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Thesis Submitted to Polimi di Milano in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Engineering

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By Bai LanThesis Supervisor: Prof. Piccinno

JULY, 2015

A seguito dello sviluppo in cina degli edifici abitativi concepito come unit,

ma anche in risposta ai principi del design di unit e facendo riferimento

ai criteri di standardizzazione, la tesi approfondisce il concetto dell

assemblamento sistematico di queste unit, per esplorare i sistemi

possibili di questi container ad uso abitativo e lo sviluppo ad uso

sistematico in cina.

la tesi si sviluppa seguendo 4 criteri. Lo sviluppo dei diversi principi del

design per progettare l' assemblamento di queste unit residenziali,

l'applicazione del modulo di 75 mm, lo studio delle finiture d'interni

applicando i criteri studiati precedentemente e infine lo sviluppo delle

unit.

La tesi ha come obiettivo quello di studiare la composizione sistematica

di queste unit per realizzare un concetto di housing residenziale

associandolo a criteri di architettura sostenibile e per sviluppare questa

nuova visione di concepire le residenze.

[Parole Chiave]

Container, case prefabbricate, Interior design modulo.

Il tema sviluppato fa riferimento al tema generale del design sostenibile,

tema affrontato dal mio relatore alla tsinghua university, Il professore

shuyang Sheng. nell’ultima fase della sua ricerca del programma di

Master,è stato fatto uno studio riassuntivo dei risultati ottenuti dalla

ricerca.Chenya Wang, che ha studiato anche con il professore Shuyang

Zheng, ha proposto un sistema d’interni basato su un modulo di 75 mm,

per raggiungere una teoria innovativa costruendo un modello matematico,

che verrà sviluppato in maniera approfondita su scala universale.

Di conseguenza, il sistema modulare di 75 mm sarà parte del supporto

teorico e pratico applicato ad ambienti residenziali e sistemi di housing,

il sistema del container come unità abitativa si è sviluppato circa un

decennio fa, diventando poi universalmente riconosciuto.Queste unit

hanno diversi vantaggi: presentano una struttura sostenibile, una scala a

misura d’uomo e facilità di trasporto e reversibilità. tuttavia lo sviluppo di

questi container in cina è ancora in uno stadio sperimentale, i container

infatti vengono usati solo come base d’appoggio in cantieri edili, e non

come cellule abitative, non è infatti sviluppato la consapevolezza di un

uso abitativo di questi container.

1

Chapter 1. Background research

1.1. Research context continuity requirements

1.2. The development of container housing globally

1.3. Container housing in china

1.4. Conception of container assembly housing

Chapter 2. Case study and theoretical analysis

2.1. Comparing between container space and traditional architecture

space

2.2. Case study of container apartment

2.3. The enlightenment of container assembly residential design to meet

the needs of living in china

Chapter 3. Technical advices about container assembly house

3.1 selection of the container

3.2 design advice based on container-units' advantages

3.3 design suggestions based on building safety and physical comfort

This topic is a subtopic of ‘human settlement sustainable design’, which

belongs to my subject mentor in Tsinghua, Professor Zheng Shuyang. As

the last phase of his Masters’ research thread, the aim of this topic is

giving a summary study on the previous research achievements. On the

last stage, Chenya Wang, who also studied with Professor Zheng

Shuyang, proposed ‘75mm-interior modular system’, achieving an

innovative theory by building a mathematical model, which needs to be

in-depth analysis on the universality. Therefore, "75 mm interior module

system" will be a part of the theoretical support, apply to a specific

residential environment, container assembly housing, to verity the

universality.

As a building type, Container housing appeared nearly a decade, being

highly recognized internationally. As for the secondary use of container

and try to explore the sustainable building forms, while being

transformed into single buildings or building units, containers reflect its

advantages: stable structure, appropriate spatial scale, easy to transport

in its overall. However, the container housing development in China is

still in the exploratory stage. Since containers are applied only to the

temporary housing in construction sites, and did not form a livable,

mature container house, the public awareness for container housing is

not high.

For in the development of container buildings in China, but also in

response to "standardized, modular" design principles, this paper puts

forward the concept of "container assembly house" to explore the

transformation of the containers as a means of amalgamated dwelling

and the development possibilities of container assembly housing in

China. Finally, make appropriate design for container assembly housing.

By questionnaire inquiry, this paper summarizes four categories of

targets. Through the establishment of multi-level interior design

principles to guide the design of container assembly residential units. By

applying the "75mm interior modulus system", finish container assembly

residential interior design, and make corresponding adjustments by the

crowd acceptance survey. Finally, complete the residential units.

This paper aims to study the container assembly housing, advocating

sustainable residential patterns, improve the development of housing

industry.

[Keywords]

Container, Prefabricated Housing, Interior Modular Design

32

Chapter 4 . Establishment of multiple system

4.1. Multiple system for targets

4.2 multiple system for functions

4.3. Multiple system for comfort of housing type

Chapter 5 . The application of ‘75mm interior module system’

5.1. The introduction of ‘75mm interior module system’

5.2. Modular coordination between container dimension and 75 mm .

Chapter 6 .Container assembly residential design based on the

acceptance survey

6.1 Ensamples of multi-level unit plan

6.2 Deepen design according to the research on typical families

6.3 Detailed interior design

Chapter 7. Conclusion

As a building type, container housing appeared nearly a decade, being

highly recognized internationally. First appeared in Europe and the

United States, where empty container assembled. As for the secondary

use of container and try to explore the sustainable building forms, while

being transformed into single buildings or building units, containers

reflect its advantages: stable structure, appropriate spatial scale, easy to

transport in its overall.

[The advantages of characteristics of containers]

Has a standard size, can be designed, customized and manufactured

by modularity.

Dry container is suitable for basic living space size, it can be used to

realize the flexible space combination, form a basic spatial unit to mass

production.

TYPEOutside size Inside size

Length Width Hight Length Width Hight

40ftHign cube

1AAA

12192

2438

2896

11998

2330

2655

40ftStandard cube

1AA 2591 2350

40ftShort cube

1A 2438 2197

30ftHign cube

1BBB

9125

2896

8931

2655

30ftStandard cube

1BB 2591 2350

30ftShort cube

1B 2438 2197

20ftHign cube

6058

2896

5867

2655

20ftStandard cube

1CC 2591 2350

20ftShort cube

1C 2438 2197

Solid structure, corrosion-resistant material, suitable for use as a

space or a building element.

Due to the freight technical requirements, the container is a steel frame

structure, by four force vertex Angle, eight, four circumference and

elevation and floor. Container with perfect use of corrosion resistant

steel, to rust and corrosion resistance, prevent mould. The floor with

transverse steel skeleton retainer, 1.24 cm thick plywood made with

hardwood tile. 20 ft container load bearing capacity is 1.9 t/m 2, 40 ft

container is 0.9 t/㎡. Container in transit can resist 10 wind, a

magnitude 8 earthquake. Even in severe natural disasters, housing units

is also a crushing damage will not occur. Even in severe natural disasters,

housing units is also a crushing damage will not occur.

