Jusco Nmcc Scada(Avinash Kumar)

7/25/2019 Jusco Nmcc Scada(Avinash Kumar)

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SCADA System

ForDigital

Electrical Distribution

Network Monitoring,Control & Maintainence

Mentor:Mr.Kaustav Banerjee

Submitted Under

Guidance Of

Mr.Sumit Ranjan Sinha

Mr.Dharam Vir Kumar

Officer NMCC

Submitted By:

Avinash Kumar

Btech 4thSemester

B.M Group of institutions

B.M College of Tech & Mgmt

Id Card No:J/VT-15/1046


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CERTIFICATE

TO WHOM MAY BE CONCERN

This is to certified that Mr. Avinash kumarof Btech 4th

Sem of B.M College of Tech & Mgmthad done

bonafide work on project entitled SCADA System For Digital Electrical Distribution

Network Monitoring,Control & Maintainenceunder Our guidance and supervision in Mr.

Sumit Ranjan Sinhaand Mr. Dharam Vir Kumarat Jamshedpur Utility & Services Company limited

(JUSCO) As per the Practical training prescribed in His University Syllabus To the best of my

knowledge and belief, the same project has not been submitted to any university or institute.


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cknowledgement

I, Avinash Kumar student of Branch Electronic and Communication 4th

Sem here by being thankful

to JUSCO for allowing me to undergo training session of one month, secondary member Mr. Sumit

Ranjan Sinha and Mr. DharamVir Kumar, whose guidance allowed me to inherit knowledge,

experience and skill during my training period and to all safety officers and site inspection staff for

their sincere cooperation at every step, lastly to all site workers battling to the tough seen which

never had been an easy for them but their working and handling things taught me much more than

just theoretical knowledge.


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INDEX

1) Jamshedpur Utility and Services Company (JUSCO)

2) Network monitoring and Control Center

3) SCADA and its Architecture

4) Field Engineering

a) GPRS based communication

b) Fiber Optics based communication

5) Control Room Engineering

a) Different types of Servers.

b) WS-500 used for view.

6) Benefits of Implementing SCADA in power distribution network.


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Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company (JUCSO)

Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company (Jusco) is India's only comprehensive urban infrastructure service provider.

Carved out of Tata Steel, from its Town Services Division in 2004, the company's mandate was to convert an obligatory

service into a customer-focused sustainable corporate entity. Juscos core competency is creation and subsequent operation

and maintenance of urban infrastructure and services.

Areas of business

Engineering procurement and construction: Planning, development and maintenance of township infrastructure.

Power services division: Operation and maintenance of power infrastructure and distribution of power.

Integrated township management: Providing civic and municipal services in an integrated manner in a full-fledged municipal area.

In a first of a kind initiative in India, the Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company (JUSCO) was carved out of Tat

from its Town Services Division in 2004. In JUSCO, the steel major reposed nine decades of experience and expertis

mandate for JUSCO was to convert an obligatory service into a customer focused sustainable corporate entity.

Jamshedpur Utilities & Services Company is today Indias only comprehensive urban infrastructure service provider.

Enterprise, its services focus on the Tata Group Purpose to improve the quality of life of the communities we serve.

The Group purpose is reflected in JUSCOs Mission of providing quality services for life. Its services include

power, infrastructure, public health and horticulture services. JUSCO works alongside civic bodies, large and

industries, local government bodies, communities and individuals to deliver value through sustainable solutions.

The Company believes that a clear sense of the Tata Values and Mission allows it to achieve immense clarity on its r

the future. JUSCO intends to rise to the challenge of meeting India's need for infrastructure development in a sust

manner by anticipating and addressing the country's growth needs such that the ability of future generations to meet the

needs is not compromised.

Areas of business of JUSCO are:

1)Engineering procurement and construction: JUSCO offers design, construction and turnkey services as

comprehensive EPC services; according to individual needs, it undertakes end-to-end projects or provides stand

solutions in the areas of:

Building & Industrial Construction geared to provide EPC Services as well as exclusive constructionsolutions for Residential/ Commercial/ Industrial/ Recreational requirements.

Road Construction & Maintenancefacilitating economic growth

Design & Planning Consultancy understanding and delivering the physical planning, architectural andstructural needs of modern townships

Township Managementsolutions for Indias urban growth & development

JUSCO has a strong commitment towards the safety of the people and community it interacts and hence takes

extreme precaution with every piece of infrastructure we build. JUSCO has 3 strategic business verticals under EPC:

Industrial Construction

Design and Township Management

2)Integrated Township Management:Unless forewarned first time visitors to the city of Jamshedpur, modern India

planned city, do expect to see the wide-open landscaped spaces, parks and gardens, tree-lined avenues, that envelop

million tonne steel plant. This balance between the environment, urban space and bustling industrial enterpris

responsibly been managed by JUSCO since the inception of the steel city in the early part of the 20th century.
http://www.juscoltd.com/industrial-construction.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/design-and-town-planning.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/design-and-town-planning.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/industrial-construction.asp


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Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company Limited (JUSCO), spawned from the erstwhile Town Services Division

of Tata Steel in 2004, has ensured that challenges posed by the surge in urban growth, aspiration for a world-class

city with the best quality of life in India have progressively been met. The Company consistently focuses on

managing civic amenities and resources efficiently and responsibly so as to make them available and affordable for

the last mile consumer.

