Tema 10 - Epidemiología

download Tema 10 - Epidemiología

of 25

Transcript of Tema 10 - Epidemiología

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    1/25

    !"#$ &'( ")*+"#*,-,.!""#$%&'$()(*+,- .(/.(1 "/2&3'&%,%&4 03,/4'$4$5)&4 %& ',6(3 $/.$%&/.$, &/ ),#(5),.$7/ &4#,8(),- 0$#(4 6 .,3,.0&3+40$.,41 "/2&3'&%,%&4 %& %&.),3,.$7/ (5)$*,0(3$,1

    9(.&/0&- :,'7/ ;(33&/0&

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    2/25

    D$40&',4 %& %&.),3,.$7/ %& &/2&3'&%,%&4U-6-+2$%-2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2

    G&4 V2%-#$2+ 4& U-6-+2$%-2 )'-4&5-#+.6-%2 =G)VWU)AG&4 "2$21-2 4& U-6-+2$%-2 )'-4&5-#+.6-%2 =G"U)A)$C&15&424&0 4& I&%+212%-.$ SK+-62(#1-2 =)ISAV,&*# +-0(24# 4& )$C&15&424&0 4& I&%+212%-.$ SK+-62(#1-2I&0211#++24# '#1 &+ "&$(1# ),1#' 4& X1&*&$%-.$ Y "#$(1#+ =)"I"AW'1#K24# '#1 &+ "#$0&Z# L$(&1(&11-(#1-2+ 4&+ OVO &0'2[#+ &$ \@>] O-(,2%-#$&0 &'-495-%20 # K1#(&0O-0(&520 )0'&%7C-%#0 4& U-6-+2$%-2 )'-4&5-#+.6-%2

    O-0(&520 4& *-6-+2$%-2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 4&+ OLIWO-0(&52 )0'&%7C-%# 4& U-6-+2$%-2 )'-4&5-#+.6-%2 4& +2 ,K&1%,+#0-0

    E$5)$(*3,2+,

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    3/25

    !"#$%'(')*+

    B(/.(

    _2 &'-4&5-#+#672 &0 ,$2 4-0%-'+-$2 (12$0*&102+ 4&+ J5K-(# 02$-(21-# `,& /2 %#$C-6,124# +2-$*&0(-62%-.$ %,2$(-(2(-*2 Y `,& 0,'#$& +2 '1-$%-'2+ C,&$(& 4& %#$#%-5-&$(# '212 +2 02+,4'QK+-%2 Y +2 '1&*&$%-.$M I&04& 0, $2%-5-&$(# %#5# 4-0%-'+-$2 594-%2a /2 0-4# 4&C-$-42 &$$,5&1#020 #%20-#$&0 '#1 4-*&10#0 2,(#1&0M_2 '1-5&12 4&C-$-%-.$ 4& &'-4&5-#+#672 '1#K2K+&5&$(& +2 4-# F$34.G HIJJKLb !"#%&'()*+(*," %& -# .(!))&"(*#/ %*'0)*1!(*," 2 0*+.' %& &"3&)4&%#%&' 5!& #3&(0#" #- 6.41)&/

    &" %*'0*"0#' 7+.(#' %&- 0*&4+. 2 &" %*3&)&"0&' +!"0.' %& -# '!+&)3*(*& 0&))&'0)& 8999: 2 -#'

    ;#-.)#(*."&' %& &'#' &"3&)4&%#%&' (." -#' (."%*(*."&' 2 # -# 1B'5!&%# %& -.' 470.%.' %&

    *"0&);&"(*," 4?' &3*(#(&'M )0(2 &0 ,$2 4& +20 4&C-$-%-#$&0 5J0 (&$-420 &$ %,&$(2 &$ +2

    2%(,2+-424M

    "Y()U.$7/ G$4073$.,

    W '&021 4& 0&1 ,$2 4-0%-'+-$2 Z#*&$a 2 +# +216# 4& 0, /-0(#1-2 +2 &'-4&5-#+#672 /2 0,C1-4#,$2 &*#+,%-.$ %#$ -5'#1(2$(&0 %25K-#0 &$ 0, '+2$(&25-&$(#M

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    4/25

    O&6Q$ DU44&3 Y DU44&3 HINNWL 0& 4-0(-$6,&$ ] 612$4&0 &(2'20 &*#+,(-*20 4& +2&'-4&5-#+#672b

    IL

    "0,#, %& ), &40,%+40$., 4,/$0,3$, HG,40, IJJVL)+ '1-5&1 &0(,4-# &'-4&5-#+.6-%# 42(2 4&+ 0M dULLa +# 1&2+-c. Z3,U/0 HIWWOLY &$ 9+ 0&&0(,4-2K2$ +20 '1-$%-'2+&0 %2,020 4& 5,&1(& &$ _#$41&0M I&04& &$(#$%&0a Y /20(2&+ 0M dLd 2'&$20 0& ',K+-%21#$ ,$ '21 4& &0(,4-#0M

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    5/25

    "40,%+40$., 4,/$0,3$,HG,40, IJJVL

    "#$%&'$()(*+, &/241A/2&..$(4,4 HIJJV , INSVL

    "#$%&'$()(*+, &/241.37/$.,4 H%&4%& INSVL

    C5a&0( %&&40U%$( X#K+2%-#$&0 )$C&15&424&0 L$4-*-4,#

    "0$()(*+, 8-20520 W6&$(&0 5-%1#K-#+.6-%#0 )N'#0-%-#$&0 2 5Q+(-'+&0C2%(#1&0 4& 1-&06#

    T,0(*&/$, e$-%2,02+ e$-%2,02+ 8,+(-%2,02+;3,0,'$&/0( V-$6,$# W$(-K-.(-%#0

    X1&'2124#0 2+-5&$(-%-#0:#+70(-%#

    T3&Y&/.$7/ O2$&25-&$(#:-6-&$&

    U2%,$20W-0+25-&$(#

    )4,%2%-.$ 02$-(21-2X1#5#%-.$ 4& +2 02+,4X1#612520 '1&*&$(-*#0

    M$/&4 %& ), $%&'$()(*+,

    M )N2%(-(,4\M "+20-C-%2%-.$]M

    G2c#$25-&$(#fM

    V#152+-424FM

    G&'1&0&$(2(-*-4245L

    M$/&4 #3b.0$.(4>M "#$(1-K,-1 2 +2 &+&%%-.$ 4& 5&Z#1&0 59(#4#0 4-26$.0(-%#0

    \M

    L4&$(-C-%21 +2 526$-(,4 4& +2 &$C&15&424]M I&0%,K1-1 +20 %2,020 4& +20 &$C&15&424&0 Y 4& 0, '&152$&$%-2fM

    )*2+,21 +2 &C-%2%-2 4& +#0 '1#612520 4& 02+,4FM

    _+&*21 2 %2K# +2 *-6-+2$%-2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 &0(,4-2$4# +2 &*#+,%-.$ (&5'#12+ 4&+#0 C&$.5&$#0 4& 02+,4

    O&6Q$ T$=%3(),a +#0 C-$&0 4& +2 &'-4&5-#+#672 0#$b>M )0(2K+&%&1 +2 526$-(,4 Y 4-0(1-K,%-.$ 4& +2 02+,4;&$C&15&424\M L4&$(-C-%21 +#0 4&(&15-$2$(&0 4& +2 02+,4;&$C&15&424]M "#5'+&(21 %,241#0 %+7$-%#0fM L4&$(-C-%21 $,&*20 &$C&15&424&0

    FM

    U2+#121 +20 '1,&K20 4-26$.0(-%20EM

    I&0%1-K-1 +2 /-0(#1-2 $2(,12+ 4& +2 &$C&15&424 Y +#0 4&(&15-$2$(&0 4& 0, %,10#HM

    )*2+,21 +2 &C-%2%-2 4& +20 -$(&1*&$%-#$&0 02$-(21-20?M

    X+2$-C-%2%-.$ 02$-(21-2DM

    WY,421 &$ +2 &$0&[2$c2>@M8&(#4#+#672 4& +2 -$*&0(-62%-.$

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    6/25

    Q=0(%( $%&'$()7*$.(

    )+ 59(#4# &'-4&5-#+.6-%# &0 +2 5&(#4#+#672 '212 ++&*21 2 %2K# +2 -$*&0(-62%-.$ &$

    &'-4&5-#+#672M I&1-*2 4&+ 59(#4# %-&$(7C-%# Y 0, 2'+-%2%-.$ 0& /2 &N(&$4-4# 2 ,$2 612$'21(& 4& +2 -$*&0(-62%-.$ K-#02$-(21-2M _2 5&(#4#+#672 %,2$(-(2(-*2 4& +2 -$*&0(-62%-.$4&1-*2 4&+ 59(#4# &'-4&5-#+.6-%#M

    >M

    C54&3Y,.$7/4&+ C&$.5&$#M O& #K0&1*2 &+ C&$.5&$# `,& 0& '1&(&$4& &0(,4-21 Y 0&1&%#6&$ 42(#0 0#K1& &+ 5-05#M

    \M

    M(3'U),.$7/ 4& /-'.(&0-0a %#$ &+ C-$ 4& &$(&$4&1 +20 %2,020 4&+ C&$.5&$# 0&&+2K#12 ,$2 /-'.(&0-0 2 '21(-1 4& +#0 42(#0 1&%#6-4#0M

    ]M "R#&3$'&/0,.$7/ Y %#$(120(& 4& /-'.(&0-0M O& %#$C-152 # 4&0%21(2 +2 /-'.(&0-0'+2$(&242 5&4-2$(& +2 1&'1#4,%%-.$ 4&+ C&$.5&$# &$ ,$ &$(#1$# %#$(1#+24#a # +#`,& &0 +# 5-05#a +2 1&2+-c2%-.$ 4& ,$ &N'&1-5&$(#M

    fM

    A/0&3#3&0,.$7/ 4& +#0 1&0,+(24#0 Y %#$%+,0-#$&0M O&6Q$ &+ 1&0,+(24# 4&+&N'&1-5&$(#a 0& *2+#12 +# `,& -5'+-%2 2 +2 /#12 4& &N'+-%21 &+ C&$.5&$#M ^25K-9$',&4& -$%+,-1 +2 &+2K#12%-.$ 4& -$C#15&0 Y +2 4-C,0-.$ 4& +#0 1&0,+(24#0M

    Q(%&)(4 %& .,U4,)$%,%

    e$# 4& +#0 #KZ&(-*#0 5J0 C1&%,&$(&5&$(& '&10&6,-4#0 '#1 +2 &'-4&5-#+#672 2 +# +216# 4&0, &*#+,%-.$ /-0(.1-%2 /2 0-4# &N'+-%21 +#0 5&%2$-05#0 '#1 +#0 %,2+&0 0& '1#4,%& +2&$C&15&424M O& /2$ 4&0%1-(# $,5&1#0#0 5#4&+#0 %2,02+&0 4& +2 &$C&15&424M X2021&5#02 4&0%1-K-1 +#0 5J0 1&'1&0&$(2(-*#0M

    Q(%&)( %&0&3'$/$40, %& F&/)&`c(.G HIJJVL

    X212 &$(&$4&1 &0(& 5#4&+# %2K& (&$&1 &$ %,&$(2 `,& 0& 4&0211#++2 4,12$(& +2 &(2'2 4& +2&'-4&5-#+#672 4& +20 &$C&15&424&0 -$C&%%-#020a 5#5&$(# &$ &+ %,2+ +2 52Y#172 4& +20'2(#+#6720 &12$ 4& %21J%(&1 -$C&%%-#0#MBJ0-%25&$(& '+2$(&2 +2 &N-0(&$%-2 4& ,$2 %2,02 Q$-%2 =&+ 5-%1##62$-05#A `,& '1#4,%& +2&$C&15&424 =+2 -$C&%%-.$Aa 4& C#152 `,& 0-&5'1& $&%&021-25&$(& +2 %2,02 '1#4,%& &+&C&%(#a Y +2 #K0&1*2%-.$ 4&+ &C&%(# '&15-(& 20,5-1 `,& /2 4&K-4# 4& '1#4,%-10&$&%&021-25&$(& &02 Q$-%2 %2,02MO&6Q$ :&$+&;

