03 2013 2014 Comunicazione 1 1: “scambio senza accordo” e contratto telematico

7/22/2019 03 2013 2014 Comunicazione 1 1: “scambio senza accordo” e contratto telematico

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Tlnvdrsntí gdabn [tugn gn Tgnld < Gnp`rtncdlto gn [kndlzd anurngnkhd < Nljorc`tnk` Anurngnk` --< Koculnk`znold 0 2-<0 9=0;-<9=07

Wdsto gnspolninbd su bnkdlz` Krd`tnvd Koccols - http5//krd`tnvdkoccols.ora/bnkdlsds/iy-lk-lg/9.4/gddg.nt 0 / 9;

Koculnk`znold 0 2-< 05 ‒sk`cino sdlz` `kkorgo– d koltr`tto tdbdc`tnko

0.- ]rdcdss` `bb` tr`tt`znold5 nb proibdc` gdbb` ‒koculnk`znold– ............................................................................................................... 9 9.- Pudstnoln tdkloboankhd prdbncnl`rn5 n cdzzn gdbb` pdr b` ‒koculnk`znold– .......................................................................................... ;

9.0.- (*) Kdlln subb` storn` gdbbd koculnk`znoln dbdttrnkhd.............................................................................................................................. ; 9.9.- B` koculnk`znold `snlkrol` su Nltdrldt5 b` «post` dbdttrolnk`¶ ......................................................................................................... 7

;.- (*) Nltroguznold tdordtnk`5 koltr`tt`znold tdbdc`tnk`– kocd «sk`cin sdlz` `kkorgo¶? ................................................................... : 7.- ]`lor`c` gn gnrntto posntnvo5 ‒koculnk`znold–, ‒ldaozn`znold– d ‒koltr`tto ` gnst`lz`– (kdlln) ................................................ >

7.0.- Gnstnlznoln prdbncnl`rn5 ngdltnjnk`znold gdbb` k`tdaorn` kolsngdr`t` ................................................................................................... > 7.0.0.- C`lk`lz` gn koljorcntí `bb` struttur` «0-<0¶ .............................................................................................................................. > 7.0.9.- Nlsujjnkndltd gdjnlnznold gdabn dbdcdltn ....................................................................................................................................... 0=

7.9.- B` jorc`znold gdb kolsdlso5 propost` d `kkdtt`znold .......................................................................................................................... 0= 7.;.- Nb koltr`tto –` gnst`lz`–5 bd qudstnoln prnlknp`bn .................................................................................................................................. 00

7.;.0.- Ngdltntí gdbbd p`rtn d koljorcntí gdbbd gnkhn`r`znoln (rnlvno) .................................................................................................... 00 7.;.9.- Nb cocdlto (d nb buoao) gn kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto ‒` gnst`lz`–5 b„‒nlgnrnzzo– .................................................................. 00 7.;.;.- Pudstnoln ubtdrnorn gdb koltr`tto ‒` gnst`lz`– .............................................................................................................................. 07

4.- Nb ‒koltr`tto tdbdc`tnko–5 ‒koccdrkno dbdttrolnko– d ‒post` dbdttrolnk`– .......................................................................................... 04 4.0.- (*) Nl vn` prdbncnl`rd, projnbn anurngnkn gdbbd tr`gnznol`bn koculnk`znoln `snlkrold 0-<0 (kdlln) ................................................ 04

4.0.0.- Nb tdbdar`cc` .................................................................................................................................................................................... 04 4.0.9.- Nb j`x ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 0:

4.9.- Gdjnlnznold gn ‒koltr`tto tdbdc`tnko– ..................................................................................................................................................... 0: 4.;.- B` jorc`znold gdbb„`kkorgo tdbdc`tnko cdgn ltd post` dbdttrolnk ................................................................................................... 01

4.;.0.- B` «prdsulznold gn koloskdlz`¶ d b„‒nlgnrnzzo– ........................................................................................................................ 01 4.;.9.- Ossdrv`znoln sub buoao .................................................................................................................................................................... 08 4.;.;.- Ossdrv`znoln sub cocdlto ............................................................................................................................................................. 08 4.;.7.- Nb proibdc` gdbb` jorc` ldb koltr`tto tdbdc`tnko ........................................................................................................................ 08

4.7.- Pu`gro lorc`tnvo spdknjnko pdr n «koltr`ttn tdbdc`tnkn¶5 nb ‒koccdrkno dbdttrolnko– ................................................................... 0> :.- (*) @pprojolgncdltn .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 90

:.0.- [ubbd prospdttnvd gdbbd koculnk`znoln dbdttrolnkhd nl Ydtd .................................................................................................................. 90 :.9.- ‒Nltdrldt oj thnlas– ‛ rnlvno ..................................................................................................................................................................... 99

1.- ]rnlknp`bn rnjdrncdltn ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 99

N p`r`ar`jn dvngdlzn`tn kol nb sdalo (*) kostntunskolo ‒@pprojolgncdlto– d pdrt`lto solo oaadtto gdbproar`cc` g„ds`cd pdr abn stugdltn gn Anurnsprugdlz` d [kndlzd anurngnkhd, lol pdr abn stugdltn gn

[kndlzd gdn [drvnzn anurngnkn puiibnkn d prnv`tn.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/deed.it




< ]rdcdss` bb` tr`tt`znold5 nb proibdc` gdbb` ‒koculnk`znold– <


0.- ]rdcdss` `bb` tr`tt`znold5 nb proibdc` gdbb` ‒koculnk`znold–0

Jnaur` 05 ‒ Wncd Cà`znld– gdb ; adll`no 0>8;, Zob. 090 L. 09 Jnaur` 9 5 ‒Wncd Cà`znld– gdb 94 gnkdcird 9==:, Zob. 0:8 L. 9: ;

Wr` qudstd gud nccànln ‛ b` kopdrtnl` gn ‒Wncd Cà`znld– khd tr`gnznol`bcdltd r`pprdsdlt` b` ‒pdrsol` gdbb„`llo– ‛ solo tr`skorsn 9; `lln. Dppurd nb boro snalnjnk`to è r`gnk`bcdltd gnvdrso5 b` prnc` kdbdir` b„`vvdlto gdb ]drsol`b Kocputdrkocd b` koljdrc` gn ul` luov` dr` tdkloboank`, tdlt`lgo gn gdskrnvdrd qudsto p`ssàano ldbbd sud krntnkntí quotngn`ld5nlj`ttn b` gnkntur` ‒]drsol` gdbb„@llo– vndld sostntunt` g` ‒C`kkhnl` gdbb„@llo–. Ldbb` sdkolg`, nlvdkd, b` kopdrtnl` è bukng`,t`lto g` kolsdltnrd b bdttord gn rnjbdttdrsn subb` su` supdrjnknd d qunlgn gn ‒ngdltnjnk`rsn– nl kobun n b qu`bd ‒dltr`– ldbbo skhdrcogdb k`bkob`tord. G` knù b„`cinauntí, vobut` g`bb` rdg`znold gdb pdrnognko st`tulntdlsd5 nb kocputdr è `lkor` sobt`lto ul`‒c`kkhnl`– o è gnvdlt`to ul` ‒pdrsol`–? d b` pdrsol`, gnvdldlgo ‒protàolnst`– gdbb„dr` gdbb„nljorc`znold, rnc`ld `lkor`‒dssdrd uc`lo– oppurd gnvdlt` `lkh„dbb` ‒c`kkhnl`–?

]dr qu`lto kolkdrld nb gnrntto, b` qudstnold sn pold rdb`tnv`cdltd `bb` soaadttnvntí anurngnk`5 dss` gdvd rnau`rg`rdsobo bd pdrsold, abn dssdrn uc`ln, oppurd puù dssdrd dstds` `lkhd `bbd c`kkhnld, d qunlgn `n sojtw`rd?

]onkhî b„`kkorgo anurngnko è dsprdssnold gn ùtolocn` gdbbd p`rtn, d ponkhî pdr dssdrd ‒p`rtd– gn ul `kkorgo okkorrddssdrd nl ar`go gn dsprncdrld b„nltdlznold, rnspdtto `bbd luovd tdkloboand sn pold ul proibdc` gn lol poko kolto5 b` k`-p`kntí ldaozn`bd gdn k`bkob`torn dbdttrolnkn. [d è vdro khd b` tdkloboan` kolsdltd gn svnbupp`rd cotorn gn nltdbbnadlz``rtnjnkn`bd, è possninbd `ttrniunrd ` qudstn proar`ccn ul` jorc` gn soaadttnvntí anurngnk`? Nl `btrn tdrcnln, sd ‒Gddp Ibud– è

st`to nl ar`go gn skoljnaadrd F`sp`rov `b anoko gdabn sk`kkhn, pdrkhî lol kolsdltnrabn gn dssdrd p`rtd gn ul` koltr`tt`-znold? Nb proibdc` qun puù dssdrd sobo `kkdll`to. Zdrrí rnprdso ldbbd bdznoln sukkdssnvd, kolkdrldltn b„nltdbbnadlz` `rtnjn-kn`bd.

]dr tdlt`rd gn nlqu`gr`rd b` qudstnold, è utnbd rnprdlgdrd qudsto proibdc`, d qudbbn sobbdv`tn ldbb` prdsdlt`znold gdbKorso, nltrogukdlgo qudbb` khd è b` tr`tt`znold proprn`cdltd anurngnk`, gopo b` p`rdltdsn gdbb` bdznold prdkdgdltd, gdgn-k`t` abn spdttn tdklnkn ‛ o cdabno julznol`bn ‛ gn Nltdrldt.

[n nltrogukd nl qudst` sdgd b` prnc` k`tdaorn` gn koculnk`znold dbdttrolnk`, prnc` gdbbd qu`ttro nlgnvngu`td ldbb` prnc`bdznold5 b` koculnk`znold vdr` d proprn`, qudbb` khd `vvndld tr` snlaobn nlgnvngun. [daudlgo bo skhdc` ngd`bd aní cdlzno-l`to nl prdkdgdlz`, qun sn kolsngdr` nb «prnco qu`gr`ltd¶, qudbbo rdb`tnvo `bb` «koculnk`znold 0-<0¶5

0 Bd sdznoln nb kun tntobo nlnzn` kol ul `stdrnsko ‒(*)–. [olo g` nltdlgdrsn kocd ‒`pprojolgncdlto–. 9 http5//www.tncd.koc/tncd/kovdrs/=,0::70,0>8;=0=;,==.htcb; http5//www.tncd.koc/tncd/kovdrs/=,0::70,9==:0994,==.htcb


http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19830103,00.html







< Pudstnoln tdkloboankhd prdbncnl`rn5 n cdzzn gdbb` pdr b` ‒koculnk`znold– <

Wdsto gnspolninbd su bnkdlz` Krd`tnvd Koccols - http5//krd`tnvdkoccols.ora/bnkdlsds/iy-lk-lg/9.4/gddg.nt ; / 9;

0 cobtn

0 V0SV0S V0SV9S

cobtn V9SV0S V9SV9S

Okkorrd ` qudsto pulto `pprojolgnrd b„`spdtto gdbb` «Koculnk`znold 0 -< 0¶ khd rnau`rg` nb gnrntto.Anurngnk`cdltd, b„nltdr`znold tr` gud pdrsold puù `vvdlnrd nl gnvdrsn cogn5 (0) nl cogo ‒p`toboanko–, nl k`so gn nlstùr`znold gdbbd koltrovdrsnd. Pudst` dvdltu`bntí s`rí kolsngdr`t` nl

qudst` sdgd proposnto gdbb` ‒anustnzn` dbdttrolnk`– d gdb gnrntto pdl`bd gdbb„nljorc`tnk`. (9) nl cogo ‒jnsnoboanko–, ldb„orgnl`rno tr`jjnko anurngnko gdbb` quotngn`lntí, d prnlknp`bcdltd ldbb` kostntuznold gn

oiibna`znoln anurngnkhd (nl c`ssnc` p`rtd gn k`r`ttdrd ldaozn`bd).

Nl qudst` sdgd è utnbd kolkdltr`rd b „`ttdlznold subb` sdkolg` k`tdaorn` kolkdttu`bd, nl kun trov` sp`zno b` proibdc`tnk``ttnldltd bb„nlkoltro gdbbd voboltí ldaozn`bn nl Ydtd, d qunlgn knù khd nl sdlso `cpno sn gdjnlnskd kocd ‒koltr`tt`znold–.

Nb tdrcnld è utnbnzz`to qun tdcpor`ld`cdltd nl cogo ncproprno dg nl sdlso adldrnko pdr nlgnk`rd ul nlsndcd gn `ttnvntí

`b kun nltdrlo okkorrd `lkor` kocpndrd ul` gnstnlznold snlo `g dlukbd`rd b` jnaur` gdbb„«`kkorgo tdbdc`tnko¶. Nl qudst` sdgd sn prdlgolo nl kolsngdr`znold n sdaudltn qudsntn5(0) Kocd koculnk`lo abn uocnln su Nltdrldt? B` koculnk`znold è dssdlzn`bcdltd gnvdrs`? Cut` nb p`r`gnac`

kolkdttu`bd `bb` qu`bd sn`co ìntu`tn ldbb` quotngn`lntí?

(9) [d sussnstd ul` qu`bkhd gnjjdrdlz`, qu`bn ncpbnk`znoln vn solo ldb k`cpo gdb gnrntto?(;) Kocd è gnsknpbnl`t`, g`b pulto gn vnst` anurngnko, b` koltr`tt`znold tdbdc`tnk`?(7) Khd kolkdtto gn ‒uoco– è prdsupposto `bb„ngd` gn koculnk`znold? (4) Khd kolkdttn gn gnrntto è ncpbnknto nl qudst` ngdoboan`?

9.- Pudstnoln tdkloboankhd prdbncnl`rn5 n cdzzn gdbb` pdr b` ‒koculnk`znold–

Insoal` j`rd ul` gnstnlznold prdbncnl`rd5- Koculnk`znold «snlkrol`¶5 tdbdjolo, Nlst`lt Cdssànla (NC)5 b` gnst`lz` jnsnk` lol ncpdgnskd b` koculnk`znold

nl tdcpo rd`bd tr` bd p`rtn6- Koculnk`znold «`snlkrol`¶5 tdbdar`cc`, tdbdx, j`x, [C[, post` dbdttrolnk`.

Nl qudst` sdgd cn sdcir` utnbd rnpdrkorrdrd irdvdcdltd nb julznol`cdlto gdabn strucdltn gn koculnk`znold ` gnst`lz`,nl cogo g` rdlgdrd kolto gdbb„dvobuznold anurnsprugdlzn`bd.

9.0.- (*) Kdlln subb` storn` gdbbd koculnk`znoln dbdttrnkhd

]dr irdvntí, è utnbd sobt`lto `kkdll`rd `n snstdcn gn koculnk`znoln tr`gnznol`bn (tdbdjolo, tdbdar`jo, j`x), pdr kolkdltr`rd

b„`ttdlznold su qudbbn pnþ rdkdltn (NC, [C[, c`nb). Irdvnssnc` storn` gdbbd koculnk`znoln `snccdtrnkhd ‒0-<0–5

- 0877, 97 càano, Corsd spdgnskd b` prnc` tr`scnssnold ujjnkn`bd (Q`shnlatol / I`btncor`)6- 087:, @bdx`lgdr I`nl svnbupp` ul snstdc` khd kolsdltd gn tr`scdttdrd nccànln `ttr`vdrso olgd r`gno (`ltdl`to

gdb j`x)- 08>0, Wdsb` irdvdtt` ul snstdc` gn tdbdar`jn` sdlz` jnbn6- 08>7, Auabndco C`rkoln nlnzn` n suon dspdrncdltn subbd olgd r`gno6

- 0>;=, (`lln), vndld nltrogotto nb ‒tdbdx–, (WDBdprnltdr Dxkh`lad), snstdc` gn tdbdskrnvdltn utnbnzz`td pdr tr`scdttdrdtdsto `ttr`vdrso kolldssnoln dbdttrnkhd6

- 0>1= (`lln), sn svnbupp` b` tr`scnssnold gn j`x `ttr`vdrso b` rdtd tdbdjolnk`.

