7/28/2019 Weintraub (1980)-Sceloporus orcutti.pdf

1/2

265.1REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE SCELOPORUS ORCUTTI

Sceloporus orcutti StejnegerGranite spiny lizard

Catalogue of Americau Amphibiaus and Reptiles.WEINTRAUB,JOELD. 1980. Sceloporus orcutti.

MAP. The solid spot marks the type-locality, other locali ties areindicated by open symbols. Circles outside the hatched area indicate localit ies in Waterman Canyon, San Bernardino Mountainsand on islands in the Gulf of California.

DESCRIPTIONS. The best general descriptions are in VanDenburgh (1922), Smith (1939, 1946), and Stebbins (1954, 1966).Briefer descriptions are in Stejneger (1893), Boulenger (1897),Van Denburgh (1897), Cope (1900), Ditmars (1936), and Shaw(1950). Eggs were described by Shaw (1952), Stebbins (1954), andMayhew (1963a). Etheridge (1964) described osteology, and Cole(1970) the karyotype (2n = 34). ILLUSTRATIONS. Drawings are in Stejneger (1893), Mocquard (1899), Cope (1900), Savage (1959), Stebbins (1954, 1966,1972), and Brown (1974). Black and white photographs are in VanDenburgh (1922), Wright and Wright (1931), Smith (1946), andShaw (1950). Colored illustrations are in Schmidt and Inger(1957), and Stebbins (1966). Etheridge (1964)illustrated the skeleton.

LITERATURECITEDAtsatt, Sarah R. 1913. The reptiles of the San Jacinto area ofsouthern California. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 12(3):3150.Boulenger, George A. 1897. A revision of the lizards of the

genus Sceloporus. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1897(3):474-522.Brattstrom, Bayard H. 1965. Body temperatures of reptiles.Amer. Midland Natur. 73(2):376-422.Brown, Vinson. 1974. Reptiles and amphibians of the West.Naturegraph, Healdsburg, California. 79 p.Burstein, Neal, K. R. Larsen, and Hobart M. Smith. 1974. Apreliminary survey of dermatoglyphic variation in the lizardgenus Sceloporus. J. Herpetol. 8(4):359-369.Bussjaeger, L. J. 1971. Phylogenetic significance of the comparative ethology of the spinosus group of Sceloporus, Ph.D.Thesis, University of Oklahoma.Carpenter, Charles C. 1978. Comparative display behavior inthe genus Sceloporus (IguaRidae). Milwaukee Publ. Mus.Contr. BioI. Geol. (18):1-71.Cole, Charles J. 1970. Karyotypes and evolution of the spinosus

ETYMOLOGY. The name orcutti commemorates CharlesRussell Orcutt, pioneer San Diego naturalist, editor, and publisher who collected the type specimen.

DISTRIBUTION. Occurs primarily on granite outcroppings,but also on palm trees (Shaw, 1950) and other vegetation (Linsdale, 1932), on lower mountain slopes (usually under 1,800 m)from the south side of San Gorgonio Pass (San Bernardino County, California) southward on both sides of the mountains to theIsthmus of La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. A record presumederroneous from Tulare County, California (McLain, 1899) is notshown, but an extralimital record from "Waterman's Canyon,"San Bernardino Mountains (Van Denburgh, 1912) is mapped.Occurrence on islands in the Gulf of California is probable, butthese populations require further study (Hall and Smith, 1979). FOSSILRECORD. None. PERTINENT LITERATURE. Atsatt (1913), Klauber (1926),Shaw (1950), Mayhew (1963a, 1963b), Weintraub (1968a, 1968b,1969), and Turner et al. (1969) discuss biology, ecology, and behavior. Temperature preferences are reported by Mayhew(1963c), Brattstrom (1965), and Cunningham (1966). Reproductiveinformation is in Shaw (1952), Stebbins (1954), and Mayhew(1963a). Food is reported by Stebbins (1954), and Mayhew (1963b),and predators and parasites by Cunningham (1959), Jack (1959),Powder and Loomis (1962), Mayhew (1963b), Telford (1970), andWeintraub (1970). Possible acclimatization was reported by Mayhew and Weintraub (1971). Evolutionary relationships are treatedby Smith (1939), Savage (1960), Etheridge (1964), Cole (1970), andLarsen and Tanner (1974, 1975). Bussjaeger (1971), Purdue andCarpenter (1972), and Carpenter (1978)describe display. Bursteinet al. (1974) describe microstructure of scales, but see also Coleand Van Devender (1976). Yatkola (1976)describes dentition andHenke (1975) the intestinal tract. Guttman (1970) reports hemo

