09 2013 2014 Comunicazione “molti -> molti”: copyright e condivisione

8/12/2019 09 2013 2014 Comunicazione “molti -> molti”: copyright e condivisione

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Pfiv`rsitî o`bli [tuoi oi Poif` 6 Oipdrtia`ftg oi [ki`fz` biurioikh` 6 Ifegradtikd Biurioikd -6 Kgaufikdzigf` “Aglti / Aglti‑ (4) :>4;-6:>4?

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Kgaufikdzigf` “aglti -6 aglti‑= kgpyribht ` kgfoivisigf`

4.- ^rà`ssd= iftrgouzigf` dlld kgaufikdzigf` “aglti <-6 aglti‑ ................................................................................................................ : :.- (*) Iftrgouzigf` b`f`rdl` dlld tut`ld o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` f`l kgft`stg oibitdl` .................................................................... ; ;.- (*) Il trdoizigfdl` “oirittg o’dutgr`‑ ............................................................................................................................................................... ?

;.4.- _rd oirittg o’dutgr`, jr`v`ttg ̀ kgpyribht ................................................................................................................................................. ?

;.:.- K`ffi dll’istitutg o`l oirittg o’dutgr` ......................................................................................................................................................... ? ;.:.4.- Agog oi dkquistg o`l oirittg ............................................................................................................................................................. ? ;.:.:.- Gbb`ttg o`l oirittg= l` gp`r` prgt`tt` ............................................................................................................................................... 5 ;.:.;.- Il kgft`futg o`l oirittg= l` edkgltî o`ll’dutgr` ................................................................................................................................ 5 ;.:.?.- L` egra` oi tut`ld o`l oirittg ............................................................................................................................................................ 5

;.:.?.4.- Iaputdjilitî ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 ;.:.?.:.- Ift`britî ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 ;.:.?.;.- Kirkgldzigf̀ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8 ;.:.?.?.- L’ipgt`si groifdrid o`ll’dutgrizzdzigf` ................................................................................................................................ 8 ;.:.?.0.- @kk`zigfi ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

?.- ^rgjlài dttudli o`l trdoizigfdl` oirittg o’dutgr`= i “sgkidl f`twgrcs‑, Edk`jggc if pdrtikgldr` ................................................ 4> ?.4.- Jr`v` iftrgouzigf` d Edk`jggc ................................................................................................................................................................ 44 ?.:.- Edk`jggc ` ld kgfoivisigf` o`ll` ifegradzigfi od pdrt` o`bli ut`fti ................................................................................................. 44 ?.4.- (*) Kgfoizigfi oi utilizzg oi Edk`jggc ril`vdfti p`r il oirittg o’dutgr` .............................................................................................. 4:

0.- (*) Ld prgsp`ttivd o`ll’`sklusivitî o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl`= “fugvg oirittg o’dutgr`‑ ` «Oibitdl Kgpyribht³ ................... 4? 0.4.- Il qudorg fgradtivg oi rie`ria`ftg .......................................................................................................................................................... 4? 0.:.- Ld prgt`zigf` t`kfglgbikd= il Oibitdl Zibhts Adfdbà`ft .................................................................................................................. 40

0.:.4.- Kgpyribht Adfdbà`ft Ifegradtigf ............................................................................................................................................ 45 0.:.:.- Aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi prgt`zigf` ................................................................................................................................................ 45 0.:.;.- I liaiti (t`kfglgbiki7) o`ll` OZA= ld “kgpid privdtd‑ ................................................................................................................ 42 0.:.?.- Kgfsio`rdzigfi eifdli= il euturg f`l wdt`radrcifb7..................................................................................................................... 49

5.- (*) Ld lgbikd “gp`f sgurk`‑ odl sgetwdr` dll` gp`r` “l`tt`rdri`‑ dll’hdrowdr̀ ................................................................................. 49 5.4.- ^rgbrdaai p`r `ldjgrdtgr`= «Gp`f [gurk` [getwdr`³ ` «Kgpylèt³ ................................................................................................ :>

5.4.4.- Fgzigf` oi sgetwdr` ......................................................................................................................................................................... :> 5.4.:.- Ld kgfk`ssigf` oì oiritti sul sgetwdr`= l` lik`fz` o’usg ` l’ifoivioudzigf` o`l sgetwdr` “lij`rg‑ .................................... :4

5.4.:.4.- Il sgetwdr` “prgpri`tdrig‑ ..................................................................................................................................................... :4

§.5.4.:.4.4.- Il k.o «Er``wdr`³............................................................................................................................................................. :4 §.5.4.:.4.:.- Il k.o. «shdr`wdr`³ .......................................................................................................................................................... :4 §.5.4.:.4.;.- Il k.o. «djdfogfwdr`³ .................................................................................................................................................... :: 5.4.:.:.- Il k.o. «sgetwdr` lij`rg³ if b`f`rdl` ................................................................................................................................... :: §.5.4.:.:.4.- Gp`f [gurk` [getwdr` (G[[) ....................................................................................................................................... :: §.5.4.:.:.:.- [getwdr` lij`rg g Er`` [getwdr` g Lijr` sgetwdr` (P@) ........................................................................................... :: §.5.4.:.:.;.- Kgpylèt= dll ribhts r`v`rsò (Ogf Hgpcifs) / dll wrgfbs r`s`rvò (Li-Kh`f Rdfb)7 ........................................ :;

5.:.- L` gp`r` “l t̀t`rdri`‑ ` l` lik`fz` Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs if pdrtikgldr` ................................................................................................ :; 5.:.4.- Lik`fz` B^L ..................................................................................................................................................................................... :; 5.:.:.- Lik`fz` Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs= sga` ribhts r`s`rvò .................................................................................................................... :?

5.;.- Gp`f [gurk` Hdrowdr`= il kdsg “Drouifg‑ ........................................................................................................................................... :? 2.- ̂ rifkipdli rie`ria`fti ......................................................................................................................................................................................... :5

I pdrdbrdei `vio`fzidti kgf il s`bfg (*) kgstituiskgfg “Dpprgegfoia`ftg‑ ` p`rtdftg sgfg gbb`ttg o`lprgbrdaad o’`sda` p`r bli stuo`fti oi Biurispruo`fzd ` [ki`fz` biurioikh`, fgf p`r bli stuo`fti oi

[ki`fz` oì [`rvizi biurioiki pujjliki ` privdti.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/deed.it




6 ^rà`ssd= iftrgouzigf` dlld kgaufikdzigf` “aglti <-6 aglti‑ 6

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4.- ^rà`ssd= iftrgouzigf` dlld kgaufikdzigf` “aglti <-6 aglti‑

Kgf qu`std oisp`fsd si biufb` dlld kgaufikdzigf` “aglti‑ / “aglti‑, gssid dlld “kgfoivisigf`‑ o`ll` “ifegradzi gfi.Zipr`fo`fog lg skhàd kh` è oiv`futg gradi kgfsu`tg=

4 Aglti

4 Kgaufikdzigf` 4 <-6 4 Kgaufikdzigf` 4 -6 aglti

aglti Kgaufikdzigf` “aglti -6 4‑ Kgaufikdzigf` aglti <-6 aglti

F`lld “kgfoivisigf`‑ oi ifegradzigfi, kiú kh` kgftd è ld pdrt`kipdzigf` o`ll’ifoivioug dl prgk`ssg oi `ldjgrdzigf` ` oitrdsaissigf` oì odti.

[i puú j`f vò`r` kh`=(4) L’ifoivioug puú pdrt`kipdr` dlld kgfoivisigf` oi ifegradzigfi, kgifvglb`fogsi f`l elussg oì odti=

d. Kga` sgbb`ttg o`ll` ifegradzigfi, ` quifoi kga` dutgr` oì odti

j. Kga` gbb`ttg o`ll` ifegradzigfi kirkgldfti, a`rg rè`r`ft` oì odtik. Kga` o`stifdtdrig o`ll` ifegradzigfi, sàplik` ut`ft`.

(:) L’ifoivioug puú uskir` odl trdeeikg oi ifegradzigfi, riadf`fog isgldtg=d. If agog vglgftdrig, kga` sk`ltd spgftdf`dj. ^`r kgstrizigf`, kga` iapgsizigf` od uf sgbb`ttg t`rzg

k. ^`r iapgssijilitî oi dkkò`r` dlld r`t`, quifoi p`r èe`ttg oi ufd kirkgstdfzd oi edttg.Ld “kgfoivisigf`‑ o`ll` ifegradzigfi è uf dajitg f`l qudl` si pgssgfg kgllgkdr` ufd s`ri` oi qu`stigfi agltg kgapl` s-

s` ` oi oieeikil` sgluzigf`, kga` ki rikgrod ld s`ft`fzd DKLP / Z@FG più vglt` a`fzigfdtd if pr`kò`fzd. If pdrtikgldr`,ki si puú khiò`r`=

(4) “if kh` s`fsg‑ Ift`rf`t è uf a`zzg oi kgaufikdzigf` «p`r sud fdturd³ oiv`rsg odbli dltri kh` lg hdffg pr`kòutg

if qudftg ogtdtg o`lld pgssijilitî oi r`dlizzdr` sistài oi kgaufikdzigf` “aglti <-6 aglti‑.(:) kgsd iaplikd qu`std `ss`fzidl` oiv`rsitî, odl puftg oi vistd o`lld kgfeiburdzigf` o`lld oiskiplifd biurioikd, gssid if

t`raifi oi “oirittg pgsitivg‑3 (;) s` ` if kh` t`raifi qu`std “kgfoivisigf`‑ pgssd `ss`r` kgfsio`rdtd kga` uf pdrdoibad eilgsgeikg od dpplikdr` dl-

ld oia`fsigf` kgll`ttivd “gee lif`‑ ` quifoi ‛ p`r qu`l kh` kgap`t` if qu`std sò` ‛ dlld se`rd biurioikd ` s` p`rtdftg sidif brdog oi kgfs`ftir` l’dkk`ssg do ufd visigf` “ifegradtikd‑ o`l oirittg.

F`ll` pdbif` kh` s`bugfg si riti`f` gppgrtufg o`lif`dr` il prgjlàd o`lld “kgfoivisigf`‑ edk`foglg à`rb`r` odlldkgftrdppgsizigf` kgf bli istituti trdoizigfdli kh` pr`sioidfg ld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl`, kgfk`ftrdfog l’dtt`fzigf` sul oirit tgo’dutgr`. Ifedtti, è qu`stg ufg oì brdfoi tài oi oiskussigf` o`lld “[gki`tî o`ll’ifegradzigf`‑, ` fgf k’è od a`rdviblidr-s`f`, p`rkhé f`l aga`ftg if kui l` gp`r` ift`ll`ttudli p`rogfg ld lgrg adt`ridlitî si pr`stdfg do `ss`r` skdajidt` ` kgf-oivis` kgf l` dltr` p`rsgf` if agog pr`ssgkhé ifkgftrglldtg. Ou` sgfg l` prgjlàdtikh` od kgfsio`rdr`=

(4) Il sibfieikdtg o`ll’`vgluzigf` o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl`, kh` hd vistg à`rb`r` ou` e`fga`fi p`r k`rti v`rsi kgf-trdppgsti=

d. L’ifkrà`ftg o`lld prgt`zigf` o`ll` gp`r` ift`ll`ttudli dttrdv`rsg strua`fti t`kfglgbiki d lgrgvgltd tut`ldti od sdfzigfi biurioikh`.

Tui ril`vd l’drbga`ftg o`l Oibitdl kgpyribht .j. Ld oieeusigf` oi egra` oiv`rs` oi kgfoivisigf` o`ll` ifegradzigfi, if kui l’dutgr` dkkgbli` il fug-vg pdrdoibad rifufkidfog if qudlkh` agog dll’`sklusivitî f`lld titgldritî o`l sug oirittg.

Tui ril`vdfg i tài o`l Kgpylèt ` o`l Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs.(:) Il prgjlàd o`lld r`ldzigf` trd ld prgt`zigf` o`ll` gp`r` ift`ll`ttudli ` ld tut`ld oì odti p`rsgfdli dll’ift`rfg oi uf

kgft`stg ‛ kga` qu`llg o`lld Z`t` ‛ if kui, dppuftg, ld kgfoivisigf` o`ll` ifegradzigfi è ufd f`k`ssitî if`luoiji-

l`, sgprdttuttg if quì sistài ( p``r tg p``r ) if kui ld “r`tikgldritî‑ oiv`ftd `là`ftg `ss`fzidl` p`r il elussg if-egradtivg ` oufqu` l’dftit`si trd Odtd prgt`ktigf ` Odtd r`t`ftigf si pgf` if t`raifi qudsi ifsglujili. Tui ril`vd il prgjlàd o`l kgftrdstg dl e`fga`fg o`l p``r tg p``r .





6 (*) Iftrgouzigf` b`f`rdl` dlld tut`ld o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` f`l kgft`stg oibitdl` 6

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:.- (*) Iftrgouzigf` b`f`rdl` dlld tut`ld o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` f`l kgft`stg oibitdl`

^`r kgapr`fo`r` if kh` t`raifi ld t`kfglgbid hd pgstg i biuristi oi ergft` d fugvi prgjlài r`ldtivi dlld prgpri`tî ift`l-l`ttudl` è util` prgkò`r` brdoudla`ft`.

Oi s`buitg si svglb`rdffg i s`bu`fti drbga`fti=(4) ^rà`ssd subli istituti trdoizigfdli o`l oirittg o’dutgr` ` oistifzigf` oi qu`st’ultiag odl jr`v`ttg (prgpri`tî ifou-

stridl` v`rd ` prgprid) ` odl kgpyribht (kh` kgfk`rf` sp`kieikda`ft` il “oirittg oi kgpid‑) 3(:) Iftrgouzigf` dl “oibitdl kgpyr ibht‑ kga` t`ftdtivg oi rdeegrzda`ftg o`lld prgt`zigf` aòidft` strua`fti fgf biuri-

oiki, ad t`kfglgbiki (OZA)3(;) Dpprgegfoia`ftg o`ll’usg “dlt`rfdtivg‑ o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` dttrdv`rsg uf usg “kglldjgrdtivg‑ o`bli istituti

biurioiki (Kgpylèt, Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs)3(?) K`ffi sul r`bia` biurioikg o`ll` gp`r` ift`ll`ttudli o`bli ut`fti fì sistài oi “sgkidl f`twgrc‑3 (0) K`ffi sull’utilizzg oi oifdaikh` “kglldjgrdtiv`‑ ` oi kgfoivisigf` dll’`st`rfg o`lld r`t`, kga` “ago`llg oi sviluppg

`kgfgaikg‑, kgfsio`rdfog if pdrtikgldr` il kdsg «Drouifg³.If sgstdfzd, lg skhàd lgbikg o`bli drbga`fti è il s`bu`ft`=





6 (*) Il trdoizigfdl` “oirittg o’dutgr`‑ 6

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;.- (*) Il trdoizigfdl` “oirittg o’dutgr`‑

^`r v`rieikdr` if kh` t`raifi vi`f` tut`ldtd ld “kr`dtivitî‑ o`ll’ifoivioug f`l kgft`stg oibitdl`, è gppgrtufg kgapi`r` d l-kuf` pr`kisdzigfi pr`liaifdri ̀ egrfir` dlkufi k`ffi iftrgouttivi di prifkipdli istituti biurioiki.

Oi s`buitg si svglbgfg l` s`bu`fti qu`stigfi=(4) Io`ftieikdzigf` o`l oirittg o’dutgr` ̀ oistifzigf` odlld tut`ld o`lld prgpri`tî ifoustridl 3̀ (:) K`ffi di prifkipdli istituti o`l oirittg o’dutgr` f`ll’groifda`ftg itdlidfg.

;.4.- _rd oirittg o’dutgr`, jr`v`ttg ` kgpyribht

^rgprig p`rkhé si gribifd odl aga`ftg st`ssg o`lld kr`dzigf`, ` prgprig p`rkhé l’ifegradzigf` vi`f` prgogttd kgft i-fuda`ft` odi sifbgli, è ift`r`ssdft` kgapr`fo`r` if kh` agog vi`f` prgt`ttd qu`std aultiegra` “kr`dtivitî‑.

Ld tut`ld o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` si `splikd if istituti rdoikdla`ft` oiee`r`fti kh` dppdrt`fbgfg d oiv`rs` trdoizigfibiurioikh`. If qu`std sò` fgf ki si puú oilufbdr` f`l kgfergftg. Jdsti rikgrodr` lg skhàd ripgrtdtg qui sgttg.

Jr`v`ttg Oirittg o’dutgr` KgpyribhtAga`ftg kgsti-tutivg

Zikgfgskia`ftg od pdrtò`ll’groifda`ftg biurioikg aòidft` kgf-k`ssigf`

Odlld kr`dzigf`, quifoi l’groifda`ftgbiurioikg fgf kgstituisk` il oirittg, ad puúdkk`rtdrf` ld titgldritî

Kgftrdttg oi dttrijuzigf` o`l oirittg oi ri-prgourr` l’gp`rd4

Gbb`ttg Io`d susk`ttijil` oi dpplikdzigf` t`kfikd Gp`rd v`rd ` prgprid

Gf`ri Kgstg adft`fia`ftg F`ssufg, sdlvg qu`lli pr`visti p`r l` tut`-l` ult`rigri kgfk`r f`fti il “o`pgsitg‑

F`ssufg, piuttgstg vi è il kgrrisp`ttivgo`lld lik`fzd oi riprgourr` l’gp`rd

Zie`ria`ftifgradtivi

Drtt. :08? ‛ :09? KK

O. Lbs. 4> e`jjrdig :>>0 f.;> Kgoikò`lld prgpri`tî ifoustridl`

Drtt. :020 ‛ :08; KK

L`bb` :: dpril` 49?4, f. ^rgt`zigf` o`loirittg o'dutgr` ` oi dltri oiritti kgff`ssi dlsug `s`rkizig

Kgaagf ldw

If qu`std sò`, p`r kgagoitî oi l`tturd, si utilizzdfg ifoiee`r`ftà`ft` i t`raifi “oirittg o’dutgr ‑̀ ̀ kgpyribht .[i t`fbd pr`s`ft` kh`, dfkh` p`r ufd qu`stigf` oi ufiegradzigf` risp`ttg dlld fgradtivd kgaufitdrid, il oirittg

o’dutgr` std sàpr` più dkquis`fog ld strutturd o`l kgpyribht, pur `ss`fog `ss`fzidla`ft` oiv`rsg.

;.:.- K`ffi dll’istitutg o`l oirittg o’dutgr`

^`r kgapr`fo`r` kga` il oirittg o’dutgr` si è sviluppdtg f`ll’daji`ft` oibitdl` fgf si puú pr`skifo`r` odl eissdrf` d l-kufi pufti r`ldtivi dlld oiskiplifd b`f`rdl`.

[i trdttd if pdrtikgldr` oi=(4) Dkquistg o`l oirittg3(:) Gbb`ttg o`l oirittg3

(;)

Kgft`futg o`l oirittg3(?) Egra` oi prgt`zigf`.

;.:.4.- Agog oi dkquistg o`l oirittg

Deeifkhé uf ugag pgssd kgfsio`rdrsi “dutgr`‑ o`v` kr`dr` uf’gp`rd ogtdtd o`ll` s`bu`fti qudlitî= (4) @st`rigritî= ld kr`dzigf` o`v` adfie`stdrsi if ufd kr`dzigf` g r`dlizzdzigf`, p`rtdftg fgf pgssgfg `ss`r` tut`ld-

t` l` a`r` io``3 (:) Gribifdlitî3 (;) Fgvitî3 (?) [kifoijilitî:.

4 If gribif`, f`l oirittg ifbl`s`, ld titgldritî o`l “oirittg oi kgpid‑ `rd dtt`stdtd odll’ifs`ria`ftg dll’ift`rfg oi uf r`bistrg.







_rijufdl` Jdri s`z. U >2 e`jjrdig :>44Il kgfk`ttg biurioikg oi kr`dtivitî, dl qudl` si rie`riskgfg bli drt. :025 k.k. ` 4 l. f. 5;;/?4, fgf kgif-

kio` kgf qu`lli oi kr`dzigf`, gribifdlitî ` fgvitî dssglutd, ad rdppr`s`ftd ld p`rsgfdl` ò ifoi-vioudlizzdtd `spr`ssigf` oi uf'gbb`ttivitî dppdrt`f`ft` do ufg oì kdapi pr`visti odlld l`bb` `s'io`ftieikd kgf l'dppgrtg ifoivioudl` ` p`rsgfdl`, kh` kgfsist` dfkh`, kga` si v`rieikd f`lld edt-tisp`ki` o`l ogkua`ftdrig, f`lld p`rsgfdl` s`l`zigf`, grbdfizzdzigf`, `ldjgrdzigf` ` trdsegrad-zigf` oi adt`ridl` ogkua`ftdrig s`kgfog uf krit`rig buiod `spr`ssg if uf suppgrtg duoigvisi-

vg. ^`rtdftg, il ogkua`ftdrig è, pur sàpr`, l'`spr`ssigf` oi uf'io`d o`ll'dutgr`, kh` t`fo` dlld pdrt`ki-pdzigf` dbli sp`ttdtgri oi uf prgprig sbudrog, più g a`fg kritikg, su j`fi, lugbhi g sgbb`tti. [i hd ifv`kà`rd ogkua`ftdzigf` gv` rikgrrd ld rdkkgltd o'iaadbifi pur` ` sàpliki, qudsi ufd a`rd `l`fkdzigfòi odti, s`fzd kh` dlkuf puftg oi vistd sid `spr`ssg f`ll` iaadbifi. Il rikgrr`ft` f`lld edttisp`ki` quikgfsio`rdtd, dbisk` qudl` sgkig riadstg dll'`sitg o`lld kdfk`lldzigf` o`lld sgki`tî kh` hd prgogttg l'gp`-rd if qu`stigf`. _rdttdfogsi oi oirittg kh` hd qu`std o`rivdzigf`, kiú oi kui si khiò` tut`ld fgf è oufquìl oirittg o`l kgdutgr` oi kui dll'drt. ?? l. oirittg dutgr`, ad qu`llg oi khi hd grbdfizzdtg ld prgouzigf`, ò dkui sp`ttd l'`s`rkizig oì oiritti oi utilizzdzigf` `kgfgaikd di s`fsi o`bli drt. ?0 ` ?5. Fgf vdl` oufqu`gppgrr` l'`sist`fzd sglg oì oiritti kgff`ssi oi kui dll'drt. 28 t`r, r`ldtivi dll` iaadbifi kgsì kga` eissdt`sul suppgrtg adt`ridl`, s`kgfog qudftg oògttg odlld sgki`tî kgfv`futd, if qudftg kgaufqu` l'`si-st`fzd oi uf'gp`rd kifàdtgbrdeikd fgf `skluo` ld tut`ld oi kui dll'drt. ?? ` ss. (sàadi qu`std tut`ld sideeidfkd ` si kuauld d qu`lld pr`vistd odll'drt. 28 t`r).