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    7/25

    Q(%&)( %& ,4(.$,.$7/ .,U4,) %& E3,%2(3% F$)) HINWSL

    )$ +2 2%(,2+-424 0& 02K& `,& &+ 5#4&+# 4&(&15-$-0(2 &0 -$0,C-%-&$(& '212 &N'+-%21

    $,5&1#020 &$C&15&424&0a $# #K0(2$(& 0&$(. +20 K20&0 $&%&021-20 '212 &+ 4&0211#++# 4(1#0 5#4&+#0M O,'&124# &+ '2124-652 5-%1#K-#+.6-%#a Y 4&K-4# 2 +2 1&4,%%-.$ 41J0(-%2 4&&$C&15&424&0 -$C&%%-#020 Y +2 2'21-%-.$ 4& +20 &$C&15&424&0 %1.$-%20a 0& /-%-&1#$$&%&021-#0 $,&*#0 5#4&+#0 '212 &N'+-%21 +20 %2,020 4& +2 &$C&15&424MO&6Q$ B124C#14 :-++a +#0 5&%2$-05#0 %2,02+&0 4& +2 &$C&15&424 $# 0#$ 4&(&15-$-0(20b +2%2,02 $# 0-&5'1& *2 2 '1#4,%-1 +2 &$C&15&424a Y +2 '1&0&$%-2 4& &$C&15&424 $# 0-&5'1&*2 2 -5'+-%21 `,& ',&42 4&5#0(1210& +2 '1&0&$%-2 4& 4-%/2 %2,02MI& &0(2 C#152a '+2$(&2 `,& &$ +,621 4& ,$2 1&+2%-.$ %2,02 &C&%(# 0& ,0& ,$2 20#%-2%-.$&0(2470(-%2 &$(1& 25K20M I-%/# 4& #(12 C#152a +2 '1&0&$%-2 4& +2 %2,02 2,5&$(2 +2'1#K2K-+-424 4& `,& 2'21&c%2 +2 &$C&15&424M

    W +2 /#12 4& '#4&1 4&(&15-$21 +2 1&+2%-.$ 4& %2,02+-424a &0(2K+&%-. $,&*& %1-(&1-#0 &$(#(2+bI1 ;&'#(3,)$%,% %& ), ,4(.$,.$7/b %#5# &0 +.6-%#a +2 &N'#0-%-.$ 2 +2 %2,02 4&K& 0&1

    $&%&021-25&$(& 2$(&1-#1 2+ 4&0211#++# 4& +2 &$C&15&424MO1

    B(/4$40&/.$, &/ ), ,4(.$,.$7/b 4&K& /2K&10& ++&*24# 2 %2K# #K0&1*2%-#$&01&'&(-420 '#1 *21-20 '&10#$20a &$ +,621&0a %-1%,$0(2$%-20 Y 9'#%20 4-C&1&$(&0M I-%/#4& #(12 C#152a +2 %2,02+-424 4&K& &0(21 1&0'2+42 '#1 4-*&10#0 &0(,4-#0M

    K1 "4#&.$2$.$%,% %& ), ,4(.$,.$7/b +2 %2,02 # %#$Z,$(# 4& %2,020 '1#4,%&$ ,$ Q$-%#&C&%(# %#$%1&(# `,& 0-&5'1& &0 &+ 5-05#M

    \1 Z3,%$&/0& 5$()7*$.(# &2&.0( %(4$4`3&4#U&40,b +2 &N'#0-%-.$ 2+ C2%(#1 %2,02+ $# 0.+#',&4& 0&1 52Y#1 &$ (-&5'#a 0-$# (25K-9$ &$ 4#0-0M e$2 52Y#1 4#0-0 4& &N'#0-%-.$

    2,5&$(2 +20 '1#K2K-+-424&0 4& &$C&1521MS1

    T),U4$5$)$%,% 5$()7*$.,b &+ 5&%2$-05# %2,02+ 4&K& '#4&1 &N'+-%210& 0&6Q$ &+%#$#%-5-&$(# &N-0(&$(&M V# #K0(2$(&a 0& 1&C-&1& Q$-%25&$(& 2 %#$#%-5-&$(#C,$424# Y $# 2 +# `,& 0&2 0.+# '1#4,%(# 4& /-'.(&0-0 # (M

    W1 MU&3>, %& ,4(.$,.$7/b %,2$(# 52Y#1 0&2 +2 &N'#0-%-.$ 2+ C2%(#1 %2,02+a 52Y#1 &0 +2'1#K2K-+-424 4& 4&0211#++21 +2 &$C&15&424 Y *-%&*&102M

    P1 B(G&3&/.$, &/ ), ,4(.$,.$7/b $# 4&K& &N-0(-1 $-$6Q$ %#$C+-%(# &$(1& +2 /-0(#1-2$2(,12+ 4& +2 &$C&15&424 Y +2 20#%-2%-.$ %2,02+ 2 &0(,4-#M )0(J 1&+2%-#$242 %#$ +2'+2,0-K-+-424 K-#+.6-%2M

    J1

    "Y$%&/.$, &R#&3$'&/0,)b +2 1&+2%-.$ 4& %2,02+-424 4&K& &0(21 4&5#0(1242 %#$ ,$

    &N'&1-5&$(#MN1

    ^/,)(*+,b +2 (-'#+#672 4& +2 1&+2%-.$ %2,02;&C&%(# 2 &0(,4-# 4&K& 0&1 0-5-+21 2+ 4&2+6,$2 1&+2%-.$ %2,02;&C&%(# Y2 #K0&1*242 '1&*-25&$(& Y 4#%,5&$(242M

    B124C#14 :-++ $# &0(2K+&%-. $-$6,$2 Z&121`,72 &$(1& &0(#0 %1-(&1-#0a Y 4& /&%/# %#$0-4&12K2`,& $-$6,$# 4& &++#0 &12 -5'1&0%-$4-K+& Y `,& 0& '#4172 421 +2 0-(,2%-.$ 4& `,&a -$%+,0#%,5'+-&$4# (#4#0 &++#0a 0& &0(,*-&12 &`,-*#%24# 0#K1& +#0 *&1424&1#0 5&%2$-05#0%2,02+&0 4& ,$2 &$C&15&424M

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    8/25

    Q(%&)( %&0&3'$/$40, '(%$2$.,%( %& :(0G',/ HINPWL

    )$ &0(& 5#4&+# 0& &$(-&$4& %#5# %2,02 (#4# 2`,&++# `,& -$-%-2 ,$2 0&%,&$%-2 `,&

    4&0&5K#%2 &$ &+ &C&%(# =+2 &$C&15&424AM _2 %2,02 24`,-&1& ,$ 0&$(-4# 5J0 25'+-# `,& &$#(1#0 5#4&+#0a 207 '#4&5#0 4-0(-$6,-1b

    B,U4, .('#(/&/0&b +2 `,& %#$(1-K,Y&a Z,$(# %#$ #(120a 2 `,& 0& %#$0(-(,Y2 +2%2,02 0,C-%-&$(&a '&1# 0-$ 0&1 -5'1&0%-$4-K+&M e$2 0,52 0,C-%-&$(& 4& %2,020%#5'#$&$(&0 42172 +,621 2 ,$2 %2,02 0,C-%-&$(&M "#$(1-K,Y& 2 +2 2'21-%-.$ 4& +2&$C&15&424M

    B,U4, /&.&4,3$,b 2`,&+ &+&5&$(# `,& '#0-K-+-(2 `,& 0& %1&& +2 %2,02 0,C-%-&$(&a 4&C#152 `,& 0- &N-0(& ,$2 %2,02 $&%&021-2 '212 `,& 0& '1#4,c%2 ,$ 1&0(,+24# Y 90(2$# (-&$& +,621a $# ',&4& (&$&1 +,621 +2 %2,02 0,C-%-&$(&M X#0-K-+-(2 +2 2'21-%-.$ 4& +2&$C&15&424M )$ 2+6,$#0 %20#0 ',&4& $# &N-0(-1 $-$6,$2 %2,02 4& &0(& (-'#M

    B,U4, 4U2$.$&/0&b 2`,&++2 %2,02 `,& '1#4,%& &+ &C&%(# =+2 &$C&15&424AM I-%/2%2,02 0,C-%-&$(& ',&4& 0&1 Q$-%2 # &0(21 %#5',&0(2 '#1 ,$ %#$6+#5&124# 4&%2,020 %#5'#$&$(&0 Yg# %2,020 $&%&021-20M

    )0(& 5#4&+# '&15-(& 1&%,'&121 &+ 5#4&+# 4&(&15-$-0(2 Y &N'+-%21 +20 %2,020 4& +2&$C&15&424 0-$ 1&%,11-1 2 &+&5&$(#0 %#5# &+ 2c21M O&6Q$ G#(/52$a %,2$4# $# 0&%#$0-6,& &N'+-%21 +2 %2,02+-424 &$ ,$2 &$C&15&424 ',&4& 0&1 '#1 4&0%#$#%-5-&$(# 4&+C,$%-#$25-&$(# 4& +20 %2,020 %#5'#$&$(&0M)0(& 5#4&+# -$(1#4,%& ,$2 0&1-& 4& -5'+-%2%-#$&0 '212 +2 &'-4&5-#+#672a %#5# `,& $# &0$&%&021-# %#$#%&1 (#420 +20 %2,020 %#5'#$&$(&0 '212 '1&*&$-1 +2 &$C&15&424a Y2 `,&&*-(21 ,$2 # *21-20 %2,020 %#5'#$&$(&0 &0 0,C-%-&$(& '212 `,& $# 0& '1#4,c%2 +2 %2,02$&%&021-2M

    9$/b'$.,4 #(5),.$(/,)&4 %& ),4 &/2&3'&%,%&4

    e$# 4& +#0 &+&5&$(#0 5J0 1&+&*2$(&0 4& +2 &'-4&5-#+#672 &0 &+ &0(,4-# 4& +20 4-$J5-%20'#K+2%-#$2+&0 4& +2 &$C&15&424a Y &$ &0(# +20 0-0(&520 4& *-6-+2$%-2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 (-&$&$,$2 612$ -5'#1(2$%-2M I&$(1# 4& +20 '1-$%-'2+&0 4-$J5-%20 &$%#$(125#0b

    "2,020 %#5'#$&$(&0

    "2,020 $&%&021-20"2,02 0,h%-&$(& G&0,+(24#

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    9/25

    ,L

    B)d40&3 %& &/2&3'&%,%b 2'21-%-.$ 4& ,$ &+&*24# $Q5&1# 4& %20#0 4& ,$2&$C&15&424 %#$ 1&0'&%(# 2 +#0 $-*&+&0 &0'&124#0M )+ 2,5&$(# 4& %20#0 ',&4& 0&1

    %#$ 1&0'&%(# 2 2[#0 2$(&1-#1&0a &$ ,$ J1&2 6=JC-%2 %#$ 1&0'&%(# 2+ 1&0(# # &$ ,$(-'# 4& '2%-&$(& %#$%1&(# =%#/#1(&AM

    5L E3(0& $%='$.(b 2'21-%-.$ 1J'-42 4& ,$ &+&*24# $Q5&1# 4& %20#0 '&1# 0-$-5'2%(# 612*& &$ +2 '#K+2%-.$ Y 0-$ 1-&06# # %#$ 1-&06# 02$-(21-# 4-0%1&(#M

    .L

    "/%&'$,b 0-(,2%-#$&0 4& &'-4&5-2 `,& 0& '1#4,%&$ 4&$(1# 4& ,$ J1&2 6=JC-%22%#(242 Y `,& &$ #%20-#$&0 ',&4&$ &N(&$4&10& &$ &+ (-&5'#M :2Y *21-#0 0,K(-'#04& &$4&5-20b

    2M

    F()(&/%&'$,b 2C&%(2 2 iHFj 4& +2 '#K+2%-.$MKM F$#&3&/%&'$,b 2C&%(2 2+ F@;HFj 4& +2 '#K+2%-.$M%M Q&4(&/%&'$,b 2C&%(2 2+ >@;F@j 4& +2 '#K+2%-.$M4M F$#(&/%&'$,b 2C&%(2 2 k>@j 4& +2 '#K+2%-.$M&M

    "/%(&/%&'$,b %,102 %#$ K1#(&0 &'-495-%#0 +-5-(24#0 2+ J1&2 6=JC-%2 4&+2 &$4&5-2a ',4-&$4# $# /2K&1 %20#0 &$(1& K1#(&0M

    %L

    "#$%&'$,b 2,5&$(# -$,0,2+ Y 1J'-4# 4&+ $Q5&1# 4& %20#0 4& ,$2 &$C&15&424 &$,$ J5K-(# 6=JC-%# `,& '+2$(&2 ,$ '1#K+&52 02$-(21-# Y ,$ 1-&06# 2 $-*&+'#K+2%-#$2+M I&$(1# 4& +20 &'-4&5-20 0& ',&4&$ 4-0(-$6,-1b

    2M "#$%&'$, %& &R#(4$.$7/ #U/0U,) # .)d40&3 $%='$.(b &0 +2 2'21-%-.$ 4&,$2 &'-4&5-2 &$ C#152 4& %+Q0(&1 =c#$2 6=JC-%2 %#$%1&(2a (-'# 4&'2%-&$(& %#$%1&(#a &N'#0-%-.$ &$ ,$ 5#5&$(# &$ &+ (-&5'# %#$%1&(#AM_+&*2 20#%-24# &+ 1-&06# 4& &N(&$0-.$ 2 (#42 +2 '#K+2%-.$M O,&+&$ 4&K&10& 2%,2$4# &N-0(& ,$2 C,&$(& Q$-%2 2 +2 `,& /2 &0(24# &N',&0(# ,$ (-'# 4&

