Post on 23-Oct-2020
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vaJafSavela Tergdaleulebis, ilia WavWavaZis, akaki wereTlis,
iakob gogebaSvilis da sxvaTa, umcrosi Tanamedrove da maTi saqmis
gamgrZelebelia. es iyo axali erovnuli proeqti saqarTvelosTvis,
saqarTvelos dayeneba `erad sxva erTa Soris~, amaTSi ki igulisxmebo
da evropis TviTgamorkvevis gzaze damdgari erebi.
saqarTvelos evropuli proeqti ar iyo mxolod politikuri pro
eqti, aramed, pirvel rigSi – msoflmxedvelobrivi. Tergdaleulebi
da, maT kvaldakval, vaJac, xedavdnen, rom is procesebi, rac evropaSi
xdeba, aris ara SemTxveviTi, aramed gangebismieri, rom evropis gamoc
dilebaa Tavis safuZvelSi qristianuli gamocdileba, qristianuli
faseulobebis mtkivneuli da Seuqcevadi Semosvla istoriaSi: Sromis
gaTavisufleba, pirovnebis gaTavisufleba sxva pirovnebis sakuTre
bis statusidan, qalebis emansipacia da a.S., am gamocdilebis argageba
da armiReba, maTi azriT, ukve niSnavda istoriis logikidan amovard
nas mTeli Tavisi tragikuli SedegebiT. anu
evropuli proeqti iTvaliswinebda qarTvelebSi axali su
liskveTebis, axali suliergonebrivi agebulebis dabade
bas, rac iliam gamoxata lelTRunias sityvebSi: `Cven Cveni
Tavi Cvenadve gveyudneso~, anu gabedvas imisa, rom sakuTar
xelSi aiRo rogorc piradi cxovrebis, ise qveynis cxov
rebis sadaveebi, pasuxismgeblobis sruliad axali ganzo
milebiT.
vaJas mTeli Semoqmedebis laitmotivi swored esaa: Tavis fiqrebs,
naazrevs, piradi sindisis Zaxils mindobili pirovnebebis dabade
ba, Tundac es dabadeba xdebodes yvelaze arasaxarbielo viTarebaSi,
Tundac am dabadebas mTeli gareSe samyaro uSlides xels.
gamoCenili qarTvelebi
vaJas zogadkacobriuli
proeqti
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levan gigineiSvili
vaJa-fSavela (daax. 1880-1898). foto aleqsandre roiniSvilisa
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vaJam Tavis droisTvis Sesaferisi, xarisxiani ganaTleba miiRo. rva
wlis asakSi Telavis sasuliero saswavlebelSi swavlobda. aq miRebuli
ganaTlebiT maincdamainc kmayofili ar iyo. es is periodia, rodesac
mSobliuri ena idevneba dawyebiTi ganaTlebidan. amis winaaRmdeg ga
modioda iakob gogebaSvili da ara marto is, aramed rusi pedagogikis
iseTi Teoretikosebi, rogorc, magaliTad, k.d. uSinski. vaJa ixsenebs,
rom uazrod gvazuTxinebdnen berZnul da laTinur citatebs, maga
liTad aseTs: `xaris xarin tiktikin~so. es cnobili berZnuli andazis
pirveli nawilia: `xaris men xarin tiktei, eris de erin~ – anu wyaloba
wyalobas Sobs, mtroba ki – mtrobas. aq cxadad Cans vaJas ironia da is,
Tu ra sasacilod JRerda es gazepirebuli fraza saswavleblis bavSve
bisTvis. magram me vfiqrob, es berZnuli andaza sxva bevr andazas So
ris SemTxveviT ar damaxsovrebia vaJas, aramed is mis bediswerad, misi
msofl mxedvelobis qvakuTxedad unda qceuliyo, razec SemdgomSi vi
laparakeb.
mowifulobisas vaJa goris saostato seminariaSi swavlobda. aq iyo
nayofieri, mduRare inteleqtualuri cxovreba. axalgazrdebi ecno
bodnen yvelaze mowinave socialurpolitikur ideebs, kiTxulobdnen
caristuli reJimis mankierebebis mamxilebel avtorebs, qmnidnen li
te raturul da politikur gaerTianebebs.
erTi aseTi gaerTianebis, kerZod ki, rusi narodnikebis magaliTze
Seqmnil gaerTianebaSi cota xniT vaJac Sedioda, magram maleve mia
tova es wre. rodesac sayvedurobdnen, Cvens krebebze ratom aRar dadixaro,
pasuxobda, `me Cems RerZze miyvars trialio~. es dasamaxsovrebelia: `Cems RerZ
ze miyvars triali~, anu, rogorc Cans, vaJas ar moewona, ase vTqvaT, `partiuli~
erTianobis suliskveTeba, rodesac piradi xma raRac ideologiur kliSeebs,
stereotipebs unda daemorCilos da maTSi gaiTqvifos. am Tavisi RerZis garSemo
trialSi vaJa uamravs kiTxulobda da goris axalgazrda inteleqtualur wreeb
Si erTerTi yvelaze ganaTlebuli, Zlieri argumentaciis unaris mqone studen
tad iTvleboda.
