3° CONGRESSO LAGUNET “CONSERVAZIONE, VALORIZZAZIONE … · Le aree di transizione sono ambienti...

III Congresso LaguNet - Orbetello, 1 - 4 Ottobre 2009

3° CONGRESSO LAGUNET “CONSERVAZIONE, VALORIZZAZIONE E RIPRISTINO

AMBIENTALE IN ECOSISTEMI DI TRANSIZIONE”

MEETING LAGUNET ITALIAN NETWORK FOR LAGOON RESEARCH

ORBETELLO, 1 - 4 OTTOBRE 2009

Polo Universitario

Grossetano Orbetello Pesca

LagunareIstituto Professionale di Satto

“LEinaudi” - Grosseto


CON IL PATROCINIO DI:

CON IL CONTRIBUTO DI:

Comune di Orbetello Assessorato alla Cultura

Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca Ufficio Scolastico di Grasseto

CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale

Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare

Provincia di Grosseto Settore Istruzione e Cultura

Consorzio Venezia Nuova


COMITATO SCIENTIFICO Alberto Basset Università del Salento, Lecce Gian Carlo Carrada Università di Napoli “Federico II” Pierpaolo Compostrini CORILA Ilaria Corsi Università di Siena Silvano Focardi Università di Siena Gianmarco Giordani Università di Parma Stefano Guerzoni CNR – ISMAR Venezia Mauro Lenzi LEALab (OPL srl), Orbetello Paolo Magni CNR-IAMC – Oristano Monia Renzi Polo Universitario Grossetano Salvatrice Vizzini Università di Palermo

COMITATO ORGANIZZATORE Silvano Focardi Università di Siena Ilaria Corsi Università di Siena Monia Renzi Polo Universitario Grossetano Francesca Cossu Università di Siena Camilla Della Torre Università di Siena Soania Fossi Università di Siena Andrea Giovani Università di Siena Cristiana Guerranti Università di Siena Arianna Lobianco Università di Siena Michela Mariottini Università di Siena Guido Perra Università di Siena Milvia Bruschi Polo Universitario Grossetano Giovanna Bove Polo Universitario Grossetano Mauro Lenzi LEALab (OPL srl), Orbetello Sabrina Mandragora Proloco lagunare di Orbetello

SEGRETERIA ORGANIZZATIVA Università degli Studi di Siena Servizio Congressi Banchi di Sopra, 55 Tel. 0577232130/1/2 Fax. 0577232134

Volume a cura di Davide Baroni, Francesca Cossu, Marinella Graziosi, Cristiana Guerranti, Arianna Lobianco, Michela Mariottini, Linda Morgese, Guido Perra, Monia Renzi, Valerio Volpi.


Conservazione, valorizzazione e ripristino ambientale in ecosistemi di transizione

Le aree di transizione sono ambienti ad elevata resilienza, mutevoli e dinamici nei popola-menti; se paragonati ai vicini ecosistemi marino-costieri ed alle acque dolci continentali mo-strano una biodiversità strutturalmente più bassa ma presentano una elevata produzione a tutti i livelli trofici. Proprio queste caratteristiche determinano il notevole interesse ecologico ed economico nei confronti di questi sistemi. Durante il secolo scorso lo sviluppo di attività in-dustriali, agricole, turistiche associate all'incremento demografico delle aree costiere, hanno determinato un crescente impatto su queste aree, inducendo lo sviluppo di condizioni eutrofi-che o ipertrofiche ed un notevole accumulo di contaminanti ambientali, con ripercussioni, a vari livelli, sulla biodiversità e sulla produttività ittica. Attualmente, la consapevolezza della necessità di tutelare il patrimonio rappresentato da questi sistemi, favorita anche da interventi Comunitari a favore della loro conservazione, ha portato anche a livello nazionale, alla pro-grammazione, da parte delle Amministrazioni pubbliche competenti, di interventi finalizzati alla conservazione, valorizzazione ed al risanamento.

In questa ottica, la conoscenza delle dinamiche complesse che regolano la funzionalità ecolo-gica di questi sistemi è un presupposto indispensabile per il supporto delle attività gestionali da parte degli Enti decisori. Questo convegno ha come obiettivo la diffusione delle conoscen-ze scientifiche attuali sulle dinamiche generali dei sistemi di transizione, la focalizzazione degli strumenti tecnico-scientifici attualmente a disposizione per la valutazione del loro stato qualitativo generale, l'implementazione degli strumenti biologici e delle strategie ecologiche di intervento per la valorizzazione, la conservazione, il risanamento e la gestione delle aree di transizione nello sforzo di riportarle verso gli alti livelli produttivi e i più alti livelli di biodi-versità possibili, compatibilmente con le loro peculiarità strutturali. Il convegno si propone anche come momento di dibattito e confronto sulle modalità di integrazione della conoscenza scientifica con le realtà produttive del territorio, con le strutture adibite alla formazione e sen-sibilizzazione culturale nei confronti delle problematiche di questi sistemi e sull'efficacia di percorsi didattici nella sensibilizzazione e formazione scientifica delle giovani generazioni.


TOPICS

• Gestione, conservazione e recupero degli ecosistemi di transizione

• Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari

• Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua

(2000/60/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione4)Educazione scientifica, didattica e di-

vulgazione


COMUNICAZIONI


SESSIONE 1

Gestione, conservazione e recupero degli ecosistemi di transizione


8

MARINE SEAGRASSES AS VALUABLE COMMUNITIES AND INDI-CATORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CURIEL D.1, A. RISMONDO1, G. CANIGLIA2, C. DABALÀ3 1 SELC Coop. Soc. Marghera, Venezia 2 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova. 3 CORILA, Venezia Corresponding author: Curiel D. e-mail: [email protected] Marine seagrasses have been included, since the beginning of the monitoring program to ver-ify the possible effects to the ecosystem of the Venice Lagoon Mobile Gates workyards, in the number of biotic communities to control. The monitoring plan, set by CORILA for Magistrato alle Acque di Venezia (the Venice Wa-ter Authority), included annual mapping of submerged vegetation and seasonal sampling on a net of potentially affected stations. So, bed contours, retreat or colonization, coverage dynam-ics were added to growth and density surveys on a total of 18 stations covered by Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina and Nanozostera noltii. Epiphytes measurements on the leaves of seagrasses completed the controls of the different monitored areas, compared to a previous state, referred to ante operam conditions. Concerning seagrass distribution, coverage and specific presence, no substantial variation were verified between 2003 ante operam condition and present measurements. Some ob-served modifications, possibly connected to the workyards, have been studied and analysed in the light of the natural biological variability and of the different anthropic pressures existing and acting in the future mobile gates area.

Sessione “Gestione, conservazione e recupero di ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


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VENICE LAGOON AN ECOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IN-TEGRATED MANAGEMENT DALLA RIVA S., CANU D. M., CAMPOSTRINI P., ROSSETTO L., PASTRES R., SOLIDORO C. CORILA, Consorzio per la Gestione del Centro di Coordinamento delle Attività di Ricerca Inerenti il Sistema Lagunare di Venezia, Italia Corresponding author: Dalla Riva S. e-mail: [email protected] SPICOSA is an EU-Integrated Project of the VI FP, which focuses on developing a self evolving, holistic research approach for integrated assessment of Coastal Zone Management throughout Europe. A System Approach Framework (SAF) developed in SPICOSA, will be implemented to ex-plore the dynamics of Coastal Zone Systems and the potential consequences of alternative policy scenarios, in 18 selected coastal Study Sites, distribute all over the European coastline. The SAF is intended to balance among Ecological, Social and Economic sectors of Coastal System, using a SAF Portfolio consisting of generic assessment methodologies, specific tools, models and new knowledge useful for ICZM. Venice Lagoon System, is one of the 18 Study Sites and will apply the SAF on the controver-sial and complex policy issue of the shellfish (Manila clam, Tapes philippinarum) fishery management. The main aim pursuing SPICOSA approach is to evaluate responses of different fishing sce-narios on selected environmental, economic and social indicators. On this purpose, besides research activity based on data analysis and modeling, meetings with stakeholders have been undertaken, in order to get knowledge on the ongoing clam fi-shery practices, and inform them about the project and the output tools that will be devel-oped. The final evaluation will be synthesized by using an integrated ESE (env. soc. econ.) indicator. It will contribute to develop a decision support tool to transfer scientific products to the policy decision-makers. Sessione “Gestione, conservazione e recupero di ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


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BIDIMENSIONAL TROPHIC INDEX FOR THE ORBETELLO LA-GOON ECOSYSTEM GIUSTI E.1, MARSILI-LIBELLI S.1, RENZI M.2,3, FOCARDI S. E.2,3 1 Dipartimento di sistemi ed informatica, Università degli studi di Firenze 2 Centro Ricerche Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquacoltura, Polo Universitario Grossetano 3 Dipartimento di scienze ambientali, Università degli Studi di Siena Corresponding author: Giusti E. e-mail: [email protected] This paper presents a bidimensional index for assessing trophic status and water quality in the Orbetello lagoon. Vollenweider et al. (1998) developed a trophic index (TRIX) which inte-grates oxygen saturation, phytoplankton chlorophyll- a, nitrogen and phosphorus concentra-tions to assess and classify the trophic state of a whole aquatic ecosystem such as coastal ma-rine waters and coastal lagoons. In the present study, we implemented a TRIX index that is calculated in a 2D spatial context. The original model (Giusti and Marsili-Libelli,2005; Giusti and Marsili-Libelli , 2006; Giusti and Marsili-Libelli, 2009) describe the evolution in time and space of the nutrient and submerged vegetation and supplies all the variables to estimate the TRIX index except the concentration of Chlorophyll-a. The model (Giusti and Marsili-Libelli, 2005; Giusti and Marsili-Libelli, 2006; Giusti and Marsili-Libelli, 2009) use a regular 100 x 100 m grid and operate as two interlocked modules, an hydrodynamic model generates the velocity fields and an ecological model where each cell contains the kinetics of nutrients, DO dynamics and their interactions with the submerged vegetation . The concentration of Chlorophyll-a in the lagoon was given from the spatial distribution of primary production: Macroalgae, Macrophytes and Phytoplankton. To limit the Orbetello model complexity, a simply fuzzy model of phytoplankton was introduced. To represent the phytoplankton, four input variables for the fuzzy model were found: dissolved oxygen (mg O2 L-1), temperature (°C), solar radiation (Wm-2) and a function of eutrophication. The new phytoplankton model were tested and calibrated using a monitoring campaign presented in Specchiulli et al., 2008. Several scenarios have been evaluated with a bidimensional trophic index such as nutrient in-crease, new point of pollution discharge and new macroalgae harvesting policy. Giusti E., Marsili-Libelli S.. Modelling the interactions between nutrients and the submersed vegetation in the Orbetello Lagoon. Ecological Modelling 184: 141 - 161 (2005). Giusti E., Marsili-Libelli S. An integrated model for the Orbetello lagoon ecosystem. Ecolog-ical Modelling 196: 379 - 394 (2006). Giusti E., Marsili-Libelli S. Spatio-temporal dissolved oxygen dynamics in the Orbetello la-goon by fuzzy pattern recognition. Ecological Modelling, Article in press (2009a). Sessione “Gestione, conservazione e recupero di ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


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REMEDIATION AND MANAGEMENT OF EUTROPHIC LAGOON ENVIRONMENTS: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH LENZI M. Lagoon Ecology and Aquaculture Laboratory (LEALab), OPL s.r.l., via G. Leopardi 9, 58015 Orbe-tello, Italy Corresponding author: Lenzi M. e-mail: [email protected] Remediation of lagoons and transition areas in general has usually meant reclamation of un-healthy wetlands, creating new land for agriculture. An engineering approach persisted for a long time in Italy, even when it was not a question of draining or filling. Solutions usually consist of digging channels, filling, building concrete banks and pumping water. Rarely and only recently have public administrators turned to biologists, who have not worked independ-ently but left engineers in command of remediation projects. The attempts to restore Orbe-tello lagoon in the last 15 years have given biologists a more important role, but the remedia-tion approach is still prevalently an engineering one. The solutions used in the remediation of Orbetello lagoon, a densely settled area, were: 1) harvesting of macroalgal masses using spe-cial boats; 2) directing urban effluent into a single large water-treatment system that dis-charges offshore; 3) reducing nutrients of fish-farm wastewater through phyto-treatment ponds or direct discharge into the sea; 4) excavating submerged channels in the lagoon and installation of pumps where the lagoon joins the sea to improve water turnover, especially in summer. The effects of these measures on various ecosystem components were analyzed and found to contribute to successful remediation with abundant return of marine angiosperms. However, as the measures must be consistently applied, they are onerous for the community and involve logistic difficulties which do not always permit prompt actuation. Continuing nu-trient input and the trophic potential of the sediment still sustain the blooms of pleustophytic macroalgae. Here we consider some possible solutions for lagoon remediation, taking into account the ecosystem level at which they act, their impact, and logistic as well as manage-ment aspects that enable or prevent their actuation. Two solutions, at two ecosystem levels, are proposed; they can be applied to any eutrophic basin with similar characteristics: 1) intro-duction of low trophic-level fish into the lagoon and phyto-treatment ponds, to reduce pri-mary production directly in the lagoon and from the main sources; and 2) disturbance and re-suspension of superficial lagoon sediment to trigger oxidative mineralization. Sediment re-suspension also increases sediment redox, blocking sulphate-reducing bacterial activity and reducing availability of orthophosphates to macroalgae through bonding with ferric oxy-hydroxides, clays and carbonate detritus. In support of these solutions, we provide an analysis of lagoon fish production in the last 50 years as well as results of recent experimental studies on sediment resuspension conducted in Orbetello lagoon and the nearby coastal lake of Bu-rano. Sessione “Gestione, conservazione e recupero di ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


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NAPHTHALENE-DEGRADING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM POL-LUTED SEDIMENTS OF THE ORBETELLO LAGOON, ITALY, AND THEIR USE IN BIOREMEDIATION PROCESSES LOBIANCO A.1, PEPI M.1,2, RENZI M.1,2, PERRA G.1, BERNARDINI E.1, GASPERINI S.3, FOCARDI S.E.1,2

1 Dipartimento di scienze Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Siena 2 Centro Ricerche di Ecologia Lagunare pesca ed acquacoltura, Polo Universitario Grossetano 3 Centro servizi della facoltà di Scienze, Università degli Studi di Siena Corresponding author: Pepi M. e-mail: [email protected] Lagoons represent a buffer zone between terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are frequently subject to anthropogenic pollution resulting from urbanization and industrialization. The Or-betello Lagoon, Italy, is an example of such ecosystem; it is located in an urbanized area which was previously highly industrialized and was therefore subjected to the input of vari-ous pollutants. The biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been studied intensively and many bacterial strains have been isolated for their ability to use dif-ferent PAHs as a source of carbon and energy. Two bacterial strains were isolated in the presence of naphthalene as the sole carbon and energy source from sediments of the Orbetello Lagoon. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the two isolates assigned the strains to the ge-nera Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas sp. ORNaP2 showed a higher tolerance to benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene than Paenibacillus sp. ORNaP1. The toxicity of heavy metals potentially present as co-pollutants in the investigated site was tested. Here, strain Paenibacillus sp. ORNaP1 showed a higher tolerance towards arsenic, cadmium, and lead, whereas it was far more sensitive towards mercury than strain Pseudomonas sp. ORNaP2. These differences between the Gram-negative Pseudomonas and the Gram-positive Paeniba-cillus strain can be explained by different general adaptive response systems present in the two bacteria, suggesting their use in bioremediation processes.