    '2%-&$(& 5,Y %#$%1&(# =+2 %#/#1(&A Y &$ #%20-#$&0 %,2$4# 24&5J0 /2Y ,$20,0%&'(-K-+-424 &$ +2 5-052M

    KM

    "#$%&'$, G()('$b/0$., #%& 2U&/0& .('d/b +2 &$C&15&424 &0 1&0,+(24# 4&+2 &N'#0-%-.$ 4& -$4-*-4,#0 0,0%&'(-K+&0 2 ,$2 C,&$(& %#5Q$M O,&+&$'1#4,%-1+20 26&$(&0 -$C&%%-#0#0 # (#N-$20 $# (12$05-0-K+&0 &$(1& '&10#$20M^-&$& ,$ -$-%-# &N'+#0-*# Y &$ '#%# (-&5'# 0& '1#4,%& ,$2 1&5-0-.$'1#61&0-*2 4&+ $Q5&1# 4& %20#0M

    %M

    "#$%&'$, #3(4(%='$., # #3(#,*,0$Y,b +2 &$C&15&424 &0 &+ 1&0,+(24# 4&,$2 &N'#0-%-.$ -$-%-2+ 2 ,$2 C,&$(& Y +2 '#0(&1-#1 (12$05-0-.$ 2 +2 '#K+2%-.$MO,&+&$ '1#4,%-1+20 26&$(&0 -$C&%%-#0#0 (12$05-0-K+&0 &$(1& '&10#$20M ^-&$&$,$ -$-%-# +&$(#a %#$ ,$ 2,5&$(# '1#61&0-*# 4&+ $Q5&1# 4& %20#0 `,& ',&4&&N(&$4&10& &$ &+ (-&5'#a '1&0&$(2$4# ,$2 4-05-$,%-.$ '#0(&1-#1-6,2+5&$(& +&$(2M

    4M "#$%&'$, '$R0,b '1&0&$(2 ,$2 4-$J5-%2 `,& ',&4& (&$&1 &+&5&$(#0 4&&'-4&5-2 /#+#5-J$(-%2 Y '1#0#495-%2M

    &L

    T,/%&'$,b &'-4&5-2 %,Y# J5K-(# 6=JC-%# 0& &N(-&$4& /20(2 2C&%(21 2 (#4# &+5,$4# # ,$2 612$ '21(& 4& 9+M L5'+-%2$ ,$ 1-&06# '#K+2%-#$2+ 2 $-*&+ 5,$4-2+M

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    10/25

    CA&4+-.' %& (!);#' &+*%74*(#' 5!& 4!&'0)#" &- "B4&). %& (#'.' D&A& EF 2 '! &;.-!(*," &"

    &- 0*&4+. D&A& GF9 H#0)."&' 6.-.4*?"0*(. D*@5!*&)%#F/ +).'.%74*(. D(&"0).F 2 4*@ 612$4&0 61,'#0b

    >M

    )$C&15&424&0 4-6&0(-*20\M

    L$C&%%-#$&0 1&0'-12(#1-20 26,420]M

    )$C&15&424 5&$-$6#%.%-%2fM L$C&%%-#$&0 $#0#%#5-2+&0FM )$C&15&424&0 4& (12$05-0-.$ 0&N,2+EM ^,K&1%,+#0-0HM UL:gOLIW?M :&'2(-(-0 *71-%20

    DM

    R##$#0-0>@M

    S(120_20 -$C&%%-#$&0 $#0#%#5-2+&0 0& *&1J$ &$ &+ (&52 (&52 >?M _20 &$C&15&424&0 4&(12$05-0-.$ 0&N,2+ 0& (12(2$ &$ &+ (&52 \\M _20 -$C&%%-#$&0 '#1 UL:gOLIWa (,K&1%,+#0-0 &-$C&%%-#$&0 '#1 *-1,0 4& +2 /&'2(-(-0 0&1J$ (12(2420 &$ &+ (&52 (&52 \?M X#1 (2$(#a &$ &0(&(&52 (12(21&5#0 0#K1&b &$C&15&424&0 4-6&0(-*20a -$C&%%-#$&0 1&0'-12(#1-20 26,420a&$C&15&424 5&$-$6#%.%-%2a c##$#0-0 Y #(120 &$C&15&424&0M

    "/2&3'&%,%&4 %$*&40$Y,4

    A/2&..$7/ #(3 &1 .()$

    3#152 '21(& 4& +2 C+#12 -$(&0(-$2+ Y +20 -$C&%%-#$&0 '#1 &0(& 26&$(& 0,&+& &0(21 1&+2%-#$24#%#$ 52+2 /-6-&$&a 5&%2$-05#0 4& (12$05-0-.$ C&%#/741-%2 Y 0-(,2%-#$&0 4&-$5,$#4&'1&0-.$ `,& ',&42$ ++&*21 2 ,$2 -$C&%%-.$ #'#1(,$-0(2M _2 '1&*&$%-.$ 0,&+&%#$0(21 &$ %,-421 +2 /-6-&$& 4& +#0 2+-5&$(#0 Y K&K&1 26,2 &5K#(&++2420 %,2$4# 0& &0(J &$5&4-#0 %#$ 0,5-$-0(1#0 4& 26,2 '#%# %#$(1#+24#0M :2Y E *21-&424&0 4& )M %#+-b

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    11/25

    ,L

    "/0&3(0(R$*=/$.( H"B";Lb '1#4,%& (#N-$20a ,$2 4& &++2 0-5-+21 2 +2 %#+91-%2M O,%+7$-%2 &0 4-211&2 2%,#02a C&K1-%,+2a $2Q0&20 Y 4#+#1 2K4#5-$2+M )0 +2 %2,02 5J0

    C1&%,&$(& 4& 4-211&2 4&+ *-2Z&1#M5L "/0&3($/Y,4$Y( H"B"ALb '1#4,%& %,241#0 4& 4-211&20 -$(&15-(&$(&0 `,& 0& ',&4&$

    %#$C,$4-1 %#$ ,$2 -$C&%%-.$ '#1 0/-6&++2M O, %+7$-%2 &0 C-&K1& 2+(2a 4#+#1 2K4#5-$2+-$(&$0#a (&$&05# Y 4-211&2 %#$ %#$(&$-4# 5,%#0# Y /&5J(-%#M ^7'-%# &$ 24,+(#0M

    .L

    "/0&3(#,07*&/( H"B"TLb 2C&%(2 2 $-[#0 5&$#1&0 4& \ 2[#0M O, %+7$-%2 &0 4& C-&K1&a*.5-(#0 Y 4-211&2 2%,#02 %#$ '#0-K+& %#$(&$-4# 5,%#0#M )0 %2,02 (7'-%2 4& K1#(&04-211&-%#0 &$ '#K+2%-.$ '&4-J(1-%2M

    %L

    "/0&3(G&'(33b*$.( H"B"FLb %,102 &$ C#152 4& K1#(&0 1&+2%-#$24#0 %#$ +2 -$6&0(24& %21$& 4& *2%,$#M O, %+7$-%2 &0 4-211&2 %#$ %#$(&$-4# /&5J(-%# Y 4#+#12K4#5-$2+ Y 07$41#5& /&5#+7(-%#;,195-%#M V# %,102 %#$ C-&K1&M O,&+&$ '1#4,%-10&'#1 -$6&0(-.$ 4& 2+-5&$(#0 %#$(25-$24#0M

    &L

    "/0&3(,*3&*,0$Y( H"B"^L- 0,&+& '1#4,%-1 4-211&20 612*&0 Y '&10-0(&$(&0 4& 5J0 4&\ 0&52$20 4& 4,12%-.$a 1&+2(-*25&$(& C1&%,&$(&0 &$ $-[#0 &$ '270&0 &$ *720 4&4&0211#++#M

    2L

    B(/ ,%G&3&/.$, %$2U4, H"B^9L

    E(0U)$4'(

    _2 &$C&15&424 4& '1#4,%& '#1 +2 &N#(#N-$2 0&%1&(242 '#1 &+ I-.'0)*%*!4 1.0!-*"!4 ,$2*&c &$ &+ #162$-05# /,90'&4a `,& '1#4,%& 4&$&1*2%-.$ 5#(#12M :2Y H (-'#0 4& (#N-$20K#(,+7$-%20 -$5,$#+.6-%25&$(& 4-C&1&$(&0M )+ (9 1.0!-*"!4 &0 ,$ K2%-+# 2$2&1#K-# Y6125'#0-(-*# '1#4,%(#1 4& &0'#120M

    )+ 1&0&1*#1-# $2(,12+ 4&+ 5-%1##62$-05# &0 &+ 0,&+# Y &+ -$(&0(-$# 4& 2+6,$#0 2$-52+&0a-$%+,Y&$4# '&%&0M _2 -$(#N-%2%-.$ 0& '1#4,%& 6&$&12+5&$(& '#1 *72 2+-5&$(21-2a(7'-%25&$(& 1&+2%-#$242 %#$ +2 -$6&0(2 4& %#$0&1*20 52+ '1#%&02420M V# /2Y %#$(26-#&$(1& /,52$#0M_2 (#N-$2 K#(,+7$-%2 &0 4& +20 5J0 +&(2+&0 4& +2 $2(,12+&c2a Y '1#4,%& ,$ %,241# 4& '21J+-0-0C+J%%-42 %#$ 0&$(-4# 4&0%&$4&$(& 2 '21(-1 4&+ C#%# -$C&%%-#0# Y %#$ 4-0(1-K,%-.$ 0-59(1-%2M)+ (-&5'# 4& -$%,K2%-.$ &0 0-&5'1& -$C&1-#1 2 ? 4720a 0-&$4# -$4-%24#1 4& 52+ '1#$.0(-%#`,& 4-%/# (-&5'# 0&2 -$C&1-#1 2 ]E /#120M X,&4& 20#%-210& %#$ %,241#0 4& (-'#620(1#-$(&0(-$2+ 0-$ C-&K1&M )$ +#0 %20#0 5J0 612*&0 %#$4,%-1J 2 ,$2 '21J+-0-0 1&0'-12(#1-2`,& '1#*#`,& +2 5,&1(& # ,$2 2+(&12%-.$ 4& +2 C,$%-.$ 4& +2 5,0%,+2(,12 %21472%2 `,&%#$4,c%2 2 ,$ %,241# 4& (-'# %21472%# +&(2+M)+ 4-26$.0(-%# 4& 0#0'&%/2 0& ++&*2 2 %2K# 5&4-2$(& 07$(#520 %212%(&170(-%#0b /-'#(&$0-.$#1(#0(J(-%2a ','-+20 211&2%(-*20 Y 5-41-J(-%20a C#(#C#K-2a 0&`,&424 4& 5,%#020a '21J+-0-04&0%&$4&$(&a 4-C-%,+(24 '212 /2K+21a 4-C-%,+(24 '212 1&0'-121 '&1# 0-$ 4-0$&2 Y 2,0&$%-2 4&C-&K1&M )+ 4-26$.0(-%# 4& %#$C-152%-.$ 0& 1&2+-c2 5&4-2$(& 0&1#+#672M

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    12/25

    )$ %20#0 4& K1#(&0 0& 2%(Q2 1&(-12$4# &+ 26&$(& %2,02+ 4&+ 5&4-#a &$ &0(& %20# 2+-5&$(#0a0- &N-0(& ,$ 2%%&0# 2 61,'#0 &N(&$0#0 =1&0(2,12$(&0a %#5&4#1&0 &0%#+21&0a /#(&+&0MMMA Y

    2'+-%2$4# 5&4-420 &$ &+ +,621 4& '1#%&024# 4& +20 %#5-420MO, '1-$%-'2+ 5&4-42 4& %#$(1#+ &0 +2 '1&*&$%-.$ 5&4-2$(& 5&4-420 /-6-9$-%20 &$ &+'1#%&024# 4& 2+-5&$(#0M _2 (#N-$2 &0 (&15#+JK-+a '#1 +# `,& &+ %#%-$24# 1&4,%&41J0(-%25&$(& &+ 1-&06# 4& -$(#N-%2%-.$M