Easy to transport, can be transported as spatial units, ensure safety

and efficiency during transportation.

The reuse of secondary container, recycling empty containers to

reduce the environmental costs instead of traditional forms of

recovery.

This topic is a subtopic of ‘human settlement sustainable design’, which

belongs to my subject mentor in Tsinghua, Professor Zheng Shuyang. As

the last phase of his Masters’ research thread, the aim of this topic is

giving a summary study on the previous research achievements.

On the last stage, the researcher proposed ‘75mm-interior modular

system’, achieving an innovative theory by building a mathematical model.

The theory broke the indoor modulus of 100 mm, narrowed to 75 mm.

The measure can reduce the unnecessary waste of space, is of great

significance for the "living environment sustainable design", still need to

in-depth analysis in general. Therefore, "75 mm indoor modulus system"

will be used in container assembly housing for example verification.

Because the container in the spatial scales has strong restrictive, so

compared with the large scale space, the container is more convincing to

verify the adaptability of 75 mm module.

container handling by Integral

hoisting, has characteristics of

good flexibility and convenient

mobility. When it used as

housing units, needs to be

replaced or relocation, without

internal goods transfer, the box

could be lifted by integral

hoisting.

76

[Development Status]

As the container producer and exporter, about 90% of global container

manufactured in China each year. Based on the cost advantage, western

design company choose Chinese manufacturers for custom-made

container unit for living, then back to the project area for building

structures. Due to the custom demand, China has affected by the

international container architecture design concept, more and more

organizations and individuals begin to pay close attention to the

container architecture development, after recent years of development,

the domestic container architecture has initially formed a business.

1) Foreign Ordered Custom Production Company: the companies are

freight container production company, originally commissioned by the

overseas design companies, had mastered the container reconstruction

technologies now. But container units for custom manufacturing

overseas orders are lack of flexibility.

2) The Companies with Independent Research and Development:

Container housing designed and manufactured by design companies.

Although have certain achievements in layout design and interior space

utilization, but the scale of furniture do not match that of rooms.

3) Container Temporary Housing Leasing Company: Temporary rental

houses are primitive, lack of safety.

But the container housing development in China is still in the

exploratory stage, demonstrated market demand. Since containers are

applied only to the temporary housing in construction sites, and did not

form a livable, mature container house, the public awareness for

container housing is not high.

The Reasons for the development gaps between China and European

countries summarized below:

Factors European Countries China

Material sources

Large quantities of goods

imports from Asia by container,

pil ing up a lot of idle containers

at the pier.

One of the largest Container-

producing countries, but due to

the huge export volume from

China, most of the containers

are in the logistics chain.

The level of

construction

industry

development

Higher degree of architectural

industrialization and interior

modular design ideas matured.

Lower degree of architectural

industrialization and interior

modular design ideas matured.

Residential

demand

Self-built housing sufficiently

demanded. By the use of

container for residential

construction, could improve

efficiency and save costs.

Only rural areas has self-built

housing needs, but they are out

of the reach of container

buildings.

Transport

conditions

Since smaller land area, the

transport distance is dominant,

and the containers can be

transported to a higher

proportion of the region.

Land area is large, and mostly

inland, transport costs are high,

and some areas do not have

road transport conditions.

ResultMature, rich of application

cases.

Slow development, l imit of

application case

[Improvement could be done in China]

Choose waste containers which exit logistics circle, to extend the

retirement cycle, reducing the cost of recycling for steel-making, and

promote the sustainable use of container

A general increase in the level of residential design and construction

industry to achieve economy, efficiency and quality balance. And

through the establishment of container construction design

specifications to ensure quality and comfort in a residential level.

The container can be used in the flow-type building construction, such

as disaster relief shelter, rental houses and so on. China has begun to try

the container building for disaster relief, has achieved some results.

Containers for rental housing is currently developing rapidly, but did not

reach a safe, comfortable quality requirements.

Container assembly housing can be built in the coastal to reduce

transportation costs. And also in fringe areas that transportation is

convenient to reduce the pressure in the center of cities.

Easy to build., High construction efficiency due to the use of

prefabricated space.

Container architecture disassembly is much simple than other structures,

and the removed cabinet components can be reuse, the recovery rate is

as high as 90%, greatly reducing the generation of construction waste.

Economic cost savings.

Able to build multi-storey buildings

Using the structure of the container itself as mainly structure can overlay

to 5 layers. With other structures, such as the steel structure framework,

as main structure can be implemented at least 11 layes.

98

[Container]

In 1956, Malcolm McLean, from America, invention created the first

cargo container, and was granted a patent right, setting up a standard

load system between the warehouse and transportation, so as to

improve the efficiency of loading and unloading of goods and greatly

reduce the transit time between the different means of transport. This

design include in the ISO international standard quality system in 1960

and formally widely used in the world.

ISO (international standard Container Container) was made in

accordance with the international standard specifications freight unit, a

unified specification. It can adapt to the rapid loading and unloading

operation and to facilitate international efficient conversion between the

various modes of transportation.

1110

[Container Assembly Flats]

"containers" for the space unit; with "assembly" for the technical means;

to construct "congregate housing"; forming a amalgamated dwelling

through modular assembly.

The so-called "container assembly housing" is the original container

housing with standardization specifications and structural principles, can

be modularly assembled as amalgamated dwelling, not only use freight

containers itself as a structural unit, but also could be replaced by other

materials and structures

The planar scale presents multiple relationships: the length of Marseille

apartment unit is twice the length of 40ft containers, and 1.5 times the

width of the container width.

The core functional spaces of Marseille Apartment could be included in

a 40ft container: the public space on the first floor included kitchen,

dinning room, living room, balconies and a corridor. The private space on

the second floor include a main bed room, two bath rooms, a subaltern

room and a corridor. But the tense interior space of container is

cramped, resulting not enough space for active. Appropriate

adjustments need to do to form a livable, comfortable interior layout.

Marseille Apartment unit

Japan as an extremely scarce of land and resources country, intensive

small apartment is widely used.One of the most representative

is Nakagin Capsule Tower， by Kisho Kurokawa, the founder of

metabolism theory.

Each residence box is lifting on the core barrel poured by concrete, can

be replaced when necessary.

The dimension is

2.3m(W) ╳ 3.8m(L) ╳ 2.1m(H),

smaller than 20ft container size:

2.44m(W) ╳ 6.06m(L) ╳ 2.89m(H).