13

LAGOON OF MARANO LAGUNARE AND GRADO: THE EMER-GENCY IN PROGRESS. MENCHINI G. Commissario Delegato per l’emergenza nella laguna di Marano e Grado Corresponding author: Menchini G. e-mail: [email protected] The lagoon of Marano and Grado covers an area of about 16.000 ha, with a length of 32 km and 5 km of width. It is an important ecological system and thanks to its position it plays a crucial role for freight traffic, ship traffic, fish and aquaculture, pleasure navigation crafts, tourism industry. The lagoon of Marano and Grado is one of the most important wetland area of the High Adri-atic Sea, included in areas listed in the Ramsar International Agreement of 2 February 1971, and identified also as Communitary Importance Site (SIC) and Special Protection Zone by Decree of the Ministry of the Evironment of 3rd of April 2000. A part of the lagoon is one of the polluted sites of national interest (SIN). This site has been defined by the Ministerial Decree 468/01 and the Ministerial Decree of 24 February 2003, as an area that must be submitted to interventions of characterizations, emergency safety meas-ures, restoration, rehabilitation plans and monitoring activity. The writ of the Ministry of the Interior nr. 3217, dated on the 3rd of June of 2002, appointed a Commissioner for the Lagoon, delegate to manage the surface area for the socio-economic and environmental emergency, in force of the Decree of the Prime Minister (D.P.C.M.) dated on 3rd of May 2002, that established the emergency in the lagoon area due to its high level of sanitary and environmental risk (mainly deterioration of water and high concentration of mercury in the sediments). The duties of the ‘in charge’ Commissioner, as reported from the Writ and its implementa-tions and integrations are:

- characterization, emergency safety measures, land reclamation of polluted sites; - application to the drainage basin in lagoon of the agri-environmental measures

adopted by Friuli Venezia Giulia Region and reduction of the incoming pollutants; - restoration of ecological connectivity among protected areas, whereas it is interrupted

or compromised and monitoring activity; - development of phanerogams that has a positive role in the ecological and environ-

mental quality system of the lagoon; - perform dredging to ensure the safety navigations of the lagoon sites providing also to

operations of restoration and treatment of the sediments dredged; - launch of epidemiological research study to prove and improve the integrated health

risk-assessment of long-term, low-level environmental exposure to heavy metals via food among residents in the interested area and start up of socio-economic monitor-ing;

- provide to respect the emanations of the Judicial authority in the area of the Caffaro S.p.a plant, attending operations of emergency safety measures, restoration and land reclamation of pointed areas and superficial and underground water degraded by mercury.

The speech gives a pictures of the present situation and the actual concerns. Moreover it gives some outputs of the strategic plan and a brief description of the activity in progress. Sessione “Gestione, conservazione e recupero di ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


14

PLANNING AND RESTORATION OF COASTAL LANDSCAPES: A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE VENICE LAGOON WITHIN THE VENETO REGION PATASSINI D., ZAMPIERI L., GISSI E., MOSCA L., ORLANDIN E. Università Iuav di Venezia, Facoltà di Pianificazione, Facoltà di Architettura Corresponding author: Patassini D. e-mail: [email protected] The study of the Venice lagoon coastal system requires a multidisciplinary approach which operates through a permanent interchange between planning practices, protection and design at different scales. The aim of the present research is to assess scenarios based on the interaction of the tide regulatory interventions, the complex governmental framework and strategies of actors and stakeholders which operate within the legal, human and natural environment of the Lagoon. The research focuses on issues coming from interactions among landscape design, tourism development and environmental compatibility of the Venice Lagoon. The coastal areas are considered in continuity within the coastal system of Veneto Region, taken as interface be-tween the Lagoon and the Adriatic Sea. Landscape design, according to the statutes which have recently been defined at European and national level, seems to be a suitable instrument to face the complexity of the selected scenarios. The outcomes will refer to the ongoing large-scale projects and the implementation of plans and programs. The present research is part of the M.A.V. (Magistrato alle Acque di Venezia, Venice Water Authority) study program developed through the CO.RI.LA (Consortium for Coordination of Research Activities Concerning the Venice Lagoon System) titled “The Venice Lagoon under the climate change framework, with respect to actions of mitigation and adaptation, and to territorial practices evolution”, line of inquiry n° 7, “Planning and restoration of the areas fac-ing the Venice Lagoon inlets concerned by the tide regulation interventions”. Sessione “Gestione, conservazione e recupero di ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


15

DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL AND SOFTWARE ASSISTED MODEL INTEGRATING CHEMICAL DATA, BIOAVAILABILITY, BIOMARKERS AND LABORATORY BIOASSAYS INTO A WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE APPROACH. REGOLI F.1, CIAPRINI F.2, PIVA F.1, ONORATI F.2, AUSILI A.2, GIULIETTI M.1, BENEDETTI M.1, FAT-TORINI D.1, GORBI S.1, NOTTI A.1, SARTI F.3

1 Istituto di Biologia e Genetica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 2 ISPRA (ex-ICRAM), Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Roma 3 Capitaneria di Porto di Ancona, Ancona Corresponding author: Regoli F. e-mail: [email protected] The assessment of environmental quality and management criteria require a multidiscipli-nary, weight of evidence (WOE) approach integrating different lines of evidence (LOE), among the more appropriate to the investigated situation. The chemical characterization by itself does not provide information on the bioavailability of contaminants to biota and it should thus be integrated with measurements of bioaccumulation and biological response which, through both laboratory and/or field investigations, can reveal bioavailability, sublethal (i.e. biomarkers), toxic (i.e. bioassays) and ecological (i.e. popula-tion or community) effects of environmental pollutants. In this respect, the main objective of the present work was the development of a conceptual and software-assisted model for sedi-ment quality assessment, considering various LOE which included sediment chemistry evaluation, assessment of bioavailability, sublethal effects measured though a multi-biomarkers approach at molecular to cellular levels, toxicological properties summarized from the application of batteries of ecotoxicological laboratory tests. Specific algorithms were developed to summarize data from each LOE in synthetic indices which were further in-tegrated for an overall evaluation of sediment quality. The model was validated in various environmental condition, confirming the utility of WOE approach to characterize biological impact and potential risks arising from contaminants.



16

FIFTEEN YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES IN THE ORBE-TELLO LAGOON: PRINCIPAL RESULTS AND FUTURE PERSPEC-TIVES RENZI M.1,2, GUERRANTI C.1, MARIOTTINI M.1, PERRA G.1, GIOVANI A.1, LOBIANCO A.1, MARI E.2, PEPI M.1,2, CORSI I.1, FOCARDI S.E.1,2

1 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali “G. Sarfatti”, Università degli studi di Siena. 2 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitari Grossetano Corresponding author: Renzi M. e-mail: [email protected] The Orbetello lagoon (Ramsar Site, Tuscany, Italy) during the latest thirty years was threat-ened both by the increasing eutrophication and chemical pollution due to the presence of in-dustrial, agricultural and urban activities. In this ecosystem we performed researches final-ized to improve general knowledge concerning: eutrophication dynamics, development of ecological indices, patterns of chemical pollution and temporal trends in abiotic matrices, bioaccumulation and biomarker responses in both target and commercial species (fish) and ecotoxicological risk assessment of lagoon ecosystem. The present report summarized 15 years of research performed in the lagoon and formulates new perspectives for future studies in lagoon ecosystems.



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ALTERED LOADINGS AND NUTRIENT STOICHIOMETRY IN REGULATED RIVERS: POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON COASTAL LA-GOONS VIAROLI P., AZZONI R., BARTOLI M., GIORDANI G., NALDI M., NIZZOLI D., PIEROBON E.

Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università di Parma Corresponding author: Viaroli P. e-mail: [email protected] In the regulated and/or heavily exploited rivers, frequent summer drought and flood can in-duce significant changes in both timing and amount of water discharge. In turn, changing hydrological conditions are responsible of altered delivery of nutrients, nutrient speciation and stoichiometry. Examples are given by both continental and Mediterranean rivers, whose effects on transitional coastal zones are of growing concern. Data from the gauging station of the closing section of the Po river are also discussed in relation to water quality and trophic status of the Po delta lagoons. Here, in dry years, 30-40% of TP loading is delivered in less than two months by flash-flood events. Up to 90% of TP is in the suspended particulate frac-tion, of which 50% is organic, 25% is as insoluble Ca-bound and only a small fraction is in the exchangeable pool. Nitrogen loadings are not related to floods, and are delivered mainly as dissolved nitrate. The potential impacts of composition and timing of the P and N loadings in coastal lagoons has been assessed with algal assays with the green seaweed Ulva sp. Pre-liminary experiments showed that only a small fraction of TP is promptly available for macroalgal growth. P and N availability was also evaluated considering the saline wedge and the inherent changes in salinity which can potentially influence P and N speciation. Such P and N patterns, along with modification of silica cycling pose new challenges for studying transitional water ecosystems.



SESSIONE 2

Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari


20

LINKING TRAITS TO SPECIES LEVEL RESPONSE TO A PULSE STRESS EVENT IN TRANSITIONAL WATERS: THE DYSTROPHIC CRISIS OF LESINA LAGOON BARBONE E.1, ROSATI I.1, BIANCO A.1, MELISSANO C.1, FLORIO M.2, SCIROCCO T.2, SPECCHIULLI A.2, CILENTI L.2, BREBER P.2, BASSET A.1.

1 Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento 2 National Research Council, Institute of Marine Science,Department of Lesina Corresponding author: Barbone E. e-mail: [email protected] Benthic macro-invertebrates represent a key component on Mediterranean lagoon ecosystems being the group of species whose life cycle and behavioural patterns fits are more exposed to the abiotic variability characteristic of these ecosystems. Here we describe the results of a field experiment carried out during the dystrophic crisis affecting Lesina lagoon in summer 2008. Benthic macro-invertebrate guilds were studied at weekly interval in two stations diffe-rently exposed to the crisis. Seasonal data on the same stations were also collected. The aim of the study was to evaluate the resistance and resilience components of structural and func-tional metrics of macro-invertebrate guilds, where body size structure and trophic groups were considered as functional metrics. Dystrophic crisis determined significant changes in all metrics considered: taxonomic richness decreased, species composition changed, func-tional richness decreased and size distribution widths decreased in the area affected by the crisis with respect to the control, unaffected, area. In the station inside the crisis area, only more opportunistic species (e.g., Chironomus salinarius, Hydrobia ventrosa) were able to outstand the anoxic conditions characterizing the dystrophic crisis. However, the time lag of the response, its amplitude and the recovery times vary greatly among taxonomic, functional and size structure descriptors of benthic macro-invertebrate guilds. The trajectories of change for everyone of these descriptor along the spatial and temporal gradients set by the dystrophic crisis are analysed and discussed. The overall data set seems to indicate that functional res-ponses, including the metabolic based ones, are faster and more consistent than those shown by the taxonomic components, suggesting that a niche filtering process on functional traits is a driving force in the organization of macro-invertebrate guilds in Mediterranean lagoon eco-systems. Sessione “Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


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LEAF DETRITUS COLONIZATION IN PATCHY ENVIRONMENT: THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF DETRITUS-BASED COMMUNITIES IN TARQUINIA SALTERN BELLISARIO B., CERFOLLI F., NASCETTI G.

Dipartimento di Ecologia e Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (DECOS) Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo Corresponding author: Bellisario B. e-mail: [email protected] The effect of spatial structure on the persistence and robustness of detritus-based communi-ties can give useful insights about its influence on migration, colonization, distribution and persistence of macrodetritivores and their predators. Therefore, the way in which taxa tend to aggregate in space can help our understanding of functional decomposition process. The study area is the Tarquinia saltern, whose spatial network is composed by 36 pools cha-racterized by a wide salinity gradient. Here we applied the framework of network analysis to the spatial distribution of macroinver-tebrates (prey and predator taxa) on Phragmites australis leaf detritus in patchy environment, analyzing the colonization process by leaf pack procedures. Results showed a clear subdivision of the spatial structure in three major subgroups maximiz-ing the number of within associations between taxa and pools, and minimizing the number of association among different groups of nodes. This feature, together with the distribution of links per nodes, confers to the spatial network of Tarquinia saltern robustness against random perturbations but a high sensitivity to non-random events. The use of network approach revealed how the spatial assembly of taxa is constrained by the ecological characteristic of the sites given by their spatial location, yielding valuable insight for nature conservation and ecosystem management. Sessione “Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


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TROPHIC STATE OF THE PO RIVER DELTA LAGOONS (VENETO AREA, ITALY) FACCA C., SFRISO A., CEOLDO S.

Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università di Venezia Corresponding author: Facca C. e-mail: [email protected] Water samples were collected in 17 sites distributed in the Veneto lagoons of the Po river del-ta system in May and October 2008, in order to determine nutrient and chlorophyll a concen-trations. In May 2008 the lagoons were mainly characterized by mesotrophic conditions: reactive phosphorus was, on average, 0.38±0.23 µM (exceeding the law imperative value, 0.8 µM, in just one station at Sacca di Scardovari) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen was 15.9±7.84 µM (exceeding the law imperative value, 25 µM, at Vallona and Canarin basins). Chlorophyll a varied between 0.60 and 21.0 µg/l (mean value 6.25±5.08 µg/l). In October 2008, on the contrary, the nutrient concentrations were significantly higher, displaying heavy eutrophic condition. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen exceeded the law imperative value in all the considered areas (mean value 32.2±12.8 µM) except for Sacca di Scardovari (mean value 21.9±2.09 µM ), but the most surprising result was the high phosphorus concentrations be-tween 13.3 and 24.9 µM in Canarin lagoon and Sacca di Scardovari. Such a high enrichment might be explained by the agriculture discharges, as the early autumn is the fertilization pe-riod. However, such concentrations were not recorded in the areas on the northern side of the delta, where the values were < 0.56 µM and the nutrient inputs appeared less significant. The autumn chlorophyll a concentrations ranged between 0.90 and 7.61 µg/l (mean value 3.29±1.82 µg/l).

Sessione “Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


23

RECENT CHANGES OF MACROPHYTES DISTRIBUTION IN THE ORBETELLO LAGOON (TUSCANY, CENTRAL ITALY) GIOVANI A.1, MARI E.2, SPECCHIULLI A. 3, CILENTI L.3, SCIROCCO T. 3, FLORIO M. 3, BREBER P.3, RENZI M.1,2, FOCARDI S.E.1,2

1 Department of Environmental Science “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Italy. 2 Research Centre in Lagoon ecology, fishery and aquaculture (Ecolab) Polo Universitario Grosse-

tano, University of Siena, Orbetello (GR), Italy. 3 National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science, Department of Lesina (FG), Italy. Corresponding author: Giovani A e-mail: [email protected] In transitional ecosystems, both the distribution and the association of macrophytes could be used as indices of the ecological level. In the Orbetello lagoon we evaluated the macrophytes distribution and the relative dominances of major species relating observed trends to the har-vesting boat activities and to the management strategies adopted to improve general circula-tion. In summer 2003 and 2009 we performed samplings in above 50 geo-referenced stations widespread inside both lagoon basins. Field activities were performed according to the meth-odological procedures proposed by Blanquet (1964) and modified by Pignatti (1953). Col-lected data were statistically analysed performing geo-referenced distribution maps of each specie applying the ordinary kriging techniques using the software Surfer 7.0. Obtained re-sults evidenced a general expansion of the Phanerogams meadows and in particular of the specie Cymodocea nodosa throughout the lagoon basin with significant changes also in the macroalgae assessments. Observed changes were also significantly related to the harvesting activities.