To unlock the urban productivity dividend JUSCO focuses on enhancing the quality of life of the residents of the

steel city through sustained and public-private partnerships for infrastructure development. Jamshedpur today has

among the highest per capita incomes in the country and is rated among the best cities to live in by its residents.

Civil & Electrical Maintenance

Water Management

Municipal Solid Waste Management

City Roads

Horticulture Services

3)Power service division

Power Availabilityensuring clean and reliable power at the doorstep of every consumer

Household Consumersenjoy the highest per capita power consumption in the country. Industrial consumersgrowth needs are matched by continuously augmenting infrastructure.

Municipal Functions.

Improvement in efficiencies.

Power division services is divided in two areas:

a)Saraikela and Kharsawan

b) Jamshedpur.

In Jamshedpur the monitoring and control of power division is taken care by a unit of JUSCO named NMCC (Netw

Monitoring And Control System
http://www.juscoltd.com/civil-and-electrical-maintenance.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/water-management.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/municipal-solid-waste-management.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/city-roads.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/horticulture-services.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/horticulture-services.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/city-roads.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/municipal-solid-waste-management.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/water-management.asphttp://www.juscoltd.com/civil-and-electrical-maintenance.asp


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Networking Monitoring and Control Centre-JUSCO

NMCC is unit of JUSCO which monitors and control the distribution of power to different areas coming under it area

of supervision though system, called SCADA.

NMCC unit has been newly established and inaugurated in February 2015 for monitoring.

NMCC does the work of:

Monitoring through SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition).

JUSCO inaugurated the Network Monitoring and Control Center of Power Services Division on february 10,

2015. Jamshedpur is one of the few cities in India which has implemented such a monitoring system of distribution

network right upto the distribution transformers. JUSCO distributes power on behalf of Tata Steel in its command

area of 64 sq.km in Jamshedpur. The electrical distribution network is spread across the city connecting

approximately 500 High Tension installations. These installations include substations, distribution substations, switch

houses and other installations to supply power to consumers. In order to minimize the duration of power outages,

these installations are required to be continuously monitored by collecting its real time information about its status.

The present system of manual monitoring for any kind of interruption is time consuming & cumbersome. It also lacks

a central place where real time data (viz. load conditions, breaker status, voltage levels) of substations and consumers

can be monitored.

Required information and data needs to be collected for each case manually from field as and when required. Thislimits decision making on system control, operation and maintenance.

Seizing the opportunity to improve monitoring and control of the town power distribution leading to reduction in

operational delays, enhancement of manpower productivity and enhanced customer satisfaction, Jusco has

implemented Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems for power distribution management in

Jamshedpur.

SCADA is a real-time industrial process control system used to centrally monitor and control remote or local

industrial equipment.

SCADA & Distribution Network

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. It is a system operating with coded signals over

communication channels so as to provide control of remote equipment (using typically one communication channel

per remote station). The control system may be combined with a data acquisition system by adding the use of coded

signals over communication channels to acquire information about the status of the remote equipment for display or

for recording functions. It is a type ofindustrial control system(ICS). Industrial control systems arecomputer-based

systems that monitor and control industrial processes that exist in the physical world. SCADA systems historically

distinguish themselves from other ICS systems by being large-scale processes that can include multiple sites, and

large distances. These processes include industrial, infrastructure, and facility-based processes, as described below:

Industrial processes include those of manufacturing, production,power generation,fabrication,and refining,

and may run in continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete modes.

Infrastructureprocesses may be public or private, and includewater treatmentand distribution, wastewater

collection andtreatment,oil and gas pipelines,electrical power transmission anddistribution,wind farms,civil

defense sirensystems, and large communication systems.

Facility processes occur both in public facilities and private ones, including buildings,airports,ships,

andspace stations.They monitor and controlheating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC),access,

andenergy consumption.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_control_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_control_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_control_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrication_(metal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrication_(metal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_water_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_water_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_transport#For_oil_or_natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_defense_sirenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_defense_sirenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_defense_sirenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship#Todayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship#Todayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_defense_sirenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_defense_sirenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_transport#For_oil_or_natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_water_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrication_(metal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_control_system


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JUSCO uses SCADA for power distribution through its unit called NMCC.SCADA is basically combination of

hardware and software used to automate industries with the help of networking unlike Programmable Logic

Control(PLC)the earlier version of SCADA which did not have networking facility.

So, the working of the SCADA can be shown as:

Auxiliary Memory

CPUProgram Input

output

Computer Interface

Display and

Control Console

RTU FRTU RTU


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IN JUSCO the hardware and software is provided by the company ABB to implement SCADA.