Each box serve for single. Space features are highly intensive, all the

furniture prefabricated in space, including living, working, entertainment

and storing. However, because of the space is too small, and do not have

chance to let the user adjust the space according to their needs,

resulting in a situation that the use of space capabilities do not match

the needs in terms of living process.

The dimension of apartment units is

24m(L) ╳ 3.6m(W) ╳ 2.4m(H),

similar to container dimension

12m(L) ╳ 2.44m(W) ╳ 2.65m(H).

【】【】

1312

[ Keetwonen in Amsterdam ] [ Student apartment in Australian National University ]

The Apartment for undergraduates is structured by 40ft container. Each

one as a single suit. Two areas divided by the bathroom in the middle:

table and kitchen near the entrance,z living room is near the end. The

design meets the students’ need

Use 40ft container as single suit as well. Compared with Keetwonen, this

project paid more attention on the detail design. Through a combination

of standardized modules, cabinets spatial arrangement appears more

holistic, effectively reducing space waste, improving utilization. Through

the creation of two balconies at the ends, make up the narrow sense of

the space.

[ My space pod]

Compare to the former two cases, this one use 20ft container finish the

combination. The layout is more compact, only set bathroom apart.

Every corner of the room is used as storage. Public kitchen instead of

private one inside the buildind.

[Summary]

Due to this kind of living space in the face of the crowd for college

students, so the indoor layout is relatively simple, cramped, flexible

enough, which is not applicable to a collection of more diverse

residential use demand. But the highly intensive full feature set,

standardization design and build process is worth learning from.

1514

for solving the problem of renting a house in big cities

the difficulty of housing problem growing in big cities in China. For

migrant groups, as a result of labor income and the cost of living in big

cities is serious don't match, in order to reduce the cost of living, they

will choose cheap and economic conditions of rental markets, humble

abode, ant the phenomenon such as appear. This kind of life state, not

only inhibits the group of mental health authority, influence mental state

and passion of life, even a threat to the personal safety and health,

affect social harmony and stability.

Container single apartment design has been relatively mature. Could

providing a solution of the problem of renting a house in big cities.

the space design To adapt to our country's residents living habits

The current mature container space design case are in foreign countries,

we can reference is made to the results of the application. But due to

the users in different areas of the huge differences in behavior and

cognitive way, therefore in the container assembly residential design

application in our country, should study the behaviour of the different

populations and residential demand, targeted to carry on the design. In

view of the differences of Chinese and western cuisine, for example, in

our country, should consider setting up separate cooking in the kitchen

space, so as to adapt to the characteristics of Chinese food cooking

process of large amount of soot.

By means of multiple box tied for combination, make up for the

disadvantages of narrow width

Container internal net width is about 2.33m, compared with the

traditional construction, the width is relatively short, as the bedroom

space, if mishandled, would be easy to produce some questions difficult

to use. Aimed at the disadvantages of narrow width and length, if use

more than one box can expand the width and collocation. Partition can

be set according to the need to be flexible to the secondary space

partition. Aimed at the disadvantages of narrow width and length, the

first to use multiple housing and to expand the space, and then

according to the need set partition for a second division of space, can

enhance flexibility on the container space usage.

1716

[Using ready-made wasted container]

It is the recycle-using on wasted box. This kind of container has been

forced to quit after years in service, showing a different degree of aging.

Therefore，the ones enclosure damaged but with a complete structure

also can be used.

Because they are used for logistics, the containers should have a reform

on their structures. For example，we can make a window by welding

and cutting on the wall, adding a auxiliary support structure

reinforcement and anti-corrosion treatment on body surface , etc.

Though the reforming process need a cost of energy ,it sharply reduces

the pay-out of environment and economy compared with recycled steel.

But the old containers have a certain degree of tearing, so it's best to be

used in high-frequency-changed temporary construction units.

[Using the new container]

We can produce a large-scale of containers according to the need .In

that way, the container-making and house-reforming can be done in a

step, without changing the outside size and making a more livable

interior space.

The container should be done according to the different living space

design, and the Integrated manufacturing includes doors' and Windows'

holes, auxiliary beam structure, chamber wall, ground, ceiling

construction such as insulation and decoration layer, pipeline facilities

and so on.

[Adhere to the modular design, set up by the indoor space to furniture

product module system.]

As the container has a standardized size, which are made for container-

housing , they' re convenient for modular design. Due to the different

specifications of the box body has multiple relations in the size, so we

should seek the common divisor of the standard body's scale , and make

modular space organization in horizontal and vertical direction with the

common divisor as basic construction unit to adapt to the mass

production.

In the design of interior space organization, Through the establishment

of ergonomic and container scale indoor module system, to enrich the

ministry of interior fixation system, product system and furniture to

meet the personalized requirements of different habitant for functional

diversification and style. Through the establishment of a unified module

system, furniture can be combined or exchanged, to increase the

flexibility and diversity of space layout.

[Remain a complete frame structure unit and the international standard

size ]

The steel frame structure completely adapts to the transportation of

integral lifting and neatly packed technical requirements. Frame

structure can ensure the stability of the box body, in the process of

transportation. Vertex of the lifting component can guarantee the

efficiency of handling between different means of transport. The

international standard size meets the requirement of transformation

between the various means of transport in the world.

When designing container assembly house, use single unit as the

structure and dimension unit, for the advantage of handling the entire

body. Therefore, it can adapt to the construction of the factory

prefabrication and site assembly model, guarantee the efficiency of

transportation and construction.

图3.1 废旧集装箱房屋化改造过程（

来源：青岛新空间官网http://www.qingdaonewhouse.com）

In addition, we should also optimize the

structure of body, so that we can

increase the development of vertical

space.

The new containers can be used for 30-

50 years ,which have a much better

durability than the old ones , so they can

also be used as fixed construction。

[Forming a construction mode, precast in factories, assembled at site ]

It can effectively reduce the construction waste, reduce noise pollution,

and improve the efficiency of construction. When it needs to be

replaced or relocation, without transferring internal material box body

can be realized the overall mobile, and removed the cabinet

components but also has the possibility of secondary use, improve the

utilization rate of recycling, effectively reduce the generation of

construction waste..

2120

[Structure advices on container housing]

For the structure of the container housing reform practice, there is no

official standard file, and much of the structure safety study on the

process to transform container into house are academic discussion. A

Harbin industrial university student named Wang Lulu has carried on a

detailed modeling data analysis in the process in her master's degree

thesis. By calculating structure's loading power in vertical and horizontal

direction of the container, she proposed solutions to increase shores

and open holes on the side wall.

Due to the house-reforming object is the container itself, so this paper

argues that the research results can be directly used to guide the design

of the container-house's structure retrofitting.

For container-buildings with no more than six floors .