25

RELATING BODY CONDITION INDICES TO ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES AND STRESSORS IN BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES OF TRANSITIONAL WATERS PINNA M., ROSATI I., BARBONE E., SANGIORGIO F., MANCINELLI G., BASSET A. Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Ambientali e Tecnologiche, Laboratorio di Ecologia, Università degli studi del Salento, Lecce Corresponding author: Pinna M. e-mail: [email protected] The physiological status of animals is potentially related to their evolutionary fitness and its implications are extended to many levels of the ecological organization. Assessments of physiological status with tests of stamina or measurements of fat content can be difficult to achieve being overly time-consuming and fatal. An easier estimation of physiological status can be obtained calculating body condition indices (BCIs); these require morphometric measures of animals. Relations between BCIs and ecological parameters, such as reproduc-tive investment, survivorship and resource availability, have already been observed in aquatic and terrestrial populations. Animal health is an indicator of foraging success, competitive ability and ability to cope with environmental pressures. The literature is rich of studies car-ried out in laboratory on freshwater populations, but very few is known on relations between BCIs and environmental stressors in transitional waters. Since BCIs have all characteristics to be used as ecological indicators, we investigated the influence of abiotic and biotic features (lagoon size, temperature, taxonomic and body size guild structure) and stressors (salinity gradient and eutrophication) on BCIs of transitional water macroinvertebrates. The research was carried out on the most abundant and space-time widely distributed macroinvertebrate species of 14 transitional waters in Adriatic, Aegean and Black Sea seas, using box corer and leaf pack to collect animals. More than 100,000 macroinvertebrates were collected, identi-fied, measured, dried, weighted; ash content was separated by dry weight obtaining the bio-mass. The obtained results show that BCIs respond significantly to selected abiotic and biotic features and stressors. The mechanism of community organization, competitive pressures and filtering seem to be key ecological processes on BCIs values, determining the resource avail-ability for individuals and populations in transitional waters. Sessione “Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


26

FLUCTUATIONS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN SEDIMENTS AND OVERLAYING WATER DURING AN ANOXIC EVENT: A CASE STUDY FROM LESINA LAGOON, ITALY SPECCHIULLI A.1, D’ADAMO R.1, RENZI M.2, FABBROCINI A.1, SCIROCCO T.1, FLORIO M.1, CILENTI L.1, BREBER P.1, FOCARDI S.E.3, VIGNES F.4 , BASSET A.4

1 Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Lesina 2 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-tano 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali “G. Sarfatti”, Università degli studi di Siena 4 Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Ambientali e Tecnologiche, Laboratorio di Ecologia, Università degli studi del Salento, Lecce Corresponding author: Specchiulli A. e-mail: [email protected] The results presented in this work are related to an anoxic event occurred in Lesina lagoon (SE Italy) in summer 2008. The main aim is to describe the temporal dynamics of physico-chemical characteristics of both sediment and overlaying water inside and outside the critical area. Nine sampling campaigns were carried out on a weekly basis. At each occasion T, S, pH, DO, nutrients and chl a were measured in water and TOC, TN, TP, TFe and ORP were performed on superficial sediments. Multivariate analysis was used in order to evaluate dif-ferences between inner and outer sites and assess the relationships between sediments and overlaying water. The factor “location” was significant for the observed physicochemical dif-ferences, as also tested by Anosim test one-way which supported evident differences in sedi-ments (R = 0.599, p = 0.01%) and water (R = 0.381, p = 0.01%) between inner and outer sites. Wide fluctuations of oxygen and chlorophyll a were observed in the sites located within the anoxic area, with a peak of biomass of 180 µg.L-1 followed by saturation of oxygen higher than 100%. PCA analysis on sediment variables indicated a clear separation between inner and outer sites along the first axis (PC1) strongly associated with TOC, TN and ORP. A rela-tionship between the content of TP in sediments and TP in water, followed by a phytoplank-tonic bloom, was observed and confirmed by statistical correlation methods based on Spear-man rank (Rho = 0,569, significance level of 0.01%).



27

DYNAMICS OF PHYTOPLANKTON GUILDS UNDER DYSTROPHIC PRESSURES IN LESINA LAGOON VADRUCCI M.R.1, FIOCCA A.1, VIGNES F.1, FABBROCINI A.2, ROSELLI L.2, D’ADAMO R.2, UNGARO N.3, BASSET A.1

1 Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Ambientali e Tecnologiche, Laboratorio di Ecologia, Università degli studi del Salento, Lecce 2 Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Lesina 3 A.R.P.A Puglia, Bari Corresponding author: Vadrucci M. R. e-mail: [email protected] We analyzed the dynamic of phytoplankton guild during an dystrophic crisis observed in an area of Lesina Lagoon from July to September 2008. A weekly scale, patterns of variation of phytoplankton biomass (as Chla), numerical abundance, species richness, diversity, taxo-nomic and size structure were compared in two stations: one within the area affected by the crisis (AT2 station) and one outside, as control (AT3 station). Phytoplankton biomass and cell abundance varied significantly between sampling stations and sampling times. Biomass was on average about 80 time higher in AT2 than AT3 station, with peaks of 180,67±22,12 mgChla/m3 (8 July) and 134,05±47,26 mgChla/m3 (5, September). Cell density was on aver-age about 28 times higher in AT2 station, with values always higher than 20*106 cell/l. Species richness and diversity did not varied significantly between stations and not show a trend with the evolution of anoxic crisis. The taxonomic composition is similar in the two sta-tions (taxonomic similarity among stations was 76,04), even if the relative abundance of spe-cies was significantly different. As regard size structure, in the AT2 station, microphytoplankton dominates at beginning of biomass bloom (dominant taxa: Thalassiosiracee, average weight (AW) 163,51 pgC), whereas from the end of July until September and at AT3 station nanophytoplankton was the dominant fraction (dominant taxa: until the middle of August: Algae indet AW 3,14, follow Navicula sp. AW 2,50 pgC). Sessione “Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


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SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DYSTROPHIC CRISIS IN LESINA LAGOON DURING SUMMER 2008. FABIO VIGNES1, ENRICO BARBONE1, PAOLO BREBER2 , RAFFAELE D’ADAMO2, NICOLA UNGA-RO3, SILVIA FOCARDI4, MONIA RENZI5, ALBERTO BASSET1

1Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce 2CNR ISMAR, Lesina 71010 Foggia 3 A.R.P.A Puglia, Bari 4 Department of Chemical and Biosystems Sciences, University of Siena, Italy 5 Research Centre in Lagoon ecology, fishery and aquaculture (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grossetano, University of Siena, Orbetello (GR), Italy Abstract Mediterranean lagoons, being shallow and very productive area, are naturally exposed to anoxic and dystrophic events during the summer period of high temperature and reduced wa-ter exchange. Urban, agricultural and industrial nutrient load act as facilitating factors for the dystrophic events. During summer 2008 the North-Western part of the Lesina lagoon was af-fected by a dystrophic crisis lasting several weeks. During the same period a group of labora-tories of the University of Salento, CNR-ISMAR of Lesina and ARPA Puglia, that were in-volved in a monitoring activity on the ecological status of the lagoon, had the opportunity to follow the entire events with weekly observations of many abiotic and biotic parameters. Here, we describe the dystrophic event focusing on the spatial and temporal dynamics of the crisis as well as on both some potential drivers and the most commonly used chemical-physical markers. The dystrophic crisis involved rapidly an area up to 4 Km2 as shown by a satellite images analysis, with a slower decrease at the end of August 2008. A general chemical-physical analysis is reported. An analysis of the main meteorological factors during the event com-pared with the data of the past 4 years showed a strong influence of wind intensity and direc-tions on the dystrophic event probably influencing the mixing dynamic of waters. A compari-son with previous dystrophic events in Lesina lagoon is also presented for a better under-standing of the causes that can arise these dystrophic events. Sessione “Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


29

THE EFFECT OF SEAGRASS LOSS ON MACROZOOBENTHOS COMMUNITY IN A MEDITERRANEAN SEMI-ENCLOSED COASTAL SYSTEM VIZZINI S., MONTI A.M., TRAMATI C., MAZZOLA A.

Dipartimento di Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo Corresponding author: Vizzini S. e-mail: [email protected] Transitional ecosystems are recognized worldwide to be highly fragile to global change, be-cause, due to their low depth, the variations in sea-level, temperature and salinity may result in several effects, such as changes in the structure of communities and in the ecological processes that regulate their functioning. In this study, the effect of the regression of the sea-grass Posidonia oceanica on density, biodiversity and biomass of macrozoobenthos was in-vestigated with special attention to polychaetes in a semi-enclosed coastal system, the Stag-none di Marsala (western Sicily, Italy), where P. oceanica lives at the upper limit of its salini-ty and temperature tolerance and it is interested by marked regression conditions. Sampling was carried out in April 2007 in two sites in the central area of the basin characterised by dif-ferent habitats: P. oceanica and dead matte. Macrozoobenthic organisms were identified at the family level and attributed to trophic groups accordingly to the literature. Biomass was measured exclusively for polychaetes that resulted the most abundant group. Sediment fea-tures in terms of grain-size, organic matter content and biochemical composition were also investigated. The results highlighted a major effect of P. oceanica loss on biomass than on density and family diversity, suggesting that increasing temperature and salinity and conse-quent seagrass loss may have relevant effects on size-related features of macrozoobenthos communities and direct implication on trophic processes and functioning.



SESSIONE 3

Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/60/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione


31

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE AVAILABLE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MACRO-INVERTEBRATES HEALTH: A FIELD TEST ON A DYSTROPHIC CRISIS EVENT BASSET A.1, BARBONE E.1, SABETTA L.1, ROSATI I.1, LONGO E.1, FLORIO M.2, SCIROCCO T.2, SPEC-CHIULLI A.2, CILENTI L.2, BREBER P.2 1 Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento 2 National Research Council, Institute of Marine Science, Department of Lesina Corresponding author: Basset A. e-mail: [email protected] Biomonitoring with benthic macro-invertebrates is a major tool to evaluate ecological status of aquatic ecosystems. Macro-invertebrates represent also a key Biological Quality Element (BQE) for the evaluation of ecological status of all categories of water bodies in the EU Wa-ter Framework Directive (WFD). According to WFD, the evaluation and classification of ecological status is based on the comparison of metric values within the considered aquatic ecosystems with the same metric values in reference ‘pristine’ ecosystems of the same type. This approach is a major problem for the classification of Mediterranean transitional water ecosystems, since in the Mediterranean Ecoregion almost all relevant transitional waters have been used by human societies since centuries; there are not pristine transitional water in the Mediterranean. Here, we test the adequacy of a reciprocal approach, based on the use of ex-tremely polluted conditions, as reference cases. To this aim, following the strong dystrophic crisis that has occurred to a portion of Lesina lagoon during the summer 2008, we have ana-lysed the spatial and temporal patterns of most of the metrics proposed so far to evaluate the status of benthic macro-invertebrate guilds. They involve, simple and complex metrics, tax-onomically based, functionally based and size spectra based, accounting for taxa sensitivity or considering all taxa with the same weight. Globally, more than forty metrics were tested and for the 25th percentile characterized by the highest redundancy and the lowest variability, the patterns of variation between polluted and unpolluted sites and along the temporal scale of the dystrophic crisis are described. The intercalibration of the different metrics and their adequacy to describe the ecological status of transitional waters is discussed. Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


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PHYTOPLANKTON TAXONOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES TO A DYSTROPHIC CRISIS EVENT IN LESINA LAGOON BASSET A.1, VADRUCCI M. R.1, SABETTA L.1, FABBROCINI A.2, ROSELLI L.2, D’ADAMO R.2, UNGA-RO N.3

1 Deptartment of Biological & Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento 2 National Research Council, Institute of Marine Science, Department of Lesina 3 A.R.P.A Puglia, Bari Corresponding author: Basset A e-mail: [email protected] The extent at which species richness and composition describe the structural organization of communities is a key issue in ecology. The occurrence of a certain degree of redundancy and stochastic events have been observed and are known to be relevant under some conditions. Species occurrence within ecosystems is determined by critical functional traits, including in-dividual body size and the related energetics, which also are likely to affect community or-ganization. A deepening of our knowledge on community organization has direct applied im-plications, highlighting the key structural components describing the type and state of organi-zation and, in turn, the level of equilibrium vs non equilibrium conditions. Here, we describe the responses of taxonomic and functional properties of phytoplankton guilds in the Lesina lagoon during an anoxic crisis, in order to address applied implication of phytoplankton community organization in the field of monitoring the ecological status of aquatic ecosys-tems. To this aim, following the strong dystrophic crisis that has occurred to a portion of Le-sina lagoon during the summer 2008, we have analysed the spatial and temporal patterns of most of the metrics proposed so far to evaluate the status of phytoplankton guilds. They in-volve, simple and complex metrics, taxonomically based, functionally based and size spectra based, accounting for taxa sensitivity or considering all taxa with the same weight. The inter-calibration of the different metrics and their adequacy to describe the ecological status of transitional waters is discussed. Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


33

HANDBOOK OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR QUALITY CON-TROL OF WATERS AND SEDIMENTS OF THE LAGOON OF VENICE CAPODAGLIO G.1, CAROLI S.2, CESCON P.1, DI DOMENICO A.2, FRACHE R.3, FUOCO R.4, CAM-POSTRINI P.5, VENIER G.5

1 Ca’ Foscari University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Venice, Italy 2 Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy 3 University of Genoa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Genoa, Italy

4 University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Pisa, Italy 5 Consortium for the Management of the Coordination Centre of Research Activities on the Venice

Lagoon System, Venice, Italy Corresponding author: Venier G. e-mail: [email protected] In recent years a number of legal provisions have been developed to monitor and ameliorate the quality of water and sediments in the lagoon of Venice. The Enviroment and Public Work Ministries Decrees (Ronchi-Costa) were issued over the period 1998-1999 and fix the maximum tolerable concentrations that toxic and ecotoxic substances should not exceed in the waters both of the lagoon and of its drainage basin. The following Decree 367/03 (not limited to the lagoon of Venice) determined further limits on a wider range of substances, both in waters and in sediments. The limits often are in the range of ppb, therefore challeng-ing the analysis capabilities and requiring strict Quality Controls. At these low concentra-tions, different measurements procedures could lead to different results. After the considera-tion of the available methods and applicable procedures a handbook has been published by CORILA, with the support of Regione del Veneto and Magistrato alle Acque di Venezia. In the first part of the handbook two chapters have been devoted to quality control and sam-pling procedures. In the second part, over 160 substances and parameters have been consid-ered, and one or more suitable analytical methods suggested for each of them. The methods are useful, of course, for the environmental assessment in all transitional waters, considering also the application of the most recent DM 56/09.

Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


34

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF AQUACULTURE WASTE WATER ON THE RECEIVING BASIN UNDER THE EU WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE FOR WATER PROTECTION FRANCHI E.1, FERRARA G.2, BIRARDI F.1, VOLTERRANI M.1, MOCENNI C.2 1 Polo Universitario Grossetano s.c.r.l., Grosseto 2 Centro Sistemi Complessi dell’Università degli Studi di Siena Corresponding author: Franchi E. e-mail: [email protected] In this study, we evaluate environmental aspects and possible impacts of waste water from aquaculture on the Orbetello Lagoon according to Article 5 and Annex II of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/CEE). We used a mathematical model developed by Cor-mix®, a specific software for analysis, prediction and graphical representation of discharges. In 2008, we monitored, on a seasonal basis, three fish farms that discharge waste water in the Orbetello Lagoon while the receiving basin was monitored monthly. This data was combined with data previously gathered in 2006 and 2007. Cormix® characterized and predicted con-centration and dilution of the released water, which mainly contains nutrients and organic matter from uneaten food and products of fish metabolism. We simulated some scenarios by changing values of some parameters (flow, outfall location and shape), which might be con-sidered as suggestions for a future waste water management program. The simulations, de-veloped from the data sets for each of the three years, were consistent with each other, indi-cating that this model applies to all the discharge types studied in this research project. In the worst-case scenario, the fish farm waste water impact reaches a distance of 1800 m from the discharge. This distance can be considered acceptable for the Orbetello Lagoon ecosystem, which is 2700 ha wide. The research was financed by the Monte dei Paschi di Siena Founda-tion



35

ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES IN THE VENICE LAGOON: FISH ASSEMBLAGE RESPONSE FRANCO A., RICCATO F., FRANZOI P., TORRICELLI P.

Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia Corresponding author: Franco A. e-mail: [email protected] Like other transitional water environments, the Venice lagoon (Italy) is subjected to several environmental pressures of anthropogenic origin, with a likely impact on the overall ecologi-cal status of the system. Following the Water Framework Directive (WFD, Directive 2000/60/CE), fish assemblages can be used as biological quality element of such a status. Several attributes of the lagoon fish assemblages, either taxonomical and functional were measured on samples obtained during a seasonal survey in 2001-2002 in 4 areas of the la-goon, by using fyke nets. These 4 sampling areas were subjected to a different degree of an-thropogenic disturbance, which was quantified by measuring the multiple human pressures and impacts in the sampling areas. The spatial relationship between the fish assemblage vari-ability and the degree of anthropogenic disturbance was analysed. The area condition, in terms of human pressure and impacts, affected the response of fish assemblage indicators, but the habitat characteristics (e.g. confinement degree, submerged vegetation) significanly influ-enced this relationship. These results were discussed in the light of the environmental vari-ability within transitional water systems, either of natural and of anthropogenic origin. Dis-criminating these two effects, in fact, is of particular importance when attempting at the evaluation of these systems’ ecological status, allowing the distinction of the disturbance sig-nal from the background noise.