    A/0(R$.,.$7/ #(3 0(R$/, &40,2$)(.7.$.,

    O& '1#4,%& '#1 +2 -$(#N-%2%-.$ '#1 &N#(#N-$20 0&%1&(242 '#1 &+ J0#+62-.(.((!' #!)&!'M W+%#$(121-# `,& #%,11& %#$ +2 (#N-$2 K#(,+7$-%2a +2 (#N-$2 &0 0&%1&(242 4&04& `,& &+5-%1##162$-05# %#+#$-c2 &+ 2+-5&$(# Y &0 (&15#11&0-0(&$(&M :2Y ? *21-&424&0 4& (#N-$2=>> %#$0-4&12$4# +#0 0,K(-'#0AM O& &$%,&$(12 &0'&%-2+5&$(& &$ 4&1-*24#0 +J%( 52+'1#%&024#0 4&K-4# 2 `,& &+ ': 4& +2 C&15&$(2%-.$ &0 -4.$ '212 0, 4&0211#++#M)+ 1&0&1*#1-# 4&+ 0M2,1&,0 &0 '1-$%-'2+5&$(& /,52$#a '&1# ',&4& 0&1 &$%#$(124#'1J%(-%25&$(& &$ %,2+`,-&1 5&4-#M e$ 5&4-# /2K-(,2+ 4& %#$(25-$2%-.$ 4& +#0 2+-5&$(#00#$ +20 0&%1&%-#$&0 1&0'-12(#1-20M ^25K-9$ &0 1&+2(-*25&$(& C1&%,&$(& &$ 62$24# *2%,$#a',4-&$4# &$%#$(1210& %2$(-424&0 1&+&*2$(&0 4& 5-%1##162$-05#0 Y (#N-$20 &$ +2 +&%/&M)+ '&1-#4# 4& -$%,K2%-.$ 0,&+& 0&1 -$C&1-#1 2 ? /#120M O, %+7$-%2 &0 ,$2 4-211&2 -$(&$02 %#$*.5-(#0 5,Y -$(&$0#0 Y 0-$ C-&K1&M )+ %,241# ',&4& 1&5-(-1 4& C#152 &0'#$(J$&2 &$ \f;f?/#120M )$ %20#0 612*&0 0& ',&4& '1#4,%-1 /-'#(&$0-.$a 07$%#'& & /-'#(&15-2a $# #K0(2$(&a-$%+,0# &$ +20 C#1520 5J0 612*&0 &+ '1#$.0(-%# 0,&+& 0&1 K,&$#M)$ %20#0 4& K1#(&0 %2K& 1&(-121 +2 C,&$(& 4& -$(#N-%2%-.$a Y2 `,& $# /2Y (12$05-0-.$/,52$#;/,52$#M ^25K-9$ (#521 5&4-420 &$ &+ 5&4-# 4& 52$-',+2%-.$ 4& +#0 2+-5&$(#0M

    _20 5&4-420 4& '1&*&$%-.$ 0#$ C,$425&$(2+5&$(& 4& '1#C-+2N-0 &$ &+ '1#%&024# 4&'1#4,%(#0 +J%(a &4,%2%-.$ 02$-(21-2 4& +#0 '1#C&0-#$2+&0 -5'+-%24#0 Y %#$(1#+ 4&+62$24# _2 1&C1-6&12%-.$ Y +20 %24&$20 4& C17# /2$ 4&5#0(124# 0&1 ,$2 4& +20 5&4-420 5J0-5'#1(2$(&0 4& '1&*&$%-.$a Y2 `,& 2,$`,& +2 (#N-$2 $# &0 (&15#+JK-+a 07 0& -$/-K& 0,'1#4,%%-.$ '#1 4&K2Z# 4& +#0 >@l"M

    D,)'(/&)),

    )0 +2 '1-5&12 %2,02 4& 4-211&2 K2%(&1-2$2 &$ &+ 5,$4# Y &$ )0'2[2 &0 +2 %2,02 5J0C1&%,&$(& 4& %,241#0 4& (#N#-$C&%%-.$ 2+-5&$(21-2 &$ (#420 +20 &424&0MO& '1#4,%& '#1 -$C&%%-.$ 4-1&%(2 5-%1##162$-05#0 4&+ 69$&1# '#-4."&--#&$ &+ -$(&0(-$#=&$(&1#-$*20-*#AM O#$ K2%-+#0 6125$&62(-*#0 2$2&1#K-#0 C2%,+(2(-*#0M :2Y \ 612$4&0&0'&%-&0b '#-4."&--# &"0&)*(#Y '#-4."&--# 1."=.)*a &$(1& +20 %,2+&0 0& 0,52$ ,$ (#(2+ 4&5J0 4& \M@@@ 0&1#(-'#0M I&(&15-$24#0 (-'#0 ',&4&$ 0&%1&(21 &$(&1#(#N-$20M)+ 1&0&1*#1-# $2(,12+ &0 2$-52+a 0-&$4# &$%#$(124# &$ '1J%(-%25&$(& %,2+`,-&1 &0'&%-&MO& %#$(12& '#1 -$6&0(-.$ 4& 2+-5&$(#0 %#$(25-$24#0a &$ )0'2[2 &+ `,& 4& C#152 5J0C1&%,&$(& 0& *& -$*#+,%124# &0 +2 52Y#$&02 %20&12M O,&+& %,1021 &$ C#152 4& K1#(&0&'-495-%#0 4,12$(& +#0 5&0&0 4& *&12$# Y `,& 2C&%(2$ '1-$%-'2+5&$(& 2 $-[#0M

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    13/25

    )+ '&1-#4# 4& -$%,K2%-.$ (7'-%# &0 4& \f/M O, %+7$-%2 %,102 %#$ C-&K1&a %&C2+&2 -$(&$02a*.5-(#0a 4#+#1 2K4#5-$2+ Y 4-211&2 4& %#+#1 *&14#0# %#$ '#0-K+& %#$(&$-4# 5,%#0# Y

    /&5J(-%#M )$ 0,0 C#1520 +&*&0 &0 ,$ %,241# 2,(#+-5-(24# `,& ',&4& 1&5-(-1 0-$(12(25-&$(#M )+ -$4-*-4,# 02$# ',&4& 52$(&$&1 0, &0(24# 4& '#1(24#1 4,12$(& >;\ 5&0&0(120 0, 1&0#+,%-.$a 0-&$4# '#0-K+& +2 (12$05-0-.$ /,52$#;/,52$#MO- 2+%2$c2 &+ (#11&$(& 02$6,7$ '1#4,%& ,$2 C#152 0&'(-%95-%2 5J0 612*&M )$ '2%-&$(&0-$5,$#4&'1-5-4#0 &+ 5-%1##162$-05# ',&4& -$C&%(21 C#%#0 0&%,$421-#0a C#152$4#2K0%&0#0a '1#4,%-&$4# 21(1-(-0 09'(-%20a %#+&%-0(-(-0a 2$&,1-0520 5-%.(-%#0 Y &$ %20#0 4&-$5,$#0,'1&0-.$ 0&*&12 =OLIWA %,241#0 09'(-%#0 '#(&$%-2+5&$(& +&(2+&0M)$ %20# 4& K1#(&0 0& 4&K& 2%(,21 0#K1& +2 C,&$(& =2+-5&$(# Y +,621 4& '1&'212%-.$AM )$%20# 4& `,& ,$ '2%-&$(& 1&`,-&12 /#0'-(2+-c2%-.$ 0& -$0(2,121J 2-0+25-&$(# &$(91-%#M_2 '1&*&$%-.$ 0& ++&*2 2 %2K# &$ C#152 4& 5&4-420 /-6-9$-%20 &$ +2 52$-',+2%-.$ 4&2+-5&$(#0a 0-&$4# &0'&%-2+5&$(& Q(-+ +2 1&C1-6&12%-.$ Y +20 %24&$20 4& C17#a Y &+ %#$(1#+ 4&+62$24#M

    Z,403(&/0&3$0$4 Y+3$.,4

    )0(2 %2(&6#172 25'+-2 -$%+,Y& +#0 %,241#0 '1#4,%-4#0 '#1 $,5&1#0#0 26&$(&0 4& (-'# *71-%#MO#$ &$(-424&0 4& 612$ C1&%,&$%-2 Y %#$ '1&C&1&$%-2 '#1 &+ '2%-&$(& '&4-J(1-%#M )$(1& +#026&$(&0 %2,02+&0 '#4&5#0 4&0(2%21b

    ,L

    :(0,Y$3U4_#0 1#(2*-1,0 0#$ +2 %2,02 5J0 C1&%,&$(& 4& 4-211&2 612*& &$ $-[#0M O,&+&$'1#4,%-10& K1#(&0 &0(2%-#$2+&0 4,12$(& +#0 5&0&0 4& -$*-&1$# `,& 2C&%(2$&0'&%-2+5&$(& 2 $-[#0 &$(1& +#0 E 5&0&0 Y +#0 \ 2[#0M _2 '1-5#-$C&%%-.$ 0,&+&

    6&$&121 -$5,$-424 &$ &+ 0,Z&(#a 5#(-*# '#1 &+ %,2+ &0(#0 %,241#0 0#$ 5&$#0C1&%,&$(&0 2+ 2,5&$(21 +2 &424M)+ 5&%2$-05# 4& (12$05-0-.$ &0 (7'-%25&$(& /,52$#;/,52$#M W+6,$#0 /,90'&4&0',&4&$ 2%(,21 %#5# 5&1#0 '#1(24#1&0 0-$ 4&0211#++21 &$C&15&424M)+ '&1-#4# 4& -$%,K2%-.$ &0 4& \ 4720M V#152+5&$(& +2 %+7$-%2 4&K,(2 %#$ *.5-(#0`,& '#0(&1-#15&$(& %&4&$ Y 42$ '20# 2 ,$2 4-211&2 2%,#02 -$(&$02M ",102 %#$C-&K1& Y 4#+#1 2K4#5-$2+M W 5&$,4# %&4&$ &0'#$(J$&25&$(&a '&1# &$ %20# 4&$-[#0 4&0/-412(24#0 ',&4& 0&1 '#(&$%-2+5&$(& 5#1(2+ 0- $# 0& 4-0'#$&$ 5&4-#0'212 0, 1&/-412(2%-.$M

    5L ^%&/(Y$3U4O& (12(2 4& ,$ *-1,0 4& (-'# 1&0'-12(#1-# %#$ 0&1#(-'#0 %#$%1&(#0 `,& '#0&&$2C-$-424 '#1 &+ -$(&0(-$#M )0 +2 0&6,$42 %2,02 5J0 C1&%,&$(& 4& 4-211&2 -$C2$(-+M V#(-&$&$ %21J%(&1 &0(2%-#$2+M )+ %#$(26-# &0 /,52$#;/,52$# Y 4&(&15-$24#0'#1(24#1&0 ',&4&$ $# 4&0211#++21 +2 &$C&15&424M O, 4,12%-.$ &0 52Y#1 `,& &$ &+%20# 4&+ 1#(2*-1,0 =/20(2 \ 0&52$20AM _2 20#%-2%-.$ %#$ 07$(#520 1&0'-12(#1-#0 &0,$ -$4-%-# '212 0, 4-26$.0(-%#M

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    14/25

    A/2&..$(/&4 3&4#$3,0(3$,4 ,*U%,4

    _20 &$C&15&424&0 1&0'-12(#1-20 26,420 4& %21J%(&1 -$C&%%-#0# 0#$ ,$# 4& +#0 5#(-*#0 5J0

    C1&%,&$(&0 4& %#$0,+(2 2 +#0 0&1*-%-#0 02$-(21-#0a 0-&$4# 4& &0'&%-2+ 1&+&*2$%-2 &$ &0(#0%20#0 &+ %2(211# %#5Q$ Y +2 61-'&M ^12(21&5#0 (25K-9$ +2 $&,5#$72a 5&$#0 C1&%,&$(&a'&1# 4& 612$ 1&+&*2$%-2 '#1 0, 612*&424M

    B,0,33( .('d/

    O& (12(2 4& ,$2 &$(-424 %+7$-%2 25'+-2 Y '#%# 4&C-$-42M BJ0-%25&$(& 0& &$(-&$4& %#5# ,$07$41#5& '1#'-# 4& %,241#0 -$C&%%-#0#0 4& (-'# 1&0'-12(#1-# `,& %,102$ %#$ C&K17%,+2 Y07$(#520 4&1-*24#0 4& +2 -$C252%-.$ 4& +20 *720 1&0'-12(#1-20 2+(20 =1-$#11&2a %#$6&0(-.$$202+a (#0a &0(#1$,4#0MMMAM O#$ %,241#0 K&$-6$#0a 2,(#+-5-(24#0 Y `,& %,12$ 0-$(12(25-&$(#M )+ 2K#142Z& (&12'9,(-%# &0 5&125&$(& 0-$(#5J(-%#M

    )+ C17# Y +2 /,5&424 $# 0#$ C2%(#1&0 %2,02+&0a &$ %#$(12 4& +2 %1&&$%-2 %#5Q$a '&1# 07 +#0#$ &+ (2K2`,-05#a &+ /2%-$25-&$(# =(12$0'#1(&0 'QK+-%#0a &$(#1$#0 4& (12K2Z#A # &+ &0(190'&1%-K-4# 4&+ -$4-*-4,#MO, -5'#1(2$%-2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 $# 124-%2 &$ 0, 612*&424a 0-$# &$ &+ -5'2%(# `,& (-&$& &$+2 0#%-&424M )+ %2(211# %#5Q$a &$ 5#5&$(#0 4&(&15-$24#0 4&+ 2[#a ',&4& 0&11&0'#$02K+& 4& /20(2 &+ ?@j 4&+ 2K0&$(-05# +2K#12+ Y &0%#+21MO, %2,02 &0 C,$425&$(2+5&$(& *71-%2 Y (-&$& %21J%(&1 &0(2%-#$2+ =&(2'20 4& %25K-#&0(2%-#$2+ &0'&%-2+5&$(&AM )+ 1&0&1*#1-# &0 0-&5'1& /,52$# Y +2 (12$05-0-.$ &0 '&10#$2 2'&10#$2 =K#%2;52$#a 52$#;52$#a 52$#;K#%2AM I&$(1# 4& 0,0 26&$(&0 %2,02+&0 '#4&5#04&0(2%21b