There is no use to add structure design. Fitting by anchors between each

other , the containers piles in vertical side relying on the structure

loading of themselves. Structure's stability decreased with the layer

number becoming larger. As we know , each layer stresses unevenly ,

and the lower floor endures more pressure than higher ones , bottom

will stress the largest. Therefore, containers on the lower floor should be

chose with a whole body and in good condition, and we have to

reinforce enclosure structure when necessary .

For container-buildings with more than 6 layers.

a frame system matching with the size needs to be established as the

main structure to support body. The main structure framework can have

two forms:

One way is steel frame structure. The structure mode is helpful for

building demolition recycling after the expiration , and they can be

recycled with container-units . At the same time, the flexibility of steel

has advantages in terms of vibration resistance. However, steel structure

needs a higher demand on corrosion resistance execution .That is to say,

There is a certain difficulty in guaranteeing the durability of building.

The other way is concrete frame structures. Concrete is superior to the

steel in the durability and tolerance, but it has a less value and more

complex process in recycling. Therefore, it can be considered as a

permanent building framework, and used in residential buildings with a

long service life.

图3.5 伦敦Uxbridge地区Travelodge酒店的钢结构框架（来源：http://arch.liwai.com/...ry/content-6722-2.htm

2322

Determine where to add columns

The pillar's setting determines the security of container housing's load in vertical direction. A little part of the container's vertical load has been shared

by the container's wall. When reducing a large square of the container's wall, the wall's vertical support will reduce, and we need to set the same

support columns as the corner column under the long beam.

• Schematic of the top rail's reinforcement and the structural support after dismantling container's side panel.

• （source from：http://residentialshippingcontainerprimer.com/action%20it）

For 20ft container, the maximum interval between columns and columns,

columns and the corner columns is that ‘l = 0.8L[14] ’, l for long beam

length. That is, when container's side panel in length is completely

removed, we need to set up a column at this part and the its location is

between 0.2lL to 0.8L .

• Schematic about 20ft and 40ft container column's position in length

Moving range

For 40ft container, the maximum interval between columns and columns,

columns and the corner columns is that ‘l = 1/3L[14] ’, l for long beam

length. That is, when container's side panel in length is completely

removed, we need to set up two columns at this part and its position

should be evenly distributed. When the column's position isn't done like

that, we need add more columns based on the principle of ‘L = 1/3L’

2524

Suggestion for opening holes on side panels

Opening holes in the container's corrugated side panel determines the

security of container-house's horizontal load. According to the study of

horizontal mechanics, the methods to open holes in side panel is as

follows

The size of the side hole should not be greater than 1800mm╳ 1800mm.

When it needs to increase the size, the hole can be divided into two

smaller holes or adding frame beams , and another way is that remove

the container's door and equip up with windows or an entrance door.

• Schematic about opening holes in side panel for 40ft container

• source from：http://residentialshippingcontainerprimer.com/action%20it

• Schematic about removing the container's door , welding steel frame, installing plastics-steel doors and windows

• （source from：http://residentialshippingcontainerprimer.com/action%20it

[The Management For Sound-proof Insulating Layer

the selection of insulating layer

Due to the heat transfer coefficient of steel is very high, therefore, the use of thermal insulation material is the key to ensure container indoor comfort.

Different material has different heat preservation coefficient, and the depth is also different to achieve the same effect of thermal insulation. In order

to mostly save the internal space of the container, We should get the heat preservation materials' coefficient as high as possible to reduce the

insulation layer's thickness. At the same time, we should choose heat preservation material with high security level , such as good fire resistance, good

sound insulation, and strong hydrophobic .

Physical properties

unitHeat preservation material types

Rock wool Glass wool XPS EPS Polyurethane foam Phenolic foam

density Kg/m3 variable variable 25-35 18-22 ≥30 ≥50Coefficient of

thermal conductivity

W/(m·k) ≤0.040 0.038-0.06 ≤0.03 ≤0.041 0.017-0.022 ≤0.03

Bibulous rate %-(vol) ≤3 ≤5.0 ≤1.0 ≤4.0 ≤3.0 ≤7．5Dimensional

stability% variable variable ≤1.0 ≤0.3 ≤1.0 ≤2

Combustion performance

grade A1 non-combustible A ≥B2 ≥B1 ≥B2 A

Recovery value ——Mill grinding for fiber powder first and then mixed to produce

Recycle technologies mature, compaction and granulation before recycled

With physical, chemical and other recovery methods, technology is relatively mature

recycled for the production of new materials

Comprehensive evaluation

——

Fire resistance is good, economic cost is low, but unfavorable to save space, box wall is easy to corrode for the poor impermeability .Recommended for the temporary house with low request and cost

Is a kind of high density foam material, used for external insulation. Recommended for strengthening the construction of exterior wall.

Easy molding, fi l l ing and sealing is good, saving space, adding phosphorus and halogen flame retardant to increase fire resistance. It is recommended to use.

New advanced thermal insulation material, comprehensive performance is good, but the economic cost is higher. Recommended according to the cost.

• Contrast of several common heat preservation material's physical properties

2726

http://residentialshippingcontainerprimer.com/action it

[The set of thermal insulation layer]

Using interior heat preservation processing

The thermal insulation layer are set on the surface of container, and then laid the decorative panel.

Advantage: Without changing the outside dimensions of unit and maximum use the factory parameter setting .It is easy to transport ,which ensures

the efficiency of construction. It has a flexible combination and teardown.

Weakness: Take up the interior space, make originally narrow indoor space more cramped.

Using outside heat preservation processing:

Advantages: maximum saving internal space, and can change the building’s facade style according to need. Suitable for the building with a long life.

Weakness: the interior space need to do sound insulation individually , increase the construction period.

Do the thermal insulation both on interior and exterior :

Advantages: combine internal with external thermal insulation’s advantage ,under the premise of the indoor sound insulation and heat preservation to

ensure the interior space.

Weakness: increase the construction process, and should consider the economic costs.

[recommendations on treatment about interior residential space of container assembly unit]

In this section, we mainly consider the approach to use the internal thermal insulation. We should adjust the thermal insulation layer’s thickness

according to actual needs, and the other part will be done in the same way.

The practice of metope

The decorating surface is divided into two areas: one is the living space and the other is kitchen and toilet space. Living space can use gypsum board,

wood and fire prevention board, and gypsum board is relatively common, because it can guarantee the container interior space with traditional

building types on the sensory living space; Kitchen and toilet space are demand with waterproof and fire prevention, therefore decorating surface

should use the fire prevention board or ceramic tile in small size, and the base course needs done waterproof processing. Specific way is shown in

figure below.

Practice of building’s external wall Practice of building’s internal wall

The side of keeping the end wall as solid wall

The side of Removing end panel and installing windows and the door

The side of keeping the door as solid wall

The side of removing the cargo door and installing windows and the door

Make holes in the wall and install windows

• Details about wall renovation

• Source from ：http://residentialshippingcontainerprimer.Com/action%20it

2928

The practice of ground

As the container should be removed by freight , its bottom must have a

strong load ability to be capable of carrying the weight of the indoor

furniture and users. In order to ensure the internal height of the

container , we should use the bottom beam space of itself for thermal

insulation layer and then laid the ground decoration panel. Floor usually

adopt wooden floor , and add floor support keel if necessary. Particular

way is shown in figure below.

