NICOLA LAMADDALENA

Head of Land and Water Dept.

CIHEAM – IAM Bari

Roma, 5 Marzo 2015

Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale

USO RAZIONALE DELLE RISORSE IDRICHE IN

AGRICOLTURA PER UNO SVILUPPO

SOSTENIBILE

NEXUS

CIBO, ACQUA, ENERGIA NELLO SVILUPPO SOSTENIBILE

Freshwater resources: current (2003) and

predicted (2030) water withdrawal (km3)

South Asia East and

Southeast

Asia

Latin America

and the

Caribbean

Sub-

Saharan

Africa

Middle East

and North

Africa

Renewable water resources

Water withdrawal, 2030

13 570

9 083

3 884 1 947

371

Water withdrawal, 2003

265 1 052

1 301

161

121

1 397

1 034

403 298

263

Withdrawal remains low in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa.

South Asia and the Middle East and North Africa are already under water

scarcity

Augment “supply” & conserve “quality”

Progetto SupHort in Etiopia (Regioni Oromia e Amara)

POPULATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES

PROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCES

IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN

WATER SUPPLY WATER DEMAND

INCREASING FIX AND

LIMITED

SOURCE:

Hamdy, 2005

DISTRIBUTION OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

66%

24%

10%

Turchia

Variation of annual average precipitation in

the next sixty years (A2 scenario)

PAST STRATEGY

• In the last 40 years the policy

choices privileged the big

hydraulic infrastructures in

irrigation giving priorities to the

quantitative aspect rather than the

qualitative (Supply Management).

DİYARBAKIR

MARDİN

MARDİN-CEYLANPINAR

PLAIN

SİVEREK-HİLVAN

IRRIGATION PROJECT

KRALKIZI-DİCLE

IRRIGATION

YAYLAK PLAIN

IRRIGATION

BOZOVA PUMPING

IRRIGATION

SİLOPİ PLAIN

IRRIGATION

ADIYAMAN-KAHTA

PROJECT

ADIYAMAN-GÖKSU-

ARABAN PROJECT

ŞANLIURFA-HARRAN PLAIN IRRIGATION

SURUÇ PLAIN

IRRIGATION

CİZRE-İDİL-NUSAYBIN

PLAINS IRRIGATION

ATATÜRK

BİRECİK

DİCLE

KRALKIZI

KEBAN

KARKAMIŞ

KARAKAYA

ILISU

CİZRE

GARZAN

BATMAN

KAYSER

SİLVAN

BATMAN

IRRIGATION

ŞANLIURFA

GARZAN IRRIGATION

GAZİANTEP

PROJECT

IN OPERATION

UNDER CONSTRUCTION

INVESTMENT PROGRAM

PLANNING AND FINAL DESIGN

IN OPERATION

UNDER CONSTRUCTION

REST

SİİRT

ŞIRNAK

ADIYAMAN

DEVEGEÇİDİ

ÇINAR-GÖKSU

MALATYA

DERİK

HANCAĞIZ

KAYACIK

ÇAMGAZİ

HACIHIDIR

Turkey (project GAP) Water Distribution plan

ATATÜRK DAM – Completed in 1990

Kabur river - 1975

Kabur river - 2006

Kebrit spring - 1999

Kebrit Spring - 2005

Kebrit spring - 2006

Kebrit spring - 2007

PRESENT STRATEGIES

• The current policy choices highlighted the

importance of Operation, Maintenance

and Management activities (DEMAND

MANAGEMENT)

–Technical approaches (improving WUE

at the whole chain of the system, use of

unconventional waters, use of new

technologies, ....)

– Institutional approaches (PIM, Capacity

Building,…)

WATER DEMAND PER SECTOR IN THE

MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES (YEAR 2000)

WATER DEMAND PER SECTOR IN SOUTHERN

MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES (YEAR 2000)

WATER LOSSES IN IRRIGATION IN THE

MEDITERRANEAN BASIN (%)

LOSSES IN THE ON-

FARM SYSTEM

LOSSES IN THE

DISTRIBUTION and

CONVEYANCE SYSTEM WATER USED BY

THE CROPS

ELABORATION:

APPLICATION LOSSES

AT FARM LEVEL

Progetto Siria (Regione Ras El Ain)

MODALITA’ DI DISTRIBUZIONE:

- A DOMANDA

- TURNATA

- A DOMANDA MODIFICATA

Simulated soil-water balance for TABLE GRAPES according to the

rotational delivery schedule conducted by the Water Users Association

504 mm

Simulated soil-water balance for Table grapes according to the

on-demand delivery schedule

369 mm

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

0123456789

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Time (h)

Dis

charg

e (l/s

)

IDROGRAMMA DEI PRELIEVI

H= 26 m CU = 63% DU = 67% DE90= 62%

H >= 39 m CU = 74% DU = 80% DE90= 80%

Marocco

(Regione Souss-Massa)

Da

Source: Citrini-Noseda, 1970

INTERVENTI DI

«CAPACITY BUILDING»

IMPORTANZA DELLA FORMAZIONE

Progetto SupHort in Etiopia (Regioni Oromia e Amara)

ESEMPIO DI STIMA DEGLI SPRECHI

DI ACQUA VIRTUALE IN PUGLIA

Popolazione: 4.000.000 ab

Superficie: 20.000 Km2

Fabbisogno calorico: 2000 kcal/ab/g

Media: 1 kcal = 1 litro acqua (stima FAO, 2010)

Nel Mondo si spreca mediamente il 30% di cibo quindi, in

termini di acqua (virtuale), in Puglia si sprecano mediamente:

2000 l/ab/g x 0.30 = 600 l/ab/g

600 x 4.000.000 : 1000 = 2.400.000 m3/g

2.400.000 x 365 = 876.000.000 m3/anno

PARI ALL’INTERO FABBIGNO IRRIGUO DELLE COLTURE

IN PUGLIA !

THANK YOU