EUROPA OREENTAIIS 7 (1988)

CONTRIBUTI ITALIANI AL X CONGRESSO INTERNAZIONALE DEGU SLAVISTI (SOFIA, 1988)

TYPTEHEB H TOJICTOR B 14TA.T1b51HCKIAX IIEPEBO4AX

KJIAY41151 J1ACOPCA CbEAI1HA

AHaJIH3 TexcTa' xax LjeJIOCTHOPI CHCTeMbI, B LlaCTHOCTH pacxpbl me ero norico-ncaxonoripiecxoft H 3cTentmecxoti opramm- samiocTH, npno6peTaeT B liacTosmee spemsi 15onbwoe Haytnioe mummie. Ocnosuble xaTeropHH TexcTa (cTpyxTypa, THnOJIOrHSI KOM1103HI1NOHHIDIX (Dopm, CHJIblibIe nomumt TexcTa H T.J2.), a Taioxe Taxne 'JOH/3TM, xax xageorao npHpalikeHHR CIALICJIR TeKCTa, TaK Ha3bzBaeMoe cwirarmaniztecicoe HaripHicemie (repmmi Ammonii), odecnetumalowHe C135i3HOCTb TexcTa, npeAcTaansuoT 04eHb 60JIb- mon mrrepec UJ1Si AmirspicTwiecxott II03THKH H Teopifit H nparrH- 1(11 neperto4a. BmecTe C TeM, HMeHHO JIHHTBIICTHMeCKHA anainta xyAo*ecTsemioro TexcTa, pacxpbrnie cynkHoont /4 CMCHbI JIIITe- paTypHba CTHJIefl2 H nononsuoT no-HOBOMy no/A(:41TH K npodneme nepesopoB, Hdo, xax H3BeCTHO, cuuntormecxoe nepeocmbione-

omatmeT donee 143111 Menee cytnecTaemipo nepepadoTxy.

1 113 34HoNcecula onpejleAemift TexcTa cp. onpuenettme TexcTa B ranbrieprm 1981: 18. Yxa3aHHe B3RTO N3 Ilporgemco-tlepehnicmita 1987: 137. 2 KayxtuummAit 0969: 209) nommepnwa, 11TO raopmecrao Typrettesa RansieTcR nepexomibtm 3seHom meimy roronem H Ilecicoabim, cnpauntaaer ce6st, stanstercsi 3111 TeCHIIR CBR3b mez,gy R3b1KOM 14 HCKyCCTBOM AND1b ORH1111 1411CTHbD4 acnearrom, NAH CArICHT OCHOBON 60.Ree DINpOKHR 11121BOROB RASI 3110311011H14 pyccicoft AHTepaTypbl.

322 1U1A39:1NSIJIACOPCA

B 3TOR CB51314, 6yJeT HHTepecuo, xax HaM xa*eTca, o6pa-THTbCB K riposeméHHomy *HpmyHcxxm (1977: 15-55) cpasHemao jilayx He(So.nbuffix TeKCTOB TYPI-eHeBa H TOJICT01.0, KOTOPLIX gacTo xapaxTepHnrica nepaoro xax npemeTasHTena pomaHTHmecxoro CTHJI51 H Erroporo xax npucTaBHTena peaaHerHilecxoro CTHJI$1 B pyccxoti xy,uo*ecTaeHHofi npo3e. 3 OTpLIBKH B351Tb1 H3 paccxaaa. TypreHeBa TpH Bcipezm (1852) H H3 pomaHa To.ncToro CeMeRHoe cvacrbe (1859). HMeHHO B pomane CemeilHoe cvacme, xax no,0- tlepxHyn *Hpmymcx}12, 6o.nee acero TOJICTOFI npH6AH*aeTca x xy,ao*ecTseHHofí maHepe TypreHeBa. B aToti padore Mb1 XOTHM odpaTHTh BHHMaHHe Ha TO, tITO o6a oTpmaxa armemema CHJIbH0F1 n03HuHefi TeKCTa, T. H. TaPMOHHIleCKHM 1.1eHTpom (FU ) HJIH TO€11(011

30)IOTOFO ceqemm, yxa3bma1O11(Hm MOMeHT sull'ero no o0TexcTo-BOTO, cemaHTHmecxoro, 3MOIIHOHaJIbHOTO H me..nozwlecxoro Ha-npsoxeHHH, KOTOPbaí B BHHTOBOR cHmmerpHH xyAo*ecTaeHHon peqH npeffluecTayer KOMTIO3HLIHOHHOMY ImeHenpuo.

KaK yKa3biaaeT Ilepempicrma (1987: 150), H3 MH01-04/1CACHHbIX BH4OB

ciammeTpH (rapmotoni nponopnitn) B xyno)KeerseHHon peLm no.nyvalar xomTeTHoe nplimeHemie no ;Tal:men Niepe 3eplaurbHasi, nepe- HOCHaA 11 HHHTOBall, 11/1H 30.170T0e cetterme. BHHTOBaR cHmmeTpHs; onpene.nneT Te nponopumi 3./letvleHTOB a cocraae ne.noro, xoTopme /1eoHapno Aa BHH4H Haman "aurea sectio", nponopnan, yxce onHcarmyìo B Ha Ma/MX EH/C/1114a H B 3noxy Bo3powlemin npH3HanHylo maTemaTHKom Ilago.rm nneanbrion nponopmen, 6oxecrBeilHoil nponopuireli : aro npo-noptmil, xoTopme o6ecne4HBaloT ne.nerme ne.noro a xpanHem H cpe-aHem aniouleHHH. 11pH Taxom aeneHral HeKoero He.noro, Hanp. oTpe3Ka AB, 6o.nbulasi ero LiacTb AC nanneres; cpexmen nponopuktoHaAbHon me)xxly scem ne.nmm (AB) H meHbwen ero LtacTbio (CB), T.e. AB:AC = = AC:CB; °Toon& npit AB=1, K03414/H1.111eHT 30A0T0f0 ceztemisi (h) oxa-3b1BaeTCSI pawimm 0,618. 4To6b; HafiTH Totncy 30A0T0r0 cevemui HY)KHO 'teme (4HC/10 ero 3.TIeMeHTOB) yMHOXCHTb Ha 0,618, T.e. Ha xo-344)HumeHT h. tlepertmcma Taxxce ynommaer O TOM, 4TO 06 3CTe-

3 H3/111111He nontiepxHaaTh Hexoropylo yCJIOBHOCTb TaKHX onpene.neHHit. Kayxtnunamm 1111111eT O ITCHX0J1OrifileCKOM peansome 11/111 1703THeleCKOM peanume 4.71R xapaxTepHerwm nosecraoaare.nbHon maHepm TypreHeaa (1969: Z0). no aromy noaony 11.1ep6ima norigépimaaer CHHTeTHMHOCTb, xoropaa oco6eHHo xapaxTepHa Ansi TypreHeaa H P.R.Aa npyrin abanawatHxcs; npencTaaHTenen pyccxoro peanH3ma (1978: 13). 3. llo rarro onpenenaer Hcxyccrao TypreHesa Kax peaimcntmeciwe ampazeime pomairnimecKoro TemnepameHra U10 raTTO 1979: 378 ; nyeronoilT "H3BeCTHO, MTO TypreHea 6buz BeJIHICHM peaJIHCTOM, HO B TO XCe apemz OH co3,na.n Heindt pan 3amemareAbHbnc pomaHrHmecxHx npoHaaeneHHIL aomenumx a coxpoaH81HHI(Y pyccxoft Jurreparypm "1987: 4).

