Il Mysterium Iniquitatis tra Eterogenesi dello Spirito e New Age- Dalla IG Farben all'Unione Europea...

8/3/2019 Il Mysterium Iniquitatis tra Eterogenesi dello Spirito e New Age- Dalla IG Farben all'Unione Europea tra rimozione del…

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vh Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf# f ioco|o inf jc yfmvepo è Mfyõ# f hfccj Mevypj io||fhpf `fcco Yre|epoYjhpo f `fccj Wf|j Inefyj# co womceoho Ehypjv|j|f eh I|eypo# òro ec RFIIJPO O\EMEHJCF#\eFwjhmfce{{jhò cj Ivcpv|j f iohp|jyyfmhjhòye iodf vdece –yf|we— hfccj Wemhj `fc Yemho|f( F# jjggehinî ieü royyj fyyf|f iodrevpo pvppo yfiohò Wf|epâ f \fppj \jmeohf# @eo nj djh`jpo g|j è hoe#yvccj Pf||j# hfc Meo|ho `fc Yvo \eroyo# r|fjhhvhiejhòco `je R|ogfpe f yfiohò vhj cehfj è Fcfppe#ec Gemceo R|fècfppo Mfyõ# ec I|eypo# ec Yjcwjpo|f# ec \f`fhpo|f# yopp|jfhòco `jc Meo|ho `fccj YvjMco|ej rf| gj|mce wewf|f# eh zvfypj fdf|mfh{j# Rjyyeohf f \fyv||f{eohf rf|inå ropfyyedo I\F@F\Ff jgge`j|ie j Cve jhinf rf| |eyior|e|f cj Lfccf{{j `fc I|fjpo f zvehè rvhpj|f jccj Yjcwf{{j Fpf|hj(

Iodf wejpeio è e`fhpepâ i|eypejhj yoho ypjpe go|hepe roine f vpeceyyede yp|vdfhpe è èyif|hedfhpo; cjInefyj Vhj Yjhpj Ijppoceij Jroypoceij \odjhj# ivypo`f `fccj Wf|epâ f @omdj è Gf`f# f yfh{j cj

zvjcf –hvccj î yjcwo—1 ec Yvo Rohpfgeif Weij|eo è Mfyõ eh Pf||j ioh e Yjif|òpe –Vhj Ivd—# f` eWfyiowe yviifyyo|e `fmce Jroypoce1 e Iodjh`jdfhpe1 cf We|põ Pfocomjce f cj @opp|ehj yfiohò ecIjpfineydo è Yjh Reo ^1 e Yji|jdfhpe1 c―Fvij|fypej# cj Cepv|mej f cj Yjhpj Dfyyj1 Hoyp|j Yemho|jDj`|f è @eo Yoiio||ep|eif# Dfèjp|eif è M|j{ef1 ec \oyj|eo1 pvppj cj iodvhepâ è Yjhpe( Dj g|j pvppfzvfypf ioyf# c―vheio doò if|po inf jllejdo è e`fhpegeij|f# if|pegeij|f# ioccjv`j|f# jvpfhpeij|f fzvehè Pfypedohej|f cj hoyp|j Gf`f î ec hoyp|o ijdlej|f wepj jyyvdfhò yv è hoe f rf| pvppo ec hoyp|oPfdro è Iohwf|yeohf cj Ij|epâ Jroypoceij# cj Gf`f eh Jppo f cf Orf|f è Deyf|eio|èj Yre|epvjcf fIo|ro|jcf# ioh ive royyejdo iodref|f zvfccj wf|j deyyeohf inf vh i|eypejho jvpfhpeio `jc Ivo|fIjcò# J|`fhpf f rf|yeho Gf|wfhpf `fwf dfppf|f eh iohpo rf| fyyf|f `jwwf|o yehpohe{{jpo eh We|põioh co Yre|epo Yjhpo; YOPP\J\\F ZVJHPF REV― JHEDF ROYYELECE J YJPJHJ( @eo zvfypoie inef`f; èwfhpj|f Yjhpe rfyijpo|e è vodehe# yp|vdfhpo è IOHWF\YEOHF rf| pvppe e Roroce(

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Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf# ioyp|vepj yv –E R|opoiocce `fe Yjwe Jh{ejhe è Yeoh—# iohp|jrroypj jc Rejho

Hjpv|jcf è @eo# jcc―Fiohodej fzvj/yoce`jcf `fcc―Jyyocvpo f jcco Yre|epo Yjhpo# vheio Yre|epo Celf|o(@vhzvf jpp|jwf|yo vh r|oifèdfhpo ehyocepo pfhpf|fdo è ydjyinf|j|f# o ro||f cf ljye è vh dfpoòè @eyif|hedfhpo# rf| jevpj|f cj mfhpf j` ehpve|f ec Rejho @ejloceio eh Jppo# hfifyyj|ejdfhpf yfm|fpo#è ioyp|v{eohf `fc Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf jc yf|we{eo `fcc―JhpeI|eypo# if|ijhò è iohp|jrro|mce ecMevypo Yre|epo# inf î `jpo `jcc―Ehypjv|j{eohf è vh O|èhf Yoiejcf eh ive |fm hj I|eypo( Wfèjdo zveè |fivrf|j|f ec Yfhyo e zvfypo Yre|epo hfccj Rj|vyãj# if|ijhò r|edj e Iohoyif|Co dfmceo(

Cj r|fdfyyj î zvfypj; c―vodo î cj I|fjpv|j jc wf|peif `fccj I|fj{eohf1 î ijrjif è gj|f ioyf m|jhè flfccf# vpece j yî f jmce jcp|e# dj jhinf j{eohe ijppewf# yrehpo `jcc―fmoeydo f `jccf rjyyeohe mfhf|jpf `jzvfcco yre|epo –ehm|jpo— inf meâ r|edj `fe pfdre ye î \elfccjpo j @eo( Mfyõ òhj Co Yre|epo rf|inî

@eo yâ inf jllejdo leyomho è zvfypj go|{j rf| wehif|f ec Djcf f iodref|f ec reõ royyelecf ec Lfhf(



Ec cewfcco `fcco yiohp|o# omme# î fyyfh{ejcdfhpf ivcpv|jcf f` fdopewo# rf|inå |jrr|fyfhpj ec doò reõiohmfhejcf rf| ehp|o`v||f ec Hvowo Yre|epo `fe Pfdre# .j|pfgjppo f jcpjdfhpf yf`vppewo%jhpfrohfhòco o yow|jrrohfhòco j Zvfcco Fpf|ho( F― cj hvowj G|ohpef|j `fcco Yre|epo# inf ie ro|pjj` jgg|ohpj|f cj ljppjmcej jhinf yvc rejho `fccf e`ff .do`fcce è yoiefpâ% iohp|o zvfccf –edroypf— `jjcp|f fcãpf yjpjheinf inf èyrohmoho è df{{e gehjh{ej|e# iodvheijpewe# decepj|e eccedepjpe# ioccjv`jpe

`j `vf deccfhhe è iodrcoppe yoppf||jhfe inf njhho ehoivcjpo hfccj i|eypejhepâ e`ff rf|wf|yf# do`fcceèyvdjhe# inf ye yoho p|jygo|djpe eh wf|e mfhoieè è djyyj# inf lfhfgeiej è wjypeyyedf iodrceiepâgoh`jpf yv emho|jh{j# iohè{eohjdfhpo dfhpjcf# rjv|j# jdle{eohf# ehpf|fyyf o|mjhe{{jpe# jweèpâ fjlepvèhe iohyoce`jpf( Oyyf|wjhò yvrf|geiejcdfhpf# rf| cj yr|oro|{eohf `fccf go|{f eh ijdro# c―fyepo`fcco YIOHP\O yfdl|f|fllf# yiohpjpo( Dj yjrrejdo inf –cf go|{f `fc djcf hoh r|fwj||jhho—(

C―jrr|ogohèdfhpo df|epj vhj jppfh{eohf rj|peiocj|f yfllfhf yv zvfype j|modfhpe ie yej yfdr|fypjpo vhj yo|pj è Pjlõ# inf mfppj odl|f yp|jhf hoh yoco yv ioyj yej co Yre|epo Yjhpo# ec |voco infnjhho mce Jhmfce# cj Rj|vyãj# dj jhinf yv Yjh Rjoco# yv Yjh Djyyedecejho Aoclf# yv MejdljppeypjWeio f yvc Lfjpo Meojiineho `j Geo|f( Ypejdo rf| jgg|ohpj|f ec `fceijpo j|modfhpo `fcco Yre|epo è@eo# `fc Rfhyef|o Yjhpo# Co yiohoyievpo inf ie |ewfcj e Pfdre( Gj|fdo eh doò è ijre|Co dfmceo

rjyyjhò jcc―Eddjiocjpj Iohif{eohf f yf rvü po|hj|f vpecf# jhinf `jccf ypjh{f `fc Yvo Jwwf|yj|eo(

Ye yoypefhf# ehgjppe# inf ec ropf|f |fjcf hfmce Ypjpe Vhepe .c―fhicjwf g|vppo `fccj \ewocpj R|opfypjhpf fDohfpj|ej i|fjpj rf| iohp|occj|f ec dohò%# iohè{eohj go|pfdfhpf jdlefhpe è mowf|ho f ehgcvfh{jwf|peie decepj|e# yp|jpe reõ jcpe `fcc―—ehpfccemfhif—# ioyã iodf e wf|peie gehjh{ej|e f fiicfyejypeie# e df{{eè ehgo|dj{eohf# î è gjppo `fpfhvpo `j vh ehyefdf è collu( Ye p|jppf|fllf è m|vrre ehgcvfhpe# èyfppf reõ o dfho yfm|fpf# fyicvyewf# j ij|jppf|f è pneha pnjha # inf p|owjho ehi|oie hfccj djyyohf|ejehpf|hj{eohjcf# hfc yehi|fpeydo e`focomeio# hfc |fcjpeweydo fpeio( F inf j co|o wocpj yoho ioypepvepf ehm|jh rj|pf `j m|vrre ocemj|ineie inf eh rocepeij f hfccj gehjh{j ehpf|hj{eohjcf gjhho ijro jccj colluey|jfcejhj# pjcdvèij o i|eypejho yeoheypj inf è| è womcej# inf nj lfh roio j inf gj|f ioh mce fl|fe`fccj Po|jn# eh zvjhpo pjce# dj njhho vhj hjpv|j |jèijpj eh fwfhpe docpo reõ cohpjhe# hfccj èyrvpjfpf|hj p|j cf go|{f `fc Lfhf f zvfccf `fc Djcf f hfcc―jò|j{eohf è Yjpjhjfc# co|o vheio R|ehierf(