- 9==0, ;0 gnkdcird, gnscnssnold gdb sdrvnzno tdbdx7.

7 Kjr. Knrkob`rd Cnlnstdro gdbbd Koculnk`znoln ;= lovdcird 9==0, l. 097>, nl A`zzdtt` Tjjnkn`bd l. 9>= gdb 07/09/9==0.





< Pudstnoln tdkloboankhd prdbncnl`rn 5 n cdzzn gdbb` pdr b` ‒koculnk`znold– <


Nl p`rtnkob`rd sub j`x, `lkor` cobto utnbnzz`to nl cinto b`vor`tnvo5- nb sdrvnzno ‒tdbdj`x– è st`to nltrogotto kol G.C. ]ostd 0 sdttdcird 0>8;, d `jjng`to nl adstnold dskbusnv` `bb` [N]

kol kolvdlznold G.].Y. 0; àosto 0>87, l. 49;4.

- Nb suo sukkdsso è govuto `bb` kocogntí g„uso, sopr`ttutto pdr bd knvnbtí orndlt`bn khd utnbnzz`lo skrntturd i`s`td suul lucdro `btnssnco gn ngdoar`ccn:. B„`rt.8 kocc` 0 gdb G.].Y.91 c`rzo 0>>9, l. ;0;, prdskrnvd b` c`ssnc`

gnbnadlz` ldbb„utnbnzzo gdb ‒tdbdx–. - B` prnc` sdltdlz` subb„`raocdlto ‛ K`ss. [dz. B`v. 0; jdiir`no 0>8>, l. 88: ‛ gdjnlnskd nb j`x kocd «ul snstdc`

gn post` dbdttrolnk` kol kun, `bbo skopo gn `kkdbdr`rd nb tr`sjdrncdlto gdbb` korrnspolgdlz`, vdlaolo utnbnzz`td bdrdtn tdbdjolnkhd d n tdrcnl`bn j`k-sncnbd pdr kolsdltnrd b` rnproguznold ` gnst`lz` gdb koltdluto gn gokucdltn (skrnttn,st`cp`tn, nccànln jnssd, dkk.)¶1.

9.9.- B` koculnk`znold `snlkrol` su Nltdrldt5 b` «post` dbdttrolnk`¶

Nl qudst` sdgd v`bd b` pdl` tr`tt`rd `lzntutto `bkuld qudstnoln gn c`ssnc`, pdr kolkdltr`rd b„`ttdlznold suabn `spdttnanurngnkn nl ul sdkolgo cocdlto.

[n kolsngdrn nb cdssàano gn post` dbdttrolnk` kopn`to gn sdaunto5

G`5 J`kobtí gn Anurnsprugdlz` Vj`kobt`.anurnsprugdlz`Mulnug.ntSNlvn`to5 c`rtdgâ 04 jdiir`no 9=00 075;0@5 ]OYWNLDYN@ @TBD WOC@GNLN6 ]OYWNLDYN@ K@KKN@Kk5 [email protected] `vvnso g` `jjnaadrd nl sostntuznold gdb prdkdgdltd

@bbda`tn5 Kost`_bdz_v`r.gok--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[n nlvn` nl sostntuznold gdb prdkdgdltd `vvnso rnau`rg`ltd v`rn`znold tdcpor`ld` gdbb„or`rno gn

Nljorc`tnk` anurngnk`

Ar`znd

Korgn`bn s`butn

Dsdcpno gn cdssàano c`nb

Pudstn solo n g`tn khd sn possolo rnk`v`rd g`bb„nltdst`znold5

Ydturl-]`th5 2j`kobt`.anurnsprugdlz`Mulnug.nt<Ydkdnvdg5 jroc c`nbrdb`y;0.bnidro.nt (0>9.0:8.;;.9;1) iy ncs;j>.bnidro.nt (8.4.0;9)ng 7G41D4=J===G0I71 jor [email protected] Wud, 04 Jdi 9=00 075;050> +=0==X-bnie`conit5 978:X-Nrol]ort-@ltn-[p`c-Jnbtdrdg5 trudX-Nrol]ort-@ltn-[p`c-Ydsubt5@t^D@I7]Qf;@qK[u/9gsi9Ehi@KK[okelJy8K7ZdINwKayfc

X-Nrol]ort-@Z5 D3[ophos6n3"7.:=,717,09>04>;:=="6g3"gok';9?sk`l';9,9=8,901,;9"6`3"09:=984>>8"Ydkdnvdg5 jroc ct`bnidro09.bnidro.nt (V0>9.0:8.;:.017S)iy c`nbrdb`y;0.bnidro.nt wnth D[CW]6 04 Jdi 9=00 0;5;050> +====

@uthdltnk`tnol-Ydsubts5 ct`bnidro09.bnidro.nt6 gfnc3ldutr`b (cdssàd lot snaldg) hd`gdr.n3loldYdkdnvdg-[]J5 Lold ngdltnty3c`nbjroc6 kbndlt-np3048.00=.0.90=6rdkdnvdr3ct`bnidro09.bnidro.nt6dlvdbopd-jroc3"j`kobt`.anurnsprugdlz`Mulnug.nt"6x-sdlgdr3"j`kobt`.anurnsprugdlz`Mulnug.nt"6x-koljorc`lkd3spj_olby

4 W. ]@[PTNLO, @spdttn proibdc`tnkn gdbb` kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto cdgn`ltd ‒tdbdj`x– , nl «Gnrntto gdbb'nljorc`znold d gdbb'nljorc`tnk`¶,l. ; (0>8>). Kjr. Kolvdlznold nltdrl`znol`bd gn C`bà` nb 94 ottoird 0>11, procoss` g`bb` T.N.W., Tlnold Nltdrl`znol`bd gdbbd Wdbdko-

culnk`znoln, rdkdpnt` kol bdaad 1 ottoird 0>11, l. 1>=.: LNKHOB@[ LDAYO]OLWD tr`gotto g` Jr`lko Jnbnpp`zzn d Anubn`l` Jnbnpp`zzn, Dssdrd gnant`bn , [pdrbnla & Fupjdr5 Cnb`lo ([kndlz`) 0>>4,pà. 04.

1 nl «Gnrntto gdbb'nljorc`znold d gdbb'nljorc`tnk`¶ (0>8>), l.9, pà. 474.





< Pudstnoln tdkloboankhd prdbncnl`rn5 n cdzzn gdbb` pdr b` ‒koculnk`znold– <


X-BYDCOWD-N]5 048.00=.0.90=X-bnie`conit5 948:Ydkdnvdg5 jroc c`nb.ulnug.nt (HDBO gdbnvdry.ulnug.nt) (V048.00=.0.90=S)iy ct`bnidro09.bnidro.nt wnth D[CW]6 04 Jdi 9=00 0;5;050> +====

Ydkdnvdg5 jroc losp`c.ulnug.nt (losp`c.ulnug.nt V048.00=.0.90;S)iy gdbnvdry.ulnug.nt (]ostjnx) wnth D[CW] ng K7K@1I19;::jor [email protected]<6 Wud, 04 Jdi 9=00 075;050; +=0== (KDW)

X-Znrus-[k`lldg5 Gdin`l `c`vnsg-ldw `t t`bnth`9.kk.ulnug.nt

Ydkdnvdg5 jroc sctp.ulnug.nt (V048.00=.0.99:S)iy losp`c.ulnug.nt (losp`c.ulnug.nt V048.00=.0.90;S) (`c`vnsg-ldw, port 0==98)wnth D[CW] ng LTf:^:yIwhIE jor [email protected]<6Wud, 04 Jdi 9=00 075;050; +=0== (KDW)

Ydkdnvdg5 jroc pkjàn9== (ulflowl V048.00=.0=:.0:4S)iy sctp.ulnug.nt (]ostjnx) wnth D[CW]@ ng 04GK40D==46Wud, 04 Jdi 9=00 075;050; +=0== (KDW)

Jroc5 3?nso-884>-0?P?J`kobt3D=_gn_Anurnsprugdlz`?3 2j`kobt`.anurnsprugdlz`Mulnug.nt<Wo5 "]OYWNLDYN@ @TBD WOC@GNLN" 2portnldrn`.dkolocn`Mulnug.nt<,

"]OYWNLDYN@ K@KKN@" 2portnldrn`.k`kkn`Mulnug.nt<Kk5 [email protected]<[uiedkt5 `vvnso g` `jjnaadrd nl sostntuznold gdb prdkdgdltdG`td5 Wud, 04 Jdi 9=00 075;05=: +=0==Cdssàd-NG5 280G>IG91DG:D7IG>@=@79744J=G71GD;M`ckd.ulnug.nt<CNCD-Zdrsnol5 0.=Koltdlt-Wypd5 cubtnp`rt/cnxdg6

ioulg`ry3"----3_Ldxt]`rt_===_==0I_=0KIKG0K.JK80>77="X-C`nbdr5 Cnkrosojt Ojjnkd Outboof 00X-CncdOBD5 ]rogukdg Iy Cnkrosojt CncdOBD Z:.==.9>==.4>>7Whrd`g-Nlgdx5 @kvCUziZÂ+OQ/tE[Z:=9saUy;Nuv@@rPx7a

Dsdcpno gn ‒Hd`gdr– gn cdssàano c`nb

Nl c`ssnc` snltdsn, nb cdssàano vndld rnkdvuto d rntr`scdsso g`n sdrvdr nl rdtd, jnlo ` anuladrd `bb` ‒k`sdbb`– gdbgdstnl`t`rno.

pkjàn9== (ulflowl np)sctp.ulnug.nt 048.00=.0.99:losp`c.ulnug.nt 048.00=.0.90;gdbnvdry.ulnug.nt 048.00=.0.90=ct`bnidro09.bnidro.nt 909.49.87.080c`nbrdb`y;0.bnidro.nt 0>9.0:8.;;.9;1ncs;j>.bnidro.nt 0>9.0:8.;1.00>

Bnst` gdn sdrvdr gn p`ssàano gdbb` c`nb sopr` nlgnk`td (g` http5//c`p.iuttdrj`t.ldt/dc nbroutdc`p/adtponlts.pb )

Jnaur` ;5 ]drkorso kocpnuto g` ul p`kkhdtto gn g`tn pdr anuladrd `bb` su` gdstnl`znold8

8 B. ZOBOLNLO d Y. @LU@BGT@, Kocputdr Jordlsnks Jor Guccnds5 Qnbdy 9==8, p. 044.


http://map.butterfat.net/emailroutemap/getpoints.pl













< (*) Nltroguznold tdordtnk`5 koltr`tt`znold tdbdc`tnk`– kocd «sk`cin sdlz` kkorgo¶? <

Wdsto gnspolninbd su bnkdlz` Krd`tnvd Koccols - http5//krd`tnvdkoccols.ora/bnkdlsds/iy-lk-lg/9.4/gddg.nt : / 9;

Pu`lgo nb cdssàano è spdgnto g`bb„utdltd, sub sdrvdr gdbb` post` nl usknt` è kolsdrv`t` ul` ‒kopn`– gdb cdssàano,b„`btr` è tr`scdss` `b rdsto gdbb` rdtd. Pudst` kopn` è rncoss` sobo qu`lgo nb cnttdltd ‒sk`rnk`– b` cnssnv`, rnkdvdlgob`5 `qudsto pulto dsnstolo sobo gud ‒kopnd–5 ul` prdsso nb cnttdltd d ul` prdsso nb gdstnl`t`rno5 qudbb` gdb sdrvdr è ul` cdco-rnzz`znold tdcpor`ld`.

[olo lotd bd ubtdrnorn julznoln gdn pnþ gnjjusn kbndlt gn post` dbdttrolnk` (pdr dsdcpno5 Qnlgows C`nb, Cnkrosojt Outboof,Whulgdrinrg)5

-

`bbda`rd gokucdltn,- nlsdrnrd ùtoc`tnk`cdltd strnlahd gn tdsto `b tdrcnld gdb korpo gdb cdssàano,

- rnkdvdrd koljdrc` gn vnsu`bnzz`znold g` p`rtd gdbb„utdltd, - rnkhndgdrd koljdrc` gn bdttur` g` p`rtd gdb gdstnl`t`rno.

Okkorrd prdkns`rd nlobtrd khd nb snlaobo utdltd puù `vdrd `kkdsso `bb` su` k`sdbb` gn post` dbdttrolnk` nl gud cogngnvdrsn, ` sdkolg` gdb protokobbo utnbnzz`to5

(0) ]O] ‛ NC@] / [CW]5 b„utdltd sk`rnk` b` post` sub proprno kocputdr (kbndlt) g`b sdrvdr6

(9) HWW]5 b„utdltd `kkdgd `bb` su` k`sdbb` gn post` dbdttrolnk` vn` wdi, `ttr`vdrso ul` orgnl`rn` l`vna`znold.

;.- (*) Nltroguznold tdordtnk`5 koltr`tt`znold tdbdc`tnk`– kocd «sk`cin sdlz` `kkorgo¶?

Pun sn nltdlgd r`kkoabndrd ‛ d snstdc`rd ‛ bd suaadstnoln khd oaan ‛ ` pnþ gn qunlgnkn `lln gn gnst`lz ‛ possolo rnk`v`rsng` ul gn`boao tr` anurnstn sub tdc` gdbb„`kkorgo tdbdc`tnko. [n tr`tt`, ` idl vdgdrd, gn ul` vdr` d proprn` gnsput` tr` L`t`bnloNrtn> d Anorano Oppo0= kolgott` sdlz` dskbusnold gn kobpn sub jnbo gdbb` pnþ ttdlt` gottrnl` gdb gnrntto.

Nl qudst` sdgd lol nltdrdss` dltr`rd ldb cdrnto gdbbd qudstnoln knvnbnstnkhd sobbdv`td, c` nlgnvngu`rd n proibdcn tdordtnknkhd st`llo subbo sjolgo.

B` prospdttnv` gdbnld`t` g` Nrtn sn puù dsporrd kocd ul` sort` gn jdlocdloboan` ngd`bnstnk` d sn puù rn`ssucdrd ldbboskhdc` khd sdaud5

]`r`gnac` `ltropoboanko ]`r`gnac` ldaozn`bd

Hoco boqudls @KKOYGO

Hoco vngdls [K@CINO [DLU@ @KKOYGO

[khdc` ngd`bd gdbb` kolkdznold propost` g` L`t`bnlo Nrtn

Nrtn gdskrnvd nb p`ssàano g`b prnco `b sdkolgo `rkhdtnpo `ltropoboanko kocd ul` sort` gn ‒ldkdssntí stornk`– gdtdrcn-l`t` g`bb„utnbnzzo gdbb` tdkloboan` ldbb` koculnk`znold5 kosâ kocd g`bb„hoco boqudls sn p`ss` `bb„hoco vngdls, `bbo stdssocogo k`cin` b` cog`bntí gn koltr`tt`znold, g`bb„`kkorgo `bbo sk`cino.

]dr `pprojolgnrd qudst` tdsn è utnbd bo skhdc` khd sdaud.