TYPITHEB H TOJICTOR B HTAIII351HCKHX IIEPEBOLIAX 323

TH4CCKOM 3Ha9ewni cHmmerpHH mammari« Befinb rican: MaTemaTH-LieCKHe 3aKOHM, ynpaensuoaise npHpopon, SIHRIOTC51 HCTO4HHKOM CHMMeTpHH B npmpome, a HHTyHTHBH&H peanmaLIHR noti wreH B TB0p-4eCTROM Llyxe xyno*Hpuca CIty*HT HCTO4HHKOM cHmmeTplikt B HCKyC-

cme. Co caoert cropoHm, ncHxanorim nocnpHRTHR H namATH non- Taepxnamyr o6bAcHeHHe, npenno)KeHHoe my3bucoaenom P03eHOBMM, no mHeanio KOT0p01-0. 4HCJI0BaSI 3aKoHomepHocrb 30.110roro ceztemul 51B- JIReTCA MaTepHaBbH131144 BbIALWBHHeM TICHXHIB3C.KOR 3.1KOHOMepHOCTH H

pe3yflbraroM 6e3OTIMTH011 norpe6Hocrm aBTOpa, T. e. ero 6ecco3Ha-TeJlbH0r0 170,CPIHHBHHR 3aKOMIM ❑ptrpogiforo rsoptiecraa, nocHonmy Tronca 3o.nororo CeLICHHR c 3crenixo-ncHxonormecxott TO4KH yeHHH — momewr HaH(011ee B034531)KaéHHOTO ONHABHH.51, ripH4em °mummie 3T0 HaXOPHTCA B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT co,nepAcaHHH TOPI eAkumnbt cDopmbi, xoTopaH a paHHom cnyvae noneepraercH 30norobry,aancl000. Apyrkimm CJIOBaMH, rIj ABIIACTC34 TeM OoKycom, KOTOpbdi TOJICTOPI clogran awaHeriumm Kpwrepmem xynoxcecraeHHoont no camerenbc-ray r0J1b- AeHBeR3epa, ToncTon rosopan. 4TO camoe ilLYCHOB B TipOlf3BBABHHH

HCKyCCTI3a, LiT066I OHO HMB.110 ero apope OoKyca, T.e. HBLITO -TO

raKoro, K vemy CX045ITCR ace .11r111 H OT mero mcxopnr. He 6ynem KacaThcH 6onee no.npo6Ho npo6nemm COOTHOWeHHA piuma H xyzio-xceemeHHoro Texcia. nOCTaTO4HO dyneT BCE1OMHHTb paambnuneHHH llacTepHaKa, no3Ta-neperion4ma, O TOM, LiTO My3bIKa/lbHb111 PHTM c.neTiyeT HCICBTb a rny6HHHom H HaH6onee npo6nemHom cnoe npow-aeneHHH, T.e. B TOfi cOepe, KaropaH oveHb 6/1143Ka OTB.flegéHHOCTH my3buot Cp. o6 3TOM KayxLanuaHnH 1983: 189.

K031:141411HeHT 3OJIOTOFO ceqemiR, KaK noicaahmaeT LlepemH- CHHa, pasen 0,618. eneponaTenbHo, aHanH3Hpyembiti Hamn OTpbI-

BOK 113 Typrexesa, HenocpecTeem-lo npepeapsnoutHA wropylo serpegy C Heulaxomon, SIBJI51eTCSI J111111b opopmanbrium ru H3- 3a

1:1BYTIJIaHOBOCTH paccica3a: CY6beKTHBHO JIHP144eCKHa niiaH (OT HHua asTopa) 14 06beKTHBHO peamicumecKHA n.nax (O s3aHmo- OTHOIlleHHAX awropa C Ilyiaduiwgem). A 1,411CJI0BaSI ampa*exHocTb peanbxoro ru - 30-oe (H3 59) csepxcl)pa3osoe paccHaa O camoyafficuse Tipo:dai-11m — 3TO ru, B KOTOPOM C13513b1BalOTC51

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He3HaKOMKH. ECTeCTBeHHO, KaK oTmema.n Aúlpmyxcickifi, xymo-

324 KBAYM5111ACOPCA

*eCTBeHHaSI CHMMeTpH51 3TO He 6e3yCJI0BHO Tozmum, reomerpH-clecxasi cHnimerpHR . 4

POMBH TOACT01-0 CemettHoe cqacrbe COCTOHT H3 ssyx %aerea: nepsas macTb — npesmymecTsesso sspsgecxas (rsashz 1-5, )KH3Hb i O csasb66I); sTopas tlaCTb — npesmymecTsesso no-BecTsosaTesbsas (rsasu 6-9, 6pa4mas *H3Hb). OTphIBOK, KOTO-

phifi Mbl asaannspyem, 06b$iCHeHHe B modss, ss.nseTcs FU nepsotí taacTs (5 x 0,618 = 3,09 3, xoses m. 3). N OH nepexsmaeTcs speAso-copep*areshsom OTHOIlleHHH C FU wropott Lumi (TA. 8, 4 X 0,618 = 2,472): 06b5ICHCHHe B JII06BH sexoero mapxma ,LI B

modossom npsxmotlesss B Buiese, nocse xoToporo reposas cnelimo so3spauxaeTc.s x mpxy B reAgesbdepr.

Typresescnift orphisox — onscamte sonsoro capa, spessa-psnoukee sommesse Tassersessoft se3saxobscit — o6pues COOT-

HOIlleHH31 mesmy Si3LIKOM H mbnusessem, xapaxTepsoro Ansi xygo-*eCTBeHHOTO CTH.11511103T0B -p0MBHTHKOB, OT FOTOASI /lo Typrese- sa. B Hé1.4 spxo sposanseTcs nocTommas xyposcecTsessas sepa Typresesa. Pa3peunfre spossTsposaTb:

A 3a6pé.n masexo, H y*e He TOJIbKO coaernueimo cremano, HO Ayma B30IUJIa. a HOLib, mia TOB0pHTC51. XABBHO Crallit Ha He6e, KOTAa 51 AO-CTHT 3HaKOMOR ycub6m. MHe npftwocb HATH Ma% KpyroM 6buta TaKaRTHWHHa...