Tanamedroveebis mogonebebidan cxadad Cans, rom vaJa siRrmiseulad ic nob da
ev ropel da rus moazrovneebs: filosofosebsa da literatorebs; SeeZlo Rr
mad da dasabuTebulad ekamaTa, magaliTad, iseT rTul sakiTxebze, rogoric iyo
hegelis filosofiuri tradiciis konservatoruli da progresistuli gagebe
bi, kerZod, vaJa hegeliseuri principis `realoba racionaluria~s progresul
gagebas uWerda mxars. man poeturi niWi adreve gamoavlina da sayvarelma maswav
lebelma, goris saostato seminariis direqtorma, dimitri semionovma didi mo
mavali uwinaswarmetyvela; gamoSvebis dRes man vaJa sxvebSi gamoarCia da uTxra:
`Sen, Cemo luka! getyvi imas, rac SenTvis xSirad miTqvams! bunebiT poeto, talan
ti ar damarxo, ganaviTare goneba, daakvirdi da Seiswavle cxovreba, ikiTxe sxva
vaJas zogadkacobriuli proeqti
georg vilhelm fridrix hegeli (1770 1831) – germaneli filosofosi, germanuli idealizmis warmomadgeneli. hegelis azriT, istoriis epoqebi da socialurpolitikuri struqturebis cvlileba absoluturi, RvTiuri gonis TviTgamoxatvis stadiebia, amitom istoria ar aris SemTxveviTi, aramed aqvs Sinagani aucilebloba, RvTiuri logika.
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gamoCenili qarTvelebi
dasxva mimarTulebis wignebi da maSin SeiZleba, rom yovelmxriv Cveni sinamdvile
daasuraTo~.
vaJasTvis mniSvnelovani iyo peterburgSi wasvlac, sadac peterburgis uni
versitetis iuridiuli fakultetis Tavisufali msmeneli iyo erTi wliT. sam
wuxarod, usaxsrobis gamo swavla veRar gaagrZela, magram `evropaSi gaWril
sarkmelad~ wodebul qalaqSi misi erTwliani yofna, vfiqrob, misTvisac bedis
ganmsazRvreli sarkmeli unda yofiliyo, radgan erTia wignebi, magram sxvaa uSu
alo Sexeba da cxovreba civilizaciasTan ruseTis imperiis mowinave evropul
yvelaze daaxloebul qalaqSi.
Tavisi sazogado moRvaweoba vaJam skolis maswavleblobiT daiwyo. es adgili
mas mas mere daatovebines, rac konfliqti mouvida soflis mRvdelTan, romel
mac daukiTxavad da uceremoniod waarTva skolas teritoria da eklesiis ezos
miuerTa, riTac bavSvebi saTamaSo sivrcis gareSe datova. vaJa ise gaamwara am usa
marTlobam, rom Semoelaxa kidec es moZalade mRvdeli. ase angariSmiucemlad
aRSfoTeba usamarTlobis gamo damaxasiaTebelia vaJasTvis; Tavad gulwrfeli
qristiani werda erT leqsSi:
`am moZRvrebisTvis jvarze gaekra:
Tavis swavlasa did xeda hrgavda,
rogor ewvala, rogor ecada,
rom ar hyoliyo kaci kacs mglada~.
cxadia, ver aitana amis damwerma, rom adamiani, visac yvelaze metad evaleba
saxarebis mcnebebiT cxovreba, TviTon eqca mglad skolis bavSvebs da RvTismsa
xuris statusic gamoiyena Tavisi uzneobis imunitetad.
Tavisi cxovrebis ZiriTadi nawili vaJam fSavis ulamazes sofel Cargal
Si gaatara. aq dawera Tavisi genialuri nawarmoebebis umetesobac. cxovrobda
ukidures siduxWireSi da mwerlobasTan erTad fizikuri Sromac uwevda. aris
mogoneba imaze, Tu rogor Seudga vaJa poema ̀ baxtrionis~ weras: yanas Tibavda fer
dobze da ucbad STagoneba ewvia, miagdo celi da sirbiliT miaSura saxls, raTa
saswrafod wera daewyo. ocnebobda materialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaze
da erTxans – TbilisSi sacxovreblad gadasvlaze. erTxel biznesproeqtic scada
amis gamo: Carglis bunebriv samkurnalo wyaroebSi abano moawyo turistebisTvis,
daiqirava mojamagireebi, romlebic uvlidnen am abanos da turistebs xvdebod
nen. Tumca vaJas es erTaderTi biznesproeqti xanmokle da warumatebeli gamod
ga. ar aRmoCnda biznesi misi saqme.
vaJas hyavda erTi mdidari naTesavi, romelmac dascinasaviT: `Sen raRaceebs
wer da me naxe amasobaSi ramdeni cxvari myavso~. vaJam uborotod upasuxa: `Sen
rom ar iqnebi, me viqnebio~. vaJa marTlac iqneba yovelTvis, sanam saqarTvelo
da, metic, sanam kacobrioba iarsebebs, radgan pirovnebis dabadebis is impera
tivi, razec Tavis SemoqmedebaSi saubrobs, gansakuTrebuli ZaliT ki poemebSi
`aluda qeTelauri~ da ̀ stumarmaspinZeli~, zogadkacobriuli imperativia da
adamianis Rirsebis qvakuTxeds Seadgens.