    ,L :$/(Y$3U4-&+ 5J0 C1&%,&$(&a 1&0'#$02K+& 4& /20(2 &+ F@j 4& +#0 %20#0M _#0 %2(211#0

    '&4-J(1-%#0 0#$ &$ 0, 52Y#172 %2,024#0 '#1 1-$#*-1,0M5L ^*&/0&4 %&4.(/(.$%(4- /20(2 &+ f@j 4& +#0 %2(211#0 %#5,$&0 0#$ '#1 %2,020

    4&0%#$#%-420M.L

    B(R4,.X$&Y$3U4%L

    "/0&3(Y$3U4&L

    ^%&/(Y$3U42L B(3(/,Y$3U4*L Q$R(Y$3U4

    Z3$#&

    _2 61-'& &0 ,$2 )IS Y ,$# 4& +#0 52Y#1&0 #KZ&(#0 4& '1%,'2%-.$ '212 +20 2,(#1-424&002$-(21-20 4& (#4# &+ 5,$4#M 8#(-*2a 2+ -6,2+ `,& &+ %2(211#a %-C120 -5'#1(2$(&0 4&2K0&$(-05# +2K#12+a %#$ &+ 2[24-4# 4& `,& 0& (12(2 4& ,$2 &$C&15&424 5J0 612*& `,& &$'2%-&$(&0 4& &424 2*2$c242 # -$5,$#4&'1-5-4#0 ',&4& ++&621 2 0&1 '#(&$%-2+5&$(&5#1(2+M

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    15/25

    O& (12(2 4& ,$2 -$C&%%-.$ '1#*#%242 '#1 .)0.4*

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    16/25

    "/2&3'&%,% '&/$/*(.7.$.,

    )0(2 %2(&6#172 -$%+,Y& (#4#0 +#0 %,241#0 %+7$-%#0 %2,024#0 '#1 +2 K2%(&1-2 S&*''&)*#

    4&"*"=*0*%*'a `,& 0,&+& C#1521 '21(& 4& +2 C+#12 K2%(&1-2$2 /,52$2 Y 0& &$%,&$(12 &$ +21-$#C21-$6&M O#$ 4-'+#%#%#0 6125$&62(-*#0 2&1#K-#0 &0(1-%(#0a 0-$ %2'2%-424 4&5#*-5-&$(#M:2Y >] 0&1#61,'#0a '&1# 0.+# +#0 (-'#0 Wa B Y " %#$0(-(,Y&$ 5J0 4&+ ?@j 4& +20 -$C&%%-#$&0M)0(& 5-%1##162$-05# '1#4,%& ,$2 612$ *21-&424 4& %,241#0 %+7$-%#0a `,& *2172$ 4&04&%,241#0 K2$2+&0 /20(2 '2(#+#6720 '#(&$%-2+5&$(& +&(2+&0a &$(1& +#0 %,2+&0 '#4&5#05&$%-#$21b! B2%(&1-&5-2 $# 09'(-%2! V&,5#$72 5&$-$6#%.%-%2! )$4#%214-(-0!

    G-$#C21-$6-(-0!

    S(-(-0 -$(&1$2 Y 5&4-2!

    8&$-$6-(-0 5&$-$6#%.%-%2! "#$Z,$(-*-(-0

    )+ 1&0&1*#1-# &0 Q$-%25&$(& /,52$#a 0, *-1,+&$%-2 &0 5,Y 2+(2 Y +2 *72 4& (12$05-0-.$ &0291&2a +# %,2+ ,$-4# 2 +2 -$%&1(-4,5K1& 0#K1& &+ %,241# %+7$-%# `,& *2 2 '1#4,%-1 Y &+'1#$.0(-%# 4& +2 -$C&%%-.$a Z,0(-C-%2 `,& 0& (12(& 4& ,$2 )IS Y 0&2 #KZ&(# 4& '1%,'2%-.$'#1 '21(& 4& +20 2,(#1-424&0 02$-(21-20M_#0 0,Z&(#0 0,0%&'(-K+&0 0#$ (7'-%25&$(& 0,Z&(#0 Z.*&$&0a %#$ '1&4#5-$2$%-2 4&+ 0&N#C&5&$-$#a `,& *-*&$ &$ %#$4-%-#$&0 4& /2%-$25-&$(#M )0 '#1 &0(# `,& 0, 2'21-%-.$(7'-%25&$(& &0 &$ C#152 4& K1#(&0 %-1%,$0%1-(#0 2 &0%,&+20a %,21(&+&0a &5'1&020MMM

    _2 C#152 %+7$-%2 5J0 '&+-61#02 &0 +2 5&$-$6-(-0 5&$-$6#%.%-%2a `,& 0,'#$& ,$ F@j 4&+(#(2+ 4& 5&$-$6-(-0 4& #1-6&$ K2%(&1-2$#a 0& '1#4,%& %,2$4# &+ 5-%1##162$-05# 2(12*-&02+2 K211&12 /&52(#&$%&CJ+-%2M_2 %+7$-%2 4& +2 5&$-$6-(-0 (-&$& ,$ -$-%-# %212%(&170(-%25&$(& K1,0%#a %#$ C-&K1&0 2+(20=i]Dl"Aa &0%2+#C17#0a %&C2+&20 -$(&$020a *.5-(#0a 1-6-4&c 4& $,%2a C#(#C#K-2 Y ,$24-05-$,%-.$ 4& +2 %#$0%-&$%-2 `,& ',&4& 0&1 '1#61&0-*2 Y ++&621 -$%+,0# 2+ %#52M )$ %20#4& `,& &N-0(2 (25K-9$ 0&'(-%&5-2a %,1021J (25K-9$ %#$ K1#(& ',1'Q1a /&5#1126-25,%#02a 2%1#%-2$#0-0 Y %,241#0 4& %#26,+2%-.$ -$(12*20%,+21 4-0&5-$242 `,& ',&4&$%#$4,%-1 2+ 0/#%oM)+ 4-26$.0(-%# 0,&+& 0&1 %+7$-%# Y 0& %#$C-152 %#$ &+ 2-0+25-&$(# 4&+ 6&15&$a 6&$&12+5&$(&

    &$ _"GM_2 2%(,2%-.$ 2$(& K1#(&0 %#$0-0(& +2 4&(&%%-.$ 4& C#%#0 Y 0, 4&02+#Z# =&0%,&+2a &4-C-%-#MMMAM)+ 5-%1##162$-05# $# 1&0-0(& &$ %#$4-%-#$&0 25K-&$(2+&0a Y2 `,& 2$(& 2,0&$%-2 4&/,90'&4&0 $# ',&4& 0#K1&*-*-1 5,%/# (-&5'#M_2 '1&*&$%-.$ &0 C2%-+-(242 &$ 612$ 5&4-42 '#1 +2 *2%,$2%-.$M I&K-4# 2 0, -$%2'2%-424 4&0#K1&*-*-1 &$ &+ &$(#1$#a $# 0#$ $&%&021-20 5&4-420 /-6-9$-%20 $- 25K-&$(2+&0a0-5'+&5&$(& 20&6,121 +2 %-1%,+2%-.$ Y 1&$#*2%-.$ 4& 2-1& Y &*-(21 &+ /2%-$25-&$(#M

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    17/25

    e((/(4$4

    O& 4&$#5-$2$ c##$#0-0 2 +20 &$C&15&424&0 (12$05-0-K+&0 `,& (7'-%25&$(& %,&$(2$ %#$

    1&0&1*#1-# 2$-52+ Y 5&%2$-05#0 4& (12$05-0-.$ 4& 2$-52+ *-*# 2 0&1 /,52$#M X#1 (2$(#a0#$ C1&%,&$(&0 &$ '&10#$20 `,& (12K2Z2$ %#$ 2$-52+&0M I&$(1# 4& &0(2 %2(&6#172 4&0(2%2$+2 K1,%&+#0-0 Y +2 12K-2M

    E3U.&)(4$4

    X1#4,%-420 '#1 K2%(&1-20 4&+ 69$&1# M)!(&--#a `,& 6&$&12+5&$(& ,02$ 4& 1&0&1*#1-# 2+62$24# 4#590(-%#M O#$ %#%#0 6125$&62(-*#0 -$5#*-+&0a 0-$ %2'0,+2 $- %2'2%-424 '212C#1521 &0'#120M O#$ 5,Y 1&0-0(&$(&0 2+ 5&4-# 25K-&$(& Y ',&4&$ *-*-1 &$ +2 (-&112'&1-#4#0 '1#+#$624#0 /20(2 `,& 0#$ 1&%#6-4#0 '#1 ,$ $,&*# /,90'&4M O#$ 1&0-0(&$(&0 2 +2%#$6&+2%-.$a '&1# $# 2 +20 2+(20 (&5'&12(,120 $- +#0 ': J%-4#0M

    _2 -$C&%%-.$ 0,&+& '1#4,%-10& 5&4-2$(& %#$(2%(# 4-1&%(# %#$ &+ 62$24# # 2 (12*90 4&+%#$0,5# Yg# 52$&Z# 4& +&%/&a %21$& # '-&+&0M X212 '&10#$20 `,& (12K2Z2$ &$ +2K#1&0 4&52(2$c2 # &$ -$0(2+2%-#$&0 4#$4& 0& ++&*&$ 2 %2K#a +2 *72 4& %#$(26-# ',&4& 0&1 (25K-9$291&2M_2 2%(,2%-.$ %#$0-0(& &$ &+ %#$(1#+ 4&+ 1&0&1*#1-# 2$-52+ =02%1-C-%-#A Y &$ +2 2%(,2%-.$02$-(21-2 0#K1& &+ -$4-*-4,# -$C&%(24#M e$2 *&c 1&%,'&124# 4& +2 '1-5#-$C&%%-.$a &+/,90'&4 4&0211#++21J -$5,$-424 2$(& +2 &$C&15&424 &$ +2 52Y#172 4& +#0 %20#0M_2 '1&*&$%-.$ %#$0-0(& &$ &4,%2%-.$ 02$-(21-2 2 '1#C&0-#$2+&0 1&+2%-#$24#0 %#$ &+ 62$24#a%#$(1#+ 4&+ 62$24# =&N-0(& *2%,$2 '212 2$-52+&0Aa 5&4-420 4& K211&12 '212 '&10#$20 `,&52$-',+&$ %24J*&1&0 4& 2$-52+&0 Y &+ %#11&%(# (12(25-&$(# 4& 1&0-4,#0 2$-52+&0M )N-0(&*2%,$2 '212 /,52$#0a '&1# &0(J &$ 4&0,0# 2%(,2+5&$(&M

    :,5$,

    O& (12(2 4& ,$2 &$C&15&424 4& 4&%+212%-.$ #K+-62(#1-2 *71-%2 '1&4#5-$2$(&5&$(& 2$-52+`,& ',&4& 2C&%(21 2+ 0&1 /,52$#M _# '1#4,%&$ *-1,0 4&+ 69$&1# T2''#;*)!'a C25-+-2U6#1%.;*)*%#&M WC#1(,$2425&$(& &0 ,$ *-1,0 5,Y +JK-+a 0&$0-K+& 2 (&5'&12(,120 &N(1&520Y 2 '1J%(-%25&$(& (#420 +20 5&4-420 4& /-6-&$& Y 4&0-$C&%%-.$M )N-0(&$ E 0&1#(-'#0a 0-&$4#&+ ^-'# L &+ `,& '1#4,%& +#0 %20#0 &$ /,52$#0M)+ 5&%2$-05# 4& -$#%,+2%-.$ &0 (7'-%25&$(& ,$2 5#14&4,12 # /&1-42 1&2+-c242 '#1 &+2$-52+ '#1(24#1M _2 %2,02 5J0 C1&%,&$(& &$ $,&0(1# 5&4-# &0 +2 5#14&4,12 4& '&11#M^25K-9$ +2 5#14&4,12 /,52$2 4& ,$ 0,Z&(# -$C&%(24# ',&4& (12$05-(-1+2 2 #(12 '&10#$2M

    )+ *-1,0 2%%&4& 2 (12*90 4& +2 0#+,%-.$ 4& %#$(-$,-424 &$ '-&+ # 5,%#02 Y 0& 2%2$(#$2 &$ &+0-0(&52 $&1*-#0#M)+ '&1-#4# 4& -$%,K2%-.$ &0 +216#a ',4-&$4# #0%-+21 &$(1& +#0 ] 5&0&0 Y +#0 F 2[#0a 4,12$(&+#0 %,2+&0 &+ *-1,0 0& 1&'+-%2 2 +# +216# 4&+ 1&%#11-4# 4& +20 C-K120 5#(#120M ",2$4# 0&52$-C-&0(2 '1#4,%& ,$ %,241# $&,1#'212+7(-%# %#$ /-41#C#K-2a C-&K1&0 2+(20a 2+(&12%-#$&00&$0#1-2+&0a %#$*,+0-#$&0 Y `,& 0,&+& 4&0&$%24&$21 &$ ,$2 '21J+-0-0 2 $-*&+ 1&0'-12(#1-#M _25#1(2+-424 2 +20 \ 0&52$20 4& -$-%-242 +2 %+7$-%2 &0 4&+ >@@jM