> L@W@BNLO NYWN, [k`cin sdlz` `kkorgn , nl «Ynvnst` Wrncdstr`bd gn Gnrntto d ]rokdgur` Knvnbd¶ BNN, l. 9 (0>>8)6 Ng, «È vdro, c`…¶ (Ydpbnk`` Anorano Oppo), nl «Ynvnst` gn gnrntto knvnbd¶ XBZ, l. 9 (0>>>)

0= ANOYANO O]]O, Gnsuc`lnzz`znold gdb koltr`tto?, nl «Ynvnst` gn gnrntto knvnbd¶ XBNZ, l. 4 (0>>8)







]`r`gnac` Cog`bntí ldaozn`bd Gdskrnznold

HOCO BOPTDL[

«uoco khd,koloskdlgo bd kosd drdlgdlgobd prdsdltn ldbgn`boao, rnkorrd bs`pdrd kobbdttnvo gdbb`bnlau`¶

@KKOYGO (0) Ldaozno anurngnko‒orgnl`rno– (`rtt. 0;90 ss. KK)(ds5 `kqunsto gn nccoinbd)

- «ul uoco goc`lg`6 ul `btro uoco rnspolgd¶- ‒p`rob`– nltds` kocd gn`boao tr` bd p`rtn5 «g`b gnrd d g`bb„`skobt`rd¶- ‒kolsdlso– kocd `ttnvntí gn`boank` gn tnpo bnlaunstnko5 «bo sk`cino gn v`borndkolocnkn è nlsndcd sk`cino gn v`bor bnlaunstnkn ¶- Inb`tdr`bntí ldbb` jorc`znold gdbb„`kkorgo5 nb r`pporto tr` bd p`rtn è progottogdbb` «rdknprokntí gn`boank`¶- b` bnlau` nltds` kocd «tdklnk` gdb koculnk`rd d gdb kocprdlgdrd, lol èg` lon gocnl`t`, c` pnuttosto kn gocnl`5 lol è g` lon us`t` pdr pdls`rd,c` pnuttosto pdls` pdr lon ¶- ‒gnl`cnkntí– gdn ‒anokhn bnlaunstnkn– - NL[TJJNKNDLU@ gdb cdzzo5 b` bnlau` è ulo strucdlto nldjjnkndltd rnspdtto`bbd dsnadlzd gdn tr`jjnkn.

(9) @gdsnold `b koltr`ttoprdgnsposto(`rtt. 0;70 d 0;79 KK)

- n cogubn khd koltdlaolo ‒kolgnznoln adldr`bn– rnspolgolo `bb„dsnadlz` gndjjnkndlz` ldabn `jj`rn anurngnkn, pdrkhî solo5 «tdklnkhd koljorc`trnkn gdbr`pporto¶- b` prdgnsposnznold gdb tdsto ldaozn`bd r`pprdsdlt` nb tdlt`tnvo gn ul` p`rtdgn ncporrd bd kolgnznoln `bb„`btr`5 «b` p`rtd, khd `gott` cogubn d jorcub`rn,rnjnut` d lda` nb gn`boao V…S j` ul„ulnk` goc`lg` d `ttdlgd ul„ulnk`rnspost`¶- b` prdgnsposnznold dbncnl` b„nldjjnkndlz` ‛ d n rnskhn ‛ gdb ‒gn`boao–, c`«nlùaur` nb gdkbnlo gdbb„hoco boqudls, d gnssobvd nb gn`boao ldbb` so bntugnldgn gud gdknsnoln nlgnvngu`bn ¶.- ‒p`ssnvntí– g` p`rtd gdb soaadtto `gdrdltd d ‒st`tnkntí– gdb tdsto ar`jnko - NL[TJJNKNDLU@ gdb cdzzo5 b` qu`ltntí gn r`pportn anurngnkn rdlgd nlutnbd bostrucdlto bnlaunstnko nl qu`lto t`bd5 «tr`skds` o rnjnut`t` b` bnlau` ‛ knoè nbsnstdc` gn snciobn khd, ldb boro snalnjnk`rd rdlgolo prdsdltn bd kosd `ssdltn ‛ rnc`ld b` jnsnkntí stdss` gdbbd kosd¶

HOCO ZNGDL[

«uoco khd pdrkdpnskd,kol b„nccdgn`tdzz`gdbb„okkhno, b` jnaur`stdss` gdbbd kosd¶

[K@CINO[DLU@@KKOYGO

(;) ‒kdltro koccdrkn`bd–«cà`zznln d kdltrnkoccdrkn`bn solo c`kkhnldkhd a`r`ltnskolo b` suprdcùlnvokntí d b„`ssobut`k`bkobìnbntí¶

- N r`pportn anurngnkn h`llo kocd rdjdrdltd5 «b„nccdgn`tdzz` sdlsorn`bd gdbb`jnaur` suidltr` bb` cdgn`znold gdbb` p`rob`¶.- «bd kosd lol solo pnþ s`putd, knoè gdposnt`td d kustogntd ldbb` koculdgot`znold bnlaunstnk`, c`, `ppulto, vdgutd ldbb` boro snlaob`rd d kolkrdt`jnsnkntí¶.- «b` p`rob` ojjrd, b` kos` sn ojjrd5 b` p`rob` dvok` b„`ssdltd, b` kos` è prdsdltd6 b` p`rob` khndgd gn dssdrd k`pnt`, b` kos` gn dssdrd rnkdvut` ldbb` pdrkdznold vnsnv`¶- `b ‒gn`boao bnlaunstnko– sn sostntunskd b` kocinl`znold gn gud adstn ulnb`tdr`bngn k`r`ttdrd ‒rd`bd–5 dsposnznold (vdlgntord) / prdjdrdlz` (`kqunrdltd) -< @LWOLNO KNKT (0>=0)5 nlgànld suabn ‒ùtocn ldb gnrntto prov`to– dpropost` gdb ‒ldaozno utoc`tnko– kol rnjdrncdlto bbd c`kkhnld gngnstrniuznold utoc`tnk` (n`ktus pdkuln`d 3 nccnssnold gn coldt`) kocdkoltr`tto gn k`r`ttdrd rd`bd, khd sn pdrjdznol` kol b` kolsdal` gdbb„oaadtto(b` kocpr`vdlgnt` è ul koltr`tto kolsdlsu`bd ldb lostro orgnl`cdlto, qunlgnsn pdrjdznol` kol nb sdcpbnkd kolsdlso!).- b„‒`kkorgo– ‛ nltdso kocd ‒rdknproko ànrd bnlaunstnko– tr` bd p`rtn ‛ vndldsostntunto g`bbo ‒sk`cino– kocd kocinl`znold gn adstn ulnb`tdr`bn kolldssnulnk`cdltd g`b j`tto gn dssdrd rnjdrntn `b cdgdsnco oaadtto- qudstn r`pportn gn sk`cino ‛ pdr b` boro l`tur` nltrnlsdk` ‛ rnkhndgolo b`

kostntuznold gn `pposntn sp`zn5 lol sn tr`tt` sobt`lto gn ul koltdsto ‒jnsnko–, c`gn ulo sp`zno ‒`str`tto– ‛ nl ul kdrto sdlso ‒tr`skdlgdlt`bd– d qunlgn ‒boanko–

‛ ldb qu`bd poss`lo kostntunrsn bd rdtn gn r`pportn tr` oaadttn5 «ul` sp`zn`bntíjulznol`bd pdr bo sk`cino¶.- NL[TJJNKNDLU@5 b` jnsnkntí gdabn oaadttn rnkhndgd oaan gn dssdrd supdr`t`

g`bbd tdkloboand gn koculnk`znold ` gnst`lz`.(7) Nltdrldt‒sk`cino tdbdc`tnko–

- «b` p`rob` rnkhndgd gn dssdrd k`pnt` V…S b„nccànld `ttdlgd ul puro `tto gnrnkdznold, an`kkhî dss` sn ojjrd qu`bd è, sdlz` `bkul` cdgn`znold gnk`r`ttdrd tdordtnko¶- «ldn ar`lgn cà`zznln d ldn kdltrn koccdrkn`bn skdabn`co kosd prdsdltn6ldbbd tdbdvdlgntd, skdabn`co nccànln gn kosd `ssdltn ¶- n adstn ulnb`tdr`bn (dsposnznold / prdjdrdlz`) lol sn rnjdrnskolo `bbd ‒kosd–c` `bbd ‒nccànln–5 «lol pnþ b„uoco, khd v` vdrso o prdsso bd kosd6 c` bdkosd, khd jdrc`td nl nccànln, v`llo vdrso b„uoco¶- GNJJDYDLU@ rnspdtto `n tr`gnznol`bn c`ss cdgn`5 b„nccànld tdbdvnsnv` è«pdrkdpnt` g`bb„dstdrlo¶ cdltrd qudbb` ‒tdbdc`tnk`– «dsnad b„nlardsso ldbproprno ulnvdrso¶ g` p`rtd gdbb„utdltd, nb qu`bd nlsndcd `bbd jnaurd trov` tdstod p`robd5 «rntorlo `bb` p`rob`, vnst` pnþ khd ugnt`¶, ossn` «bnlau` loltdordtnk`, lol port`trnkd gn s`pdrd stornko, c` pur`cdltd gdsnal`tnv` dgnljorc`tnv`¶, qunlgn ‒prokdgur`– - bo sk`cino gnvdlt` ‒nltdr`znold–5 «b„nltdrànrd tdbdc`tnko è V…S ul ‒ànrd– tr`

gud, d lol ul ‒pdls`rd–5 rdknprokntí gn ul j`rd, lol gn ul ‒boaos– ¶- nb ‒knidrsp`zno– ‛ koltdsto ldb qu`bd b„utdltd ‒dltr`– ‛ lol è `jj`tto ul buoao‒jnsnko– ‛ kocd nb ‒kdltro koccdrkn`bd– c` è sobt`lto ul buoao ‒vnrtu`bd–5«ulo str`to gn r`pportn sopr` b` rd`btí¶.







Nl snltdsn, b` jdlocdloboan` gdskrntt` è b` sdaudltd5(0) `kkorgo -<

(9) koltr`tto prdgnsposto -<(;) dsposnznold / prdjdrdlz` -<(7) ‒sk`cino tdbdc`tnko– (cdgn`ltd snto wdi)

G`b cocdlto khd bo sk`cino kostntunskd koltr`tto sdlz` kolsdlso ‛ nl qu`lto `ppulto c`lk` b„`kkorgo tr` bd p`rtn ‛ ld kolsdaud khd lol vn è pnþ ul` tutdb` gdn koltr`dltn, c` b„ulnk` jorc` gn protdznold anurngnk` è rnvobt` gnrdtt`cdltd `bbdqu`bntí gdbbd kosd (nl djjdttn ldbb` tutdb` gdb kolsuc`tord sn p`rb` gn ‒koljorcntí– gdb idld `kqunst`to), d qunlgn `bb` koljor-cntí ‛ nl sdlso jorc`bnstnko ‛ gdbbo ‒sk`cino– rnspdtto `bb„«orgnld anurngnko gdb cdrk`to¶.

Knù snalnjnk`, sdkolgo Nrtn, khd è nl `tto ul p`ssàano dpok`bd ldb qu`bd sn kocpnd b` vnttorn` gdbb` tdklnk`5 «Bd tdklnkhdo tdkloboand lol solo sdrvn oiidgndltn, c` p`groln gnspotnkn5 tr`skorrdrd g`bb` p`rob` gn`boank` `b jorcub`rno, d g` qudsto`bb` kos` dg `bb'nccànld gdbb` kos`, snalnjnk` dltr`rd, gn vobt` nl vobt`, ldbb` boank` proprn` gn ul snstdc`, khd, nl qu`bkhdcogo, pdls` pdr lon 6 dg orndlt` d koljorc` n lostrn r`pportn. B` storn` gdb koltr`tto lol puù sdp`r`rsn g`bb` storn` gdbbdtdkloboand, cdgn`ltd bd qu`bn sn gdtdrcnl`lo n r`pportn gn sk`cino¶. ]nþ gn gndkn `lln gopo, knoè oaan, qudst` `jjdrc`znold`ssucd ul sdlso `lkor` pnþ proibdc`tnko.

@ qudst` kolkdznold Anorano Oppo cuovd ul` sdrnd gn oindznoln, khd è gn dstrdco nltdrdssd kolsngdr`rd pdrkhî lolrnau`rg`lo sobt`lto gnvdrsd tdsn gdbb` gottrnl` anusknvnbnstnk`, c` rn jbdttolo ul` gnvdrs` posnznold tdordtnk` d nlgukolo b„nl-snald knvnbnst` ` skhndr`rsn koltro Nrtn, b` kun tdsn «gdst` p`rtnkob`rd nltdrdssd, c` `lkhd (`bcdlo nl cd) qu`bkhd `pprdl-snold¶.

Oppo sottobnld` (skrnvdlgo g` anurnst`) khd `lkhd sd knù khd gdskrnvd Nrtn korrnspolgd `bb` rd`btí gdn j`ttn, knù lolsnalnjnk` rnlulkn`rd `g ul` «rd`znold ` gnjds` gn qudb khd `v`lz` gdb ‒sdltncdlto vnaoroso gdbb„nlgnvnguo– d gdbb` su`‒ngdltntí stornk`– ¶

]`r`gnac` Cog`bntí ldaozn`bd

HOCO BOPTDL[ @KKOYGO @lkhd qun nb gn`boao puù c`lk`rd (dsdcpno5 `kkdtt`znold pdr kolgott` kolkbugdltd, `rt.0;91 KK), qunlgn lol puù dssdrd prdso `g dbdcdlto dssdlzn`bd gn qudstn ubtncn.

- «`lkhd ldbb„`gdrnrd k„è ul kolkorg`rd¶, ldb sdlso khd b` cog`bntí pr`tnk` gn kolkbusnoldgdb koltr`tto lol dskbugd b` inb`tdr`bntí gdbb„`kkorgo. - «b„`gdsnold lol è ulo ‒st`rd `tt`kk`tn– c` ul ‒`lg`rd nlkoltro– ¶

HOCO ZNGDL[ [K@CINO [DLU@@KKOYGO

- @b jolg`cdlto gdabn ‒sk`cin– k„è koculqud ul` qu`bkhd voboltí gn kostntunrd ul r`pportoanurngnko, qunlgn b` rnguznold gdn kolt`ttn tr` bd p`rtn `g ul` cut` nltdr`znold adstu`bd(dsposnznold / prdjdrdlz`) lol dskbugd ldkdss`rn`cdltd b„nlkoltro gdbbd voboltí d qunlgn nbgn`boao.- sn tr`tt` nl jolgo gn kolgottd kolkbugdltn g` dltr`cid bd p`rtn, khd dsprncolo nl cogoulnvoko b` boro voboltí-< GNJJDYDLU@5 ldb supdrcdrk`to tr` nb ‒prdbndvo– gn ul b`gro d qudbbo gn ul `kqunrdltd, b`gnjjdrdlz` è ldbb` voboltí (`ltnanurngnk` ldb prnco k`so, ldaozn`bd ldb sdkolgo).- `lkhd nb koltr`tto ‛ nl jolgo ‛ è `b kocinl`znold gn `ttn ulnb`tdr`bn (propost` d`kkdtt`znold solo gnkhn`r`znoln ulnb`tdr`bn)- sd kn sn bncnt`ssd ` kolsngdr`rd bo ‒sk`cino– b„nltdr`znold gn gud `ttn ulnb`tdr`bn khd

rnc`laolo t`bn, lol sn potrdiidro tr`rld ncport`ltn nlgnk`znoln (nb cocdlto d b` kolkbusnoldgdbbo sk`cino, pdr dsdcpno)- rnc`ld nb j`tto khd `lkhd abn sk`cin solo gnsknpbnl`tn sdkolgo bd gnsposnznoln tnpnkhd gdbgnrntto knvnbd d qunlgn solo soaadttd ` t`bn rdqunsntn (kolsdlso, k`p`kntí gdbbd p`rtn).