$11nepewan mepea (impongo nopory, ocropox(Ho npo6pancsi CKBO3b 3811191.71éHkiy10 xpanHay H TIPHCJ1OHHJICR K H513KOMY (melma Henonmextio Ae*an nepeno MHOIO se6o.nbaloS can, BeCb 6JlaTOBOHHblA H 11.71a2KHblfi; pa36Hrbill no-crapHmHomy, OH COCTO$IJ H3 04H0fInpozionrosarott no-ARMI. lipsimme A0pO*101 CX0A/411HCb Ha camoll eé cepemnie B Hpyrfiyio acnym6y, rycro 3apoctuyio acTpaMH; Bb1COKHe AHrud oxpyxcanm ee posHofi xafimott. B OAHOM TO.71bK0 meare npepbaaaAach ara xafima ca-xceH H Ha ABB, H CKBO3b oraepcme BHAHeJlaCb 4aCTb HH3eHbKOTO AO -ma C nsyms, K yntianeHmo moemy, OCBel1(éHH61MH OKH8MH. Mononme 516.710HM Hoe-rne BO3Bb1IllaJIHCb Hai( 110/151HOIR; CKBO3b MX *HAKHe BeTBH xporico cHHano HomHoe He6o, AHAcH npemorHull caer AyHm; nepen

4 Kax nonmepxmaaer tlepemmania, somma ru 3aavicirr OT o6uxero gitana 3/1eMeHTOB B KOHKPeTHOM lieAOM (HanpHmep, CHHTarM B npen.noxemtH) H mute acero oxamaaercx meHee crporo 4nixcHpoaaHHoH, mem 3TO npen-noAaraercn anpHopm, — mecrononox(eHoe rs aapbmpyercH B A0130.71bH0 infrenbtimx npenanax: no aAemeHra a ru moxcer pacnoAararbcst He TO.rtbK0 62%, HneaAbHaa HOpMa nponopusH, HO H 50-60% OT offiaero IlHena mexTos geAoro. HanpHmep, B nayxcHHrarmeHHom npen.no*eHHH 50% CHHTEM, B wecnicHnrarmertHom 67% (6 x 0,618 = 3,708 4; 4 cocraaAner OT 6 ffi

66,6%). Ilpormenxo-tiepemmcHHa 1987: 156.

TYPrEHEB H ToAcT0F1 B HTAAbStlicKHX nEPEBoAAX 325

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}IX C11.110111HOR JIHCTBe; OHM KaK By,LITO 3BaJIH Ha nponaAammie nom HHMH QOPO*KH, KaK By,LITO matuum noA CBOIO rAyxya CeHb. BCé He6o 6m.no itcneutpeHo 3Bé3,ElaMli; TaHHCTBeHHO crpyanoch C Bb111114HbI MX ro.ny6oe, MSITK0e, mepuaffite; OHM, Ka3a/I0Cb, C THX1IM BHIIMaHbeM TAR- xte.roi Ha Aa.nexpo aemmo. MaAme, ToHxxe o6.rtaxa, Hapeoca HafieTan Ha .nyHy, npeapautaAH Ha MIII0BeHHe eé cnoxonHoe cHAHHe B HeSICHbIli, HO caeTAbilk TyMaM... Bcé Apemano. Boanyx, Becb TérlAblfi, aech naxymidi, naxce He KO/IblXaTICSI; OH TOJibK0 H3pexua Apoxan, KaK ApOIGIT BoamyakéHHaA nameHmem BeTakt... Kaxast-TO *axma LtyacTsoaa.na a HéM, xaxoe-TO mfieHme... R HarHyAcH 4epe3 n.neTeHb: nepeno MHOfi KpaCHblh nani:man mal< 110/2HPIMaJI 143 3annoxineti Tpaabt c..aofi npsimon CTe6eltéK; 60/1b111aR Kpyrnasi KanAR HOLIHOti pOCIA 6AeCTeJla TéMHbIM 6/1eCKOM Ha Alle pacxpmToro LIBeTKa. Bcé Apemano, BCé He*HAOCb Boxpyr; BCé Kax 6y,11T0 TAR,Cle.110 aaepx, BbITSIHy13111HCb, He meaeARch H abizitAaa... Mero xcia.na 3Ta Tén.nan, aTa He 3aCHyBW8SI HOLlb?

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HHe MHMO/IéTHOTO *yxa, Jiér Koe Ltmoiatabe MeAKOil pm6bt B ca*a.nxe 3a Amami< Ha KOHLle caga, COHJIHBbItt CBHCT acTpeneHystueficsi na.néKHA xpktx B none, — AO TOTO Aa.néKHB, 4TO yxo He MOTA() pa3- JIHLIHTb, Lle.noseic nH TO npoxpw4aA, HJIH 3aepb, 11/114 nmtna, — KOPOTIGgi, 6bICTplalti TO110T no Aopore — ace 3TH Cila6bIe 3ByKII, 3TH me.necTH TOAbK0 ycyry6Asum CepAue BO MHe TOMHJ!OCb HeH3bSICHHMbIM 4yBCTBOM, noxo*Hm He TO Ha oxotAaHbe, He TO Ha BOCHOMHHaHHe CLIaCTb14; A He cmen weaeAbHyThcA, SI CTOSIA Heno-ABHICHO npeA 3TMM Henomax*HOm CaA0M, 06.nwrb1m 14 AyllHblè4 cacrom H poCofi, 14, He 3Ha10 cam nomemy, HeoTcTynHo TASWeA Ha Te ABa OKHa, TYCKAO KpacHeaume B mstrxola 110AyTeHH, Kax aApyr paaAaAcH B XIOMe aKKONI — pamancs H npoxaTHAcst BOAH010... Pa3APEKHTeAbH0 3BOHICHB a03,nyx oTrpAHy.n 3XOM... A HeBOAbH0 suporHy.n.

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326 KJIAIMH51 JIACOPCA

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HeACHIJA, Hel13bRCHHMMR, He 3Halo caM Hogemy, H T.II.), y110 -

Tpe6Aenne 3M011HOHaJIbHbIX npanaraTenbnbnc-3nwreTos H rnaro- JIOB, LIBCTHOCTH, Opy111eBJ15110111H2C meTa(pop laporico caneno HOLI-

Hoe nedo, 4pemormal cseT nynbi, q ynam THIIIHHa, cnep*an-nuft Inopox), 141114, xax Hx onpene.nnsa Kayx‘nonnust (1969: 162)5 , CHHe -creniveciale meTa0opid ; nony3monnona.nbmge cnosa, co3nalounte xapaxTepnwe npo3pazunae H nezinge Jutpatlecxne Tona Typre-HeBCKOTO neti3a*a, TemaTntiecxnmn 3.nemenTamn xoToporo ABA51-

10TCH snegaTAemin cseTosme, B TOM Inicne xpacommlax HATeH,

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5 06 oco6of1 my3bacarmao -cayxoaot1 4yBCTBIlTe..11bHOCTI4 TypreHeaa CM. Kayviamilana 1969: 160-161).