Kdssdzigf` kivil` s`z. I 4: b`ffdig :>>2 f. 084Ld kr`dtivitî ` l'gribifdlitî sussistgfg dfkh` qudlgrd l'gp`rd sid kgapgstd od io`` ` fgzigfi sàpli-

ki, kgapr`s` f`l pdtriagfig ift`ll`ttudl` oi p`rsgf` dv`fti `sp`ri`fzd f`lld adt`rid prgprid o`ll'gp`rdst`ssd, purkhé egrauldt` ` grbdfizzdt` if agog p`rsgfdl`, ` dutgfgag risp`ttg dll` pr`kò`fti.

Kgrt` dpp`llg _grifg >2 dpril` :>>5Il kgfk`ttg biurioikg oi kr`dtivitî fgf kgifkio` kgf qu`llg oi gribifdlitî ` fgvitî dssglutd ` p`rtdftg

fgf è oi p`r sé `sklusg od uf fukl`g io`glgbikg-rdppr`s`ftdtivg fgf fugvg, p`rkhé, kiú fgf oi a`fg,fugv` pgssgfg `ss`rf` l` vdridjili kgfkr`tizzdzigfi p`rsgfdli.

Kdssdzigf` kivil` s`z. I 4: adrzg :>>? f. 0>89If tàd oi oirittg o'dutgr`, il kgfk`ttg biurioikg oi kr`dtivitî, kui ed rie`ria`ftg ld fgrad `x drt. 4

o`lld l`bb` f. 5;; o`l 49?4, fgf kgifkio` kgf qu`llg oi kr`dzigf`, gribifdlitî ` fgvitî dssglutd, ri-

e`r`fogsi, p`r kgfv`rsg, dlld p`rsgfdl` ` ifoivioudl` `spr`ssigf` oi uf'gbb`ttivitî dppdrt`f`ft` dll` kd-t`bgri` `l`fkdt`, if vid `sàplieikdtivd, f`ll'drt. 4 o`lld l`bb` kitdtd, oi agog kh` uf'gp`rd o`ll'ifb`bfgrik`vd prgt`zigf` d kgfoizigf` kh` sid riskgftrdjil` if `ssd uf dttg kr`dtivg, s`ppur aifiag, susk`ttiji-l` oi adfie`stdzigf` f`l agfog `st`rigr`, kgf ld kgfs`bu`fzd kh` ld kr`dtivitî fgf puú `ss`r` `sklusdsgltdftg p`rkhé l'gp`rd kgfsist` if io`` ` fgzigfi sàpliki, rikgapr`s` f`l pdtriagfig ift`ll`ttudl` oip`rsgf` dv`fti `sp`ri`fzd f`lld adt`rid. (F`lld sp`ki`, è stdtd rikgfgskiutd ld prgt`zigf` dkkgrodtdodlld fgrad "o` qud" dlld egtgbrdeid oi uf oipiftg sull'dssuftg kh` `ssd fgf f` kgstituivd ufd sàplik`riprgouzigf` - if qudftg tdl` `sklusd t`studla`ft`, `x drt. 82 l`bb` f. 5;; o`l 49?4, odlld prgt`zigfò`l oirittg o'dutgr` - j`fsì ufd v`rd ` prgprid `ldjgrdzigf`, kga` tdl` sueeiki`ft` d biustieikdr` l'dssuftgkh` si trdttdss`, p`r l'dppuftg, oi gp`rd prgt`ttd).

: «od ift`fo`rsi if s`fsg io`dl`, qudl` iogfìtî o`ll'gp`rd do `ss`r` gbb`ttg oi uf'dutgfgad vdlutdzigf`, d pr`skifo`r` odlsuppgrtg adt`ridl` sul qudl` `ssd pgssd `ss`r` dppgst d³ _rijufdl` Jdri, 4? s`ttàjr` 4999.







;.:.:.- Gbb`ttg o`l oirittg= l` gp`r` prgt`tt`

Il prifkipig `fufkidtg odll'drt.:020 KK stdjilisk` kh` «Egradfg gbb`ttg o`l oirittg oi dutgr` l` gp`r` o`ll'ifb`bfg oikdrdtt`r` kr`dtivg kh` dppdrt`fbgfg dll` ski`fz`, dlld l`tt`rdturd, dlld ausikd, dll` drti eiburdtiv`, dll'drkhit`tturd, dl t`dtrg` dlld kifàdtgbrdeid, qudlufqu` f` sid il agog g ld egrad oi `spr`ssigf`³.

Oufqu` il oirittg o’dutgr` tut`ld l` kr`dzigfi ift`ll`ttudli ̀ o if pdrtikgldr`, drt. : L. 5;;/49?4;

=(4) Gp`r` ift`ll`ttudli3(:) [getwdr`3(;) Jdfkh` odti (Oirittg “sui b`f`ris‑) ?3(?) Ifoustridl o`sibf.

Ld kr`dtivitî fgf f`k`ssdrida`ft` si adfie`std if uf’gp`rd ufitdrid, o`stifdtd do `ss`r` eruitd odi o`stifdtdri dut g-fgada`ft`, ad puú `spria`rsi dfkh` f`ll’dkkgstda`ftg oi ufd plurdlitî oi `là`fti. ^gssgfg quifoi odrsi dlkuf` ipgt `-si pdrtikgldri=

(4) Gp`r` kgll`ttiv`, if kui l` pdrti pgssgfg `ss`r` eruit` s`pdrdtda`ft`0

(:) Gp`r` kgapgst`, if kui pr`vdl` l’èe`ttg `st`tikg o`ll’gp`rd risultdft` odll’ufigf` o`ll` kgapgf`fti5

(;) Gp`r` r`dlizzdt` if kgaufigf`, if kui i sifbgli kgftrijuti fgf sgfg s`pdrdjili2.

;.:.;.- Il kgft`futg o`l oirittg= l` edkgltî o`ll’dutgr`

_rdoizigfdla`ft` dll’dutgr` sgfg kgll`bdti ou` b`f`ri oi oiritti, ld kui kdrdtt`ristikd prifkipdl` è l’`sklusivitî, gssid il edt-tg kh` `ssi sgfg rivglti `rbd gaf`s=

(4) Oiritti Agrdli = l’dutgr` hd il oirittg oi `ss`r` rikgfgskiutg qudl` kr`dtgr` o`ll’gp`rd. _dl` oirittg è ifdli`fdjil`.L’dutgr` hd sulld sud kr`dzigf` uf pgt`r` tdla`ft` `st`sg od dv`r` p`rsifg il oirittg, p`rsgfdl` ` iftrdsaissijil`, oiritirdrld odl kgaa`rkig, drt.:08: KK.(:) Oiritti ^dtriagfidli = l’dutgr` hd il oirittg oi seruttdr` `kgfgaikda`ft` il prgogttg o`l prgprig ldvgrg ift`ll`ttudl`,drt.:022 KK.

;.:.?.- L` egra` oi tut`ld o`l oirittg

^`r o`lif`dr` ld oiskiplifd o`l oirittg o’dutgr` ` kgapr`fo`r` kga` si pgssd odr` il pdssdbbig odl “v`kkhig‑ dl “fugvg‑oirittg o’dutgr`, si utilizzd if qu`std sò` uf a`tgog àpirikg= dssua`fog uf’gp`rd kga` biî `sist`ft`, si rik`rkdfg qudlisidfg i pgssijili ift`r`ssi kgfkr`ti o`l r`ldtivg kr`dtgr` od tut`ldr`, kgfsio`rdfog il rdppgrtg trd l’gp`rd ` khi l’hd prgogttd.

[i oistifbugfg tr` oiee`r`fti dsp`tti, oi kui if qu`std sò` ril`vdfg pdrtikgldra`ft` bli ultiai ou`=

(4) Iaputdjilitî. L’dutgr` hd ift`r`ss` d kh` l’gp`rd bli sid rie`rijil`, gssid do `ss`r` rikgfgskiutg kga` tdl` pujjl i-kda`ft` Do `sàpig, s` _izig oipifb` uf qudorg, o`v` `ss`r` tut`ldtg kgftrg tutti kglgrg i qudli oikhidrifg oi `ss`rf` il

pittgr`.

; Pf’gpifigf` aifgritdrid dttrijuisk` vdlgr` tdssdtivg dll’`l`fkdzigf` pr`vistd odlld fgrad, a`ftr` p`r ld adbbigrdfzd, kgfsio`rdfog-si `ssd a`rda`ft` `sàplieikdtivd, ld tut`ld puú `ss`r` `st`sd dfkh` d tipglgbi` fgf kgapr`s`.

? Drt. : L. 5;;/49?4, puftg 9) «l` jdfkh` oi odti oi kui dl s`kgfog kgaad o`ll'drtikglg 4, ift`s` kga` rdkkglt` oi gp`r`, odti g dltri`là`fti ifoip`fo`fti sistàdtikda`ft` g a`tgoikda`ft` oispgsti ò ifoivioudla`ft` dkk`ssijili aòidft` a`zzi `l`ttrgfiki g if dl-trg agog. Ld tut`ld o`ll` jdfkh` oi odti fgf si `st`fo` dl lgrg kgft`futg ` ldskid iapr`biuoikdti oiritti `sist`fti su tdl` kgft`futg ³.Ker. dfkh` ld oir`ttivd f. 9 o`ll'44 adrzg 4995, “_ut`ld biurioikd o`ll` jdfkh` oi odti‑, if B.P.K.@. L 22 o`l :2 adrzg 4995, p. :>.

0 F`ll` gp`r` kgll`ttiv` sgfg tut`ldti dutgfgada`ft` ou` aga`fti oi kr`dtivitî, drt. ;4 L. 5;;/49?4= ld r`dlizzdzigf` o`ll` sifbgl`pdrti, do gp`rd o`bli drtisti, kh` f` riadfbgfg titgldri, ` ld riufigf`, kgapiutd od uf dltrg sgbb`ttg, kh` è titgldr` r`ldtivda`ft`dll’dttg st`ssg oi kggroifdzigf` o`bli `là`fti. Bli dutgri oì sifbgli kg ftrijuti pgssgfg utilizzdr` l` lgrg gp`r` dfkh` s`pdrdtda`ft`,

drt. ;8 L. 5;;/49?4.5 L` gp`r` kgapgst` fgf sgfg `spr`ssda`ft` pr`vist` odlld fgradtivd vib`ft`.2 ^`r l` gp`r` r`dlizzdt` if kgaufigf`, si pr`suagfg tutti i sgbb`tti `budla`ft` kgdutgri, quifoi titgldri dllg st`ssg agog o`l oirittg,drt. 4> kgaad ;, L. 5;;/49?4, sdlvd prgvd skrittd kgftrdrid.







(:) Ift`britî. È ift`r`ss` o`ll’dutgr` kh` l’gp`rd sid er uitd odi o`stifdtdri kgsì kga` il bgoia`ftg st`ssg è stdtgkgfk`pitg, ` f`ll` agodlitî if kui l’drtistd hd rit`futg oi kgaufikdr` dlkufkhé dl pujjlikg. Do `sàpig, s` _izig kgapgfùf agsdikg, qu`stg fgf puú `ss`r` saàjrdtg ` v`foutg d pgrzigfi s`fzd il sug kgfs`fsg.

(;) “ift`r`ss` r`ldtivg dlld kirkgldzigf` o`ll’gp`rd‑. È ift`r`ss` o`ll’dutgr` kh` l’gp`rd kirkgli f`ll` agodlitî kh``bli st`ssg hd o`t`raifdtg, gppur` kh` ld sud prgouzigf` fgf v`fbd oieeusd eugri odlld k`rkhid oì sugi o`stifdtdri. Do`sàpig, s` _izig kò` if pr`stitg ufd skulturd p`r djj`llir` uf lgkdl` dp`rtg dl pujjlikg if gkkdsigf` oi uf `v`ftg sg-l`ff`, ld stdtud fgf puú `ss`r` v`foutd.

I priai ou` dsp`tti sgfg rikgll`bdjili di oiritti agrdli, l’ultiag di oiritti pdtriagfidli.

;.:.?.4.- Iaputdjilitî

Zisp`ttg dlld pdt`rfitî o`ll’gp`rd, l’dutgr` puú o`kio`r` trd tr` sgluzigfi oiee`r`fti=

(d) pujjlikdr` l’gp`rd d prgprig fga`3(j) utilizzdr` ufg psùogfiag3(k) adft`f`r` l’dfgfiadtg.

F`bli ultiai ou` kdsi, il kr`dtgr` adfti`f` il oirittg ifdli`fdjil` oi riv`ldrsi dl pujjlikg, drt. :4 L. 5;;/49?4.^`r qudftg ribudrod l` gp`r` oibitdli, l’iaputdjilitî è l’dsp`ttg kh` hd adft`futg più kgftdttg kgf ld oia`fsigf` trdo i-

zigfdl` o`lld oiskiplifd. Kgfsio`ridag if pdrtikgldr` ou` dsp`tti=

(d) i riaòi oir`ttda`ft` dttivdjili o`ll’dutgr` kgftrg l` usurpdzigfi3L’dutgr` hd dfzituttg, il oirittg agrdl` oi `ss`r` kgfsio`rdtg pujjlikda`ft` tdl`. Kiú sibfieikd kh` puú (drt. :>

L.5;;/49?4 ` drti :022 kgaad : KK)= riv`foikdr` ld pdt`rfitî o`ll'gp`rd ` oi gppgrsi d qudlsidsi oègradzigf`, autild-zigf` go dltrd agoieikdzigf`, ò d gbfi dttg d odffg o`ll'gp`rd st`ssd, kh` pgssdfg `ss`r` oi pr`biuoizig dl sug gfgr` gdlld sud r`putdzigf`8.

(j) l` sdfzigfi pgst` d kdrikg o`l edlsdrig, gltr` dl risdrkia`ftg o`l odffg o`rivdft` odlld vigldzigf` o`l oirittg.Il oirittg o’dutgr` fgf è tut`ldtg sgltdftg aòidft` l’dttrijuzigf` oi pgt`ri dll’dutgr` st`ssg, ad dfkh` iapgf`fog sdf-

zigfi d kglgrg i qudli si dpprgpridfg o`lld pdt`rfitî o`ll’gp`rd dltrui, kr`dfog uf’gp`rd kh` ld riprgouk` pòiss`quda`ft`,

gvv`rg edlsieikdfog l’ifoikdzigf` o`lld prgv`fi`fzd9

. Kiú o`v` `ss`r` kgfsio`rdtg dfkh` if r`ldzigf` dll` pgssijilitî kgf-k`ss` odll’drt. 458 L. 5;;/49?4, if kui si daa`tt` kh` f`lld riv`foikdzigf` si pgssdfg `s`rkitdr` l` oie`s` oi kui dblidrtt.405 ‛ 452 L. 5;;/49?4, gssid, ifijir` ld oistrijuzigf`, oistrubb`r` `sàpldri o`ll’gp`rd, prgijir` rdppr`s`ftdzigfio`ll’gp`rd kirkgldft` if vigldzigf` oi l`bb`. ^`r gvvi` rdbigfi `kgfgaikh`, il oirittg oi oistrubb`r` l’gp`rd è tuttdvid ki rkg-skrittg di kdsi if kui ld vigldzigf` sid irr`pdrdjil`, drt. 459 L. 5;;/49?4.

;.:.?.:.- Ift`britî

F`l kdsg o`ll` gp`r` ift`ll`ttudli ifkgrpgrdt` if uf suppgrtg adt`ridl`, il r`quisitg o`ll’ift`britî è f`k`ssdrida`ft` oiiaaòidtd p`rk`zigf`= do `sàpig, si puú fgtdr` iktu gkuli ld rgtturd oi ufd stdtud, g l’djrdsigf` sulld t`ld oi uf oipiftg,lg strdppg oi ufd pdbifd od uf adfgskrittg. Ifv`k`, p`r l` gp`r` oibitdli, ld rikgfgskijilitî o`ll` agoieikdzigfi kgstituiskùf prgjlàd qudlitdtivda`ft` oiee`r`ft`4>.

L` qu`stigfi `ss`fzidli sgfg ou`=(4) L’gp`rd hd sujìtg dlt`rdzigfi if uf aga`ftg sukk`ssivg dlld kr`dzigf`7 [` `ssd è riadstd iftdttd odlld kr`dzig-

f` dl aga`ftg if kui è kgfsio`rdtd, si oik` b`fuifd.(:) L’gp`rd è kr`dtd kgf uf sistàd kh` f` bdrdftisk` ld oieeikgltî oi agoieikd ` ld kgrr`ldtivd edkilitî f`llg skgprir`

dlt`rdzigfi sukk`ssiv`7 [` `ssd oieeikila`ft` puú `ss`r` adfga`ssd, ` s` riadf` trdkkid oi kiú, l’gp`rd si oik` sikurd44.

8 Il t`raif` riv`foikdzigf`, rie`ritg dll’dzigf` kgf kui si ed vdl`r` il oirittg o’dutgr`, ifoikd ld ril`vdft` deeifitî kgfk`ttudl` kgf ld tut`ldo`l oirittg r`dl` p`r `kk`ll`fzd, ld prgpri`tî privdtd= drt.9?8 KK.

9 Uòdsi Drt. ?2; K^, Kgftrdeedzigf`, dlt`rdzigf` g usg oi s`bfi oistiftivi oi gp`r` o`ll’ifb`bfg g oi prgogtti ifoustridli3 Drt. ?2? Kîftrgouzigf` f`llg stdtg ` kgaa`rkig oi prgogtti kgf s`bfi edlsi3 drt.042 K^ v`foitd oi prgogtti ifoustridli kgf s`bfi a`fodki.

4> [i ripr`fo` if qu`std sò` d eifi oiodttiki ld oistifzigf` kh` rik grr` kgaufà`ft` p`r ifoikdr` l` eufzigfi o`lld k.o. “eirad `l`ttrgfi-kd‑.

44 Ld sikur`zzd if adt`rid ifegradtikd fgtgrida`ft` è uf kgfk`ttg r`ldtivg.







Ld tut`ld o`ll’ift`britî o`ll’gp`rd si spifb` do daa`tt`rf` ld oistruzigf` ift`brd l`, f`l aga`ftg if kui fgf sid pgssiji-l` ld ràissigf` f`lld egrad gribifdrid, drt.42> L. 5;;/49?44:.

;.:.?.;.- Kirkgldzigf`

Ld kirkgldzigf` o`ll’gp`rd dvvi`f` oi r`bgld p`r vglgftî o`ll’dutgr`, tuttdvid if dlkufi kdsi è l`kitd dfkh` d pr`skifo`r`

odl kgfs`fsg o`l kr`dtgr`.

;.:.?.?.- L’ipgt`si groifdrid o`ll’dutgrizzdzigf`

L’dsp`ttg `kgfgaikg o`lld kr`dzigf` ift`ll`ttudl` fgf o`v` `ss`r` sgttgvdlutdtg= l’gp`rd kirkgld `sklusivda`ft` p`rvglgftî o`ll’dutgr`, kh` è l’ufikg sgbb`ttg dutgrizzdtg do iaa`tt`rld f`l a`rkdtg, gssid d r`dlizzdrf` ld pujjlikdzigf`, `quifoi d kò`rld if kdajig oi uf kgap`fsg `kgfgaikg4;. Ad l’dutgr` puú trdrr` j`fèikig `kgfgaikg odlld prgprid gp`rdfgf sglg kò`fogf` ift`rda`ft` ld prgpri`tî, j`fsì dfkh` dttriju`fog d t`rzi pdrtikgldri oiritti pdrzidli.

L` edkgltî dttrijuit` dll’dutgr` odll’groifda`ftg, ` kh` quifoi lg st`ssg sgbb`ttg puú kò`r` do dltri, kgsì si oistifbug-fg=

(4) ûjjlikdzigf` (drt.4:)3

(:) Ziprgouzigf`, gssid “agltiplikdzigf` if kgpi` o`ll’gp`rd kgf qudlsidsi a`zzg‑ (drt.4;) (;) _rdskrizigf`, gssid trdsegradzigf` o`ll’gp`rd grdl` if egrad skrittd (drt.4?)3

(?) @s`kuzigf`, rdppr`s`ftdzigf` ` r`kitdzigf` if pujjlikg “oi pujjlikg sp`ttdkglg ` o`ll’gp`rd grdl`‑ (drt.40)3(0) Oieeusigf` d oistdfzd, aòidft` adss aòid dfkh` do “dkk`ssg kgfoizigfdtg‑, kga` ld t`l`visigf` sdt`llitdr` d

pdbda`ftg (drt.45)3(5) Oistrijuzigf`, “a`tt`r` if kgaa`rkig oi pgrr` if kirkgldzigf` g kgaufqu` d oispgsizigf` o`l pujjlikg‑ (drt.42)3(2) _rdouzigf` ` ld rdkkgltd, if dltrd lifbud g oidl`ttg g kgll`zigf` (drt.48)3(8) Fgl`bbig ` pr`stitg4? (drt.48 ‛ jis).

È iapgrtdft` rikgrodr` kh` tutt` l` edkgltî kh` l’dutgr` puú kgfe`rir` di t`rzi sgfg oiritti “`sklusivi ` ifoip`fo`fti‑, ò

hdffg if sift`si l` s`bu`fti kdrdtt`ristikh`, drt.49 L. 5;;/49?4=- @sklusivitî= quifoi sgfg `rbd gaf`s, ò if kiú “pdrt`kipdfg‑ o`lld fdturd o`l oirittg o`ll’dutgr`, pdria`fti `sklusi-

vd.- [`pdrdtd trdsaissijilitî= kidskuf oirittg puú `ss`r` trdse`ritg d pr`skifo`r` odlld k`ssigf` o`bli dltri.