Kolkbusnold gn Oppo (knt`lgo @bidrto Wrìukkhn)5 «nb koltr`tto kolsdrv` pur sdcprd nb suo snalnjnk`to, d b` sob` npotdsngn ul` su` skocp`rs` g`n jolg`cdlt`bn r`pportn gdbb` vnt` `ssokn`t` `vrdiid nb snalnjnk`to gn rnlulkn` ` kolsngdr`rd b`bnidrtí `bb` i`sd gdn r`pportn uc`ln ¶.

Nl qudsto sdlso, dvngdltdcdltd, sn rnc`ld `bb„nltdrlo gdb p`r`gnac` nlgnvngu`bnstnko, d sn nltdlgd `ranl`rd b` gdrnv`lnkhnbnstnk` gdbb„`llubb`cdlto gdb soaadtto.

Ydpbnk` gn L`t`bnlo Nrtn (nl c`ssnc` snltdsn)5(0) «b` krntnk` cuovd g` ulo sjolgo, khd gnrdn dcoznol`bd-ngdoboanko¶5 nb anurnst` gdskrnvd n jdlocdln, sdlz` v`bu-

t`rbn, kocd spdtt`tord6





< ]`lor`c` gn gnrntto posntnvo5 ‒koculnk`znold–, ‒ldaozn`znold– d ‒koltr`tto gnst`lz`– (kdlln) <

Wdsto gnspolninbd su bnkdlz` Krd`tnvd Koccols - http5//krd`tnvdkoccols.ora/bnkdlsds/iy-lk-lg/9.4/gddg.nt > / 9;

(9) B` gdjnlnznold gn ‒`kkorgo– us`t` g` Oppo è gnvdrs` g` qudbb` us`t` ldbb` tdsn gdbbo ‒sk`cino sdlz` `kkorgo–5nb prnco è ul nlkoltro gn voboltí, nb sdkolgo è puro `tto bnlaunstnko.

(;) Ldb ‒supdrcdrk`to–, prnc` vdrsnold ‒jnsnk`– gdabn ‒sk`cin sdlz` `kkorgo–, b` gnjjdrdlz` tr` nb prdbndvo gdbb„`kqun-rdltd d qudbbo gdb b`gro lol sn vdgd ldbb„`tto cdgdsnco, c` g` ulo sau`rgo kocpbdssnvo subb` kolgott`5 nb prncop`a`, nb sdkolgo lo, d sn tr`tt` gn gud adstn ubtdrnorn.

(7) Abn «sk`cin sdlz` `kkorgo¶ r`pprdsdlt`lo b„`ttu`bd p`r`gnac` gdb k`pnt`bnsco aboi`bnzz`to (khd, nl qu`lto

progotto gdbb„`ttu`bd sokndtí, govrdiid dssdrd `kkobto), ossn` nb «lnkhnbnsco anurngnko¶6 (4) Nb cdrk`to, nl qu`lto t`bd, è nb rnsubt`to gdabn sk`cin d progukd gn pdr sî b„‒orgnld anurngnko– khd ld kostntunskd nbkoltdsto.

Ossdrv`znoln5(0) Nrtn h` r`anold5 b` gnjjdrdlz` tr` b` su` posnznold d qudbb` gn Oppo è gn prnlknpno, tdordtnk`. ]dr Nrtn nb anurnst`

gdvd gdskrnvdrd, pdr Oppo è khn`c`to `lkhd ` v`but`rd6(9) Nrtn h` torto5 b` su` lol è ul` vdr` d proprn` gdskrnznold, c` è `lkh„dss` ul` v`but`znold, gulqud `lkh„dabn

h` gdn ‒prdsuppostn dcoznol`bn–, o cdabno, ngdoboankn6 (;) Nrtn h` torto (`b gn bí gdb cdrnto gdbb` su` vnsnold) pdrkhî khndgd `b bdttord gn kolgnvngdrd b` vnsnold ‒tdklokr`tnk`–

sdlz` cotnv`rd t`bd prdtds` sd lol nl i`sd `g ul` ‒ldkdssntí stornk`– r`pprdsdlt`t` g` ul` ‒jdlocdloboan`–

khd prdtdlgd gn ncporsn sdlz` ojjrnrd `btrn `raocdltn.

]ossn`co gdbnld`rd, subb` i`sd gdbbd v`but`znoln kocpnutd, ul `pprokkno `b proibdc` khd tdla` kolto sâ gdbb` lovntígdb cdzzo, c` `lkhd gdbb` ‒pdrc`ldlz`– gdb gnrntto ldbbd sud strutturd kostntutnvd.

Nl sost`lz`, sn rntndld khd b` tdkloboan` lol ‒cutn– b` l`tur` uc`l`, lî nb gnrntto kocd t`bd, c` j`kkn` dcdradrd nl cogopnþ p`bdsd `bkuld qudstnoln khd sn rntdldv`lo drrold`cdltd supdr`td kol b„`vvdlto gdb r`znol`bnsco.

7.- ]`lor`c` gn gnrntto posntnvo5 ‒koculnk`znold–, ‒ldaozn`znold– d ‒koltr`tto ` gnst`lz`– (kdlln)

]onkhî sn p`rtd g`bb` ‒koculnk`znold–, ossn` g` ul` struttur` boank` jolg`t` su ul r`pporto inulnvoko, okkorrd kocpndrdul` gnstnlznold prdbncnl`rd pdr saocir`rd nb k`cpo g` dqunvokn.

7.0.- Gnstnlznoln prdbncnl`rn5 ngdltnjnk`znold gdbb` k`tdaorn` kolsngdr`t`

Nl qudst` sdgd sn kolsngdr` spdknj nk`cdltd b` k`tdaorn` anurngnk` khd rnau`rg` b` ‒koculnk`znold– d khd kolkdrld b`kostntuznold gn `kkorgn.

Gn kolsdaudlz` okkorrd dskbugdrd jorcd gnvdrsd gn nltdr`znold d nstntutn anurngnkn gn l`tur` gnjjdrdltd.

7.0.0.- C`lk`lz` gn koljorcntí `bb` struttur` «0-<0¶

Insoal` dskbugdrd g`bb` kolsngdr`znold bkuln nstntutn anurngnkn5(0) ‒koculnk`znold procoznol`bd–, nltds` adldrnk`cdltd kocd ‒puiibnkntí–, prnv` gn ul` prdknsnold sujjnkndltd `g

`ssucdrd rnbndvo kol rnjdrncdlto `bbo spdknjnko gdstnl`t`rno. (9) procdss` `b puiibnko, pdrkhî5

`. h` ul` struttur` «0 -< cobtn¶, nlj`ttn sn rnvobad ‒`b puiibnko– i. lol h` kocd skopo qudbbo gn kostntunrd ul kkorgo (inb`tdr`bd), c` (nlj`ttn) gn vnlkob`rd nl cogo ulnb`tdr`bd

@rtnkobo 0>8> ]rocdss` `b puiibnko.VNS. Kobun khd, rnvobadlgosn `b puiibnko, procdttd ul` prdst`znold ` j`vord gn khn sn trovn nl

ul` gdtdrcnl`t` sntu`znold o kocpn` ul` gdtdrcnl`t` `znold, è vnlkob`to g`bb` procdss`lol `ppdl` qudst` è rds` puiibnk` V9190S.

VNNS. [d `bb` procdss` lol è `pposto ul tdrcnld, o qudsto lol rnsubt` g`bb` l`tur` o g`bboskopo gdbb` cdgdsnc`, nb vnlkobo gdb procnttdltd kdss`, qu`bor` dltro b'`llo g`bb` procdss`

lol abn sn` st`to koculnk`to b'`vvdr`cdlto gdbb` sntu`znold o nb kocpncdlto gdbb'`znold prdvn-st` ldbb` procdss`.






Wdsto gnspolninbd su bnkdlz` Krd`tnvd Koccols - http5//krd`tnvdkoccols.ora/bnkdlsds/iy-lk-lg/9.4/gddg.nt 0= / 9;

(;) ojjdrt` `b puiibnko, pdrkhî h` ul` struttur` «0 -< cobtn¶, nlj`ttn sn rnvobad ‒`b puiibnko–

@rtnkobo 0;;: Ojjdrt` `b puiibnko.VNS. B'ojjdrt` `b puiibnko, qu`lgo koltndld abn dstrdcn dssdlzn`bn gdb koltr`tto `bb` kun kol-

kbusnold è gnrdtt`, v`bd kocd propost`, s`bvo khd rnsubtn gnvdrs`cdltd g`bbd knrkost`lzd ogàbn usn.

VNNS. B` rdvok` gdbb'ojjdrt`, sd è j`tt` ldbb` stdss` jorc` gdbb'ojjdrt` o nl jorc` dqunpob-

bdltd, è djjnk`kd `lkhd nl koljrolto gn khn lol ld h` `vuto lotnzn`.

7.0.9.- Nlsujjnkndltd gdjnlnznold gdabn dbdcdltn

(7) nlvnto ` ojjrnrd5 sn tr`tt` gn ul` jnaur` ‒prdbncnl`rd– `bb` koltr`tt`znold vdr` d proprn`. Nl c`ssnc` snltdsn, sn tr`tt` gn ul` ‒propost`– c`lk`ltd gn sujjnkndltd gdtdrcnl`znold.

7.9.- B` jorc`znold gdb kolsdlso5 propost` d `kkdtt`znold

[n rnport`lo bd lorcd gdb Kognkd Knvnbd, pdr kocogntí.

@rtnkobo 0;94 Nlgnk`znold gdn rdqunsntn.VNS. N rdqunsntn gdb koltr`tto solo50) b'`kkorgo gdbbd p`rtn V0;9: ss.S69) b` kùs` V0;7; ss., 08>4S6;) b'oaadtto V0;7: ss.S67) b` jorc`, qu`lgo rnsubt` khd è prdskrntt` g`bb` bdaad sotto pdl` gn lubbntí V0;4= ss.S.

@rtnkobo 0;9: Kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto.VNS. Nb koltr`tto è kolkbuso ldb cocdlto nl kun khn h` j`tto b` propost` h` koloskdlz`

gdbb'`kkdtt`znold gdbb'`btr` p`rtd V0;;4S.VNNS. B'`kkdtt`znold gdvd anuladrd `b propoldltd ldb tdrcnld g` bun stìnbnto o nl qudbbo

orgnl`rn`cdltd ldkdss`rno sdkolgo b` l`tur` gdbb'`jj`rd o sdkolgo abn usn V0;989S.

VNNNS. Nb propoldltd puù rntdldrd djjnk`kd b'`kkdtt`znold t`rgnv`, purkhî ld gn` nccdgn`t`-cdltd `vvnso `bb'`btr` p`rtd V0014S.VNZS. Pu`bor` nb propoldltd rnkhndg` pdr b'`kkdtt`znold ul` jorc` gdtdrcnl`t` V0;49S, b'`k-

kdtt`znold lol h` djjdtto sd è g`t` nl jorc` gnvdrs`.VZS. Tl'`kkdtt`znold lol koljorcd `bb` propost` dqunv`bd ` luov` propost`.

@rtnkobo 0;91 Dsdkuznold prnc` gdbb` rnspost` gdbb'`kkdtt`ltd.VNS. Pu`bor`, su rnkhndst` gdb propoldltd o pdr b` l`tur` gdbb'`jj`rd o sdkolgo abn usn, b`

prdst`znold gdii` dsdaunrsn sdlz` ul` prdvdltnv` rnspost`, nb koltr`tto è kolkbuso ldb tdcpod ldb buoao nl kun h` `vuto nlnzno b'dsdkuznold.

VNNS. B'`kkdtt`ltd gdvd g`rd prolt`cdltd `vvnso `bb'`btr` p`rtd gdbb'nlnzn`t` dsdkuznoldV0014S d, nl c`lk`lz`, è tdluto `b rns`rkncdlto gdb g`llo.

@rtnkobo 0;;4 ]rdsulznold gn koloskdlz`.VNS. B` propost`, b'`kkdtt`znold V0;9:S, b` boro rdvok` V0;98S d oaln `btr` gnkhn`r`znold

gnrdtt` ` ul` gdtdrcnl`t` pdrsol` sn rdput`lo kolosknutd ldb cocdlto nl kun anulaolo `bb'nl-gnrnzzo gdb gdstnl`t`rno, sd qudstn lol prov` gn dssdrd st`to, sdlz` su` kobp`, ldbb'ncpossnin-bntí gn `vdrld lotnzn`.

Kn solo gnvdrsn projnbn cdrntdvobn gn kolsngdr`znold.

Nl p`rtnkob`rd5(0) «prdsulznold gn koloskdlz`¶5 knù v`bd pdr dltr`cid bd gnkhn`r`znoln gdbbd p`rtn6(9) Cocdlto gn kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto5 qu`lgo b„`kkdtt`znold `rrnv` `b propoldltd (o qu`lgo nlnzn` b„dsdkuznold)6

(;) Buoao gn kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto (ncpbnknto), khd rnbdv` nl p`rtnkob`rd pdr5`. bdaad `ppbnkìnbd `b r`pporto anurngnko6i. joro anugnzn`rno kocpdtdltd pdr tdrrntorno ` anugnk`rd bd (dvdltu`bn) koltrovdrsnd nlsortd tr` bd p`rtn.


http://qlink%28%27http//polu/codici/codici_showdocFTC_Q.asp?estr=CCXA1326%27,%20true,%20%27%27)









7.;.- Nb koltr`tto –` gnst`lz`–5 bd qudstnoln prnlknp`bn

B„dbdcdlto spdknjnk`ltd è g`to g`bb` knrkost`lz` khd bd p`rtn solo jnsnk`cdltd gnst`ltn. Knù pdrcdttd gn gnstnlaudrd pnþkhn`r`cdltd qu`ttro cocdltn khd `btrncdltn tdlgolo ` konlkngdrd.

Nl ul kdrto sdlso, sn puù gnrd khd nb koltr`tto nltdr pr`dsdltds è ul k`so p`rtnkob`rd gdbb` gnsknpbnl` kognknstnk`.È kocd sd nb kognkd jossd st`to skrntto ‒pdls`lgo– ` ul koltr`tto ` ‒gnst`lz`–, o cdabno, `g ul` koculnk`znold ‒`snl-

krol`–.

Cocdlto Dvdlto ]roibdcn gdbb„dcnttdltd ]roibdcn gdb gdstnl`t`rno

(0) Nb propoldltd nlvn` b` su`gnkhn`r`znold

Govd spdgnrd b` propost`?

(9) B` koltrop`rtd rnkdvd b`propost`

- Pu`lgo `b rnkdvdltd è anult` b` propost`?

- Khn rnkdvd b` propost` è djjdttnv`cdltd kobun

`b qu`bd dr` nlgnrnzz`t`?

- Nb cdssàano rnkdvuto è koljorcd ` qudbbonlvn`to?

- Nb cdssàano rnkdvuto è g`vvdro ncputìnbd`b cnttdltd?

(;)

Nb rnkdvdltd (oib`to) nlvn`b„`kkdtt`znold (o koculnk` b„`vvdlut`dsdkuznold)

Govd spdgnrd b„`kkdtt`znold?

(7) Nb propoldltd rnkdvdb„`kkdtt`znold

- Nb cdssàano rnkdvuto è koljorcd ` qudbbonlvn`to?

- nb cdssàano rnkdvuto è g`vvdro ncputìnbd`bb„`kkdtt`ltd?

- Pu`lgo nb propoldltd h` rnkdvutob„`kkdtt`znold?

- Govd sn è kolkbuso nb koltr`tto?

- Khn rnkdvdrí b„`kkdtt`znold s`rí nl djjdttn nbpropoldltd?

N proibdcn rnbdv`ltn solo sost`lzn`bcdltd n sdaudltn5(0) (prdsupposto) qu`bnjnk`znold gdbbd gnkhn`r`znoln5

`. b` gnkhn`r`znold gdb propoldltd è nl djjdttn ul` propost` (è sujjnkndltdcdltd gdjnlnt`)?i. B` gnkhn`r`znold gdb rnkdvdltd è ‒koljorcd– ` qudbb` gdb propoldltd?