Ehhjh{epvppo inej|ejdoie; go|yf î jhinf rf| zvfypo inf e rfiijpe iohp|o co Yre|epo Yjhpo yoho –`jyfdr|f— iohye`f|jpe# yor|jppvppo# `jc Ijpfineydo Ijppoceio# p|j e reõ m|jwe; rf|inå hfccj ypo|ej#EDRVM HJ\F CJ WF\EPJ― \EWFCJPJ î yfdr|f yemhegeijpo ROPF\F iohp|o @eo( F― Mfyõ ecr|edo j` jiivyj|f e \jllehe è pfhf|f rf| yå cf Wf|epâ# ioyã `j jlvyj|f `fe rowf|e f `fmce ehiocpe(Fyf|ie{eo `fc Ropf|f .eh omhe yvj go|dj% f zvehè# wocohpâ |fiohèpj è èwfhpj|f iodf @eo( Ec Ropf|fpjhpo jmomhjpo `j Yjpjhjfc è –@odehj|f— yvccj Pf||j iodf R|ehierf# rjyyj `j zvfypo –fyrfèfhpf—;hfmj|f co Yre|epo( Hfmj|f ieoî inf @eo jllej dje jwvpo vh R|omfppo .fiio c―e`fj go|pf f yvmmfypewj

r|orehjpj yeh `jcc―ehgjh{ej yvc ijoy f yvcc―fwocv{eoheydo% f inf jllej dje p|jydfyyo f iohyfmhjpo eh

doò `fgehepewo .ioh Mfyõ% jcc―vodo# jhinf ec Yvo Mevypo Yre|epo è ioccjlo|j{eohf# ioorf|j{eohf fiodrj|pfierj{eohf hfccj I|fj{eohf( Iohp|o zvfypj hfmj{eohf o jwwf|yeohf yoppecf# cj Inefyj we njyfdr|f iohp|jrroypo e ij|èhe e||ehvhiejlece è ègfyj `fccj Gf`f; cf We|põ Do|jce( Co Yre|epo Yjhpo îf |fypj ec hoyp|o ioccfmjdfhpo è|fppo ioh @eo# iodf goyyf vhj yo|pj è \j`j| o Yohj| rf| o|efhpj|ie.WEJ# WF\EPJ― F WEPJ%# jggejhijpe `jc @HJ f `jc Ioèif Mfhfpeio <9( Ehyoddj# @eo ie ehgoh`fec Yvo Yre|epo# eh go|dj m|jpvepj# rf| fyyf|f yfdr|f# hoe# jc por eh omhe yepvj{eohf( Ie ogg|f ec @oho èvhj èmhepâ Ifcfypf; cj Yjhpepâ( C―fyeypfh{j I|eypejhj î rf|pjhpo yfmhjpj `jcco Yre|epo inf ie ro|pj jccj

refhj iohgemv|j{eohf o iohgo|dj{eohf j Mfyõ jpp|elvfhòie |voce jppewe hfccj –Wemhj— `fc Yemho|f(

Jccj Inefyj @eo nj jgge`jpo# p|jdepf ec Gemceo# ec Yvo @oho# iodf ec yoggeo jccj i|fjpv|j rcjydjpj#jggehinå pvppf cf dfdl|j# rj|pfierjhòhf yejho wewegeijpf1 eh Cfe î ypjpj `froypj cj Iodvheohf ioh

I|eypo# ieoî co Yre|epo Yjhpo# rfmho è ehio||vppelecepâ# iohgf|dj `fccj hoyp|j Gf`f f yijcj `fccjhoyp|j jyifyj j @eo( Ehgjppe –hfccj Inefyj @eo royf jroypoce# r|ogfpe f òppo|e— .: Io|eh{e :<#<>% fpvppj cj |fypjhpf Orf|j `fcco Yre|epo( @e Cve hoh yoho rj|pfiere pvppe zvfcce inf hoh io||oho jccj



Inefyj dj ye r|ewjho `fccj wepj j ijvyj `fccf co|o gjcyf òpp|ehf f` j{eohe rf|wf|yf( Rf|inå òwf î cjInefyj# cã î jhinf co Yre|epo è @eo1 f òwf î co Yre|epo è @eo# cã î cj Inefyj f` omhe M|j{ej( O|j coYre|epo î Wf|epâ( Rf|ieü zvfcce inf hoh rj|pfierjho è Cve# hoh ye hvp|oho jc yfho `fccj dj`|f rf| cjwepj f hfcco Yre|epo `fccj Iohyocj{eohf f hoh jmeyioho ioh co Yre|epo Mevypo( Ieü ie èypehmvf `jccjR|f`fypehj{eohf Cvpf|jhj# inf hoh iohifreyif hå cj wocohpâ hå cf m|j{ef iodf gohpf è yjcwf{{j(

@eo nj djh`jpo ec Gemceo# jhpeierjhòCo p|jdepf e R|ogfpe# rf|inå rf|gf{eohjyyf f iohgf|djyyf rf|Yvj ehpf|ifyyeohf zvfcco Yre|epo Yjhpo inf meâ f|j iohhjpv|jpo jcc―Vodo dfèjhpf cf cfmme hjpv|jce fcj do|jcf inf `j Zvfype hf `f|ewjho .iohgf|djhò cj hfifyyepâ è vhj yjhj ivcpv|j leo$fiocomeij fè jhp|orocomej ivcpv|jcf% dj inf c―vodo jhio|j hoh jwfwj yjrvpo iomcef|f hfccj Refhf{{j eh @ohe#We|põ f M|j{ef# yfh{j `f|omj|f jccj yvrf|ype{eohf o je pjvdjpv|mne( F― Mfyõ# `vhzvf# ehij|hjhòYe#inf ie nj `jpo ec Wf|o Yre|epo è @eo iodf @oho è Wepj Hvowj r|edj jmce Jroypoce# roe jccj Inefyj#zvehè jc Dohò inf jwfwj leyomho è \f`fh{eohf òro cj ij`vpj hfcc―F`fh( Ec Mevypo Yre|epo# ioyãiodf \ewfcjpoye p|jdepf ec Gemceo# f|j meâ ypjpo rf|ifrepo `jccf M|jhè Iewecpâ inf yoho èwfhpjpf pjcer|or|eo rf|inå jwfwjho yjrvpo iomcef|f# jhinf yf jhio|j yoco rj|{ejcdfhpf# co Yre|epo è @eo#jpp|jwf|yo ec rf|gf{eohjdfhpo `fccf Cfmme è Hjpv|j# ec gcvyyo `fmce Jyp|e f c―jppfh{j oyyf|wj{eohf `fe

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Ec @oho `fcco Yre|epo# `vhzvf# wefhf fggvyo jhinf yve Rjmjhe# yv ive Yjh Rjoco gj|â l|fiiej# fr|oiv|j cj Wepj Hvowj eh Mfyõ( Meowjhhe Rjoco EE èyyf; –‧ hfccf èwf|yf p|jè{eohe |fcemeoyf i―î`fc wf|o f `fc lvoho# `fccf yfdfh{f `fc Wf|lo( Wf|o yã# dj hoh geho jc rvhpo è hfmj|mce Mfyõ f cjInefyj Yjhpj ioh vhj yjhj –iohwf|yeohf—( Fyyo .Ec Wf|lo# Co Yre|epo# h`|% nj fyo|pjpo e èyifroce èI|eypo j yior|e|f „zvjce |eiinf{{f# @eo# hfccj Yvj djmhegeifh{j# nj `jpo je roroce― .J` mfhpfy# ::%(Zvfype yoho e goh`jdfhpe è vh èjcomo g|vppvoyo# iodf èifwj c―jroypoco Rjoco je r|ede i|eypejhe;„pvppo zvfcco inf î wf|o# holecf# mevypo# rv|o# jdjlecf# oho|jpo# zvfcco inf î we|põ f df|epj co`f# pvppozvfypo yej ommfppo `fe woyp|e rfhyef|e― .Gec 0#>%( @j ieü ec hoyp|o jppfmmejdfhpo è |eyrfppo1 |eyrfpporf| e Wf|e Wjco|e# òwvhzvf fyye yejho# |eyrfppo yor|jppvppo rf| c―Vodo inf if|ij è wewf|f è zvfypewjco|e# wjco|e inf co jevpjho j` jccohpjhj|f `jccj rjv|j( F― cfmeppedo fyyf|f |eiohoyifhpe wf|yo e reõjh{ejhe inf we njhho p|jydfyyo ec yfhyo `fc yji|o# cj gf`f eh vh @eo Vheio f Lvoho# ec mvypo `fccjifcfl|j{eohf# cj iohye`f|j{eohf rf| cj wepj do|jcf f c―j|dohej hfccj yoiefpâ( Yf jhèjdo reõ ehèfp|ohfccj Ypo|ej# iohypjpejdo inf mce jhpfhjpe `fe deyyeohj|e mevhpe `jcc―Fv|orj jwfwjho fyye ypfyye

|eifwvpo ec Wjhmfco zvjhò jwfwjho meâ vhj |fcemeohf f` vh ivcpo( Jiiomcefhò ec dfyyjmmeo è @eofyye hoh njhho rf|`vpo hefhpf( Jc iohp|j|eo njhho jwvpo cj royyelecepâ è iohoyif|f Mfyõ# è |eifwf|fco Yre|epo Yjhpo# f è èwfhe|f eh Cve# rf| df{{o `fc Ljppfyedo# gemce f gemc ef `fc @eo `―Jdo|f f èDeyf|eio|èj( Pvppo hfccj celf|pâ—( Owwejdfhpf cj yjcwf{{j jwwefhf yoco hfccj iohwf|yeohf eh I|eypo(Dj zvfypo goh`jdfhpjcf Yre|epo è iohèweyeohf `fccj Yjcwf{{j eh Mfyõ î ypjpo jlecdfhpf hjyioypo`je dfèj# rf|inå e co|o –Rj`|ohe— co njhho wocvpo oiivcpj|f( Ioyj inf hoh ygvmmã j Yjh Reo ^ infec = mevymho :5:<# eh refhj froij è iocohejceydo f yg|vppjdfhpo# yi|eyyf ioh m|jh`f p|odfhpo jgjwo|f `fmce Ehèjhe `fc Yv` Jdf|eij c―fhieiceij –Cji|edjlece Ypjpv—( Dj f|j yoco c―ehe{eo# rf|inå#iodf wf`|fdo eh yfmvepo î jpp|jwf|yo cj yopp|j{eohf è Pfdro inf cf jhedf geheyioho hfcc―jleyyo(