Software used for SCADA operations and view is WS-500

Software used for development are : 1) DE (Data Engineering)

2) PED (Picture Editor)

TCS has implement the SCADA for JUSCO

WS-500 has two parts:

1) Control System Overview: Tells Network related equipment status.

2) Power System overview: Tells substation status and sends control actions if required.

JUSCO has 3 level voltage transmissions-132 KV (Extra High Voltage), 6.6 KV (High Voltage) ,33KV( High Voltage).It has

divided its substations in 2 parts depending upon various factors like no of other substations connected, revenue generated

etc.

Very Important Substation: These substations have top priority and black outs cannot be afforded in these areas for longer

duration. So for these substations communication takes place through optical fibers which is expensive to install and maintain

but more reliable. There are nine (9) sub-station which JUSCO has placed under this category.

Less Important Sub-stations: All other substations come under this category. In these substations communication takes place

through GPRS.

The monitoring and control of power distribution requires two types of engineering

1) Field Engineering

2) Control Room Engineering.


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Field Engineering:

It includes the data taken as input from the substations and switch houses for monitoring purpose and data given as output to

substations and switch houses for controlling.

Distribution has component types:

Transformer

Breaker

Transformer: Transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between two circuits thorough electromagnetic

induction. Its work is to regulate the voltage of alternating current in electric power applications.

Transformer cooling methods are following:

Oil temperature

Force temperature

Winding temperature

Breaker: A breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage

caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse,

which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume

normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household

appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city

Breakers have digital input are following:

ON

OFF

TRIP

Energy Meter

Fig: Breaker


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Auxiliary Contact:A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a

switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control

a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several

circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they

repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in

telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.

A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a

contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform

switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect

electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital

instruments still called "protective relays".

Auxiliary contacts are secondary switching devices that work in conjunction with primary switching equipment such as

circuit breakers, relays, and contactors. These contacts are physically linked to the main switching mechanism and activate at

the same time it does. They are commonly used as interlocks or retainers on the primary device's control circuit and often

used to give indication of its state of operation. Many contactors and circuit breakers feature sets of auxiliary contacts as

integral parts or they may be modular snap on units which can be added or removed as required. They are available with

either normally open or normally closed contact points or a combination of both.

Fig: Auxiliary Contacts

Main circuit switching devices, such as circuit breakers and contactors, often require additional switching functions over and

above those of their primary contacts. These include remote indication of their status, trip function indication, electrical

interlocks, and start circuit retainers. These functions have no physical bearing on the main circuit and stand alone. In

addition, the voltage used for these auxiliary circuits will typically be far lower than that of the main circuit. To achieve this

simultaneous yet separate switching, auxiliary contact points activate along with the primary device. These are generally a lot

smaller and rated at lower current values than those of the main device.

One of the main uses of auxiliary contacts is the electrical retainer circuit. This is a control circuit function that allows the useof momentary, push type buttons to start motors and other equipment. Another common function of these contacts is remote

status and trip indication. A separate, low voltage circuit is run through the auxiliary to a remote indication lamp that

illuminates when the device is activated or trips. Auxiliary contact points may also be used to switch on ancillary equipment,

such as starter panel cooling fans, when the contactor activates.

There are two basic auxiliary contact types: those that are closed in the non-activated state or those that are open. These are

known as normally closed (N/C) and normally open (N/O) contacts. The N/C contacts are, for example, used as electrical

interlocks where two contactors are used for forward/reverse operation. The control circuit for one contactor will run through


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the N/C auxiliary on the other. This means that one cannot be inadvertently started while the other is operating. The N/O

contacts are generally used to switch on status indication lamps and act as retainer circuits.

Data taken as input from the field which mainly includes breaker and transformer in case of substation and breakers in case of

switch houses include:

1) Data taken as input from Breaker: On-Off status, tripping status in case of any fault which is acquired from the relay

placed on the breaker and energy meter reading which includes voltage, current, power etc values.

2) Data taken as input from transformers: Oil temperature and winding temperature.

The input data comes from the field in digital form. The electrical parameters are converted into digital at various substations

and send through GPRS in case of less important substations and through optical fibers in case of more important substations

to the server located at NMCC.

For checking the on-off status of the breaker auxiliary contacts are attached to the moving end of the breaker. The auxiliary

contacts can be of two types-with potential and potential free contact .JUSCO uses potential free auxiliary contact.

In case of Potential free auxiliary contact, a +24Volts supply is applied to the contact to complete the circuit. Any changes in

the breaker status affects this 24 volts supply circuit and hence indicating the change in breaker status. This change in status

of the breaker is recorded in PLC card (Programmable Logic control) which uses FBD (Functional Block diagram) for itsprogramming.

So, Field Data comes to NMCC sever by two ways:

GPRS based communication: The data taken from the less important substations as input at NMCC for monitoring through

GPRS

Optical Fiber based communication: The data from very important substations are taken as input from NMCC through OFC.