globin protein patterns, Pough (1976) the effect of temperatureon blood oxygen capacity, and Wyles and Gorman (1978)lactatedehydrogenase isozymes. Cowen (1973) studied circadianrhythms. Distributional data are in Van Denburgh (1896), Meek(1905), Grinnell and Camp (1917), Van Denburgh and Slevin(1921), Schmidt (1922), Tevis (1944), Pequegnat (1951), Murray(1955), Soule and Sloan (1966), and Ruth (1974).

1001100 260 300

'~ ,\ C{J rr" aj,,'{

"

Sceloporus orcutti Stejneger, 1893:181. Type-locality, "MilquatayValley, San Diego County, Calif.," "just bordering the Mexican boundary, 50 miles east of San Diego by wagon road,"correctly rendered "Campo Valley, San Diego County, California" (Higgins, 1959; Hall and Smith, 1979:24). Holotype,U.S. Natl. Mus. 16330, collected by Charles R. Orcutt, 5January 1890. Not examined by author.Sceloporus digueti Mocquard, 1899:311. Type-locality, "SantaRosalia" [Baja California, Mexico]. Holotype, Mus. Nat.Hist. Natur. Paris 92-419, collected by Leon Diguet. Notexamined by author. CONTENT. No subspecies are currently recognized. DEFINITION. A large (maximum snout-vent length about 115mm) Sceloporus of the spinosus group. Femoral pore rows areseparated by 3 or more scales at midline, circumorbitals are incomplete posteriorly, and parietals in contact with the posteriorsupraoculars. Dorsal scales with short points and weak keels, 2936 (mean about 32)occipital to rump, ventrals 36-44 (mean about40), and scales around body 29 to 37 (mean about 34).Adult males usually have light spots on lateral and dorsalscales, belly and throat deep blue, and often a blue dorsal stripe.Adult females have contrasting light and dark dorsal and caudalbands; immatures have similar coloration but may appear morereddish around the head (Smith, 1939; Stebbins, 1954, 1966).

JI4 I

7/28/2019 Weintraub (1980)-Sceloporus orcutti.pdf

2/2

group of lizards in the genus Sceloporus. Amer. Mus. Novitates (2431):1-47.-, and Thomas R. Van Devender. 1976. Surface structure offossil and recent epidermal scales from North American lizards of the genus Sceloporus (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Bull.Amer. Mus. Natur. Hist. 156(4):455-513.Cope, E. D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards, and snakes ofNorth America. Rept. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1898:153-1270.Cowen, S. M. 1973. Summer and winter daily activity patternsof the granite spiny lizard, Sceloporus orcutti, under conditions of constant temperature and light. M.A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton.Cunningham, John D. 1959. Reproduction and food of someCalifornia snakes. Herpetologica 15(1):17-19.- 1966. Additional observations on the body temperatures ofreptiles. Ibid. 22(3):184-189.Ditmars, Raymond L. 1936. The reptiles of North America.Doubleday and Co., Inc., New York. xvi + 476 p.Etheridge, Richard. 1964. The skeletal morphology and systematic relationships of sceloporine lizards. Copeia1964(4):610-631.Grinnell, Joseph, and C. L. Camp. 1917. A distributional listof the amphibians and reptiles of California. Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 17(10):127-208.Guttman, Sheldon I. 1970. Hemoglobin electrophoresis andrelationships within the lizard genus Sceloporus (Sauria:Iguanidae). Compo Biochem. Physiol. 34:563-568.Hall, William P., and Hobart M. Smith. 1979. Lizards of theSceloporus orcutti complex of the Cape region of Baja California. Breviora (452):1-26.Henke, Jiirgen. 1975. Vergleichend-morphologische Untersuchungen am Magen-darm-trakt der Agamidae und Iguanidae (Reptilia: Lacertilia). Zool. Jahrb. Abl. Anal. Ontogen.Tiere 94:505-569.