• the practice of ground

• source from：http://residentialshippingcontainerprimer.com/action%20it）

The practice of ceiling

Ceiling is of similar practice to metope, That is using steel keel to hang

decorative panel and filling thermal insulation material. Living space’s

decoration panel adopts veneer board, gypsum board, and mineral wool

board, etc., while kitchen and toilet space uses gusset plate and mineral

wool board, etc. Particular way is shown in figure below.

• the practice of ceiling

• source from：http://residentialshippingcontainerprimer.com/action%20it

3130

By survey a random distribution, the questionnaire scope including a part

of first second and third class cities and towns in China, including adult

residents of all ages, sending out 500 questionnaires, recycling effective

questionnaire 417 copies. The questionnaires are in view of the four

aspects. the public housing demand, housing purchasing power, intensive

living space and neighborhood Shared space. Through Summary analysis

of the questionnaire data, explored the living space design principles for

different people, as to provide theoretical basis for the follow-up design

work.

This research chiefly understand the public common residential demand,

just to find out the rigid demand target. In the subsequent housing design,

should be mainly aimed at them. The rigid demand housing including two

parts, the first set of housing and improved housing. Different space

design principle should be according to different types of space user, the

questionnaire respondents be divided into two classes, on one hand the

demands of ‘who with out house property’ are basic requirements, on

the other hand, the demands of ‘who want to replace the only one house

property’ are further requirements. By identifying potential target, to

explore suitable key points of living space design.

Research results summarized below:

Targets What do they need?Desire

levelDesign Principles

Houseless people

Economic pressure to buy a house;Focus on economy;Less demanding for

comfort.

Very

high

The first one for basic need

Intensive units Fully functional areas

Ventilation and lighting

House

owners

20-60㎡

House area constraint function development;Urgent need for fully functional l iving space;There are requirements

for comfort.

High

A better one for better

l iving.

Fully functional areas Intensive units

Spacious space

60-90㎡

Insufficient space There are requirements

for comfort

Less

high

Quality Ribbon Cozy

Spacious

90-120

㎡

Have a comfortable l iving place,There is high demand

for quality.

Low

Balancing quality Cozy

Easy to use

>120㎡Very

lowNot the focus

By the above research concluded, the larger the living area, the higher

requirement of residential comfort, the lower reception of intensive

residential. Namely residential comfort to a certain extent, by the living

area. But according to the economical efficiency, only 12.1% of

questionnaire respondents are reject intensive residential.

Based on different requirements for living comfort and economical

efficiency, here sets up a multi-level function-space system. In the

system, in order to meet the demand of living function as the basic

premise, the people and the functional space corresponding to the

different living behavior, guarantee the living space can provide places

for all living behavior, by improving the independence of the function

area as the means to improve the living quality.

1）Build complete residential behavior demand level.

2）Establish a complete functional areas.

3）Build a multi-level composite function space.

4）Constructing a multi-level house type based on the complex function.

3534

BEHAVIOR DEMAND SPACE FUNCTION SORT OF STORAGE

GRADED COMBINED FUNCTION SPACES

3RD GRADE COMBINATION

2ND GRADE COMBINATION

1ST GRADE COMBINATION

BATH

RO

OM

DIN

NIN

G A

REA

CO

MB

INED

A

REA

BA

LCO

NY

BED

RO

OM

KITCH

EN

LIVIN

G R

OO

M

BATH

RO

OM

BA

LCO

NY

PH

YSIOLO

GICA

L

Sleep Sleeping area Bedding Bedroom

Eat Dining area Snacks, napkins Dining Room

Go To Stool Toilet area Toilet articles Toilet

BathBathing area Toiletries Bathroom

Vanity area Wash

MA

TERIA

LLY

Facial Barber Zone Barber Supplies Dresser

DressingDressing area Clothing, shoes, bags

ClosetIroning area Ironing Supplies

Cook Cooking area Condiments, kitchenware

Kitchen Prepare For Meal Pantry area Ingredients, utensils

WashLaundry area Cleaning Products

Balcony Drying area Laundry supplies

Clean Cleaning areaCleaning Supplies

Recycling waste category

Store Debris zone Not commonly used items Storage

SPIR

ITUA

L

Study\Work WorkspaceBooks, school supplies, electronic equipment

Study

EntertainmentEntertainment area

Entertainment, gaming facilities

Entertainment Room

Audiovisual AreaMultimedia devices, Circuit equipment, etc.

Living RoomMeet Visitors Living area Snacks, tea, etc。

LAYOUT SETTING COMPACT `ECONOMIC SPACIOUS

On the basis of one TEU space unit, the inside usable floor area is about

12 ㎡. According to the use of different number of people, the house

type can be divided into three categories, compact, economical and

spacious.

AREA TARGET 1 TEU

1.5 TEU

2 TEU 3 TEU 4 TEU 5 TEU 6 TEU9-11 TEU

SINGLE APARTMENT

COM-1

ECO-1 SPA-1 / / / /

COUPLE SUIT / /COM-

2ECO-2 SPA-2 / /

FAMILY OF THREE PEOPLE

/ / /COM-

3 ECO-3 SPA-3 /

FAMILY FOR 3 GENERATIONS

/ / / / /COM-

4 ECO-4 SPA-4

[Container split principle]

Due to 20ft container with 40ft container on planar dimension shows

multiple relationship, therefore, in the use of container door model split,

horizontal displacement fixed as a box body width, which is about 2.4

m. Specific case split type as shown in the figure below.

40ft

40ft

40ft

40ft

40ft

40ft

20ft

20ft

20ft

20ft

20ft

20ft

20ft

3736

At present, the widespread construction module is M = 300 mm, for

indoor space appear too big. If apply this module, easy to cause the

space waste and use difficulties. Interior space scale and closely related

to people's behavior, especially in residential space, human life behavior

very finely, indoor scale should requires interior behaviors. Therefore,

compared with construction scale, that of the interior space, items is

more detail. So a more detailed module system need to be build for

indoor space.

In the process of residential design standardization in our country, the

standardization of indoor is still at the preliminary exploration stage, has

not yet formed complete supporting system of indoor module. In this

topic, in order to implement the container assembly residential modular

design, we need to explore and establish module system adapt to the

container housing size.

In the former study for sustainable living space design, there are

some exploration for indoor modulus, but neither in-depth study

for interior space modulus determined by people's behavior, nor form

the unwritten rules of the common. In all indoor modulus proposed, the

point of 100mm is higher recognized.