GPRS Based Communication: The data from the field comes to NMCC server as input through GPRS. For GPRS based

communication FRTU is used. The data from the field comes to NMCC server as input through GPRS. For GPRS based

communication FRTU is connected to

Arctic Modbus Gateway effectively integrates serial Modbus devices to IP based management systems via Ethernet, GPRS

and EDGE. This is achieved by protocol conversion from Modbus serial protocols to Modbus TCP protocol and vice versa.

Combining this to many other Modbus specific features Arctic Modbus Gateway is powerful and flexible building block for

industrial Modbus communication. Also mobile operator independent systems (when GPRS/EDGE is used) can be built with

Viola M2M Gateway which provides virtual static IP addresses and VPN connections for Arctic devices.

The Modbus protocol family is a vendor-independent industrial communication standard supported by industrial automation

control units (PLCs, RTUs, data loggers, sensors etc.) and controlling software such as SCADA programs. Usually field

devices use serial mode (RTU or ASCII) protocol where as control network communication uses Modbus TCP protocol. The

Modbus user community has defined gateway functionality for required protocol integration. This functionality (protocol

conversion) is implemented in Arctic Modbus Gateway. Arctic Modbus Gateway offers powerful and easy-to-use features for

building wireless communication networks for distributed industrial systems. Also local area networks can be effectively

built by the Ethernet version of Arctic Modbus Gateway. Many industrial devices like PLCs and data loggers support RS-485Modbus RTU protocol. Arctic Modbus Gateway can integrate unlimited number of serial slaves to IP network. All Modbus

protocol versions are supported!

Arctic Modbus Gateway can also be used as a serial slave at the SCADA end in the systems where SCADA is not supporting

Modbus TCP. In this case Arctic Modbus Gateway is connected to SCADA machines serial port (Modbus RTU) and it is

routing serial Modbus messages from SCADA to a single Modbus TCP recipient (Acting as a Modbus TCP master for it)

thus avoiding message broad-casting and extra network traffic over wireless GPRS/EDGE networks.


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GPRS M2M Gateway

Feeder remote terminal unit (FRTU): Field Engineers are on the front line, involved in every phase of our businessfrom

acquiring the first data needed for drilling decisions to designing plans for long-range development of complex multiwall,

multi reservoir fields. They provide this data from some of the worlds toughest environments. This product containing

switch controller and terminal device controls switches with host server. The size is smaller than existing product, and the

economic efficiency is higher. And it improves the efficiency of the distribution automation system by providing various

services such as power quality monitoring function.

The FRTU is placed on the breaker for sending input data taken from the breaker to server placed at NMCC for monitoring

purpose. FRTU is basically used for GSM based communication and controlling cannot be done. RTU (Remote Terminal

Unit) is the advanced version of FRTU and is basically used for Optical Fiber based communication. FRTU consists of PLC

card, GSM card, router, terminal block, +24 volt power supply to complete auxiliary contact circuit.

Fig: FRTU

Parts of FRTU:

PLC Card

GPRS

Gateway24V

Supply

Terminal

Block


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GPRS Gateway: A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. A router

00is connected to two or more data lines from different network (as opposed to a network switch, which connects

data lines from one single network). When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the address

information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. This creates

an overlay internetwork. Routers perform the traffic directing function on the Internet. A data packet is typically

forwarded from one router to another through the networks that constitute the internetwork until it reaches its

destination node.

Fig: Router

Terminal Block: Terminal Blocks are available in pluggable and fixed configurations in various pitch-sizes and

wire sizes, for signal and power solutions. The proven rising-cage-clamp technology ensures long-life, reliable

connections, especially for demanding applications in industrial, instrumentation and communication environments.

Fig: Terminal Block

24V Power Supply: It is used to provide potential to the potential free auxiliary contacts .This potential is provided

to complete the circuit. Any kind of change in this circuit indicates the change in the status of the breaker.

Fig: 24v supply

.


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PLC Card: A programmable logic controller is a specialized computer used to control machines and processes. It

therefore shares common terms with typical PCs like central processing unit, memory, software and

communications. Unlike a personal computer though thePLC is designed to survive in a rugged industrial

atmosphere and to be very flexible in how it interfaces with inputs and outputs to the real world.

The components that make a PLC work can be divided into three core areas.

The power supply and rack The central processing unit (CPU)

The input/output (I/O) section

PLCs come in many shapes and sizes. They can be so small as to fit in your shirt pocket while more involved controls

systems require large PLC racks. Smaller PLCs (a.k.a. bricks) are typically designed with fixed I/O points. For our

consideration, well look at the more modular rack based systems. Its called modular because the rack can accept many

different types of I/O modules that simply slide into the rack and plug in. The Functional Body Diagram (FBD) is used for the

programming of PLC card.In FBD Commonly we use Gates. Like "OR" , "AND" & "NOT" etc.The Input to these Gates are

"0" & "1" or Low & High. And output is corresponding to the Gates used as in Electronics.

Fig: PLC Card Reader

The Basic Field Wiring

Contacts of breaker are one fixed and one moving. The moving contact of the breaker is connected to auxiliary contactwhich is of Normally Open (NO) and Normally Closed (NC) type. These NO and NC contacts are connected to the

PLC card through terminal block to indicate On-Off status of the breaker. A +24V supply is also connected to complete

the circuit.