TYPrEHEB H TOACTO2 B HTAAbHHCKHX nEPEBOLIAX

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3T0 acem Ham TPOHM 6b1J10 HOHATHO H HHIlyTb He crpaHHo. OH HHKOT/241 He nopaaap MHe pyxH, HO Teneph A cama B3si.na eé, H OH He Hauié.n 3TOTO arpa:m:31m. Mb1 aTpoém COWAH C Teppacht. Becb 3TOT how, 3T0 He60, 3TOT Cap, 3TOT ao3pyx duna He Te, xoTophie A 3HalIa.

Korpa A cmoTpe.na anepép no armee, no xoTopoll MINI num, MHe Bcé Ka3aJI0Cb, LITO Typa ,pa.nhwe HeAb351 6bI/10 HATH, 4T0 TaM KOHLIIIACA MHp

BO3MOXIMOTO, LITO BCé 3T0 HaBcerpa /40/1*HO 6b1Tb 3a/COBaHO B caoefi xpacore. Ho Mbl 110/4BPITILAHCb, H BOADIe6HL14 CTeHa KPaCOTb1 pa3paH-ra.nach, anycKapa Hac, H TaM To*e, Ka3aA0Cb, 661/1 Haw 3HalCOMbiln c.ap, pepeahsi, popoxim, cyxme JIHCTbA. H bui TO4HO XO,LIHAH no po-poxixam, HacTynapkt Ha xpyrsi caeTa H TeHH, H TO4HO CYXOPI AHCT wypian nop HOT010, H caexcasi Berla Bapeaa.na MeHA no paliy. H 3T0 TO4HO 6b1/I OH, :computi, pOBHO H THX0 crynan norie mem, 6epe*Ho HIC moio pyKy, H 3T0 TO4HO 6bijla KaTsi, KOTOPaA, nocxpsinbiaasi, ama psipom C Hamit H, po.n*Ho 6bITb, 3T0 6b1/1 mecsui Ha He6e, icoTopmf: CBeTHA Ha Hac CKBO3b HeTI0,0BHXHble BeTEIH...

Ho C ica*pum tuarom c3apH HaC H cnepepH cHoaa Bammicapach ao.nuie6Hasi creHa, H si nepecraaa.na EtepriTh B TO, LITO MO)KHO ellIé harH paphule, H nepecTapa aepwrb BO Bcé, 4T0 6b1.110.

— Ax, psu-yunal — nporoaopitna KaTsi. Kro H 3a4em 3TO rosopHr? nopymana A. Ho noTom A acnommipa,

LITO 3T0 KaTA, LITO OHa 60HTCA piiryinex, H A nocmorpe.na noi HOTH.

Mai:era:4mA .1151TWOHKa npurHypa H Bameppa nepepo mtioli, 14 OT Hee mapeHmas: TeHb anaHepach Ha aie-mon r.n iie LIOPDXCKH.

— A Bb1 He 60HTeCb? — CKa3aA OH, orpRHypach Ha Hero. OpHoll Armi B SJUIee HenOCTaBa/10 B TOM

mecre,rrie Mbl npoxoparm, mue ACHO 6b1A0 artpHo ero pinio. OHO 66UIO

TaK npexpacHo H C4aCTAHBO... OH CKa3aJI: Bbi He 6OHTCCb?, a A cui:nana, LITO OH ropopan:

re657, bovrasi fieByuocal mo6Aiol —Ti:teppa:l ero aBrpsw, ero pyxa; H caeT, 14 TeHb, H B03,0yX, H BCé Taeppnno TO *e camoe.

Mbl 060111AH BCCb

MHoroe B 3TOM onHcaHHH HanomxHaer TypreHeHa.Tyr ecTb H HeCKOJIbK0 c.nyMaeB cHHTaxcHtlecxoro napan.nenH3bta, I4 AHP14 -

tiecicasi rHnepdo.na ecé (12 pa3), Heonpextenélmble eyfia - TO, nogemy-ro, Ka3a110Cb, H T.A. Ozwaxo, KaK oTmetmeT *HpmyHciolft,

328 KnAYABH JIACOPCA

oTcyreTuyeT cHwrermecKoe ej:(11HCTBO 3MOIIHOHaAbH0 HachuaeH-Horo onHcaHH.H. 6 A ymeHHe Toncroro yA0/3111"b tlepenylOIIIHACA

pHTM neaxanorHH, umpoxoe ,ilkocamie ›KH3HH, orpa*aeTcia B aHa-JIHTHtleCKOM 3AeMeHTe, oTcyreruyxnuem y TypreHesa, B tlaCTHO -

CTH B 110PpO6HOR H Tot1Hot1 np0crpaHerseHH0f1 ,LIHCII03HUHH, C nymerya.m3Hof1 peracTpanHefl Acra.nefl. Cp.: HOJIHMil mecsul CTOAA

Hda ,aomom, 3d HaMH, Tax 11TO ero He 6mn0 B144110, 170.110BHHa TeHH

KpbIIIIH CTOA60B H no.noTHa Teppachi Hamcxocxm en raccourci Ae-*a.ma Ha necgaHofi Aopozoce H ra3oHHom xpy)xice. Ocla.BBHoe 6bIA0

CBeTAO. 1.11Hponasi 11BeT0 11HaSI Aopozam, no xoTopon C ~oro xpaH KOCO AOACHAHCb TeHH reoprHH H no,unopox, BC31 cueviasi H

X0A0,BHaA, 6.neersz HepoBlimm ge6Hem, yX0PHAa B Tymane B N3-3a pepers rumHenach crternasi xpkana opaHacepem... Yxce HeCK0.11bK0 OTOAéHHble xycmd cHpeHH... HarlpaBo B TeHH

HaBepxy, B .upicom PaccypogHo-aHaAHTH4eem411 xypo*ecrueHmati mero."' Tall -

cToro npouBABeTesa Taloice B CHHTaKCHIleCKOM 0410pMAeHHH:

yCHAHTeAbHble TaKOR, TaK (eparmeHHA HAH CAeACTBHA) HMeIOT,

KaK npaBn.no, CAO*H0110/0.1HHeHHe (cp. 3TO &Ma TaKdif Hoyb, Ka -KOR yz H HHKOT;da He BH,daJla 170C.710; 06beKTHBHOCTb 011HCaHHA,

npH BCéM OKPbIllAéHHOM otlyllIeBHOM COCTOAHHH repOHHH, HeLmy-CMUlleHHO scura:ai:mei' B Hapetum TOLIHO: N MbI TOVHO XOLIHAH no uopmxicamH, ...H T0'IHO cyxoti JIHCT wypulaA no,u Horolo... 14 3T0