36

HYDRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CRITERIA FOR TRANSITIONAL WATERS ZONATION FOLLOWING WFD 2000/60 GUERZONI S.1, GHEZZO M.1, MOLINAROLI E.2, CUCCO A. 3, MAGNI P. 3, DE FALCO G.3 1 CNR - ISMAR, Venezia 2 Università Ca’ Foscari - Dip. Scienze Ambientali, Venezia 3 CNR - IAMC, Oristano Corresponding author: Guerzoni S. e-mail: [email protected] The Water Framework Directive, implemented less than 10 years ago, is now facing prob-lems related to the integration among the four different biological elements (phytoplankton, aquatic flora, benthic invertebrate fauna and fish) and between those and the hydro-morphological and physico-chemical elements supporting the biology. The hydro-morphological elements are principally depth variation, quantity, structure and substrate of the subtidal and intertidal flats. The chemical and physico-chemical elements include trans-parency, thermal and oxygen conditions, salinity and nutrients. Specific pollutants are also considered. In this paper we present examples of classification (sub-types zoning) of complex lagoon systems, like the Lagoon of Venice and Cabras, by using multivariate elaborations of hydro-morphological and physico-chemical elements. Examples will be given of separate and integrated elaboration of hydrological elements, mainly related to water column (e.g., temperature, oxygen, salinity, residence time, currents), and morphological elements, mainly related to bottom sediments (e.g, grain-size, depth, den-sity, TOC, stress). Examples of the role of specific pollutants in sediment will be also pre-sented. The classification process will be helpful for the search of reference conditions and to differ-entiate the anthropogenic stress from the natural physical stress, which is one of the main problems in the application of the WFD. Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


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VEGETATION CYCLIC SHIFT AS RESPONSE TO EUTROPHIC STA-TUS IN LAGOON ENVIRONMENT. AN ASSESSMENT INDEX BASED ON STANDING CROP EVALUATIONS LENZI M1, RENZI M.2,3, PORRELLO S.4, GIOVANI A.2,3, ROFFILLI R.1,2, MARI E.2, PERSIA E.4, GENNARO P.4, FOCARDI S. E.2,3

1 Laboratorio di Ecologia lagunare ed Acquacoltura (LEALab), Orbetello 2 Centro ricerche di ecologia lagunare pesca ed acquacoltura (Ecolab), Polo UniversitarioGrossetano 3 Dipartimento di scienze Ambientali, Università degli studi di Siena 4 Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) Roma Corresponding author: Lenzi M. e-mail: [email protected] Orbetello lagoon (southern Tuscany, Italy) is a meso-eutrophic, shallow-water ecosystem subject to periodic shifts in macrophyte dominance, principally related to ecosystem trophic characteristics. We used multivariate statistics to evaluate standing crop relative dominance and periodic shifts in macrophyte indices from 1983-2008. We tested the significance of ob-served dominances related to the factor “trophic level” (TL, dummy variable range 0-3) to evaluate the discriminating power of tested indices according to TL factor. On the basis of es-timated standing crops (tonnes wet weight) of Chlorophyceae (C) and Rhodophyceae (R), the index C/R was evaluated. On the basis of data collected between 1998 and 2007, a second in-dex of Angiosperm (A) and macroalgae (C+R) standing crops was proposed: A/(C+R). Mul-tivariate analysis was performed using Primer 6.0 (Plymouth) software. Analysis of similari-ties (Anosim) suggested high significance (R=0.406, p=0.1%) related to TL, confirming that eutrophication and dystrophic crises determined different distribution patterns of the indices. Time series analysis showed the same specific multivariate pattern observed during dys-trophic crises. Although A did not show any evident differences related to trophic level, (C+R), C and C/R showed clear increases, and A/(C+R) and R showed lower values during years in which dystrophic events occurred, suggesting that these indices could be used to pre-dict dystrophic crises. Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


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EXOTIC AND EMERGING DISEASES AFFECTING CRUSTACEANS MANFRIN A., BOVO G.

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l’Ittiopatologia Legnaro (PD). Corresponding author: Manfrin A. e-mail: [email protected] Council Directive 2006/88/EC lays down animal health requirements for aquaculture ani-mals, including crustaceans, and products thereof and contains provisions on the prevention and control of certain diseases in aquatic animals. Aim of the Directive is to ensure that placing on the market, movement, import and transit of aquaculture animals should be certi-fied and a minimum control measures should be applied in order to avoid the spread of im-portant diseases. Some of them are exotic (i.e. Yellowhead Disease and Taura Syndrome) or non exotic (i.e. White Spot Disease), but there are also some emerging diseases like Gut Nervous Syndrome that could affect natural stocks or reared animals. It’s very important to know the new EU rules and to inform the farmers about the high level of risk related to import infected animals, as some of these diseases can cause more than 80 % losses.



39

RESPONSES OF BENTHIC INDICATORS IN ITALIAN COASTAL TRANSITIONAL ECOSYSTEMS MISTRI M.1, COMO S.2, KEPPEL E.3, LARDICCI C.4, MAGNI P.5, MUNARI C.1, SIGOVINI M.3, TAGLIAPIETRA D.3, TATARANNI M.4

1 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Italia 2 CNRS-UMR 6250 Littoral, Environnement et Societes, University La Rochelle, France 3 CNR-ISMAR, Venezia, Italia 4 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Italia 5 CNR-IAMC, Oristano, Italia Corresponding author: Mistri M. e-mail: [email protected] Italian coastal transitional ecosystems (CTEs) are ecologically complex systems and therefore the identification of low-cost, routine indicators for description of ecological quality, as re-quested by European Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) is a difficult task. It-aly is among the Member States most behind in Europe with the application of the WFD. No indicator is mentioned in the 152/06 Act, aimed to the application of the WFD in Italy, and methodological flaws are even more evident (as also declared by the Act itself) for CTEs. In this perspective, indices able to provide an efficient and realistic description of ecosystem quality status in CTEs are urgently needed. LaguNet can play a fundamental role in address-ing the most important questions and gaps related to the intercalibration exercise on CTEs. In this preliminary note, we tested the response of three macrobenthic indices (AMBI, M-AMBI and BITS) in hundreds stations from Italian CTEs, from the Northern Adriatic to Sardinia. Our study highlights i) a high correlation between AMBI and BITS results, ii) a high correla-tion between M-AMBI and species’ diversity and richness, iii) that M-AMBI overweights the number of species since in its calculation they are counted twice, iv) that M-AMBI acts as a “diversity-corrected AMBI”, and, thus, v) it suffers of the reduction of species number along the transitional gradient. Further pros and cons of each index are also discussed.



40

THE USE OF APHANIUS FASCIATUS AS SENTINEL ORGANISM TO DETECT COMPLEX GENOTOXIC MIXTURES IN COASTAL LA-GOON ECOSYSTEMS MOSESSO P.1, ANGELETTI D.2, BELLACIMA R.1, CIMMARUTA R.2, NASCETTI G.2, PEPE G.1 1 Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica 2 Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Dipartimento di Ecologia e Sviluppo Sostenibile Corresponding author: Mosesso P. e-mail: [email protected] A general consensus on the need to prevent (or at least reduce) environmental exposures to genotoxic agents correlated with cancerogenetic risk, reproductive damage and other negative effects in different organisms including humans exists. In the aquatic environment the degree of DNA breakage evaluated by Comet assay as a bio-marker of exposure to genotoxic agents (heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, nitro derived mutagenic compounds) generated by antropic activities has been eva-luated in different aquatic organisms. In the present study we assessed the suitability of the cyprinodont fish Aphanius fasciatus, endemic in Mediterranean brackish ecosystems, as a sentinel organism to detect by means of Comet assay complex genotoxic mixtures. For this purpose we exposed in laboratory, under controlled conditions, individuals caught in the saline ponds from Tarquinia (Latium, Italy) to different genotoxic physical and chemical agents with different mechanisms of action (X-rays, camptothecin, restriction enzymes) to generate DNA breakage. This parameter was evaluated in the red blood cells by means of Comet assay. Results obtained indicated clear positive responses for any of the assayed agents, indicating the suitability of A. fasciatus as sentinel organism for biomonitoring purposes in coastal la-goon ecosystems. Furthermore, preliminay results observed on DNA breakage levels in wild fish from saline ponds from Tarquinia and Orbetello lagoon will be discussed.



41

NATURE, ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF POLYCYCLIC ARO-MATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE ORBETELLO LAGOON SEDI-MENTS (TUSCANY, CENTRAL ITALY) PERRA G1, RENZI M.1,2, FOCARDI S.E.1,2 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali “G. Sarfatti”, Università degli studi di Siena 2 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-tano Corresponding author: Perra G. e-mail: [email protected] Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants of marine coastal sediments and brackish water ecosystems. This preliminary work studied the nature, the origin and the dis-tribution of 16 US-EPA PAHs in the Orbetello Lagoon sediments (Tuscany, Central Italy). In spring 2003, 85 sampling stations were equally and randomly distributed in the East and West basins. PAHs were identified and their concentrations measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array and fluorescence detector. The total amount of PAHs (Σ16PAHs) varied from 0.6 to 5448.7 ng*g-1 d.w. (dry weight). The PAH analysis showed a predominance of high molecular weight PAHs in respect to low molecular weight. The amount of carcinogenic PAHs was low. PAHs accumulation in East basin sedi-ment could be related to the presence of clay sediment rich in organic matter. A clear pyro-lytic fingerprint was well evident in the Orbetello Lagoon sediments (Phen/Ant ratio < 10 and Flu/Pyr ratio >1). The presence of pyrolytic PAHs in the lagoon sediments might be related to the presence of the Orbetello town municipal wastewater treatment plants effluents and to rainwater which drains urbanized and industrialized inland soils. The identification of PAHs sources in the Orbetello Lagoon ecosystem could be useful to plan the Σ16PAHs polluted sediments management activities and the restoration strategies. The Σ16PAHs concentrations indicate a low to high PAH pollution level with an heterogeneous distribution in the lagoon. Data showed that the whole lagoon sediments are mainly affected by pyrolytic PAHs. The ΣPAHs normalized georeferenced distribution map for this parameter showed a not clear higher concentration at the municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents. Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


42

IMPLEMENTATION OF BENTHIC MACROPHYTES-BASED INDI-CES IN THE GULF OF CASTELLAMMARE (N/W SICILY) THROUGH GIS AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS INTEGRATION PITITTO F.1, RENZI M.2, GIOVANI A.2, MARI E.2, FLORIO F.1, TORCHIA G.1, GRECO R.1, FOCARDI S.E.2

1 Nautilus Società Cooperativa, Vibo Valentia 2 Dipartimento Scienze Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Siena Corresponding author: Pititto F. e-mail: [email protected] The European Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) establishes a framework in the field of water policy. Among other monitoring actions, WFD provides for the assessment of water quality by the use of bioindicators, an issue in which benthic macrophytes play a very important role. We proposed results obtained during a pilot study focused on experimentation of macro-phytes-based indices performed within the framework of C.R.E.S.Co.M.A. Project. In order to carry out the study on a medium scale, the whole Gulf of Castellammare (North-Western Sicily) was selected. This area was chosen because of the presence of different typologies of human pressures and both geomorphological and biological situations. We focused sampling design and field surveys on the application of three macrophytes-based indices (CARLIT, EEI and R/P rt. I). Gathered data were integrated in a GIS-based environment which allows the overlap and the analysis of several thematic layers (i.e. urban pressures, land uses and biocenotic maps) with other available information (e.g. environmental and social) and an ad hoc spatial analysis was carried out. Results highlight the presence of several rocky-shore communities of high ecological value (e.g. trottoir and continuous belts of Cystoseira spe-cies). Data elaborations underline both the weakness and the strengths of tested indices. Considera-tions about both the short-term possible applications of this experimental integrated approach in transitional waters are here discussed. Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


43

QUALI-QUANTITATIVE RAPID-MACROPHYTE QUALITY INDEX (R-MAQI) SET UP TO MEET THE WFD (2000/60/EC) REQUIRE-MENTS SFRISO A., FACCA C.

Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università di Venezia Corresponding author: Sfriso A. e-mail: [email protected] The Macrophyte Quality Index (MaQI), recently proposed for the assessment of the ecologi-cal state of the Mediterranean transitional water systems, consists of an expert (E-MaQI) environment assessment obtained by sampling all the present macrophytes and a rapid (R-MaQI) evaluation based on E-MaQI and the dominance and/or the presence/absence of some key taxa. In E-MaQI a score (0 = opportunistic species, 1 = indifferent species , 2 = sensi-tive species) was assigned to each macroalgal species and the mean score was compared with the Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) recorded in the type specific references conditions (poly and euhaline systems). However, this index needs of 20 taxa, at least, for a reliable de-termination but , unfortunately, great part of the Mediterranean transitional systems present a very poor flora. This fact is emphasized by the limited number of sampling campaigns, usually two, carried out for macrophyte harvesting. The original R-MaQI was organized as a dichotomic key, without reporting quantitative determinations. In addition, R-MaQi was supported by environmental observations. To meet the WFD requirements R-MaQI was re-vised, basing the environment assessment only on the macrophyte element. Now the index is also quantitatively supported by the biomass coverage determination and by the number of sensitive species present in each class of ecological state. In addition, each class is deter-mined by a score ranging from 0.1 to 1, where 1 is the highest EQR recorded in poly-euhaline reference conditions. Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


SESSIONE 4

Educazione scientifica, didattica e divulgazione


45

LA LAGUNA DI ORBETELLO IN UN PERCORSO FORMATIVO E-LEARNING BIRARDI F., BIRARDI E., DE PIRRO M.

Accademia Mare Ambiente, Porto S. Stefano (GR) Corresponding author: Birardi F. e-mail: [email protected] Nell’intento di fornire un’attività di supporto di formazione a distanza alle scuole riguardo la conoscenza di ecosistemi marini e lagunari costieri del Mediterraneo, abbiamo creato un per-corso formativo dedicato esclusivamente alle zone umide, in particolare alla laguna di Orbe-tello, all’interno del nostro sito e-learning www.amadidattica.net. Il sito è sviluppato su piat-taforma e-learning Moodle, la più usata in tutto il mondo non solo per il fatto di essere open-source ma soprattutto per la sua facilità di utilizzo. Il sito permette lo sviluppo di una comuni-tà interattiva e collaborativa dove gli insegnanti possono creare dei percorsi formativi ad hoc per i propri studenti e seguire in real time la loro evoluzione nell’apprendimento. Il percorso formativo qui proposto è un valido strumento non solo per gli studenti, ma anche per gli inse-gnanti che vogliono reperire materiale didattico interattivo e per tutti coloro che vogliono ar-ricchire le proprie conoscenze sugli ecosistemi di transizione; inoltre la semplicità del lin-guaggio con cui sono scritti i testi, lo rende idoneo per le scuole di ogni ordine e grado. Il percorso fornisce nozioni di base sugli ambienti di transizione (ad esempio caratteristiche fi-sico-chimiche, biologiche ed ecologiche) arricchite da strumenti interattivi e test di autovalu-tazione. Ogni partecipante può dare il proprio contributo nell’ampliare le nozioni di base for-nite dall’Accademia Mare Ambiente.

Sessione “Educazione scientifica, didattica e divulgazione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione


46

LA DIDATTICA DELLE SCIENZE: L’AMBIENTE OLTRE IL LIBRO DI TESTO PASTI B.1, CECCHERINI C.1, RENZI M.2, FOCARDI S.E.2

1 I.I.S.S. Polo Liceale “P. Aldi”, Grosseto 2 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-tano Corresponding author: Pasti B. e-mail: [email protected] Il lavoro sintetizza la sperimentazione didattica condotta dal 2002 al 2009 nel Liceo Scienti-fico di Grosseto grazie al supporto economico della Provincia e la Fondazione Monte dei Pa-schi di Siena che hanno permesso la realizzazione del progetto provinciale per la scuola se-condaria di secondo grado ”R.a.S. Ricerca a Scuola”. Obiettivo è porre a confronto i risultati ottenibili attraverso una programmazione curricolare tradizionale con quelli ottenuti dall’approccio innovativo sperimentato. La nuova strategia formativa favorisce l’implementazione della formazione culturale e scientifica mediante collaborazioni universi-tarie finalizzate allo sviluppo di percorsi sperimentali avanzati in grado di orientare gli allievi verso le scienze ed il mondo del lavoro. Particolare rilevanza viene data alla concettualizza-zione di competenze teoriche attraverso percorsi empirici sperimentali, fase didattica spesso tralasciata nella formazione scientifica degli alunni. Riproponiamo, pertanto, in questo ambi-to i principali punti della sperimentazione didattica condotta dalle classi sugli ecosistemi di transizione. La laguna di Orbetello è stata scelta come ambiente-laboratorio perché offre in-numerevoli spunti di lavoro: gli studenti partecipanti si sono confrontati insieme intorno allo studio delle problematiche ambientali, teorizzando esperienze empiriche programmate da do-centi universitari e svolte in campo e nei centri di ricerca.