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mokled am or poemas Sevexebi da maT ramdenime pasaJze SevaCereb mkiTxvelis
yuradRebas.
aluda qeTelauri Tavisi Temis, sazogadoebis yvelaze Rirseuli wevria: `sa
fixvnos TavSi dajdebis~, anu TviT rCeulebSic, vinc safixvnos Seadgenen, gamor
Ceulia. es iqidanac Cans, rom cxenebis gamtacebeli qistebis gamosadevneblad
wasvlas mxolod aluda gabedavs. erT qists moklavs, meoresTan ki dramatul or
TabrZolaSi Caebmeba da sasikvdilod daWris mas; `Zmac xom mamikal, mec mamkal, ra
vuTxra madlsa RvTisasa~, – amoigminebs qisti RmerTis sayvedurs. ramxela tki
vilia aq gamoxatuli sayvareli ZmisTvis SurisZiebis keTilSobili miswrafebis
gawbilebis gamo. magram miuxedavad am tkivilisa, qisti inarCunebs imis Segnebas,
rom aluda marTalia da hqonda ufleba iaraRiT daebrunebina warTmeuli qoneba;
vaJas zogadkacobriuli proeqti
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Tan misi vaJkacobac daafasa – martom gabeda am sarisko saqmeze wamosvla. es Cans
mis mimarTvaSi: `Tofic Sen dagrCes, rjulZaRlo, xels ar Cavardes sxvisasa~.
anu vaJkacma vaJkaci dainaxa da daafasa. naxeT, aludas Sinagani gardatexis pir
veli impulsi qisti mucalisgan modis: pirvelad swored qistma mucalma daina
vaJa-fSavela ojaxTan erTad, daaxl. 1895.
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xa Rirseba misi kulturisa da religiisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli kulturisa
da religiis adamianSi. im dramatuli orTabrZolis dros raRac saerTo da zo
gadkacobriuli gamoikveTa am or pirovnebas Soris, rac pirvelad mucalma ga
moxata da aludamac gaiziara. amaSic vaJas azrovnebis sifarTove Cans, radgan am
yvelafriT is ambobs, rom adamianis Rirsebis safuZveli zogadkacobriulia da
yvela religiisa da kulturis adamianSi aRmosaCeni. aluda ar Wris mklavs mu
cals, rogorc amas tradicia moiTxovs, da metic, ara marto pativs scems mas da
dakrZalavs, aramed gulwrfeli da spontanuri sibraluliT dastiris kidec. am
pirveli biZgis mere iwyeba aludaSi axali dabadebis procesi, romlis safexure
bi da logikac vaJas didi sizustiT aqvs gadmocemuli. jer, ukan dabrunebisas,
aluda Rrmad Cafiqrdeba sisxlis aRebis saukunovan tradiciaze da am Cafiqre
biT, dakvirvebiT garkveulwilad emijneba mas, radgan, Tu ginda rames yuradRe
biT da obieqturad daakvirde, unda gamijno droebiT mainc Seni Tavi misgan. amis
mere xdeba misi pirveli Sexla TemTan, sadac aluda pirdapir ityvis, rom is, rac
misi azriT yvelaze mniSvnelovania adamianSi, kerZod ki, Rirseba da vaJkacoba,
is, rac Seadgens adamianis `kacobas~, ar daiyvaneba winaprebisgan memkvidreobiT
miRebul adaTwesebze da am adaTwesebis CarCoebSi gagebul religiaze, aramed
arsebobs ufro maRali gadasaxedi, ase vTqvaT, zekulturuli perspeqtiva, ro
melsac aluda `RvTisSvilebis~ perspeqtivas uwodebs; am `RvTisSviluri~ pers
peqtividan nebismieri kulturis da religiis adamianis Rirseba awonili da da
fasebulia:
gamoCenili qarTvelebi
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`Cven vityviT, ‘kacni Cvena varT,
marto Cven gvzrdian dedani,
Cvena vcxondebiT, urjuloT
kuprSi mielisT qSenani’.
am sityviT vwaramaraobT,
RvTisSvilT ukeTes ician!
yvelani marTals amboben,
gana, vinaca hfician”.