TOEIHO 6bIA OH... Fi 3TO TOt1H0 dhum. KaTA

ECAH cefitiac nepetiTH K AHHI-BHCTHLIeCKOMy H AwrepaTypo- Bex-lecicomy pacemarpeHmo HTaAbAHCKHX nepesopos, TO HeAb331

He ripH3Harrb, LITO HTaAbAHCK0e BoenpasiTHe Beinucof1 pyccicon

6 B non CRA3H HC6e3MHTCPeCHO OTMeTHTb KaK B Pa31114THH nirrepaTyptimx axycoa H B cmene HHAIIBH4SraAbHIAX H HCTOPHIleCKHX ermnell TH170.110THR POAMHTIMMICOTO CTHJM , T.e. CTHAH3aIIHA no-Typreneacxm, aocnpmerwmanach xax nexan manepnocrb. no yromy noaony Toncroa nponnmecxn umetiaer: trOBOPAT, 4T0 CMOTPII Ha xpacmaylo npnpony, ApHX0):151T MbICAH O BeAHIIHH dora H HHMTOAHOCTIrl menoaexa; BA/06)16HHble BHASIT B BOne 06Pa3 B03 - AiodneHHoll, npyrne roaopwr, ropw, xa3anoch, roaopunn TO-TO, a AH- CTOLIKH TO-TO, a nepeabn 3Bal114 KYAH-TO. KW( MOAHO ripmftrm TaKaA MIACJIIA Hano CTaPaTbCA, 4T0613I B6MTb B ronoay Taxylo nenennuy. L'ed 6onbine *HOS', TeM donee mnplocb C Pa3AHIIHEIIMI4 HaTAHYTOCTAMH (c ►ééy'apeinupt) B AH3HH, B paarosope, H TA•; HO K 3TOn HaTAHYTOCTII, HCCMOTPA Ha ace MOH paaroaopm, He mory ». UHT. no 3nxen6aym 1922: 34-35. Yxa3anne MITO H3 *npmynclain 1977: 377.

TYPETHEB H TOJ1CTOR B HTA/113511iCKHX BEPEBOZIAX 329

xypoNcecineHHoft npolu 3ano3papoe H, Tax CKa3aTb, xpoHoporx-mecKH oTcponeHo Ha HeCKOJIbK0 geCSITHAeTHA (Cp. Sapegno 1978: 95-96). 3a HcionomenHem HeKOTOpbIX HMéH, xax MH.71aHCKHA xpii-THK K. TeHxa H cappaucxasi rdca -rephHHua rp. flepeppa, cymea-unte, axpamo, ouenHTb 14 B nepesope 3HatIHTeJIbHOCTb 14 xypo-*ec-raeHHoe caoeo6pa3He Typreneacxxx paccxa3oB,7 HeT COM-

HeHHA B TOM, tITO IfranbAHCKIlfi LiaTaTeph ropa3po 6opme 1.1eHHJI pa3BHTHe cloze-ra H 300eKTb1 B pomaHnixo-pexapeHTacom axyce, HexcepH HpefiHbifi, mopanbmin, rviHposompeHgecuiti nop -rexer. He apaaaacb B peTaPH O nepsw..x nepeaopax Ha HTaJIbigliCKHR RUH(

TOTO 14 ppyroro npoHnepennas, Hanommm JIHIIIb, B nopstaxe npH-mepa, LITO go 'umana XX B. Ha3BaHHH nepesepélnugx npoinse-paludi H3MeHAJIHCb na OCHOBe TOJIKOBaHHA copep*aHHH, LiTo661 cpa3y BBeCTH HTagbAHCKOTO InfraTepH B aTmoccpepy H o6cTa-HOBKy npoinaemeHHH, KOHet1H0 B gyXe 3noXH. Tax, nepaufk nepe-BOA C pyccxoro opHrHHapa pomaHa OTHIJI H fieni Ha3bizae-rcia HH-rx.inf3m (I1oTanorta 1973: 227 — Turgenev 1879) ; a nepamfl nepe-BOA Tax*e, 31K06b1 c pyccxoro oparmnapa 3aHHCOK OXOTHHKa HOCHT na3BaHHe llomerpHKH H xpenocnime B POCCHH (G. Tour-

guéneff, Feudatari e servi della gleba in Russia. Prima traduzione italiana dall'originale russo di Giuseppe Turrini, Roma 1894). 3,pech *e TpH ecrpetuf HOCHT pBollnoe na3aaHme Aaama nyTeffiecrae-HHHLra. TpH ncrpeqH . 9 41.0 xacaeTcH pomana CeMenHOe CciaCTbe TOJICTOTO, TO OH 1105IBJISIeTCH BO 4.nopemakm B 1899 r., B nony- Annoti cepHH H3paTensi CapaHH C HHTparpountm 3arpartHem Po- mali o/moro 6paxa (Leone Tolstoj, Il romanzo di un matrimonio. Riduzione dal russo, Firenze, Adriano Salmi Editore 1899), 14 tlepe3

7 CM. Piretro 1979: 455-464; Dodero Costa 1983. K. Tema, B CB$13H c ero pa3- 6opom coapemeution emy (ppatuty3cxof1 6y.nbaapuon acypuasibuon apírnuca H surrepaTypm, tia3maast Typretteaa uuttutmo ero 341MCKH OXOTHH1a) CBOHM J11061114b114 mi caTeAeM. K 3TOMy apemeuu TypreHeBa OH MOT MHTaTb B rum( (ppattuy3ctotx nepeaostax: E. Charrière, Memoires d'un seigneur russe, 1854 si H.. Delaveau, Récits d'un chasseur, 1858. CM. Cadot 1967: 443. A rp. ne.rteruta 'un'a-sta HeygoasteraopwreAbubte nepeaortm Llamno.nu. g Tpn acrpezof H Bperèp, B Manaue, 1874. Cp. Renton 1961: 50. Cp. Iloranoaa 1973: 235. 9 La dama viaggiatrice. I tre incontri. Hertpeonosuutylo TRry K 3K3OTHXe BM,HalOT rtaorutme ita3aatuut H Apyrsix paccxa3oa. Cp. Khor e Kalinytsch (Xopb Kanumoi. Pycctute xpertocruhte B pepearte); Ermoloti—sic—e la moglie del mu-gnaio (Epmonaft Fi me.nbinigkaa. Pyccuie Kpenoentwe B ropope) La morte. Modo di morire dei russi (CMepm. KaK ymPtpatoT pyccame); Il Burmistro. Servi e intendenti in Russia (Bypmitarp. Kpenocrume m yrtpaansuomme a Pocant) , H T.H.