Made a deep rethinking of modulus adapt to indoor space, the

researcher Wang Chenya, master of fine arts, from Tsinghua University,

put forward the point of view that indoor module should be" 75 mm " in

her thesis "university graduate research on public housing interior

module design supporting system" in 2013. The study coordinated the

relationship of size between construction module, facilities and furniture,

life behavior, ergonomics and materials, formed "housetype - supporting

facilities and furniture - behavior - item" multifaceted interior supporting

system.

BASE MODULE EXAGGERATED MODULE FRACTION MODULE

4M 5M 6M 7M 8M 9M 10M 11M 13M 17M 19M 1/15M 1/5M 1/3M

75 300 375 450 525 600 675 750 825 975 1275 1425 5 15 25

150 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 1950 10 30 50

225 900 1125 1350 1575 1800 2025 15 45 75

300 1200 1500 1800 2100 20 60 100

[Sequences of ‘75mm Interior Module System’ ]

The study based on the measurement of 75 mm, through the

establishment of standardized size of indoor furniture and product,

resolve the interior layout and interior dimension problems which

caused by the mismatch between interior space and facilities. Such as,

lack of necessary functional space, the scale is too big or too small, the

unnecessary functions occupy limited space, Storage space obviously

inadequate. In addition, based on the establishment of the system, the

researchers try to solve the demands of public housing requirements

from university graduates, including:

can achieve 'interior design of form a complete set' of systematic;

to meet the demand of batch and economic configuration and

production;

to meet the different needs of all variety of population structure and

demand level;

functionality intensive, both comfort and small scale;

increased flexibility for indoor layout;

moderately reflect the style of different tendencies, meet different

people's style preferences.

Distance of architectural axis: 300x

Structure thickness: t1

Facing material thickness: t2

Interior dimension: 300(x-1)+(300-t1-t2)

Modular dimension: 300(x-1)

Elastic dimension: 300-t1-t2

[Interior Space Size Computation Formula]

4140

[The selection of container size]

it is observed that，focus on the chamber size , the most suitable cube

for a living space is 40ft high cube, 30ft high cube and 20ft high

cube. The internal height of 2.655 m comply meets the residential

demand.

TYPEOutside size Inside size

Length Width Hight Length Width Hight

40ftHign cube

1AAA

12192

2438

2896

11998

2330

2655

40ftStandard cube

1AA 2591 2350

40ftShort cube

1A 2438 2197

30ftHign cube

1BBB

9125

2896

8931

2655

30ftStandard cube

1BB 2591 2350

30ftShort cube

1B 2438 2197

20ftHign cube

6058

2896

5867

2655

20ftStandard cube

1CC 2591 2350

20ftShort cube

1C 2438 2197

International standard case has the same width, while the length

presents a multiple relationship. Due to the container would produce

a=3/4in clearance while collocating in length, so the relationship

between body size calculated as below:

40ft=40-0a；

29ft11/4in=30ft-a;

19ft11/2in=20ft-2a；

9ft13/4in=20ft-3a.

Due to the international and domestic are used widely in 20ft and 40ft

container, and 40ft container is twice large than 20ft container:

2╳L(20ft)=L(40ft)，

So in this research, 20ft high cube and 40ft high cube was taken as the

standard dimension, setting up the module size of container assembly

unit residential space.

[The determination of indoor dimension grid]

With the length, width and height as the direction, in the interior space,

the same direction with the width of the container is the transverse

dimension, the same direction with the length of the container is the

longitudinal dimension, and the same direction with the height of the

container as the vertical dimension.

To apply M: 75 mm indoor modulus theory into container assembly

residence, need for "75 mm" theory to do some adaptation, as one of

the main parts: the establishment of the "M: 75 mm module system is

based on common building scale modulus" 300 mm "as the foundation,

and the container size on the width is not in conformity with the axis

dimension" 300x ".

Interior space net size, however, is the important factors that affect

indoor module directly. when calculating the interior net size, researcher

of ‘M: 75 mm module system’ join the concept of flexible space. Namely,

interior space D is equal to the net size axis size minus the architectural

structure thickness t1 and interior finishing material thickness t2, the

formula

D=300 x - t1, t2,

and the dimension of the t1 and t2 according to different materials of

uncertainty, therefore, in the interior space net size includes two

parts: modulus space and elastic space. The existence of the elastic size

makes the module system generality.

While taking the algorithm into container scales, the problem is

container sizes do not meet '300x'. But elastic dimension give flexibility

to the system.

Therefore, in the container assembly residential design, also need to set

up the indoor space and flexibility modulus. To facilitate the calculation

expression, set '75x' for the effective modulus size , 't1' for the thickness

of the wall structure, 't2' for interior finishing material thickness.

4342

[The elastic dimension]

The thickness of the wall structure of t1 mainly include box, cavity and

inside insulation wall. The thickness of thermal insulation layer are key

determinants of wall thickness. When the heat preservation material

constant, the stronger the insulation, thermal insulation layer is thicker.

To achieve equal heat preservation effect, thermal insulation layer

thickness also varies with the heat preservation material.

For the determination of thermal insulation layer thickness, J.D.Smith

from architectural environment department , Brighton University, texted

the thermal insulation properties of 20ft standard container in the

dissertation ‘Shipping Containers As Building Components’ in 2006.

Comparing with the national construction insulation performance

standards "BS EN ISO6946", identified the different wall thickness using

different insulation materials, as well as the internal space effectively

while meet standard insulation parameters. Take 20ft TEU for example,

when using rock wool as insulation material with high density

plasterboard and metope paint for interior surface materials,

the unilateral structure wall thickness: 1/2·t1=117mm,

thickness of veneer, 1/2·t2=13mm,

wall total thickness t1 + t2=260mm .

[The transverse dimension]

2330mm has certain limitations while use as residential space. The

width should be increased by transverse collocation of more than 1 case.

When N containers tied together, indoor net size formula is:

W=N·2438 - t1- t2=[N·2100+(N-1)·300]+[(N-1)·38+338-t1- t2]

[The longitudinal dimension]

For 20ft: L=N·6058-t1-t2=[N·5700+(N-1)·300]+[(N-1)·58+358-t1-t2]

For 40ft: L=N·12192-t1-t2=[N·11850+(N-1)·300]+[(N-1)·42+342-- t1- t2]

[The vertical dimension]

In this study, high cube was selected, the ceiling height is 2655 mm. Due

to the heat preservation and thermal insulation for container space both

inside and outside (specific content in chapter 3), as a result, the height

of 2655 mm basic completely can be used as ceiling height. In the theory

of M: 75 mm, the vertical grid size determined according to the scale of

human body engineering, applied in container, only need to reduced the

ceiling height accordingly.