47

L’ISTITUZIONE DEL BIO-SCIENTIFICO, UN PERCORSO DIDATTI-CO CONGIUNTO UNIVERSITÀ-SCUOLA IMPERIO T., PASTI B.

I.I.S.S. Polo Liceale “P. Aldi”, Grosseto Corresponding author: Pasti B. e-mail: [email protected] Dall’analisi dei bisogni che prepotentemente emergono, il Polo Liceale ”P. Aldi” ha ampliato l’offerta formativa del Liceo Scientifico già dall’Anno Scolastico 2002/03, inserendo nel POF un piano di studi potenziato per l’insegnamento delle discipline di biologia e chimica. Grazie all’intervento economico del Polo Universitario Grossetano e della Provincia di Gros-seto è stato possibile rimodulare attività altrimenti non più realizzabili con le sole risorse dell’Istituto. L’organizzazione del corso bioscientifico prevede, per le classi I, II, III, IV un percorso condiviso tra il docente di scienze ed un ricercatore universitario che collaborano su obiettivi comuni al fine di ampliare l'orizzonte delle competenze raggiungibili dagli alunni. Il contributo ripropone i principali aspetti principali del progetto e le modalità di realizzazio-ne.



48

INDAGINE SULLA PRESENZA DI CONTAMINANTI DI ORIGINE AMBIENTALE IN ALCUNI PRODOTTI ITTICI LOCALI VICIANI L.1, FABBRIS S.1, GUERRANTI C.2, PERRA G.2, RENZI M.3, FOCARDI S.E.2,3

1 Istituto Professionale di Stato per i Servizi Commerciali, Turistici, Grafici, Alberghieri e Sociali "L.Einaudi 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali “G. Sarfatti”, Università di Siena 3 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-tano Corresponding author: Viciani L. e-mail: [email protected] La sicurezza alimentare è diventata una delle questioni più sentite dai consumatori e si sta trasformando, in seguito anche alla maggiore informazione in merito al legame tra alimenta-zione e salute, in un tema condiviso da ampi segmenti della popolazione, influenzando gli sti-li di vita ed una notevole varietà di atti di consumo. La presenza di contaminanti di varia na-tura negli alimenti può avere implicazioni sullo stato di salute con effetti negativi che, in al-cuni casi, si possono manifestare a distanza di anni. Il progetto didattico sviluppato ha previ-sto un percorso finalizzato alla ricerca di alcuni dei principali contaminanti ambientali nei prodotti ittici locali naturali e di allevamento allo scopo di sensibilizzare coloro che, nel futu-ro professionale, rivestiranno ruoli importanti nell’ambito della ristorazione. Gli studenti par-tecipanti hanno conseguito con successo i seguenti obiettivi didattici: 1- acquisizione della consapevolezza nelle scelte degli alimenti da somministrare in relazione alla sicurezza ali-mentare, 2- attenzione alle tecniche di conservazione più opportune ed agli effetti indotti dal-le trasformazioni, 3- approccio diretto a tecniche di laboratorio di analisi di alto livello; 4- va-lutazione delle differenze dovute all’origine dei prodotti ittici (allevamento vs naturale); 5- sviluppo di competenze trasversali tra discipline diverse come chimica scienza dell’alimentazione e materie professionali.



POSTER


SESSIONE 1

Gestione, conservazione e recupero degli ecosistemi di transizione


51

BIOMONITORING OF ORBETELLO LAGOON (ITALY): TEMPO-RAL TREND OF POP POLLUTION BURRONI C., MARIOTTINI M., DELLA TORRE C., CORSI I., CARUSO T., BORGHESI N., PERRA G., VOLPI V., ZUCCHI S., FOCARDI S. E.

Department of Environmental Science “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena Italy Corresponding author: Burroni C. e-mail: [email protected] During 2001, 2002 and 2006 muscle of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) living in Orbetello Lagoon were analysed for POP pollution and results compared. POPs such as seven poly-chlorobiphenyls (PCBs) (known as markers of Aroclor 1260), ∑DDT (op-DDD, pp’-DDD, op-DDT, pp’-DDT, op’-DDE and pp’-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclo-hexane (HCH: α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ−HCH), and eight polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs) were investigated in order to address bioaccumulation of toxic compounds. Or-ganochlorine compounds were low in the range of ng/g wet weight (w.w.) if compared to lit-erature studies and ranked in the following order in 2001 and 2002: ΣPCB> ΣHCH >ΣDDT> HCB, while in 2006 the order was ΣDDT> ΣPCB > ΣHCH> HCB. Results showed a decline of PCB levels while an increasing trend of PBDEs was registered in the lagoon. PBDE fin-gerprint slightly differed and BDE-47 was the predominant congener. EROD activities were measured in liver microsomal fractions in order to investigate detoxifying/metabolic capabili-ties of eels EROD, activities resulted at basal level suggesting a low exposure to chemical in-ducers in agreement with the low concentrations of contaminants observed in muscle.

Sessione “Gestione, conservazione e recupero di ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Poster


52

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF A COASTAL LAGOON (ORBETELLO, ITALY) MARIOTTINI M.1, FOCARDI S.2, RENZI M.3, BIANCHINI A.1, NESI I.1, CORSI I.1, FOCARDI S.E.1

1 Dipartimento di scienze Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Siena 2 Dipartimento di scienze dei Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Siena 3 Centro Ricerche di Ecologia Lagunare pesca ed acquacoltura, Polo Universitario Grossetano. Corresponding author: Mariottini M. e-mail: [email protected] The aim of the present study was to assess the environmental quality of Orbetello lagoon (Italy) by biomonitoring organochlorinated pollutants in the sentinel organism Anguilla anguilla and by processing Landsat 7 ETM remote sensing data of June 2002. PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were determined both in muscle of European eels and sediments collected from seven sites in Orbetello lagoon in 2002. Low organochlorine levels indicated good health status of Orbetello lagoon, while remote sensing data and chemical analysis showed the Albegna river as a probable vehicle of pesticides.



53

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE OLIVERI TINDARI LAGOON SYSTEM (GULF OF PATTI, SICILY NORTH-EAST) FROM 1824 TO 2009 MARTINO C.1, RUTA M.2, ZANINI A.1, PEPI M.2, FOCARDI S.E.2 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, dell’Università degli Studi di Catania 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali dell’Università degli Studi di Siena Corresponding author: Zanini A. e-mail: [email protected] Wetlands are areas with special features, they are a transitional environment between the marine and continental area: Oliveri Tindari lagoon located (4222000-4220500 N,2524000-2525500 E) in the middle of Patti Gulf, is a typical example of transitional environment and wetlands. The lagoon system extends for 3 km along NW-SE direction from Tindari Cape, includes six lakes aligned to NW-SE direction and a sandy spit. The lagoon system and its peculiar characteristics, has always attracted the interest of the scientific community and has been object of numerous investigations. To reconstruct the la-goon system spatial-temporal dynamics, from 1824 to 2009, were compared various histori-cal maps, analyzed I.G.M. maps series and moreover aerial photogrammmetry, were made using new GPS measurements. New morphological and sedimentological data, acquired during mapping and sampling camp, from 2004 to 2009, have allowed the characterization of the area. This work has collected, processed and updated cartographical, morphological and sedimentological data to highlight the lagoon evolutionary trend. The results obtained have shown: a decrease of the lagoon surface (from 455.000 m2 in 1997, until 400.726 m2 in 2009); the spit thinning (about 113,00 m), elongation (about 50,00 m) and migration in the NW-SE direction, the disappearance of the Nuovo lake and the covering with sand of a part (Perimeter about 90 m and Area 127.509 m2) of the Verde lake. The analysis of these results clearly shows how the system is dynamic and constantly evolving: constant monitoring and promotion of conservation, are therefore necessary in order to ensure their existence. Sessione “Gestione, conservazione e recupero di ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Poster


54

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A STRAIN OF THE UNICELLULAR GREEN ALGA DUNALIELLA SALINA FROM TAQUINIA SALINAS PASQUALETTI M., CARLETTI L., NASCETTI G., TEMPESTA S.

Dipartimento di ecologia ed economia dello sviluppo sostenibile, Università della Tuscia Viterbo Corresponding author: Tempesta S. e-mail: [email protected] The unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina Teod. is a halophilic planktonic organism be-longing to the Chlorophyta. Some strains of D. salina accumulate β-carotene as secondary carotenoid in the chloroplast under stress conditions as high temperature and high irradiance (Salguero et al., 2005), high salinity (Borowitzka et al., 1990; Cifuentes et al., 1996) and low nutrients (Markovits et al., 1993). The species is widely used in mass culture for commercial purposes as source of β-carotene in several countries: Australia, Mexico, Israel and China. Here we show the preliminary results of the ecological and physiological study on a popula-tion of D. salina from Tarquinia salterns. This artificial aquatic ecosystems consisting of 35 pools with different salinity. The natural populations of Dunaliella was taxonomically identi-fied according to Borowitzka & Siva (2007) considering molecular (Raja et al., 2007; Polle et al., 2008), morphological and physiological characters. Laboratory cultures of D. salina were carried out to examine the effects of different combinations of salinity (24%, 15%, 10% NaCl w/v) and nutrient (concentration of nitrate: 882, 435, 212 μmolL-1 N) on growth. Significant correlation was observed in both natural and laboratory conditions between salinity and cellu-lar density. The highest growth rate was obtained at 24% NaCl w/v of salinity and 882 μmolL-1 N. In all cultures we have also observed palmella formation at 15% NaCl w/v.



55

MACROBENTHIC MONITORING IN THE SEA INLETS AREAS OF THE VENICE LAGOON RICCATO F.1, FIORIN R.1, CURIEL D.2, RISMONDO A.2, TAGLIAPIETRA D.3, PRANOVI F.4 1 Laguna Project 2 SELC 3 CNR 4 Università Ca’ Foscari- Dipartimento Scienze Ambientali Corresponding author: Riccato F. e-mail: [email protected] The Venice lagoon situation is regarded as paradigmatic of the condition of most of the Mediterranean lagoons, being an important model of socio-economic development. These transitional areas are subjected to numerous anthropic pressures, as they support many differ-ent economic and industrial activities. This study is part of a ten year long interdisciplinary surveying program, funded by Magis-trato alle Acque and conducted by Co.Ri.La. It focuses on the macrobenthic soft bottom fauna of Venice lagoon shallow waters that, potentially, could be negatively affected by the construction phase of the mobile gates for safeguarding Venice from highwaters. During summer and autumn 2008, 16 sampling stations located in the three sea inlets area of the Venice lagoon were investigated. The community observed was rich and well diversified with more than 190 taxa identified. Bivalvia and Polychaeta resulted the dominant taxa, fol-lowed by Decapoda, Isopoda and Amphipoda. In order to evaluate similarities between samples, statistical test were performed, highlighting a similar way of distribution of the sampling stations, mainly related to the presence of sea-grass beds that are strong structurant habitats for macrobenthic fauna.



SESSIONE 2

Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari


57

RENEWAL TIME IN A POPULATION OF ABRA SEGMENTUM (MOL-LUSCA, BIVALVIA): A CASE OF MARKED R STRATEGY CILENTI L.1, SCIROCCO T.1, SPECCHIULLI A.1, FLORIO M.1, ROSATI I.2 , VIGNES F.2, RENZI M.3,4, FOCARDI S.5, BASSET A.2, BREBER P.1

1 National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science, Department of Lesina (FG), Italy 2 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento,

Lecce, Italy 3 Research Centre in Lagoon ecology, fishery and aquaculture (Ecolab), Polo Universitario

Grossetano, University of Siena, Orbetello (GR), Italy 4 Department of Environmental Science, University of Siena, Italy. 5 Department of Chemical and Biosystems Sciences, University of Siena, Italy Corresponding author: Cilenti L. e-mail: [email protected] The bivalve mollusk Abra segmentum is a paralic species common in the Mediterranean and often very abundant, probably playing an important role in the food web of the ecosystem. However the biology of this organism is still poorly known. The purpose of our study was to determine the recruitment time in the population of Lesina lagoon. A multidisciplinary study regarding the functioning of Lesina lagoon, (S. Adriatic, Italy) was carried out on during 2008/2009. One of the research priorities was to investigate the struc-ture and dynamics of the A. segmentum population. The insurgence of hydrogen sulphide which exterminated the benthic macrofauna in an area of Lesina lagoon during July 2008 al-lowed us to accurately observe the re-colonisation time of this species. Samples of benthos were collected before (May 2008) and after the crisis (October 2008). In this latter sample we found juveniles in the size range from 2 to 5 mm. This rapid renewal time of A. segmentum positively indicates it as a species with an r stragey and therefore well-adapted to the stressful environment of coastal lagoons.

Sessione “Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari” Tipo di contributo: Poster


58

METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE IN THE MOLLUSC BIVALVE LORIPES LACTEUS IN VARANO LAGOON (SE ITALY) CILENTI L.1, SCIROCCO T.1, SPECCHIULLI A.1, FLORIO M.1, RENZI M.2,3, FOCARDI S.4, BREBER P.1 1 National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science, Department of Lesina (FG), Italy 2 Research Centre in Lagoon ecology, fishery and aquaculture (Ecolab), Polo Universitario

Grossetano, University of Siena, Orbetello (GR), Italy 3 Department of Environmental Science, University of Siena, Italy. 4 Department of Chemical and Biosystems Sciences, University of Siena, Italy Corresponding author: Cilenti L. e-mail: [email protected] The mollusc bivalve Loripes lacteus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a common and frequently abundant species in the Mediterranean lagoons, playing a dominant role, both in numbers and biomass, in the benthic fauna of these habitats and forming an important food for fish (e.g. sea breams). In Varano lagoon, it has emerged from previous studies that L. lacteus is more abundant than any other taxa. The spatial structure of the L. lacteus population inhabiting the Varano Lagoon was analysed from 2001 to 2007 using the metapopulation concept. Benthic invertebrates in discontinuous inshore habitats and with short or no pelagic larval dispersal are likely to exhibit regional metapopulation dynamics with partially isolated local popula-tions. This dynamics was observed in Varano lagoon where this bivalve showed a patchy spa-tial distribution. Metapopulation structure was analysed by the graphical polymodal fre-quency distributions. In the area along the northern shore a regular recruitment of organisms was observed during the entire observation period, while extinction followed by re-colonization was observed in the other zones of the lagoon, where the colonies were deemed to be temporary. These colonies sustain themselves over several generations and exhibit dy-namics partially independent from other colonies within the same lagoon. The permanent population along the north shore ensures re-colonisation of areas where L. lacteus has died out whenever suitable conditions return. Sessione “Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari” Tipo di contributo: Poster


59

TROPHIC STRUCTURE IN THE CABRAS LAGOON (SARDINIA, IT-ALY). PART I: VARIABILITY IN THE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF DETRITUS AND PRIMARY PRODUCERS COMO S.1,2, MAGNI P.1,3, VAN DER VELDE G.4,5, BLOK F.S.4, VAN DE STEEG M.F.M.4 1 IMC – International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini, Oristano, Italy 2 CNRS-UMR 6250 Littoral, Environnement et Societes, University La Rochelle, France 3 CNR–IAMC, National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Oristano, Italy 4 Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Animal Ecology & Ecophisiology, Institute for Wet-

land and Water Research Nijmegen, The Netherlands 5 National Natural History Museum Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands Corresponding author: Magni P. e-mail: [email protected]

The objectives of the present study were: (1) to investigate the heterogeneity of δ13C and δ15N values of detritus and primary producers (PP), and (2) to identify the primary sources of detri-tus in the Cabras lagoon (Sardinia, Italy). Detritus and PP were collected in two different areas of the lagoon (Littoral and Off-shore), known to be characterized by different sedimen-tological and hydrological conditions. Littoral and Off-shore detritus was sampled at two sites (North and South) and in three dates in 2006. While the δ15N of detritus at North was found slightly more enriched than that at South, major differences within the study area were found for the δ13C values. δ13C of Littoral detritus was more enriched and more variable than that of Off-shore detritus. At North, δ13C values of detritus were more depleted in March than in May, following the same trend observed for halophytes, seagrass and macroalgae. On the contrary, at South the most depleted values were found in May. Ruppia spp. was identified as the major C source for the Littoral detritus, while the δ13C values of Off-shore detritus fall be-tween the signatures of Littoral detritus and those of Seston. We infer that due to their decay, Ruppia spp. enter as major component of detritus in proximity of the shore while in the cen-tral sector detritus results by a mixing up of littoral C-enriched detritus and seston which set-tle down from the water column.