aq daufaravi ironiaa da ironia Zalian mniSvnelovani fenomenia: ironiiT Sen
scildebi, emijnebi imas, rac ironiis sagania, rasac dascini, amitom aRar monawi
leob masSi, ase vTqvaT, ritualuri seriozulobiT.
aludasi ar sjeraT. ufro sworad rom vTqvaT, ar surT rom daujeron, radgan,
Tu aluda ar styuis da Tu man, TemSi yvelaze Rirseulma, `urjulo~ mterSi sru
li adamianuri Rirseba dainaxa, maSin aluda yvelas ayenebs zneobrivi dilemis,
arCevnis winaSe: dafiqrdnen mis am ucnaur qcevaze, awondawonon, Seafason is da
sakuTari TavisTvis miiRon gadawyvetileba, Zveleburi cxovreba gaagrZelon Tu
Tavadac Secvalon damokidebuleba. amisTvis ki Temi mzad ar aris da aludas uc
naurobas mis silaCres miawers. amitom maSinac ki, roca mindia moitans mucalis
moWril xels aludas vaJkacobis dasamtkiceblad, Temi gulcivad miiRebs amas da
aludas qmedebaze arc amis Semdeg daiwyebs `saxifaTo~ fiqrs.
amis Semdeg vaJa aRwers aludas sizmars, rodesac glovis rigSi Camdgari xe
vsurebi moklul moZmes stirodnen da Tan Suris saZieblad emzadebodnen. alu
das salafavi daudges saWmelad, romelic adamianis xorcis aRmoCnda. aludas
SezizR da da aRar Wama. aq mas xma esmis: `ratom ara sWam aludav, ratom xar gaS
terebuli~. esec mniSvnelovani detalia: `gaStereba~ aq niSnavs Cafiqrebas, Rrma
xedvaSi wasvlas. xma ki, romelic mas ritorikulad ekiTxeba, ratom xar gaStere
bulio. aris Temis zogadi xma, msoflmxedveloba Tu ideologia, romelic uSlis
adamians Tavisi azrebi da xedvebi Tavad dabados; urCevs Tavi daizRvios am rTu
li saqmisgan da umravlesobis inercias gahyves.
poemis kulminaciaa scena, roca aludas mTeli mozveri ahyavs mucalis
xsovnisTvis Sesawirad, rasac berdia provokaciad da Tavxedobad miiCnevs. `feri
edeba berdias, feri sxva rigis SiSisa~. arc erTi sxva zedsarTavi ar mouxdebo
da berdias SiSs, rogorc sityva `sxva rigis~. anu es iyo raRac uCveulo SiSi, ro
melTanac sxva arc erTi SiSi ar movidoda, TviT sikvdilis SiSic, radgan `sxva
rigi~ gamoxatavs aq mTeli msoflmxedvelobiTi struqturis darRvevis SiSs,
SiSs, rom daamsxvrio is ideologiurkulturuli kristali, romelSic aqamde
uyurebdi realobas da scado sxvanairadac gaixedo, Tundac am sxvanairad gaxed
vam cxovrebis wesis Secvla gaiZulos.
sainteresoa, ras ambobs aluda mucalze da mis Zmaze am bolo scenaSi: `ro
gorc undomlad moklulis, Tavis lamazis ZmisTvina~. daakvirdiT, `lamazs~
uwodebs mas, vinc poemis dasawyisSi mokla rogorc erTi vinme `qurdkantala
vaJas zogadkacobriuli proeqti
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RliRveli~. anu aludaSi moxda Zirfesviani gardatexa, xedvis kuTxis Zirfes
viani Secvla, faqtobrivad mucalis TvalebiT uyurebs mucalisve Zmas. aludam
TviTon Sewira mozveri da rodesac xmali amoiRo, vaJa ambobs: `Suqi amoxda
mzisao~. es mZlavri metaforaa. manamde, poemis dasawyisSi xom iTqva: `Satils
jer ar Caswvdomia Suqi SuadRis mzisao, ar CauSveben Camsvlelsa, ca axuria
kldi sao~; anu `kldis ca~, ese igi, myari stereotipebi, ar uSvebs axali xedvebis
Suqs sazogadoebaSi, mze ki mxolod maSin amobrwyindeba, rodesac Tavis pirad
sindiss mindobili adamianebi gaexsnebian da aRmoaCenen WeSmaritebis impera
tivebs da Semdeg zneobrivi Zalac eyofaT Riad gamoxaton isini. gambedaoba da
zneobrivi Zala aucilebelia, miT umetes, rom ar aris garantia, rom sazogadoe
ba gagigebs. piriqiT, ufro didi SesaZleblobiT drois koniunqtura, arsebuli
myari Sexedulebebi advilad ar daTmoben Tavis Zalauflebas adamianebis gone
bebze da siaxlis Semomtani gaiTeleba, rogorc es aludas SemTxvevaSic moxda.
gamoCenili qarTvelebi
56vaJa-fSavela, daaxl. 1895.