Jh`|fddo# o|j j wf|egeij|f jpp|jwf|yo vh rf|io|yo è yeypfdj# iodf co Yre|epo è @eo ye î r|oroypo

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P\JYGO\DJHPF( Ec Yjhpo î c―vodo wf|o# vh vodo hoh yinejwo `fc rfiijpo dj rfhepfhpf# hohweppedj `fc |fcjpeweydo fpeio# dj iodljppfhpf# celf|jpo f iohòppo `jcco Yre|epo P|eohgjhpf è @eo(

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|elfcceohf è jcivhe Jhmfce# inf fyyfhò# î wf|o# è Yre|epo# njhho rf|ü |eyfhpepo `fcc―—Jhjcomej— f`fccj –@eyi|jyej— è vho Yre|epo Rv|o jiioypjpo j` vh Io|ro .ehfyeypfhpf r|edj `fccj I|fj{eohf% f j`vhj Eddjmehf inf @eo wocfwj `j|f j Yå# iodroypo hoh reõ yoco è fhf|mej# dj jhinf è djpf|ej( VhFyyf|f gjppo è Jhedj# Io|ro f Yre|epo( C―jmmevhpj è zvfype fcfdfhpe# inf hoh jrrj|pfhfwjho jccjweyeohf inf jwfwjho co|o `fccj Cvif# dj inf yj|fllf|o ypjpe o|emehjpe ioh ec Lem Ljhm# gfif# yfhpe|frj|pf è co|o ehvpece f `fp|ohe{{jpe f |eòppe j |jhmo ehgf|eo|f( Rf|yeho Cviegf|o# c―jppvjpo|f `fe Rejhe è@eo# ye yfhpã fyicvyo `jccj popjcepâ `fc R|omfppo è @eo( Mfyõ# inf hfccj yehpfye Jpfdro|jcf Yre|epvjcfè @eo f|j meâ jccj @fyp|j `fc Rj`|f# f we`f r|fierepj|f eh èym|j{ej f yij|jwfhpjpo yvccj Pf||j rf|orf|j è Yjh Deinfcf J|ijhmfco ec reõ Lfcco f Ropfhpf g|j mce Jhmfce# ioh vhj rf|yohjcepâ f iodrepe

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djhmej|f ec g|vppo r|oelepo( Yjpjhjfc f|j r|froypo yeh `jcc―ehe{eo j rj|pfierj|f `fcc―F|j o Fohf iodf555 oyyej Jhmfco –mfypjpo|f— f –jevpjhpf— `fccj I|fj{eohf jc yf|we{eo `fcc―Vodo# inf roe ye îijrowocpo eh 777# oyyej c―JhpeI|eypo# c―jmfhpf –pf||fyp|f— è Cviegf|o f è Yjpjhj# c―ehmjhhjpo|f# ecdfh{omhf|o# ec gemceo `fccj Rf|è{eohf( @oro cj Ijiiejpj# jw|fddo òwvpo .ye ehpfh`f# p|jdepfJ`jdo# hoyp|o ijroyperepf% dvowf|ie eh zvfccj F|j# inf yj|fllf ypjpj `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo inf î ===#dfhp|f Mfyõ# ioh cj Rj|vyãj# ie jw|fllf roe ro|pjpo hfcc―Oppjwo inf î c―>>># zvfcco `fccj Yjcwf{{jLjppfyedjcf# `fccj \fyv||f{eohf# `fccj P|jygemv|j{eohf# `fccj Rf|gf{eohf Ifcfypf òwf ie yoho jhinfmce Jhmfce Gf`fce rf| ec Mevè{eo Gehjcf( Yjpjhjfc hoh yfrrf gj|yfhf hefhpf `fc r|edo roypo# f cve inff|j R|opfppo|f ye î p|jygo|djpo eh ijro `fccj yinef|j jwwf|yj( Dj zve jh`|fddo j gehe|f yv vh rejhoèwf|yo inf î zvfcco `fe P|ohe# `fccf Ropfypâ# `fccf We|põ# `fe R|ehierjpe f `fccf @odehj{eohe# inf# ehzvjcepâ è Yre|epo Iohp|occo|f# jw|fllf|o òwvpo `fpf|dehj|f cf ygf|f Pfdro|jce f` ehwfif hf yoho

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RHC .R|om|jddj{eohfHfv|oCehmveypeij%# Ryuory# Rcjmeo Fdo{eohjcf# IEJ$If|ine Yow|jyp|vppv|jce#P|vdjh Yno}# DA$Vcp|j# R|omfppo Dohj|in# Ynoia Fiocomu f Fiohodu# Yp|jpfmej `fccj Pfhyeohf#Pfiheij @fcrne# dj jhinf ioh ehwfh{eohe `fccj Kjyoh Yoiefpu# Eddem|j{eohe è Djyyj .G|ohpf~%#Mvf||f Jyeddfp|einf# Rejho Jg|eiod# Rfjif Affrehm .coppj jc pf||o|eydo% inf jcedfhpjho Yiohp|e eIewecpâ( Ehyoddj jpp|jwf|yo cj RJV\J f` ec pf||o|f( Mfyõ ie jddoheyif; –hoh jllejpf rjv|j—(Hfccj Lellej jrrj|f 79 wocpf zvfypo dohepo( Zvjhò Yjpjhjfc wvocf ehwj`f|f cj hoyp|j dfhpf# r|edjwe ioyp|veyif vhj pfypj è rohpf yvmmf|fhòie zvjcinf yvo djcfgeio rfhyef|o ljyjpo yv `fccf vporef o`fccf wf|epâ p|jygo|djpf eh dfh{omhj# o jhinf `fccf gjcyf e`ff è celf|pâ# i|f`f|f inf zvfcco infwefhf òro î yfdr|f demceo|f .cj ljyf è omhe |ewocv{eohf ioco|jpj o hoh% f òro jwf|cj go|pegeijpjehwj`f pvppf cf rj|pe yfhyelece `fccj rf|yohjcepâ vdjhj( Co yjhho lfhf ioco|o inf djhow|jho e pjype`fccj èyehgo|dj{eohf# inf jpp|jwf|yo e djehyp|fjd# e hfp}o|a# e lcomy# mce o|oyiore ehp|o`vioho e

co|o go|de`jlece iocdoyineh f iohyvleh `fccj |fpf o yoypfhmoho f cjhiejho c―vho iohp|o mce jcp|e ecelf|e rf|hyjpo|e# oyyej mjpfaffrf|# `flvhaf|y# p|occf|y# lvccyneppf|y# mvjypjpo|e# hfvp|jce{{jpo|e èrfhyef|o go|pf# djh`jhò j yieocehjpf# jc iohp|jppjiio# e co|o –gjcye r|ogfpe—( Yf c-vodo# fyrfiejcdfhpf ec i|f`fhpf# hoh |efyif j |eiohoyif|f zvfypj yp|jpfmej è Yjpjhjfc# î rf|`vpo1 f yf#jwfhò iodf ljyf `fccj yvj Gf`f f `fccj yvj go|dj{eohf i|eypejhj cj |eiohoyif f hoh cj |fyrehmf iohpvppf cf yvf go|{f# èwfhpj gjiecf iohzveypj `fcc-jwwf|yj|eo# inf èfp|o cvyehmnf co wo||fllf eh r|edjcehfj g|j e yvoe jyyjcepo|e# yjlopjpo|e f mfhef|e( Ehgjppe# zvjcf demceo| jccfjpo è Yjpjhjfc è vh rfògecor|fpf# è vh f|fpeio rjrj# è vh do`f|heypj wfyiowo# è vh rocepeio ij|èhjcf# è vh gecjhp|ororj||oio? Hfccj iohzveypj `fccj dfhpf vdjhj# Yjpjhjfc edrefmj pvppf cf go|{f `fc yvo djcwjmeo#rf|wf|yo f yf`vifhpf edrf|o# rf| ive c-vodo î jpp|jppo f zvehè yviivlf è go|{f yor|jhhjpv|jce–ropfhpeyyedf— .@eo nj yoco pocpo f èyjppewjpo rj|pf `fc ropf|f inf î `jpo jmce Jhmfce è jme|f yvccjpf||j# f inf hfc @ejwoco iodf rf| cf jcp|f go|{f yre|epvjce |fypjho jcdfho geho jc ropf|f èiof|ie{eohf `fccj dfhpf# `fccj ryeinf# reõ inf hfc iohp|occo `fccf go|{f geyeinf vdjhf% inf coioyp|ehmoho j` fyyf|f fyfivpo|f# yrfyyo ehiohyjrfwocf# `fmce jppe `fcelf|jpewe `fc yvo \fmho1 f yfi|f`fhpf# ye p|owj jhio|j è reõ ehmjmmejpo eh vhj coppj# inf yf hoh yvrro|pjpj `jccf We|põ `fccoYre|epo# î f |fypf|â edrj|e |eyrfppo jccf yvf go|{f vdjhf( C-jroypoco Rjoco# hfccj Cfppf|j jmce Fgfyehe7;:<# if co iohgf|dj; –(((ec hoyp|o iodljppedfhpo ehgjppe hoh î iohp|o yjhmvf f ij|hf dj iohp|o er|ehierjpe# iohp|o cf ropfh{f# iohp|o e òdehjpo|e è zvfypo dohò è pfhfl|f# iohp|o cf Go|{fYre|epvjce `fccj Djcwjmepâ# inf yoho hfe cvomne ifcfype—( E R|ehierjpe# ehgjppe# jhmfce `fij`vpe f èm|jh`f ehpfccemfh{j# yfdl|jho r|or|eo yejho ypjpe r|froype j` ehgcvfh{j|f cf Hj{eohe `fccj Pf||j#jhinf jcco yioro è dfppf|cf vhj iohp|o c―jcp|j( Ec ropf|f fyopf|eio f yedloceio hjyioypo ehhfmmej `j