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TROPHIC STRUCTURE IN THE CABRAS LAGOON (SARDINIA, IT-ALY). PART II: VARIABILITY IN THE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES COMO S.1,2, MAGNI P.1,3, VAN DER VELDE G.4,5, BLOK F.S.4, VAN DE STEEG M.F.M.4 1 IMC – International Marine Centre, Oristano, Italy 2 CNRS-UMR 6250 Littoral, Environnement et Societes, University La Rochelle, France 3 CNR–IAMC, National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Oristano, Italy 4 Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Animal Ecology & Ecophisiology, Institute for Wet-

land and Water Research, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 5 National Natural History Museum Naturalis Leiden, The Netherlands Corresponding author: Magni P e-mail: [email protected]

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the heterogeneity of δ13C and δ15N val-ues of the most abundant benthic macroinvertebrates in the Cabras lagoon (Sardinia, Italy). These animals were collected in Littoral and in Off-shore areas, at two sites (North and South) and in three dates in 2006. Three reasonably distinct δ13C and δ15N values were found for different trophic groups. Deposit feeders (Sphaeroma serratum, Hydrobia ulvae and Gammarus aequicauda) had enriched δ13C values and depleted δ15N values, while filter feed-ers (Ficopomatus enigmaticus and Balanus amphitrite) were characterized by depleted δ13C values and enriched δ15N values, and omnivores (Neanthes succinea and Palaemon sp.) by enriched δ13C and δ15N values. The analyses of variance indicated that all these animals had more depleted δ13C in March than in May and August, following a similar temporal trend ob-served for detritus and primary producers. In addition to this temporal variability, deposit feeders had more enriched δ13C values in Littoral than in Off-shore, encompassing the spatial differences described for δ13C signature of detritus. We demonstrated a large variability in the isotopic signatures of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Cabras lagoon. We conclude that this variability as well as the variability found in the organic matter sources should be taken into account to reconstruct the structure of the trophic web in similar systems.



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VALUATION OF STRUCTURAL GRADIENT OF MACROZOOBEN-THOS IN THE ORBETELLO LAGOON DE STEFANO W.1, RENZI M.2, CARUSO T.1, FOCARDI S.E.1,2

1 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali “G. Sarfatti”, Università degli Studi di Siena 2 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-

tano Università degli Studi di Siena Corresponding author: de Stefano W. e-mail: [email protected] Traditionally, the variation of salinity due to the sea-lagoon gradient has been considered the principal factor affecting the spatial distribution of the macrozoobenthos in the Orbetello la-goon. After severe dystrophic crises, which caused organic enrichment and the consequent reduced status of sediments, the macrozoobenthos diversity was dramatically diminished and the typical spatial gradient was lost. In the present study, we evaluated the restoration of sea-lagoon gradients by comparing the western and eastern basins of the lagoon. Almost 20 years after the first dystrophic crisis, there is no evidence of a restoration of the gradient as indi-cated by the quantitative and qualitative analyses. Therefore, data indicate the need to con-tinue the monitoring of the lagoon, considering all the different variables that could affect the macrozoobenthos community.



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VARIABLES AFFECTING MACROPHYTE DISTRIBUTION IN THE ORBETELLO LAGOON (TUSCANY, CENTRAL ITALY) MARI E.1, GIOVANI A.2, VOLTERRANI M.1, ROFFILLI R.1, TRINCHERA G.3, GIRARDI R.3, TRAMA V.3, GABELLINI M. 3, SPECCHIULLI A.4, CILENTI L. 4, SCIROCCO T.4, PEPI M.1,2, RENZI M.1,2, FOCARDI S.E.1,2

1 Research Centre in Lagoon ecology, fishery and aquaculture (Ecolab) Polo Universitario Grosseta-

no, University of Siena, Orbetello (GR), Italy. 2 Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Italy. 3 Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Roma. 4 National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science, Department of Lesina (FG), Italy. Corresponding author: Mari E. e-mail: [email protected] The Orbetello Lagoon is an important transitional ecosystems which, due to particular envi-ronmental characteristics, host few, but abundant, submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) spe-cies. The SAV communities abundance and distribution are known to be influenced by multi-ple biotic and abiotic factors. To evaluate factors affecting SAV, we related the major phys-ico chemical characteristics of sediment (grain-size, pH, macronutrients, total carbonates) and biomasses (macronutrients) to the distribution and abundance of species. In summer 2008 we selected 6 sampling areas, based on the AVS levels in superficial water. In each area we col-lected sediments cores at four level (5 cm depth) and biomasses (acquiring data based on spe-cies); chemical analyses were performed in three replicates. Collected data were analyzed us-ing a multivariate statistical approach to evaluate both variables distribution among sampling sites and their correlations to SAV. Results evidenced that the sampling areas influenced sig-nificantly sediment variables showing a relationship to AVS levels in water and a clear dif-ference in variables assessment related to the level of analyses was observed in sediments. Concerning SAV, a significant differences were observed relating to the sampling area both for total biomass and species abundances, but there was not a clear dominance of a single specie. A significant correlation (p<0.01, R=0.76) was observed among total organic carbon in sediments and total biomass.



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SEAGRASS LITTER DECOMPOSITION IN A SEMI-ENCLOSED COASTAL ECOSYSTEM: A LITTERBAG EXPERIMENT VIZZINI S., COSTA V., EVOLA L., VENTURELLA A., MAZZOLA A. Dipartimento di Ecologia, Università degli studi di Palermo Corresponding author: Vizzini S. e-mail: [email protected] Leaf litter decomposition rate in aquatic ecosystems is dependent on many abiotic and biotic factors, such as temperature and biochemical composition of detritus. In seagrass beds, detrit-al pathway plays an important role as about 90% of the primary production enters the decom-position loop. In these ecosystems the most common technique used to study leaf litter breakdown is the litterbag technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the decomposition rates of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in the Stagnone di Marsala, a semi-enclosed coastal basin in the western coast of Sicily (Italy) by means of the litterbag technique. The experiment started in May 2008 and lasted for 104 days. It was carried out in two locations characterised by different exposure to the open-sea. At a priori fixed temporal intervals, detritus was analysed for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and invertebrate colonization. Stable isotope composition of detritus did not change significantly during the experiment, while a slight loss of phosphorus and increase in carbon content were observed. The inverte-brates found in leaf packs were dominated by Crustacea (Amphipoda, Tanaidacea and Ca-prellida) and Anellida (Polychaeta). Results of decay rates indicate that decomposition was faster in the location less exposed to the open-sea, where lower hydrodynamism, higher or-ganic matter content and heterotrophic bacteria biomass in the sediments promote this process. Sessione “Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari” Tipo di contributo: Poster


SESSIONE 3

Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/60/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione


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ASSESSING THE NUTRIENT INPUTS IN A LAGOON ENVIRON-MENT ACCORDING TO THE EUROPEAN WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE ACQUAVITA A. 1, PREDONZANI S.2, CELIO M.1, ROSSIN P.1, TAMBERLICH F.1, SCROCCARO I.1, MAT-TASSI G.1

1 ARPA FVG- Osservatorio AltoAd riatico, Palmanova (UD) 2 ARPA FVG- Dipartimento di Trieste, Trieste Corresponding author: Acquavita A. e-mail: [email protected] Coastal zones, estuaries and lagoons are important ecological systems and represent a re-source for a variety of uses. Such areas are subjected to pressures and impacts, which can lead to environmental stress. Due to the possible ecological impact of wastewater, agricul-ture, and fishfarming the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) proposed planning, in order to achieve the good water status by 2015. The Grado and Marano system (160 km2) is composed of two lagoons, with an average width of 5 km extending for about 35 km. The presence of tributaries, drainage channels, irrigation ditches, planting of Zea mays and ferti-liser use, arises the risk of ecological impact over biological communities, especially if nu-trients loads in terms of nitrates are considered. In this work, from March 2008, twenty sites were seasonally monitored in order to define the variability of these constituents in this paralic environment. In the first step, as required by the WFD, salinity gradient was employed as a factor to fit the water bodies, according to a oligohaline (0.5-5 PSU), mesohaline (5-20 PSU), polihaline (20-30 PSU) and euhaline (>30 PSU) classification. Preliminary results showed that N-NO3 values are often elevated (from 0.14 to 9.58 mg/L; mean 3.58 mg/L) and capable to sustain the primary production. On the other hand, the Chla values choosed as an index of phytoplanctonic biomass, suggested that P acts as a limiting element as already found in the whole Northern Adriatc basin. Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Poster


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BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES: A BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENT TO ASSESS THE ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE MA-RANO AND GRADO LAGOONS (NORTH ADRIATIC SEA). FARESI L.1, ALEFFI I.F. 1, BETTOSO N. 1, TAMBERLICH F. 1, CRIVELLARO P. 2, ROSSIN P. 1, MILANI L. 1, MATTASSI G. 1

1 ARPA FVG- Osservatorio Alto Adriatico, Palmanova (UD) 2 Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste Corresponding author: Aleffi F.L. e-mail: [email protected] Benthic macroinvertebrates represent one of the biological quality elements proposed in the Water Framework Directive for the classification of the ecological status in the transitional water bodies. In order to achieve the WFD objectives, a sampling program started in May 2008, with the aim to update the information on the macrobenthic community and to give a first assessment of the ecological status in the Marano and Grado Lagoons. The Marano and Grado Lagoons are microtidal and large lagoons (160 km2 area), divided on the basis of salin-ity in mesohaline, polyhaline and euhaline; 17 water bodies, of which 4 heavily modified, were preliminarly identified in relation to pressures. Sediment samples were collected on 42 sampling stations, for the analyses of benthic ma-croinvertebrates, sediment texture and total organic carbon. A total of 164 taxa were identi-fied, comprising 79 Polychaeta, 37 Mollusca, 33 Crustacea, 6 Echinodermata and 9 taxa be-loging to others groups, usually scarse. The highest values of species richness (up to 60 spe-cies) were found nearby the areas influenced by the sea, whereas along the internal edge of the lagoon the values were low (8-10 species). The most abundant species were the bivalve Abra segmentum and the polychaetes Chaetozone sp., Streblospio shrubsolii and Hediste di-versicolor. As recently suggested by the Italian Ministry of the Environment, the multimetric benthic index M-AMBI was applied to the dataset, using the reference conditions proposed for the italian transitional water. Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Poster


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PRIORITY SUBSTANCES IN SEDIMENTS AND WATER OF THE MARANO AND GRADO LAGOON: PRELIMINARY RESULTS. PREDONZANI S.1, ACQUAVITA A.2, FALOMO J.1, MATTASSI G.2, ROSSIN P.2, TAMBERLICH F.2

Agenzia Regionale Protezione Ambiente, Friuli Venezia Giulia Corresponding author: Predonzani S. e-mail: [email protected] The 2000/60/EC Water Framework Directive introduces a new approach for the assessment and management of chemical pollutants in water bodies. The main goal is to achieve a good ecological and chemical status of all surface waterbodies. In this context, the WFD states the environmental quality standards (EQS) of priority substances for water, sediment and biota. The Marano and Grado lagoons (160 km2) are located in the Northeaster most part of the Adriatic sea. On the basis of WFD, the water bodies were identified in relation to pressures. During August 2009, sediment and surface water were collected in 17 sites located along the whole lagoon environment. The aim of this work is to determine the levels and spatial distri-bution of both persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals as required by the WFD. Grain size distribution, organic carbon and total nitrogen were determined as ancillary parameters for sediment characterization. Preliminary results pointed out the presence of a diffuse mer-cury (Hg) contamination in the whole basin, especially in sediment. Infact, there is a net con-centration gradient moving westward (from about 10 to 1 mg/Kg-1) due to historical inputs originating from the Hg mine activities and chlor-alkali plant. In addition, some hotspots in heavy metals contents were also detected.

Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Poster


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DIATOM COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITIONAL WATERS: AN EX-PERIMENTAL APPROACH FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WFD 2000/60/EC PUCCINELLI C., MARCHEGGIANI S., SCENATI R., MANCINI L.

Istituto Superiore Sanità (ISS), Dipartimento Ambientale e della Prevenzione Primaria, Roma Corresponding author: Puccinelli C. e-mail: [email protected] Diatoms are sensitive algae to environmental changes of aquatic ecosystems for these fea-tures they are used as biological indicators for river and lakes. While freshwater diatoms are well studied, those who live in transitional waters are poorly known. Considering also the re-quirements of the Water Frame Directive an extension of the knowledge on distribution, composition and structure of benthic diatom communities is important and necessary to fu-ture assessment of ecological status in these ecosystems. This study aims to enlarge knowledge on these algae describing diatom communities of tran-sitional waters in Central Italy. The study area includes lagoons: Orbetello, Sabaudia, and river mouths: Marta, Mignone and Torrente Arrone. Samples were collected from epiphyton and epipelon and identification and diatom analysis carried out according to standard methods in summer 2008. The results showed that freshwater and marine littoral species live in transitional waters and indicated that diatom communities are mainly influenced by salinity, nutrient and chloride concentrations. Pollution tolerant species Navicula menisculus, Nitzschia frustulum are common in river mouths, halophilus and marine littoral species Bacillaria Paradoxa, Raphoneis Sp are wide-spread in lagoons. This study provided a contribution to the knowledge on diatom communities and suggests the useful application of diatoms as bioindicators for the ecological status of transitional waters Sessione “Valutazione dello stato di salute ed applicazione della Direttiva Quadro Acqua (2000/0/CE) agli ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Poster


SESSIONE 4

Educazione scientifica, didattica e divulgazione


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BIODIVERSITÀ DEGLI ECOSISTEMI DI TRANSIZIONE: UN PER-CORSO DIDATTICO NELLA LAGUNA DI ORBETELLO BALDUCCI S.1, PASTI B.1, GIOVANI A.2, RENZI M.2 1 I.I.S.S. Polo Liceale “P. Aldi”, GR 2 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-

tano, Orbetello (Gr), Università degli Studi di Siena. Corresponding author: Giovani A. e-mail: [email protected] Questo lavoro ripropone il percorso sperimentale effettuato dalla classe III bio-scientifico nell’ambito del progetto “RaS – Ricerca a Scuola” durante l’anno 2008-2009. Le attività di campo hanno previsto la misura di parametri ambientali e stime di biodiversità vegetale nella laguna di Orbetello. La nostra indagine è stata incentrata sul riconoscimento delle principali componenti macrofiche, attraverso campagne di prelievo ed analisi di laboratorio allo scopo di relazionare le associazioni biologiche con i principali parametri descrittori delle acque e del sedimento. Particolare attenzione è stata posta allo studio delle fondamentali differenze funzionali intercorrenti tra macroalghe e fanerogame. I dati acquisiti sono stati rielaborati in classe mediante approcci statistici di base. La principale evidenza dello studio condotto è sta-ta l’osservazione di come la maggiore o minore distanza dal canale di collegamento mare-laguna, influenzi considerevolmente la composizione della popolazione vegetale nell’ecosistema lagunare. Tutto questo ha rappresentato per noi l’applicazione su campo delle conoscenze acquisite didatticamente ed il netto passaggio dalla sola teoria scolastica, alla re-altà di campo.