(9) Ngdltntí ‒`làr`jnk – gdbbd p`rtn (vdrgd)6

(;) Koljorcntí tr` n cdssàan spdgntn d rnkdvutn (an`bbo)6(7) Cocdlto gn rnkdznold gdbbd koculnk`znoln d gdbb` kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto (juksn`).(4) Buoao gn rnkdvncdlto gdbbd koculnk`znoln d gdbb` kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto (`zzurro).

7.;.0.- Ngdltntí gdbbd p`rtn d koljorcntí gdbbd gnkhn`r`znoln (rnlvno)

]dr n proibdcn (0) (vdrgd) d (9) (an`bbo), sn rnlvn` `bbd bdznoln sukkdssnvd, nl tdc` gn «gokucdlto nljorc`tnko¶ d «jnrc`dbdttrolnk`¶.

7.;.9.- Nb cocdlto (d nb buoao) gn kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto ‒` gnst`lz`–5 b„‒nlgnrnzzo–

È nltdrdss`ltd lot`rd khd b` lorc` lol rnport` dsprdss`cdltd nb buoao gn kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto, c` sobt`lto nbcocdlto.

Kocd sd bd gud kosd ‛ tdcpo d sp`zno ‛ jossdro nltrnlsdk`cdltd kolldssd.È nltdrdss`ltd lot`rd `lkhd khd nl rd`btí kn possolo dssdrd gud npotdsn, gnpdlgdltn g`bb` kolgott` gdbb„oib`to5

(0) b„oib`to ‒spdgnskd– b„`kkdtt`znold5 nb koltr`tto sn kolkbugd ngd`bcdltd ‒prdsso– nb propoldltd6 (9) b„oib`to nlnzn` `g dsdaunrd b` su` oiibna`znold5 nb koltr`tto sn kolkbugd «ldb tdcpo d ldb buoao¶ nl kun nlnzn`

b„dsdkuznold (qunlgn, nl ul kdrto sdlso, ‒prdsso– b„oib`to cdgdsnco).







Or`, okkorrd khndgdrsn kos` snalnjnk` nl qudst` sdgd5 ‒prdsso– nb propoldltd o b„oib`to. È gn dstrdco nltdrdssd skorrdrd b` anurnsprugdlz` sub tdc`.

]dr `bkuln nb proibdc` sn rngukd `g ul ‒inb`lkn`cdlto– gn oldrn proi`torn, sdlz` nlgnk`rd ul` loznold gn ‒nlgnrnzzo–5

Kortd `ppdbbo Kàbn`rn, 1 càano 0>>1 Nl tdc` gn gnkhn`r`znoln rdkdttnznd, sub gnkhn`r`ltd nlkocid b'oldrd gn prov`rd nb j`tto khd b` gnkhn`r`-

znold sn` anult` bb'nlgnrnzzo gdb gdstnl`t`rno. @ssobto t`bd oldrd, spdtt` `b gdstnl`t`rno prov`rd gn ds-sdrd st`to ldbb'ncpossninbntí gn `vdrd koloskdlz` gdbb` gnkhn`r`znold stdss` nl qu`lto b` cnssnv`rnkdvut` `vdv` koltdluto gnvdrso rnspdtto ` qudbbo `ssdrnto g`b gnkhn`r`ltd (ldb k`so gdknso nb gnkhn`-r`ltd `jjdrc`v` gn `vdrd spdgnto, nl ul ulnko pbnko r`kkoc`lg`to, gud koculnk`znoln, dg nb gdstnl`t`rno`jjdrc`v` gn `vdrd, nlvdkd, rnkdvuto ul pbnko khd ld koltdldv` sobo ul`).

K`ss`znold knvnbd sdz. N, 01 c`rzo 0>>4, l. ;=>> B'`rt. 0;;4 k.k., ldb kobbda`rd b` prdsulznold gn koloskdlz` gdbbd gnkhn`r`znoln rdkdttnznd `b j`tto

khd dssd anula`lo `bb'nlgnrnzzo gdb gdstnl`t`rno, lol gdtt` `bkul` gnsknpbnl` kn rk` nb cdzzo gn tr`scns-snold, snkkhî - lol dssdlgo ldkdss`rno khd b` koculnk`znold `vvdla` nl ul` gdtdrcnl`t` jorc`, lè,t`lto cdlo, nl ul` gdbbd jorcd prdvnstd g`b sdrvnzno post`bd - lol solo npotnzzìnbn kolgnznoln pnþ o

cdlo rnaorosd pdrkhî sn vdrnjnkhn b'djjdtto anurngnko gdbb` prdsulznold gn koloskdlz`, ` sdkolg`gdbb'ncpndao gn ulo o gn `btro cdzzo d, nl p`rtnkob`rd, gdbb'uso gn ul` o gn `btr` gdbbd jorcd prdvnstd g`bsdrvnzno post`bd stdsso (bdttdr` r`kkoc`lg`t`, bdttdr` sdcpbnkd, dkk.), gdrnv` khd, `jjnlkhî b'`kkdtt`-znold gn ul` propost` koltr`ttu`bd koculnk`t` pdr cdzzo gn bdttdr` r`kkoc`lg`t` `b propoldltd poss`rntdldrsn kolosknut` g`b cdgdsnco (kol kolsdaudltd kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto), lol okkorrd khd nbcnttdltd provn b` rnkdznold gdbb` r`kkoc`lg`t` nl qudstnold g` p`rtd gdb gdstnl`t`rno o gn pdrsol` ùto-rnzz`t` ` rnkdvdrb` `n sdlsn gdbb'`rt. ;1 gdb rdaob`cdlto gn dsdkuznold gdb kognkd post`bd (r.g. 08 `prnbd0>7= l. :8>), idlsâ è sujjnkndltd khd dabn gncostrn b'`vvdluto rdk`pnto gdb pbnko bb'nlgnrnzzo gdbgdstnl`t`rno, s`bv` pdr qudst'ubtnco b` possninbntí (dx `rt. 0;;4 knt`to) gn prov`rd gn lol vdrd `vutolotnzn , sdlz` su` kobp`, gn gdtt` `kkdtt`znold.

Nl ul k`so, pdrsnlo, sn rdlgd nb kolkdtto gn nlgnrnzzo pdrjdtt`cdltd ‒vuoto–, j`kdlgo cdro rnkhn`co `bb` ‒lorc`–5

K`ss`znold knvnbd sdz. b`v., 00 `prnbd 0>>=, l. ;=:0 «Nb prnlknpno stìnbnto g`bb'`rt. 0;;4 k.k., sd-kolgo kun oaln gnkhn`r`znold gnrdtt` `g ul` gdtdrcnl`t` pdrsol` sn rdput` kolosknut` `b cocdlto nl kunanulad `bb'nlgnrnzzo gdb gdstnl`t`rno, opdr` pdr nb sobo j`tto oaadttnvo gdbb'`rrnvo gdbb` gnkhn`r`znoldstdss` ldb buoao nlgnk`to g`bb` lorc`, nlgnpdlgdltdcdltd g`b cdzzo gn tr`scnssnold `gopdr`to dg`bb'ossdrv`lz` gdbbd gnsposnznoln gdb kognkd post`bd pdr bd bdttdrd r`kkoc`lg`td6 cdltrd nlkocid `bgdstnl`t`rno b'oldrd gn supdr`rd t`bd prdsulznold gn koloskdlz`, prov`lgo gn dssdrsn trov`to, sdlz`proprn` kobp`, ldbb'ncpossninbntí gn `kqunsnrd b` koloskdlz` cdgdsnc`, ` kur` gn ul dvdlto dkkdznol`bddg dstr`ldo `bb` su` voboltí, qu`bd, jr` abn `btrn, b` jorz`t` bolt`l`lz` nl buoao lol kolosknuto d lolràanulaninbd¶.

Nl `btrd sdltdlzd sn tdlt` gn nlgnvngu`rd n k`r`ttdrn dssdlzn`bn gdbb` loznold5

K`ss`znold knvnbd sdz. NNN, > sdttdcird 0>18, l. 7=8; Pu`bulqud rdk`pnto gn bun khd, nl rànold gn ul kobbda`cdlto orgnl`rno o gn ul` lorc`bd jrdqudlzò gn ul` prdvdltnv` nlgnk`znold o p`ttunznold rndltrn ldbb` su` sjdr` gn gocnlno d gn koltrobbo.

K`ss`znold knvnbd sdz. b`v., 94 buabno 0>81, l. :710 Ldb buoao khd, pdr kobbda`cdlto orgnl`rno (gncor` o gocnknbno) o pdr lorc`bd jrdqudlz` (pdr b'dspbn-

k`znold gdbb'`ttnvntí b`vor`tnv`) o pdr ul` prdvdltnv` nlgnk`znold o p`ttunznold, rnsubtn nl kolkrdto ldbb`sjdr` gn gocnlno d koltrobbo gdb gdstnl`t`rno stdsso, sâ g` `pp`rnrd ngoldo ` kolsdltnrabn b` rnkdznoldgdbb'`tto d b` koalnznold gdb rdb`tnvo koltdluto.

K`ss`znold knvnbd sdz. N, 09 ottoird 0>>0, l. 0=140 Ldb buoao pnþ ngoldo pdr b` rnkdznold, o nl i`sd `g ul krntdrno gn kobbda`cdlto orgnl`rno (gncor` o

gocnknbno), o gn lorc`bd jrdqudlz` (buoao gn dspbnk`znold gn ul'`ttnvntí b`vor`tnv`).






Wdsto gnspolninbd su bnkdlz` Krd`tnvd Koccols - http5//krd`tnvdkoccols.ora/bnkdlsds/iy-lk-lg/9.4/gddg.nt 0; / 9;

K`ss`znold knvnbd sdz. b`v., ;= c`rzo 0>>9, l. ;>=8 Buoao rnsubt`ltd, nl kolkrdto, ldbb` sjdr` gn gocnlno d koltrobbo gdb gdstnl`t`rno cdgdsnco.

K`ss`znold knvnbd sdz. N, 9= ottoird 0>>>, l. 00141 B'oldrd gn prov`rd b'`vvdluto rdk`pnto `bb'nlgnrnzzo gdb gdstnl`t`rno ar`v` sub cnttdltd, nb qu`bd puù

`vv`bdrsn gn qu`bsn`sn cdzzo gn prov`, d qunlgn `lkhd gn prdsulznoln, `b jnld gn prov`rd b'nlvno gdbb'`tto nlul buoao khd pdr kobbda`cdlto orgnl`rno o lorc`bd jrdqudlz` o prdvdltnv` nlgnk`znold pp`r-

tdla` bb` sjdr` gn gocnlno o koltrobbo gdb gdstnl`t`rno.

K`ss`znold knvnbd sdz. N, 9: `prnbd 0>>>, l. 707= Nb buoao khd pdr kobbda`cdlto orgnl`rno o pdr lorc`bd jrdqudlz` o pdr prdvdltnv` nlgnk`znold o

p`ttunznold, rnsubtn nl kolkrdto ldbb` sjdr` gn gocnlno d koltrobbo gdb gdstnl`t`rno stdsso, sâ g` `pp`rnrdngoldo ` kolsdltnrabn b` rnkdznold gdbb'`tto d b` koalnznold gdb suo koltdluto.

Nl snltdsn ‛ tdc`tnzz`lgo b` anurnsprugdlz` nlgnk`t` ‛ pdr ‒nlgnrnzzo– sn puù nltdlgdrd5 (0) Buoao gn rdk`pnto kobbda`to `b gdstnl`t`rno6(9) Nl i`sd krntdrn btdrl`tnvn5

`. kobbda`cdlto orgnl`rno (gncor` / gocnknbno)6

i. lorc`bd jrdqudlt`znold (sdgd b`vor`tnv`)6k. prdvdltnv` nlgnk`znold o p`ttunznold (ds5 dbdznold gn gocnknbno).

(;) Kolkrdt`cdltd ldbb` sjdr` gn gocnlno o koltrobbo gdb gdstnl`t`rno6(7) Ngoldo ` rnkdvdrd nb cdss`aano d ` koabndrld nb koltdluto.

]drt`lto ‛ `bb` bukd gdbb` prospdttnv` `ttu`bd ‛ kol ‒nlgnrnzzo– sn nlgnk` b` ‒sjdr` nljorc`tnv`– soaadtt` `b koltrobbo gdbgdstnl`t`rno.

Ynportn`co nb gnskorso `bb„dspdrndlz` koltdcpor`ld` (d `bb` pbur`b ntí gn sjdrd nljorc`tnvd pnþ o cdlo soaadttd `b lostrokoltrobbo)5 b` gdjnlnznold gdn suon koltorln puù lol dssdrd kosâ sdcpbnkd dg nccdgn`t`.

[n rnpdlsn `bb` r`jjnaur`znold gdbb` ‒[okndtí gdbb„Nljorc`znold– kocd nlsndcd gn ‒iobbd nljorc`tnvd–.

Jnaur` 75 Y`pprdsdlt`znold gdbb` "sokndtí gdbb'Nljorc`znold" 00

00 B@TYDLW ID[B@^, Gnant`b Wdrrntory5 Iuiibds, nl «Duropd`l Znsnols jor thd Flowbdgad @ad.¶ (9==1)







7.;.;.- Pudstnoln ubtdrnorn gdb koltr`tto ‒` gnst`lz`–

Okkorrd `bcdlo `kkdll`rd ` gud qudstnoln nldrdltn `b r`pporto tr` b` gnst`lz` tr` bd p`rtn d nb kolkdtto gn ‒nlgnrnzzo–,prnc` gn prokdgdrd5

(0) b` gnst`lz` d b` ‒v`rnìnbd tdkloboank`– B` tdkloboan` kostntunskd ul nlguiino j`ttord gn ‒gnsorndlt`cdlto– pdr b` anurnsprugdlz`, kocd prov` qudst` c`ssnc`.

K`ss`znold knvnbd sdz. NN, 07 buabno 9==>, l. 0:7015Ldn koltr`ttn kolkbusn pdr tdbdjolo, buoao gdbb` kolkbusnold è qudbbo nl kun b'`kkdtt`znold anulad `

koloskdlz` gdb propoldltd dg nl kun qudstn, `ttr`vdrso nb jnbo tdbdjolnko, h` nccdgn`t` d gnrdtt` kolo-skdlz` gdbb'`kkdtt`znold

Pudst` sdltdlz` è gnskutninbd pdr gnvdrsn cotnvn5(0) lol `ppbnk` nb kolkdtto gn ‒nlgnrnzzo–, c` bo svuot` gn koltdluto, kolsngdr`lgo t`bd nb buoao okkup`to g`b propo-

ldltd ‛ `lkhd pdr `kkngdltd, `lkhd tdcpor`ld`cdltd ‛ ldb cocdlto nl kun rnkdvd b„`kkdtt`znold (nl qudsto

cogo, oaln buoao gnvdlt` ‒nlgnrnzzo–!)6(9) `gott` ul krntdrno khd lol è ‒tdkloboank`cdltd ldutro–, pdrkhî sn `ppbnk` `bbd kolldssnoln vn` k`vo d lol `

qudbbd coinbn.Nlsocc`5 govd sn kolkbugd b„`kkorgo stnpub`to kol ul propoldltd khd p`rb` `b tdbdjolo kdbbub`rd? D sd p`rb` `b tdbdjolo ‒k`ccnl`lgo–?

D sd nb rnkdvdltd vnàan` nl trdlo? D nl `drdo?