- Ift`brdlitî g pdrzidlitî= i oiritti pgssgfg ribudrodr` l’gp`rd f`lld sud ift`brdlitî g if ufd pdrt` o`t`raifdtd.- Eufzigfdlitî= il trdse`ria`ftg oi ufg si `st`fo` d qu`lli kh` sgfg eufzigfdli dll’`s`rkizig oi qu`stg= (do `s, p`r o i-

strijuir` fgradla`ft` gkkgrr` riprgourr`).- Egradlitî= Il trdse`ria`ftg è sgbb`ttg dlld egrad skrittd do prgjdtigfà, drt.:084 KK, drt.44> L. 5;;/49?4

^r`foidag do `sàpig il fgl`bbig oi uf eila if vio`gt`kd. Il f`bgzig fgradla`ft` dkquistd i suppgrti sglg p`r il fg-

l`bbig, ` fgf p`r ld riv`foitd di kli`fti (ò ifedtti pdbd uf pr`zzg oi agltg sup`rigr` dl fgradl` pr`zzg oi dkquistg)=l’`s`rk`ft` fgf hd rik`vutg odl k.o. “dutgr`‑ il oirittg d v`fo`r` i eila. Il kli`ft`, odl kdftg sug, pdbd dl f`bgzidft` uf k gr-risp`ttivg prgpgrzigfdtg dl p`rigog oi o`t`fzigf` o`l suppgrtg, ` fgf dl fua`rg o`ll` prgi`zigfi, l` qudli tuttdvid o`vgfgdv`r` kdrdtt`r` privdtg (khi fgl`bbid uf eila if vio`gt`kd fgf puú istituir` sdl` kifàdtgbrdeikh` dp`rt` dl pujjlikg pd-

4: L'dzigf` d oie`sd oì oiritti kh` si rie`riskgfg dll'ift`britî o`ll'gp`rd puú kgfourr` dlld riagzigf` g oistruzigf` o`ll'`sàpldr` oègr-adtg, autildtg g kgaufqu` agoieikdtg o`ll'gp`rd, sglg qudfog fgf sid pgssijil` ripristifdr` o`ttg `sàpldr` f`lld egrad priaitivd dsp`s` o`lld pdrt` ift`r`ssdtd do `vitdr` ld riagzigf` g ld oistruzigf`.

4; Drt. 4: k. 4 L. 5;;/49?4. L'dutgr` hd il oirittg `sklusivg oi pujjlikdr` l'gp`rd. Hd dltr`sì il oirittg `sklusivg oi utilizzdr` `kgfgaikd-a`ft` l'gp`rd if gbfi egrad ` agog gribifdl`, g o`rivdtg, fì liaiti eissdti od qu`std l`bb`, ò if pdrtikgldr` kgf l'`s`rkizig oì oiritti

`sklusivi ifoikdti f`bli drtikgli s`bu`fti. È kgfsio`rdtd kga` priad pujjlikdzigf` ld priad egrad oi `s`rkizig o`l oirittg oi utilizzdzig-f`.4? Il priag hd p`r eif` il «kgfs`buia`ftg oi uf j`fèikig `kgfgaikg g kgaa`rkidl` oir`ttg g ifoir`ttg³. Il s`kgfog è kgapiutg od «isti-tuzigfi dp`rt` dl pujjlikg³ fgf d skgpg oi lukrg. Tu`std è ld oiee`r`fzd trd il fgl`bbig oi ufd vio`gkdss`ttd ò il pr`stitg jijligt`kdrig.







bdft`). ^`rigoikda`ft`, dl f`bgzidft` è kgfs`ftitg v`fo`r` i suppgrti, kh` pgssgfg `ss`r` dkquistdti odlld kli`ft`ld douf pr`zzg skgftdtg (if rdbigf` o`l lgrg pr`suaijil` o`t`rigrda`ftg if s`buitg dll’usg).

;.:.?.0.- @kk`zigfi

Ld tut`ld biurioikd o`llg seruttda`ftg `kgfgaikg riv`ld uf prgeilg prgjlàdtikg, p`rkhé gkkgrr` jildfkidr` l’ift`r`ss`

o`ll’dutgr` kgf dltri ift`r`ssi oi vdrid fdturd, qudl` do `sàpig l’utilizzg ski`ftieikg g d eifi oi rik`rkd. Kiú dvvi`f` if ouòia`fsigfi.Dfzituttg, ld oiskiplifd pr`vò` “`kk`zigfi ` liaitdzigfi‑40= kdsi sp`kieikda`ft` kirkgskritti, “eif`str` biurioikh`‑ i kui

kgftgrfi sgfg pr`sioidti od (p`sdfti) sdfzigfi dfkh` (` sgprdttuttg) p`fdli45. Il edttg kh` l’usg o`ll’gp`rd sid svifkgldtg odl-lg “seruttda`ftg‑ od pdrt` o`ll’dutgr` fgf sibfieikd kh` pgssd oirsi pr`biuoikdtg l’dsp`ttg pdtriagfidl`= kgaufqu` o`v``ss`r` kgrrispgstg dll’dutgr` uf “`qug kgap`fsg‑.

È util` dpprgegfoir` qu`st’ultiag drbga`ftg. [i pr`vò` kh` si pgssdfg egtgkgpidr` lijri kgf i s`bu`fti liaiti42=

(4) ^`r il 40% o`ll’gp`rd

(:) Do usg p`rsgfdl`

(;) Od pdrt` oi p`rsgfd eisikd(?) Kgf uf `qug kgap`fsg kgrrispgstg dlld [ID@ (kh` fgf vi`f` v`rsdtg oir`ttda`ft` od pdrt` oì kgfsuadtgri,

ad od pdrt` o`ll` kgpist`ri` g odll` jijligt`kh`)48.

L’`qug kgap`fsg kgstituisk` uf prgjlàd agltg oiskussg. [u qu`stg puftg è agltg iapgrtdft` rikgrodr` kh`kgf s`ft`fzd :4/4>/:>4> f`lld kdusd K-?52/>8 trd ld ^dodwdf [L ` ld [gki`tdo B`f`rdl o` Dutgr`s y @oitgr`s o`@spdôd, ld KBP@ hd stdjilitg kh` l’dpplikdzigf` ifoiskriaifdtd o`ll’`qug kgap`fsg p`r kgpid privdtd fgf è kgfegra`dlld oir`ttivd :>>4/:9. Oi kgfs`bu`fzd49=

(4) ld fgradtivd sull’`qug kgap`fsg vib`ft` if Itdlid ‛ od ultiag, il O.A. ;>/4:/:>>9 kh` hd `st`sg l’dajitg oi dp-plikdzigf` ‛ o`v` `ss`r` ift`rpr`tdtd if agog kgfegra` dl oirittg kgaufitdrig ` quifoi ogvr`jj` `ss`r` oisdp-plikdtd3

(:) If t`grid, i pdbda`fti èe`ttudti sifg do gbbi sgfg od kgfsio`rdr si “pdbda`ftg ifo`jitg‑ di s`fsi o`ll’drt. :>;;KK ` quifoi ogvr`jj`rg `ss`r` r`stituiti3

(;) [àpr` if t`grid, i prgouttgri, iapgrtdtgri ` oistrijutgri oi suppgrti oispgsitivi ` dppdr`kkhi p`r ld kgpid fgf sgfgt`futi d kgrrispgfo`r` dlkuf “`qug kgap`fsg‑ dlld [ID@.

If a`ritg dlld qu`stigf` r`ldtivd dll’`qug kgap`fsg f`ll’groifda`ftg itdlidfg, gkkgrr` s`bfdldr` dlkuf` fgvitî= (4) O`kisigf` o`l Brdf biurì p`r l’dutgoiskiplifd pujjlikitdrid f. :? o`l 40 adrzg :>44, kgf il qudl` vi`f` stdjilitd

l’ill`bittiaitî o`l kgaufikdtg stdapd o`lld [ID@ if kui si ridee`rad ld l`bittiaitî o`ll’dppgsizigf` o`ll’`qug kga-p`fsg, if qudftg fgf kgrrispgfo`ft` do gjjlibdzigf` èe`ttivda`ft` d kdrikg oì prge`ssigfisti.

(:) Pfd s`ri` oi s`ft`fz` o`l _dr Ldzig, kh` hd daa`ssg ld fdturd oi pr`stdzigf` pdtriagfidl` iapgstd odllg [tdtg ‛ ` fgf quifoi oi kgrrisp`ttivg ogvutg dbli dv`fti oirittg ‛ ad dl kgftàpg hd dee`radtg ld l`bittiaitî oì v`rsd-a`fti èe`ttudti odll` iapr`s`. Kga` si fgtd oi s`buitg, l` drbga`ftdzigfi o`l Biuoik` o`stdfg aglt` p`rpl`ssi-tî. [i dssua` l’`sist`fzd oi ufd pr`stdzigf` iapgsitivd egfodtd sul pr`suppgstg o`lld dstrdttd iogfìtî oi uf

suppgrtg do `ss`r` utilizzdtg kga` drkhivig `l`ttrgfikg, d pr`skifo`r` odll’èe`ttivg utilizzg, pur if adfkdfzd oipr`visigf` fgradtivd, rit`f`fogsi sueeiki`ft` kh` ld oèifizigf` «if jds` dlld l`bb`³.

40 Kgf il O. Lbs. 58/:>>; si io`ftieikdfg kgsì l` pr`kò`fti “utilizzdzigfi lij`r`‑. 45 Drtt. 424 ‛ 424 fgfi`s L. 5;;/49?4.42 Drt.58 k. ;, L. 5;;/49?4, kga` agoieikdtg odlld L. :?8/:>>>.48 L'`qug kgap`fsg è pdri d >,:9 € p`r il KO, ;% o`l vdlgr` o`l riprgouttgr` (do `sàpig, il adst`rizzdtgr`). I l prgjlàd ifsitg f`lld

pr`visigf` o`ll’`qug kgap`fsg kgfsist` f`l edttg kh` `ssg è pdbdtg odl kgfsuadtgr` d pr`skifo` r` odll’utilizzg kh` `bli edkkid o`lsuppgrtg= d pr`skifo`r` quifoi odl edttg kh` il kgft`futg riv`rsdtg if `ssg sid prgt`t tg g a`fg. È stdtg khidadtg “`qug‑ od kglgrg iqudli lg hdffg pr`vistg, prgprig p`rkhé ld sud `ftitî è oiaifuitd if rdbigf` oi kiú.

49 [. DLUDFIFI, @qug kgap`fsg= eifdla`ft` p`r kgpid privdtd,, if «Il Oirittg Ifoustridl`³³, f. 4 (:>4>), p. 84.





6 ^rgjlài dttudli o`l trdoizigfdl` oirittg o’dutgr`= i “sgkidl f`twgrcs‑, Edk`jggc if pdrtikgldr` 6

_`stg oispgfijil` su lik`fzd Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs - http=//kr`dtiv`kgaagfs.grb/lik`fs`s/jy-fk-fo/:.0/o`ò.it 4> / :5

_.D.Z. Zgad Ldzig s`z. II >: adrzg :>4: f. :405Ld fgzigf` oi `qug kgap`fsg, oi kui dll'drt. 0 kgaad :, l`tt. j), oir`ttivd K@ f. :>>4/:9 kgstituisk`

ufd fgzigf` dutgfgad o`l oirittg o`ll'Pfigf`, kh` o`v` `ss`r` ift`rpr`tdtd if agog ufiegra` if tutti bli[tdti aàjri kh` hdffg iftrgogttg l'`kk`zigf` p`r kgpid privdtd. _uttdvid, ld egrad, ld agodlitî o`l ei-fdfzida`ftg ` oi pr`li`vg fgfkhé l'`ftitî oi tdl` kgap`fsg è ria`ssd dlld oiskr`zigfdlitî oì sifbgli[tdti aàjri, f`l risp`ttg oì pdrda`tri pgsti odl l`bisldtgr` kgaufitdrig.

Il sistàd oi eifdfzida`ftg o`ll'`qug kgap`fsg si egfod ufikda`ft` sul pr`suppgstg kh` l` dppd-

r`kkhidtur`, i oispgsitivi ` i suppgrti oi riprgouzigf` sidfg iogfì do `ss`r` utilizzdti p`r ld r`dlizzdzigfòi kgpi` privdt` pgt`fog, quifoi, kdusdr` uf pr`biuoizig dll'dutgr` o`ll'gp`rd prgt`ttd. Fgf è ifv`k` f`-k`ssdrig dkk`rtdr` kh` `ss` djjidfg èe`ttivda`ft` r`dlizzdtg o`ll` kgpi` privdt` ` quifoi if kgf-kr`tg drr`kdtg il pr`biuoizig, `ss`fog sueeiki`ft` ld lgrg pgt`fzidlitî oi riprgouzigf`, pgt`fog pr`sua`rsikh` l` p`rsgf` eisikh`, oispgf`fog oi dppdr`kkhi iogfì dlld riprgouzigf`, f` usueruiskdfg ift`brdla`f-t`, seruttdfog tutt` l` eufzigfi dssgkidt` dll` dppdr`kkhidtur` ` quifoi drr`kdfog uf pr`biuoizig dbli du-tgri.

^`r pgt`r pr`vò`r` il pdbda`ftg o`ll'`qug kgap`fsg `x drt. 24 s`pti`s, l. f. 5;; o`l 49?4, f`lkdsg oi utilizzg oi dppdr`kkhi t`lègfiki, è sueeiki`ft` kh` il t`lègfg agjil` sid iogf`g dlld riprgouzig-f` oi egfg ` vio`gbrdaai, fgf dfkh` qudftg `ssg, if kgfkr`tg, sid utilizzdtg d qu`sti eifi.

Il pdbda`ftg o`ll'`qug kgap`fsg p`r ld kgpid privdtd, pur dv`fog ufd khidrd eufzigf` sifdlldbad-tikd ` ifo`ffitdrid o`ll'utilizzg (qudftg a`fg pgt`fzidl`) oi gp`r` tut`ldt` odl oirittg o'dutgr`, o`v` edrsiri`ftrdr` f`l fgv`rg o`ll` pr`stdzigfi iapgst`, bidkkhé ld o`t`raifdzigf` sid o`ll'df kh` o`l qudftuaè èe`ttudtd if vid dutgritdtivd ` fgf vi è dlkufd pgssijilitî p`r i sgbb`tti gjjlibdti oi sgttrdrsi dl pdbd-

a`ftg oi tdl` pr`stdzigf` eru`fog oi dltr` dlt`rfdtiv`. If qu`stg s`fsg, il prgeilg o`ll'iapgsizigf` è««pr`vdl`ft`³. _uttdvid, il prifkipig kgstituzigfdl` if oiskgrsg fgf pgf` ufd ris`rvd oi l`bb` dssglu-td, ad r`ldtivd, liaitdfogsi d pgrr` dl l`bisldtgr` l'gjjlibg oi o`t`raifdr` pr`v`ftivda`ft` sueeiki`ftikrit`ri oir`ttivi oi jds` ` lif`` b`f`rdli oi oiskiplifd o`lld oiskr`zigfdlitî daaifistrdtivd. ^`rtdftg, ilprifkipig fgf `sib` kh` ld pr`stdzigf` sid iapgstd ««p`r l`bb`³, ad ««if jds` dlld l`bb`³ , kg-sikkhè è dfkh` daaissijil` il rifvig d prgvvòia`fti daaifistrdtivi oir`tti d o`t`raifdr` `là`fti g pr`-suppgsti o`lld pr`stdzigf`, purkhé risultifg dssikurdt`, aòidft` ld pr`visigf` oi do`budti pdrda`tri, l`bdrdfzi` if brdog oi `skluo`r` uf usg drjitrdrig o`lld oiskr`zigfdlitî daaifistrdtivd.

If s`kgfog lugbg, `sist` uf ult`rigr` liait` dll’`sklusivitî o`l titgldr`= qu`llg tàpgrdl`. Ld ourdtd è oiv`rsd d s`-kgfod o`l tipg oi gp`rd= 2> dffi= r`bgld b`f`rdl` (drt.:0)3 0> dffi= p`r l` àitt`fti rdoigt`l`visiv` (drt.29), drtisti ift`rpr`tiò `s`kutgri (drt.80).

^`r l` gp`r` ausikdli il r`bia` è più kgapl`ssg= ld ourdtd è oi 0> dffi odll’ifkisigf` g 2> dffi odlld odtd oi pujjlikd-zigf` (drt.20):>. Tu`st’ultiad pr`visigf`, kh` oi edttg prglufbd ld skdo`fzd, è odtd od u fd rdbigf` agltg pr`kisd oi tipg`kgfgaikg. Oi dffg if dffg o`kdogfg i oiritti o`bli dutgri su gp`r` sàpr` più r`k`fti, ` quifoi kgfgskiut` odl brdfo`pujjlikg. I kldssiki o`l mdzz ` o`l rgkc oiv`ftdfg eruijili lij`rda`ft` egrt` oiaifuzigf` oi iftrgiti p`r l` admgrs oiskgbrdei-kh`.

?.- ^rgjlài dttudli o`l trdoizigfdl` oirittg o’dutgr`= i “sgkidl f`twgrcs‑, Edk`jggc if pdrtikgldr`

È `vio`ft` kh` l’dttivitî oi sviluppg ` b`stigf` oi pidttdegra` oi sgkidl f`twgrcifb ‛ s`jj`f` (dfkgrd) brdtuitd p`r bliut`fti ‛ kgstituisk` ufd dttivitî `kgfgaikd ` quifoi b`f`rd prgeitti.

Grd, o`lif`dt` qu`ll` kh` sgfg l` lif`` prifkipdli o`lld oiskiplifd biurioikd o`l kgpyribht “if kdapg dp`rtg‑ è ift`r` s-sdft` kgapr`fo`r` if kh` t`raifi kiú si kgfeiburi f`ll’daji`ft` “khiusg‑ ` “prgpri`tdrig‑ oì sgkidl f`twgrcs.

^dr` dssgodtg kh` l` r`ldzigfi if qu`stg s`kgfog kdsg si r`bbgfg sui t`raifi kgftrdttudli oi utilizzg oì s`rvizi, ld kuikgfsultdzigf` oiv`ftd `ss`fzidl`.

If qu`std sò` si riti`f` gppgrtufg utilizzdr` kga` `sàpig ld pidttdegrad oi Edk`jggc, p`r uf ifsià` oi rdbigfi=

- Oieeusigf`- Kgft`futg aultiaòidl`

- [ò` l`bdl` if groifda`ftg `xtrdùrgp`g (P.[.D.)

:> Agoieikd iftrgogttd odll’drt. 4 o`l O. Lbs. :4 e`jjrdig :>4? f. ::, if B.P. 44 adrzg :>4?, f. 08 «Dttudzigf` o`lld oir`ttivd:>44/22/P@ kh` agoieikd ld oir`ttivd :>>5/445/K@ kgfk`rf`ft` ld ourdtd oi prgt`zigf` o`l oirittg o'dutgr` ` oi dlkufi oiritti kgff`s-si³. F`lld fugvd egrauldzigf` l’drt. 20 si pr`s`ftd kga` s`bu`= «S4Q Ld ourdtd oì oiritti pr`visti f`l pr`s`ft` kdpg è oi kifqudftd

dffi odlld eissdzigf`. _uttdvid s` ourdft` tdl` p`rigog il egfgbrdaad è l`kitda`ft` pujjlikdtg, i oiritti skdogfg s`ttdftd dffi ogpg ldodtd o`lld priad pujjlikdzigf` l`kitd. S:Q [` f`l p`rigog oi tàpg ifoikdtg f`l priag kgaad fgf sgfg èe`ttudt` pujjlikdzigfi l`kit`` s` il egfgbrdaad è l`kitda`ft` kgaufikdtg dl pujjlikg ourdft` o`ttg p`rigog, i oiritti skdogfg s`ttdftd dffi ogpg ld odtd oi tdl`priad kgaufikdzigf` dl pujjlikg³.







^dr` gppgrtufg prà`tt`r` dl oiskgrsg if`r`ft` il oirittg o’dutgr` uf’iftrgouzigf` b`f`rdl` dl eufzigfda`ftg o`l s` r-vizig ò dlld sud oiskiplifd b`f`rdl`.

?.4.- Jr`v` iftrgouzigf` d Edk`jggc

Edk`jggc è ufd sgki`tî aultifdzigfdl` kgf sò` if O`ldwdr` (P.[.D.) ld kui sukkursdl` ùrgp`d è kgllgkdtd d Oujli-fg. [àjrd gppgrtufg o`skriv`r` sgaadrida`ft` ld pidttdegrad pr`sd if kgfsio`rdzigf`. [i trdttd `ss`fzidla`ft` oi uf

pgrtdl`, gp`rdtivg odl :>>?, if kui l’ut`ft` kgfoivio` ifegradzigfi p`rsgfdli, iaadbifi ` lifc `st`rfi if agog edkil` ò if-tuitivg kgf dltri ut`fti, kgf i qudli puú riadf`r` if kgff`ssigf`. Il sitg hd sujitg oiv`rs` agoieikh` ` dbbigrfda`fti, trd kuil’ift`brdzigf` kgf ufd khdt ‛ oi r`k`ft`, dfkh` vio`g ‛ ` l’dp`rturd dll’iaplà`ftdzigf` oi sgbb`tti t`rzi, i qudli egrfiskg-fg (dfkh` d pdbda`ftg) i lgrg s`rvizi dttrdv`rsg qu`std strutturd. Ld priad pdbifd kgfsist` `ss`fzidla`ft` if ufd sgrtdoi “jdkh`kd‑ if kui sgfg visudlizzdt` l` fgtizi` più r`k`fti r`ldtiv` di prgpri “kgftdtti‑ ò dll` pdbif` prè`rit`.

?.:.- Edk`jggc ` ld kgfoivisigf` o`ll` ifegradzigfi od pdrt` o`bli ut`fti

L` kgfoizigfi oi utilizzg oì s`rvizi oi sgkidl f`twgrc sgfg ripgrtdt` sui risp`ttivi siti.If qu`std sò` fgf è pgssijil` `sdaifdr` dpprgegfoitda`ft` tutt` l` kldusgl` kgftrdttudli, ad è util` kgapi`r` dlku-

f` gss`rvdzigfi:4=

(4) Ld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` o`l adt`ridl` ifs`ritg su Edk`jggc riadf` if kdpg di risp`ttivi titgldri.d. Tuifoi, s` l’ut`ft` kh` iftrgouk` if tdli sistài i eil`s f` o`ti`f` i oiritti, fulld kdajid.j. [` ifv`k` l’ut`ft` fgf è titgldr` oì oiritti sul adt`ridl` kh` “kdrikd‑ sui s`rv`r, if pdrtikgldr` qu`llg oi

oieeusigf`, dllgrd kgaa`tt` uf ill`kitg s`kgfog l` r`bgl` b`f`rdli.(:) F`l aga`ftg st`ssg if kui l’ut`ft` “kdrikd‑ i eil`s su Edk`jggc, p`r kgftrdttg kò` ufd lik`fzd oi utilizzg fgf sglg

di b`stgri o`l sitg, ad dfkh` di lgrg dv`fti kdusd ò di t`rzi kgf i qudli l’ut`ft` kgfoivio` l` ifegradzigfi. If sg-stdfzd, l` ifegradzigfi pgssgfg riadf`r` su Edk`jggc dfkh` ogpg kh` sgfg stdt` `liaifdt` odll’ut`ft`.