Higgins, E. B. 1959. Type localities of vascular plants in SanDiego County, California. Trans. San Diego Soc. Natur. Hisl.12(22):347-406.Jack, K. M. 1959. Additional host and locality records for Geck-obiella texana (Banks), 1904 (Acarina, Pterygosomidae). 1.Parasitol. 49:462-463.Klauber, Laurence M. 1926. Field notes on Xantusia hen-shawi. Copeia (152):115-117.Larsen, Kenneth R., and Wilmer W. Tanner. 1974. Numericanalysis of the lizard genus Sceloporus with special referenceto cranial osteology. Great Basin Natur. 34(1):1-41.-, and - 1975. Evolution of the sceloporine lizards (Iguanidae). Great Basin Natur. 35(1):1-20.Linsdale, Jean M. 1932. Amphibians and reptiles from LowerCalifornia. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 38(6):345-386.Mayhew, Wilbur W. 1963a. Reproduction in the granite spinylizard, Sceloporus orcutti. Copeia 1963(1):144-152.1963b. Biology of the granite spiny lizard, Sceloporus or-cutti. Amer. Midland Natur. 69(2):310-327.1963c. Temperature preferences of Sceloporus orcutti. Herpetologica 18(4):217-233.-, and Joel D. Weintraub. 1971. Possible acclimatization inthe lizard Sceloporus orcutti. J. Physiol. (Paris) 63(3):336340.

McLain, Robert B. 1899. Critical notes on a collection of reptiles from the western coast of the United States. In Contributions to North American Herpetology. Wheeling, WestVirginia. 13 p.Meek, Seth E. 1905. An annotated list of a collection of reptilesfrom southern California and northern Lower California.Field Columbian Mus. Zool. Ser. 7(1):1-19.Mocquard, M. F. 1899. Faune herpetologique de la Basse-Californie. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Natur. Paris 4(1):311-313.Murray, Keith F. 1955. Herpetological collections from BajaCalifornia. Herpetologica 11(1):33-48.Pequegnat, Willis E. 1951. The biota of the Santa Ana Mountains. J. Entomol. Zool. 42(1):1-84.Pough, F. Harvey. 1976. The effect of temperature on oxygencapacity of reptile blood. Physiol. Zool. 49(2):141-151.Powder, W. A., and R. B. Loomis. 1962. A new species andnew records of chiggers (Acarina, Trombiculidae) from reptiles of southern California. J. Parasitol. 48(2):204-208.Purdue, James R., and Charles C. Carpenter. 1972. A comparative study of the body movements of displaying males ofthe lizard genus Sceloporus (Iguanidae). Behaviour 41(12):68-81.Ruth, Stephen B. 1974. A kingsnake from Isla Tortuga in theGulf of California, Mexico. Herpetologica 30(1):97-98.