Sessione “Educazione scientifica, didattica e divulgazione” Tipo di contributo: Poster


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VALUTAZIONE DELLO STATO DI SALUTE DI UN ECOSISTEMA LAGUNARE TRAMITE L’APPLICAZIONE DI TEST ECOTOSSICO-LOGICI: UN PERCORSO DIDATTICO NELLA LAGUNA DI ORBE-TELLO BARTALUCCI S.1, BIANCIARDI G.1, TERROSI I.1, RAGOSTA A.1, PASTI B.1, LOBIANCO A.2, RENZI M.2 1 I.I.S.S. Polo Liceale “P. Aldi”, GR 2 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-tano, Orbetello (Gr), Università degli Studi di Siena. Corresponding author: Bartalucci S. e-mail: [email protected] Questo lavoro, ripropone il percorso sperimentale condotto in classe ed in laboratorio dalla II bio-scientifico durante l’anno scolastico 2008/09 nell’ambito del progetto “RaS – Ricerca a Scuola”. Per comprendere come la contaminazione degli ecosistemi marini possa determinare effetti sugli organismi viventi, sono stati effettuati test ecotossicologici sul riccio di mare (Paracentrotus lividus). Partendo dall’approfondimento della ecologia, anatomia e riprodu-zione della specie in esame, sono state effettuate prove di fecondazione ed allevamento delle larve allo scopo di standardizzare le procedure di laboratorio. Quindi si è proceduto effet-tuando test di esposizione delle uova e delle larve a concentrazioni scalari di sostanze tossi-che di riferimento. Si è relazionato la risposta biologica osservata alla concentrazione della soluzione di esposizione. I dati acquisiti hanno permesso di fondere insieme elementi pretta-mente teorici con esperienze pratiche e di comprendere come alcune sostanze tossiche libera-te dall’uomo nell’ecosistema determinino effetti biologici significativi e misurabili sulle spe-cie marine. Si ripropone in questo lavoro, la procedura operativa adottata ed i principali risul-tati dei test evidenziando la replicabilità dell’esperienza.



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LO SVILUPPO SOSTENIBILE DEGLI ECOSISTEMI DI TRANSIZIONE CORSI S.1, CECCHERINI C. 1, GIOVANI A.2, RENZI M.2 1 I.I.S.S. Polo Liceale “P. Aldi”, GR 2 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-tano, Orbetello (Gr), Università degli Studi di Siena. Corresponding author: Corsi S. e-mail: [email protected] Gli ecosistemi di transizione rappresentano aree particolarmente critiche dal punto di vista ambientale. Infatti, pur essendo di notevole interesse naturalistico, in seguito alla loro produt-tività, subiscono un elevato sfruttamento da parte dell’uomo. Lo sviluppo sostenibile è defini-to come la soddisfazione razionale dei bisogni del presente e prevede, pertanto, uno sfrutta-mento ecocompatibile delle risorse naturali. Il percorso didattico - sperimentale proposto in questo lavoro è stato intrapreso nel corso dell’anno scolastico 2008-2009 dalla classe IV del Liceo Scientifico (GR) allo scopo di valutare la ecosostenibilità dello sfruttamento delle ri-sorse in un particolare sistema di transizione, la laguna di Orbetello. Attraverso un percorso che ha previsto lo studio delle principali caratteristiche dei sistemi di lagunari, dei criteri di sostenibilità, di sviluppo sostenibile, delle attività antropiche presenti nella laguna di Orbetel-lo e del loro potenziale impatto sull’ambiente, sono state condotte valutazioni finalizzate alla stima dello stato qualitativo attuale del sistema lagunare ed ipotizzate misure correttive a tute-la dello stesso.



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LABORATORIO DIDATTICO: PICCOLO IMPIANTO DI ACQUA-COLTURA IN CLASSE DE PIRRO M.1, BIRARDI F.1, ROMANIN R.2, COGNETTI G.2, PROFILI L.2

1 Accademia Mare Ambiente, Lungomare dei Navigatori, 44, 58019 Porto S. Stefano (GR) 2 I.S.T.P – G. Da Verrazzano- Sezione Tecnico Nautico e Professionale Tecnico Nauti co Corresponding author: De Pirro M. e-mail: [email protected]

L’interesse verso l’acquacoltura, ed in particolare verso l’allevamento di specie ittiche in condizioni controllate ed in ambienti lagunari, ha stimolato la curiosità degli studenti solleci-tandoli a ricreare un piccolo impianto pilota di acquacoltura, utilizzando come vasca di alle-vamento un acquario a disposizione della scuola. L’obiettivo principale dell’esperienza è sta-to comprendere quali fossero le condizioni necessarie agli organismi marini e lagunari per accrescersi ed ottimizzarle in modo da ottenere un incremento ponderale degli animali “alle-vati”. Obiettivi secondari sono stati l’acquisizione delle competenze di base dell’ecologia ma-rina e lagunare, dell’acquariologia e l’individuazione delle principali fasi di allestimento e controllo dell’impianto pilota. Una volta portata la vasca a regime sono state condotte le ana-lisi dei principali parametri chimico-fisici delle acque allo scopo di valutarne l’idoneità per la vita dei pesci. 20 esemplari di avannotti di spigola sono stati inseriti in vasca e le condizioni delle acque monitorate periodicamente. Il numero negli individui che il sistema poteva soste-nere è stato calcolato in base alla capacità della vasca a nostra disposizione. A conclusione dei 5 mesi di sperimentazione si è riscontrato un accrescimento, seppur moderato, della bio-massa, con un indice di conversione basso ma pur sempre apprezzabile, viste le condizioni non ottimali della tipologia di vasca sperimentale utilizzata.



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RICERCA DI CONTAMINANTI CHIMICI NEGLI ALIMENTI: L’ESPERIENZA DIDATTICA DELL’ISTITUTO ALBERGHIERO DI GROSSETO FABBRIS S.1, VICIANI L.1, GUERRANTI C.2, PERRA G.2, RENZI M.3, FOCARDI S.E.3 1 Istituto Professionale di Stato per i Servizi Commerciali, Turistici, Grafici, Alberghieri e Sociali

"L.Einaudi 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali “G. Sarfatti”, Università di Siena 3 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-

tano, Orbetello (Gr), Università degli Studi di Siena Corresponding author: Fabbris S. e-mail: [email protected]

Scopo dell’esperienza è stato quello di determinare la potenziale presenza in un pasto com-pleto di alcuni pericolosi inquinanti chimici presenti negli alimenti in seguito a fenomeni di inquinamento ambientale e/o provenienti da alcuni materiali di lavoro che vengono a contatto con il cibo durante la preparazione delle pietanze (es. teflon). Per questo sono stati considerati sia gli ingredienti crudi, per valutare contaminazioni a monte della manipolazione, che le por-tate a vari stadi di preparazione ed infine i piatti pronti al consumo. Gli alimenti sono stati scelti in base anche alla loro origine ponendo a confronto prodotti tipici locali con quelli ac-quistati nella grande distribuzione. Successivamente sono stati analizzati dopo la cottura e nelle diverse associazioni. La preparazione, la cottura dei cibi e parte delle fasi analitiche co-me le pesate o l’omogeneizzazione dei campioni sono state effettuate dai ragazzi in Istituto, mentre le fasi analitiche e la determinazione strumentale delle molecole sono state, invece, effettuate presso i laboratori dell’Università di Siena. Gli obiettivi didattici e le competenze raggiunte dagli alunni nel corso di questa attività sono stati molteplici: 1-approfondimento dei concetti riguardanti la sicurezza alimentare; 2- ap-proccio diretto a tecniche di laboratorio di analisi di alto livello; 3-sviluppo di competenze trasversali tra discipline divese come chimica scienza dell’alimentazione e materie professio-nali.



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NATURALMENTE UNIDOS PROGETTO DI DIVULGAZIONE SCIEN-TIFICA PER LO SVILUPPO DELLA CONSAPEVOLEZZA CORPO-REA E DEL RAPPORTO UOMO/AMBIENTE. GASOLE L., VALLENILLA A. NaturalMente Unidos Project Corresponding author: Vallenilla A. e-mail: [email protected] Il progetto Naturalmente Unidos mira a contribuire allo svilluppo della consapevolezza e sen-sibilizzazione dell'essere umano rispetto al proprio corpo e al rapporto con l’ambiente. Ha come premessa la credenza che l’uomo riuscirà ad interagire in modo equilibrato e sostenibile con il suo intorno sociale e naturale se sarà capace di prendere coscienza di se stesso, delle sue capacità come individuo e dei meccanismi ed effetti della sua interazione con l’Ambiente, acquisendo la comprensione di essere parte di un sistema complesso e dinamico. NaturalMente Unidos rappresenta uno strumento di ricerca/azione per la promozione della partecipazione attiva da parte della comunità nel lavoro di crescita teso al miglioramento del-la qualità della vita in società e preservazione ambientale, portando un messaggio eco-sostenibile per mostrare la capacità intrinseca dell’uomo di trasformarsi in maniera ciclica, capacità che va difesa e valorizzata per migliorare i rapporti tra l’uomo e l’ambiente. Naturalmente Unidos, ispirandosi nel Circo Sociale, propone percorsi di lavoro caratterizzati da attività ludico espressive, incentrate sul gioco/danza/movimento, agendo sui concetti di partecipazione, contatto, fiducia, rispetto, ascolto, empatia e autostima con lo scopo di fornire strumenti utili ad agevolare, il rapporto con il proprio corpo, il fluire della comunicazione, rendendo armoniche le relazioni all’interno della società, migliorando il livello di ascolto, collaborazione, creatività, e contribuendo al raggiungimento del benessere psicofisico, attra-verso una maggiore conoscenza e consapevolezza corporea. Allo stesso tempo attraverso la divulgazione e documentazione multimediale su tematiche ambientali si cerca di stimolare, chi partecipa alle nostre attività, a riflettere, elaborare e pro-porre idee e soluzioni a problematiche a riguardo, in modo creativo attraverso l'arte della pit-tura, collage, scrittura, lettura, ecc. Uno degli obiettivi di NaturalMente Unidos è quello di collezionare visioni e proposte da tutti i nostri interventi che in futuro verranno utilizzate come spunto per nuovi progetti e in campo educativo. NaturalMente Unidos propone come modalità d'intervento percorsi di lavoro a lungo termine in comunità, scuole, associazioni locali, cooperative e gruppi di lavoro vari, che avranno co-me obiettivo stimolare la partecipazione della comunità in modo consapevole nel proporre e disegnare progetti ambientali applicabili in ogni realtà locale. Un'altra modalità d'intervento è nei Festival e incontri culturali ed artistici dove si trattano argomenti attinenti allo sviluppo dell'uomo e conservazione ambientale, con l’intenzione di promuovere la partecipazione e collezionare idee nate in sessioni di brain-storming che verranno proposte durante i nostri in-terventi. Sessione “Educazione scientifica, didattica e divulgazione” Tipo di contributo: Poster


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CONTAMINANTI EMERGENTI: DETERMINAZIONE DEI COMPO-STI PERFLUORURATI (PFC) NEGLI ALIMENTI GUERRANTI C.1, PERRA G., RENZI M.2, VICIANI L.3, FABBRIS S.3, BORRI G.3, VILLANI G.3, FOCARDI S.E.1,2

1 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali “G. Sarfatti”, Università degli Studi di Siena 2 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-

tano, Orbetello (Gr), Università degli Studi di Siena 3 Istituto Professionale di Stato per i Servizi Commerciali, Turistici, Grafici, Alberghieri e Sociali

"L.Einaudi Corresponding author: Guerranti C. e-mail: [email protected]

Due composti chimici persistenti, facenti parte del gruppo dei PFC, il perfluorottano sulfona-to (PFOS) e l’acido perfluoroottanoico (PFOA), sono sempre più diffusi nell’ambiente. L’Autorità Europea per la Sicurezza Alimentare sottolinea l’importanza dell’alimentazione per l’esposizione umana a queste sostanze; l’acqua potabile, i materiali di imballaggio per a-limenti (per esempio, i sacchetti di popcorn per microonde o i contenitori per “fastfood”, o per pizza) e gli utensili da cucina (rivestimenti antiaderenti, in Teflon per la cui produzione si utilizza PFOA) sembrano essere un’importante fonte di esposizione a questi contaminanti. Obiettivo della presente ricerca, effettuata nell’ambito di un progetto didattico e svolta in col-laborazione tra Università di Siena ed Istituto Alberghiero di Grosseto, è stato l'applicazione di metodi analitici per estrazione e determinazione di queste sostanze in alcune matrici ali-mentari di origine animale e vegetale. La procedura utilizzata prevedeva tre fasi distinte: 1) estrazione del PFOS e del PFOA dagli alimenti; 2) purificazione dell'estratto; 3) determina-zione analitica del campione mediante HPLC (Cromatografia Liquida ad Alta Pressione) ac-coppiata a MS (Spettrometria di Massa). Il PFOS è stato rilevato in 5 degli 85 campioni analizzati, in concentrazioni molto basse ed in linea con i valori riportati in una recente indagine. Le concentrazioni di PFOA sono risultate, sempre al di sotto del limite di rilevabilità.



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ACQUE DI TRANSIZIONE:ECOSISTEMI ECOTONI E ISOLE SELET-TIVE DI HABITAT LEFONS F., AMICO F., VINCI M., MIGLIETTA C.

Università del Salento-Ecotekne Corresponding author: Lefons F. e-mail: [email protected] Nelle definizioni di ecologia sono comuni due concetti: quello di ecosistema e quello di ab-bondanza e distribuzione delle specie. Applicando questa definizione allo studio delle acque di transizione (corpi idrici superficiali in prossimità della foce di un fiume ,che sono parzial-mente di natura salina a causa della loro vicinanza alle acque costiere ma, sostanzialmente in-fluenzate da flussi di acqua dolce” (WFD 2000/60/CE)), viene enfatizzata la natura di questi ecosistemi come ecosistemi ecotoni tra acqua dolce,terra e acqua salata, da un lato, e come isole selettive di habitat, dall'altro. La componente idraulica determina ampiezza, forma e po-sizione dell'ecotone e influenza i processi funzionali caratteristici; le forzanti idrogeologi-che,idrogeomorfologiche, idrogeochimiche determinano lo spazio di nicchia in cui si insedia la comunità biologica. La nicchia è infatti una proprietà dell’ecosistema così come una pro-prietà degli individui e delle loro interazioni. Tale approccio considera il ruolo quantitativo delle driving forces nel determinare l'eterogeneità spaziale e temporale della biodiversità e rappresenta uno strumento per la gestione di questa tipologia di ecosistemi. Utilizzando l'ap-proccio didattico del corso in ecologia degli ambienti costieri, nel poster viene quindi descrit-to il modello concettuale di approccio allo studio degli ecosistemi acquatici di transizione.



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PERCORSI DIDATTICI IN STRUTTURE MUSEALI PER IL POTEN-ZIAMENTO DELLE SCIENZE NELLA SCUOLA DELL’INFANZIA PERRA G.1*, GUERRANTI C.1, RENZI M.1,2, BENOCCI A.1,3, FOCARDI S.E.1,2 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali “G. Sarfatti”, Università degli studi di Siena 2 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-

tano 3 Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Accademia dei Fisiocritici Siena. Corresponding author: Perra G. e-mail: [email protected] I percorsi didattici di potenziamento delle discipline scientifiche possono essere intrapresi an-che in età scolastica molto precoce. La naturale curiosità, elemento distintivo dei bambini della scuola primaria, se opportunamente canalizzata può costituire il principale determinante del successo orientante alle scienze. In questo contesto il ruolo del ricercatore universitario costituisce un elemento importante in grado di catturare l’immaginario, la fantasia e l’interesse dei bambini promuovendo l’acquisizione di nozioni anche complesse attraverso semplici esperimenti pratici. Le strutture museali, in particolare, rappresentano un ambito in cui la sperimentazione e la formazione diretta possono essere particolarmente efficaci. Il pre-sente lavoro ripropone i percorsi didattici sviluppati dai ricercatori dell’Università degli studi di Siena nell’ambito del progetto finanziato dall’Istituto Monte dei Paschi di Siena con gli a-lunni del complesso didattico elementare “V Circolo” di Grosseto. Le strutture impiegate per la sperimentazione sono l’accademia dei Fisiocritici e l’orto botanico dell’Università di Sie-na. Sono riproposti, in breve, i principali risultati didattici conseguiti mediante le attività.