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magram WeSmaritebis msaxureba da gamoTqma, vaJas mowodebiT, ar aris damoki
debuli im SemTxveviT garemoebaze, warmatebuli iqneba es Tu warumatebeli,
radgan es sindisis absoluturi moTxovna da imperativia. ase rom, aludasnairi
gmirebi ar dagideven Sedegebs: saTqmeli unda gamoiTqvas, gamosaxatavi, unda
gamoixatos da rac mTavaria – samoqalaqo sivrceSi.
msgavsi problematika, aranaklebi ZaliT da dramatizmiT, aris asaxuli va
Jas `stumarmaspinZelSic~. aqac, pirvel scenaSi, xevsur zviadaursa da qist
joyolas Soris ibadeba raRac urTierToba, romelic ar aris damokidebuli kul
turul gansazRvrulobaze an religiaze: isini xvdebian rogorc ori monadire:
erTi, joyola – warmatebuli, meore, zviadauri – xelmocaruli. maT erTmaneT
Si uCndebaT, ase rom vTqvaT, profesiuli solidaroba: ramxela riski, simarjve,
gamarTleba sWirdeba jixvebze nadirobas da ra didi gawbilebaa, rodesac mTel
dRes uSedegod dakargav! qisti joyola amas xvdeba Tavisi keTili guliT da
mzad aris Tavisi nanadirevis naxevari gaunawilos zviadaurs (romelic saxels
daumalavs da nunuad gausaRebs Tavs). amisTvis religiur Teoriasac mimarTavs
daaxloebiT am logikiT, alahma gansazRvra yvelaferi: jixvis mokvla Cemi dam
saxureba ki ara, alahis wyalobaa, da radgan imave alahma Seni Tavi axla da am dros
Semaxvedra, ese igi, is wyaloba imitom gaiRo CemTvis, rom mere Senc gaexade misi
mowile, amitom mec ver movklavdi jixvs, alahs rom Seni Svela ar ndomebodao da
aqedan daskvna: `wili gdebia Senaca Cemgan moklulsa jixvSia~. es daskvna akvir
vebs zviadaurs, cxadia, da arc iRebs mas, `sad ar miTesavs, Zmobilo, iq movmka,
sadauria?~, magram zviadauri moixibla Tavidanve joyolas sikeTiT da gulis
xmierebiT.
mTavari mizezi, albaT, ris gamoc gahyva TavisTvis ase sarisko adgilas swored
am pirovnebis ukeT gacnoba, misiT daintereseba iyo. zviadaurs icnobs joyolas
stumari da mTel sofels mosdebs am ambavs. Temi zviadauris mokvlas gadawyvets
da aRar miaqcevs yuradRebas joyolas piradi sivrcis, misi ojaxis, saxlis xel
Seuxeblobas: Seuvardebian da stumars gaukoWaven. joyola TavgamodebiT icavs
rogorc stumars, ise Tavis pirad, Temis mier Selaxul Rirsebas. Temis logika
aseTia: Cven Tu am SemTxvevaSi davicaviT ojaxis xelSeuxeblobis wesi, es SeiZle
ba gamoiyenos zviadaurma da gagveqces, Tu gagveqceva, Cvenze iqneba sircxvili,
rom an doylapiebi varT, an, uaresi, mSiSrebi da ver gavbedeT mosisxlis mokvla.
es gaaZlierebs, Cvenze upiratesobas moapovebinebs Cvens mtrebs, xevsurebs, da
sabolood gagvanadgurebs. amitom Temis siZliere axla iTxovs nebismier fasad
zviadauris mokvlas. dasawyisSi es dilemac ar dgas albaT Temis winaSe: winas
war fiqroben, rom joyolac daeTanxmebaT, da Tu ara, saboloo ‘koziri’ is aqvT,
rom Seaxsenon: `TviT aman mokla Seni Zma aryianebSi TofiTa~, anu mis mTavar vne
bas, ZmisTvis SurisZiebis survils, gamoiyeneben imisTvis, rom Tavis ganzraxva
Seasrulon, usayvarlesi adamianisTvis SurisZieba xom iseTi stiqiaa, romelic
yvela princips faravs, miT umetes, rom joyolasTvis es survili cxovrebis um
Tavresi motivia da yvelgan Tan dayveba: `Zmismkvlelis sisxli swyuria kaci rom
midis gzazeda~ – swored joyolazea naTqvami poemis dasawyisSi. magram aq joyola
vaJas zogadkacobriuli proeqti
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moulodnelad, umtkivneulesi pauzis (`TiTqos isari zed gulis kovzze daeso~)
Semdeg mSvidad ambobs: `eg marTalia, iqneba, ra unda miTxraT magiTa? miTc ver
miabamT Tqvens zraxvas Cems gulisTqmasTan ZafiTa~. `Zafi~ aq metaforaa: Zafze
uwvrilesi araferia da Tu ZafiTac ar aris mibmuli, ese igi saerTod arafriT
ar aris mibmuli, anu SurisZiebis vneba da imperativi, daicva stumris usafrTxo
eba, sxvadasxva ganzomilebebSia, erTmaneTs ar kveTen, da meore Seudareblad,
metic, usasrulod ufro mniSvnelovania (am usasrulobas vaJas meore metafora
`zRva~ gamoxatavs: `Tund zRva emarTos sisxlisa, miTac me ver vuRalateb, vficav
RmerTs, qmnili imisa~). mTeli azri am konfliqtis amaSia:
vaJa gvaswavlis, rom ar SeiZleba sazogadoebam rame warmatebas miaRwios, am
sazogadoebis TiToeuli wevris Rirsebis abuCad agdebis xarjze. Rirsebaayri
li, uflebaayrili moqalaqeebisgan Semdgari sazogadoeba veranair warmate
bas ver miaRwevs veraferSi, rac kacobriobis istoriam bevrjer da tragiku
lad aCvena.