(9) b` ‒gnst`lz`– d b` jorz` koltr`ttu`bd5 ‒koltr`ttn prdgnspostn– d kolsuc`torn

Nb buoao gdb koltr`tto è nl qu`lto t`bd ul dbdcdlto cobto gdbnk`to gdb r`pporto ldaozn`bd.Bd p`rtn tdlgolo ` spost`rbo ` proprno v`ltàano.

Ldb koltr`tto pdr jorcub`rn, gdvd dssdr `pprov`t` pdr nskrntto b` gdjnlnznold kolvdlznol`bd gdb buoao.

@rtnkobo 9= K]K Joro j`kobt`tnvo pdr bd kùsd rdb`tnvd ` gnrnttn gn oiibna`znold.VNS. ]dr bd kùsd rdb`tnvd ` gnrnttn gn oiibna`znold V001; ss., 0089 k.k.S è `lkhd kocpdtdltd nb anugnkd

gdb buoao nl kun è sort` o gdvd dsdaunrsn b'oiibna`znold gdgott` nl anugnzno V0906 0089, 0;9:, 0;91 k.k.S.

@rtnkobo 0;70 KK Kolgnznoln adldr`bn gn koltr`tto. V0:1>S VNS. Bd kolgnznoln adldr`bn gn koltr`tto prdgnspostd g` ulo gdn koltr`dltn solo djjnk`kn ldn koljroltn

gdbb'`btro, sd `b cocdlto gdbb` kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto qudstn bd h` kolosknutd o `vrdiid govuto ko-loskdrbd us`lgo b'orgnl`rn` gnbnadlz` V0;1=, 07:>-ins ss.S.

VNNS. Nl oaln k`so lol h`llo djjdtto, sd lol solo spdknjnk`cdltd `pprov`td pdr nskrntto, bd kolgnznolnkhd stìnbnskolo, ` j`vord gn kobun khd bd h` prdgnspostd, bncnt`znoln gn rdspolsìnbntí V099>S, j`kobtí gnrdkdgdrd g`b koltr`tto V0;1;S o gn sospdlgdrld b'dsdkuznold V07:0S, ovvdro s`lknskolo ` k`rnko gdbb'`b-tro koltr`dltd gdk`gdlzd V9>:7 ss.S, bncnt`znoln `bb` j`kobtí gn opporrd dkkdznoln V07:9S, rdstrnznoln `bb`bnidrtí koltr`ttu`bd ldn r`pportn kon tdrzn V0;1>S, t`knt` proroa` o rnllov`znold gdb koltr`tto, kbùsobdkocprocnssornd V8=8 k.p.k.S o gdroahd `bb` kocpdtdlz` gdbb'ùtorntí anugnzn`rn` V: k.p.k.S.




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< Nb ‒koltr`tto tdbdc`tnko–5 ‒koccdrkno dbdttrolnko– d ‒post` dbdttrolnk`– <


@ knù b` bdaad ‛ gn gdrnv`znold koculnt`rn` ‛ h` nltdso jorlnrd ul rncdgno.

@rt. ;; G. Bas. 9=:/9==409 0. Ldb koltr`tto kolkbuso tr` nb kolsuc`tord dg nb projdssnolnst` sn kolsngdr`lo vdss`tornd bd kbù-

sobd khd, c`bar`go b` iuol` jdgd, gdtdrcnl`lo ` k`rnko gdb kolsuc`tord ul snalnjnk`tnvo squnbnirno gdngnrnttn d gdabn oiibnahn gdrnv`ltn g`b koltr`tto.

9. [n prdsucolo vdss`tornd jnlo ` prov` koltr`rn` bd kbùsobd khd h`llo pdr oaadtto, o pdr djjdtto,gn5

V…Su) stìnbnrd kocd sdgd gdb joro kocpdtdltd subbd koltrovdrsnd bok`bntí gnvdrs` g` qudbb` gn rdsn-

gdlz` o gocnknbno dbdttnvo gdb kolsuc`tord

@rt. ;: Lubbntí gn protdznold0. Bd kbùsobd kolsngdr`td vdss`tornd `n sdlsn gdabn `rtnkobn ;; d ;7 solo lubbd cdltrd nb koltr`tto

rnc`ld v`bngo pdr nb rdsto.V…S ;. B` lubbntí opdr` sobt`lto ` v`ltàano gdb kolsuc`tord d puù dssdrd rnbdv`t` g'ujjnkno g`b anugnkd.7. Nb vdlgntord h` gnrntto gn rdardsso ldn koljroltn gdb jorlntord pdr n g`lln khd h` suinto nl kolsd-

audlz` gdbb` gdkb`r`torn` gn lubbntí gdbbd kbùsobd gnkhn`r`td ìusnvd.4. È lubb` oaln kbùsob` koltr`ttu`bd khd, prdvdgdlgo b'`ppbnkìnbntí `b koltr`tto gn ul` bdansb`znold

gn ul ]`dsd dxtr`koculnt`rno, ìin` b'djjdtto gn prnv`rd nb kolsuc`tord gdbb` protdznold `ssnkur`t` g`b

prdsdltd tntobo , b`ggovd nb koltr`tto prdsdltn ul kobbda`cdlto pnþ strdtto kol nb tdrrntorno gn ulo [t`tocdciro gdbb'Tlnold duropd`.

Nl c`ssnc` snltdsn, nb kolsuc`tord lol puù dssdrd prnv`to gdb joro b` kun kocpdtdlz` è gdtdrcnl`t` subb` i`sd gdbb`su` rdsngdlz`, lî gdbb` protdznold khd abn è kolkdss` g`bb` bdansb`znold koculnt`rn`.

4.- Nb ‒koltr`tto tdbdc`tnko–5 ‒koccdrkno dbdttrolnko– d ‒post` dbdttrolnk`–

Gdtdrcnl`to kocd sn jorc` nb koltr`tto cdgn`ltd post` dbdttrolnk`, okkorrd `bb`ra`rd bo sau`rgo `b koltdsto ldb qu`bdsn kobbok` t`bd tnpo gn `kkorgo.

Nl djjdttn, b` koltr`tt`znold ` gnst`lz` è rdaob`t` g` ul nlsndcd gn gnsposnznoln spdknjnkhd khd vdlaolo nlgnk`td `ppulto

kocd nldrdltn `b ‒koltr`tto tdbdc`tnko–. ]dr nlqu`gr`rd nb ‒koltr`tto tdbdc`tnko– okkorrd gulqud5

(0) gdjnlnrld b` loznold6(9) nlgnvngu`rd n rdqunsntn gdbb` koltr`tt`znold `bb` bukd gdbb` gnsknpbnl` gdb ‒koccdrkno dbdttrolnko–, gdbb` qu`bd sn jorln-

skolo `bkuln kdlln6(;) vdrnjnk`rd kocd b` koltr`tt`znold tdbdc`tnk` `vvndld utnbnzz`lgo b` tdkloboan` gdbb` gdbb` post` dbdttrolnk` (b` pnþ

koculd jorc` gn koculnk`znold 0-<0).

4.0.- (*) Nl vn` prdbncnl`rd, projnbn anurngnkn gdbbd tr`gnznol`bn koculnk`znoln `snlkrold 0-<0 (kdlln)

4.0.0.- Nb tdbdar`cc`

Nb tdbdar`cc` è ulo strucdlto nltdrdss`ltd pdrkhî b` su` kolsdal` ‛ o gdtt`tur` tdbdjolnk` ‛ dqunv`bd `bb` sottoskrn-znold (`rt. 91=4 KK). Nl t`b cogo ul„`znold kocpbdt`cdltd adstu`bd h` bo stdsso v`bord gn ul` dsprdssnold vdri`bd (`lkhdsd skrntt`). B„ossdrv`znold s`rí utnbd ldb prosndauo.

K`ss`znold knvnbd sdz. b`v., > lovdcird 9==:, l. 9;889@n sdlsn gdbb'`rt. 91=4 k.k., `n jnln gdbb` djjnk`kn` gdb tdbdar`cc`, è sujjnkndltd khd b'ornanl`bd sn`

kolsdal`to o j`tto kolsdal`rd g`b cnttdltd, `lkhd sdlz` khd qudstn bo sottoskrnv`, snkkhî b'utnbnzz`- znold gdb sdrvnzno tdbdjolnko, prdvnst` g`b kognkd post`bd, kolsdltd `b cnttdltd, ùtord gdbb` koculn-k`znold, gn ottdldrd, sn` purd kol b` kobbìor`znold gn tdrzn, nb rdk`pnto gdb proprno cdssàano `bb'ujjnknotdbdar`jnko. Wutt`vn`, ovd sora` koltdst`znold knrk` b` rnjdrninbntí gdb tdbdar`cc` `b cnttdltd, qudstn h` b`j`kobtí d b'oldrd gn prov`rd, kol oaln cdzzo gn prov`, khd b'`jjng`cdlto `bb'ujjnkno nlk`rnk`to gn tr`scdt-tdrbo è `vvdluto ` su` opdr` o su su` nlnzn`tnv`.

09 G. Bas. : sdttdcird 9==4 l.9=:, Kognkd gdb kolsuco, ` lorc` gdbb '`rtnkobo 1 gdbb` bdaad 9> buabno 9==;, l. 99> (nl [uppb.orgnl`rnol. 0:9 `bb` A`zz.Tjj., 8 ottoird, l. 9;4).


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Wdsto gnspolninbd su bnkdlz` Krd`tnvd Koccols - http5//krd`tnvdkoccols.ora/bnkdlsds/iy-lk-lg/9.4/gddg.nt 0: / 9;

4.0.9.- Nb j`x

Nb j`x ‛ `b gn bí gn gnsposnznoln gn p`rtnkob`rd j`vord gdtt`td g`bb„dsnadlz` gn sldbbnrd b„`ttnvntí `ccnlnstr tnv` ‛ è nl jolgoul` rnproguznold gdbb` qu`bd nb snstdc` stdsso gn julznol`cdlto a`r`ltnskd b` koljorcntí tr` ornanl`bd d kopn`.

@rtnkobo 9109 Ynproguznoln cdkk`lnkhd.VNS. Bd rnproguznoln jotoar`jnkhd, nljorc`tnkhd0; o knldc`toar`jnkhd, bd rdanstr`znoln jolo-

ar`jnkhd d, nl adldrd, oaln `btr` r`pprdsdlt`znold cdkk`lnk` gn j`ttn d gn kosd jorc`lopndl` prov` gdn j`ttn d gdbbd kosd r`pprdsdlt`td , sd kobun koltro nb qu`bd solo progottd lolld gnskoloskd b` koljorcntí `n j`ttn o `bbd kosd cdgdsncd V9:0 k.p.k.S.

@rt.7; @kqunsnznold gnrdtt` gn gokucdltn07 V..S5kocc` : N gokucdltn tr`scdssn g` khnulqud `g ul` puiibnk` `ccnlnstr`znold tr`-

cntd j`x, o kol `btro cdzzo tdbdc`tnko o nljorc`tnko ngoldo `g `kkdrt`rld b` joltd gn pro-vdlndlz`, soggnsj`lo nb rdqunsnto gdbb` jorc` skrntt` d b` boro tr`scnssnold lol gdvd ds-sdrd sdaunt` g` qudbb` gdb gokucdlto ornanl`bd.

Kolsnabno [t`to, sdz. Z, 08 àosto 9=0=, l. 4874 Nl jorz` gdbb'`rt. 7;, kocc` :, g.].Y. 9= gnkdcird 9=== l. 774, ul j`x nlvn`to `g ul`

]uiibnk` `ccnlnstr`znold gdvd prdsucdrsn anulto `b gdstnl`t`rno qu`lgo nb r`pporto gn tr`-scnssnold nlgnk` khd qudst` è `vvdlut` rdaob`rcdltd, sdlz` khd kobun khd h` nlvn`to nb cds-sàano gdii` jorlnrd `bkul` ubtdrnord prov`.

Wrniul`bd Wornlo sdz. NZ, 91 c`rzo 9==1 B` koculnk`znold ` cdzzo j`x - dssdlgo `ttu`t` cdgn`ltd b'utnbnzzo gn ul snstdc` khd

kolsdltd gn gokucdlt`rd sn` b` p`rtdlz` khd b` rnkdznold gdb cdssàano kol nb k.g. r`pportogn tr`scnssnold - è strucdlto ngoldo ` a`r`ltnrd kol sujjnkndltd kdrtdzz` b'djjdttnvntí gdbb`koculnk`znold stdss` (ldbb` spdknd, `n jnln gdbb` nltdrruznold gdbb` prdskrnznold), sdlz` khdkobun khd h` nlvn`to nb cdssàano gdii` jorlnrd prov` ubtdrnord qu`lgo nb r`pporto gn tr`scns-

snold nlgnkhn khd qudst` è `vvdlut` rdaob`rcdltd, nlkocidlgo, nlvdkd, b` prov` koltr`rn` `khn `jjdrc` b` c`lk`t` rnkdznold pdr b` lol julznol`bntí gdbb'`pp`rdkkhno rnkdvdltd o pdr `btrdrànoln.

Wrniul`bd Yoc` sdz. XNN, ;0 ottoird 9==; Nb j`x lol jorlnskd b` kdrtdzz` `ssobut` gdbb` g`t` d gdbb'or` nl kun nb cdssàano è st`to

rnkdvuto g`b gdstnl`t`rno6 t`bd strucdlto, pdrt`lto, lol puù dssdrd utnbnzz`to pdr nlobtr`rd`bb'`ssnkur`tord gdbb` r.k.`. b` rnkhndst` skrntt` gn rns`rkncdlto, dx `rt. 99 b. 97 gnkdcird 0>:>l. >>=.

4.9.- Gdjnlnznold gn ‒koltr`tto tdbdc`tnko–

Ldb r`pporto tr` b„ùtolocn` prnv`t` d b„nljorc`tnk` okkorrd gnstnlaudrd5 (0) Koltr`ttn g oaadtto nljorc`tnko o koltr`ttn g„„nljorc`tnk`5 b„oaadtto gdbb„`kkorgo rnau`rg` b„nljorc`tnk`, nl gnvdrsncogn5

`. Jorlntur` gn h`rgw`rd6 i. Ttnbnzz`znold gn sojtw`rd6

k. [drvnzn gn `ssnstdlz` nljorc`tnk`6 (9) Koltr`ttn ` kolkbusnold nljorc`tnk` (o tdbdc`tnk`)5 b„nljorc`tnk` rnau`rg` b` cog`bntí kol kun nb koltr`tto è kol-

kbuso.

0; B` p`rob` «nljorc`tnkhd¶ è st`t` nlsdrnt` g`bb'`rt. 9; g.bas. 1 c`rzo 9==4, l. 89, d sukkdssnv`cdltd rni`gnt` g`bb'`rt. 0:, g.bas. ;=

gnkdcird 9=0=, l. 9;4, khd h` cognjnk`to b'`rt. 9; gdb g.bas. l. 89 gdb 9==4, d h` nltrogotto b'`rt. 9; qu`tdr.07 G.].Y. 98 gnkdcird 9===, l. 774, Wdsto ulnko gdbbd gnsposnznoln bdansb`tnvd d rdaob`cdlt`rn nl c`tdrn` gn gokucdlt`znold `ccnln-str`tnv` (Wdsto @),







Nl qudst` sdkolg` k`tdaorn` v`llo nlsdrntn `ppulto n «koltr`ttn tdbdc`tnkn¶.[n puù gnstnlaudrd ubtdrnorcdltd ` sdkolg` khd b` kolkbusnold o b„dsdkuznold gdb koltr`tto `vvdla`lo juorn Ydtd (ojj

bnld) oppurd gur`ltd b„`kkdsso `bb` Ydtd. Gn j`tto, ul koltr`tto puù dssdrd gnvdrs`cdltd koljnaur`to ` sdkolg` gdb suo r`pporto kol b` tdbdc`tnk`5

Kolkbusnold

OJJ BNLD OL BNLD

Dsdkuznold04 OJJ BNLD Koltr`tto orgnl`rno k.g. ‒koccdrkno dbdttrolnko nlgnrdtto–

OL BNLD Koltr`tto orgnl`rno `g oaadtto nljorc`tnko k.g. ‒koccdrkno dbdttrolnko gnrdtto–0:

Kocd sn vdgd, ldbb` sdkolg` koboll` sn nltrogukd nb kolkdtto gn ‒koccdrkno dbdttrolnko–.