330 KJIAYOISIJIACOPCA

nsTb IIeT JVISI Toro *e H3RaTelISI C I43MelléMibIM B yroay 3K3OTHKH CO6CTBeHHbIMH HmeHamH H Ha3s3miem IUTA, HAH cvacrbe B cembe Tolstoj 1904). 3TO 06bSICHAeTC14 TeM, turo o6a coxpautémime nepe-BOXIbl (COOTBeTCTBeHHO 1894 r. H 1899 r.) 6bIJIH BOJIHbIMH H TOq - HOCTb coscem He Tpe6osaaach.

B nepeBope TyppHHH IlaMa HyrearecreeHHHaa. TpH acrpecut He TOJIbK0 OTCyTCTBylOT 111114 acxazeHm CH/IbHbIe 1103H~ TeK-cra,Tax, HanpHmep, HCT coscem CTHXOTB0pHOTO 3mirpacpa Passa que' colli e vieni allegramente H T.M.: card cmx-JtetiTmoTHB Vieni, pensando a me segretamente... Hcxa*éH, H xonuoBxa HenpocTH-TeAbH0 coxpaukeHa, HO SIBHO nepesoatima TSITOTHT xax pa3 po-maHTHmecxHil CTHJIb TypreHesa, xoToporo Ha o6so*xe OH rpomo-rnacHo onpepenBeT KaK CaMbIR BOJIHy10110111 pyccxHil pacciaagoix Tax. BbinsaatoT JuipwiecxHe rptnep6osm BCé, Becb (6 113 12), Bmpa3HTeAbHme MHOTOTOIIH51 (1 5 H3 17), Heonpeae.némude cAosa, CHJIbHO coxpautema npanaraTenbmge-3nHTeTm, Hctle3ator xpaco-gime nATHa, ocB3aTeBbHme H tpH3HtaecxHe owymenkts, ckatecTeTH-ziecxne meTatpopm. CJIOBOM, HapymeHm cTpyxTypa ue.noro, eAHHCTBO 3MOLIHOHaAbHOTO TOHa TypreHeftesa.

Bm6op pomaHa CemeliHoe cqacrbe TancToro H ero CTH.1111 - cnitiecKaH afianTaaHH, Tame KaK H sm6op paccxa3a TypreHeBa

onpeaeBBAHcb 3anpocamH HTanhsHcxoro LIHTaTeJISI (H3AaH1151 A. CanaHH 1899 r. H 1904 r.). Ha o6.noscxe nepBoro kt3aaHHB, noa 3arnamem PomaH opHoro paia H3o6pasceHa cueHa co6na3HeHHB, BO Bicyce 3noxn. TOT *e pHcyHox BOCI1p0H3BO4HTC51 Ha cppoH-THCIIHCe C HaXIIIHCb10: Torea HOBOe meHR 'IyBCTBO crpaxa H HaCJIWIC,11eHHA HpoO'examo J1e,1151HOR apoxbro 170 ecemy Teily . 10 3"ni 6aHaAbH0 HCKa*élinbIe cAoBa yakisHreBbHo TOHKOPI KOHUOBKH nepBoft L'acni (so3BpauxeHHe nomon noc.ne caaab6m) moryT c.ny-ACHTb o6pa3uom Tax Hamsaemoro BO/IbHOTO nepesoaa 3TOTO H3 - paHHA 1899 r. H cneapoutero 1904 r. HanktcaHHe CO6CTBeHHbIX I4MéH Ha HemeuxHti maHep B nepesome BToporo H3PaH1431 aHO-HHMHOr0 nepeeoatima roBopHT O TOM, 'ITO nepeBot 6mAcaenaH He c opktntHana, a c Hemeuxoro nepesoaa. B TOM, H B apyrom nepesoae H3733ITHSI, nepecTaHosxkt HapytuatoT cBo6oaHh1fi H cse-

1 ° Allora un sentimento nuovo per me, di orrore e di piacere, mi fece correre un brivido di ghiaccio per tutta la persona.

TYPrEHEB H TO)1CTOR B HTAJIb$IHCKHX IlEPEBOZAX 331

*Hti pHTM TICHKOJI0rHH, C Taxon xyzio*ecTseHHoft miTyHwieft y-.11013/1eHHhIn pyccxxlm nHcaTenem. 11

BTopoti nepeaom paccKaaa TypreHeea, xoTopkatt MhI npo-ana.mmposaim, BbIIIIeJI B 1931 I". B TypMHe B H3RaHHAX C.imeem. B oTmeAbHofi xmoloce no4 HaaaaHHem flemme ~6mm (Primo amore nepeeoptutua Maprepwra CHAbaeorpH-Jlanerma akanyorma B I7OJIHOM riepeeope c pyccxoro c mpemeziamismai man, paccxa3on: fIepBaJI JI1060Bb, HOCT051111,111 gfflop, TpH Borpeimf, MyMy, )1014. 12

Bepe*H0e OTHOUleHHe K TypreHeacicomy TelecTy BOCIIp0H3B0 - XISIT Ha HTalIbBHCKOM 313bIKe KOMI103HUHOHHIA OCTOB 011HCaHH14.

3T0 H pHTmkplecgoe crpoeHHe (»ani, caoeo6pa3Hoe pasHoaecHe ,LIBIDKeHHA:

Tutto il cielo era variegato di stelle; misteriosamente pioveva dall'alto il loro azzurro luccichio soave; sembrava che guardassero con silenziosa attenzione la terra lontana... Nuvolette lievi, sorvolando tratto tratto la luna, ne trasformavano per un istante il tranquillo splendore in una nebbia vaga, ma chiara... Tutto sonnecchiava. L'aria, tutta tiepida, profumata, non si moveva punto; solo di tanto in tanto aveva un tremito, come l'acqua al cadere di un ramoscello... Vi si sentiva come un'ansia, come un'attesa...

3T0 .ntipHmecKtífi nacpoc B IIOBTOpeHHH 0,1HHaKOBbIX CJIOB, KaK 661 no,uxHaTmealoutHx H pa3B1113a1011(11X HacTpoeHHe TpeneTHoro 0)x14 - pm-1m:

Che cosa aspettava quella notte tiepida, quella notte che non s'era addor-mentata ancora? Aspettava un suono: quel silenzio pieno di sensibilità aspettava una voce vivente, ma tutto taceva.