garda stumris dacvis imperativisa, joyolaSi raRac sxvac moqmedebs – in
tuicia, rom zviadauri Rirseuli adamiania, miuxedavad imisa, rom garemoebam misi
Zmis mkvlelad aqcia, amitom ebraleba kidec. es kargad Cans mis sityvebSi: `roca
gascdeba Cems ojaxs, iq moepyariT avada~, anu, faqtobrivad, me TviTon aRar va
pireb SurisZiebaso, da mere: `uiaraRos awvalebT, guli rasa grZnobs Tavada~, anu
marto moraluri movaleobis moxdis mizniT ki ara, moraluri grZnobis, umweo
mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili adamianis mimarT TanagrZnobis gamoc surs zviadau
ris dacva.
joyola da zviadaurze aranakleb saintereso personaJia joyolas colic.
isic gamoirCeva Temisgan, radgan mxolod mas Seebraleba zviadauri, SeiZleba ara
marto Tavisi pirovnuli Tvisebebis gamo, aramed imis gamoc, rom cotaTi mainc
gaicno es pirovneba da naxa Tavisi qmris misdami damokidebulebac. is ara marto
uTanagrZnobs zviadaurs, aramed wesis mixedviT daitirebs kidec. aq vaJa drama
tulad aRwers mis Sinagan Widils, gaorebas: erTi mxriv, aqvs gumani, intuicia,
rom rac gaakeTa, sworia, meore mxriv, mTeli misi aqamdeli codna, Temis wesebi da
msoflmxedveloba masSi ebrZvis am intuicias da brals sdebs mas. mokluli Zmac
ki moeCveneba saflavidan wamomdgari da Tavisive Tmebic ki samduravs eubnebod
nen, rogorc moRalates da mtris damtirebels. saxlisaken gamoqceuli naxavs,
rom ZaRli mirboda zviadauris cxedris sajijgnad, SeCerdeba, qvebs aiRebs da
gaagdebs ZaRls, yviriliT, vin gaWmevs kai ymis xorcso! mxolod aq aZlevs vaJa
joyolas cols saxels – aRazas. TiTqos is mxolod axla daibada, rogorc da
moukidebeli, marto Tavisi sindisis damjeri da ara Temis tradicias ayolili
pirovneba. Tan saxelic Sesaferisi misca – `aRaza~, romelic asociaciurad uka
vSirdeba aRzevebas, am SemTxvevaSi, Temis zogad Sexedulebaze maRla dadgomas.
poemis boloc monumenturi sceniT sruldeba, rodesac sadRac, aramiwier
ganzomilebaSi Cndeba joyola da uxmobs zviadaurs, romelic mkerdze xelgada
gamoCenili qarTvelebi
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jvaredinebuli, rogorc ziarebis win, gamoCndeba, Semdeg maT aRaza maspinZlobs
da maTi saubari Seexeba stumarmaspinZlobis wess, patiebas, siyvaruls. aqac sim
boloebia, radgan joyola zneobrivad gacilebiT ufro daxvewili da amaRlebu
li pirovnebaa, vidre zviadauri: zviadauri mxolod vaJkacobas da Seupovrobas
aCvenebs, joyola ki – Zmismkvlelis patiebas da TanagrZnobas. swored am umaRles
sibrZnes unda eziaros zviadauri. es isev vaJas xedvis sifarToveze metyvelebs,
rom musulmani kacisgan eziareba qristiani kaci umaRles sibrZnes: mtris siy
varuls, amiT vaJa am saxarebiseuli principis universalurobas usvams xazs.