Any movement in moving contacts of breakers brings about a change in NO and NC contacts of auxiliary contact andhence indicates the status of breaker on PLC card which converts this electrical data into digital data and the output of

PLC card is send to router which finally send the data to the server at NMCC through cloud computing or GPRS.

Tripping is sensed by the relay placed on the breaker which is connected to PLC card through terminal block and a+24V supply is used to complete the circuit, hence giving the information of tripping of breaker in case any fault occurs

and this data is send to server in similar way through GPRS.

The Energy meteris also placed on the breaker whose readings is taken as input for monitoring and control. JUSCO uses

energy meter made by two companies-SECURE and LnT.

Two type of communication takes place through energy meter

1) Serial Data Communication: Data flow in the form of FIFO (First In First Out)

2) Packet Data Communication: Data flows in the form of packets.
http://www.plcdev.com/glossary/1?Arrayhttp://www.plcdev.com/glossary/1?Arrayhttp://www.plcdev.com/glossary/1?Arrayhttp://www.plcdev.com/glossary/1?Array


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JUSCO uses energy meter from two companies:

a) SECURE

b) L&T

Type of Energy Meter:

1) Secure:

Secure premier 300:Premier is the family of CT/VT operated meters, which covers a wide range of power levels and

offers flexible time-of-use tariff metering and communications capabilities. Premier 300 is the latest offering from this

family having enhanced event detection facility and interoperable DLMS communication protocol. It is available in

various accuracy classes and wiring configurations.

Secure premier 250:Premier is the family CT/VT operated meters, which covers a wide range of power levels, and

offers flexible time of use tariff metering and communications capabilities. Premier 250 is the latest offering from this

family having enhanced event detection facility and interoperable DLMS communication protocol. It is available in

various accuracy classes and wiring configurations.

2) L & T ER300P: Electronic Trivector meter, ER300P PRIDE is a multipurpose unit which integrates several

functions and replaces various equipment for metering energy parameter. It is light, compact and highly reliable. L&T

has indigenously designed and developed the same at its state-of-the-art manufacturing facility in Mysore. It is well

suited for Indian transmission and distribution network and can be used for unidirectional or bi-directional metering,

TOD metering, and for energy management. It is available for both HT and LT applications.

In case of SECURE energy meters:

RJ-11 port is used to take data from the energy meter. This port is a communication port. A serial data convertor is attached

to the port RJ11 to convert data into serial data port that is RS485. The output of the serial data convertor is send to router

which finally sends data to NMCC server through GPRS or cloud computing.

Fig: Energy Meter Fig: Serial Data Convertor


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Fig: Flow of Energy Meter Data

In case of L&T energy meters data is directly taken from port RS485 which is a serial data communication port.

More than one energy meter can also be connected in cascade form through the serial data convertor and the output of last

serial data convertor is send to the router. This can be done as:

In case of SECURE energy meter there are two ports in serial data convertor. The upper port is connected to RJ11 port of the

energy meter and the lower port is connected to serial data convertor whose other port is connected to other energy meter

communication port (RJ-11) which is to be connected in cascade. All the cascaded energy meters are given slave ID to

differentiate data is coming from which energy meter. All these data finally goes to RTU or FRTU.

L&T meters can be directly connected in cascade and slave id is given to recognize which data is coming from which energy

meter.

Fig: Energy Meters Connected in Cascade with each other

The data taken from the energy meter via serial data convertor and the data for the status of breaker taken via PLC cardgoes to GPRS. This data from the GPRS goes to the cloud server. The cloud computing data comes to NMCC server

through M to M communication. M to M is basically a gateway through which data flows.

Optical Fiber communication/ Fiber optics (FO) based communication: In more important substations the data is taken

as input at NMCC server through optical fiber also known as fiber optics. For this RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is placed in

the field for giving out data input for monitoring and taking data output from NMCC for control.

Optical Fiber based communication:The data from very important substations are taken as input from NMCC through

OFC.

Fiber optics (optical fibers)are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the size of a human hair. They are arranged in

bundles called optical cables and used to transmit signals over long distances.


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F iber Opti c Data Transmission Systems

Fiber optic data transmission systems send information over fiber by turning electronic signals into light.

Light refers to more than the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is near to what is visible to the human eye.

The electromagnetic spectrum is composed of visible and near-infrared light like that transmitted by fiber, and all

other wavelengths used to transmit signals such as AM and FM radio and television.

The electromagnetic spectrum.

Only a very small part of it is perceived by the human eye as light.

Fiber Optics Transmission

Low Attenuation

Very High Bandwidth (THz)

Small Size and Low Weight

No Electromagnetic Interference

Low Security Risk

Elements of Optical Transmission

oElectrical-to-optical Transducers

oOptical Media

oOptical-to-electrical Transducers

oDigital Signal Processing, repeaters and clock recovery.