Nl rd`btí, kn solo gnvdrsn cogdbbn gn koccdrkno dbdttrolnko ` sdkolg` gdn soaadttn konlvobtn.

@krolnco [nalnjnk`to [pnda`znold

I9I iusnldss to iusnldss Koccdrkno dbdttrolnko tr` ncprdsdI9K iusnldss to kustocdr Jorlntur` gn idln d sdrvnzn g` p`rtd gn ncprdsd `n kolsuc`torn

I9Aiusnldss to aovdrlcdlt -<nl Nt`bn` I9]@ Nlsndcd gn sdrvnzn d prdst`znoln nltdrkorrdltn tr` kntt`gnln, ncprdsd d ]uiibnk` `ccnlnstr`znold

(NL][, @adlzn` Dltr`td) khd j`llo p`rtd gdb p`r`gnac` gn d-aovdrlcdlt K9A

kntnzdl to aovdrcdlt -< nlNt`bn` K9]@

A9A‒aovdrlcdlt toaovdrlcdlt–

Nltdar`znold tr` gnvdrsd puiibnkhd `ccnlnstr`znoln

K9K kustocdr to kustocdr Nltdr`znoln dkolocnkhd tr` prnv`tn (dsdcpno5 `std ol bnld)

4.;.- B` jorc`znold gdbb„`kkorgo tdbdc`tnko cdgn`ltd post` dbdttrolnk`

Nlgnvngu`tn abn nstntutn pnþ rnbdv`ltn d g`to ulo sau`rgo `bb` tdkloboan`, è utnbd ` qudsto pulto `pprojolgnrd nl khd tdrcnln`vvndld b` kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto cdgn`ltd post` dbdttrolnk`.

N proibdcn rnbdv`ltn nlgnvngu`tn bb„nlnzno gdbb` tr`tt`znold dr`lo5

(0) «prdsulznold gn koloskdlz`¶ dg ‒nlgnrnzzo–6 (9) Cocdlto gn kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto5 qu`lgo b„`kkdtt`znold `rrnv` `b propoldltd (o qu`lgo nlnzn` b„dsdkuznold)6 (;) Buoao gn kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto (ncpbnknto)5

`. ‒nlgnrnzzo– gdb propoldltd `b cocdlto gdbb` rnkdznold gdbb„`kkdtt`znold i. Buoao gn nlnzno gdbb„dsdkuznold g` p`rtd gdbb„`kkdtt`ltd.

(7) B` jorc` gdbb„`kkorgo. Okkorrd svobadrd kn`skulo gn dssn kol rnjdrncdlto `bb` post` dbdttrolnk`.

4.;.0.- B` «prdsulznold gn koloskdlz`¶ d b„‒nlgnrnzzo–

B„nlgnrnzzo, ìin`co vnsto, prdsknlgd g`b buoao jnsnko ldb qu`bd nb soaadtto sn trov` tdcpor`ld`cdltd, ldb sdlso khdb„nlgnrnzzo ‛ dssdlzn`bcdltd ‛ vndld stìnbnto d pdrgur` ldb tdcpo, cdltrd b` pdrsol` jnsnk` ‛ pdr su` l`tur` - sn spost`.

B„nlgnrnzzo è ul buoao nl kun sn c`ltdlaolo `bkuln djjdttn gdbb` prdsdlz` gdbb` pdrsol` `lkhd nl su` c`lk`lz`.

Tlo gdn prnlknpn gdbb„utnbnzzo gdn snstdcn nljorc`tnkn è qudbbo gdbb` ùto-rdspolsìnbntí.

04 Ldbb„dsdkuznold gdb koltr`tto rndltr` lol sobt`lto b` ‒prdst`znold k`r`ttdrnstnk`– ‛ qudbb` gdb vdlgntord, pdr nltdlgdrsn ‛ c` `lkhd nbpà`cdlto. Gn kolsdaudlz`, sn h` vdro d proprno ‒koccdrkno dbdttrolnko– qu`lgo `lkhd nb pà`cdlto `vvndld kol cog`bntí dbdttro-

lnk`.0: @bb„nltdrlo gn qudst` k`tdaorn` okkorrd gnstnlaudrd ` sdkolg` khd nb r`pporto `vvdla` su rdtn ‒khnusd– o su rdtn ‒`pdrtd–. ]d r nb prncok`so sn kolsngdrn pdr dsdcpno b„D.G.N. (Dbdktrolnk G`t` Nltdrkh`lad) tr` abn nstntutn gn krdgnto, khd sn sk`cin`lo n jbussn jnl`lzn`rn nl ulknrkunto protdtto d rnsdrv`to. Ldbb` sdkolg` npotdsn nlvdkd sn rnkocprdlgd nb tr`jjnko koccdrkn`bd su Nltdrldt.






Wdsto gnspolninbd su bnkdlz` Krd`tnvd Koccols - http5//krd`tnvdkoccols.ora/bnkdlsds/iy-lk-lg/9.4/gddg.nt 0> / 9;

;) n koltr`ttn khd kostntunskolo b` koculnold V00== ss.S gn gnrnttn nlgnk`tn g`n lucdrn prdkdgdltn67) n koltr`ttn khd kostntunskolo o cognjnk`lo bd sdrvntþ prdgn`bn V0=91 ss.S, nb gnrntto gn uso su idln

nccoinbn d nb gnrntto gn ìnt`znold V0=90 ss.S64) abn `ttn gn rnlulzn` `n gnrnttn nlgnk`tn g`n lucdrn prdkdgdltn6:) n koltr`ttn gn `jjr`lk`znold gdb jolgo dljntdutnko V>10S61) n koltr`ttn gn `ltnkrdsn V0>:= ss.S68) n koltr`ttn gn bok`znold V0410S gn idln nccoinbn pdr ul` gur`t` supdrnord ` lovd `lln (0)6>) n koltr`ttn gn sokndtí V9971 ss.S o gn `ssokn`znold V94>7 ss.S kol n qu`bn sn koljdrnskd nb aogncdlto

gn idln nccoinbn o gn `btrn gnrnttn rd`bn nccoinbn`rn pdr ul tdcpo dkkdgdltd n lovd `lln o pdr ul tdcponlgdtdrcnl`to60=) abn `ttn khd kostntunskolo rdlgntd pdrpdtud V08:0 ss.S o vnt`bnznd V0819 ss.S, s`bvd bd gnsposnznoln

rdb`tnvd `bbd rdlgntd gdbbo [t`to V0810S (9)600) abn `ttn gn gnvnsnold gn idln nccoinbn d gn `btrn gnrnttn rd`bn nccoinbn`rn609) bd tr`ls`znoln V0>:4 ss.S khd h`llo pdr oaadtto koltrovdrsnd rdb`tnvd `n r`pportn anurngnkn cdl-

znol`tn ldn lucdrn prdkdgdltn6;) abn `btrn `ttn spdkn`bcdltd nlgnk`tn g`bb` bdaad V07, 71, 0:9, 787, 40>, :=0 ss., 189, 0;>9, 07=;,

04=;;, 047;0, 0>180, 9=>:, 9;98, 94=7, 9:=;, 9890, 981>, 98896 8=1, 8=8 k.p.k.6 9;1, 97>, ;98, 4:4,849, 841, 0=91 k. l`v.S.

]urtroppo b` rnspost` lol è kosâ sdcpbnkd.Okkorrd rnlvn`rd b` sobuznold gdb proibdc` `bb` bdznold nl cdrnto ` ‒gokucdlto nljorc`tnko– d ‒jnrc` dbdttrolnk`–.

4.7.- Pu`gro lorc`tnvo spdknjnko pdr n «koltr`ttn tdbdc`tnkn¶5 nb ‒koccdrkno dbdttrolnko–

Nb qu`gro lorc`tnvo pdr n koltr`ttn tdbdc`tnkn è kocposto dssdlzn`bcdltd g` gud gnsknpbnld5

(0) G. Bas. 1=/9==;, @ttu`znold gdbb` gnrdttnv` 9===/;0/KD rdb`tnv` ` t`buln `spdttn anurngnkn gdn sdrvnzn gdbb` sokndtígdbb'nljorc`znold ldb cdrk`to nltdrlo, kol p`rtnkob`rd rnjdrncdlto `b koccdrkno dbdttrolnko.

Nl qudst` sdgd lol rnbdv` tutt` b` lorc`tnv`, c` cdrnt`lo gn dssdrd rnkorg`tn nl p`rtnkob`rd5

@rt.1 (Nljorc`znoln adldr`bn oiibna`tornd)0. Nb prdst`tord, nl àanult` àbn oiibnahn nljorc`tnvn prdvnstn pdr spdknjnkn idln d sdrvnzn, gdvd rdlgdrd

j`knbcdltd `kkdssninbn, nl cogo gnrdtto d pdrc`ldltd, `n gdstnl`t`rn gdb sdrvnzno d `bbd @utorntí kocpd-tdltn bd sdaudltn nljorc`znoln5

`) nb locd, b` gdlocnl`znold o b` rànold sokn`bd6i) nb gocnknbno o b` sdgd bda`bd6k) abn dstrdcn khd pdrcdttolo gn kolt`tt`rd r`png`cdltd nb prdst`tord d gn koculnk`rd gnrdtt`cdltd

dg djjnk`kdcdltd kol bo stdsso, kocprdso b'nlgnrnzzo gn post` dbdttrolnk`6g) nb lucdro gn nskrnznold `b rdpdrtorno gdbbd `ttnvntí dkolocnkhd, YD@, o `b rdanstro gdbbd ncprdsd6d) abn dbdcdltn gn nlgnvngu`znold, lolkhî abn dstrdcn gdbb` kocpdtdltd ùtorntí gn vnanb`lz` qu`bor`

ul' `ttnvntí sn` soaadtt` ` kolkdssnold, bnkdlz` og ùtornzz`znold6j) pdr qu`lto rnau`rg` bd projdssnoln rdaob`cdlt`td50) B'orgnld projdssnol`bd o nstntuznold `l`boa`, prdsso kun nb prdst`tord sn` nskrntto d nb lucdro gn

nskrnznold69) nb tntobo projdssnol`bd d bo [t`to cdciro nl kun è st`to rnb`skn`to6;) nb rnjdrncdlto `bbd lorcd projdssnol`bn d àbn dvdltu`bn kognkn gn kolgott` vnadltn ldbbo [t`to cdc-

iro gn stìnbncdlto d bd cog`bntí gn kolsubt`znold gdn cdgdsncn6

a) nb lucdro gdbb` p`rtnt` NZ@ o `btro lucdro gn ngdltnjnk`znold kolsngdr`to dqunv`bdltd ldbbo [t`tocdciro, qu`bor` nb prdst`tord dsdrkntn ul'`ttnvntí soaadtt` `g ncpost`6

h) b'nlgnk`znold nl cogo khn`ro dg nldqunvokìnbd gdn prdzzn d gdbbd t`rnjjd gdn gnvdrsn sdrvnzn gdbb`sokndtí gdbb'nljorc`znold jorlntn, dvngdlzn`lgo sd kocprdlgolo bd ncpostd, n kostn gn kolsdal` dg `btrndbdcdltn àanultnvn g` spdknjnk`rd6

n) b'nlgnk`znold gdbbd `ttnvntí kolsdltntd `b kolsuc`tord d `b gdstnl`t`rno gdb sdrvnzno d abn dstrdcn gdbkoltr`tto qu`bor` ul'`ttnvntí sn` soaadtt` `g ùtornzz`znold o b'oaadtto gdbb` prdst`znold sn` jorlnto subbì`sd gn ul koltr`tto gn bnkdlz` g'uso.

9. Nb prdst`tord gdvd àanorl`rd bd nljorc`znoln gn kun `b kocc` 0.;. B` rdanstr`znold gdbb` tdst`t` dgntorn`bd tdbdc`tnk` è oiibna`torn` dskbusnv`cdltd pdr bd `ttnvntí

pdr bd qu`bn n prdst`torn gdb sdrvnzno nltdlg`lo `vv`bdrsn gdbbd provvngdlzd prdvnstd g`bb` bdaad 1 c`rzo9==0, l. :9.






Wdsto gnspolninbd su bnkdlz` Krd`tnvd Koccols - http5//krd`tnvdkoccols.ora/bnkdlsds/iy-lk-lg/9.4/gddg.nt 9= / 9;

@rt.8 (Oiibnahn gn nljorc`znold pdr b` koculnk`znold koccdrkn`bd)0. Nl àanult` àbn oiibnahn nljorc`tnvn prdvnstn pdr spdknjnkn idln d sdrvnzn, bd koculnk`znoln koccdr-

kn`bn khd kostntunskolo ul sdrvnzno gdbb` sokndtí gdbb'nljorc`znold o ld solo p`rtd nltdar`ltd, gdvolokoltdldrd, snl g`b prnco nlvno, nl cogo khn`ro dg nldqunvokìnbd, ul` spdknjnk` nljorc`tnv`, gnrdtt` `gdvngdlzn`rd 5

`) khd sn tr`tt` gn koculnk`znold koccdrkn`bd6i) b` pdrsol` jnsnk` o anurngnk` pdr kolto gdbb` qu`bd è djjdttu`t` b` koculnk`znold koccdrkn`bd 6

k) khd sn tr`tt` gn ul'ojjdrt` procoznol`bd kocd skoltn, prdcn, o ocàan d bd rdb`tnvd kolgnznoln gn`kkdsso 6

g) khd sn tr`tt` gn kolkorsn o anokhn procoznol`bn, sd kolsdltntn, d bd rdb`tnvd kolgnznoln gn p`rtdknp`-znold.

Pudstn gud `rtnkobn sn `ppbnk`lo `bbd koltr`tt`znoln khd `vvdlaolo cdgn`ltd sntn wdi (kocd sn vdgd g`bb„dspbnknt` dskbu-snold).

@rt.09 (Nljorc`znoln gnrdttd `bb` kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto)0. Obtrd àbn oiibnahn nljorc`tnvn prdvnstn pdr spdknjnkn idln d sdrvnzn, lolkhî ` qudbbn stìnbntn g`bb'`rtn-

kobo ; gdb gdkrdto bdansb`tnvo 99 càano 0>>>, l. 084, nb prdst`tord, s`bvo gnvdrso `kkorgo tr` p`rtn khdlol sn`lo kolsuc`torn, gdvd jorlnrd nl cogo khn`ro, kocprdlsninbd dg nldqunvokìnbd, prnc` gdbb'nlob-tro gdbb'orgnld g` p`rtd gdb gdstnl`t`rno gdb sdrvnzno, bd sdaudltn nljorc`znoln 5

`) bd v`rnd j`sn tdklnkhd g` sdaunrd pdr b` kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto6

i) nb cogo nl kun nb koltr`tto kolkbuso s`rí `rkhnvn`to d bd rdb`tnvd cog`bntí gn `kkdsso6k) n cdzzn tdklnkn cdssn ` gnsposnznold gdb gdstnl`t`rno pdr nlgnvngu`rd d korrdaadrd abn drrorn gn

nlsdrncdlto gdn g`tn6 prnc` gn nlobtr`rd b'orgnld `b prdst`tord6g) abn dvdltu`bn kognkn gn kolgott` kun `gdrnskd d kocd `kkdgdrvn pdr vn` tdbdc`tnk`6d) bd bnlaud ` gnsposnznold pdr kolkbugdrd nb koltr`tto obtrd `bb'nt`bn`lo6j) b'nlgnk`znold gdabn strucdltn gn kocposnznold gdbbd koltrovdrsnd.9. Nb kocc` 0 lol è `ppbnkìnbd `n koltr`ttn kolkbusn dskbusnv`cdltd cdgn`ltd sk`cino gn cdssàan

gn post` dbdttrolnk` o koculnk`znoln nlgnvngu`bn dqunv`bdltn.;. Bd kbùsobd d bd kolgnznoln adldr`bn gdb koltr`tto propostd `b gdstnl`t`rno gdvolo dssdrd cdssd

` su` gnsposnznold nl cogo khd abn sn` kolsdltnt` b` cdcornzz`znold d b` rnproguznold.