11 06munbill B ro apemn nponecc, cxamem, yrongenmn-otonaenam Oadynm c geAbio noAytieruta cmaroro paccxam c 3434JOKTHOH KOHLIOBKOH nadnionaercH

B nepaom Ha irranbsuicuifi n3MX nepeaone paccxami tiexoaa THo (Fan-fulla della domenica, 1890). Cp. Dodero 1979: 491-496. 12 Turghènjef 1931: Primo amore. La locanda, Tre incontri, Mumù, L'ebreo. B rom xce manarenbcrae B cepmx I! genio russo tilepaan cepmn 110AHbIX cotpairma commenma a no.nribix nepesonax non pen• AnmDpeno nonnenpo) amami B

nayx TOMaX 3817HCKH OXOTHHIa (Le memorie di un cacciatore, 1929). a nepeao-ne Raissa Olkienickaja Naldi. O nonynnpxocrx 3THX mummia momno cynwrb no AaHHMM ony6nmxoaamium Ha otSparnon CT000He 06JIOACKH: TpHYMO ama cepuoi II genio russo: Ifmatto 30 Ha313.1Hifil; nalurocrwo pacripoorram: 17; nepemaaHo: 9. Ta xce nepeaontuma Cmnbaecipm-flanenna Ansi Toro me H3,4aTeAbCTIla ellaBH51 nepeaena CrermoR KOPOJIb IIHP H npyrme paccxam Typreneaa, a raxme Boirrexidulay Reacoaa. O mecre mmarenbcraa Slavia H ero aacnyrax B pacnpocrpanennm pyccxon nwreparypm, CM. Cazzola 1979: 506-515.

332 KnAYLIHSI JIACOPCA

3To naxoneu 3moumoHanbnas1 BepuinHal-11:

Due anni prima, in Italia, a Sorrento, avevo udito quella stessa canzone, quella stessa voce... Sì, Vieni, pensando a me segretamente... Erano gli stessi accenti, li riconobbi, gli stessi...

B 1920 r. nTa.nbsinciatft non KnemenTe Pedopa nepenounT Ce-~Rime cemcme Ansi imaTenbcraa Boe (Edizioni della Voce). 13

Cnoemy nepenoily oH npepaapHer rnydolco npollyncTnennoe Bse-melme: «...3TOT poMaH, moNcer 15b1Tb, ero (ToncToro) camoe xlit-cToe oTxponemle Toro spemenn, '<orma eMy 15bmo 32 roga H p0X1- HHK 110331111 xax my3buca 6bui B HéM KJI10110M... 3T0 nponmenenne ocraneTcsi camum nopornm, xax •914TH, xoTopoe He.11b351 ne A10-

611Tb... tlyscTsa, mecTa, .11104H — BCé B3S1TO H3 *H3HH camoro nH-CaTeJISI, 11 CT8HOBHTCH peaAhnocndo H xl.7151 Hac'. B 110331iH Pe6Opb1 MrleHHIO myxosHoro noHcica H rAydoxofi pennrnomott TOCKe CO-oTseTcTsyeT Hallp5DKéHHOCTb CTHJI$1, BbIJIHBK101113,10CH B zécTxylo, macTpuannylo nonamecxylo (1)opmy. Ero nepesophi TOJICTOTO H

KoTopme CaneHbo Haahmaer czlemamilim C 111060B1310 H

npexpactimmil (Sapegno 1961: 1184), csmeTenbcTsylor od 3M0- 11110118AbHOCTH nona-nepenopLanca, o ero ynopnoft pallore na,a cminem. 13 ero nepenope C ydezinTeAbnum odunim pe3yAbTaTOM (BepHOCTb H TOL1HOCTb B HocnpoHasegeHHH erpyierypHbnc ocodeH-HocTeft) npocHeziptHaer B onncanarix xapaxTepnoe PAH nona AH-pwlecicoe nocnpkunne mnpa, nposumsnoweeca cflonterwieciat B nponycxe apTHKAH. 14 Hanpktmep:

Forte rugiada serale andava certo posando sull'erba...

Larvata tristezza c'era nel suo tono...

- Meraviglia vivere al mondo!

13 La Voce (ro.noc), cluopewrsulacHtt acypHan. OCHOBaHHEM B 1908 r. HHCATCAOM H JurreparypHbam licpwrmcm4 i ic. Ilpetutomunt, okasan wiipoioe H 6Aaro-TnopHoe BAHRHHe Ha HTaJIbRHCKyIO KynbTypy, B 04.ny HHTOHCHBH0r0 ycaoe-Hilit H pacnpocTpaHeHHA onbITa coapemeHHon 4 HAococlIcK011 H Xmo-)BeCTBCHHOR eaponeflocon KyAbrypbt. 14 H3BeCTHOe CTHXOTB0pCHHO Imminenza d'attesa (lsoulamle HeR36e*Horo): Dall'immagine tesa / vigilo l'istante / con imminenza d'attesa — / e non aspetto nessuno...; a Tame Rintocco (KOAOKOAblibla 3BOH): ...Sinistro rumor di silenzio... Alone di notte schiaccia i tetti... Insonnia di cose recise...

TYPITHEB H TOJICTOR B NTAllbSIHCKNX IlEPEBOZIAX

333

Yx1HTb1Ba51 yposenb xamecTsa nepesopos B TO spemA, KOHeq-

HO, HeH36e)KHbI HexoTopme CTFIJIHCTHT-leCKHe wepoxosaTocTH, xax, HanpHmep, kosecunge mammina HJIH mammetta amecTo marywita H HexoTopme ppyrHe. 3aTo ypHBI{TellbH0 JIHPHI1110 H coscem 6J1H3-

KO x pyxy oparnHaAa 3By1IFIT nepeaoj onncaiinsi nporyiixn no Hognomy capy. Bepe*Ho coxpaHeno AktpHmecxoe BCé, Heonpepe-.71éHHY10 noctemy -ro, xyaa-ro, TOMHO nepetnicAeHbz peTaAH, napaA-.71eAH3Mbl. HarHeTaHne Hapezins T0c1H0 BO BHyTpeHnem moHoAore nopaxcéHHon BoAme6Hon o6cTaHoucon repoHHH nepepaéT H B

nepeaope 3MOLIHOHaJIbH0e HapacTaHHe: Quando io tendevo lo sguardo in avanti sul vialetto ove andavamo, mi sembrava non fosse dato inoltrarci più in là, ch'ivi terminasse il mondo del possibile, e ogni cosa per sempre dovesse star fucinata in questa bellezza. Ma noi ci accostavamo - e le magiche mura della bellezza si scostavano, ci lasciavano entrare, e quivi ancora pareva fosse il noto nostro giardino, alberi, stradelle, foglie secche. E noi si andava davvero per stradelle, venivamo con il passo sopra cerchi di luce e di ombra, e davvero una foglia secca frusciava sotto il piede e fresco un ramoscello mi lambiva il volto. E davvero era lui, questi, che alternando il passo agevole e lieve accanto a me, con religione recava il mio braccio. E davvero era Katja questa che, destando scricchiolii, andava a fianco di noi. E verosimilmente era la luna in cielo, questa che luceva sopra noi traverso gli immobili rami...