(;) È l’ut`ft` d o`t`raifdr` l’grizzgft` oì o`stifdtdri o`ll` ifegradzigfi pujjlikdt` sul sitg. Ifedtti puú dutgfgad-a`ft` b`stir` oiv`rsi brdoi oi kgfoivisigf`, kgfs`ft`fog dfkh` d tutti ‛ dfkh` d khi fgf è iskrittg dl sitg ‛ oi vi-sudlizzdr` l` ifegradzigfi kh` iftrgouk` if r`t`.

(?) È vi`tdtg kgftrdttudla`ft` kgaa`tt`r` vigldzigfi o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` dttrdv`rsg edk`jggc. Tu`stg oivi`tg

hd ril`vdfzd f`bgzidl`.(0) L’ut`ft` utilizzd il sistàd d sug riskhig ` p`rikglg::. Tudlgrd uf ut`ft` si rit`f`ss` l`sg fì sugi oiritti, puú dtti-vdr` ufd prgkòurd oi s`bfdldzigf`. Dllg st`ssg agog, qudlgrd uf ut`ft` rit`f`ss` kh` i sugi kgft`futi sidfgstdti riagssi s`fzd biustieikdzigf`, puú èe`ttudr` uf r`kldag pr`ssg il b`stgr` o`l sitg.

Il prgjlàd `ss`fzidl` o`l kgpyribht fì sgkidl f`twgrc è iftrifs`kg dll’dttg o`lld “kgfoivisigf`‑.L’dutgr` kgfoivio` l’gp`rd fgf sgltdftg kgf il titgldr` o`l sistàd oi kgfoivisigf` (Edk`jggc), ad dfkh` kgf bli dltri

ut`fti (bli “daiki‑).Zisp`ttg dl priag, sussist` uf rdppgrtg kgftrdttudl`.Fì kgfergfti oì s`kgfoi, fgf sussist` ifv`k` dlkuf rdppgrtg biurioikg. @ssi sgfg d tutti bli èe`tti “t`rzi‑.

Ui sgfg iapgrtdfti kgfs`bu`fz`.Kgf rie`ria`ftg dl titgldr` o`l sistàd oi kgfoivisigf`, il adt`ridl` “kdrikdtg‑ riadf` drkhividtg dfkh` ogpg kh`

l’ut`ft` lg hd “`liaifdtg‑, kigè r`sg fgf più visijil` dbli dltri ut`fti.

:4 «^`r qudftg ribudrod i kgft`futi kgp`rti od oiritti oi prgpri`tî, do `sàpig egtg ` vio`g ("Kgft`futi I^"), l'ut`ft` kgfkò` d Ed-k`jggc l` s`bu`fti dutgrizzdzigfi, sgbb`tt` dll` iapgstdzigfi sulld privdky ` dll` iapgstdzigfi o`ll` dpplikdzigfi= l'ut`ft` kgfkò` dEdk`jggc ufd lik`fzd fgf `sklusivd, trdse`rijil`, kh` puú `ss`r` kgfk`ssd kga` sgttglik`fzd, lij`rd od rgydlty ` vdliod if tuttg ilagfog, p`r l'utilizzg oi qudlsidsi Kgft`futg I^ pujjlikdtg su Edk`jggc g if kgff`ssigf` kgf Edk`jggc ("Lik`fzd I^"). Ld Lik`fzd I^t`raifd f`l aga`ftg if kui l'ut`ft` `liaifd il sug dkkguft g i Kgft`futi I^ pr`s`fti sul sug dkkguft, d a`fg kh` tdli kgft`futi fgfsidfg stdti kgfoivisi kgf t`rzi ` kh` qu`sti fgf li djjidfg `liaifdti ³ (:.4) https=//www.edk`jggc.kga/l`bdl/t`ras.

:: «KI IA^@BFIDAG D ADF_@F@Z@ EDK@JGGC D__IUG, @[@F_@ OD @ZZGZI @ [IKPZG, AD L'P_@F_@ DKK@__D OI P_I-LI]]DZLG D [PG ZI[KHIG @ ^@ZIKGLG. EDK@JGGC UI@F@ EGZFI_G KG[Ì KGA'È, [@F]D DLKPFD BDZDF]ID @[^Z@[-[D G IA^LIKI_D, _ZD KPI, D _I_GLG @[@A^LIEIKD_IUG, L@ BDZDF]I@ IA^LIKI_@ OI KGAA@ZKIDJILI_Î, IOGF@I_Î D PFG[KG^G [^@KIEIKG G FGF UIGLD]IGF@³ (45.;) https=//www.edk`jggc.kga/l`bdl/t`ras.






_`stg oispgfijil` su lik`fzd Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs - http=//kr`dtiv`kgaagfs.grb/lik`fs`s/jy-fk-fo/:.0/o`ò.it 4: / :5

Kidskuf ut`ft`, p`r kgfv`rsg, puú “kgfoivio`r`‑ il adt`ridl` “kdrikdtg‑ odbli dltri. Kgsì edk`fog, p`rú, il adt`ridl` r i-adf` visijil` dfkh` ogpg kh` l’ut`ft` lg hd “`liaifdtg‑.

If `stràd sift`si, fì sistài oi “kgfoivisigf`‑ l’dutgr` p`ro` il kgftrgllg o`lld sud gp`rd, kh` kgftifud dkirkgldr` ` riadf` gflif` kga` s` fgf bli dppdrt`f`ss` più, dfzi, kga` s` fgf bli egss` adi dppdrt`futd.

?.4.- (*) Kgfoizigfi oi utilizzg oi Edk`jggc ril`vdfti p`r il oirittg o’dutgr`

https=//www.edk`jggc.kga/`bdl/t`ras :. Kgfoivisigf` oì kgft`futi ` o`ll` ifegradzigfiL'ut`ft` è il prgpri`tdrig oi tutti i kgft`futi ` l` ifegradzigfi pujjlikdt` su Edk`jggc ` puú kgftrglld-

r` if kh` agog pgssgfg `ss`r` kgfoivis` aòidft` l` iapgstdzigfi sulld privdky ` o`ll` dpplikdzigfi.Ifgltr`=

^`r qudftg ribudrod i kgft`futi kgp`rti od oiritti oi prgpri`tî, do `sàpig egtg ` vio`g (Kgft`futiI^), l'ut`ft` kgfkò` d Edk`jggc l` s`bu`fti dutgrizzdzigfi, sgbb`tt` dll` iapgstdzigfi sulld privdky ò`ll` dpplikdzigfi o`ll'ut`ft` st`ssg= l'ut`ft` egrfisk` d Edk`jggc ufd lik`fzd fgf `sklusivd, trd-se`rijil`, kh` puú `ss`r` kgfk`ssd kga` sgttg-lik`fzd, lij`rd od rgydlty ` vdliod if tuttg il agf-og, kh` kgfs`ft` l'utilizzg oi qudlsidsi Kgft`futg I^ pujjlikdtg su Edk`jggc g if kgff`ssigf`kgf Edk`jggc (Lik`fzd I^). Ld Lik`fzd I^ t`raifd f`l aga`ftg if kui l'ut`ft` `liaifd i Kgft`futi

I^ pr`s`fti sul sug dkkguft, d a`fg kh` tdli kgft`futi fgf sidfg stdti kgfoivisi kgf t`rzi ` kh`qu`sti fgf li djjidfg `liaifdti.

Tudfog l'ut`ft` `liaifd Kgft`futi I^, qu`sti v`fbgfg `liaifdti if agog siail` d qudfog si svug-td il k`stifg o`l kgaput`r. _uttdvid, è pgssijil` kh` i kgft`futi riagssi v`fbdfg kgfs`rvdti kga` kgpiòi jdkcup p`r uf o`t`raifdtg p`rigog oi tàpg (pur fgf `ss`fog visijili do dltri).

Tudfog si usd uf'dpplikdzigf`, i kgft`futi ` l` ifegradzigfi v`fbgfg a`ssi if kgfoivisigf` kgfl'dpplikdzigf`. L` dpplikdzigfi o`vgfg risp`ttdr` ld privdky o`ll'ut`ft`, ò è l'dkkgrog dkk`ttdtg dl ag-a`ftg o`ll'dbbiuftd o`ll'dpplikdzigf` kh` kgftrglld il agog if kui l'dpplikdzigf` puú utilizzdr`, drkhividr`` trdse`rir` i kgft`futi ` l` ifegradzigfi (ult`rigri ifegradzigfi sulld îdttdegrad sgfg oispgfijili f`lldfgstrd Fgradtivd sulld privdky ` f`lld pdbifd o`lld îdttdegrad).

Tudfog l'ut`ft` pujjlikd kgft`futi g ifegradzigfi usdfog l'iapgstdzigf` tutti, kgfkò` dtutti, dfkh` dll` p`rsgf` kh` fgf sgfg iskritt` d Edk`jggc, oi dkkò`r` ` usdr` tdli ifegradzigfi` oi dssgkidrl` dl sug prgeilg (gvv`rg dl sug fga` ` dlld sud iaadbif`) .

I kgaa`fti g i subb`ria`fti o`bli ut`fti r`ldtivi d Edk`jggc sgfg sàpr` j`fv`futi. _uttdvid, l'u-

t`ft` o`v` `ss`r` dl kgrr`ft` o`l edttg kh` pgtràag usdrli s`fzd dlkuf gjjlibg oi kgap`fsg fì sugikgfergfti (dllg st`ssg agog if kui l'ut`ft` fgf è gjjlibdtg d egrfirli).

0. ^rgt`zigf` oì oiritti oi t`rziEdk`jggc risp`ttd i oiritti oi t`rzi ` si dsp`ttd kh` l'ut`ft` edkkid lg st`ssg.È vi`tdtg pujjlikdr` g `s`buir` dzigfi su Edk`jggc kh` viglifg i oiritti oi t`rzi g viglifg if dl-

trg agog ld l`bb`.Ki ris`rvidag il oirittg oi riaugv`r` tutti i kgft`futi pujjlikdti su Edk`jggc, fì kdsi if kui si rit`fbd

kh` viglifg ld pr`s`ft` Oikhidrdzigf`.Edk`jggc egrfirî bli strua`fti f`k`ssdri dlld prgt`zigf` oì oiritti oi prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` o`ll'ut`f-

t`. ^`r ult`rigri ifegradzigfi, visitdr` ld pdbifd Kga` s`bfdldr` r`kldai oi vigldzigf` o`lld prgpri`tîift`ll`ttudl`.

[` djjidag `liaifdtg oì kgft`futi p`rkhé kgfsio`rdti if vigldzigf` oì oiritti ift`ll`ttudli oi t`rzi, `l'ut`ft` kh` li hd pujjlikdti riti`f` kh` ki sid stdtg uf `rrgr`, hd ld pgssijilitî oi pr`s`ftdr` rikgrsg.[` l'ut`ft` vigld rip`tutda`ft` i oiritti oi prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` oi t`rzi, Edk`jggc oisdjilit`rî

il sug dkkguft fì kdsi if kui lg rit`rrî gppgrtufg.È vi`tdtg l'usg oì fgstri kgpyribht g adrkhi r`bistrdti (ifklusi Edk`jggc, il lgbg Edk`jggc ò E, EJ,

Edk`, ^gc`, Rdll ` ;:550), g oi siajgli siaili kh` pgssgfg ifourr` d kgfegfo`rsi, s`fzd il fgstrg pr`vigkgfs`fsg skrittg.

[` l'ut`ft` rdkkgbli` ifegradzigfi od dltri ut`fti, si iap`bfd d= gtt`f`r` ld lgrg dutgrizzdzig-f`, sp`kieikdr` oi `ss`r` lui/lì (` fgf Edk`jggc) d rdkkgbli`r` l` ifegradzigfi, ` pujjlikdr` ufdsud Fgradtivd sulld privdky kh` spi`bhi qudli ifegradzigfi rdkkgbli` ` kga` l` utilizzd.

È vi`tdtg pujjlikdr` ogkua`fti oi io`ftitî g ifegradzigfi eifdfzidri` s`fsijili su Edk`jggc.È vi`tdtg tdbbdr` g ifvidr` ifviti vid `-adil d p`rsgf` kh` fgf sgfg ut`fti oi Edk`jggc s`fzd il lgrg

kgfs`fsg.

https=//www.edk`jggc.kga/l`bdl/kgpyribht.php7hgwtgWdpp`dl14 Kga` edr` dpp`llg d ufd s`bfdldzigf` oi pr`suftd vigldzigf` o`l kgpyribht


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_`stg oispgfijil` su lik`fzd Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs - http=//kr`dtiv`kgaagfs.grb/lik`fs`s/jy-fk-fo/:.0/o`ò.it 4; / :5

Edk`jggc risp`ttd il kgpyribht oi t`rzi ` vi`td dbli ut`fti oi kdrikdr`, pujjlikdr` g trdsa`tt`r` if dltrgagog sul sitg R`j oi Edk`jggc qudlsidsi adt`ridl` kh` vigli il kgpyribht oi t`rzi. Pfd o`ll` kgfs`bu`fzòi qu`std aisurd è ld riagzigf` oì kgft`futi kh` ki v`fbgfg s`bfdldti di s`fsi o`l Oibitdl Aill`ffiuaKgpyribht Dkt (42 P.[.K. § 04:), fgtg kga` OAKD.

[` od uf ldtg è v`rg kh` Edk`jggc fgf tgll`rd vigldzigfi o`l kgpyribht, è dltr`ttdftg v`rg kh` l` s`-bfdldzigfi oi vigldzigfi edls` fgf sgfg dkk`ttdjili. [` riti`fi kh` oì kgft`futi kh` hdi pujjlikdtg sul sitgsidfg stdti riagssi p`r `rrgr`, pugi ifvidrki ufd kgftrgfgtieikd OAKD usdfog l’dppgsitg agoulg oi kgf-trgfgtieikd. [` ld tud kgftrgfgtieikd è egfodtd, ld ifgltr`ràg dl titgldr` oì oiritti kh` ki hd ifvidtg ld s`-

bfdldzigf`. Il OAKD stdjilisk` kh` d qu`stg puftg sdràg if brdog oi ripristifdr` i kgft`futi s`bfdldtis` il titgldr` oì oiritti fgf iftrdpr`fo` uf prgk`ssg l`bdl` kgftrg oi t` `ftrg 4> bigrfi ldvgrdtivi odlld ri-k`zigf` o`lld kgpid o`lld tud kgftrgfgtieikd.

F`l kdsg if kui uf ut`ft` ifvii ufd kgftrgfgtieikd rit`futd fgf egfodtd, if kui dee`rai kh` i sugi kgf-t`futi sgfg stdti riagssi p`r `rrgr`, il OAKD lg riti`f` r`spgfsdjil` oi `v`ftudli odffi. [` fgf sì sikurgo`lld egfodt`zzd o`lld tud kgftrgfgtieikd, quifoi, kgfsultd uf l`bdl` priad oi ifvidrki ufd kgftrgfgtieikdOAKD.

https=//www.edk`jggc.kga/prifkipl`s.php (^rifkipi oi Edk`jggc):. ^rgpri`tî ` kgftrgllg o`ll` ifegradzigfiGbfi ut`ft` è prgpri`tdrig o`ll` prgpri` ifegradzigfi. Kidskuf ut`ft` ogvr`jj` dv`r` ld lij`rtî oi

kgfoivio`r` tdli ifegradzigfi kgf khiufqu` o`sio`ri ` oi pgrtdrl` kgf sé if qudlsidsi lugbg, fgfkhé ld li-j`rtî oi riaugv`rl` odl s`rvizig oi Edk`jggc. Bli ut`fti ogvr`jj`rg dv`r` ld lij`rtî oi o`kio`r` kgf khikgfoivio`r` l` ifegradzigfi ` oi iapgstdr` i kgftrglli o`lld privdky p`r prgt`bb`r` tdli o`kisigfi. Tu`sti

kgftrglli, tuttdvid, fgf sgfg if brdog oi liaitdr` ld agodlitî oi utilizzg o`ll` ifegradzigfi od pdrt` o`bliut`fti kh` l` rik`vgfg, if pdrtikgldr` dl oi eugri o`l s`rvizig oi Edk`jggc.

https=//www.edk`jggc.kga/djgut/privdky/gth`r (Dlkuf` kgs` od sdp`r`)[de` hdrjgrEdk`jggc do`risk` dfkh` dl qudorg o`ll'Pfigf` @urgp`d [de` Hdrjgr, sviluppdtg odl Aifist`rg o`l-

lg [viluppg @kgfgaikg p`r r`bgldr` ld rdkkgltd, l'usg ` il adft`fia`ftg oì odti prgv`fi`fti odll'Pfigf`@urgp`d. F`l qudorg o`lld fgstrd pdrt`kipdzigf` d [de` Hdrjgr, ki iap`bfidag d risglv`r` aòidft`_ZP[_` tutt` l` `v`ftudli oisput` trd t` ` fgi if r`ldzigf` dll` fgstr` fgradtiv` ` dll` r`ldtiv` prgkòu-r`. ^`r visudlizzdr` ld fgstrd k`rtieikdzigf`, visitd il sitg R`j oi [de` Hdrjgr o`l Aifist`rg o`llg [viluppg@kgfgaikg o`bli [tdti Pfiti.

https=//www.edk`jggc.kga/h`lp/7edq1:?05>5>>885:945KgpyribhtIf jds` dlld l`bb` oi aglti ^d`si, il kgpyribht è il oirittg l`bdl`:; kh` prgt`bb` l` gp`r` oi pdt`rfitî

ift`ll`ttudl` gribifdli, kga` lijri, ausikd, eila ` drt`. If aglti ^d`si, il kgpyribht fgf prgt`bb` edtti, io``,sistài g a`tgoi gp`rdtivi, kh` tdlvgltd pgssgfg `ss`r` prgt`tti od dltri oiritti. Oi sglitg, il kgpyribht fgfprgt`bb` edtti ` io``, ad puú prgt`bb`r` pdrgl` g iaadbifi gribifdli kh` `spriagfg uf'io`d.

Il kgpyribht, kgaufqu`, fgf prgt`bb` tutt` l` `spr`ssigfi. Kga` spi`bdtg odll'P.[. Kgpyribht Geei-k`, "il kgpyribht fgf prgt`bb` fgai, titgli, slgbdf g erdsi jr`vi, kh` if dlkufi kdsi pgssgfg `ss`r` prgt`ttikga` adrkhi kgaa`rkidli".

Ogadfo` er`qu`ftiKgsd o`vg edr` s` vgblig kdrikdr` kgft`futi su Edk`jggc ad fgf sgfg sikurg s` kiú vigld il

kgpyribht oi qudlkufg7[` fgf sì sikurg oi oispgrr` oì oiritti l`bdli f`k`ssdri p`r l'utilizzg oi kgft`futi, fgf kdrikdrli su

Edk`jggc. [` hdi biî kdrikdtg kgft`futi pur fgf oispgf`fog oì r`ldtivi oiritti l`bdli, o`vi riaugv`rli. [`fgf pgssiòi il kgpyribht oì kgft`futi kh` vugi pujjlikdr`, pujjlikdrli s`fzd l'dutgrizzdzigf` o`l titgldr`

o`l kgpyribht puú kgstituir` ufd vigldzigf` o`lld l`bb`.Kga` edkkig d sdp`r` s` ai è kgfs`ftitg pujjlikdr` ldvgri prgt`tti od kgpyribht sul sitg7[` il kgft`futg è prgt`ttg od kgpyribht, o`vi `ss`r` il titgldr` o`l kgpyribht, dv`r` l'dutgrizzdzigf`

o`l titgldr` o`l kgpyribht g pgssò`r` dltrg titglg l`bdl` p`r pujjlikdr` il kgft`futg. F`bli [tdti Pfiti ` ifaglti ^d`si, il titgldr` o`l kgpyribht è ld p`rsgfd kh` hd kr`dtg gribifdrida`ft` il kgft`futg (kga` ldp`rsgfd kh` hd skdttdtg ld egtg). Il titgldr` o`l kgpyribht fgf è f`k`ssdrida`ft` rikhi`stg p`r r`bistrdrìl kgpyribht. Do `sàpig, sp`ssg ufd p`rsgfd kh` skdttd ufd egtg pgssiò` il kgpyribht p`r qu`lld egtgfgf dpp`fd è stdtd skdttdtd, s`fzd kh` sid rikhi`std dlkufd r`bistrdzigf`. Il edttg oi kgapdrir` if ufd eg-tg, ifv`k`, fgf sibfieikd pgssò`rf` il kgpyribht. Dfdlgbda`ft`, pgssò`r` qudlkgsd kh` kgapdr` f`l-ld egtg, kga` uf kdf` g uf'dutg, fgf oî oirittg d rikhiò`r` il kgpyribht o`lld egtg. Ifgltr`, kitdr` ld p`r-sgfd kh` hd kr`dtg il kgft`futg g f`bdr` ld prgpri`tî o`l kgft`futg oi sglitg fgf è sueeiki`ft` p`r `vitd-r` ld vigldzigf`. If kdsg oi oujji, kgfsultd uf dvvgkdtg g dltr` risgrs` l`bdli.

Zit`fbg oi `ss`r` titgldr` oì oiritti oi kgpyribht p`r uf fga` kh` usg p`r skgpi kgaa`rkid-li, kga` uf ogaifig Ift`rf`t.

:; Fgtdr` ld trdouzigf`, v`rgsiaila`ft` ripr`sd od “[tdtut` ldw‑.


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6 (*) Ld prgsp`ttivd o`ll’`sklusivitî o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl`= “fugvg oirittg o’dutgr`‑ ̀ «Oibitdl Kgpyribht³ 6

_`stg oispgfijil` su lik`fzd Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs - http=//kr`dtiv`kgaagfs.grb/lik`fs`s/jy-fk-fo/:.0/o`ò.it 4? / :5

Ld prgt`zigf` o`l kgpyribht hd uf dajitg oi dpplikdzigf` liaitdtg. Do `sàpig, f`bli [tdti Pfiti,kga` spi`bdtg odll'P.[. Kgpyribht Geeik`, "l` l`bbi sul kgpyribht fgf prgt`bbgfg i fgai oi ogaifig" `"fgf prgt`bbgfg fgai, titgli, slgbdf g erdsi jr`vi". ^`r adbbigri ifegradzigfi sull'dajitg oi dpplikdzigfò`lld prgt`zigf` o`l kgpyribht f`bli [tdti Pfiti, visitd il sitg R`j o`ll'P.[. Kgpyribht Geeik`.