Types of Optical Fiber

Multi Mode:

(a) Step-indexCore and Cladding material has uniform but different refractive index.

(b) Graded IndexCore material has variable index as a function of the radial distance from the center.

Single Mode: The core diameter is almost equal to the wave length of the emitted light so that it propagates along a single

path.

Transducers

Electrical-to-Optical Transducers

o LED - Light Emitting Diode is inexpensive, reliable but can support only lower bandwidth.

o LDLaser Diode provides high bandwidth and narrow spectrum.

Optical-to-Electrical Transducers


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o PIN Diode - Silicone or InGaAs based p-i-n Diode operates well at low bandwidth.

o Avalanche DiodeSilicone or InGaAs Diode with internal gain can work with high data rate.

BW Capacity of Fiber Optics

To give perspective to the incredible capacity that fibers are moving toward, a10-Gbps signal has the ability to

transmit any of the following per second:

1000 books

130,000 voice channels

16 high-definition TV (HDTV) channels or 100 HDTV channels using compression techniques. (a HDTV channelrequires a much higher bandwidth than todays standard television).

Transmission Limitations

Transmission over fiber is limited by the attenuation and dispersion.

Multimode fibers may experience

o Multimode dispersion: The delayed rays cause pulse spreading

o Chromatic dispersion: Individual wavelengths may travel at different speeds.

Dispersion creates an inherent operational limit defined as a bandwidth-distance product (BDP).

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU): A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that

interfaces objects in the physical world to a distributed control system or SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition)

system by transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by using messages from the master supervisory system to

control connected objects.[1] Another term that may be used for RTU is remote telecontrol unit.

An RTU monitors the field digital and analog parameters and transmits data to the Central Monitoring Station. It contains

setup software to connect data input streams to data output streams, define communication protocols, and troubleshoot

installation problems.

An RTU may consist of one complex circuit card consisting of various sections needed to do a custom fitted function or may

consist of many circuit cards including CPU or processing with communications interface(s), and one or more of the


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following: (AI) analog input, (DI) digital input, (DO/CO) digital or control (relay) output, or (AO) analog output card(s).

Fig: RTU

An RTU consists of:

Power supply: A form of power supply will be included for operation from the AC mains for various CPU, statuswetting voltages and other interface cards. This may consist of AC to DC converters where operated from a station

battery system.

RTUs may include a battery and charger circuitry to continue operation in event of AC power failure for critical applications

where a station battery is not available. This is done with the help of DC to DC convertor which coverts 110V DC from the

battery bank to 24V DC which is used to provide potential to the various cards.

Fig: DC to DC convertor

Digital inputs: Most RTUs incorporate an input section or input status cards to acquire two state real portion. This is usually

accomplished by using an isolated voltage or current source to sense the position of a remote contact (open or closed) at the

RTU site. This contact position may represent many different devices, including electrical breakers, liquid valve positions,

alarm conditions, and mechanical and positions of devices.

Fig: Digital Input


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Analog inputs: An RTU can monitor analog inputs of different types including 0-1 mA, 420 mA current loop, 010 V.,2.5 V, 5.0 V etc. Many RTU inputs buffer larger quantities via transducers to convert and isolate real world quantities

from sensitive RTU input levels. An RTU can also receive analog data via a communication system from a master or

IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) sending data values to it.

Fig: Analog Input card

The RTU or host system translates and scales this raw data into the appropriate units such as gallons of water left,

temperature degrees, or Megawatts, before presenting the data to the user via the HMI.

Digital (control) outputs: RTUs may drive high current capacity relays to a digital output (or "DO") board to switchpower on and off to devices in the field. The DO board switches voltage to the coil in the relay, which closes the high

current contacts, which completes the power circuit to the device.

Fig: Digital Output Card

RTU outputs may also consist of driving a sensitive logic input on an electronic PLC, or other electronic device using a

sensitive 5 V input.

Analog outputs:While not as commonly used, analog outputs may be included to control devices that require varying

quantities, such as graphic recording instruments (strip charts). Summed or massaged data quantities may be generatedin a master SCADA system and output for display locally or remotely, wherever needed.

Communication Card Unit (CMU): All the information from DI and DO cards goes to CMU and from Ethernet portof CMU the data is send to switch where it gets converted into optical data from digital data and transmitted through FO

to NMCC server. The data of the energy meter and AI is also send to CMU.

Adapter Card: This card is used to link various DI, DO and AI cards present in different rows and send the data ofthese cards to CMU.


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24V relay: For controlling the breaker requires a high voltage of 110V.But the DO and DI cards works on a very lowvoltage of 5V.On DO card a relay is used to convert 5V to 24V and this 24V is further converted into 110V with the

help of relay switches to switch on or off the breakers.

Fig: Relay Switch

In RTU data outputs (DO) can also be given for controlling unlike FRTU. The optical fiber is connected to the RTU through

a switch which converts digital data into optical data so that it can be transmitted through optical fiber and reach to NMCC.