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    18/25

    _2 2%(,2%-.$ 2$(& K1#(&0 0& +-5-(2 2 %#$(1#+21 +#0 2$-52+&0 -$C&%(24#0 =#K0&1*2%-.$ '212%#$C-1521 0- &0(J -$C&%(24# 4& 12K-2 Y 2%(,21 %#$0&%,&$(&5&$(& 2$(& &+ '2%-&$(&a &+

    02%1-C-%-# 2 5&$,4# $# &0 $&%&021-# '#1`,& &$ %20#0 '#0-(-*#0 &+ 2$-52+ 5#1-1J-$4&C&%(-K+&5&$(&AM )+ 9N-(# &$ +2 2%(,2%-.$ %#$ &+ '2%-&$(& -$C&%(24# 124-%2 &$ &+(12(25-&$(# '1&%#c 4& +2 /&1-42a Y2 `,& ,$ 0-5'+& +2*24# -$5&4-2(# %#$ 2K,$42$(& 26,2%#11-&$(& Y Z2K.$ 2$(-09'(-%# ',&4& 4-05-$,-1 &$ ,$ ?@j &+ 1-&06# 4& %#$(12&1 +2&$C&15&424M O&%,$421-25&$(& Y &$ &+ 5&4-# /#0'-(2+21-#a 0& ',&4&$ 245-$-0(121-$5,$#6+#K,+-$20 (2$(# -$C-+(12420 +#%2+5&$(& &$ +2 /&1-42 %#5# 2 $-*&+ 0-0(95-%#M O,(,121+2 /&1-424 2,5&$(2 &+ 1-&06# Y C2%-+-(2 +2 '&$&(12%-.$ 4&+ *-1,0 2+ (&Z-4# $&1*-#0#MX1J%(-%25&$(& +20 Q$-%20 5&4-420 '212 &+ %#$(1#+ 4& +2 12K-2 0#$ 4& (-'# '1&*&$(-*#ML$%+,Y& *2%,$2%-.$ 4& 62$24#a 520%#(20 Y '&10#$20 %#$ &N'#0-%-#$ '1#+#$6242a %#$(1#+4& 2$-52+&0 %2++&Z&1#0a 1&0(1-%%-.$ 4&+ (1JC-%# 4& 2$-52+&0a &4,%2%-.$ 02$-(21-2 4&'1#C&0-#$2+&0 `,& (12K2Z&$ %#$ 2$-52+&0

    C03,4 $/2&..$(/&4

    f5(),

    )+ *-1,0 4&+ 9K#+2 &0 ,$ *-1,0 4& +2 C25-+-2 !"#$%"&"'()a 69$&1# !"#$%"&*+M )0 &+ %2,02$(& 4& +2"/2&3'&%,% %&) f5(),a `,& 1&%-K& &+ $#5K1& 4&+ 17# 4#$4& C,& -4&$(-C-%24# '#1 '1-5&12*&c &$ INPW 4,12$(& +2 '1-5&12 &'-4&5-2 1&6-0(1242M I&04& &$(#$%&0 0& /2$ '1#4,%-4#4-*&10#0 K1#(&0 &'-495-%#0 +#%2+-c24#0 &$ c#$20 5,Y %#$%1&(20 4& pC1-%2M)N-0(& #(1# *-1,0 5,Y 0-5-+21a &+ Y$3U4 %& Q,35U3*(a `,& #%20-#$2 ,$ %#$Z,$(# 4& %,241#0%+7$-%#0 5,Y 0-5-+21&0 4&$#5-$24#0 2$&53& G&'(33b*$., Y$3,)M

    )+ 1&0&1*#1-# &0 2$-52+ =5,1%-9+26#0Aa 0- K-&$ 0, 2+(2 -$C&%(-*-424 4& /,52$# 2 /,52$#/2%& `,& +2 (12$05-0-.$ 4&04& 2$-52+&0 0&2 5-$#1-(21-2M )+ *&/7%,+# 4& (12$05-0-.$ 0#$ +#0C+,-4#0 %#1'#12+&0 4& +2 '&10#$2 -$C&%(242M V# &N-0(& &*-4&$%-2 4& (12$05-0-.$ 291&2MO, '&1-#4# 4& -$%,K2%-.$ &0 4& ,$2 0&52$2 2'1#N-52425&$(&M )+ '2%-&$(& &N'&1-5&$(2C-&K1&0 2+(20 4& /20(2 f@l"M X#0(&1-#15&$(& 2'21&%&$ 07$(#520 %#5# 4-211&2 +7`,-42-$(&$02 0-$ *.5-(#0 Y 2+(&12%-#$&0 +-6&120 4& +#0 '1#%&0#0 5&$(2+&0M )0 5,Y %212%(&170(-%2+2 2'21-%-.$ 4& ,$ &N2$(&52 %,(J$ %&$(17C,6# #1-6-$24# &$ %212 Y %,&++#M_2 2'21-%-.$ 4& /&5#1126-20 &0'#$(J$&20 &$ 5,%#020 -$4-%2 %-&1(# 6124# 4& &*#+,%-.$ 4&+2 &$C&15&424 Y '#%# 2 '#%# (12$0-%-#$2 2 /&5#1126-20 %,(J$&20M)$ 0,0 C20&0 5J0 2*2$c2420a 0& '1#4,%& -$C+252%-.$ 4& .162$#0 -$(&1$#0a %#$ '1#%&0#0/&5#11J6-%#0 &$ /7624#a K2c# Y 1-[#$&0 `,& &*#+,%-#$2$ /2%-2 ,$2 0-(,2%-.$ 4& C2++#5,+(-#16J$-%#M O, +&(2+-424 4&'&$4& 4& +2 %&'2a 0-&$4# &$ +20 5J0 *-1,+&$(20 4& &$ (#1$# 2,$ D@jM W%(,2+5&$(& 0.+# /2Y (12(25-&$(#0 &N'&1-5&$(2+&0 Y $# &N-0(& *2%,$2M^#420 &0(20 %212%(&170(-%20 %#$*-&1(&$ 2+ 5-%1##162$-05# &$ #KZ&(# 4& '1%,'2%-.$ '212+20 2,(#1-424&0 02$-(21-20a &0'&%-2+5&$(& 2$(& ,$2 '#0-K+& 2'+-%2%-.$ K9+-%2M

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    19/25

    !"#$%&'# )% )%*+','*"-. )% %./%,&%)')%#

    g$*$),/.$, $%&'$()7*$.,_2 *-6-+2$%-2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 &0 ,$# 4& +#0 C-$&0 4& +2 &'-4&5-#+#672M "#$0-0(& &$ +2#K0&1*2%-.$ '&152$&$(& 4& +20 4-$J5-%20 '#K+2%-#$2+&0 4& +2 &$C&15&424 '212 +24&(&%%-.$ 4& K1#(&0 Yg# 0-(,2%-#$&0 &'-495-%20MO&6Q$ X-941#+2a +2 *-6-+2$%-2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 %,5'+& (1&0 #KZ&(-*#0b

    >M L4&$(-C-%21 '1#K+&520 4& 02+,4\M P,-21a #1-&$(21 Y &0(-5,+21 +20 -$(&1*&$%-#$&0 &$ 02+,4 'QK+-%2]M O,6&1-1 /-'.(&0-0 4& -$*&0(-62%-.$ 0#K1& +20 &$C&15&424&0

    _2 *-6-+2$%-2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 0& ++&*2 2 %2K# 0&6Q$ ,$ 25'+-# %2(J+#6# 4& 59(#4#0a &$(1&+#0 %,2+&0 '#4&5#0 4-0(-$6,-1 4#0 612$4&0 61,'#0b

    ,L

    g$*$),/.$, ,.0$Y,b &$ +#0 %,2+&0 0& '1#4,%&$ %#$(2%(# 4-1&%(# '#1 '21(& 4& +#0'1#C&0-#$2+&0 `,& -$(&612$ +#0 0&1*-%-#0 4& *-6-+2$%-2a 6&$&12+5&$(& '212 -$C#1521Y 2%(,21 0#K1& %20#0 %#$%1&(#0M ^-&$&$ 5,Y 2+(2 0&$0-K-+-424a '&1# (-&$&$ %#5#-$%#*&$-&$(& `,& 0#$ %#0(#0#0 Y %#5'+&Z#0 4& 21(-%,+21M

    5L g$*$),/.$, #,4$Y,b &$ +#0 %,2+&0 +#0 0&1*-%-#0 4& *-6-+2$%-2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 1&%-K&$'&1-.4-%25&$(& -$C#15&0 0#K1& +20 4-$J5-%20 4& +20 &$C&15&424&0 &$ &+ J5K-(#6=JC-%# `,& +&0 %#11&0'#$4&M O#$ 59(#4#0 '#%# %#0(#0#0 Y 0&$%-++#0a '&1# %#$5&$#1 0&$0-K-+-424M O#$ &Z&5'+#0 4& *-6-+2$%-2 '20-*2 +#0 0-0(&520 4&)$C&15&424&0 4& I&%+212%-.$ SK+-62(#1-2M

    :&% @,.$(/,) %& g$*$),/.$, "#$%&'$()7*$., H:"@^g"L

    V2%& %#$ +2 _&Y P&$&12+ 4& O2$-424 =>D?EA Y 0& %#$0#+-42 (2+ Y %#5# &0 2%(,2+5&$(& %#$ &+:9 OOIVhINNSa &$ K20& 2+ '1#%&0# &N-0(&$(& 4& 4&0%&$(12+-c2%-.$ 4& +20 %#5'&(&$%-20 &$02$-424M I&04& >DDF 0& 4&Z2$ 2 +20 ""WW +20 %#5'&(&$%-20 '212 +2 21(-%,+2%-.$ 4& 4-%/#00-0(&520 2 $-*&+ 2,(#$.5-%# Y +#0 5&%2$-05#0 '212 `,& 0& /262 ++&621 2+ G)VWU) +2-$C#152%-.$ `,& 0& 1&`,-&12M_20 2U/.$(/&44& +2 G)VWU) 0#$b

    >M L4&$(-C-%21 +#0 '1#K+&520 4& 02+,4 &$ (915-$#0 4& &'-4&5-2a &$4&5-2 Y 1-&06#\M

    )C&%(,21 ,$ %#$(1#+ -$4-*-4,2+ Y %#+&%(-*# 4& +#0 '1#K+&520 4& 02+,4]M

    G&2+-c21 ,$ 2$J+-0-0 &'-4&5-#+.6-%# '212 -4&$(-C-%21 +#0 %25K-#0 &$ +20 (&$4&$%-204& +#0 '1#K+&520 4& 02+,4

    fM

    W'#1(2 -$C#152%-.$ #'&12(-*2 '212 +2 '+2$-C-%2%-.$ 02$-(21-2FM I-C,$4-1 -$C#152%-.$ 2 +#0 4-0(-$(#0 $-*&+&0 20-0(&$%-2+&0 Y '1#C&0-#$2+&0 02$-(21-#0EM )+2K#121 +20 4-0(-$(20 &0(2470(-%20 02$-(21-20

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    20/25

    _2 G&4 &0(J .(/40$0U$%,'#1b,L i/ 4$40&', 5b4$.( %& Y$*$),/.$,a %#5',&0(# '#1b

    )+ 0-0(&52 4& $#(-C-%2%-.$ #K+-62(#1-2 4& &$C&15&424&0 =)IS0A )+ 0-0(&52 4& $#(-C-%2%-.$ 4& &'-4&5-20 Y K1#(&0 &'-495-%#0

    )+ 0-0(&52 4& -$C#152%-.$ 5-%1#K-#+.6-%25L i/ 4$40&', &4#&.+2$.( #,3, ), Y$*$),/.$, %&) DA9^hgAF.L

    C03(4 4$40&',4b %#$0(1,-4#0 4& C#152 4-$J5-%2 Y `,& 0& '#41J$ &0(2K+&%&1 0&6Q$+20 $&%&0-424&0 Y %#5# %#5'+&5&$(# 2 #(1#0 0-0(&520M

    )0(& 0-0(&52 C,$%-#$2 0&6Q$ ,$#0 ,5K12+&0 1&+2%-#$24#0 %#$ +20 &$C&15&424&0 4&4&%+212%-.$ #K+-62(#1-2a 2+ 0,'&1210& ,$# 4& +#0 ,5K12+&0 '212 2+6,$2 4& +20&$C&15&424&0a 0& -$-%-2$ '1#(#%#+#0 4& 2%(,2%-.$M X212 &+ %20# 4& &$C&15&424&0 `,& $#0&2$ )IS0a $# &N-0(&$ ,5K12+&0 %#$%1&(#0a 0-$# `,& 0& -$-%-21J$ 2%(,2%-#$&0 &$ &+5#5&$(# Y 4& +2 C#152 `,& 4&(&15-$&$ +#0 0&1*-%-#0 4& *-6-+2$%-2M