Dfkh` dltri ^d`si egrfiskgfg ifegradzigfi utili r`ldtivda`ft` dll'dajitg oi dpplikdzigf` o`lld prgt`-zigf` o`l kgpyribht. ^`r uf `l`fkg oì siti R`j kgf ifegradzigfi sul kgpyribht p`r i vdri ^d`si, visitd ldoir`ktgry o`lld Rgrlo Ift`ll`ktudl ^rgp`rty Grbdfizdtigf.

^`r adbbigri ifegradzigfi su dltri tipi oi vigldzigf` oì oiritti oi prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl`, visitd ld s`zig-

f` r`ldtivd dlld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` o`l fgstrg K`ftrg dssist`fzd.Bli ut`fti pgssgfg kdrikdr` vio`g kgaa`rkidli prgv`fi`fti od egfti `st`rf` d Edk`jggc7I vio`g oi Edk`jggc sgfg stdti kgfk`piti p`r kgfs`ftir` dbli ut`fti oi kdrikdr` ` kgfoivio`r` kgf-

t`futi p`rsgfdli. Djjidag prgb`ttdtg l'dpplikdzigf` p`r skgrdbbidr` l'usg iaprgprig, ` i fgstri ut`fti dk-k`ttdfg oi kdrikdr` sglg vio`g oi fdturd p`rsgfdl` su oi lgrg g sui prgpri daiki gppur` kr`dti od lgrg godi prgpri daiki.

[gfg titgldr` o`l kgpyribht oì kgft`futi kh` hg ripr`sg kgf ld aid t`l`kda`rd g t`lègfgodlld t`l`visigf`, if uf kgfk`rtg if oir`ttd g uf `v`ftg spgrtivg7

[glg p`rkhé hdi r`bistrdtg il kgft`futg kgf uf tug oispgsitivg fgf sibfieikd f`k`ssdrida`ft` kh`tu oispgfbd o`l kgpyribht o`l adt`ridl` g o`ll'dutgrizzdzigf` do utilizzdrlg. F`bdr` ld prgpri`tî o`l kgf-t`futg fgf ti prgt`bb` odlld vigldzigf` o`l kgpyribht o`l v`rg pgss`ssgr`. ^`r qudlsidsi ogadfod sulpgss`ssg o`ll'dutgrizzdzigf` l`bdl` d pujjlikdr` qudlsidsi kgft`futg, priad oi kdrikdrlg sul sitg R`j oiEdk`jggc, kgfsultd il tug l`bdl`.

Tudlkufg std pujjlikdfog egtg fgf dutgrizzdt` oi aig eiblig kh` è aifgr`ff`.^`r adbbigri ifegradzigfi sull` egtg ` i vio`g fgf dutgrizzdti ` su kga` s`bfdldr` f`l agog kgr-

r`ttg i kgft`futi, visitd ld pdbifd o`l K`ftrg dssist`fzd kh` s`bu`=https=//www.edk`jggc.kga/h`lp/7edq142:88.

^`r adbbigri ifegradzigfi sull'dajitg oi dpplikdzigf` o`lld prgt`zigf` o`l kgpyribht f`bli [tdti Pfiti,visitd il sitg R`j o`ll'P.[. Kgpyribht Geeik`

0.- (*) Ld prgsp`ttivd o`ll’`sklusivitî o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl`= “fugvg oirittg o’dutgr`‑ ` «Oibitdl Kgpyribht³

Ld f`k`ssitî oi oiskiplifdr` ld oistrijuzigf` ` l'utilizzg oi gp`r` ift`ll`ttudli if egradtg oibitdl` kgstituisk` il adbbigr`prgjlàd o`ll'dttudl` oirittg o'dutgr`. L` fgra` stdjilit` d tdl eif` sgfg o`fgaifdt` kga` Oibitdl Kgpyribht ` si pgssgfgoistifbu`r` d s`kgfod kh` ribudroifg dkkgrbia`fti t`kfiki g kldusgl` kgftrdttudli.

0.4.- Il qudorg fgradtivg oi rie`ria`ftg

(4) Oirittg ift`rfdzigfdlÌl oirittg o'dutgr` è rikgfgskiutg d liv`llg ift`rfdzigfdl` od ufd s`ri` oi strua`fti b`f`rdli oi tut`ld=

- drt. :2 kgaad : o`lld Oikhidrdzigf` oì Oiritti o`ll’Pgag o`l 49?8 - drt. 42 kgaad : o`lld Kdrtd Egfoda`ftdl` oì oirittg o`ll’Pfigf` @urgp`d o`l :>>> Ui sgfg p`rú dfkh` sp`kieiki a`zzi oi bdrdfzid=- Kgfv`fzigf` oi J`rfd o`l 4885 (vòdsi od ultiag ld L`bb` ;99/4928)- Dkkgrog _ZI^[ (_rdo` Z`ldtò Dsp`kts ge Ift`ll`ktudl ^rgp`rty Zibhts, _ZI^[) o`l 499?:?, kgfklusivg oì f`bg-

zidti r`ldtivi dll'Prubudy Zgufo , kgstitutivi o`l R_G3

- RI^G, R__^, ou` trdttdti sgttgskritti d Bif`vrd il :> Oikàjr` 4995 pr`ssg l’Grbdfizzdzigf` agfoidl` p`r ldprgt`zigf` o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` (GAÎ, dll’ifbl`s` RI^G):0.

D qu`sti strua`fti ift`rfdzigfdli gkkgrr` dbbiufb`rf` ufg kh`, p`r l` qu`stigfi sgll`vdt`, a`ritd ufd sp`kieikd kgfsi-o`rdzigf`. [i trdttd o`l “edaib`rdtg‑ dkkgrog DK_D ( Dfti-Kguft`reìtifb _rdo` Dbr`à`ft ) l` kui kldusgl` sgfg stdt` riv`-ldt` dll’gpifigf` pujjlikd sglg ogpg ld stipuld. [i trdtt`rî qu`stg drbga`ftg f`lld prgssiad oisp`fsd.

(:) Tudorg fgradtivg kgaufitdrig ` itdlidfg

Ld oiskiplifd itdlidfd, if pdssdtg riufitd biî if uf t`stg ufikg f`l 4884, eu riffgvdtd f`lld l`bb` 5;;/49?4 ò ift`brdtdf`l 49?: od dlkuf` oispgsizigfi o`l Kgoik` Kivil`. [u qu`stg, kh` pgssidag oèifir` kga` il fukl`g gribifdrig o`ll'dttudl`

:? Kgfv`fzigf` B`f`rdl` subli dsp`tti kgaa`rkidli o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl`, r`k`pitd kgf L. 2?2/499?.:0 RI^G Kgpyribht _r`dty (RK_) “_rdttdtg sul oirittg o’dutgr`‑ ` RI^G ^`regradfk`s dfo ^hgfgbrdas _r`dty (R^^_),“_rdttdtg sullìft`rpr`tdzigfi, l` `s`kuzigfi ` i egfgbrdaai‑.







fgradtivd, sgfg stdt` gp`rdt` fua`rgs` ift`rpgldzigfi ogvut` do dlkuf` riegra` oi stdapg pujjlikistikg:5 ad sgprdttuttgodt` odll’do`sigf` dll’Pfigf` @urgp`d.

Pfigf` @urgp`d --6 Z`pujjlikd Itdlidfd

Oir. 4994/:0>/K@ O. Lbs. 048/499: if a`ritg dlld tut l̀d oì prgbrdaai p`r l̀djgrdtgr`

Oir. 499:/4>>/K@ O. Lbs. 580/499?, if tàd oi fgl`bbig ` pr`stitg

Oir. 4995/9/K@ O. Lbs. 459/4999, r`ldtivg dlld tut`ld o`ll` jdfkh` oi odti

Oir. 4998/24/K@ O. Lbs. 90/:>>4, prgt`zigf` biurioikd oi ois`bfi ` ago`lli

Oir. :>>4/:9/K@. O. Lbs. 58/:>>;, oiskiplifd o`bli dsp`tti r`ldtivi dlld [gki`tî o`ll'Ifegradzigf`.

Oir. :>>?/?8/K@ O. Lbs. 4?/:>>5, sul risp`ttg oì oiritti oi prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl` :2

Oir. :>44/22/P@ O. Lbs. ::/:>4?, sulld ourdtd o`lld tut`ld

Gkkgrr` ifgltr` s`bfdldr` l'ifdspria`ftg sdfzigfdtgrig ogvutg dl O.L. 2:/:>>? “Prjdfi‑, kgfv`rtitg k gf L.4:8/:>>?, iftàd oi kgfoivisigf` oi eil`s aòidft` r`ti p``r tg p``r, r`k`ftà`ft` ift`brdtg kgf O.L. 2/:>>0, d sud vgltd kgfv`rtitg `kgft`studla`ft` agoieikdtg kgf L. ?;/:>>0.

0.:.- Ld prgt`zigf` t`kfglgbikd= il Oibitdl Zibhts Adfdbà`ft

Gkkgrr` rikgfgsk`r` l` ifeifit` pgssijilitî kgfk`ss` dll’ut`ft` eifdl` od pdrt` o`ll` t`kfglgbi` ifegradt ikh`= fgf sglg ilkgft`futg puú `ss`r` agoieikdtg (do `sàpig, ri`ldjgrdfog uf’iaadbif`), ad dfkh` ` sgprdttuttg l'gp`rd st`ssd puú`ss`r` ouplikdtd p`r uf fua`rg ifeifitg oi vglt`. L'gji`ttivg prifkipdl` o`lld rik`rkd ski`ftieikd ` o`ll'`ldjgrdzigf` biurioikdè `ss`fzidla`ft` qu`llg oi ifoivioudr` fugvi strua`fti p`r kgftrglldr` (` quifoi liaitdr`) l` edkgltî o`ll'ut`ft`.

Bli stuoi più r`k`fti hdffg kgfk`pitg ld B`stigf` oibitdl` oì oiritti o’dutgr` (OZA, Oibitdl Zibhts Adfdbà`ft ), kh`sgfg il v`rg ` prgprig fukl`g oi uf fugvg sistàd t`kfglgbikg agltg kgapl`ssg, t`sg d prò`t`raifdr` l` agodlitî st`s-s` o`lld eruizigf` o`ll’gp`rd ` quifoi d p`ra`tt`r` dll'dutgr` il kgftrgllg o`lld kgfogttd o`l o`stifdtdrig o`lld aò`siad.

Tu`st` ifv`fzigfi, pr`vist` odbli dkkgroi ift`rfdzigfdli ‛ drt.44 o`l RK_ ` drt.48 o`l R^^_ ‛ sgfg stdt` dkkglt` odl-ld l`bisldzigf` sul kgpyribht più r`k`ft`, if P.[.D.:8 ` f`ll'Pfigf` @urgp`d:9, oi kgfs`bu`fzd dfkh` f`l fgstrg groifd-a`ftg. [gfg, sì, uf «dftieurtg oibitdl`³;>, ad dfkh` agltg oi più. Il edttg kh` il oistrijutgr` o`ll'gp`rd pgssd adft`f`r` ufkgftrgllg sull'utilizzg o`lld aò`siad iaplikd `fgrai prgjlài, sgprdttuttg r`ldtivda`ft` dlld tut`ld o`lld privdky o`l kgf-suadtgr` (i kui busti p`rsgfdli pgssgfg `ss`r` edkila`ft` skhòdti odi titgldri o`l sistàd oi prgt`zigf`).

[i pgssgfg oistifbu`r` ou` strua`fti f`l OZA=(4) L` ifegradzigfi sul r`bia` oì oiritti (KAI, Kgpyribht Adfdbà`ft Ifegradtigf)3

(:) L` aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi prgt`zigf` (o’grd if pgi A_^).

:5 [i kitdfg if pdrtikgldr`= L. :?8/:>>>, if riegrad o`l oirittg o'dutgr`, L. 5:/:>>4 if adt`rid oi òitgrid `l`ttrgfikd.:2 If `ssg si stdjilisk` ufd pr`sufzigf` sulld titgldritî o`l oirittg o'dutgr`= «Kdpg UII-jis - _itgldritd' oì oiritti kgff`ssi - Drt. 99-jis. -4. @' r`putdtg titgldr` oi uf oirittg kgff`ssg, sdlvg prgvd kgftrdrid, khi, f`ll` egra` o'usg, `' ifoivioudtg kga` tdl` fì adt`ridli prg-t`tti, gvv`rg `' dffufkidtg kga` tdl` f`lld r`kitdzigf`, `s`kuzigf`, rdppr`s`ftdzigf` g kgaufikdzigf` dl pujjlikg.³. Ifgltr` si iftrg-ouk` ld edkgltî p`r il biuoik` oi stdjilir` ufd sgaad ogvutd p`r gbfi vigldzigf` sukk`ssivd dll'ifbiufzigf` oi kui dll'drt. 405, sdlv` lòispgsizigfi r`ldtiv` di prgvio`rs, O. Lbs. 2>/:>>;.

:8 _h` Oibitdl Aill`ffiua Kgpyribht Dkt , (OAKD) o`l :8 Gttgjr` 4998, ûjjl. L. Fg. 4>; ‛ ;>?.:9 [i kitdfg, sgltdftg p`r qudftg ribudrod l'Pfigf` @urgp`d, il Lijrg U`ro` o`l 4988, il Lijrg U`ro` o`l 4990, ld kgaufikdzigf` o`l4995, ld o`kisigf` o`l 4998, ld kgaufikdzigf` o`l :8 adbbig :>>: “`@urgp`‑.

;> B. EIFGKKHIDZG, Jdfkh` odti dl sikurg kgf lg skuog o`ll` prgt`zigfi , if «Buiod dl Oirittg³, f. 49 (:>>:), p. 00.







0.:.4.- Kgpyribht Adfdbà`ft Ifegradtigf

Gbfi ogkua`ftg ifegradtikg kgfti`f` ifegradzigfi r`ldtiv` dl sug dutgr`, dlld odtd oi kr`dzigf`, dll’ultiad agoieikd.^gssgfg `ss`r` ifs`riti ult`rigri odti r`ldtivi do `sàpig di oiritti kgff`ssi dlld oistrijuzigf`, dlld r`bistrdzigf` o`ll’gp`rdst`ssd, dll` edkgltî kgfk`ss` g a`fg odl prgouttgr` dl eruitgr`. L` KAI pgssgfg `ss`r` rikgfogtt` sgprdttuttg dlld tut`ldoì oiritti agrdli o`ll’dutgr`= è ̀ vio`ft` l’iapgrtdfzd oi tdli ifegradzigfi, f`l aga`ftg if kui l’gp`rd, if egradtg ̀ l`ttrgfikg,puú `ss`r` trdsa`ssd d brdfo` oistdfzd, ogv` fgf è pgssijil` kgftrglldrf` l’dut`ftikitî. L’dttrijuzigf` o`ll` ifegradzigfi

sull’dutgr` è o`ttd wdt`radrcifb ;4

. L` KAI sgfg stdt` priad pr`vist` d liv`llg ift`rfdzigfdl` ‛ dll’drt.4: o`l RK_ ` dll’drt.49 o`l R^^_ ‛ ` pgi dogttdt` odbli groifda`fti P[D;: ` P@;;, quifoi r`k`pit` odll’Itdlid.

F`l fgstrg groifda`ftg, il O. Lbs. 58/:>>; hd iftrgogttg dll’drt. 4>: quifqui`s kgaad 4 l` “ifegradzigfi `l`ttrgfikh`sul r`bia` oì oiritti‑, l` qudli= «io`ftieikdfg l’gp`rd g il adt`ridl` prgt`ttg, fgfkhé l’dutgr` g qudlsidsi dltrg titgldr` oì o i-ritti. _dli ifegradzigfi pgssgfg dltr`sì kgft`f`r` ifoikdzigfi kirkd i t`raifi g l` kgfoizigfi o’usg o`ll’gp`rd g oì adt`ridli,fgfkhé qudlufqu` fua`rg g kgoik` kh` rdppr`s`fti l` ifegradzigfi st`ss` g dltri `là`fti oi io`ftieikdzigf`³.

Di s`fsi o`ll'drt.424-t`r L. 5;;/49?: «È pufitg, s` il edttg è kgaa`ssg p`r usg fgf p`rsgfdl`, kgf ld r`klusigf` odsì a`si d tr` dffi ` kgf ld aultd od kifqu` d tr`ftd ailigfi oi lir` khiufqu` d eifi oi lukrg³ vigld ufd KAI;?.

Udl` ld p`fd oi fgtdr` l'dapi`zzd o`lld edttisp`ki` oi r`dtg, dlqudftg djfgra`, fgfkhé ld p`fd, piuttgstg `l`vdtd.

0.:.:.- Aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi prgt`zigf`

L` A_^ ift`r`ssdfg adbbigra`ft` di eifi o`lld pr`s`ft` iftrgouzigf`.[i pgssgfg oistifbu`r` ou` kdt`bgri` oi A_^ d s`kgfod o`ll’gbb`ttg o`l kgftrgllg=

(4) Kgftrgllg sull’dkk`ssg dll` ifegradzigfi (`sàpig= ld trdsaissigf` kriptdtd o`ll` t`l`visigfi d pdbda`ftg,pdy-p`r-vi`w) k.o. “dkk`ssg kgfoizigfdtg‑ di s`rvizi o`lld sgki`tî o`ll’ifegradzigf`;0.

(:) Kgftrgllg sull'utilizzg o`ll` ifegradzigfi (do `sàpig, oispgsitivi kgftrg ld ouplikdzigf` oì OUO, gppur` dt-tivdzigf` oi dkkgrbia`fti kh` iapòiskgfg ld stdapd oi uf ogkua`ftg, g ld kgpid, g ld adfipgldzigf`).

Ld tut`ld o`ll` A_^, pr`vistd odl OAKD;5 ` odlld fgradtivd ùrgp`d;2, è stdtd r`k`pitd odl fgstrg groifda`ftg dll’drt.4>: qudt`r L. 5;;/49?4, kgf il qudl` si oèifisk` l` A_^ kga`= «tutt` l` t`kfglgbi`, i oispgsitivi g i kgapgf`fti kh`, f`lfgradl` kgrsg o`l lgrg eufzigfda`ftg, sgfg o`stifdti do iapòir` g liaitdr` dtti fgf dutgrizzdti odi titgldri oì oiritti. L`

aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi prgt`zigf` sgfg kgfsio`rdt` èeikdki f`l kdsg if kui l’usg o`ll’gp̀ rd g o`l adt`ridl` prgt`ttg sidkgftrglldtg odi titgldri trdait` l’dpplikdzigf` oi uf oispgsitivg oi dkk`ssg g oi uf prgkòia`ftg oi prgt`zigf`, qudli ld kie rd-turd, ld oistgrsigf` g qudlsidsi dltrd trdsegradzigf` o`ll’gp`rd g o`l adt`ridl` prgt`ttg, gvv`r g sid liaitdtg aòidft` ufa`kkdfisag oi kgftrgllg o`ll` kgpi` kh` r`dlizzi l’gji`ttivg oi prgt`zigf ³̀.

;4 O`rivd odl t`raif` wdt`radrc , pdrtikgldr` s`bfg iapr`ssg sulld kdrtd d bdrdfzid oi dut`ftikitî, visijil` sglda`ft` kgftrgluk` (kg-a` do `sàpig f`ll` jdfkgfgt`)

;: Il OAKD oèifisk` l` KAI kga`= «io`ftieyifb ifegradtigf djgut th` wgrc, th` duthgr, th` kgpyribht gwf`r, dfo if k`rtdif kds`s, th` p`regra`r, writ`r gr oir`ktgr ge th` wgrc, ds w`ll ds th` t`ras dfo kgfoitigfs egr us` ge th` wgrc, dfo sukh gth`r ifegradtigf ds th`Z`bist`r ge Kgpyribht ady pr`skrij` jy r`buldtigf³ OAKD, s`ktigf 4:>4 (k). Kgstituiskgfg r`dti ou` pdrtikgldri kgfogtt`, r`ldtivd-a`ft` dll` ifegradzigfi sul kgpyribht= (4) s`zigf` 4:>4 (d)= l’dttrijuzigf` oi edls` ifegradzigfi, g ld lgrg oistrijuzigf` « ie ogf` with

th` ift`ft tg ifouk`, `fdjl`, edkilitdt` gr kgfk`dl iferifbà`ft ³3 (:) s`zigf` 4:>4 (j)= ld riagzigf` g dlt`rdzigf` oì s`bfi s`fzd du-tgrizzdzigf`, g ld lgrg oistrijuzigf` «with r`dsgfdjl` brgufo tg cfgw thdt it will ifouk`, `fdjl`, edkilitdt` gr kgfk`dl th` iferifb`-a`ft ³.

;; Ld oir`ttivd :9/:>>4 kgsì oèifisk` l` "ifegradzigfi sul r`bia` oì oiritti" dll’drt. 2 kgaad :. ;? Kgsì kgftifud ld edttisp`ki` oi r`dtg= « S...Q h) djusivda`ft` riaugv` g dlt`rd l` ifegradzigfi `l`ttrgfikh` oi kui dll'drtikglg 4>:-quifqui`s, gvv`rg oistrijuisk`, iapgrtd d eifi oi oistrijuzigf`, oieegfo` p`r rdoig g p`r t`l`visigf`, kgaufikd g a`tt` d oispgsizigfò`l pujjlikg gp`r` g dltri adt`ridli prgt`tti odi qudli sidfg stdt` riagss` g dlt`rdt` l` ifegradzigfi `l`ttrgfikh` st`ss`³.

;0 Uòdsi if tàd ld L. ::/:>>;, kh` `st`fo` ld tut`ld p`fdl` oi kui dbli drtt. 424 jis ` gkti`s o`lld L.5;;/49?4 dll` ipgt`si oi “oistriju-zigf` ill`kitd‑ oi sadrt kdros “pirdtdt`‑.