The nine important substations are connected to each other in the form of ring so that even if the FO cable of one ring gets

cut the information can be received or control signals can be sent through the other ring. Two rings are formed and each ring

has one cable for input and one for output. So, four optical fiber cables come from field to NMCC server, one pair of I/O

cable from each ring. These four optical cables comes to NMCC server where it is again converted into digital data through

L1 and L2 switches.

Fig: Ring connection of important substation through FO

Control Room Engineering: The data comes as an input to NMCC server through Optical Fibers from very importantsubstations and through GPRS from other substation. The servers are installed in NMCC server room.

Server: A server is a running instance of an application (software) capable of accepting requests from the client and giving

responses accordingly. Servers can run on any computer including dedicated computers, which individually are also often

referred to as "the server".

Servers operate within client-server architecture. Servers are computer programs running to serve the requests of other

programs, the clients. Thus, the server performs some tasks on behalf of clients. It facilitates the clients to share data,

information or any hardware and software resources. The clients typically connect to the server through the network but may


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run on the same computer. In the context of Internet Protocol (IP) networking, a server is a program that operates as a socket

listener.

Servers often provide essential services across a network, either to private users inside a large organization or to public users

via the Internet. Typical computing servers are database server, file server, mail server, print server, web server, gaming

server, and application server.

Fig: END TO END DATA SERVER

Type of server:

A front end processor (FEP) or a communications processor:It is a small-sized computer which interfaces to thehost computer a number of networks, such as SNA, or a number of peripheral devices, such as terminals, disk units,

printers and tape units. Data is transferred between the host computer and the front end processor using a high-speed

parallel interface. The front end processor communicates with peripheral devices using slower serial interfaces,

usually also through communication networks. The purpose is to off-load from the host computer the work ofmanaging the peripheral devices, transmitting and receiving messages, packet assembly and disassembly, error

detection, and error correction. Two examples are the IBM 3705 Communications Controller and the Burroughs

Data Communications Processor.

Application Server (AS):An application server is a software framework that provides both facilities to create webapplications and a server environment to run them.

Most Application Server Frameworks contain a comprehensive service layer model. An application server acts as a

set of components accessible to the software developer through an API defined by the platform itself. For Web

applications, these components are usually performed in the same running environment as its web server(s), and

their main job is to support the construction of dynamic pages. However, many application servers target much more

than just Web page generation: they implement services like clustering, fail-over, and load-balancing, so developers

can focus on implementing the business logic.[2]

In the case of Java application servers, the server behaves like an extended virtual machine for running applications,

transparently handling connections to the database on one side, and, often, connections to the Web client on the

other

FIELDRTU

FIELD FRTU(GPRS ROUTER)

GPRSFO CABLETTSL/ LEASE LINECISCO L-1, L-2

M to M Gateway

TCS/CISCO

ROUTER

FEP

SERVER


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UDW SERVER (UTILITY DATA WAREHOUSE):The fundamental feature of Utility Data Warehouse, UDW,is the ability to store the continuous inflow of measurements and events from the power process, along with

information from any other Utility Information System, and make it all available for Data Mining in the folder name

spio. The UDW does this, while providing high user performance, high availability and redundancy.

The UDW is designed to meet the requirements of control room operation, such as short response times and high

availability, as well as the requirements of a Data Warehouse user on the office network, such as openness and

possibility to do extensive data analysis. The UDW function is accomplished through the Oracle RDBMS. SCADA

data is sampled from the Network Manager real-time database Avanti and stored in the Oracle database together

with results from calculations(such as Snapshot, Time Series) using tools such as Matlab applied to the sampled

information. Since UDW is based on the Oracle database, it is of course possible to create any table containing any

relevant relationship to the sampled data. UDW server has Linux as OS, but function is accomplished through the

Oracle RDBMS. There we have two UDW servers one is 01 and other is 02. At a time one AS server is in online

and other is in hot standby both the server is auto synchronized with the help of auto script written, real time data

updating is in both the server every time, administrator can switch over to standby server for data maintenance

required or any other reason from WS500 (workstation) or from remote desktop with help of tool SSH (secure shell

tool) remotely or from server itself. Data minning or historical data base management is done with the help of UDW,

data get fetched from UDW .

Active Directory (AD): Active Directory (AD) is a directory service that Microsoft developed for Windows domainnetworks and is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services. An AD

domain controller authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a Windows domain type networkassigning and enforcing security policies for all computers and installing or updating software. For example, when a

user logs into a computer that is part of a Windows domain, Active Directory checks the submitted password and

determines whether the user is a system administrator or normal user

Data Engineering (DE):The data might be generated in many ways, or subset of the available data may be used.Data engineering uses data analysis techniques from statistics, machine learning, pattern recognition or neural

networks, together with other technologies such as visualization, optimization, database systems, prototyping tools

and knowledge elicitation. The goal is to use the available data or generate more data, and to thereby understand the

process being investigated. The process of analyzing the data, creating new analysis tools specifically for the task,

and working with the domain experts is a key aspect of this engineering task. We will be using Bayesian data

analysis methods (which occur throughout the different communities).