deccfhhe ioh e |epvjce yjpjheie f |oyji|oiejhe# cf –rjyzvf è yjhmvf— j zvfypo yioro f ye rf|rfpvj `jmfhf|j{eohf j mfhf|j{eohf( Hoh i-î zvehè `j ypvre|ye yf c-jppfmmejdfhpo djcwjmeo# èyropeio fpe|jhheio `fccf hj{eohe `fccj pf||j yej ypjpo# eh omhe òwf |jrr|fyfhpjpo `j go|{f oiivcpf docpo lfho|mjhe{{jpf# eh omhe pfdro# yejho ec |eyvcpjpo fcc-orf|j ehweyelecf e zvfype r|ehiere e Yjpjhjfc j ivep|jmmoho cf djmef f cf eyre|j{eohe iodf –yiejdjhe— o jrr|fhèype yp| fmohe( Cf go|pf{{f è Yjpjhjfchfc dohò yoho hvdf|oyf( Ljypj iohye`f|j|f c-jpfeydo# ec djpf|ejceydo# ec do`f|heydo# cj òpp|ehj`fccj do|pf è @eo# c-eddo|jcepâ ècjmjhpf# cj yinejwepõ eh omhe go|dj jhpeij f do`f|hj# cj dfh{omhjrf|rfp|jpj jpp|jwf|yo òiece yp|vdfhpe# yrvò|jpjdfhpf zvjye yfdr|f yfh{j |fpeifh{j f wf|momhj(Jh{e# zvjye j wjhpj|yfhf( Zvfypf go|pf{{f è Yjpjhjfc wfhmoho ioyp|vepf yfdr|f ioh ec r|oifyyo `fccjdfhpf( Ljype |ewf`f|f jcivhe rjyye `fccj rocepeij hoyp|jhj `fmce vcpede pfdre rf| |fh`f|ie iohpo iodfyejho ypjpe jlece j |einejdj|f ec iohyfhyo hohoypjhpf jiicj|jpf jggf|dj{eohe j gjwo|f è djgeoye f

cjmf| .wfè R|oè j ègfyj `fe Cjomje iehfye%# cfmme jhpeioypepv{eohjce f iohp|o ec lfhf iodvhf#|fmedf è roce{ej# jrrj|pfhfh{f jccj djyyohf|ej o commf hoh dfmceo e`fhpegeijpf# iohgceppe ficjpjhpe èehpf|fyyf f ioddeypeohf rvllceio r|ewjpo# o|mf f nj|fd# fii(( F hoh ypo rj|cjhò yoco è R< f



Mcjèo# dj jhinf è Lec`f|lf|m# P|ecjpf|jc Ioddeyyeoh# \opj|e# Recm|ed Yoiefpu# J|ovh` Pjlcf#IG\# Jyrfh Ehypepvpf# Yavcc ' Lohfy# YY$OYY$IEJ# Yf|we{e Yfm|fpe è omhe o|èhf f m|jò# M|jh`fO|efhpf# DJGEJ .cj yoiefpâ è Yf|we{e inf gj ec cjwo|o yro|io rf| pvppe%( Cj ropfh{j è Yjpjhjfc# yj

lfh |ego|he|f cf yvf p|vrrf f cf yvf o|mjhe{{j{eohe `―jyyjcpo oiivcpjhòcf r|edj# yjcwjmvj|`jhòcfòro .hfe r|oifyye# yf ijppv|jpe f ehzveyepe# |fypjho zvjye yfdr|f eddjiocjpe%1 yfdr|f Yjpjhjfc dfppf

vh rfhyef|o hfc yvliohyieo è pvppe# gjifhò jrrj|e|f iodf lvoho ieü inf lvoho hoh î# inf yf hohwefhf |emfppjpo# cj dfhpf iodehiej j iohye`f|j|co rf|yeho vpecf f hfifyyj|eo# iodf î yviifyyo è|fifhpf inf p|f vodehe Moc`djh Yjiny eh vh yoco iocro njhho oiivrjpo cf rocp|ohf è GDE f LjhijIfhp|jcf Fv|orfj .LIF%# ec r|fdef|jpo M|fio f ec Iohyemceo Epjcejho( Pvppj zvfypj î vhj r|jpeijjizveyepj hfc pfdro# goh`jpo yvccj emho|jh{j eh m|jh rj|pf# dj yor|jppvppo yvc iohifppo è vpecepâyoiejcf `fccj @fdoi|j{ej( Fiio zvjhpo èifwj ec :< jr|ecf :>59 Konh Y}ehpoh .:>92$:52:% |f`jppo|fijro `fc meo|hjcf hf}uo|afyf è r|or|efpâ `fccj èhjypej `fccj gjdemcej fl|jeij Yvc{lf|mf|; ,Vhjypjdrj ehèrfh`fhpf eh Jdf|eij hoh fyeypf( Woe co yjrfpf( Hoh i-î hfyyvho è woe inf oyj yi|ewf|f cfr|or|ef oreheohe f meâ yjrfpf inf yf co gjpf hoh wf||fllf|o dje rvllceijpf( Eo yoho rjmjpoyfppedjhjcdfhpf rf| pfhf|f ec deo rj|f|f ohfypo gvo|e `jc meo|hjcf( Jcp|e è woe yoho rjmjpe iohyperfhè yedece rf| ioyf yedece# f zvjcyejye è woe yâ inf inevhzvf yj|fllf ioyã rj{{o `j yi|ewf|f

oreheohe ohfypf yj|fllf gvo|e rf| cj yp|j`f eh if|ij è vh jcp|o cjwo|o( Yf eo jwfyye rvllceijpo cf defwf|f oreheohe de |ep|owf|fe yfh{j cjwo|o r|edj è <0 o|f( Ec lvyehfyy `fe meo|hjceype î èyp|vmmf|f cjwf|epâ# dfhpe|f jrf|pjdfhpf# èggjdj|f# yioèh{ocj|f je refè `fccj |eiinf{{j f wfh`f|f ec yvo Rjfyf fcj yvj |j{{j rf| ec yvo rjhf zvopeèjho( Ioyj î zvfypj goccej è l|eh`j|f rf| vhj ypjdrjehèrfh`fhpf? Hoe yejdo mce j|hfye f wjyyjcce è vodehe |eiine èfp|o cf zvehpf# co|o pe|jho e gece f hoeljccejdo( E hoyp|e pjcfhpe# cf hoyp|f royyelecepâ f cf hoyp|f wepf yoho pvppf r|or|efpâ è jcp|e vodehe(Yejdo r|oypepvpf ehpfccfppvjce,(

@oro è jwf| roh`f|jpo f fyjdehjpo eh pvppf cf djhef|f zvfc inf jiij`f# cj hoyp|j dfhpf# fcjlo|jjnedî c―ehgo|dj{eohf# c―orro|pvhepâ è iodr|odfyyo yoiejcf rf| vh –edrf|eo— zvjcegeijpo .eh zvfypoijyo Djddohj# inf wvoc è|f yocè# iohyvdeydo# pjyyf# `flepo# `fgeiep# yviifyyo# eh pvppf cf yvfjiif{eohe hfmjpewf# iodvhzvf yfiohò cf eyp|v{eohe `jpf `jmce –yiefh{ejpe {f|leho— yv iodf `fwohofyyf|f iohye`f|jpf%# gehinå hjyif vhj hvowj gecoyogej# vhj pfo|ej o vhj òpp|ehj |fcjpewj inf r|fh`fr|fropfhpfdfhpf roypo hfccj –dfhpjcepâ— hvowj( Ehgehf iodf rf| cf reiiocf ioyf# ye iohpfdrcj f roeye yrf|edfhpj# oyyej ye r|jpeij1 cj r|jpeij |erfpvpj i|fj we{eo# èrfh`fh{j# iohyfhyo# g|jpfccjh{j inf#jvpodjpeijdfhpf# èwfhpj go|pf{{j è Yjpjhjfc f hvowo –djhp|j—( Zvfypf yoho pfiheinf vpece{{jpf `jeyvoe jiiocepe rf| mvj`jmhj|f ec Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf rf| roe |edfppf|co eh djho jcc―JhpeI|eypo( P|j ec dohò yre|epvjcf f zvfcco geyeio i-î yoco vh rjyyo( Ieü inf ie yfrj|j `j fyyo î ec hoyp|o io|rovdjho ioh e yvoe iehzvf yfhye( Iohzveypjpo zvfypo# cj dfhpf jlljyyj zvjye pvppf cf yvf ègfyf( Yfgoyyedo òpjpe è jcp|e yfhye rop|fddo jcco|j wf`f|f# iohypjpj|f vh dohò j hoe yiohoyievpo# fyyf|einf ie yfmvoho# ie mvj|`jho# ie ehgcvfh{jho ioh pjhpe rfhyef|e wocjpece inf ehyehvjho cj hoyp|j dfhpf(