;5 È pr`vistg dlld s`zigf` 4:>4 o`l kdpitglg 4:, titglg 42 P.[. Kgo` , il r`dtg oi “Kirkuav`ftigf ge _`khfglgbikdl ^rgt`ktigf A`dsur`s‑,kgf kui si pufisk` lg “svida`ftg‑ o`ll` aisur` t`kfglgbikh` pròispgst` p`r pr`v`fir` l’dkk`ssg g ld kgpid oi gp`r` prgt`tt` odl oirit-tg o’dutgr`, fgfkhé l’dttivitî oi oistrijuzigf` oì oispgsitivi dv`fti tdl` utilizzg. If a`ritg risultd illuaifdft` l'drr`stg o`l prgbrdaadtg-

r` russg OAI_ZY [CLYDZGU od pdrt` o`ll'EJI, kgapiutg f`l lublig :>>4, p`r dv`r vigldtg l` A_^ r`ldtiv` dl egradtg ÔE. Il kdsgskdt`fú k`fsur` od pdrt` o`lld kgaufitî ski`ftieikd, l'ifegradtikg v`ff` rildskidtg ò dssgltg, ad il bgv`rfg da`rikdfg pr`pdrd ufifdspria`ftg o`lld fgradtivd.

;2 If sò` P@, l` A_^ sgfg oèifit` dll’drt. 5 o`lld OIZ :9/:>>4.







Odl puftg oi vistd o`ll'ut`ft`, è agltg iapgrtdft` sgttglif`dr` kh` ld tut`ld biurioikd o`ll'gp`rd ift`ll`ttudl` si `st`fo`d tdli oispgsitivi, ld kui `lusigf` è sdfzigfdtd p`sdftà`ft`.

Kgf rie`ria`ftg if pdrtikgldr` dll` A_^ kh` pr`siògfg dll'dkk`ssg, di s`fsi o`ll'drt. 424 t`r, «È pufitg, s` il edttg èkgaa`ssg p`r usg fgf p`rsgfdl`, kgf ld r`klusigf` od sì a`si d tr` dffi ` kgf ld aultd od kifqu` d tr`ftd ailigfi oilir` khiufqu` d eifi oi lukrg= S...Q e) iftrgouk` f`l t`rritgrig o`llg [tdtg, o`ti`f` p`r ld v`foitd g ld oistrijuzigf`, oistrijuisk`,v`fo`, kgfkò` if fgl`bbig, kò` d qudlsidsi titglg, prgaugv` kgaa`rkidla`ft`, ifstdlld oispgsitivi g `là`fti oi o`kgoi-eikdzigf` sp`kidl` kh` kgfs`ftgfg l'dkk`ssg do uf s`rvizig kriptdtg s`fzd il pdbda`ftg o`l kdfgf` ogvutg³;8.

Zibudrog dll` A_^ oi kgftrgllg o`ll'utilizzg, dlld st`ssd p`fd è sgbb`ttg, l`tt`rd e-jis), khi «edjjrikd, iapgrtd, oistrijui-sk`, v`fo`, fgl`bbid, kò` d qudlsidsi titglg, pujjlikizzd p`r ld v`foitd g il fgl`bbig, g o`ti`f` p`r skgpi kgaa`rkidli,dttr`zzdtur`, prgogtti g kgapgf`fti gvv`rg pr`std s`rvizi kh` djjidfg ld pr`vdl`ft` eifdlitî g l'usg kgaa`rkidl` oi `luo`-r` èeikdki aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi kui dll'drt. 4>:-qudt`r gvv`rg sidfg prifkipdla`ft` prgb`ttdti, prgogtti, dodttdti g r`dliz-zdti kgf ld eifdlitî oi r`fo`r` pgssijil` g edkilitdr` l'`lusigf` oi prò`tt` aisur`. Erd l` aisur` t`kfglgbikh` sgfg kgapr`-s` qu`ll` dpplikdt`, g kh` r`sioudfg, d s`buitg o`lld riagzigf` o`ll` aisur` aò`sia` kgfs`bu`ftà`ft` d ifizidtivdvglgftdrid oì titgldri oì oiritti g do dkkgroi trd qu`sti ultiai ` i j`fèikidri oi `kk`zigfi, gvv`rg d s`buitg oi `s`kuzigf` oi prgvvòia`fti o`ll'dutgritî daaifistrdtivd g biurisoizigfdl`³.

Kdssdzigf` p`fdl` s`z. III 44 adbbig :>4> f. :;250Zi`ftrdfg f`lld edttisp`ki` p`fdl` pr`vistd odll'drt. 424 t`r, kgaad 4, l`tt. e jis), l. :: dpril` 49?4 f.

5;;, tutti i kgfb`bfi prifkipdla`ft` eifdlizzdti d r`fo`r` pgssijil` l'`lusigf` o`ll` aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oiprgt`zigf` dppgst` su adt`ridli go gp`r` prgt`tt` odl oirittg o'dutgr`, fgf rikhiò`fog ld fgrad ifkriai-fdtrik` ld lgrg oir`ttd dppgsizigf` sull` gp`r` g sui adt`ridli tut`ldti. (Edttisp`ki` if adt`rid oi s`qu`strgoi oispgsitivi kh` kgfs`ftivdfg l'utilizzdzigf`, su "kgfsgll`" vio`gluoikh` oi oiee`r`fti adrkh`, oi vio`g-bigkhi ill`kitda`ft` ouplikdti g skdrikdti djusivda`ft` od ift`rf`t). (Dffulld kgf rifvig, _rij. lij. Eir`f-z`, 4: b`ffdig :>4>)Erd qu`lli kh` l'drt. 424 t`r kgaad 4 l`tt. e jis) l. f. 5;; o`l 49?4 oèifisk` dttr`zzdtur`, prgogtti g kga-pgf`fti dv`fti ld pr`vdl`ft` eifdlitî oi `luo`r` l` aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi prgt`zigf` pr`vist` odll'drt. 4>:qudt`r o`lld st`ssd l`bb` o`jjgfg rit`f`rsi rikgapr`si dfkh` i oispgsitivi kh` r`fodfg pgssijil` ld oi-sdttivdzigf` o`bli dkkgrbia`fti vglti d liaitdr` ld eufzigfdlitî o`ll` "kgfsgll`s" di sgli prgbrdaai p`r iqudli `ss` sgfg stdt` pròispgst` odl kgstruttgr`, s`fzd ifkio`r` sull` oie`s` pgst` oir`ttda`ft` d prg-t`zigf` oì o`tti prgbrdaai.

Kdssdzigf` p`fdl` s`z. III 4? fgvàjr` :>4: f. ?85;9

Ift`brd il r`dtg oi kui dll'drt. 424 t`r kgaad 4 l`tt. e jis o`lld l`bb` f. 5;;/49?4 ld kgfogttd oi khiv`fo` cit shdr`r kh` p`ra`ttgfg oi `luo`r` il sistàd (kgapgstg odl o`kgo`r ` odlld sadrt kdro) pgstgif `ss`r` p`r kgfs`ftir` l'dkk`ssg kgfoizigfdtg d trdsaissigfi t`l`visiv` od pdrt` oì sgli ut`fti kh` dj-jidfg kgrrispgstg il pr`zzg f`k`ssdrig.

0.:.;.- I liaiti (t`kfglgbiki7) o`ll` OZA= ld “kgpid privdtd‑

L'groifda`ftg pr`vò` ou` tipi oi liaitdzigfi dlld edkgltî o`ll'dutgr` oi ifs`rir` OZA f`ll` su` gp`r`.Ld priad è oi adtrik` pujjlikistikd= ld l`bb` (drt.24 quifqui`s kgaad 4) iapgf` dll’dutgr` ld riagzigf` o`ll` A_^ su

rikhi`std o`ll’dutgritî kgap`t`ft`, qudlgrd si r`fod f`k`ssdrig l’dkk`ssg dll’gp`rd.

Drt. 24-quifqui`s4. I titgldri oi oiritti kh` djjidfg dppgstg l` aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi kui dll' drtikglg 4>:-qudt`r sgfg t`futidlld riagzigf` o`ll` st`ss`, p`r kgfs`ftir` l'utilizzg o`ll` gp`r` g oì adt`ridli prgt`tti, oi`trg rikhi`stdo`ll'dutgritî kgap`t`ft`, p`r eifi oi sikur`zzd pujjlikd g p`r dssikurdr` il kgrr`ttg svglbia`ftgoi uf prgkòia`ftg daaifistrdtivg, pdrlda`ftdr` g biuoizidrig.:. I titgldri oì oiritti sgfg t`futi do dogttdr` iogf`` sgluzigfi, dfkh` aòidft` ld stipuld oi dppgsiti dk-kgroi kgf l` dssgkidzigfi oi kdt`bgrid rdppr`s`ftdtiv` oì j`fèikidri, p`r kgfs`ftir` l'`s`rkizig o`ll` `k-k`zigfi oi kui dbli drtikgli 00 , 58 , kgaai 4 ` :, 59 , kgaad :, 2> , kgaad 4, 24-jis ` 24-qudt`r , su`spr`ssd rikhi`std oì j`fèikidri ò d kgfoizigf` kh` i j`fèikidri st`ssi djjidfg dkquisitg il pgss`ssgl`bittiag o`bli `sàpldri o`ll'gp`rd g o`l adt`ridl` prgt`ttg, g vi djjidfg dvutg dkk`ssg l`bittiag di eifio`l lgrg utilizzg, f`l risp`ttg ` fì liaiti o`ll` oispgsizigfi oi kui di kitdti drtikgli, ivi kgapr`sd ld kgrr`-spgfsigf` o`ll'`qug kgap`fsg, gv` pr`vistg.

;8 Od fgtdr` kh` tdl` pr`visigf` `rd biî gp`rdft` p`r èe`ttg o`lld L. :?8/:>>>, ld qudl` dv`vd dfkh` ifs`ritg l'drt. 424 gkti`s, r`ldtivgdll` trdsaissigfi do dkk`ssg kgfoizigfdtg. If a`ritg vòdsi ld s`ft`fzd Kdssdzigf` p`fdl` : lublig :>>?, f . :894;, if “Il oirittg i f-oustridl`‑ (:>>0), f.;, p.;:0, kgf fgtd oi Odvio` [dfbig rbig.





6 (*) Ld prgsp`ttivd o`ll’`sklusivitî o`lld prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl`= “fugvg oirittg o ’dutgr`‑ ̀ «Oibitdl Kgpyribht³ 6


;. I titgldri oì oiritti fgf sgfg t`futi dbli doàpia`fti oi kui dl kgaad : if r`ldzigf` dll` gp`r` g di ad-t`ridli a`ssi d oispgsizigf` o`l pujjlikg if agog kh` kidskufg vi pgssd dv`r` dkk`ssg odl lugbg g f`laga`ftg sk`ltg ifoivioudla`ft`, qudfog l'dkk`ssg dvv`fbd sulld jds` oi dkkgroi kgftrdttudli.?. L` dssgkidzigfi oi kdt`bgrid oì titgldri oì oiritti ` bli `fti g l` dssgkidzigfi rdppr`s`ftdtiv` oì j`f`-eikidri o`ll` `kk`zigfi oi kui dl kgaad : pgssgfg svglb`r` trdttdtiv` vglt` d kgfs`ftir` l'`s`rkizig oi o`tt``kk`zigfi. If adfkdfzd oi dkkgrog, kidskufd o`ll` pdrti puú rivglb`rsi dl kgaitdtg oi kui dll' drtikglg 49>p`rkhé `sp`riskd uf t`ftdtivg gjjlibdtgrig oi kgfkilidzigf`, s`kgfog l` agodlitî oi kui dll' drtikglg 49?-jis .

0. Odll'dpplikdzigf` o`lld pr`s`ft` oispgsizigf` fgf o`rivdfg fugvi g adbbigri gf`ri d kdrikg o`lld ei-fdfzd pujjlikd.

Ld s`kgfod tut`ld l’ift`r`ss` o`ll’ut`ft` rikhiò` kh` l` aò`sia` “aisur`‑ o`vgfg kgfs`ftir` ld pgssijilitî oi ripr g-ouzigf`.

Drt. 24-s`xi`s4. È kgfs`ftitd ld riprgouzigf` privdtd oi egfgbrdaai ` vio`gbrdaai su qudlsidsi suppgrtg, èe`ttud-td od ufd p`rsgfd eisikd p`r usg `sklusivda`ft` p`rsgfdl`, purkhé s`fzd skgpg oi lukrg ` s`f-zd eifi oir`ttda`ft` g ifoir`ttda`ft` kgaa`rkidli, f`l risp`ttg o`ll` aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi kuidll' drtikglg 4>:-qudt`r .:. Ld riprgouzigf` oi kui dl kgaad 4 fgf puú `ss`r` èe`ttudtd od t`rzi. Ld pr`stdzigf` oi s`rvizi eifd-lizzdtd d kgfs`ftir` ld riprgouzigf` oi egfgbrdaai ` vio`gbrdaai od pdrt` oi p`rsgfd eisikd p`r usgp`rsgfdl` kgstituisk` dttivitî oi riprgouzigf` sgbb`ttd dll` oispgsizigfi oi kui dbli drtikgli 4; , 2: , 28-jis, 29 ` 8> .;. Ld oispgsizigf` oi kui dl kgaad 4 fgf si dpplikd dll` gp`r` g di adt`ridli prgt`tti a`ssi d oispgsizig-f` o`l pujjlikg if agog kh` kidskufg pgssd dv`rvi dkk`ssg odl lugbg ` f`l aga`ftg sk`lti ifoivioudl-a`ft`, qudfog l'gp`rd è prgt`ttd odll` aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi kui dll' drtikglg 4>:-qudt`r gvv`rg qudfogl'dkk`ssg è kgfs`ftitg sulld jds` oi dkkgroi kgftrdttudli.?. Edttg sdlvg qudftg oispgstg odl kgaad ;, i titgldri oì oiritti sgfg t`futi d kgfs`ftir` kh`, fgfgstdft`l'dpplikdzigf` o`ll` aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi kui dll' drtikglg 4>:-qudt`r , ld p`rsgfd eisikd kh` djjid dk-quisitg il pgss`ssg l`bittiag oi `sàpldri o`ll'gp`rd g o`l adt`ridl` prgt`ttg, gvv`rg vi djjid dvutg dk-k`ssg l`bittiag, pgssd èe`ttudr` ufd kgpid privdtd, dfkh` sglg dfdlgbikd, p`r usg p`rsgfdl`, d kgf-oizigf` kh` tdl` pgssijilitî fgf sid if kgftrdstg kgf lg seruttda`ftg fgradl` o`ll'gp`rd g o`blidltri adt`ridli ` fgf drr`khi ifbiustieikdtg pr`biuoizig di titgldri oì oiritti;9.

È pdrdogssdl` kh` ‛ d ribgr` ‛ sid kgfs`ftitg `strdrr` sgltdftg ufd sifbgld kgpid. Kiú sibfieikd kh` l’dttudl` fgradtivdfgf kgrrispgfo` dlld r`dltî oì edtti ò dllg sviluppg t`kfglgbikg, pgikhé, t`rtiua fgf odtur ?>=

- s` fgf ki sgfg A_^, l’ut`ft` puú riprgourr` uf fua`rg ifo`t`raifdtg oi kgpi`3

- s` sgfg pròispgst` A_^, dll’ut`ft` è iapòitd dfkh` l’`strdzigf` oi ufd sifbgld kgpid.Tu`stg prgjlàd è stdtg risgltg odlld biurispruo`fzd d vdftdbbig o`l prgouttgr` o`l suppgrtg ` d oiskdpitg

o`ll’ut`ft`.

_rijufdl` Aildfg 4 lublig :>>9Fgf puú rit`f`rsi ill`bittiad l’dppgsizigf` oi uf sistàd oi prgt`zigf` d uf OUO k h` iapòiskd qudl-sivgblid ouplikdzigf` o`ll’gp`rd if `ssg kgft`futd, ` quifoi dfkh` ld riprgouzigf` oi ufd kgpid privdtdp`r usg p`rsgfdl` kgfs`ftitd odll’drt. 24 s`xi`s l. dut. , gv` sid dkk` rtdtg kh` dl aga`ftg o`lld kga-a`rkidlizzdzigf` o`l suppgrtg fgf `sist`vdfg aisur` t`kfikh` oi prgt`zigf` kh` kgfs`ftiss`rg ldouplikdzigf` oi ufd sgld kgpid, risultdfog oi edttg pgssijil` ld sgld dlt`rfdtivd trd l’`sklusigf` dssglutdg ld pgssijilitî ifkgftrglldjil` oi `s`buir` kgpi` o`ll’gp`rd ` prgsp`ttdfogsi, if qu`st’ultiag kdsg, uf if-biustieikdtg pr`biuoizig di titgldri oì oiritti oi utilizzdzigf` `kgfgaikd o`ll’gp`rd st`ssd.

D tdl prgpgsitg, è util` rip`rkgrr`r̀ ufd vik`fod biuoizidrid svgltdsi iffdfzi dl _rijufdl` oi Jglzdfg, if a`ritg dlld ag-oieikd o`l khip f`lld “^ldystdtigf :‑ - prdtikd f`k`ssdrid p`r l'utilizzg oi vio`gbigkhi kgftrdeedtti, ad dfkh` p`r l'usg oi kg-pi` oi sikur`zzd ‛ kgapiutd od uf f`bgzidft`.

;9 Gkkgrr` t`f`r` kgftg o`l edttg kh` s`kgfog dlkufi fgf vi sdr`jj` uf v`rg ` prgprig “oirittg sgbb`ttivg‑ dlld kgpid privdtd, trdttdf-ogsi sgltdftg oi ufd pgssijilitî kgfs`ftitd d titglg oi “tgll`rdfzd‑ od pdrt` oì sifbgli stdti aàjri. If sgstdfzd, ld Oir`ttivd ùrgp`dkgfs`ft` dbli [tdti aàjri ld edkgltî oi pr`vò`r` qu`std gpzigf` p`r i privdti. L` kgfoizigfi oi l`kitg utilizzg v`fbgfg sp`ssg rids-

suft` kgf il s`bu`ft` «thr`` st`p t`st ³= (4) i kdsi o`vgfg `ss`r` sp`kieikda`ft` o`t`raifdti3 (:) ld kgpid fgf o`v` `ss`r` if kgftrd-stg kgf lg seruttda`ftg fgradl` o`ll’gp`rd g o`bli dltri adt`ridli3 (;) fgf o`v` `ss`r` drr`kdtg ifbiustieikdtg pr`biuoizig dbli ift`r`ssil`bittiai o`l titgldr` oì oiritti.

?> B. JGF@LLI, Oirittg oi riprgouzigf`, aisur` t`kfikh` oi prgt`zigf` ` kgpid privdtd, if «Il Oirittg Ifoustridl`³ (:>4>) f. :, pdb. 48;.





6 (*) Ld lgbikd “gp`f sgurk`‑ odl sgetwdr` dll` gp`r` “l`tt`rdri`‑ dll’hdrowdr` 6


^riad hd stdjilitg ‛ if sò` oi ri`sda` ‛ kh` ld agoieikd egss` irril`vdft` di eifi o`lld oiskiplifd o`ll` A_^?4, pgi hdo`kisg ld kgfodffd o`l v`foitgr`?: ` sàpr` f`l kgrsg o`l :>>0 l'dssgluzigf`?; ` pgi oi fugvg l'dssgluzigf` f`l :>>5?? sulld jds` o`lld adfkdtd prgvd kh` il eil` ill`kitg egss` pr`vdl`ft`. ^dr` iapgrtdft` sgttglif`dr` kga` il risp`ttg o`llÒZA, if pdrtikgldr` o`ll` A_^, risultd kgfoizigf` `ss`fzidl` p`r ld likìtî o`lld kgpid privdtd.

_rijufdl` Jglzdfg :8 b`ffdig :>>0Kgstituisk` r`dtg ld o`t`fzigf` ` ld kgaa`rkidlizzdzigf` oi agokhip if brdog oi agoieikdr` kgfsgl-

l` p`r vio`gbigkhi, if qudftg eifdlizzdti do `luo`r` l` aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi prgt`zigf` oi kui dll'drt, 4>:qudt`r l. f. 5;; o`l 49?4.

_rijufdl` Jglzdfg :> oikàjr` :>>0I prgogtti ifegradtiki p`r kgfsgll`, vdl` d oir` i vio`gbigkhi, vdffg kgfsio`rdti d tutti bli èe`tti sget-

wdr`. F` o`rivd kh` f`l kdsg oi sp`ki` o`v` trgvdr` dpplikdzigf` l'drt. 424 jis l. f. 5;; o`l 49?4 (sulldjds` o`lld qudl` trgv`r`jj` dpplikdzigf` ld sdfzigf` p`fdl` sglg ò `sklusivda`ft` gv` si kgfsio`-rdss` uf agokhip kga` a`zzg ift`sg ufikda`ft` d kgfs`ftir` g edkilitdr` ld riagzigf` drjitrdrid g l'`-lusigf` eufzigfdl` oi oispgsitivi dpplikdti d prgt`zigf` oi uf prgbrdaad p`r `ldjgrdtgri) ` fgf ifv`k`l'drt. 424 t`r , dpplikdfogsi qu`st'ultiag `sklusivda`ft` di egfgbrdaai ` vio`gbrdaai. îù f`l o`ttd-blig, ld fgradtivd kgaufitdrid oi kui dlld oir`ttivd f. :9/:>>4/K` è dpplikdjil` `spr`ssda`ft` dll` sgl`qu`stigfi ribudrodfti egfgbrdaai ` vio`gbrdaai. Kgfs`bu`ftà`ft` `ss`fog i prgogtti ifegradtiki p`rkgfsgll` (f`l kdsg "o` qug" i vio`gbigkhi) od kgfsio`rdrsi biurioikda`ft` kga` sgetwdr`, tdl` oiskiplifd

fgf puú trgvdr` dpplikdzigf` f`l kdsg oi sp`ki`.