265.2Savage, Jay M. 1959. An illustrated key to the lizards, snakesand turtles ofthe west. Revised edition. Naturegraph PocketKeys (2):1-36.1960. Evolution of a peninsular herpetofauna. Syst. Zool.9(3):184-212.Schmidt, Karl P. 1922. Scientific results of the expedition tothe Gulf of California ... in 1911. ... VIII. The amphibiansand reptiles of Lower California and the neighboring islands.Bull. Amer. Mus. Nal. Hisl. 46(11):607-707.-, and Robert F. Inger. 1957. Living reptiles of the world.Doubleday and Co., New York. 287 p.Shaw, Charles E. 1950. The lizards of San Diego County withdescriptions and key. Bull. Zool. Soc. San Diego (25):1-63.- 1952. Notes on the eggs and young of some United Statesand Mexican lizards, I. Herpetologica 8(3):71-79.Smith, Hobart M. 1939. The Mexican and Central Americanlizards of the genus Sceloporus. Field Mus. Natur. Hist. Zool.Ser. 26:1-397.1946. Handbook of lizards: lizards of the United States andof Canada. Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca, New York. xxi +557 p.Soule, Michael, and Allan J. Sloan. 1966. Biogeography anddistribution of the reptiles and amphibians on islands in theGulf of California, Mexico. Trans. San Diego Soc. Natur.Hist. 14(11):137-156.Stebbins, Robert C. 1954. Amphibians and reptiles of westernNorth America. McGraw-Hill, New York. xxii + 528 p.1966. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians.Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. xiv + 279 p.1972. Amphibians and reptiles of California. California Natur. Hisl. Guides (31). Univ. California Press, Berkeley, LosAngeles and London. 152 p.Stejneger, Leonhard. 1893. Annotated list of the reptiles andbatrachians collected by the Death Valley expedition in 1891,with descriptions of new species. N. Amer. Fauna (7):159228.Telford, Samuel R., Jr. 1970. A comparative study of endoparasitism among some southern California lizard populations. Amer. Midland Natur. 83(2):516-554.Tevis, Lloyd. 1944. Herpetological notes from Lower California. Copeia 1944(1):6-18.Turner, F. B., R. I. Jennrich, and J. D. Weintraub. 1969. Homeranges and body size of lizards. Ecology 50(6):1076-1081.Van Denburgh, John. 1896. Additional notes on the herpetologyof Lower California. Proc. California Acad. Sci. ser. 2,5:1004-1008.

1897. The reptiles of the Pacific Coast and Great Basin.Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci. (5):1-236.1912. Notes on a collection of reptiles from southern California and Arizona. Proc. California Acad. Sci. ser. 4, 3:147154.1922. The reptiles of western North America .... Vol. I.Lizards. Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci. (10):1-612.-, and Joseph R. Slevin. 1921. A list of the amphibians andreptiles of the peninsula of Lower California, with notes onthe species in the collection of the Academy. Proc. CaliforniaAcad. Sci. ser. 4, 11(4):49-72.Weintraub, Joel D. 1968a. Winter behavior of the granite spinylizard, Sceloporus orcutti Stejneger. Copeia 1968(4):708-712.1968b. Homing and movement patterns of Sceloporus or-cutti. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Riverside.1969. Size relationships of the granite spiny lizard, Scelop-orus orcutti. Herpetologica 25(1):25-29.1970. Homing in the lizard Sceloporus orcutti. Anim. Behav. 18:132-137.

Wright, Anna Allen, and Albert Hazen Wright. 1931. SomeStejneger species photographs from life. Copeia 1931(3):8485.Wyles, J. S., and G. C. Gorman. 1978. Close relationship between the lizard genus Sator and Sceloporus utiformis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae): electrophoretic and immunological evidence. J. Herpetol. 12(3):343-350.Yatkola, Daniel A. 1976. Mid-Miocene lizards from westernNebraska. Copeia 1976(4):645-654.JOEL D. WEINTRAUB,CALIFORNIASTATEUNIVERSITY,FULLER-TON, CALIFORNIA2634.Primary editor for this account, C. J. McCoy.Published 3 March 1981 and Copyright 1981 by the SOCIETYFORTHE STUDYOFAMPHIBIANSANDREPTILES.