[Mesh generation]

Module dimension Elastic dimension



The ceiling of living room/the topofwall cupboard

The ceiling of kitchen/bathroom

The top ofwindowThebottom ofwall cupboardTheheight of door/chest/high shelf

Thebottom of kitchen cupboard

Thebottom ofwindowTheheight of kitchen worktopTheheight of tables

Theheight of chair/bedTheheight of sofaTheheight of short chair

Theheight of finished floorTheheight of original floor

4544

㎡， ╳

Kitchen: Cooking + dining + food storage pantry;

Living room： sleep + parlor + Leisure + work and study + storage; Bathroom: toilet + shower; Balcony: drying laundry + Cleaning.

Advantages: fully functional, leisure to invite a visitor.Faults: long space in strips, opened kitchen

Opinions from survey questionnaire: Restricted space, the layout is satisfactory, ventilated daylighting is bad, the overall evaluation is ordinary.

㎡， ╳ ，


Living room： sleep + dressing + work and study + storage; Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing + laundry + Cleaning;

Advantages: separated kitchen and bathroom.Faults: simple functions in l ivingroom.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: Restricted space, the layout is satisfactory, the overall evaluation is ordinary.

㎡， ╳ ，

Shared Kitchen: Cooking + dining + food storage pantry; Shared Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing + laundry + Cleaning;

Bedroom*2 ： sleep + dressing + work and study + storage;

Advantages: Due to the shared kitchen and bathroom, Activity space is relatively abundant.

Faults: not obvious.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: Satisfied

In view of the former two principles about set inside area and container

split approach, to explore a variety of combinations of container, to

complete the preliminary exploration of the house.

At this stage, only at the layout level to explore functional layout,

belongs to the stage of preliminary design. Only explore the

layout conforms to the modulus‘ dimension, not performance the

flexibility and specific engineering practice temporarily.

After determined the typical plans, in-depth design, readjustment and

engineering practice will be explored postamble.

[Adjustment according to the social acceptance feedback]

In order to further improve the social acceptance of container assembly

house, designers finish plan design firstly according to design experience

for the stage of preliminary design, and then made the questionnaire,

collecting feedback about the plans, area, function layout, ventilation,

lighting, and the overall evaluation scores from potential target groups.

Finally we came up with the guidance suggestion for the in-depth design.

This research issued and recycled 252 effective questionnaires. The

specific content of the questionnaire in Annex D

4746

㎡， ╳ ╳

Entrance: Shoes and bags storage.Kitchen: Cooking + dining + food storage pantry;

Living room： sleep + parlor + Leisure + work and study + storage; Bathroom: toilet + shower; Balcony: drying laundry + Cleaning.

Advantages: independent functional space, enough for activity.Faults: not obvious.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: satisfied with each factor.

㎡， ╳

SPA-1-COM-2-A


Living room： parlor + Leisure + work and study; Bedroom: sleep + reading + storage;Dressing room: dressing + drying + storgeBathroom: toilet + shower + laundry + Cleaning + storage;

Advantages: independent functional space, enough for activity.Faults: the space is too long.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: satisfied with the acreage, but not with the proportion of space..

4948

㎡， ╳

SPA-1-COM-2-C

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage pantry + laundry + Cleaning ;

Living room： parlor + Leisure + dining; Bedroom: sleep + dressing + reading + storage;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage;

Advantages: Function to be complete, daylighting is good. Faults: not obvious.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: satisfied with ventilation and daylighting, the acreage is a bit small .

㎡， ╳

SPA-1-COM-2-B

Kitchen: Cooking + dining + food storage pantry + laundry;

Living room： parlor + Leisure + work and study + sleep + dressing + storage;Bathroom: toilet + shower + Cleaning + storage;

Balcony： leisure + hang out

Advantages: Scattered layout breaks the long and narrow sense, clear partition, flexible space.Faults: the space is too long.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: satisfied with the average.

㎡， ╳

SPA-1-COM-2-D

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage pantry + laundry + Cleaning ;

Living room： parlor + Leisure + dining; Bedroom: sleep + dressing + reading + storage;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage;

Advantages: Function almost complete, activity zoning is reasonable. Faults: Wall reconstruction is complicated.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: satisfied with ventilation and daylighting, the acreage is a bit small.

5150

㎡， ╳

SPA-1-COM-2-E

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage + parlor + dining; Bedroom: sleep + dressing + reading + storage;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage; Balcony: laundry + Cleaning

Advantages: Function to be complete, the privacy of bedroom is good. Faults: no living room.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: satisfied with average.

㎡， ╳

SPA-1-COM-2-F

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage pantry + dining; Bedroom: sleep + leisure

Study： study and work + storage + dressing;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage;Balcony: laundry + Cleaning

Advantages: Function almost complete, activity zoning is reasonable. Faults: dining space not fixed.


㎡， ╳

ECO-2-A

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage pantry + dining; Living area: parlor + leisureBedroom: sleep

Study： study and work + storage + dressing;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage;Balcony: laundry + Cleaning

Advantages: Function complete, activity zoning is reasonable, quiet bedroom area,. Faults: entrance in kitchen, toilet door face dining area.


㎡， ╳

ECO-2-B

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage pantry;Dining room: dining; Bedroom: sleep + leisure + parlor + study;

Study： study and work;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage;Balcony: laundry + Cleaning

Advantages: Function complete, activity zoning is reasonable. Faults: entrance in kitchen, study without daylight.


5352

ECO-2-C

㎡， ╳ ╳

ECO-2-D

㎡， ╳ ╳

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage Dining room: dining; Living + Bedroom:parlor + leisure + work + sleep + storage;Dressing room: dressing Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage; Balcony: laundry + Cleaning + leisure

Advantages: Function to be complete, separated dressing room. Faults: no entrance storage.


Kitchen: Cooking + food storage + diningStudy area: work and study; Living room: parlor + leisure Bedroom: work + sleep + dressing + storage;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage; Balcony: laundry + Cleaning + leisure

Advantages: Function to be complete, separated dressing room. Faults: no entrance storage.


5554

SPA-2-A

㎡， ╳

SPA-2-B

㎡， ╳

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage Dining room: dining; Living room: parlor + leisure Study: workBedroom: sleep + dressing + storage;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage; Balcony: laundry + Cleaning + leisure

Advantages: Function to be complete, big kitchen. Faults: bedroom is a bit small.


Kitchen: Cooking + food storage Dining room: dining; Living room: parlor + leisure Study: workBedroom: sleep + storage;Dressing room: dressing + ironing;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage; Balcony: laundry + Cleaning + leisure

Advantages: Flexible space, separated dressing room, quality bedroom. Faults: mixed space of l iving room, study, dining room and kitchen.


5756

㎡， ╳

COM-3-A COM-3-B COM-3-C

㎡， ╳

㎡， ╳

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage Living room: parlor + leisure + diningBedroom: sleep + dressing + storage + study;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage; Balcony: dry the clothes

Advantages: Meets functional requirement, big master room. Faults: l iving room without daylight, open kitchen.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: almost satisfied.

