13/5/2015 ElcandidatodeNerudaalPremioNobel|IowaLiteraria

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PabloNerudayscarHahn,1963.(CortesadescarHahn)

ElpasadomesdeoctubresecumplieroncuatrodcadasdelotorgamientodelPremioNobelaPabloNeruda.ElanunciolorealizlaAcademiasuecaen1971.Dosaosantes,enunadesusvisitasalaciudaddeArica,tuve la oportunidad de conversar con Neruda sobre el tema del premio. Estaba a punto de anunciarse elganadordeeseaoyelnombredePabloNerudasonabaconmsfuerzaquenunca.Laprensainternacionalapostabaaquenuestropoetaseraelfavorecido.Esporesoquemeatrevapreguntarlesinohabrasidomejorque se hubiera quedado en Santiago, esperando la decisin. Imagnese, le dije, la frustracin de losperiodistas,quevanaandarcomolocosbuscndoloenSantiagooenIslaNegra,yresultaqueustedestaqu,enArica.Nerudamuytranquilomedijo:Notepreocupes,estaveznovaapasarnada.Ycmopuedeestartanseguro?Ah,dijolmuysonriente,tengomisinformantessuecos.

Yaqueestbamoshablandodeltema,meatrevairunpoquitomslejosylepregunt:DonPablo,siustedestuvieraenel jurado,aquin ledaraelpremio?Hubounossegundosdesilencio,y luegorespondisintitubear:ARobertGraves.Loconoces?Esungranpoetaynovelistaingls.Pensquenombraraaalguiencomoel espaolRafaelAlberti, el francs LuisAragono el norteamericanoArthurMiller, de los cuales erabastantecercano,perono:supreferidofueRobertGraves.

Hace poco encontr en internet una conversacin que tuvo Rita Guivert con Pablo Neruda justo en 1969.NerudaaludeaunaentrevistaaRobertGravesqueleyenTheParisReview.LlegainclusoacitaralpiedelaletraunpardeprrafosenlosqueGraveslepreguntaalentrevistador:Nolehallamadolaatencinalgoenestacasa,enestapieza?Todoesthechoamano.Elescritornodebevivirsinoentrecosashechasamano.Nerudaagregaquetambinlapoesadebeescribirseamanoynodigitandoteclas.EstomuestraqueenesosdasRobertGravesyasehabainstaladocomoreferenteeneldiscursodelpoetachileno.

ElnombredeRobertGravespasaldominiomasivoen1976,graciasalaminiserietelevisivaYo,Claudio.Tuvoxitomundial,yelao2000 fueelegida lamejorseriede televisindelsigloXX.EstbasadaendosnovelashistricasdeGravesquenarran la vidadel emperador romanoTiberioClaudio.Otro libro suyo,Ladiosablanca,esunfascinanteensayosobrelasfuentesdelnumenpoticoysurelacinconelmatriarcadoycon la mitologa lunar. Pero sobre todo, Robert Graves es una figura mayor de la poesa britnicacontempornea.

Buscando datos sobre una posible relacinpersonal entre Pablo Neruda y Robert Gravesenvi una carta a la casa donde vivi el poetaingls en Mallorca, convertida ahora en museo.Me respondi William Graves, uno de sus hijos.Dice en su email: Estimado amigo, no tengoconstancia de ninguna correspondencia entreRobert Graves y Pablo Neruda. Mi padre sconoca a los traductores al ingls de Neruda:Alastair Reid, Toni Kerrigan y Bill Merwin (esteltimofuemitutor).Curiosamente,tengounbuenamigoqueestpreparandounanuevabibliografadeGravesqueseapellidaHahncomousted.Lapronta y amable respuesta de William Gravesconfirma lo que imaginaba. No siendo su padreamigo de Neruda ni miembro de su entornopoltico o cultural, la adhesin del poeta chilenoest basada en consideraciones estrictamenteliterarias.

PeroNerudanoeraelnicogranescritorlatinoamericanoquetenaunaaltsimaopinindelaobradeGraves.AlgunavezJorgeLuisBorgeshizouna rigurosa listadesus libros favoritos,queldenomin mibibliotecapersonal.UnodeesoslibrosesLosmitosgriegos.Borgespresentaasasuautor:Diversamenteadmirablecomopoeta,comoinvestigadordelapoesa,comosensibleydoctohumanista,comonovelista,comonarradorycomomitlogo,RobertGravesesunode losescritoresmspersonalesdenuestrosiglo.Para laAcademiaSueca, que enms de una ocasin ha sido bastante dadivosa con escritores prescindibles, esos notablesatributos no le parecieron suficientes para otorgarle el Premio Nobel. Robert Graves muri en su casa deMallorcaen1985.

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ElcandidatodeNerudaalPremioNobelporSCARHAHNenFeb21,2013

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