Kdssdzigf` p`fdl` s`z. III :0 adbbig :>>2 f. ;;258Ld kgfogttd oi `lusigf` g vigldzigf` o`ll` aisur` t`kfglgbikh` oi prgt`zigf` pgst` d tut`ld oì prg-

ogtti o`ll'ifb`bfg su suppgrtg ifegradtikg pgstd if `ss`r` dft`rigra`ft` dlld `ftrdtd if vibgr` o`lld oi-skiplifd o`ll'drt. 424 t`r l`tt. e) jis l. f. 5;; o`l 49?4 , iftrgogttd odll'drt. :5 o.lb. f. 58 o`l :>>;, kgfei-burd il r`dtg oi kui dll'drt. 424 t`r l`tt. o) o`lld aò`siad l`bb`. (Edttisp`ki` f`lld qudl` l'iaputdtgdv`vd, priad o`ll'`ftrdtd if vibgr` o`lld fugvd oiskiplifd, o`t`futg p`r ld v`foitd kgapgf`fti `l`ttrgfikieifdlizzdti d kgfs`ftir` ld l`tturd oi vio`gbigkhi adst`rizzdti if tdl agog `luo`fogsi l` aisur` oi prgt`-zigf` dppgst` odl edjjrikdft`). (Dffulld kgf rifvig, Dpp. Jglzdfg, 48 Adbbig :>>5)

0.:.?.- Kgfsio`rdzigfi eifdli= il euturg f`l wdt`radrcifb7

Ld t`kfglgbid OZA hd i sugi ldti gskuri. Ld [gfy hd ogvutg pdbdr` ifb`fti sgaa` d titglg oi risdrkia`ftg di kgfsuad-tgri odff`bbidti odl sug sistàd oi prgt`zigf` p`r i KO, pgikhé tdl` strua`ftg edkilitdvd l'dkk`ssg di sistài d virus oifugvd kgfk`zigf`, o`tti rggtcit (b`ffdig :>>5).

Bli stdfodro t`kfiki pr`visti odl OZA fgf sgfg ifdttdkkdjili. Z`k`ftà`f t` l'hdkc`r kh` si ed khidadr` “auslix5?‑ èriuskitg d sup`rdr` l` prgt`zigfi DDK[ _itl` C`ys, r`ldtiv` di suppgrti Jlu-rdy ` HO OUO, utilizzdti f`lld oistrijuzigf` ki-fàdtgbrdeikd.

Oi r`k`ft` uf'dzi`fod stdtufit`fs` ‛ ld Oibiadrc ‛ hd o`pgsitdtg if P.[.D. Pfd ogadfod oi jr`v`ttg ‛ fua`rg2424>45 ‛ p`r wdt`radrc oibitdl`, kh` r`fo`r`jj` gjsgl`t` l` t`kfglgbi` OZA. [i trdttd oi uf a`tgog p`r agfitgrdr`gflif` ld riprgouzigf` oì kgft`futi oibitdli, p`ra`tt`fog l'io`ftieikdzigf` o`l adt`ridl` kgpidtg.

5.- (*) Ld lgbikd “gp`f sgurk`‑ odl sgetwdr` dll` gp`r` “l`tt`rdri`‑ dll’hdrowdrÌl sistàd gp`f sgurk`?0 gribifdrida`ft` sviluppdtgsi kgf rie`ria`ftg dl sgetwdr`, pgi si è `st`sg dll` dltr` gp`r` ift`l-

l`ttudli, p`r pgi rdbbiufb`r` oi r`k`ft` l’hdrowdr`. If b`f`rdl` si pdrld oi ufd v`rd ` prgprid eilgsgeid, ad kiú è iaprgprig.K`rtda`ft` si trdttd oi ufd io`glgbid, ufd a`ftdlitî, kh` si prgpgf` oi dee`radr` ufd lgbikd “kglldjgrdtivd‑ kh` ift`fo`

?4 _rijufdl` o`l Zi`sda` oi Jglzdfg, ;4 oikàjr` :>>;, if “Il Egrg Itdlidfg‑ (:>>;), II, p.:09. ?: _rijufdl` oi Jglzdfg, s`ft`fzd ;4 adrzg :>>0, if “Il oirittg ifoustridl`‑ (:>>0), p.;8;, kgf fgtd oi [`rbig [pdbfglg. If qu`stg kdsgil biuoik` hd kurigsda`ft` agtivdtg sgst`f`fog trd l'dltrg kh` il vio`gbigkg fgf si riouk` d sgetwdr`. Oi edttg hd kgltg uf dsp`ttg `s-s`fzidl` f`l edttg kh` il oirittg oi kgpid privdtd è daa`ssg s` fgf v`fbgfg vigldt` l` A_^, kga` f`l kdsg if kui sid kgapiutd ufdagoieikd f`ll'drkhit`tturd o`lld adkkhifd.

?;

_rijufdl` oi Jglzdfg, s`ft`fzd :> oikàjr` :>>0, if “Oirittg o`ll'ifegradzigf` ` o`ll'ifegradtikd‑ (:>>5), p.05:, kgf fgtd oi Aikh`-l` O`lld Khi`sd.?? _rijufdl` oi Jglzdfg, s`ft`fzd 49 b`ffdig :>>5, if “Il oirittg ifoustridl`‑ (:>>0), p.;89, kgf fgtd oi [`rbig [pdbfglg.?0 L’`spr`ssigf` v`ff` kgfidtd f`ll’dpril` 4998 ourdft` uf kgfv`bfg.






_`stg oispgfijil` su lik`fzd Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs - http=//kr`dtiv`kgaagfs.grb/lik`fs`s/jy-fk-fo/:.0/o`ò.it :> / :5

kga` sift`si trd kdpitdlisag ` kgll`ttivisag, sup`rdfog il prgjlàd o`lld “prgpri`tî oì a`zzi oi prgouzigf`‑ p`r `spri-a`rsi f`lld titgldritî o`ll’gp`rd ift`ll`ttudl`= iaadt`ridl`, ad fgf p`r qu`stg privd oi vdlgr`, dfzi, prgprig p`r qu`stg ia-pr`zigsitd odll’`ss`r` kgfegra` dl pdrdoibad o`lld fugvd `pgkd, ld [gki`tî o`ll’Ifegra dzigf`, if kui kidskufg trd` big-vda`ftg odlld “ift`rdzigf`‑ kgf bli dltri.

[` oufqu` si puú odr`, kga` si è vistg, ld prgt`zigf` o`l oirittg o’dutgr` trdoizigfdl` dfkh` dll’ift`rfg oì sgkidl f`t-wgrcs, kh` rdppr`s`ftdfg ld egrad o`ll` r`ldzigfi sgkidli f`lld lgrg v`rsigf` `l`ttrgfikd, si pgssgfg ifoivioudr` oiv`rsègra` oi `spr`ssigf` oi qu`std lgbikd “dp`rtd‑. Il agvia`ftg gp`f sgurk` hd ifs`bfdtg kh` djjdfogfdr` ld lgbikd “khiu-sd‑ fgf sibfieikd rifufkidr` do gbfi oirittg, ad dogttdr` bli istituti if agog oiv`rsg= ufd lgbikd, if uf k`rtg s`fsg, “oi r`t`‑.L’dutgr`, ifedtti, puú rikdvdr` tut`ld ` j`fèiki dfkh` dttrdv`rsg lg sviluppg oi lgbikh` oi kgfoivisigf`.

If qu`std sò` ki si kgfk`ftrd sui tr` prifkipdli dsp`tti?5.(4) ^rgbrdaai ifegradtiki, il s`ttgr` if kui gribifdrida`ft` si è sviluppdtd ld a`ftdlitî gp`f sgurk`= qui si trdttd o`l

Kgpylèt 3(:) Gp`r` l`tt`rdri`, il kdapg if kui p`r priad si è `st`sd ld eilgsgeid “dp`rtd‑= qui si o`skriv` il eufzigfda`ftg o`ll`

lik`fz` Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs3(;) Hdrowdr`, if qu`stg dajitg, oi più r`k`ft` kgfeiburdzigf`, si ed rie`ria`ftg dlld pidttdegrad itdlidfd oi Gp`f

sgurk` sgetwdr`= Drouifg.

5.4.- ^rgbrdaai p`r `ldjgrdtgr`= «Gp`f [gurk` [getwdr`³ ` «Kgpylèt³

^`r dpprgegfoir` il priag oì tr` drbga`fti r`ldtivi dlld lgbikd “gp`f sgurk`‑, è util` svglb`r` i s`bu`fti pdssdbbi= (4) Oèifizigf` b`f`rdl` o`l sgetwdr`, p`r qudftg puú `ss`r` util` d kgapr`fo`r` bli dsp`tti biurioiki3(:) Dpprgegfoia`ftg o`lld oiee`r`fzd trd sgetwdr` prgpri`tdrig ` sgetwdr` gp`f sgurk`3

(;) Kgfk`ftrdzigf` sulld eiburd o`l Kgpylèt .

5.4.4.- Fgzigf` oi sgetwdr`

Di eifi o`l pr`s`ft` oiskgrsg fgf è f`k`ssdrig `ftrdr` fì pdrtikgldri t`kfiki r`ldtivi dlld fgzigf` oi prgbrdaad p`r`ldjgrdtgr` g sgetwdr`?2 , jdsti sdp`r` kh` `ssg kgfsist` if uf ifsià` oi istruzigfi, pròispgst` if uf lifbudbbig egrad-

lizzdtg, eufzigfdli d edr kgapi`r` o`t`raifdt` gp`rdzigfi do ufd adkkhifd?8

. [`fzd vgl`r dppdrir` `kk`ssivda`ft` p`-odft`, o`vg dbbiufb`r` kh` gradi si daa`tt` pdkieikda`ft` kh` il oirittg il sgetwdr` kgstituisk` uf j`f` iaadt`ridl`?9,risultdtg oi uf prgk`ssg ift`ll`ttivg uadfg, kgrpus aystikua, kh` hd vdlgr` ` kgfsist`fzd dutgfgad, d pr`skifo`r` odlsuppgrtg adt`ridl`, kgrpus a`khdfikua, if kui è eissdtg.

@vio`ftà`ft` il sgetwdr` è uf j`f` biurioikg v`futg do `sist`fzd sgltdftg if tàpi r`k`fti, if s`buitg dlld fdskitd òdlld oieeusigf` o`bli `ldjgrdtgri `l`ttrgfiki, tuttdvid è oiv`futg if jr`v` tàpg uf `ss`fzidl` edttgr` `kgfgaikg, prgprig ifkgfsio`rdzigf` o`ll'utilitî oì kdlkgldtgri ̀ l`ttrgfiki. Ld tut`ld biurioikd o`l sgetwdr` è stdtd iftrgogttd f`ll'Pfigf` @urgp`dkgf ld Oir`ttivd 4994/:0>/K@0>. [i puú oir` kh` f`lld stgrid o`ll’ifegradtikd vi sid ufd sgrtd oi pdrdogssg kgfk`rf`ft` ld

?5 [i pgssgfg if èe`tti a`fzigfdr` dltr` egra` oi kgfoivisigf` oi prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl`= “gp`f sgurk` orubs‑, f`lld edradkùtikd, p`r`sàpig, t`kfglgbi` f`l s`ttgr` o`l egtgvgltdikg. Pf `sàpig `kldtdft` è ld pr`s`fzd oi j`vdfo` oèifit` kga` “gp`f sgurk` kgld‑ if

kgftrdppgsizigf` d “Kgkd Kgld‑ ` “^`psi Kgld‑ fgt` p`r ld s`br`t`zzd o`lld egrauld.?2 Oèifizigf` o`ll'GAÎ o`l 498?= «`spr`ssigf` oi uf sistàd grbdfizzdtg ` strutturdtg oi istruzigfi (g siajgli) kgft`futi if qudlsidsiegrad g suppgrtg (fdstrg, oiskg, eila, kirkuitg), kdpdk` oir`ttda`ft` g ifoir`ttda`ft`, oi edr `s`buir` g edr gtt`f`r` ufd eufzigf`, ufkgapitg go uf risultdtg pdrtikgldr` p`r a`zzg oi uf sistàd oi `ldjgrdzigf` `l`ttrgfikd o`ll'ifegradzigf`³.?8 [i puú egrfir` ld oistifzigf` trd uf kgoik` sgrb`ft`, egrauldtg s`kgfog il lifbudbbig uadfg, ò uf kgoik` gbb`ttg, trdouzigf` o`lpriag if lifbudbbig adkkhifd. Ld oistifzigf` kgstituisk` il adbbigr krit`rig oi vdlutdzigf` if a`ritg dll'djusivd riprgouzigf` oi prg-brdaai.?9 _PLLIG D[KDZ@LLI, _`grid o`lld kgfkgrr`fzd ` oì j`fi iaadt`ridli. Istituzigfi oi oirittg ifoustridl` , ; ò., Aildfg= Biueer ̀ ̎ 495>, p.590.0> Oir`ttivd 4? adbbig 4994, f.:0> ribudrodft` «_ut`ld biurioikd oì prgbrdaai p`r `ldjgrdtgr`³, if B.P.K.@. L 4:: o`l 42 adbbig4994, p. ?:, agoieikdtd odlld Oir`ttivd :9 gttgjr` 499;, f.98 ribudrodft` « Dragfizzdzigf` o`lld ourdtd oi prgt`zigf` o`l oirittg o'du-tgr` ` oi dlkufi oiritti kgff`ssi³ , if B.P.K.@. L :9> o`l :? fgvàjr` 499;, p. 9, r`k`pitd f`l fgstrg groifda`ftg kgf O`kr`tg L`bi-

sldtivg :9 oikàjr` 499:, f. 048 « Dttudzigf` o`lld oir`ttivd 94/:0>/K@@ r`ldtivd dlld tut`ld biurioikd oì prgbrdaai p`r `ldjgrdtgr`³if B.P. ;4 oikàjr` 499:, f.;>5. [i kitd p`r kgapl`t`zzd dfkh` ld Oir`ttivd f.4>> o`l 49 fgvàjr` 499: “Kgfk`rf`ft` il oirittg oifgl`bbig, il oirittg oi pr`stitg ` tdlufi oiritti kgff`ssi dl oirittg oi dutgr` if adt`rid oi prgpri`tî ift`ll`ttudl`‑ if B.P.K.@. L ;?5, o`l :2fgvàjr` 499:, pdb. 54, r`k`pitd if Itdlid kgf O. Lbs. 45 fgvàjr` 499?, f. 580, if B.P. 45 oikàjr` 499?, f. :9;.






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tut`ld biurioikd o`l sgetwdr`. Ld prgt`zigf` oi qu`stg j`f` iaadt`ridl`, iftrgogttd odll` l`bisldzigfi oì ^d`si più `vglutiiftgrfg dbli dffi ’8> ‛ il priag prgvvòia`ftg oi tut`ld è stdtg il [getwdr` Kgpyribht Dkt o`l 498> f`bli P.[.D. ‛ aòidft`privdtiv` oi vdrid fdturd, hd o`t`raifdtg l’ifsgrb`fzd oi lgbikh` `kgfgaikh` if pr`kò`fzd dli`f` odll’ifegradtikd. Oikgfs`bu`fzd, s` è v`rg kh` kiú hd o`t`raifdtg l’ifkròijil` sviluppg kh` è sgttg bli gkkhi oi tutti, kiú fgf è stdtg o`kisgodi prifkipdli edutgri ‛ bli ifegradtiki ‛ i qudli fgf f` hdffg trdttg pdrtikgldri j`fèiki, v`f`fog r`l`bdti dl ruglg oi “t`kfiki‑.Tu`sti ultiai, p`rú, sgfg stdti prgtdbgfisti oi ufd r`dzigf` piuttgstg vdstd, kh` hd trgvdtg suppgrtg io`glgbikg f`lld eilgsg-eid hdkc`r ` kh` hd vistg if Zikhdro [tdlladf il pgrtdjdfoi`rd04.

5.4.:.- Ld kgfk`ssigf` oì oiritti sul sgetwdr`= l` lik`fz` o’usg ` l’ifoivioudzigf` o`l sgetwdr` “lij`rg‑

Dttrdv`rsg ld lik`fzd ‛ ld k.o. @fo Ps`r Lik`fs` Dbr`à`ft (@PLD) p`r il sgetwdr` ‛ il prgouttgr` o`t`raifd l` kgfoi-zigfi oi oistrijuzigf` o`lld sud gp`rd. Il prifkipig egfoda`ftdl` si puú ridssua`r` f`l j`f fgtg jrgkdrog= fàg plus muris trdfse`rr` pgt`st quda ips` hdj`t.

If r`dltî il pdfgrdad oi lik`fz` è tdla`ft` vdri`bdtg kh` il kgpyribht p`ro` oi gagb`fìtî ift`rfd p`r kgfegradrsi ‛ dfdlgbda`ft` d qudftg sgst`f`vd ûblidtti p`r il oirittg oi prgpri`tî ‛ dll` oiv`rs` edttisp`ki` r`bgldt`.

Odl puftg oi vistd t`kfikg il prgjlàd egfoda`ftdl` è l’dkk`ssg dl k.o. kgoik` sgrb`ft`, kh` rdppr`s`ftd kiú kh` èstdtg èe`ttivda`ft` oibitdtg odll’dutgr` f`lld ròdzigf` o`l prgbrdaad.

Kgf ld oistifzigf` prgpgstd ifizidla`ft` od Zikhdro [tdlladf, si puú oistifbu`r` trd=(4) [getwdr` “prgpri`tdrig‑3 (:) [getwdr` lij`rg g er`` sgetwdr`.

È iapgrtdft` dpprgegfoir` qu`std oistifzigf`.

5.4.:.4.- Il sgetwdr` “prgpri`tdrig‑

[i trdttd oì prgbrdaai kh` sgfg kgapl`tda`ft` sgbb`tti dl kgpyribht ò dll` `sklusiv` do `ssg if`r`fti.

If b`f`rdl` si trdttd oi uf sgetwdr` “jlifodtg‑, if kui fgf è pgssijil` dkkò`r` dl kgoik` sgrb`ft`. If dlkufi kdsi kiú èkgfs`ftitg, kgf il vifkglg o`lld fgf oivulbdzigf`.

Il prgjlàd è kh` kgf il sgetwdr` “prgpri`tdrig‑ ki sgfg sglg ou` gpzigfi=(4) Zildskidr` kgoik` prgt`ttg odl kgpyribht , liaitdfogf` ld kirkgldzigf`3(:) Zildskidr` gp`r` fgf prgt`tt` ‛ if pujlik ogadif ‛ kgf il riskhig kh` uf t`rzg ‛ `strdf`g g kgfkgrr`ft` ‛ f` dp-

prgeitti, prgt`bb`foglg if agog `sklusivg ` quifoi pr`biuoikdfog il ldvgrg ̀ bli ifv`stia`fti o`ll’dutgr`.

§.5.4.:.4.4.- Il k.o «Er``wdr`³

Er``wdr` sibfieikd sgltdftg kh` l’utilizzg è brdtuitg. Tu`stg p`rú fgf iaplikd f`k`ssdrida`ft`=

(4) Kh` l’dutgr` djjid rifufkidtg di oiritti agrdli (:) Kh` l’dutgr` djjid rifufkidtg di oiritti pdtriagfidli ` kh` quifoi ld brdtuitî o`ll’utilizzg kgrrispgfod dll’dss`fzd oi

iftrgiti p`r l’dutgr`.

Ifedtti=d. L’dutgr` puú sgll`kitdr` l’utilizzdtgr` d kgrrispgfo`r` ufd sgaad d titglg oi lij`rdlitî (ufd kdrtglifd,

kdrowdr`, g l’`quivdl`ft` oi uf erubdl` pdstg, pizzdwdr`).j. L’dutgr` puú dssgkidr` dl sgetwdr` rildskidtg uf dltrg dpplikdtivg, eufzigfdl` d trdse`rirbli iftrgiti pujjlik i-

tdri g d trdsa`tt`r` odti sull’ut`ft` (il vdlgr` oi qu`sti iftrgiti puú sup`rdr` oi agltg l’`v`ftudl` kgrrisp`t-tivg p`r l’utilizzg o`l sgetwdr`). Pf `sàpig agltg fgtg if qu`stg s`fsg è il vio`gbigkg Dfbry Jiros, oi-spgfijil` dfkh` brdtuitda`ft`.

§.5.4.:.4.:.- Il k.o. «shdr`wdr`³

_dli prgbrdaai sgfg egrfiti “if prgvd‑ (tg shdr` sibfieikd l`tt`rdla`ft` “kgfoivio`r`‑), ` p`rtdftg sgfg gee`rti if eufzig-fdlitî liaitdt`, gppur` f` è p`ra`ssg l’utilizzg `ftrg uf o`t`raifdtg t`raif` odll’dttivdzigf`.

04 BIDFLPIBI EIGZIBLIG, Hdkc`rs, Zgad= Fugvd kulturd (^dssdtg ` pr`s`ft`3 5) :>4>.






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§.5.4.:.4.;.- Il k.o. «djdfogfwdr`³

[getwdr` prgpri`tdrig il kui kgpyribht fgf è più `s`rkitdtg. Pf kdsg agltg pdrtikgldr`, if èe`tti.

Oiv`ftd sgetwdr` lij`rg d ou` kgfoizigfi=4.- s` “djjdfogfdtg‑ odl prgpri`tdrig, kh` f` o`ti`f` i oiritti3

:.- s` ifkluo` il kgoik` sgrb`ft`.

5.4.:.:.- Il k.o. «sgetwdr` lij`rg³ if b`f`rdl`

If uf k`rtg s`fsg, ld prgt`zigf` biurioikd o`l sgetwdr` hd o`kr`tdtg il pdssdbbig o`ll’ifegradtikd odll` ski`fz` pur` ‛ if kui vib` il prifkipig o`lld kgfoivisigf` trd i rik`rkdtgri ‛ dll` ski`fz` dpplikdt`, if kui ifv`k` k’è l’ift`r`ss` dl adssiagris`rjg sull` iffgvdzigfi t`kfglgbikh`.

Il e`fga`fg è `stràda`ft` ift`r`ssdft`, p`rkhé `spria` ld r`dzigf` o`lld kgaufitî o`bli ifegradtiki dlld prgbr`ssi-vd “khiusurd‑ o`ll` pgt`fzidlitî gp`rdtiv` o`lld kgfoivisigf` f`lld adt`rid ifegradtikd. Ld khiusurd o`l kgoik` sgrb`ft`,ifedtti, privd bli `sp`rti o`lld pgssijilitî oi skdajidr` ifegradzigfi ̀ quifoi risglv`r` ifsià` i prgjlài t`kfiki.

Bli sviluppdtgri o`l sgetwdr` oi tipg Gp`f [gurk` sàplikà`ft` p`ra`ttgfg dll’ut`ft` oi dkkò`r` dl kgoik`. Ld oiee ̀ -

r`fzd risp`ttg dl sgetwdr` prgpri`tdrig è kh` `ssg puú `ss`r` agoieikdtg l`bdla`ft`.Tuifoi, s` fgradla`ft` è ill`kitg “dprir`‑ uf prgbrdaad “khiusg‑, f`l agfog Gp`f [gurk` è v`rg il kgftrdrig= è ill`ki-

tg “khiuo`r`‑ uf prgbrdaad “dp`rtg‑. If r`dltî dll’ift`rfg oi qu`stg ago`llg t`grikg gkkgrr` oistifbu`r` oiv`rs` egraul` oi oistrijuzigf`, kh` oip`fogfg od l-

l` lik`fz` iapgst` odll’dutgr` dll’ut`ft`, gssid dll` agodlitî kgf kui qu`st’ultiag è dutgrizzdtg d a goieikdr` il sgetwdr` gdo `ldjgrdrlg, rioistrijuirlg, v`fo`rlg. If r`dltî l’Gp`f [gurk` è uf e`fga`fg kh` djjrdkkid oiv`rs` gpzigfi.

