Sandra So Ok Ram

8/13/2019 Sandra So Ok Ram

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Energy Efficiency in the Energy Efficiency in theTourism Sector Tourism Sector

Sandra SookramSandra Sookram



Contents

Introduction The Environmental Impact of Tourism Direct Environmental Impacts What’s in it for Tourism? Energy Use in the Tourism Sector: Caribbean

Energy Efficiency Opportunities in AccommodationFacilities

Economic Benefits of Sustainable Tourism in

Accommodation: Energy Efficiency Travel: Energy Efficient Mitigation Measures Agenda 21

The Caribbean’s Response Conclusion



Introduction

Tourism is an important source of income for theCaribbean.

Its significance is related to the quantity of tourism-

related services associated with the sector Tourism can be defined as “ the activities of persons travelling

to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more

than one consecutive year ”. Working definition of CDB:

Includes all economic activity of businesses providing services to

and receiving payment directly from tourists. Tourists are defined to be visitors staying more than 24 hours.

‘Smokeless’ industry?



The Environmental Impact of Tourism

Direct Impacts

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Indirect Impacts

Upstream impacts – service providers’ability to influence suppliers

Downstream Impacts – service providers can influence the behaviour

or consumption patterns of customers.



Direct Environmental Impacts

Resource Use

Energy Consumption

Electricity: Energy source for electric lamps, motor-drivenappliances and electronic devices

Thermal energy: Energy source for heating applications

Conventional Hotels are large energy consumers

Depending on electricity cost, electricity could be the

second highest operating cost after labour.

Water Consumption - Hotels and their guests consumevast quantities of water.



Direct Environmental Impacts( Continued)

Pollution and Waste Outputs

Water Quality: construction andmaintenance of tourist infrastructure,recreational boating and the cruise industry.

Air Quality: most tourism-related air pollution comes from automobiles andaircrafts- at present the sector’s currentcontribution to global greenhouse gasemissions is 5% of global anthropogenicemissions



Direct Environmental Impacts( Continued)

Source CO (Mt) % to Totalemission from

Tourism

Air Transport 517 39.6

Other Transport 468 35.8

Accommodation 274 21.0

Other Activities 45 3.4Total 1,307 100

Total World emission 26,400

Tourism’s share 4.95%

Emissions from Global Tourism in 2005



Direct Environmental Impacts (Continued)

Major mitigation strategies to address greenhousegas emissions from tourism:

1) reducing energy use

2) improving energy efficiency

3) increasing the use of renewable energy

4) sequestering carbon through sinks.



Direct and Indirect Carbon Emissions

Sources – Tourism Sector

Source: World Economic Forum: Towards a low Carbon Travel and Tourism Sector



What’s in it for Tourism?

Benefits

Increased competitiveness of the sector

Reduction of environmental pollution

Increase in the energy security of theeconomy

Economic and employment spin-offs



Energy Use in the Tourism Sector

Energy Using Activities Accommodation facilities

Diversity of accommodation facilities Transportation

Different modes of travel



Accommodation: Energy Use in

Caribbean



Energy Efficiency Opportunities in

Accommodation Facilities

Energy efficiency gains can be achieved by: Replacing standard with higher-efficiency

products

Introducing advanced systems to controland manage energy use

Retrofitting the building envelope

Improving operation and maintenance

practices



Economic Benefits of Sustainable Tourism in

Accommodation: Energy Efficiency Many energy saving opportunities require little or no up

front investment.

The premium cost of more resource-efficient systems willquickly be recovered through reduced facility costs

More efficient use of resources, reduced demand, andreduced waste generation will lead to lower operatingand maintenance costs.

Most of these savings will appear as profits.

US$1:00 = US$6.27

T l L d T t E i i



Travel: Land Transport Emissions

Tourism Sector - 2005



Travel: Energy Efficient Mitigation

Measures Encourage modal-shift from cars to mass-transit

systems (bus and rails).

Acceleration of fleet renewal with more fuelefficient planes

Removal of infrastructure inefficiencies in theairspace and air-traffic management

Integration of international aviation in the post-Kyoto climate change agreement at a global sectorlevel



Agenda 21

Agenda 21 is a plan of action for the Travel and Tourism

Industry. The ten priority areas of concern are:

waste minimization energy efficiency, conservation and management

management of fresh water resources

waste water management hazardous substances transport

land-use planning and management

involving staff, customers, communities inenvironment issues

design for sustainability

partnerships for sustainable development



The Caribbean’s Response

The Caribbean tourism sector has taken a major steptowards energy efficiency within the hotel industry.

The region’s public and private sector tourismgroupings, the Caribbean Tourism Organization and theCaribbean Hotel & Tourism Association have launched a24-month project to help the Caribbean hotel sector move

towards energy efficiency.

The $2 million Caribbean Hotel Energy Efficiency ActionProgram is meant to drive the Caribbean hotels to

implement energy efficient practices and to generate theirown renewable energy.

This is expected to improve their competitivenessthrough improved energy use



The Caribbean’s Response (continued)

Design and preparation of the energy efficiency program and institutional strengthening.

performing detailed energy audits and understanding

energy consumption patterns among Caribbean hotels.

Support for the preparation of policy in energyefficiency for the tourism sector;

Assessing Caribbean energy service companies andtheir potential to service the tourism sector; and energyconsumption surveys.



Conclusion

Within the accommodation sector, private homes and hotels arethe primary contributors to energy use. Energy saving measures

need to be tailored toward individual operators.

The greatest energy saving potential exists by targeting the

behaviour of domestic tourists, in particular that related totransport, primarily air travel and private cars.

Within the transport sector, domestic air travel and cars (private

and rental) are the primary contributors to energy use.

Increase awareness of energy consumption issues among tourists.

Develop strategies for each tourist type to reduce energy use.

Continuous data collection and research in the area would give usthe results of energy saving strategies.



Thank you for your attention

Sandra So Ok Ram

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