    :&% B,/,3$, %& g$*$),/.$, "#$%&'$()7*$., H:Bg"L

    I&04& >DDF +2 G)VWU) 0& 21(-%,+2 2'#YJ$4#0& &$ +#0 4-0(-$(#0 0&1*-%-#0 4& *-6-+2$%-2&'-4&5-#+.6-%#0 4& +20 ""WWM )0 %#$ &+ 9&.3&0( IWShINNJ %&) O\ %& 4$&'53&%,2$4#%1&2 +2 :&% B,/,3$, %& g$*$),/.$, "#$%&'$()7*$., H:Bg"L'212 '2021 2 %,K1-1 4-%/# '2'&+&$ +2 %#5,$-424 %2$21-2M_20 C,$%-#$&0 `,& &0(2K+&%&$ '212 4-%/2 1&4 0#$b

    >M

    L4&$(-C-%2%-.$ 4& +#0 '1#K+&520 4& 02+,4 &$ (915-$# 4& &'-4&5-2a &$4&5-2 Y 1-&06#\M

    X21(-%-'2%-.$ &$ &+ %#$(1#+ -$4-*-4,2+ Y %#+&%(-*# 4& +#0 '1#K+&520 4& 02+,4]M G&2+-c2%-.$ 4& 2$J+-0-0 &'-4&5-#+.6-%# '212 -4&$(-C-%21 %25K-#0 &$ +2 (&$4&$%-2 Y

    4-0(1-K,%-.$ 4& +#0 '1#K+&520 4& 02+,4a 207 %#5# #(120 -$*&0(-62%-#$&0&'-4&5-#+.6-%20

    fM W'#1(2%-.$ 4& -$C#152%-.$ #'&12(-*2 '212 +2 '+2$-C-%2%-.$FM

    _2 4-C,0-.$ 4& +2 -$C#152%-.$ 2 +#0 $-*&+&0 245-$-0(12(-*#0 Y 20-0(&$%-2+&0%#5'&(&$(&0 (2$(# 4& $,&0(12 "#5,$-424 %#5# 4&+ )0(24# Y +2 e)

    W0-5-05#a (25K-9$ &0(2K+&%& %#5# 2%(-*-424&0 '1#'-20 4& +2 G"U)b

    _2 1&%#6-42 0-0(&5J(-%2 Y %#$(-$,242 4& +2 -$C#152%-.$ &'-4&5-#+.6-%2

    )+ 2$J+-0-0 4& +2 -$C#152%-.$ 1&%#6-42

    _2 -$(&1'1&(2%-.$ 4& +2 -$C#152%-.$ 2$2+-c242

    _2 4-C,0-.$ 4& +#0 1&0,+(24#0

    _2 4-C,0-.$ 4& +20 1&%#5&$42%-#$&0 `,& 4& +#0 1&0,+(24#0 0& 4&1-*&$ _2 %#+2K#12%-.$ &$ +2 &+2K#12%-.$ 4& &0(2470(-%20 '212 C-$&0 &0(2(2+&0

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    21/25

    _2 G&4 "2$21-2 4& U-6-+2$%-2 )'-4&5-#+.6-%2 0& .('#(/&4& 4#0 612$4&0 &+&5&$(#0b

    ,L

    i/ D$40&', Eb4$.( %& g$*$),/.$,a %#5',&0(# '#1b )+ 0-0(&52 4& $#(-C-%2%-.$ #K+-62(#1-2 4& &$C&15&424&0 =)IS0A

    )+ 0-0(&52 4& $#(-C-%2%-.$ 4& &'-4&5-20 Y K1#(&0

    )+ 0-0(&52 4& -$C#152%-.$ 5-%1#K-#+.6-%2 =OL8;"2A5L

    9$Y&34(4 D$40&',4 "4#&.+2$.(4 %& g$*$),/.$, "#$%&'$()7*$.,a %#5',&0(#0 '#10-0(&520 K2024#0 &$ 1&6-0(1#0 4& %20#0a &$%,&0(20 4& 0&1#'1&*2+&$%-2a 0-0(&520%&$(-$&+2a &(%M )$(1& &0(#0 0-0(&520 &0'&%7C-%#0 '#4&5#0 5&$%-#$21b

    _#0 0-0(&520 4& *-6-+2$%-2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 4&+ OLIW

    )+ O-0(&52 )0'&%7C-%# 4& U-6-+2$%-2 )'-4&5-#+.6-%2 4& +2 ^,K&1%,+#0-0^#4#0 +#0 594-%#0 &$ &Z&1%-%-#a -$%+,Y&$4# +#0 `,& &Z&1%&$ &$ &+ J5K-(# '1-*24#a &0(J$

    #K+-624#0 2 C2%-+-(21 +2 -$C#152%-.$ 1&`,&1-42 '#1 +2 G"U) 0&6Q$ +#0 '1#%&4-5-&$(#0&0(2K+&%-4#0 '#1 +2 I-1&%%-.$ P&$&12+ 4& O2+,4 XQK+-%2M e$# &Z&5'+# 4& &0(# 0#$ +20)$C&15&424&0 4& I&%+212%-.$ SK+-62(#1-2 =)IS0AM

    "/2&3'&%,%&4 %& 9&.),3,.$7/ C5)$*,0(3$, H"9CL

    )+ I&%1&(# >EFg>DD?a 5#4-C-%24# '#1 +2 S14&$ 4& >E 4& Z,+-# 4& \@@> 4& +2 "#$0&Z&172 4&O2$-424 Y "#$0,5# &0(2K+&%-&1#$ &+ +-0(24# 2,(#$.5-%# 4& +20 )IS0a `,& '212 "2$21-20%#$0-0(72 &$ ]H &$(-424&0 %+7$-%20M V# #K0(2$(&a 4&04& \@>] Y2 $# &0(J *-6&$(&M)$ &+ 2[# \@>]a +#0 O&1*-%-#0 4& )'-4&5-#+#672 4& +20 ""WW Y +2 W45-$-0(12%-.$ "&$(12+=I-1&%%-.$ P&$&12+ 4& O2+,4 XQK+-%2a I-1&%%-.$ 4& "2+-424 & L$$#*2%-.$ 4&+ 8-$-0(&1-# 4&O2$-424a 8-$-0(&1-# 4& O&1*-%-#0 O#%-2+&0 & L6,2+424 Y "&$(1#0 V2%-#$2+&0 4& )'-4&5-#+#672

    Y 8-%1#K-#+#672 4&+ L$0(-(,(# 4& O2+,4 "21+#0 LLLA %#$%+,Y&1#$ +#0 (12K2Z#0 4& 2%(,2+-c2%-.$4& +2 $#152(-*2 4& +2 G)VWU) '212 242'(21+2 2 +2 &,1#'&2a -$-%-24#0 &$ \@@FM )$ &0(&'1#%&0# 0& 24&%,. 2+ 0-0(&52 4& $#(-C-%2%-.$ 4&0211#++24# '#1 &+ "B9B=B&/03( "U3(#&( %&T3&Y&/.$7/ 6 B(/03()a %1&24# &$ \@@fAM )+ 4#%,5&$(# %#$ +20 5#4-C-%2%-#$&0 1&2+-c2420C,& 2'1#K24# &$ &+ B(/4&a( A/0&30&33$0(3$,) %&) D$40&', @,.$(/,) %& D,)U%&+ \] 4& Z,+-# 4&\@>]M)+ :&,) 9&.3&0( OOIVhINNS %&) OJ %& %$.$&'53&&0(2K+&%& `,& ),4 &40,%+40$.,4 %& "9C4%&5&3b/ &/03&*,34& , ), 9$3&..$7/ Z&/&3,) %& D,)U% Td5)$., %&) D&3Y$.$( B,/,3$( %& D,)U%a+2 %,2+ 0&1J 1&0'#$02K+& 4& 4-C,$4-1+2 &+ 1&0(# 4& $-*&+&0 `,& 1&0,+(&$ $&%&021-#0a %#5# +2G&4 V2%-#$2+ 4& U-6-+2$%-2 )'-4&5-#+.6-%2M V# #K0(2$(&a )(4 #3(2&4$(/,)&4 '=%$.(4 /(

    ))&Y,3b/ , .,5( ), %&.),3,.$7/ %$3&.0,'&/0& , D,)U% Td5)$.,a 0-$# jU& %&5&3b/ /(0$2$.,3 ,),4 9$3&..$(/&4 %& ),4 k3&,4 %& D,)U%a &N%&'(# +#0 594-%#0 4&+ J5K-(# 4& +2 W(&$%-.$)0'&%-2+-c242a `,& 4&K&1J$ $#(-C-%21 2+ 0&1*-%-# 4& Q&%$.$/, T3&Y&/0$Y,M

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    22/25

    @U&Y( )$40,%( %& "/2&3'&%,%&4 %& 9&.),3,.$7/ C5)$*,0(3$,

    9&4,33()),%( #(3 &) B&/03( "U3(#&( %& T3&Y&/.$7/ 6 B(/03() H"B9BL

    ^#3(5,%( #(3 &) B(/4&a( A/0&30&33$0(3$,) %&) D@D &4#,8() &/ OVIK

    "/ Y$*(3 %&4%& &) I %& &/&3( %& OVI\

    >A B#(,+-05#q\A B1,%&+#0-0q]A "25'-+#K2%(&1#0-0fA "21K,$%#qFA ".+&12qEA "1-'(#0'#1-4#0-0HA I&$6,&q?A I-C(&1-2qDA

    )$%&C2+-(-0 (12$05-(-42 '#162112'2(20q

    >@A

    )$%&C2+#'2(72 &0'#$6-C#15&

    (12$05-0-K+& /,52$2>>A)$C&15&424 -$*20#12 '#1 /M

    -$C+,&$c2&>\A)$C&15&424 5&$-$6#%.%-%2q>]A)$C&15&424 $&,5#%.%-%2 -$*20-*2>fA)$C&15&424 '#1 *-1,0 "/-o,$6,$Y2q>FA3-&K1& 2521-++2q>EA3-&K1& 4&+ V-+# S%%-4&$(2+q

    >HA

    3-&K1& &N2$(&5J(-%2 5&4-(&11J$&2q>?A3-&K1& /&5#11J6-%2 *71-%2 =&N%+M

    3-&K1& 2521-++2 Y 4&$6,&/&15#11J6-%#Aq

    >DA3-&K1& r\@A3-&K1& 1&%,11&$(& (12$05-(-42 '#1

    62112'2(20q\>A3-&K1&0 (-C#-4&2 Y '212(-C#-4&2\\AP-21420-0\]A

    P1-'&

    \fA:&'2(-(-0 Wq

    \FA

    :&'2(-(-0 B\EA:&'2(-(-0 "\HA:&1'&0 c.0(&1\?A:-42(-4#0-0\DAL$C&%%-.$ 6#$#%.%-%2]@AL$C&%%-.$ '#1 "/+25Y4-2 ^12%/#52(-0

    =&N%+M _-$C#612$,+#52 *&$91A

    ]>AL$C&%%-.$ '#1 UL:gOLIW]\AL$C&%%-.$ '#1 )M %#+- '1#4,%(#12 4&

    (#N-$2 O/-62gU&1#q]]AL$(#N-%2%-.$ 2+-5&$(21-2 '#1

    %-6,2(&12]fA_&6-#$&+#0-0]FA_&-0/52$-20-0]EA_&'12]HA

    _&'(#0'-1#0-0]?A_-$C#612$,+#52 *&$91]DA

    _-0(&1-#0-0

    f@AS(120 5&$-$6-(-0 =-$%+M (,K&1%,+#020Af>AS(1#0 '1#%&0#0 4-211&-%#0f\AX2+,4-05#f]AX21#(-4-(-0ffAX&0(&qfFAX#+-#5-&+-(-0qfEAG2K-2qfHAG,K9#+2 =&N%+M %#$69$-(2Aq

    f?A

    G,K9#+2 %#$69$-(2qfDAO2+5#$&+#0-0 =&N%+M C-&K1& (-C#-4&2 Y

    '212(-C#-4&2AF@AO2125'-.$qF>AO/-6&+#0-0F\AO7C-+-0 =&N%+M %#$69$-(2AF]AO7C-+-0 %#$69$-(2FfAO7$41#5& 1&0'-12(#1-# 26,4# 612*&qFFA^9(2$#0FEA

    ^#0 C&1-$2

    FHA^#N#'+205#0-0 %#$69$-(2

    F?A

    ^1-`,-$#0-0qFDA^,K&1%,+#0-0E@A^,+21&5-2qE>AU21-%&+2E\AU-1,&+2qE]As&10-0-#$-0

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    23/25

    V# (#420 +20 )IS0 0& 4&%+212$ 4& -6,2+ C#152a &N-0(&$ (1&0 5#42+-424&0 4& 4&%+212%-.$a`,& 4&'&$4&$ C,$425&$(2+5&$(& 4&+ 6124# 4& ,16&$%-2 `,& '1&%-0& +2 $#(-C-%2%-.$M