vaJas zemonaxsenebi gmirebi: aluda, joyola da aRaza gamoxataven pirovnebis
sindisis gaTavisuflebas kulturultradiciuli kliSeebisagan. es igivea, rac
evropul gamocdilebaSi rene dekartes `cogito ergo sum~ (`vazrovneb, maSasadame varsebob~) wertili, anu adamianis martoobis wertili, sadac is damoukideb
lad iazrebs realobas, Tavad fiqrobs Tavis fiqrebs; an imanuil kantis `sapere aude~, anu gabedo TviTon isibrZno da ar miyve inerciebs; an martin luTeris `aq vdgavar da sxvanairad ar ZalmiZs~ – ar ZalmiZs, radgan `aq~ Cemi piradi sindisia
da masze Zvirfasi araferi maqvs. rogorc ki adamiani gacvlis am Sinagan xmas, an
ilia rogorc uwodebs, CvenSi arsebul `patara RmerTs~, iq aucileblad moxdeba
pirovnuli katastrofa, adamianis mTeli arsebis dazianeba, rac ase mZlavrad aqvs
aRwerili vaJas albaT yvelaze rTul poema `gvelismWamelSi~ mindias magaliT ze.
`aluda qeTelauri~ da `stumarmaspinZeli~ poemebia pirovnebis gamarjvebaze,
`gvelismWameli~ – pirovnebis marcxsa da tragediaze.
ar SemiZlia ar Sevexo vaJas `baxtrionsac~, kerZod ki, mis erT personaJs –
luxums. luxumi yvelaze ucnauri personaJia mTel poemaSi. zezva gafrindauli
mas Seaxsenebs epizods, rodesac luxums Seebrala mokluli leki, da arcxvens
mas: `Sen Segebrala urjulo, mogiwylianda Tvalebi, rom daenaxeT uTuod moga
furTxebdnen qalebi~. luxumi ar ekamaTeba da dumiliT miiRebs amas. baxtrionis
vaJas zogadkacobriuli proeqti
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gamoCenili qarTvelebi
aRebis Semdeg luxumi gauCinardeba da vaJa gaurkvevlobis burusSi tovebs mas,
mxolod gviyveba masze, rom `amboben, maRal kldis ZirSi, uRrans, udaburs tye
Sia, luxumi iwva daWrili, natyviari sWirs mkerdSia~. am `amboben~iT vaJa misti
kur garemos qmnis. luxumis gverdiT binadrobs adamis modgmis mteri gveli,
rome lic yvelafers anadgurebs da nTqavs, magram luxumi Seebraleba, saWmels
uzidavs da zRaparsac uyveba or obol Zmaze. ori oboli Zma asaxierebs Tavad am
gvels da luxums, romlebic umaRlesi sibrZnis, mtris Seyvarebis mcnebis gagebam
daaZmobila, da oblebi imitom arian, rom es sibrZne ar aris yvelasTvis misawv
domi, bevri mas ver gaigebs da, miT umetes, ver miiRebs. `xaris men xarin tiktei,
eris de erin~.
vaJas mTeli cxovreba awvalebda sicocxlis sazrisi da silamazis, yvelanairi
silamazis – fizikurisa da zneobrivis – faseuloba da daniSnuleba. sakiTxi dgas
martin luTeri (14831546) – religiuri reformatori. daupirispirda Tavis Tanamedrove kaTolikur eklesias, radgan, Tavad kaTolik mRvdels, miaCnda, rom eklesiam rig swavlebebSi – magaliTad, indulgenciebis Sesaxeb, romlis damaxinjebuli gagebis mixedviTac adamians SeeZlo codvebis gamosyidva eklesiisadmi Sewiruli fuliT – gadauxvia WeSmarit kaTolikobas da qristianobas. rodesac papma da saeklesio krebam mosTxoves mas Tavis azrebis Secvla da kaTolikuri eklesiis maSindel oficialur poziciasTan Serigeba, luTerma Tqva sabediswero sityvebi: `aq vdgavar da sxvanairad ar ZalmiZs~, ramac dramatulad Secvala mTeli dasavluri civilizaciis bedi.
imanuel kanti (17241804) – germaneli filosofosi. Tavis naSromSi `wminda gonebis kritika~ daupirispirda tradiciul filosofias da sruliad axali sistema Camoayaliba. kantis azriT, adamians Tavisufals xdis sakuTar TavSi aRmoCenili zneobrivi kanoni/imperativi, romelsac sakuTar Tavs nebayoflobiT ukanonebs. kantis saflavze koningsbergSi (axlandeli kaliningradi) aseTi warweraa: `ori ram macvifrebs: varskvlavebiT moWedili ca Cems Tavze da zneobrivi kanoni CemSi~.
rene dekarti (15961650) – frangi filosofosi, romelmac Tavdayira daayena mTeli manamdeli filosofia da Teologia imiT, rom WeSmaritebis kriteriumad gamoacxada ara RmerTze da samyaroze arsebuli tradiciuli swavlebebi (romlebic, misi azriT, yvela adamianisTvis absoluturad uryevi da cxadi ar iyo, radgan daeWvebis sivrces tovebda), aramed pirovnebis mier sakuTar TavSi aRmoCenili absoluturi da uryevi, yvela adamianisTvis gasagebi sicxade – `vazrovneb, maSasadame varsebob~. am uryev sicxadeze agebs Semdeg dekarti yvela danarCen codnas.