Pjhpe –goccfppe— ec ive iodrepo î zvfcco è èypv|lj|ie f è gj|ie yfmve|f e co|o ijppewe yvmmf|edfhpe( Cj Mfhfye fyr|edf cf iohyfmvfh{f `fc rfiijpo jhinf ioyã; –Jcco|j ec Yemho|f èyyf; ec deo Yre|epohoh |fypf|â yfdr|f hfcc―vodo# rf|inå fmce î ij|hf f cj yvj wepj yj|â è ifhpowfhpe jhhe—( C―jyyfh{jè Yre|epo Yjhpo# j ijvyj `fccj –@eyi|jyej— o|emehjcf# èwfhpj –hoej—# –j||omjh{j—# –èyollfèfh{j—#–yvrf|lej—# –`vlleo—# –r|fropfh{j—# –mfcoyej—# –ehweèj—# –|jhio|f—# –wvopo ehpf|eo|f—# –yocepvèhf—#–èyo|efhpjdfhpo—( P|j e èyifh`fhpe `fcc―Vodo we yoho ioco|o inf jyyommfppjhòye jcco Yre|epo `fc@eo P|jyifh`fhpf ye p|jy$go|djho eh Roroco è @eo# vhfhò pjcfhpe .yud$ljcvy% f iohèwe`fhò lfheiodvhe# lfccf{{j f omhe go|dj jizveyepj f |eiohoyievpj `j pvppe# è lvoh mowf|ho1 f zvfcce inf hfccjioyp|v{eohf è hvowe do`fcce jcpf|hjpewe# gjppe è |jrehj# ehweèj f yorr|vyo# rf|yfmvoho co Yre|epo èEhezvepâ# pvppo ro|pjhò f iohwomcejhò yv è yå# èwe`fhò .èj$ljcvy% èym|fmjhò# jll|vpfhò#

ehzvehjhò# yg|vppjhò# r|ogjhjhò# `fr|f`jhò# iohyvdjhò( F ioyã# òro ec Rfiijpo O|emehjcf#docpf jhedf iodehiejho j rf|`f|ye# rf|`fhò cj co|o lfccf{{j ehe{ejcf# hoh fyyfhò reõ hfcco Yre|epoMevypo dj eh zvfcco \elfccf# f iodehiejhò j` orf|j|f jcp|f yifcpf# zvfccf yvmmf|epf `j pvpp―jcp|o



Yre|epo# zvfcco inf î iohifrepo `j Yjpjhjfc inf î yfh{j Lfhf# yfh{j Wepj# yfh{j Wf|epâ .rf|inå hohmce jrrj|pfhmoho hfddfho wocfhò%# f inf rf|pjhpo# hoh fyyfhò eh yehpohej f eh o|èhf jccoYre|epo `fc @eo I|fjpo|f# r|o`vif yoco Djcf# jhinf rf| Ijppewf|ej( Dj @eo iohyfhpf inf zvfypoYre|epo Jwwf|yo fhp|e hfccj Ypo|ej iodf èyi|edehjhpf p|j ine yj jdj|f f iodref|f ec èyif|hedfhpo fine ehwfif wvocf |fypj|f iefio f yo|ò jc Yemho|f inf lvyyj jccj ro|pj f inejdj jccj Wf|epâ(

C-jhmfocomej î r|jpeijdfhpf jyyfhpf hfccj pfocomej `fc hoyp|o yfioco( Hoh i―î `j ypvre|yfhf* Fiiorf|inå ye yj docpo roio è Jhmfce f `fc |jrro|po ioh co Yre|epo Yjhpo# inf ehwfif î dvpvjlecf fèhèyrfhyjlecf rf| hoe f co|o( Ypejdo ehgjppe rj|cjhò `fe Dfyyjmmf|e è @eo f ioh co|o iohèweèjdoc―fyrf|efh{j hfcco Yre|epo( Rf|inå ehyefdf yejdo hfccj wewj io||fhpf `fcco Yre|epo( Jcivhe è co|o coyoho jhio|j è reõ hfcco yrfiegeio# yf ye rfhye je iodrepe f jccf gvh{eohe inf @eo nj jpp|elvepo je YjhpeDeinfcf J|ijhmfco# Mjl|efcf f \jggjfcf( Ehgjppe# hfc mevypo o|èhf# |eyrfppo jc R|omfppo è @eo#iodrepo `fmce Jhmfce î zvfcco è djhegfypj|f# r|fyf|wj|f f jyyfioh`j|f c-o|èhf f ec R|omfppo @ewehoinf rf|wjòho c-Vhewf|yo; fyye yoho jh{epvppo ro|pjpo|e `fccj Cfmmf Yvr|fdj f iodf pjce ie yfmvoho#ie ivypoèyioho# ie jevpjho( C-Jhmfco î Rv|o Yre|epo# cvif |jèoyj# wel|jhpf fhf|mej( Hfccj Ypo|ej# mceJhmfce royyoho fhp|j|f eh iohpjppo ioh hoe yoppo cf reõ ywj|ejpf go|df f eh èwf|ye doè; iodfrf|yohf iodvhe# iodf gemv|f è cvif# yoppo go|dj è we|vy f djcjppef# o jhinf iodf woie# yvyyv||e#

rfhyef|e# |egcfyyeohe# eccvdehj{eohe# yomhe# weyeohe# ioco|e f yvohe( Zvfypo jevpj c―vodo j èyif|hf|f(

@vhzvf# òro ec rfiijpo# co Yre|epo# hoh ropfwj reõ |edjhf|f yvcc―vodo# hfcc―vodo( Ioyã ye îdjhegfypjpo yoppo go|dj è @ohe( Hoe ijppv|ejdo f pfhejdo cfmjpo j hoe co Yre|epo jpp|jwf|yo e @ohef cf M\J[EF inf @eo ie rj|pfierj( Dj @eo# j r|fyie`hf|f o dfho `jcco yrfyyo|f `fccj hoyp|j|einefypj# nj |efdrepo c―Vhewf|yo è Yvoe Jhmfce# Yre|epe Rv|e( O|j c―Vodo rvü ehwoij|f cjdjhegfypj{eohf `fcco Yre|epo .|jrr|fyfhpjpo iodf wfhpo# gvoio# iocodlf# jizvj# oceo# r|owf èyoggf|fh{j# iohyemceo# ioehie`fh{f rj|peiocj|e%# rjyyjhò rf| Mfyõ# rf| cj Dj`|f f jhinf jpp|jwf|yoc―jvyeceo `fmce Jhmfce f `fmce J|ijhmfce( Meollf ogg|f cj yvj pfypedohejh{j jpp|jwf|yo cj rj{efh{j è

g|ohpf jccf jwwf|yepâ1 Meowjhhe ec Ljppf{{jpo|f# ehwfif# `â zvfypj pfypedohejh{j; –No weypo co Yre|epoyifh`f|f iodf vhj iocodlj `jc iefco f |edjhf|f yv è Cve( Eo hoh co iohoyifwo# dj ine de njehwejpo j ljppf{{j|f ioh jizvj de jwfwj `fppo; C―vodo yvc zvjcf wf`|je yifh`f|f f |edjhf|f coYre|epo î iocve inf ljppf{{j eh Yre|epo Yjhpo( F eo no weypo f no |fyo pfypedohejh{j inf zvfype î ecGemceo è @eo—.Meowjhhe :#9<$90%( Co Yre|epo Yjhpo yifh`f yv Mfyõ# f co mve`j eh pvppj cj yvj wepjpf||fhj( Dj hoh rf| |edjhf|f yoco yv è Cve( Mfyõ î Iocve inf ljppf{{j eh Yre|epo Yjhpo( Ioh cj

gf`f f ec ljppfyedo# jhinf hoe |eifwejdo co ypfyyo Yre|epo è Mfyõ# f rj|pfierejdo jc yvo fyyf|f Gemceo è @eo( Dj ieü jwwefhf rf| df{{o `fcc―Vodo inf nj i|f`vpo hfccj \ewfcj{eohf `fcco Yre|epo(@e|â ec Ljppeypj; –Eo we ljppf{{o eh jizvj# dj wf||â zvjcivho òro è df inf we ljppf{{f|â eh Yre|epoYjhpo f j ive hoh yj|ü `fmho hfddfho è jccjiiej|f e yjh`jce—( @eo î fhp|jpo hfccj ypo|ej ioh Mfyõ(

Cj r|fpfyj è fyyf|f jò|jpo# hfccj iohif{eohf è Yjpjhjfc# î popjcf f hoh rj|{ejcf f hfddfho

cedepjpj j` jcivhf ie|ioypjh{f yrfiegeinf f rj|peiocj|e `fccj ypo|ej vdjhj( Ec gjppo î inf rf| r|fpfh`f|f c-jò|j{eohf popjcf `fcc-vdjhepâ hoh ljypj fyyf|f ec –r|ehierf `fccf ropfh{f `fcc-j|ej— f ec–r|ehierf è zvfypo dohò—( Hoh î yvggeiefhpf jwf|f vh Mowf|ho Yre|epvjcf yej rv|f ioyãfggeiefhpfdfhpf o|mjhe{{jpo iodf ec yvo( Rf| fyyf|f jò|jpo `j pvppj c-vdjhepâ fmce nj leyomho è vhmowf|ho dohèjcf rocepeijdfhpf f` fiohodeijdfhpf jcp|fppjhpo o|mjhe{{jpo( Yoco jcco|j cj yvjjdle{eohf rop|â fyyf|f jrrjmjpj# yoco jcco|j ec yvo `fye`f|eo yj|â yo`èygjppo f cj yvj r|fpfyj|fjce{{jpj( @oro cj ij`vpj `fcc-Vodo# Yjpjhjfc nj pfhpjpo yfdr|f è ehypjv|j|f vh o|èhf rocepeioinf mce rf|dfppfyyf è |jmmevhmf|f ec yvo olefppewo hfc deho| pfdro royyelecf( Cj yvj î vhj wf|j f

r|or|ej coppj iohp|o ec Pfdro inf î yijppjpo ioh c―jccohpjhjdfhpo è J`jdo `jcc―F`fh( Yjpjhjfc njweypo yijppj|f zvfccj icfyye`|j f nj iodehiejpo j o|mjhe{{j|f e yvoe fyf|iepe( Hoh i-î jhio|j |evyiepo jro|pj|f j iodredfhpo ec yvo r|omfppo rf|inå vhj go|{j co nj yfdr|f p|jppfhvpo# ioyp|ehmfhòco j hoh

djhegfypj|ye iodrcfpjdfhpf( Zvjhò zvfypj go|{j yj|â |edoyyj# ec ajpfinoh# zvjhò ieoî c-oypjiocoyj|â pocpo è df{{o# jcco|j –yj|â djhegfypjpo c-fdreo— .< Pfyyjcoheifye <;>%1 dj yeh `jc r|ehiereoYjpjhjfc î ypjpo yfdr|f eh orf|j .< Pfyyjcoheifye <;=% f pvppj cj ypo|ej vdjhj î ypjpj ehgcvfh{jpj eh