If pdrtikgldr` si oistifbu`=

(4) Gp`f [gurk` [getwdr`3(:) Er`` sgetwdr`3(;) Kgpylèt .

§.5.4.:.:.4.- Gp`f [gurk` [getwdr` (G[[)

Fi`ft` `skluo` kh` uf prgbrdaad sid rildskidtg sif odll’gribif` kgfs`ft`fog dll’utilizzdtgr` l’dkk`ssg dl kgoik` sgr-b`ft`. Kiú sibfieikd kh` pgssgfg `ss`r` sviluppdt` strdt`bi` iapr`foitgridli dfkh` d pdrtir` odlld kgfk`ssigfò`ll’dkk`ssg dl kgoik` sgrb`ft`. Tu`stg è uf e`fga`fg più r`k`ft` o`l er`` sgetwdr`, sviluppdtgsi d pdrtir` odlld eifò`bli dffi Fgvdftd.

Pf `sàpig `rd F`tskdp`, il jrgws`r kgfkgrr`ft` o`l sgetwdr` prgpri`tdrig Ift`rf`t @xplgr`r o`lld Aikrgsget .[i pgtr`jj` gji`ttdr` kh`, `ss`fog r`p`rijil` brdtuitda`ft` il sgetwdr`, fgf ki sidfg r`dli adrbifi oi budodbfg

odll’dttivitî oi sviluppg p`r bli dutgri, ` quifoi il t`ftdtivg oi “lij`rdr` il sgetwdr`‑ sid o`stifdtg dl edllia`ftg, g, s` fgf dltrg,sid kirkgskrittg do uf bruppg, p`r qudftg `st`sg ò dttivg, oi hdkc`rs. If r`dltî ki sgfg dlkufi `là`fti kh` bigkdfg d sug

edvgr`= dfzituttg, il sgetwdr` lij`rg è brdtuitg g qudsi, ` kiú kgstituisk` uf ril`vdft` edttgr` pgsitivg f`lld sud oieeusigf`3 ifs`kgfog lugbg, il sug eufzigfda`ftg puú risultdr` più stdjil` oi dlkufi sistài gp`rdtivi kgstgsi ` “khiusi‑3 if t`rzg lugbg, iprgv`fti o`rivdfg p`r i prgbrdaadtgri odll’dssist`fzd t`kfikd, odlld p`rsgfdlizzdzigf` oì prgbrdaai d aisurd oì kli`fti,odll’dttivitî oi ogkua`ftdzigf` `splikdtivd.

Il kgstg o`l sgetwdr` gbbi fgf è uf jugf ifoik` p`r stdjilir` il t`fgr` oi vitd o`ll` p`rsgf` kh` lg hdffg r`dlizzdtg.

§.5.4.:.:.:.- [getwdr` lij`rg g Er`` [getwdr` g Lijr` sgetwdr` (P@)

Il er`` sgetwdr` è lij`rg if s`fsg “io`glgbikg‑ ` fgf if qudftg “brdtuitg‑.«si trdttd oi “ er`` sp``kh‑ ` fgf oi “ er`` j``r ‑ ³ kga` skriv` il k`l`jr` prgbrdaadtgr` ò dttivistd Zikhdro [tdlladf0:,

il qudl` egfoú ld Er`` [getwdr` Egufodtigf ò if s`buitg il prgb`ttg BFP (odll’`spr`ssigf` rikgrsivd= Bfu’s Fgt Pfix) p`r

0: Uòdsi p`r `sàpig ZIKHDZO A. [_DLLADF, Er`` [getwdr`, Er`` [gki`ty= th` s`l`ktò @ssdys ge Zikhdro A. [tdlladf (:>>:),trdogttg od J`rfdrog ^drr`lld ` Bruppg trdouttgri o`l prgb`ttg BFP, [getwdr` lij`rg, p`fsi`rg lij`rg, d kurd oi J`rfdrog ^drr`lld,






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uf sistàd gp`rdtivg “dlt`rfdtivg‑ d qu`lli prgpri`tdri. If dltri t`raifi= «Rh`f w` sp`dc ge er`` sgetwdr`, w` dr` rè`rrifbtg er`òga, fgt prik`³.

Pf jugf `sàpig è il prgbrdaad dpplikdtivg Gp`fgeeik`.

Il sgetwdr` è “lij`rg‑ sglg qudfog l’ut`ft` hd l` s`bu`fti qudttrg edkgltî=

U`rsigf` ifbl`s` _rdouzigf` itdlidfd(4) _h` er`òga tg ruf th` prgbrda, egr dfy purpgs` (er`òga >). (4) Ld lij`rtî oi `s`buir` il prgbrdaad, p`r qudlsidsi skgpg.

(:) _h` er`òga tg stuoy hgw th` prgbrda wgrcs, dfo dodpt it tgygur f`òs (er`òga 4). Dkk`ss tg th` sgurk` kgo` is d pr`-kgfoitigf egr this.

(:) Ld lij`rtî oi stuoidr` kga` eufzigfd il prgbrdaad ` dodttdrlgdll` prgpri` f`k`ssitî.

(;) _h` er`òga tg ròistrijut` kgpi`s sg ygu kdf h`lp ygurfìbhjgr (er`òga :).

(;) Ld lij`rtî oi rioistrijuir` kgpi` if agog od diutdr` il prgssiag.

(?) _h` er`òga tg iaprgv` th` prgbrda, dfo r`l`ds` ygur ia- prgvà`fts tg th` pujl ik, sg thdt th` whgl` kgaaufity j`f`-eits (er`òga ;). Dkk`ss tg th` sgurk` kgo` is d pr`kgfoitigfegr this.

(?) Ld lij`rtî oi aibligrdr` il prgbrdaad ` oistrijuirf` pujjlikd-a`ft` i aibligrda`fti, if agog tdl` kh` tuttd ld kgaufitî f`trdbbd j`fèikig.

§.5.4.:.:.;.- Kgpylèt= dll ribhts r`v`rsò (Ogf Hgpcifs) / dll wrgfbs r`s`rvò (Li-Kh`f Rdfb)7

Il kgpylèt r dppr`s`ftd l’`vgluzigf` o`l fukl`g t`grikg o`l er`` sgetwdr` ` kgstituisk` ld sud `spr`ssigf` biurioikd.

Il sgetwdr` kgpylèt fgf è “s`fzd lik`fzd‑. [i trdttd ifv`k` oi uf sgetwdr` oieeusg kgf ufd lik`fzd pdrtikgldr` if kuil’dutgr` rifufkid dl oirittg oi kgpid `sklusivd ‛ kh` quifoi “ldskid‑ ‛ fì kgfergfti o`ll’ut`ft`, il qudl` puú lij`rda`ft` kg-pidr` ` rioistrijuir` i prgbrdaai.

Ld lik`fzd, o`fgaifdtd B^L (B`f`rdl ûjlik Lik`fs`), è kgapdrsd f`l 4989 ` stdjilisk` p`r il j`fèikidrig l` qudttrglij`rtî sgprd ifoikdt`, gjjlibdfoglg d ritrdsa`tt`r` dbli dltri ut`fti bli st`ssi oiritti ̀ quifoi d kgfoivio`rl` kgf lgrg0;= si trdt-td oi ufg shdr` ‛ dlic`, kh`, if egfog, fgf è kh` ld rivisitdzigf` o`l fgtg jrgkdrog ldtifg «fàg plus muris …³.

[gfg rildskidti if qu`stg agog, p`r `sàpig=(4) [istài gp`rdtivi=

d. LIFPX, il sistàd gp`rdtivg sviluppdtg od Lifus _grwdros d pdrtir` odl 499:, oistrijuitg sgttg lik`fzdBFP B^L3

j. HPZO, prgogttg o`l prgb`ttg BFP (BFP is Fgt Pfix), dfkgrd if eds` oi sviluppg.

k. Dforgio , il sistàd gp`rdtivg più oieeusg o`bli sadrtphgf`s, o`rivdtg od ufd pidttdegrad Lifux.(:) Dpplikdtivi oi oiv`rsi tipi= BIA^ p`r ld brdeikd, do ̀ sàpig.

5.:.- L` gp`r` “l`tt`rdri`‑ ` l` lik`fz` Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs if pdrtikgldr`

[ulld skgrtd o`bli stuoi kgapiuti sulld prgt`zigf` biurioikd o`l sgetwdr`, si è t`ftdtg oi `st`fo`r` i aò`siai strua`ftikgfk`ttudli do gp`r` ift`ll`ttudli oiv`rs` if agog od brdoudr` l` egraul` kgf kui qu`st` pgssgfg `ss`r` kgfoivisòdll’dutgr` kgf bli dltri ifoivioui, kga` puftg ift`raòig trd i ou` `strài=

(4) Ld tgtdl` ris`rvd oì oiritti od pdrt` o`ll’dutgr`, quifoi ld ̀ sklusivitî o`ll’utilizzg3

(:) Ld tgtdl` kgfoivisigf` o`ll’gp`rd trd bli ut`fti, quifoi ld p`roitd oi vdlgr`.

5.:.4.- Lik`fz` B^L

Uit`rjg= [tdapd dlt`rfdtivd Fugvi `quilijri :>>;. Ld pujjlikdzigf` ripgrtd l` s`bu`fti kgfoizigfi= «ld kgpid l`tt`rdl` ` ld oistrijuzig-f` oi qu`stg t`stg f`lld sud ift`brdlitî sgfg p`ra`ss` kgf qudlsidsi a`zzg, d kgfoizigf` kh` sid adft`futd qu`std fgtd³.

0; Bli st`ssi edutgri o`l kgpylèt ifedtti, fgf rifufkidfg dl oirittg o’dutgr`, ` fàa`fg dll’iapdlkdturd o`lld kg apl`ssivd oiskiplifd o`ls`ttgr`= «^rgt`bbidag i oiritti o l̀l'ut`ft` if ou` agoi= prgt`bb`fog il sgetwdr` kgf uf kgpyribht, ` geer`fog ufd lik`fzd kh` oid il p`ra`ssg l`bdl` oi kgpidr`, oistrijuir` ` agoieikdr` il ^rgbrdaad. Ifgltr`, p`r prgt`bb`r` gbfi dutgr` ` fgi st`ssi, vgblidag dssiku-

rdrki kh` gbfufg kdpiskd kh` fgf ki sgfg bdrdfzi` p`r i prgbrdaai kgp`rti od B^L. [` il prgbrdaad vi`f` agoieikdtg od qudlkufdltrg ` rioistrijuitg, vgblidag kh` bli dkquir`fti sdppidfg kh` kiú kh` hdffg fgf è l'gribifdl`, if agog kh̀ gbfi prgjlàd iftrgogttgod dltri fgf si riel`ttd sulld r`putdzigf` o`bli dutgri gribifdri ³. Ld trdouzigf` è ripr`sd odlld lik`fzd dff`ssd dl prgbrdaad KG.E.skdrikdjil` dl sitg o`ll’Pfiv`rsitî oi Poif`= http=//www.oiai.ufiuo.it/~aikuldf/Kge-4.:j.zip


http://www.dimi.uniud.it/~miculan/Cof-1.2b.zip







6 (*) Ld lgbikd “gp`f sgurk`‑ odl sgetwdr` dll` gp`r` “l`tt`rdri`‑ dll’hdrowdr ̀6

_`stg oispgfijil` su lik`fzd Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs - http=//kr`dtiv`kgaagfs.grb/lik`fs`s/jy-fk-fo/:.0/o`ò.it :? / :5

Ifizidla`ft` l’`st`fsigf` o`ll` lik`fz` B^L `rd stdtg p`fsdtg p`r ld ogkua`ftdzigf` o`l sgetwdr`, if agog od kgf-s`ftir` ld più oieeusd kirkgldzigf` oì adfudli oi eufzigfda`ftg oì prgbrdaai. [ukk`ssivda`ft` si `st`s` qu`stg a`k-kdfisag do dltr` gp`r` ift`ll`ttudli, dfkh` dutgfga` risp`ttg dl sgetwdr`.

@sàpig= Ricipòid s`bu` ld BFP EOL (Er`` Ogkua`ftdtigf Lik`fs`).

5.:.:.- Lik`fz` Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs= sga` ribhts r`s`rvò

Odbli stuoi oi Ldwr`fk` L`ssifb, oieeusi odl 45 oikàjr` :>>:, l` lik`fz` oistifbugfg qudttrg kdt`bgri` oi eufzigfi od dpplikdr` dll` gp`r` p`r brdoudrf` ld kgfoivisigf` kgf bli dltri ut`fti=

[iajgli (o`òs) [ibld [pi`bdzigf` (t`stg gribifdl`)

Dttrijuzigf` (jy) Ygu l`t gth`rs kgpy, oistrijut`, oispldy, dfo p`regra ygur kgpyribhtò wgrc ‟ dfoo`rivdtiv` wgrcs jdsò upgf it ‟ jut gfly ie th`y biv` kròit th` wdy ygu r`qu`st 0?.

Fgf usg kgaa`rkidl` (fk)Ygu l`t gth`rs kgpy, oistrijut`, oispldy, dfo p`regra ygur wgrc ‟ dfo o`rivdtiv`wgrcs jdsò upgf it ‟ jut egr fgfkgaa`rkidl purpgs`s gfly00.

Fgf gp`r` o`rivdt` (fo) Ygu l`t gth`rs kgpy, oistrijut`, oispldy, dfo p`regra gfly v`rjdtia kgpi`s ge ygurwgrc, fgt o`rivdtiv` wgrcs jdsò upgf it05.

Kgfoivioi dllg st`ssg agog (sd) Ygu dllgw gth`rs tg oistrijut` o`rivdtiv` wgrcs gfly ufo`r d lik`fs` io`ftikdl tg th`lik`fs` thdt bgv`rfs ygur wgrc02.

Tu`st` edkgltî si kgajifdfg trd lgrg b`f`rdfog sì oiv`rs` lik`fz` kh`, p`r ufd adbbigr` kgagoitî o`bli ut`fti ‛ dfkh` if`sp`rti ` pgkg dvv`zzi dll` tàdtikh` o`l kgpyribht - sgfg rdppr`s`ftdt` od ufd sp`kieikd ikgfgbrdeid KgaagfsO`ò , fgfkhè od dlkufi tdbs kh` pgssgfg `ss`r` eissdti sul adt`ridl` oibitdl`, Oibitdl Kgo`.

[iajgli (o`òs) [ibld

Dttrijutigf (jy)

Dttrijutigf [hdr` Dlic` (jy-sd)

Dttrijutigf Fg O`rivdtiv`s (jy-fo)

Dttrijutigf Fgf-kgaa`rkidl (jy-fk)

Dttrijutigf Fgf-kgaa`rkidl [hdr` Dlic` (jy-fk-sd)

Dttrijutigf Fgf-kgaa`rkidl Fg O`rivdtiv`s (jy-fk-fo)

5.;.- Gp`f [gurk` H drowdr`= il kdsg “Drouifg‑

L’dvv`ftg o`ll’gp`f sgurk` hd ifelu`fzdtg dfkh` ld kgapgf`ftistikd. ^`r `sàpig, si puú rikgrodr` uf kgfelittg trdOZA ` er`` sgetwdr` r`ldtivg dl suppgrtg _IUG, vio`gr`bistrdtgr` oibitdl` kh` kgfs`ft` il eufzigfda`ftg sglg oi prg-brdaai kgf eirad oibitdl` dutgrizzdtd odlld kdsd prgouttrik`. If `ssg si r`dlizzdfg o`ll` liaitdzigfi d liv`llg hdrowdr` oidlkuf` eufzigfdlitî daa`ss` d liv`llg sgetwdr`. if sgstdfzd, il sgetwdr` è kgpylèt , ad ld adkkhifd jlgkkd l’utilizzg oiv`rsigfi o`rivdt`. [`kgfog [tdlladf si trdttd oi ufd vigldzigf` oì oirittg o`ll’dutgr`. [`kgfog _grvdlos ifv`k` fg. Ld oi-skussigf` è dfkgrd dp`rtd.

0? «_u ldski l’utilizzdtgr` kgpidr`, oistrijuir`, visudlizzdr` g ift`rpr`tdr` il tug ldvgrg ‛ ` l` gp`rd o`rivdt` od `ssg ‛ ad sglg s` lgrg tirikgfgskgfg ld pdt`rfitî f`l agog if kui lg rikhiòi ³.

00 _u ldski l’utilizzdtgr` kgpidr`, oistrijuir`, visudlizzdr` g ift`rpr`tdr` il tug ldvgrg ‛ ` l` gp`rd o`rivdt` od `ssg ‛ ad sglg p`r skgpi

fgf kgaa`rkidli ³.05 «_u ldski l’utilizzdtgr` kgpidr`, oistrijuir`, visudlizzdr` g ift`rpr`tdr` il tug ldvgrg ` l` su` kgpi` eò`li, ad fgf l` gp`r` o`rivdt`³.02 «_u kgfs`fti dbli dltri ld oistrijuzigf` oi gp`r` o`rivdt` sglg sgttg ufd lik`fzd io`ftikd d qu`lld kh` r`bgld ld tud gp`rd³ ([hdr`-dlic`).






_`stg oispgfijil` su lik`fzd Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs - http=//kr`dtiv`kgaagfs.grb/lik`fs`s/jy-fk-fo/:.0/o`ò.it :0 / :5

È util` kgfk`ftrdr` l’dtt`fzigf` su uf e`fga`fg dfkgrd oiv`rsg od “_IUG‑, kigè ld dpplikdzigf` o`lld a`ftdlitî “gp`fsgurk`‑ oir`ttda`ft` dlld kgapgf`ftistikd, kigè dll’hdrowdr`.

If qu`stg s`fsg si pgssgfg rikgrodr` oiv`rsi `sàpi.

Ui sgfg oiv`rsi prgb`tti kh` t`ftdfg oi sviluppdr` ufd pidttdegrad “dp`rtd‑ ` “agouldr`‑ p`r ld kgstruzigf` oi t`lègfik`lluldri, oi agog kh` kidskuf kgfsuadtgr` pgssd p`rsgfdlizzdr` il sug dppdr`kkhig s`kgfog l` su` `sib`fz`.

Tui s` f` kitdfg ou`=

^hgf`jlgcs (Agtgrgld) ^rgm`kt DZD

https=//phgf`jlgcs.kga/`f http=//www.prgm`ktdrd.kga/

If qu`stg s`fsg è util` rikgrodr` Drouifg, sviluppdtg odl :>>0 d Ivr`d ‛ if pr`kò`fzd sò` o`lld Gliv`tti ‛ `dll’dvdfbudroid d liv`llg agfoidl` if qu`stg s`ttgr`.

[i trdttd `ss`fzidla`ft` oi ufd skhòd `l`ttrgfikd kh` puú `ss`r` prgbrdaadtd dttrdv`rsg uf kgaput`r ` kh` puú`ss`r` kgff`ssd d sud vgltd kgf oiv`rs` kgapgf`fti. Bli skhài oì kirkuiti sgfg rildskidti if agodlitî “gp`f sgurk`‑ -Lik`fzd Kr`dtiv` Kgaagfs Dttrijutigf-[hdr`Dlic` :.0 ‛ if agog kh` bli sviluppdtgri o`lld kgaufitî pgssgfg kgstruir` ipiù oiv`rsi dppdrdti ` kgff`tt`rli (sistài B^[, s`fsgri oi kdlgr`, oi agvia`ftg, agtgri `l`ttriki). Ld Ift`l, kglgssg prgout-tgr` oi hdrowdr`, hd iftrgogttg ufd skhòd `l`ttrgfikd if brdog oi kgff`tt`rsi kgf “Drouifg‑ kgftriju`fog do ifkrà`ftd-r` ld pldt`d oi ut`fti08.

Udl` odvv`rg ld p`fd oi budrodr` qu`stg ogkua`ftdrig r`dlizzdtg odlld ròdzigf` oi Rirò Itdlid.

http=//www.wirò.it/tv/drouifg-kr`dr`-`-uf-bigkg-od-rdbdzzi-drouifg-kr`dtigf-khilos-pldy-itd-`fb/

08 @sist` p`rsifg ufd v`rsigf` ult`rigr` “Er`òuifg‑ if kui bli st`ssi eil`s oi prgb`ttdzigf` sgfg oistrijuiti if egrauld “gp`f o`sibf‑.


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http://www.projectara.com/

https://phonebloks.com/en




6 ^rifkipdli rie`ria`fti 6

Eiburd 4= hga` pdb` oi www.drouifg.kk

2.- ^rifkipdli rie`ria`fti

DLUDFIFI, [., @qug kgap`fsg= eifdla`ft` p`r kgpid privdtd,, if «Il Oirittg Ifoustridl`³³, f. 4 (:>4>), pp. 84.

D[KDZ@LLI, _PLLIG, _`grid o`lld kgfkgrr`fzd ` oì j`fi iaadt`ridli. Istituzigfi oi oirittg ifoustridl` , ; ò., Aildfg= Biueer ̀ ̎

495>.

EIFGKKHIDZG, B., Jdfkh` odti dl sikurg kgf lg skuog o`ll` prgt`zigfi , if «Buiod dl Oirittg³, f. 49 (:>>:), pp. 00.

EIGZIBLIG, BIDFLPIBI, Hdkc`rs, Zgad= Fugvd kulturd (^dssdtg ` pr`s`ft`3 5) :>4>.

[_DLLADF, ZIKHDZO A., Er`` [getwdr`, Er`` [gki`ty= th` s`l`ktò @ssdys ge Zikhdro A. [tdlladf (:>>:), trdogttg odJ`rfdrog ^drr`lld ` Bruppg trdouttgri o`l prgb`ttg BFP, [getwdr` lij`rg, p`fsi`rg lij`rg, d kurd oi J`rfdrog^drr`lld, Uit`rjg= [tdapd dlt`rfdtivd Fugvi `quilijri :>>;.

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09 2013 2014 Comunicazione “molti -> molti”: copyright e condivisione

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