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PROGETTO PER IL POTENZIAMENTO DELLO STUDIO DELLE DI-SCIPLINE SCIENTIFICHE DALLA SCUOLA DELL’INFANZIA ALLA SCUOLA SECONDARIA SUPERIORE RENZI M.1,2, GUERRANTI C.1, PERRA G.1, FOCARDI S.E.1,2 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali “G. Sarfatti”, Università degli studi di Siena. 2 Centro ricerche di Ecologia lagunare, pesca ed acquicoltura (Ecolab), Polo Universitario Grosse-tano Corresponding author: Renzi M. e-mail: [email protected] L’educazione scientifica in ambito scolastico rappresenta un importante strumento per la sen-sibilizzazione, la formazione e l’orientamento del cittadino nei confronti delle discipline tec-nico-scientifiche matematiche costituendo un valido supporto per la corretta interpretazione delle notizie proposte quotidianamente dai mass-media. Il crescente disinteresse attualmente manifestato dai giovani nei confronti delle discipline scientifiche, fenomeno di cui soffrono anche le Università italiane, può essere contrastato da una nuova forma di educazione in gra-do di stimolarne curiosità ed interesse. La sperimentazione didattica sviluppata nel corso di questo progetto ha previsto la realizza-zione in laboratori universitari di percorsi didattici guidati dai ricercatori. Le attività proposte sono state programmate in ogni Istituto scolastico partecipante in modo da consentire appro-fondimenti ed approcci didattici mirati alla maturità scolastica e personale degli allievi. Il progetto, infatti, si è rivolto ad un’utenza eterogenea composta da oltre 650 alunni di età comprese tra: 7-11 anni (Istituto Elementare V Circolo), 11-14 anni (Scuola secondaria di I grado “Vico-Alighieri”), 16-19 anni (Istituto Professionale Alberghiero “L. Einaudi” – GR). Si riportano, in questo lavoro, i principali obiettivi formativi del progetto e le modalità attua-tive dello stesso.



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GRACILARIA GRACILIS AND GRACILARIA DURA TWO RED ALGAE FROM A TRANSITIONAL WATER SYSTEM, THE MAR PICCOLO OF TARANTO, USEFUL IN THE FODDER INDUSTRYBIANDOLINO F., PETROCELLI A., PRATO E., STABILI L., CECERE E.

C.N.R. Istituto Ambiente Marino Costiero, Talassografico “A. Cerruti”, Taranto Corresponding author: Petrocelli A. e-mail [email protected] In Transitional Water Systems, unattached seaweeds represent a consistent part of the vegeta-tion, forming wide assemblages with biomasses useful for several purposes. Generally, domi-nant species belong to Rhodophyceae, above all to the families Gracilariaceae and Rhodome-laceae. In the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (southern Italy, Mediterranean Sea), the two species Gracilaria dura and G. gracilis, seasonally dominant in the unattached seaweed community, were studied to evaluate the possibility of cultivation for the exploitation in the fodder indus-try. In this respect, their chemical composition was studied concerning their content in lipid and fatty acids. These species were collected in winter and summer 2007. The highest content of total lipids was reported for G. dura and ranged from 10.8 ±1.8 mg/g to 5.6±1.2 mg/g dry weigth in winter and summer, respectively. Triacylglycerols were the major component in both seaweeds and in both the seasons. Twenty-two fatty acids were identified. Saturated fatty acids represented the major fraction of the total fatty acids (52.2-78.15%) in both spe-cies. The amount of these acids changed significantly among the species and for G. gracilis also between the two seasons examined. Monounsaturated fatty acids in G. dura and G. gracilis were higher in winter. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in G. gracilis were significantly higher than G. dura, in winter. On the contrary G. dura showed a significantly higher PUFAs value than G. gracilis, in summer. Among the PUFAs detected in these macroalgae, the ara-chidonic acid 20:4 ω6 was predominant in G. gracilis in both seasons. The PUFA ω3/ω6 ratio showed a >1 value in G. dura. Research carried out within the frame of the Project ACTIBIOMAR, financed by the Apulia Region Sessione “Gestione, conservazione e recupero di ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Poster Contributo pervenuto oltre termine


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AN EXAMPLE OF “NATURAL RESTORING” IN A TRANSITIONAL WATER SYSTEM: THE MAR PICCOLO OF TARANTO PETROCELLI A., PORTACCI G., CECERE E.

C.N.R. Istituto Ambiente Marino Costiero Talassografico “A. Cerruti” Taranto Corresponding author: Petrocelli A. e-mail: [email protected] The Mar Piccolo of Taranto is an enclosed basin showing lagoon characteristics due to the presence of many submarine freshwater springs. A detailed study of the vegetation of the ba-sin was carried out in 1989 and recently repeated in June 2009. The present paper reports the change occurred in a zone subject to the influence of a sewage outlet after its removal in 2005. In 1989 on hard substrates, Ulva species [i.e. U. curvata (Kützing) De Toni and U. scandi-navica Bliding] and Chaetomorpha linum (O.F. Müller) Kützing thalli were the most abun-dant. On soft bottoms, only seaweed unattached communities were present in which Gracilar-iales species and some Solieriaceae were dominant. In June 2009, it was observed that Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff et Nizamuddin, an important canopy-forming species in transitional water systems, formed continuous belt on hard substrates and was also present with long thalli on the rare stones on soft bottoms. On these last many dense patches of viable plants of the phanerogam Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande were observed, which was collected in flower in November 2008 for the first time and is probably a new introduction. Really, in all the basin after the removal of 9 out 14 sewage outlets the environmental condi-tions are bettering as showed by changes in vegetation. Therefore, it is underlined that, when the source of pollution is removed, an ecosystem can be able to recover its pristine conditions even without the direct human intervention.

Sessione “Gestione, conservazione e recupero di ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione Contributo pervenuto oltre termine


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FEEDING ECOLOGY AND BIOMETRIC DATA OF THE SAND SMELT (ATHERINA BOYERI) IN THE LESINA LAGOON (ITALY) RUSSO R., FRANCAVILLA M., TROTTA P.

C.N.R. - I.S.MAR. Sezione di Lesina Corresponding author: Russo R. e-mail: Atherina boyeri (Risso 1810) is a small, eurhyaline atherinid fish which mainly inhabits coastal and estuarine waters, including coastal lagoons over a wide range of salinities from freshwater to hypersaline conditions (A. Andreu-Soler et al., 2003). It is common in the Mediterranean and adjacent seas (Leonardos and Sinis, 2000) as well as Lesina lagoons (Vaglio et al., 1998) where it's one of main commercial resources of local fisheries. The macrozoobenthonic organisms are the natural food of A. boyeri: this alimentary habits gave to sand smelt an important ecological value for the Lesina lagoon specially con-sidering that, sand smelt, is one of few species that spend here its entire life. In Lesina lagoon its spawning season is observed from February to June, nevertheless ripe adults are observed in October too (Vaglio et al., 1998). The overfishing practiced in the last century and the contemporaneous eutrophication proc-esses caused a trophic web disequilibrium in the lagoon ecosystem with direct and indirect effects on environmental and economic area. The main aim of this study, supported by Apulia Region, is to increase the reproductive stocks of sand smelt reduced by human activities, in order to carry out a bioremediation process exploiting the key trophic role of this small fish.

Sessione “Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari” Tipo di contributo: Poster Contributo pervenuto oltre termine


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FISHERY AND CORMORANT INTERACTION IN THE ORBETELLO LAGOON CECCARELLI R.1, MORETTI F.1, BARDI A.2, GIUNTI M.3, MINUCCI G.4 1 ENEA BAS-Biotec, Roma 2 TEMI srl, Roma 3 NEMO srl, Firenze 4 Orbetello (GR) Corresponding author: Ceccarelli R. e-mail: [email protected] The Orbetello lagoon is managed with extensive aquaculture technique by a fishery coopera-tive that, on the basis of historical rights, solely exploits the brackish ecosystem. The lagoon yields increased after the environmental restoration in the last 1990’s, and a large variety of fish eating birds took advantage of this availability. Between 2003 and 2005, the Grosseto Province granted studies on the assessment of produc-tion and major pathways of energy and biomass flows of the main predators, in order to esti-mate the impact of cormorant predation on fishing resources. During our study, two successive periods in the ecosystem conditions were encountered: (1) a summer period with a low presence of cormorants; (2) a winter period with a high fishing ac-tivity and a high presence of wintering cormorants. The objective of the study was to obtain a close view of the ecosystem structure and function by means of a mass-balance approach implemented with the ECOPATH tools. The ECO-PATH approach also appears to be a useful tool to evaluate the management strategies of fishing resources because it takes into account trophic relationships among the major biologi-cal components of the ecosystem. The financial impact caused by cormorants’ direct food intake was calculated on the basis of the quantitative and qualitative analyses of their diet and also of current local retail and wholesale prices for all marketable fishes. Sessione “Struttura e funzione degli ecosistemi lagunari” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione Contributo pervenuto oltre termine


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MARINE WOOD BORERS: RESEARCH PROGRAMME FOR THE LAGOON OF VENICE TAGLIAPIETRA D., KEPPEL E., SIGOVINI M.

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Scienze Marine, Venezia Corresponding author: Keppel E. e-mail: [email protected] In the Venice Lagoon the wood is extensively used for the maritime works, especially moor-ing piles and navigation channel marks (bricole). In addition to the degradation caused by physical factors, timbers are subject to the biotic degradation, mainly represented by the at-tack of the macroinvertebrate borers. Only along the channels there are about 22000 marine timbers and each year it is necessary to replace a large number of them. Recently this pheno-menon seems to have increased therefore the problem of conserving these the wooden con-structions in lagoon is of considerable interest from an economical point of view and for safe-ty. Different solutions were suggested, as the use of high durability essences, alternative ma-terials or the application of physicochemical protections. The aim of the experimental study is an verification of the durability of a set of wooden timbers. Moreover a characterization of the phenomenon and an evaluation of the intensity of the attack at the lagoon scale will be carried out. All the information obtained will be used to improve a preliminary model of ha-bitat suitability. The present study intends to contribute to increasing our the knowledge of the ecology of the main species of wood boring invertebrates. Together with the evidences produced by other surveys ,it is addressed to supply to the stakeholders, scientific criteria re-lated to the usage of the alternative materials or protective technique and, in general, to the management of the phenomenon.

Sessione “Gestione, conservazione e recupero di ecosistemi di transizione” Tipo di contributo: Comunicazione Contributo pervenuto oltre termine


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Indice degli autori A Acquavita A. 65, 67 Aleffi I.F. 66 Amico F. 77 Angeletti D. 40 Ausili A. 15 Azzoni R. 18 B Balducci S. 70 Bartalucci S. 71 Bartoli M. 18 Basset A. 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 57 Barbone E. 20, 25, 28, 31 Bardi A. 83 Bellacima R. 40 Bellisario B. 21 Benedetti M. 15 Benocci A. 78 Bernardini E. 12 Bettoso N. 66 Bianciardi G. 71 Bianco A. 20 Bianchini A. 52 Biandolino F. 80 Birardi F. 34, 45, 73 Birardi E. 45 Blok F.S. 59, 60 Borghesi N. 51 Borri G. 76 Bovo G. 38 Breber P. 20, 23, 26, 28, 31, 57, 58 Burroni C. 51 C Campostrini P. 9, 33 Caniglia G. 8 Canu D. M. 9 Capodaglio G. 33 Carletti L. 54 Caroli S. 33 Caruso T. 51, 61 Ceccarelli R. 83 Ceccherini C. 46, 72 Cecere E., 80, 81 Celio M. 65

Ceoldo S. 22 Cerfolli F. 21 Cescon P. 33 Ciaprini F. 15 Cilenti L. 20, 23, 26, 31, 57, 58, 62 Cimmaruta R. 40 Cognetti G. 73 Como S. 39, 59, 60 Corsi I. 16, 51, 52 Corsi S. 72 Costa V. 63 Crivellaro P. 66 Cucco A. 36 Curiel D. 8, 55

D

Dabalà C. 8 D’Adamo R. 26, 27, 28, 32 Dalla Riva S. 9 Della Torre C. 51 De Falco G. 36 De Pirro M. 45, 73 De Stefano W. 61 Di Domenico A. 33 E Evola L. 63 F Fabbris S. 48, 74, 76 Fabbrocini A. 26, 27, 32 Facca C. 22, 43 Falomo J. 67 Faresi L. 66 Fattorini D. 15 Ferrara G. 34 Fiocca A. 27 Fiorin R. 55 Florio M. 20, 23, 26, 31, 57, 58 Florio F. 42 Focardi S. E. 10, 12, 16, 23, 26, 37, 41, 42, 46, 48, 51, 52, 53, 61, 62, 74, 76, 78, 79 Focardi S. 28, 52, 57, 58 Frache R. 33 Franchi E. 34 Francavilla M. 82


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Franco A. 35 Franzoi P. 35 Fuoco R. 33

G Gabellini M. 62 Gasperini S. 12 Gasole L. 75 Gennaro P. 37 Ghezzo M. 36 Giordani G. 18 Giovani A. 16, 23, 37, 42, 62, 70, 72 Girardi R. 62 Gissi E. 14 Giulietti M. 15 Giunti M., 83 Giusti E. 10 Gorbi S. 15 Greco R. 42 Guerranti C. 16, 48, 74, 76, 78, 79 Guerzoni S. 36 I Imperio T. 47 K Keppel E. 39,84 L Lardicci C. 39 Lefons F. 77 Lenzi M. 11, 37 Lobianco A. 12 , 16, 71 Longo E. 31 M Magni P. 36, 39, 59, 60 Mancinelli G. 25 Mancini L. 68 Manfrin A. 38 Mari E. 16, 23, 37, 42, 62 Marcheggiani S. 68 Mariottini M. 16, 51, 52 Marsili-Libelli S. 10 Martino C. 53 Mattassi G. 65, 66, 67 Mazzola A. 29, 63

Melissano C. 20 Menchini G. 13 Mistri M. 39 Milani L. 66 Miglietta C. 77 Minucci G. 83 Mocenni C. 34 Molinaroli E. 36 Monti A.M. 29 Moretti F., 83 Mosca L. 14 Mosesso P. 40 Munari C. 39 N Naldi M. 18 Nascetti G. 21, 40, 54 Nesi I. 52 Nizzoli D. 18 Notti A. 15 O Onorati F. 15 Orlandin E. 14 P Pasqualetti M. 54 Pasti B. 46, 47, 70, 71 Pastres R. 9 Patassini D. 14 Pepi M. 12, 16, 53, 62 Pepe G. 40 Perra G. 12, 16, 41, 48, 51, 74, 76, 78, 79 Persia E. 37 Petrocelli A. 80, 81 Pierobon E. 18 Pinna M. 25 Pititto F. 42 Piva F. 15 Portacci G. 81 Porrello S. 37 Pranovi F. 55 Prato E. 80 Predonzani S. 65, 67 Profili L. 73 Puccinelli C. 68


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R Ragosta A. 71 Regoli F. 15 Renzi M. 10, 12, 16, 23, 26, 28, 37, 41, 42, 46, 48, 52, 57, 58, 61, 62, 70, 71, 72, 74, 76, 78, 79 Riccato F. 35, 55 Rismondo A. 8, 55 Roffilli R. 37, 62 Romanin R. 73 Rosati I. 20, 25, 31, 57 Roselli L. 27, 32 Rossetto L. 9 Rossin P. 65, 66, 67 Russo R. 82 Ruta M. 53 S Sabetta L. 31, 32 Scenati R. 68 Sangiorgio F. 25 Sarti F. 15 Scirocco T. 20, 23, 26, 31, 57, 58, 62 Scroccaro I. 65 Sfriso A. 22, 43 Sigovini M. 39 Solidoro C. 9,84 Specchiulli A. 20, 23, 26, 31, 57, 58, 62 Stabile L. 80 T Tagliapietra D. 39, 55 Tamberlich F. 65, 66, 67,84 Tataranni M. 39 Tempesta S. 54 Terrosi I. 71 Torchia G. 42 Torricelli P. 35 Trama V. 62 Tramati C. 29 Trinchera G. 62 Trotta P. 82 U Ungaro N. 27, 28, 32

V Vadrucci M.R. 27, 32 Vallenilla A. 75 Van De Steeg M.F.M 59, 60 Van Der Velde G. 59, 60, Venier G. 33 Venturella A. 63 Viaroli P. 18 Viciani L. 48, 74, 76 Volterrani M. 34, 62 Z Zampieri L. 14 Zanini A. 53 Zucchi S. 51

3° CONGRESSO LAGUNET “CONSERVAZIONE, VALORIZZAZIONE … · Le aree di transizione sono ambienti...

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Transcript of 3° CONGRESSO LAGUNET “CONSERVAZIONE, VALORIZZAZIONE … · Le aree di transizione sono ambienti...