    ,L

    9&.),3,.$7/ /U'=3$., H&/ %&4U4(Lb &+ 2$(&1-#1 5#4&+# %#$(&5'+2K2 `,& '212%-&1(20 )IS0 0.+# 0& '1&%-02K2 $#(-C-%21 &+ $Q5&1# 4& %20#0 '212 +2 1&2+-c2%-.$ 4&&0(2470(-%20 0&52$2+&0M )$ &0(& (-'# $# 0& 24Z,$(2K2$ 42(#0 4& +#0 '2%-&$(&0a `,&%#$ &+ $,&*# 5#4&+# 0& %#$0-4&12$ 0-&5'1& $&%&021-#0M_2 $,&*2 $#152(-*2 2'1#K242 &$ \@>] '#1 &+ B(/4&a( A/0&30&33$0(3$,) %&) D$40&',@,.$(/,) %& D,)U%&+ \] 4& Z,+-# 4& \@>] &+-5-$2 &0(2 5#42+-424 4& 4&%+212%-.$a0-&$4# 4&04& &$(#$%&0 (#420 +20 &$C&15&424&0 4& 4&%+212%-.$ -$4-*-4,2+-c242a0&52$2+ # ,16&$(&M

    5L 9&.),3,.$7/ $/%$Y$%U,)$>,%, 4&',/,)b 0& 4&%+212$ 4& C#152 -$4-*-4,2+ %242 ,$# 4&+#0 %20#0 0&52$2+5&$(&M _20 &$C&15&424&0 4&%+212K+&0 '#1 &0(2 5#42+-424 0#$(#420 2`,&++20 `,& $# &0(J$ -$%+,7420 &$ +2 4&%+212%-.$ ,16&$(&M@(0,-&$ &+ 2$(&1-#1 0-0(&52 +2 0&52$2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 (&15-$2K2 Y &5'&c2K2 2 +20@@b@@ /#120 &$(1& &+ 0JK24# Y &+ 4#5-$6# =+2 0&52$2 %#5&$c2K2 &$ 4#5-$6#AM "#$+2 1&C#152 4& +20 $,&*20 )IS0a +2 0&52$2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 '202 2 C-$2+-c21 Y%#5&$c21 2 +20 @@b@@ 4& +2 $#%/& &$(1& &+ 4#5-$6# Y &+ +,$&0 =+2 0&52$2&'-4&5-#+.6-%2 &5'-&c2 &+ +,$&0AM

    .L 9&.),3,.$7/ $/%$Y$%U,)$>,%, U3*&/0& HlLb 0& 4&K&$ 4&%+2121 &$ &+ 5#5&$(# 4& 0&14&(&%(2420 4& C#152 (&+&C.$-%2M O& 4&K&$ 4&%+2121 &$ &0(2 5#42+-424b I-C(&1-2a3-&K1& 2521-++2a I&$6,&a 3-&K1& 4&+ V-+# S%%-4&$(2+a B#(,+-05#a ".+&12a :&'2(-(-0 WaL$C&%%-.$ '#1 )0%/&1-%/-2 %#+- '1#4,%(#12 4& (#N-$2 O/-62 # U&1#a ^1-`,-$#0-0aO7$41#5& 1&0'-12(#1-# 26,4# 612*&a )$%&C2+-(-0 (12$05-(-42 '#1 62112'2(20a

    )$C&15&424 '#1 *-1,0 "/-o,$6,$Y2a 3-&K1& &N2$(&5J(-%2 5&4-(&11J$&2a 3-&K1&/&5#11J6-%2 *71-%2 =&N%+,Y& C-&K1& 2521-++2 Y 4&$6,& 612*&Aa 3-&K1& 1&%,11&$(&(12$05-(-42 '#1 62112'2(20a X&0(&a B1,%&+#0-0a "21K,$%#a G2K-2a ^,+21&5-2a)$C&15&424 5&$-$6#%.%-%2a X#+-#5-&+-(-0a G,K9#+2a O2125'-.$ Y U-1,&+2M

    D$0U,.$(/&4 $%='$.,4 ( 53(0&4

    _2 $#(-C-%2%-.$ 4& 0-(,2%-#$&0 &'-495-%20 Y K1#(&0 &0(J 1&%#6-42 &0'&%7C-%25&$(& &$ &+I&%1&(# >EFg>DD? '#1 &+ `,& 0& %1&2 +2 G"U)M )$ +2 $#(-C-%2%-.$ 4& &$C&15&424&0a 0&%#$0-4&121J$ %#5# K1#(& # 0-(,2%-.$ &'-495-%2b

    2A )+ -$%1&5&$(# 0-6$-C-%2(-*# 4& %20#0 %#$ 1&0'&%(# 2 +#0 $-*&+&0 &0'&124#0

    KA

    _2 2'21-%-.$ 4& %20#0 261,'24#0 4& ,$2 &$C&15&424 &$ ,$2 c#$2 /20(2 &$(#$%&0+-K1& 4& &++2 &$ ,$ %#1(# &0'2%-# 4& (-&5'#%A

    W$(& +2 '1&0&$%-2 4& %,2+`,-&1 '1#%&0# 4& -$(#N-%2%-.$ 4&K-42 2 ,$2 &N'#0-%-.$ 2,$ &+&5&$(# %#5Q$ =26,2 4& +2 1&4a 2+-5&$(#0a (.N-%#0 '1&0&$(&0 &$ &+25K-&$(&MMMA

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    24/25

    _2 $#(-C-%2%-.$ 4& +#0 0,',&0(#0 4& 0-(,2%-#$&0 &'-495-%20 # K1#(&0 &0 #K+-62(#1-2 Y (-&$&%21J%(&1 ,16&$(&M _2 4&%+212%-.$ 4& C#152 -$5&4-2(2 '#1 C2Na '#1 (&+9C#$# # '&10#$J$4#0&

    &$ &+ O&1*-%-# 4& )'-4&5-#+#672 4& +2 I-1&%%-.$ P&$&12+ 4& O2+,4 XQK+-%2M)$ &+ %20# 4& `,& 0& '1#4,c%2$ &$ &$(#1$#0 %&1124#0 %#5# &5'1&020a %#+&6-#0a&0(2K+&%-5-&$(#0 4& /#0(&+&172 Y 0-5-+21&0a +#0 4-1&%(#1&0 &0(J$ #K+-624#0 2 4&%+2121 +20-(,2%-.$ Y 2 %#+2K#121 &$ +# `,& +2 G"U) Y +2 I-1&%%-.$ 4& O2+,4 XQK+-%2 4-0'#$62$M",2+`,-&1 '1#C&0-#$2+ 02$-(21-# $# 594-%# `,& 0#0'&%/& +2 &N-0(&$%-2 4& ,$2 0-(,2%-.$ 4&&0(& (-'# 4&K&1J '#$&1+# &$ %#$#%-5-&$(# 4& +2 G"U) Y %#+2K#121 &$ +# `,& +#0 #162$-05#0-5'+-%24#0 4-0'#$62$M_20 0-(,2%-#$&0 &'-495-%20 # K1#(&0 `,& -5'+-`,&$ 2 )IS0 $# &N-5&$ 4& +2 '1#'-24&%+212%-.$ `,& 4&K& /2%&1 2 (12*90 4& +#0 %2,%&0 Y2 4-0',&0(#0 '212 &++#M

    D$40&',4 "4#&.+2$.(4 %& g$*$),/.$, "#$%&'$()7*$.,

    _20 &$C&15&424&0 `,& &+ O&1*-%-# "2$21-# 4& O2+,4 0#5&(& 2 *-6-+2$%-2 &'-4&5-#+.6-%2 2(12*90 4& '1#612520 &0'&%7C-%#0 0#$b

    _&'12

    G,K9#+2 %#$69$-(2

    O7C-+-0 %#$69$-(2

    ^9(2$#0 $$2(2+

    OLIW

    ^,K&1%,+#0-0

    D$40&',4 %& Y$*$),/.$, $%&'$()7*$., %&) DA9^

    I&$(1# 4& +20 )IS0 $# &0(J %#$(&5'+24# &+ OLIWM _2 "#5,$-424 "2$21-2 %,&$(2 %#$ ,$0-0(&52 4& 1&6-0(1# 4& %20#0 4& -$C&%%-.$ '#1 UL:a %##14-$24# %#$ &+ G&6-0(1# V2%-#$2+ 4&+OLIWa 4&$#5-$24# G&6-0(1# 4& OLIW 4& "2$21-20a 4&'&$4-&$(& 4&+ O&1*-%-# 4&

    )'-4&5-#+#672 4& +2 I-1&%%-.$ P&$&12+ 4& O2+,4 XQK+-%2M3,$%-#$2 4& 52$&12 0-5-+21 2+ 0-0(&52 4& 4&%+212%-.$ 4& )IS0a &0(2$4# #K+-624#0 (#4#0+#0 '1#C&0-#$2+&0 594-%#0 4& (#4#0 +#0 J5K-(#0a Y 4&K-&$4# 4&%+21210& (2$(# +#0 %20#04-26$.0(-%24#0 %#5# +20 4&C,$%-#$&0 1&+2%-#$2420 %#$ +2 &$C&15&424M

    D$40&', "4#&.+2$.( %& g$*$),/.$, "#$%&'$()7*$., %& ), ;U5&3.U)(4$4

    _2 S14&$ 4& >E 4& Z,+-# 4& \@@> 4& +2 "#$0&Z&172 4& O2$-424 Y "#$0,5#a 24&5J0 4&5#4-C-%21 &+ +-0(24# 4& )IS0a &0(2K+&%& +2 %1&2%-.$ 4& &0(& 0-0(&52a %,Y2 C-$2+-424 &0 +2'1&*&$%-.$ Y %#$(1#+ 4& +2 (,K&1%,+#0-0 =^B"Aa -$%+,Y&$4# &+ 1&6-0(1# 4& %20#0M)+ 0-0(&52 0& &$%2162 4&b

    V#(-C-%2%-.$ 4& %20#0 4& 0#0'&%/2 4& ^B" V#(-C-%2%-.$ 4& %20#0 %#$C-1524#0 4& ^B"

    V#(-C-%2%-.$ 4& 0-(,2%-#$&0 &'-495-%20 # K1#(&0 4& ^B"

    82$(&$-5-&$(# 4&+ 1&6-0(1# &0'&%7C-%# 4& ^B"

    L$C#152%-.$ 4& K2%-+#0%#'-20 Y %,+(-*#0 %#$ /2++2c6# 4& 5Y%#K2%(&1-,5(,K&1%,+#0-0

  • 7/23/2019 Tema 10 - Epidemiologa

    25/25

    I&(&%%-.$ 2%(-*2 4& %20#0 &$ %&$(1#0 & -$0(-(,%-#$&0

    L$C#152%-.$ 4& %20#0 '1#%&4&$(&0 4& #(1#0 1&6-0(1#0 =OLIWa "8BIA

    X212 +2 4&%+212%-.$ 4& %20#0 0& &0(2K+&%&$ +20 5-0520 (1&0 5#42+-424&0 `,& '212 +20 )IS0Y +20 *720 Y 59(#4#0 0#$ -49$(-%#0b

    I&%+212%-.$ -$4-*-4,2+-c242 0&52$2+ 4& +#0 %20#0 %#$C-1524#0

    I&%+212%-.$ -$4-*-4,2+-c242 ,16&$(& 0.+# &$ %20#0 4& K1#(& &'-495-%# 4& ^B" # &$%20#0 4& 5&$-$6-(-0 (,K&1%,+#02M

    !"#$"%&'()*(>M X#1(2 8 =&4-(#1AM W I-%(-#$21Y #C )'-4&5-#+#6YM F2 &4M V,&*2 s#1ob S1N#14

    e$-*&10-(Y X1&00t \@@?M\M

    B/#'2+ GM "#$%&'(0 #C )'-4&5-#+#6YM L$(&612(-$6 (/& -4&20a (/-&0a '1-$%-'+&0 2$4

    5&(/#40 #C &'-4&5-#+#6YM \2 &4M V,&*2 s#1ob SNC#14 e$-*&10-(Y X1&00t \@@?M]M

    S+0&$ ua "/1-0(&$0&$ @M

    fM O,00&1 8a O,00&1 )M "/##0-$6 2 C,(,1& C#1 &'-4&5-#+#6Yb LM )120 2$4 '2124-650M W5u X,K+-% :&2+(/ >DDEt ?Eb EE?;EH]M

    FM

    X-941#+2 P &( 2+M O2+,4 XQK+-%2 Y 8&4-%-$2 X1&*&$(-*2M B21%&+#$2b 8200#$t \@@>MEM

    "&$(1# V2%-#$2+ 4& )'-4&5-#+#6-2M L$0(-(,(# 4& O2+,4 "21+#0 LLLM G&4 V2%-#$2+ 4&U-6-+2$%-2 )'-4&5-#+.6-%2M X1#(#%#+#0 4& &$C&15&424&0 4& 4&%+212%-.$ #K+-62(#1-2M8241-4a \@>]M