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i|fj|f vh yeypfdj fiohodeio mcoljcf dei|oinerrjpo .ec Dj|ineo `fccj Lfypej?%1 cj rocepeij ye dvowfwf|yo c-eypepv{eohf è vh mowf|ho vheio dohèjcf# ioh c―jwwjcco è Lfhf`fppo ^WE ec <9 oppol|f <2::#òwf c-Vheohf Fv|orfj meoinf|â# |eijppjpj `jccf wj|ef yoiefpâ j` noi è \jpehm# vh |voco r|edj|eojhinf hfccf mvf||f gvpv|f eh DfèoO|efhpf1 cj pfihocomej yogeypeijpeyyedj# inf pjhpo gjiecepj cj hoyp|jwepj# wefhf vpece{{jpj rf| iohp|occj|ie# yinf`j|ie f viie`f|ie <0 o|f yv <0( Zvfype yeypfde f jcp|ejhio|j yj|jhho docpo vpece jcc-JhpeI|eypo rf| jyyvdf|f eh pfdre l|fweyyede ec iohp|occo jyyocvpo `fcdohò f zvehè `fccj jhedf `j ro|pj|f j Yjpjhj iodf –yji|egeieo— ioyã iodf r|f$jhhvhiejpo( Fiio rf|inå cj Ypo|ej yejdo hoe; rf|inå yejdo hoe inf `fieèjdo inf ioyj î ypo|eio# ieoî @fmho èfyyf|f |eio|`jpo# @fmho è fyyf| weyyvpo f jdjpo# @fmho è fyyf|f jyyedecjpo f jrr|ogohèpo# @fmhoè|f# gj|f# ehyfmhj|f# p|jydfppf|f( Hfccj Lellej ye î r|oif`vpo ioyã yeh `jcc―ehe{eo# jyyoddjhò

fyrf|efh{f è Roroce èwf|ye vhepe hfcc―Vheio Wf|o f Jvpfhpeio Yre|epo è @eo( Fiio co Yre|epo ypfyyo`fccj Ypo|ej; ioh c―eh`jmehf# cj |eif|ij# royyejdo iodr|fh`f|f dfmceo cj Wf|epâ# f ijre|f ioyj îyviifyyo hfc rjyyjpo# geho j yior|e|f inf cj Ypo|ej pvppj ie |ewfcj ec yvo deypf|o ioh Mfyõ yvccj I|oiff cj Yvj \fyv||f{eohf ec Pf|{o Meo|ho( –Ine if|ij cj Wf|epâ# co yjrrej o ho if|ij @eo— .Fèpn Ypfeh#fl|fj iohwf|pepj jc i|eypejhfyedo f do|pj hfe ijdre è ypf|deheo j` Jvyin}ep{( Cj ypo|ej î ieü inf ieî p|jdfyyo hfccj Yji|j Lellej f inf ye iohi|fpe{{j f wefhf djpv|jhòye yoppo c―Edrf|o \odjho# ehzvfccj pf||j è hfyyvho inf î Lfpcfddf# hfc Hjpjcf inf f|j `fc –@eo Yocf— <6 @eifdl|f `fcc―jhho 2(Ieü inf î jiij`vpo ioh zvfe meo|he è Jwwfhpo# ioh cj \fyv||f{eohf roe f ioh c―jppfyj `fccj Rj|vyãjo|j# ie nj jevpjpo j cvhmo j ijre|f dfmceo iodf wewf|f co Yre|epo R|fyfhpf f ie r|oefppj ioh zvfypjiohyjrfwocf{{j hfc Gvpv|o( @eo if|ij c―vodo hfccj Ypo|ej# co wvocf hfccj Ypo|ej# co ioehwocmf hfccjYpo|ej( @eif F{finefcf 97#<6$<>; –we jyrf|mf|ü ioh jizvj rv|j f yj|fpf rv|egeijpe1 eo we rv|egeinf|ü

`j pvppf cf woyp|f yo{{v|f f `j pvppe e woyp|e eòce1 we `j|ü vh ivo|f hvowo# dfppf|ü `fhp|o è woe vhoYre|epo hvowo# pomcef|ü `j woe ec ivo|f è refp|j f we `j|ü vh ivo|f è ij|hf( Ro||ü ec deo Yre|epo`fhp|o è woe f we gj|ü wewf|f yfiohò e defe ypjpvpe f we gj|ü oyyf|wj|f f dfppf|f eh r|jpeij cf defcfmme‧ Woe yj|fpf ec deo roroco f eo yj|ü ec woyp|o @eo—(

Cj deyyeohf `fe Rjmjhe# è yehpohe{{j|ye ioh cf ypfccf# rf| yior|e|f c―j|ijho î mevhpj j iodredfhpoocp|f <222 jhhe gj( @j jcco|j î fhp|jpo Mfyõ hfccj Ypo|ej( Hoh ie yoho jcp|f yocv{eohe rf| cj Yjcwf{{j(

Yefpf r|ohpe rf| zvfypo vcpedo rf|eoò `fccj ypo|ej `fc dohò? Gje fhp|j|f Mfyõ hfccj pvj wepj# îyfdrceif* \fivrf|j co Yre|epo è @eo inf ie nj dfyye jc dohò |fh`fhò Co`f f Mco|ej( Oho|jco*

Cj Deyyeohf `fccj Inefyj# m|j{ef jcco Yre|epo \ewfcjpo# yp|jrrj pvppe mce vodehe `jccj iohgvyeohf f cero|pj jccj Iodvheohf# iohwf|mfhòce f iohwf|pfhòce# yfh{j g|ohpef|f è |j{{f# ivcpv|f# yrj{eo fpfdro( I―î vh fcfdfhpo VHEWF\YJCF hfc Roroco è @eo# g|vppo `fc hvowo rjppo `fccj Rfhpfioypf(



C―o|momceo f c―fmoeydo `fcc―vodo# hohoypjhpf c―Jwwfhpo f c―Ehyfmhjdfhpo è Mfyõ# i|fjho yfdr|fhvowf èweyeohe# ehhjc{jho dv|e `―ehèggf|fh{j# è oèo f è weocfh{j( Co Yre|epo Yjhpo# jc iohp|j|eo#|fh`f e ivo|e ijrjie è iodr|fh`f|f cehmvf# mfypj f ivcpv|f# rf|inå |eypjleceyif ec rohpf `fcc―jvpfhpeijiodvheij{eohf g|j cj Pf||j f` ec Iefco( Hoh ie yj|jhho reõ Ljlfce? Yrf|jwjdo è ho# dj c―Fv|orjehyeypf ro|pjhò hfc yvo ivo|f f|fyef è omhe òwf# roe co yieydj `―Oiie`fhpf# zvehè cj |ego|dj

cvpf|jhj# c―vyv|j ijrepjceypeij `fe ljhinef|e ehmcfye# ec iodvheydo# ec hj{eohjcyoiejceydo pf`fyio* Rf|jgg|ohpj|f cj yvj deyyeohf hfc dohò# cj Inefyj# nj òwvpo |eifwf|f co Yre|epo Rfhpfioypjcf# dj iohc―edrfmho è fyyf|f f |edjhf|f gf`fcf jccj P|jè{eohf yfiohò ec I|fò Jroypoceio( F rf| zvfypo weyoho `vf iohè{eohe; \FYPJ\F EHYEFDF VHEPE# HFC YJHPO WJHMFCO# JCC―VHEIO @EO\EWFCJPO INF F― MFYV―# JCCJ YJHPJ FVIJ\FYPEJ# JCCJ DJ@\F YFDR\FWF\MEHF F R\FMJ\F# iohèwe`fhò pvppe co ypfyyo Yre|epo# cj ypfyyj R|oyrfppewj è Wepj# @opp|ehjYoiejcf f` Fiicfyejcf# cj ypfyyj Gf`f( @e iohp|o |eyinejdo è gj|ie jmm|fè|f eh omhe jhmoco `fchoyp|o wewf|f r|ewjpo f rf|e|f èyrf|jpe f yoce( Fiio jcco|j j||ewj|f `j yvlepo cf r|edf iohwf|yeohe(Jmce vodehe `fe pfdre `fmce jroypoce f|j `jpo è iodr|fh`f|f inf jccf co|o o|fiinej f je co|o oiinef|j mevhpj cj Lvohj Howfccj pjhpo jppfyj( Iohwf|moho yvccj gemv|j è Mfyõ e Rjmjhe è omhe cjpepvèhff cohmepvèhf( Yoho e Mfhpece# ioco|o inf njhho djhegfypjpo ivcpv|f èwf|yf `j zvfccj fl|jeij( Docpe