HeT COMHeHH51 B TOM, SITO Pe6Opa ocTpo 'IyBCTByeT caM BCé

TO, LITO OH nepenopHT H no3Tomy H36eraeT B nepesope xantx 6m TO HH 6b1.110 mmTepaTypHimx BOJIbHOCTen.

He 6YLleM KaCaTbC51 B HameM C006111eHHH HH TsopmecTBa H3-

Becnioro nHonepa modwrenst-c.naaHcra HH ArnuHx po- cumeHHfl nepeBopqmos cl3yAbxa H Beppnnya Ha py6exce XIX H XX CTOJIeTHPI, O KOTOPIAX yxce HeopHoxpaTHo 11HCaJIH (CM. 110Ta-

nosa 1973, a Taxxce La traduzione letteraria... H Mondo slavo ), HH scex c.flegyloluix nepesopon Toro H ppyroro npokusepeHHA. Ho 6ypeT ymecTHo eu pa3 noptiepxHyrb neHHetimyto nepeaoptiecxylo ,r1e51TeAbHOCTb 143,LIaTeJIbCTB CJIBBHH B TypHHe (1926-1935 rr.), xoTopoe, nop pyx. Ilonneppo amnycTHAo noAHme co6paHHSI colanieHHIA ,aocToencxoro, TOJICTOr0, TypreHeBa, Forami, tieXOBa

B KBaAH(I)HUHPOBaHHbIX H TOMI -161X nepesopax, sepHbtx 6yxse H

pyxy opHrHHaAa. 14TaK, ot5e3AHtunlanHe CTHASI — a CTaJ10 6b1Tb, H MHp0B0C-

npHATHA psyx pyccxxx micaTenefi, TypreneBa H To.ncToro B

PaHHHX HTal1b51HCKHX nepesomax — 3TO ctlax -r HCTOPHH HTa.71bPIH-

334 KAAYX1H51 .nACOPCA

cicoft xyAbTypbt H AwrepaTypu B He.nom, B Te TOMbI no-caoemy orpaHmenHoti, pattsHHHpoaaHnoti, OTHOCHTeAbH0 3aMKHYTOR. Pi

3T0 OTCTaBaHHe B BOCIIpHATHH HeAb331 O6bSICHHTb, xax B cAraae CTHXOTBOPHOR TPUHIAHH, AHTepaTypHoh TpapHumen xyno*e-CTBeHHOR npoau, Tax xax OHa K nomy HpemeHH y)xe 6bima mopepHamposaHa THopmeerHom Ma ti communero He TOJIb-

KO OopmambHo, HO H maTepHamillo, no emosam 12e Maypo (De Mauro 1965: 172-175), OCHOBY AJIA ,aHHamw4HIAX, TH6KHX 5131:51KO-

BbIX HOBOBBeLIeHHfi. B 3TOR CBA3H pocTaTomHo 6buto 6m cono- CT aBHT6JIHHTBHCTHeleCKHla pea.m3m 3HaMeHHTbIX 011HCaHH/1 nefi- aaxceti y MaHP3OHH (06prieHmde, r.n. 8, lipoinakre ropm...; H FA. 17, yrpeHmoio mimo Ha 6epery Appb) c paceymonHo-aHamHTH- neexamil OIIHCaHHAMH TOACTOr0. C Apyrofk CT0p0Hbl, AHHTBHCTHM-

ecuifi aHaJIH3 TeKCTOB HTaAbAHCKHX nepersogoa 20-30ux rr. (Pe6opa H CHAbaecTpH-Jlanemia) oTpa*aer xamecTaeHHo HOBbIn

CHHTe3, xax (1)YHKIZHOHaAbH0e ePHIICTBO HTaAbAlICKOR xymbTyphi. B 3TOM (DYHKUHOHaAbHOM e,EIHHCTBe xygo)KeerseHHam noTpe15- HOCTb nepersoxikuca H nparTmeexam noTpe6Hoerb Apyroli KyAb -

Typw B nepesome, peayAbTaTom xoTopbtx, no mneHkuo Maaepa H ABASIeTCSI B xa*pom OTJ:leAbHOM emytiae nepeHopmecxam peA-

TeAbHOCTb (Maver 1929), bibi 6b1 exammH, experiumaioTem H COB-napaioT.

OT subita K TeKCTY: OT KOMMyHHKaTHBHOti CHKUHH K CMhICAO- o6pa3y1omen clyymaim (4)3THxuldt reHepaTopa emblema) HOBLIX TeK-

CTOB B HOBOR xyAbTypHort cpeme (Lotman 1985). Ilonbrraemcs) o6o61awrb. TemeHHHA, nposfaHautaAcA B OCBOeHHH pycexon JIHTe-paTypbz B nocAegxefi Tperii XIX aexa H B camom Fumane XX Hexa xopktposana pa3.711411Hble TeKCTIal BblXleARA 14X OJAHHaKOBOCTb (B

MaHHOM empue HX OT.11W1He OT HTaA1351HCKHX, HX He06b1MHOCTb, HX 3K3OTHKY). BTOpaSI TeHaeHUHA, xoTopylo MO*H0 YCJIOBHO OTHeCTH

KoHuy nepaoti buspoaoti BOAHM, KOrAa eaponeacscast xyAbrypa — B TOM 14Hc.ne H HTaAbAHCKaSI — He pe*HHama OCTPhItt KPH3HC H

nocTeneHHo paccAaHaa.nach (H xoTopoti conyTcaosa.na Tax)Ke orpomHast nonymapHaaTopcxast geSiTeAbHOCTb HTaAbAHCKHX CAa-BHCTOB, B nepwsmo ollepenb 3TTOpe /Io Fano) noatlepxkumeT mo-mHylo CaM06bITHOCTb pyccxxx nHeaTemeft, HX nuefiHo-antgecxyio rAy6HHy, opratmgecxylo CBSI3b C Hapozwofi *H3HbI0, noi:sumer HX

LleHHOCTb H y*e B CHHXPOHHOR xyAbType aropan Temei-111mA npeo6Aajtaer Ha, nepsoft. HMeHHO B 3TH rophi, no xpafineft epe acTeTHxo-Hitefutom BOCIIPHSITHH H B KYAbTYPHO -HaIAHOHaAbHOM

pa31314THH rucyca HTaAbSIHCKOTO LIHTaTeJIA, npoknomma cmeHa

TYPrEHEB H TO/ICT0F1 B HTA11135IHCKHX nEpEBOAAX 335

KmbrypHott irepHOepluf H umnpa (11arman) OnletieHHail Tb11131- HOBbIM xax ORM 113 OCHOBHbIX 3aKOHOB 1IHilab4HICH xyAbTypig.

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