Nb G. Ba.s 1=/9==; «sub koccdrkno dbdttrolnko¶ nltrogukd ul oiibnao ‒prdldaozn`bd– ldn koljroltn gdb propoldlt d5 spd-knjnk` nb koltdluto gdbbd nljorc`znoln khd gdvolo dssdrd rdsd `bb„utdltd.

@rt.0; (Nlobtro gdbb'orgnld)

0. Bd lorcd subb` kolkbusnold gdn koltr`ttn sn `ppbnk`lo `lkhd ldn k`sn nl kun nb gdstnl`t`rno gn ulidld o gn ul sdrvnzno gdbb` sokndtí gdbb'nljorc`znold nlobtrn nb proprno orgnld pdr vn` tdbdc`tnk`.

9. [`bvo gnjjdrdltd `kkorgo tr` p`rtn gnvdrsd g`n kolsuc`torn, nb prdst`tord gdvd, sdlz` nlanustnjnk`tornt`rgo d pdr vn` tdbdc`tnk`, `kkus`rd rnkdvut` gdbb'orgnld gdb gdstnl`t`rno koltdldltd ul rndpnboao gdbbdkolgnznoln adldr`bn d p`rtnkob`rn `ppbnkìnbn `b koltr`tto, bd nljorc`znoln rdb`tnvd `bbd k`r`ttdrnstnkhd dssdl-zn`bn gdb idld o gdb sdrvnzno d b'nlgnk`znold gdttàbn`t` gdb prdzzo, gdn cdzzn gn pà`cdlto, gdb rdkdsso,gdn kostn gn kolsdal` d gdn trniutn `ppbnkìnbn.

;. B 'orgnld d b` rnkdvut` sn kolsngdr`lo pdrvdlutn qu`lgo bd p`rtn `bbd qu`bn solo nlgnrnzz`tn h`llo b`possninbntí gn `kkdgdrvn.

7. Bd gnsposnznoln gn kun `n koccn 9 d ; lol sn `ppbnk`lo `n koltr`ttn kolkbusn dskbusnv`cdltd cd-gn`ltd sk`cino gn cdssàan gn post` dbdttrolnk` o koculnk`znoln nlgnvngu`bn dqunv`bdltn .

Nl pr`tnk`, b` lorc`tnv` sub ‒koccdrkno dbdttrolnko– nltrogukd ul oiibnao ubtdrnord rnspdtto ` qudbbo prdvnsto g`b kognkdknvnbd5 nb vdlgntord gdvd «`kkus`rd rnkdvut`¶ gdbb` `kkdtt`znold ‛ qunlgn sukkdssnv`cdltd `bb` kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto ‛ rnport`lgo bd rdb`tnvd kolgnznoln. W`bd oiibnao puù dssdrd gdroa`to g`bbd p`rtn sd ul` gn dssd lol è ul «kolsuc`tord¶6

(9) G. Bas. 9=:/9==4, «Kognkd gdb Kolsuco¶, qu`bor` sn`lo rnspdtt`td gud kolgnznoln5`. Nb propoldltd è ul «projdssnolnst`¶6i. B„`kqunrdltd è ul «kolsuc`tord¶.

Knù snalnjnk` khd ar`l p`rtd gdbbd tutdbd ojjdrtd g`bb` Bdaad `n kolsuc`torn lol sn `ppbnk`lo `n sntn gn ‒`std ol bnld–, n

qu`bn gulqud tdlt`lo gn prdvdgdrd `l`boahd a`r`lznd pdr abn utdltn nl vn` kolvdlznol`bd (joltd koltr`ttu`bd).





< (*) @pprojolgncdltn <


:.- (*) @pprojolgncdltn

:.0.- [ubbd prospdttnvd gdbbd koculnk`znoln dbdttrolnkhd nl Ydtd

]uù dssdrd nltdrdss`ltd sottobnld`rd khd b` koculnk`znold snlkrol` vn` nltdrldt è kolsdltnt` g` gnvdrsn snstdcn.

Jnaur` 45 Dbdlko snstdcn gn Nlst`lt Cdss`lanla (g`5 http5//dl.wnfnpdgn`.ora/wnf n/Nlst`lt_cdssànla)

Ldn pnþ rdkdltn sokn`b ldtworf sn v`llo `jjdrc`lgo `lkhd strucdltn gn koculnk`znold `snlkrol`5 i`stn pdls`rd `J`kdioof. Knù h` port`to `bkuln stugn st`tnstnkn ` kolkbugdrd khd b` post` dbdttrolnk` ‒tr`gnznol`bd– stn` pdr dltr`rd nl ul`j`sd gn gdkbnlo. Pudsto snalnjnk` khd b` prdjdrdlz` gdabn utdltn sn st` spost`lgo vdrso snstdcn ‒proprndt`rn– d protokobbn kh nusn.

Abn st`lg`rg gdbbd c`nb, nlvdkd, sn jolg`lo su YJK d qunlgn solo puiibnkn. [n tr`tt` gn ul jdlocdlo gn kun tdldrd kolto,pdrkhî b„ìi`lgolo gn pn`tt`jorcd ‒`pdrtd– gdtdrcnl` nb rnskhno gn ul` sdacdlt`znold gdbbd koculnk`znoln dbdttrolnkhd nlsnstdcn khd possolo dssdrd nlkocp`tninbn tr` boro.

http5//iboa.lndbsdl.koc/lndbsdlwnrd/aboi b/sokn`b-cdgn`- kkoults-jor-99-pdrkdlt-oj-tncd-olbnld/prnlt/

[okn`b Ldtworfs/Iboas Low @kkoult jor Old nl Dvdry Jour `lg ` H`bj Cnlutds Olbnld, Euld 04, 9=0=

Okkorrd koculqud tdldrd prdsdltd ul` knrkost`lz` ncport`ltd. Pu`lgo sn kocpnb` ul jorc su ul snto wdi, nb cogubornsubt`ltd vndld pon tr`scdsso `b tntob`rd gdbb` pànl` kocd cdssàano gn post` dbdttrolnk`.

Knù snalnjnk` khd koculqud bo strucdlto koltnludrí `g dssdrd utnbnzz`to ldbbo sp`zno vnrtu`bd ‒bnidro–.

]dr ubtdrnorn pprojolgncdltn5

http5//www.jorids.koc/9==4/=1/9>/tddls-dc`nb-hìnts-kx_bg_=19>gnanbnjd_prnlt.htcb

Idanllnla Oj Whd Dlg Oj D-C`nb, Bns` GnK`rbo, =1.9>.=4, :5== @C DW

http5//olbnld.wse.koc/`rtnkbd/[I0===0797=49>1=9=;8=;>=74177;004078>7=8;19.htcb#prnltCogd

Qhy Dc`nb Lo Boladr Yubds…@lg wh`t th`t cd`ls jor thd w`y wd kocculnk`td, Iy ED[[NK@ D. Z@[KDBB@YO,OKWOIDY 09, 9==>

http5//iboa.lndbsdl.koc/lndbsdlwnrd/aboi b/sokn`b-cdgn`- kkoults-jor-99-pdrkdlt-oj-tncd-olbnld/prnlt/ [okn`b Ldtworfs/Iboas Low @kkoult jor Old nl Dvdry Jour `lg ` H`bj Cnlutds Olbnld, Euld 04, 9=0=


http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/global/social-media-accounts-for-22-percent-of-time-online/print/


http://www.forbes.com/2005/07/29/teens-email-habits-cx_ld_0729digilife_print.html


http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203803904574431151489408372.html#printMode











< ]rnlknp`bn rnjdrncdltn <


:.9.- ‒Nltdrldt oj thnlas– ‛ rnlvno

B` prospdttnv` khd b` koltr`tt`znold nl rdtd poss` `vvdlnrd nl cogo ùtoc`tnko `prd ulo skdl`rno ubtdrnord5 b„nltdrldt‒gdbbd kosd– (Nltdrldt oj thnlas, `ppulto).

Pudst` vnsnold è prdsdltd nl `bkuln gokucdltn ujjnkn`bn gdbb„Tlnold Duropd` dg è gnskuss` g` `bkuln ùtordvobn stugnosngn nljorc`tnk` anurngnk`9=.

[ub pulto sn rnlvn` ` ubtdrnorn `pprojolgncdltn, rdb`tnv`cdltd `bb` possninbntí khd ‒àdltn nljorc`tnkn– poss`lo nltdrànrdtr` boro kol djjdttn ldaozn`bn.

1.- ]rnlknp`bn rnjdrncdltn

@`.Zv., @ gnant`b àdlg` jor Duropd, nl. Iruxdbbds, 9=0=.

@`.Zv., Kboug Kocputnla ]uibnk Kolsubt`tnol Ydport 5 Duropd`l Koccnssnol, 9=00.

@B@-CTWF@, FNY[WN, G@ZNG IYO[WDY, YOCNL@ K@KHN@, KB@Y@ KDLWDLO, KB@TGNO JDNEÛO, @BDX@LGY@ H@KHÎ, [WDJ@LO

FBTUDY, [ZDL BNLGC@YF, Q@NLDY BT[OBN, AN@LBTK@ CN[TY@K@, KOYNL@ ]@[KT, ^ZD[ ]TLND d EO[Î @. Z@BZDYGD, Whd ncp`kt oj sokn`b kocputnla ol thd DT nljorc`tnol sokndty `lg dkolocy 5 Eonlt Ydsd`rkh Kdltrd -Nlstntutd jor ]rospdktnvd Wdkhloboank`b [tugnds, 9==>, >18->9-1>-0;80;-;.

@LGDY[OL, E. P. d H. Y@NLND, Whd juturd oj kboug kocputnla 9=0=.

ID[B@^, B@TYDLW, Gnant`b Wdrrntory5 Iuiibds, nl «Duropd`l Znsnols jor thd Flowbdgad @ad.¶ (9==1), pp. 0-00.

IYNAABD, @G@C d K@YB CNWKH@C, Jroc thd ]hnbosophy oj Nljorc`tnol to thd ]hnbosophy oj Nljorc`tnol Kubturd , nl «WhdNljorc`tnol [okndty¶ 94, l. ; (9==>), pp. 0:>-017.

JBOYNGN, BTKN@LO, @ boof nlto thd juturd ncp`kt oj NKW ol our bnvds (prdprnlt), nl «Whd Nljorc`tnol [okndty¶ (9==1), pp. 0-07.

NYWN, L@W@BNLO, [k`cin sdlz` `kkorgn , nl «Ynvnst` Wrncdstr`bd gn Gnrntto d ]rokdgur` Knvnbd¶ BNN, l. 9 (0>>8), pp. ;71-;:7.

---, «È vdro, c`…¶ (Ydpbnk` ` Anorano Oppo), nl «Ynvnst` gn gnrntto knvnbd¶ XBZ, l. 9 (0>>>), pp. 91;-918.

CN[TY@K@, AN@LBTK@, G@ZNG IYO[WDY, KB@Y@ KDLWDLO, ^ZD[ ]TLND, JDL@YDWN B@C]@WH@FN, ^@LLN[ KH@Y@B@INGN[,GNCNWYN[ @[FOTLN[, G@ZNG O[NCO, F@W@YU^L@ [UFTW@ d CDB@LND INKFNLA, Dlvnsnolnla Gnant`b Duropd 9=;=5[kdl`rnos jor NKW nl Juturd Aovdrl`lkd `lg ]obnky Cogdbbnla 5 Eonlt Ydsd`rkh Kdltrd - Nlstntutd jor ]rospdktnvdWdkhloboank`b [tugnds (kobb`l` gnrdtt` g` An`lbuk` Cnsur`k` d Q`nldr Busobn) 9=0=.

LDAYO]OLWD , LNKHOB@[, tr`gotto g` Jr`lko Jnbnpp`zzn d Anubn`l` Jnbnpp`zzn, Dssdrd gnant`bn , [pdrbnla & Fupjdr5 Cnb`lo([kndlz`) 0>>4.

9= FNY[WN @B@-CTWF@ dt `b., Whd ncp`kt oj sokn`b kocputnla ol thd DT nljorc`tnol sokndty `lg dkolocy 5 Eonlt Ydsd`rkh Kdltrd -Nlstntutd jor ]rospdktnvd Wdkhloboank`b [tugnds, 9==>, l. >18->9-1>-0;80;-;6 @`.Zv., "@ gnant`b àdlg` jor Duropd," Duropd`lKoccnssnol, Iruxdbbds5 9=0=6 @`.Zv., Kboug Kocputnla ]uibnk Kolsubt`tnol Ydport 5 Duropd`l Koccnssnol, 9=006 @G@C IYNAABD dK@YB CNWKH@C, Jroc thd ]hnbosophy oj Nljorc`tnol to thd ]hnbosophy oj Nljorc`tnol Kubturd , nl «Whd Nljorc`tnol [okndty¶ 94, l. ;(9==>)6 BTKN@LO JBOYNGN, @ boof nlto thd juturd ncp`kt oj NKW ol our bnvds (prdprnlt) , nl «Whd Nljorc`tnol [okndty¶ (9==1)6 AN@LBTK@

CN[TY@K@ dt `b., Dlvnsnolnla Gnant`b Duropd 9=;=5 [kdl`rnos jor NKW nl Juturd Aovdrl`lkd `lg ]obnky Cogdbbnla 5 Eonlt Ydsd`rkhKdltrd - Nlstntutd jor ]rospdktnvd Wdkhloboank`b [tugnds (kobb`l` gnrdtt` g` An`lbuk` Cnsur`k` d Q`nldr Busobn) 9=0=6 @LWONLDWWD

YOTZYO^, ]rnv`ky, g`t` protdktnol, `lg thd ulprdkdgdltdg kh`bbdlads oj `cindlt nltdbbnadlkd , nl «[tugnds nl Dthnks, B`w, `lgWdkhloboay¶ NN, l. 0 (9==8)6 E. P. @LGDY[OL d H. Y@NLND, Whd juturd oj kboug kocputnla ) 9=0=.





< ]rnlknp`bn rnjdrncdltn <

O]]O, ANOYANO, Gnsuc`lnzz`znold gdb koltr`tto?, nl «Ynvnst` gn gnrntto knvnbd¶ XBNZ, l. 4 (0>>8), pp. 494-4;;.

]@[PTNLO, W., @spdttn proibdc`tnkn gdbb` kolkbusnold gdb koltr`tto cdgn`ltd ‒tdbdj`x– , nl «Gnrntto gdbb'nljorc`znold dgdbb'nljorc`tnk`¶, l. ; (0>8>).

YOTZYO^, @LWONLDWWD, ]rnv`ky, g`t` protdktnol, `lg thd ulprdkdgdltdg kh`bbdlads oj `cindlt nltdbbnadlkd, nl «[tugnds nlDthnks, B`w, `lg Wdkhloboay¶ NN, l. 0 (9==8).

ZOBOLNLO, B. d Y. @LU@BGT@, Kocputdr Jordlsnks Jor Guccnds5 Qnbdy 9==8.

03 2013 2014 Comunicazione 1 1: “scambio senza accordo” e contratto telematico

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