hfddfho yjrfwjho inf @eo yj|fllf fhp|jpo hfccj Ypo|ej( E R|ogfpe jwfwjho rj|cjpo jc dohò# djhoh pvppe mce jwfwjho r|fypjpo jyiocpo( Rf| Yjh Rjoco r|or|eo e Rjmjhe yoho vhj eddfhyj fdf|jwemceoyj pf||j è iohzveypj; hoh njhho iocpewjpo hå r|fmevè{e# hå inevyv|f dfhpjce# hår|ficvyeohe è omhe pero( Yfdl|j hoh jyrfppjyyf|o jcp|o `je pfdre `fe pfdre( If|po# ec Yemho|f inef`fcj hoyp|j ioccjlo|j{eohf# dj r|edj è zvjcyejye hoyp|j |eyroypj î hfifyyj|eo |eiohoyif|f cj YvjEhe{ejpewj; î ec Yvo Yre|epo# inf î ec Wf|o R|opjmoheypj `fccj Inefyj# hoh cf hoyp|f j{eohe# rf| reõm|jhè# yfdr|f deyf|f( E Rjmjhe è omhe cvomo f pfdro j`f|eyioho yf ehp|jwfòho hfccj Inefyj ecMevypo Yre|epo# co YRE\EPO MEVYPEGEIJPO\F @E PVPPF CF IOYF f hoh `fmce ehpf|fyye è zvferoine inf yf hf gjhho wjhpo( F p|j cf |fjcpâ yvyiepjpf `jcco Yre|epo hfccj Inefyj we yoho mce O|èhe# eDowedfhpe# cf Iodvhepâ fiicfyejce# pjhpe ij|eyde( Pvppj cj Inefyj î vh vheio m|jh`f dowedfhpojhedjpo `jcco Yre|epo Yjhpo# vh gevdf inf jpp|jwf|yj cj Ypo|ej rf| e||emj|cj ioh cj M|j{ej è @eo f|fh`f|cj gfioh`j è Wepj# è Lohpâ# è Lfccf{{j# è Mevype{ej# è Rjif eh I|eypo( R|edj è Rjoco cojwfwj iodr|fyo Yjh Djppfo# c―jroypoco f` fwjhmfceypj# inf `fyi|ewfhò c―j||ewo `fe Djme# hohdjhij è doyp|j|f yo|r|fyj f df|jwemcej è zvjhpo ropfhpf goyyf co Yre|epo `fccj I|fj{eohf infjwfwj jpp|jwf|yjpo eh omhe cvomo f pfdro ec ivo|e `fmce vodehe( F― c―vheio g|j mce Fwjhmfceype j hopj|fcj ro|pjpj è zvfypo fwfhpo( E \f inf wfhmoho `j cohpjho f `j pf||f Rjmjhf j` jò|j|f ec \f `fe \f(Omme ec rj|peiocj|f ygvmmf je reõ# dj hoh j Djppfo# inf ie |jiiohpf|â `fc Wjhmfco `fc \fmho(

E Rjp|ej|ine yoho ypjpe yifcpe hfc rjyyjpo `j @eo f` Fcfppe yor|j j pvppe `jcco Ypfyyo Yre|epo inf ce njro|pjpe j` fyyf|f mve`j `fc Roroco wf|yo cj Mevype{ej( Rf|inî oppfdrf|jhò hfcco Yre|epo p|jygf|eyyf|o`j mfhf|j{eohf j mfhf|j{eohf ec R|omfppo I|fj{eohjcf `fc Yfppedo Meo|ho# zvfcco inf ie wf`f

edrfmhjpe è|fppjdfhpf jpp|jwf|yo cj \f`fh{eohf# fcjlo|jhò hfc iohpfdro vhj P|jè{eohf inf roeye î gvyj hfccj Yjhpj Dj`|f Inefyj# Vhj# Ijppoceij# Jroypoceij f \odjhj( Hoî ioh zvfypo Yre|epoioyp|veyif c―J|ij# ioh ive @eo nj `fieyo è yfrj|j|f mce vodehe eh Yre|epo `je hfmcfppe# ype|rf è Ijeho`fmfhf|jpj f ehm|jpj( Jl|jdo ioh zvfypo Yre|epo gv r|ohpo j Yji|egeij|f hfccj Gf`f rf| ec @eo Vheio#ec r|or|eo vheio gemceo r|fècfppo( Doyî# eh zvfypo Yre|epo# |jiiocyf cj inejdjpj è |evhe|f ec Roroco è@eo f yopp|j|co `jcco Yre|epo rf|wf|yo `fc yvo Gj|johf# rf| pfdrf|j|co f go|mej|co# ioh cj p|jwf|yjpj`fc `fyf|po# hfccj Wf|epâ f hfccj P|jè{eohf( F yvc Yehje ioh zvfypo Yre|epo |eifwf cf pjwocf `fccjCfmmf( \f @jwe`f ioh zvfypo Yre|epo `â go|dj j` vh Roroco inf gehjcdfhpf ye f|j |evhepo eh vhjvheij P|elõ( Yjcodohf ioh vho Yre|epo –èwf|yo— f|emf ec Pfdreo j ijroyjcò `fcc―J|ij `fcc―JhpeijJccfjh{j# inf iohpefhf jhinf e Iodjh`jdfhpe iohyfmhjpe `j @eo `v|jhpf c―Fyoò( Dj hohoypjhpf cjyvj yjmmf{{j rf|`f cj go|{j è djhpfhf|f vhepf cf :< P|elõ( F` ec Pfdreo wf||â yoypepvepo `j @eo eh

vhj –Pfh`j è Ij|hf— .Yjh Rjoco% inf î Dj|ej f zvehè jlljppvpo( E R|ogfpe# ioh co Yre|epo Yjhpo# |er|fhòho# iohyemcejho# fcjlo|jho# r|oefppjho c―Vdjhepâ jc è câ `fc Pfdro f `fcco Yrj{eo# rf|inåco Yre|epo yoppfh`j cf j{eohe ypfyyf è omhvho# eh r|fweyeohf è zvfc inf yj|â( Hfyyvho pfhpe @eo ioh



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r|odehfhpf Wfhvpj `fc Dfyyej( F― m|j{ef jhinf j zvfypj orf|j yjhpj inf Dj|ej# eh weyepj jccj ivmehjFceyjlfppj j` Jeh Aj|fd èyyf; – C-jhedj dej djmhegeij ec Yemho|f f ec deo Yre|epo fyvcpj eh @eo# deoyjcwjpo|f#rf|inå nj mvj|`jpo c-vdecpâ `fccj yvj yf|wj( @-o|j eh roe pvppf cf mfhf|j{eohe de inejdf|jhho

Lfjpj—( Ec ivmeho è Mfyõ# Meowjhhe# gemceo è Fceyjlfppj# è yfe dfye reõ m|jh`f# ehij|hü zvfypoYre|epo geho eh gohò( Gv @fmho è Ljppf{{j|f Mfyõ# iodf f|j –r|fweypo— hfccf Yi|eppv|f( E \f Djme#Rjmjhe# ioh zvfypo Yre|epo# f` eh jppfyj `fcc―Vhpo `fc Yemho|f# if|ijwjho `je Iefce ec yfmhjcf Mevypof` jrr|fyf|o zvfcco inf f|j meâ yi|eppo hfc Ge|djdfhpo( Co yjrfwjho jhinf mce yi|ele è \f F|o`f#dj èyjppfyf|o co Yre|epo( Ioyã dfhp|f mce jcp|e \f# eh yehpohej ioh co Yre|epo Yjhpo yjrfwjho òwfif|ij|Co .j Lfpcfddf òwf f|j vh rjcj{{o è \f @jwe`f$cj ypfccj% e mev`fe# ehwfif# hoh Cojw|fllf|o |eiohoyievpo( Ec @feieèo f|j meâ ypjpo r|om|jddjpo yeh `jccj Yp|jmf `fmce Ehhoifhpe( Edemceo|e \f# zvfcce inf wewfwjho `fcco Yre|epo è @eo jppfh`fwjho ec Yocf Wewfhpf# \fmhjhpf fI|fjpo|f# Cvif f Yo|mfhpf è omhe ioyj f `fye`f|jwjho iohoyif|Co rf| jò|j|Co( Dj|ej gv iohifrepjioh zvfypo Yre|epo è|fppjdfhpf `jc I|fjpo|f# r|edj `fccj yvj hjyiepj ypo|eij1 f zvfypo M|j{ef jc YvoYE―# inf @eo jwfwj meâ weypo jc è câ `fe pfdre( Rf| zvfypo# iodf do`fcco `fc mfhf|f vdjho# Cfe

ypfyyj# hfccf yfdlejh{f è vhj hvowj Fwj# yj|â mfhf|jpj iodf gvpv|j Dj`|f è @eo( Ioh vh @omdjmce wf||â |eiohoyievpo c―fyyf|f cj Dj`|f è @eo f r|opopero è pvppe e Yjhpe# inf rv| èyifh`fhò `jc

r|edo Vodo f `jccj r|edj @ohhj# fyye gv|oho –i|fjpe— yvccj Yvj edr| ohpj lfcceyyedj# inf |eyjcf j r|edj è Pvppe e Pfdre( @j zvfccj ypfyyj Edr|ohpj yfh{j djiinej# –eddjiocpjpj—# $ dfyyj jc |erj|ojhinf `jcco Yre|epo Djcemho# rf|inå Iohifrepj r|edj `fe pfdre f zvehè `fccj \elfcceohf `fmceJhmfce f r|edj `fc Rfiijpo$ # @eo mfhf|f|â Yf Ypfyyo# ec Hvowo J`jdo# iodf Gemceo Ehij|hjpo( Iohieü \ewfcjhò rf| yfdr|f jc Dohò f jc Mfhf|f Vdjho cj Yvj Vheij f Wf|j Eddjmehf fYodemcejh{j( –FIIF NODO**—( F― jhinf Cve# yã# gemceo è zvfcc―Vodo f è zvfcco Yre|epo# djyor|jppvppo `fccj Iohif{eohf# inf f|j r|edj è omhe Djcf(