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage Living room: parlor + leisure + diningBedroom: sleep + dressing + study;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ laundry; Balcony: dry the clothes

Advantages: Meets functional requirement, big l iving room. Faults: not obviousOpinions from survey questionnaire: almost satisfied.

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage Living room: parlor + leisure Dining room: diningBedroom: sleep + dressing + study;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ laundry; Balcony: dry the clothes

Advantages: Meets functional requirement. Faults: Low util ization in entrance, long corridorOpinions from survey questionnaire: almost satisfied.

5958

ECO-3-A

㎡， ╳

SPA-3-A

㎡， ╳ ╳

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage Living room: parlor + leisure +

Dining room： diningBedroom╳2: sleep + dressing + storageStudy： study;Bathroom: toilet + shower + washing+ storage; Balcony: dry the clothes

Advantages: Break the narrow width, layout and proportion are comfortable. Faults: not obvious.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: very satisfied.

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage

Dining room： diningLiving room: parlor + leisure +

Study： study;Storage: storage

Bedroom ╳2 : sleep + dressing + storageBathroom ╳2 : toilet + shower + washing+ storage; Balcony: dry the clothes

Advantages: Break the narrow width of container, every room is comfortable. Faults: not obvious.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: very satisfied.

6160

SPA-3-B

㎡， ╳ ╳

㎡， ╳ ╳

COM-4-A

Kitchen: Cooking + food storage + mini bar

Dining room： diningLiving room: parlor + leisure + Storage: storage

Bedroom ╳2 : sleep + dressing + storageBathroom ╳2 : toilet + shower + washing+ storage; Study： study;Balcony: dry the clothes

Advantages: big master set, storage, subdivision of functional rooms. Faults: Linear traffic inconvenience.



Dining room： diningLiving room: parlor + leisure + Storage: storage

Bedroom ╳3 : sleep + dressing + storageBathroom : toilet + shower + washing+ storage;

Study： study;Balcony: laundry + dry the clothes

Advantages: storage, every room is comfortable. Faults: not obvious.


6362

ECO-4-A

㎡， ╳

ECO-4-B

㎡， ╳


Dining room： diningLiving room: parlor + leisureStorage: storage


Advantages: master set, the proportion of rooms is comfortable. Faults: Linear traffic inconvenience.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: every part is satisfied.


Dining room： diningLiving room: parlor + leisureStorage: storage


Advantages: master set, the proportion of rooms is comfortable. Faults: Linear traffic inconvenience.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: every part is satisfied, especially the ventilated and daylighting.

6564

SPA-4-A

㎡， ╳ ╳


Dining room： diningLiving room: parlor + leisure + tea area + partyStorage: storage

Bedroom ╳4 : master room + elderly room + child room + staff room.Bathroom ╳2 : visitors’ toilet + master bathroom + ; Study room: work

Advantages: Complete function subdivision. Faults: Linear traffic inconvenience.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: completely satisfied.

6766

SPA-4-B

㎡， ╳ ╳


Dining room： diningLiving room: parlor + leisure + tea area + partyStorage: storage

Bedroom ╳4 : master room + elderly room + child room + staff room.Bathroom ╳2 : visitors’ toilet + master bathroom + ; Study room: work

Advantages: Complete function subdivision. Faults: Linear traffic inconvenience.

Opinions from survey questionnaire: completely satisfied.

according to the research about the social recognition of the concept of

"container house", said 97.8% of those understand what is a container,

among them, 69.84% of people know or heard of ‘container house’.

Shows that the recognition and understanding of container house is not

clear enough.

In addition, most people can choose whether to accept the container

according to the situation. This can be determined, the acceptance for

container assembly house is closely related to the technology

of transform steel boxes to houses.

From the perspective of the overall score of every plan, can be found

that the public for the recognition of container residence has the

following trends:

1. The larger the usable floor area, the higher the recognition;

2. In the same area, the smaller of aspect ratio, the higher of the

recognition;

3. The higher the degree of independence of space, the higher

recognition;

4. More comprehensive functions, higher recognition.

Analysis the reason, largely due to the evaluation system is witout the

economic factors.

6968

According to the results summarized in the previous section, considering

the research score, typical models were selected for further design and

adjustment. Thorough design includes the size of the container attribute

coordinate, function layout optimization design, etc.

㎡， ╳ ，

A A

B

B

C

C

7170

Elevation A-A

Elevation B-B

Elevation C-C

㎡， ╳ ╳

B

A

B

A

7372

Elevation A-A Elevation B-B

㎡， ╳

SPA-1-COM-2-C

A

A

B

B

7574

Elevation A-A

Elevation B-B

A

A

B

B

㎡， ╳

ECO-2-E

7776

Elevation A-A

Elevation B-B

SPA-2-B

㎡， ╳

A

BB

D

D

C

C

A

7978

Elevation A-A Elevation B-B Elevation C-C Elevation D-D

COM-3-C

㎡， ╳

A

A

B

B

8180

Elevation A-A

Elevation B-B

BB

A

A

ECO-3-A

㎡， ╳

8382


SPA-3-A

㎡， ╳ ╳

B

B

C

C

A A

8584

AA

BB

㎡， ╳ ╳

COM-4-A

8786

Elevation A-A

Elevation B-B Elevation C-C

8988

Elevation A-A

Elevation B-B

AAB

B

9190

ECO-4-A

㎡， ╳

9392

Elevation A-A

Elevation B-B

9796


Elevation C-C Elevation D-D

This paper discussed the container transformation from waste

cases to residential units in the background of residential

industrialization in china, and the possibility of "container

assembly residential development in China. Specific research is

embodied in the following aspects:

1 ） Summarized the background and current situation of the

development of container assembly residential. then The proposed the

develop direction of container housing in China.

2）Summarized the technical implementation method of container

assembly residential construction, Solved the attribute transition

of container from freight space to residential property. Includes，case

selection advices, advices on enclosure structure transformation, the

choice of thermal insulation layer, indoor interface modification

Suggestions, etc. provides basic technical support. For container

assembly house.

3）Through extensive social survey, make sure potential users of

container assembly residence. And summarize their different living

demand, then formed a multi-level system of container assembly house

as design basis. Finally finish the whole container assembly

residential unit.

In addition, in view of the "living environment sustainable design"

continuity characteristics of research, this article also applied the related

research achievements of "75 mm indoor module system" concept,

through making the necessary readjustment while practicing,

demonstrated the applicability of M=75mm' theory in the area of

interior design.

Hope this article research could give guidance to design and use

of container assembly housing, and advocate the sustainable design

pattern of intensive resource residential, promoting and improving the

development of housing industry in China.

100

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