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vaJas zogadkacobriuli proeqti
ase, Tu yvelaferi sikvdiliT sruldeba, Tu yvelaferi Tavdeba, maSin ra azri aqvs
silamazes? is, rac rusTavelisTvis an guramiSvilisTvis TavisTavad cxadi iyo,
anu adamianis pirovnuli ukvdaveba da silamazis droze aRmatebuloba, es qris
tianulplatonuri sicxade, vaJasTvis ase cxadi aRar aris da is, ilias baironze
naTqvami sityvebi rom vTqvaT, marTlac `Tavis sulis wvaSi, eWvebis RrRnaSi eZebs
mourCeneli wylulebis wamals da ukvdavebis Rirss cxovrebas~. vaJas pirovnuli
dramis es mTavari nervi Tengiz abulaZemac aRmoaCina da Tavisi ukvdavi filmi
`vedreba~ swored amas miuZRvna. ramdenime moTxroba aqvs vaJas, sadac es Sinagani
Widili aqvs aRwerili, sadac mas ecxadeba eWvebisa da nihilizmis suli, romelic
qirqiliT Caagonebs, rom arafers ar aqvs azri, rom yvelafris gamauqmebeli sabo
loo wertili sikvdilia.
ai aq aris nawyveti moTxrobidan `moCveneba~, rodesac es boroti suli mas eub
neba: `ar waval da verc SegiZlian ZaliT gamagdo. eniT, rac genebos, brZane. Sen
me iotis odnad ver Semdrek imitom, rom me moudrekeli var. srulia Cemi buneba
mudam, arc daiklebs, arc moimatebs aradros. amitom amaoa sul Seni risxva, Seni
wyevla da muqara, iseve amao, rogorc TviT Seni ltolvileba da miswrafeba da
dRevandeli cremli. rad gaviwydeba: yvelafers dasasruli aqvs, – sTqva ra es,
kvlav gaicina~. vaJa pasuxobs: `su, CumadmeTqi! nu momagoneb imas, rac ar minda
movigono da arc mosagonebelia. eg mec vici, magram miswrafeba, fiqri, grZnoba,
siyvaruli, mtroba da yvela is, rac cxovrebas Seadgens, aZinebs mag fiqrs amaobi
sas, yvelafris dasasrulisas, wyeulo! Seni buneba amas ver gaigebs, radgan igi Sxa
mi, sawamlavi aris~. `ho, simarTles roca getyvi, Sxamia, sawamlavia~, ganagrZnobs
suli. aq ucnauria, rom vaJac TiTqos eTanxmeba nihilizmis gardauvalobas, mag
ram ar urigdeba mas. mas aRar aqvs is rusTavelguramiSviliseuli uryevi da, ase
vTqvaT, mzamzareuli rwmena maradisobis, aramed TviTon unda aRmoaCinos mara
disoba Tavis pirad egzistencialur gamocdilebaSi. amiT hgavs baraTaSvils,
romelic Sinagani intuiciiT gaurbis amaoebaze fiqrs Tavisi meraniT. magram,
vfiqrob, baraTaSvilisgan gansxvavebiT, vaJa Tavs aRwevs ganwirulobas da aRmoa
Cens pirovnuli ukvdavebis da silamazis maradiulobis gancdas Tavis TavSi. amas
metaforulad gamoxatavs zemoxsenebuli moTxrobis dasasruls gamoCenili saT
no moxuci, romelic gaagdebs nihilizmis suls da etyvis vaJas:
`adeqi, Svilo, adeqi! morwmune xar da iyavi marad morwmune. nu Sesdrkebi, nu
gastydebi! madli da Rvawlia TviT simtkice da rwmena, – sTqva moxucma lmobieris,
tkbilis xmiT, momWida xelzed xeli da amayena. – agero, – sTqva man, – ager, gaixede,
inugeSe, gaixare!.. – me Tvali mivapyari dasavleTs da mkvdari gavcocxldi. sauc
xoo mnaTobi anaTebda, erTs adgils gaCerebuli, – mze iyo, magram is mze ara, diliT
rom amodis da mieSureba saRamozed goras moefaros; im mzes ar eCqareboda Casv
la, TviT imas swyuroda enaTa qveynisTvis, TvaldamSeuli ucqeroda Cvens mxares.
me, giJiviT, gonebadabneuli Sevxarodi, Sevstrfodi mnaTobs da muxls vuyridi~.
vaJas `stumarmaspinZeli~ am fraziT sruldeba: `da ufskruls dascqers pirimze,
moRerebulis yeliTa~ – marTlac sasowarkveTilebis ufskruls gamoglija vaJam
Tavisi TavisTvisac da kacobriobisTvisac silamazis maradiulobis rwmena.
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