Backup Server(BS):A server responsible for backing up and restoring files, folders, databases and hard drives on anetwork in order to prevent the loss of data in the event of a hard drive failure, user error, disaster or accident. In

addition to numerous backup server products and services available from third-party vendors, Microsoft Windows

Server operating systems also include a built-in Windows Server Backup feature that can be used to perform basic

backup and recovery operations on backup servers. An alternative to standard backup server software tools are

online backup and recovery services that save your network's data to a remote location in the cloud.SSH file transfer


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protocol tool is used to taking a backup. After quick connect to required server we have to take a back in the folder.

Keep a note that AS back should be in separate folder and UWD server backup should be in separate folder.

WS-500: WS-500is the software used by NMCC for implementing SCADA.The hardware and the software required for the

setup of SCADA system is provided by the company ABB. Ws-500 has two parts

1. Control System Overview: is a device, or set of devices, that manages commands, directs or regulates thebehavior of other devices or systems. Industrial control systems are used in industrial production for controlling

equipment or machines. There are two common classes of control systems, open loop control systems and closed

loop control systems. In open loop control systems output is generated based on inputs. In closed loop control

systems current output is taken into consideration and corrections are made based on feedback. A closed loop

system is also called a feedback control system. The human body is a classic example of feedback systems. Fuzzy

logic is also used in systems.


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2. Power System Overview: OPAL-RT provides a complete range of real-time digital simulators and controlprototyping systems for power grids, power electronics, motor drives and other mechatronic systems. Under the

ePOWERgrid umbrella, these real-time systems help you perform feasibility studies, develop new concepts, design

and test your controllers for a wide variety of applications including small power converters, hybrid electric drives,

large power grids and renewable energy systems.

Substation: A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substationstransform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the

generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.

Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial

customer. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control.

A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower

distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. The word substation comes from

the days before the distribution system became a grid. As central generation stations became larger, smaller generating

plants were converted to distribution stations, receiving their energy supply from a larger plant instead of using their

own generators. The first substations were connected to only one power station, where the generators were housed, and

were subsidiaries of that power station.


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- Breaker is on

- Breaker is off

- Transformer

- Isolator

- Trip

HT Switch House: In an electric power system, switchgear is the combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses

or circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-energizeequipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream. This type of equipment is directly linked to the

reliability of the electricity supply.

The very earliest central power stations used simple open knife switch, mounted on insulating panels of marble or

asbestos. Power levels and voltages rapidly escalated, making opening manually operated switches too dangerous for

anything other than isolation of a de-energized circuit. Oil-filled equipment allowed arc energy to be contained and

safely controlled. By the early 20th century, a switchgear line-up would be a metal-enclosed structure with electrically

operated switching elements, using oil circuit breakers. Today, oil-filled equipment has largely been replaced by air-

blast, vacuum, or SF6 equipment, allowing large currents and power levels to be safely controlled by automatic

equipment.

High-voltage switchgear was invented at the end of the 19th century for operating motors and other electric machines.

The technology has been improved over time and can now be used with voltages up to 1,100 kV.

Typically, switchgears in substations are located on both the high- and low-voltage sides of large power transformers.

The switchgear on the low-voltage side of the transformers may be located in a building, with medium-voltage circuit

breakers for distribution circuits, along with metering, control, and protection equipment. For industrial applications, a

transformer and switchgear line-up may be combined in one housing, called a unitized substation


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Feeder Wise SLD:

A feeder line is a peripheral route or branch in a network, which connects smaller or more remote nodes with a route or

branch carrying heavier traffic. The term is applicable to any system based on a hierarchical network in

telecommunications, a feeder line branches from a main line or trunk line.

In electrical engineering, a feeder line is a type of transmission line. In radio engineering, a feeder connects radio equipment

to an antenna, usually open wire (air-insulated wire line) or twin-lead from a shortwave transmitter. In power engineering, a

feeder line is part of an electric distribution network, usually a radial circuit of intermediate voltage.

The concept of feeder lines is also important in public transportation. The term is particularly used in US air travel and rail

transport. Efficient, high-capacity routes connect important nodes while feeder lines connect these nodes to departure and

destination points


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Benefits of implementing SCADA in Power Distribution Network:-

Reduction of downtime via full time monitoring of all substation devices and critical parameters.

Labor savings derived from ability to troubleshoot, identify and correct problems.

Identifying exact fault location (Breaker) at a glance. No need to visit multiple locations to identify fault.

Ability to record the history of substation operations and fine tune the efficiency of breakers and relays.

Real time power and energy monitoring and recording provided the user with comprehensive load profilesand growth planning.

Monitor deviation of voltages and other critical values such as hours of operation, number of closures etcto extend useful life of Sub-Stations.

Provide real time stamping and recording of all power quality events at the substation.

Monitor and control feeder loading and continual balancing of loads.

Remote switching of feeder breakers and electronic tagging.

Increased degree of safety for line crews responsible for identifying fault locations and restoring servicepower.

Jusco Nmcc Scada(Avinash Kumar)

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