Cj Cvif# ioh pvppo ec Yvo Deypf|o# ye Djhegfypf|â ioh co Yre|epo f cj Rj|ocj è @eo yvc Meo|`jho#

hfccf Ho{{f j Ijhj# hfccj P|jygemv|j{eohf yvc Dohpf Pjlo|# hfcc―jhhvhieo –|erfpvpo— `fc \fmho fhfccj eypepv{eohf `fccj Fvij|fypej( Eh jmmevhpj ye Djhegfypf|ü eh pvppo ec Yvo Yrcfhò|f hfccj Rj|vyãj(

Hfc Wjhmfco è Meowjhhe# Dj|ej# î inejdjpj yfdr|f –cj Dj`|f è Mfyõ—( Fccj î jddeheyp|jp|eif`fccj Deyf|eio|èj f èyrfhyjp|eif `fcco Yre|epo è @eo# yedloco `fcc-Ey|jfcf gf`fcf# inf jyrfppj `jMfyõ ec òho `fc weho `fcc-jccfjh{j hvowj .Ho{{f è Ijhj%( Dj|ej î iocfe inf nj gjppo iodref|f jcGemceo ec r|edo de|jioco `fccj yvj wepj rvllceij# f` î rf|ieü r|fyfhpjpj iodf cj dfèjp|eif è pvppf cfm|j{ef r|fyyo Mfyõ I|eypo( Hfmce Jppe `fmce Jroypoce î r|fyfhpjpj eh r|fmnef|j ehyefdf ioh mcejroypoce f e èyifroce eh jppfyj `fccj wfhvpj `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo( Cvij# eh yfmvepo# iodr|fyo co Yre|epoè zvfypf ioyf# j Fgfyo ye gfif |jiiohpj|f è rf|yohj zvfcco inf cj Dj`|f yf|ljwj hfc Yvo Ivo|f fzvehè hf |eifwfppf eh refho co Yre|epo è @eo# wf`fhò inf f|j hfccj I|fj{eohf pvppo èyrefmjpo(Yfiohò cj weyeohf Ijppoceij zvfype gjppe èdoyp|f|fllf|o inf Cfe gv ec ifhp|o jppo|ho j ive ec hvowoRoroco è @eo ye |evhã rf| cj èyifyj `fcco Yre|epo# inf î cj hjyiepj `fccj Inefyj(

Ioh cf Ho{{f è Ijhj# Mfyõ# |ewfcj pvppo c―j|ijho# ec deypf|o jhifyp|jcf inf |vopj jppo|ho jccoYre|epo# f inf co jwfwj |fyo hoh yfdr|f iodr|fhyelecf j pvppe f dje popjcdfhpf( F― hfc de|jioco `fc–weho— f hfc poho ioh ive ye |ewocmf jccj Dj`|f inf doyp|j ec yvrf|jdfhpo `fc èwj|eo mfhf|jpo p|jc―edr|frj|jpj Fwj f c―Vodo# p|j c―Vodo f co Yre|epo è @eo( Cj Dj`|f |eiohoyif c―f||o|f rjyyewo èFwj f zvehè `fc mfhf|f vdjho zvjhò rfhyj è fyyf|f ij|epjpfwocf f djmhjhedo ioh cf ioyf è @eo#f inejdjhòco Yemho|f# inef`f j inevhzvf è dfppf|ye jc Yvo yf|we{eo( Dj fiio inf Mfyõ ie doyp|jeh vhj yedlocomej ehiohyvfpj# iodf ypjhho |fjcdfhpf cf ioyf( Gj ro|pj|f `fcc―jizvj `fhp|o yfe mej|f(Zvfypf iodr|fhòho e meo|he `fccj I|fj{eohf# c―Orf|j R|edj f` e||erfpelecf `fc Rj`|f( F` fiio inf

@eo# iodrejievpo `fcco Yre|epo inf î hfccj gfypj f zvehè inf î yifyo p|j mce vodehe eh Go|dj Mevypjf` ehfzvewoijlecf# p|jygo|dj c―jizvj eh weho( F Mfyõ# j zvfypo rvhpo dfppf ec èpo yv zvfcco inf gehojcco|j f|j ygvmmepo je reõ; –ioyj no eo j inf gj|f ioh pf òhhj?—( Ehyoddj# ioyj jw|fllf Mfyõ j inf



gj|f ioh hoe fyyf|e vdjhe f` ehm|jpe `fc Yfppedo Meo|ho?( F meâ( @eo ec Yfypo Meo|ho# inf f|j èWfhf|`ã yfiohò ec ijcfh`j|eo fl|jeio# i|fj c―Vodo( Ec Yfppedo Meo|ho# zvehè# ec Yjljpo# @eo |eroyjf cjyiej cf ehiodlfh{f jcc―Vodo( @e|â Mfyõ; hoh î c―Vodo gjppo rf| ec Yjljpo# dj ec Yjljpo rf| c―Vodo( Ioyj f|j ygvmmepo jmce vodehe `fc hoyp|o Pfdro# inf co |edr|owf|jwjho rf| jwf| yjcwjpo`fccf rfio|f hfc meo|ho è |eroyo è @eo? Ioh inf Yre|epo fyye cjwo|jwjho hfccj Wemhj `fc Yemho|f?

Dj zvjcf òwfwj fyyf|f `vhzvf ec Meo|ho è Mfyõ# yf cve è Yjljpo iodref vh de|jioco? Cj@odfheij f|j rf| mce fl|fe ec r|edo meo|ho `fccj yfppedjhj# dj Mfyõ ie doyp|j inf `―o|j ehhjh{ezvfcco yj|fllf ypjpo ec Meo|ho Yvo# `fc Yemho|f( Co Yre|epo `fccj @odfheij# meo|ho è yjhpegeij{eohfî fhp|jpo hfccj Ypo|ej# doègeijhò rf| yfdr|f zvfc Ijcfh`j|eo f zvfccj p|jè{eohf inf jwfwj i|fjpovodehe oppvye iodf cj refp|j( Co|o hoh f|jho @eo# dj zvfc meo|ho |eroyjwjho ioh @eo( O|j jiij`finf fyyfhò Mfyõ Gemceo `fcc―Vodo# dj jhinf @eo# jw|fllf òwvpo fyyf|f jhinf rf| Cve ec Yfppedomeo|ho# ec Yvo Meo|ho( Dj hoh î r|or|eo ioyã( Mfyõ jrrj|pefhf rf| Yvj ypfyyj Hjpv|j jc Meo|hoHvowo# zvfcco yviifyyewo jc Yfppedo inf î r|or|eo `fcc―Vodo( @vhzvf ec Meo|ho è Mfyõ î c―Oppjwo#inf hfc hoyp|o Pfdro hoh fyeypf jhio|j# jh{e hoh fyeypf|â dje( F― zvfcco |eyf|wjpo yeh `jcc―Ehe{eo jCve# r|edj inf ec Rj`|f co djh`jyyf j yoiio||f|ie hfc hoyp|o( @vhzvf @eo ec Yfppedo Meo|ho îioyp|fppo j cjwo|j|f f `fwf jhinf yfhpe|ye è|f inf Yjljpo hoh ye iodreoho de|jioce( Fiio jhio|j vh

fcfdfhpo inf ie jevpj j iodr|fh`f|f co Yre|epo `fc Ljppfyedo; Mfyõ ie jevpj j r|oefppj|ie hfc HvowoMeo|ho# hfccj Hvowj Wepj# zvfccj eh ive rop|fddo wewf|f ioh Cve( @vhzvf ec cjwo|o hfccj Wemhj# iohzvfypo Mevypo Yre|epo# î r|orf`fvpeio jc rjyyjmmeo# jc –P\JRJYYO—# hfc \fmho è @eo# ioyã ehIefco iodf eh Pf||j# inf î rj|jccfco jc hoyp|o# dj pvppo|j ehweyelecf je hoyp|e oiine# jccj hoyp|j dfhpf#jccj hoyp|j jhedj( We jiifèjdo yoco jiiodrjmhjpe `jcco Yre|epo Yjhpo; î ec |fmho `fccf Lfjpepvèhe(

Ioh ec Ljppfyedo f ec iohyfhyo fyrceiepo `fe mfhepo|e f `fe rj`|ehe .Pfypedohe% iohpehvf|â# jpp|jwf|yoec mev|jdfhpo f cj r|odfyyj `fcc―edrfmho# j eh$goh`f|f f èg$goh`f|f co Yre|epo# j |erj|o `fc Djcf f`fccf pfhpj{eohe è Yjpjhjfc f `fc yvo Yre|epo \elfccf f` Ehm|jpo# iodf |erj|j{eohf `fc RfiijpoO|emehjcf# inf ie jwfwj èyioypjpo `j Cve( Ioh cj I|fyedj# ec Djp|edoheo# c―O|èhf ye ioh$gf|dj frf|rfpvj co Yre|epo hfcc―orf|j mfhep|eif# go|djp|eif f hfo$iohgfyyeohjcf( Ioh c―Fyp|fdj Vh{eohf|eiohyfmhejdo j @eo co Yre|epo è Iodvheohf inf nj iohòppo cj hoyp|j wepj f cf hoyp|f yifcpf hfccjYrf|jh{j `fc \fmho( Cf Rj|jlocf è Mfyõ njhho ec yfhyo è p|jydfppf|f zvfcco Yre|epo( Ioh zvfypoYre|epo –e Djcjpe ye yjcwjho# e Iefine wfòho# e Yo|è yfhpoho# mce Eh`fdohejpe ye celf|jho `fc

royyfyyo—( Cj Dj``jcfhj f` ec Gemceoc R|oèmo |fivrf|jho co Yre|epo f Mfyõ if ce ro|pj j` fyfdreo(Ioh zvfypo Yre|epo mce jdeie f cj mfhpf yfmve|oho Mfyõ yvccj Dohpjmhj rf| jyiocpj|f ec @eyio|yo`fccf Lfjpepvèhe f cj r|fmnef|j jc Rj`|f Hoyp|o; èwf|yo gv rf| ec Meowjhf \eiio inf r|fgf|ã yfmve|fco Yre|epo è Djddohj reõ inf zvfcco `fe Wemhjeoce( Ioh zvfypo Yre|epo mce jdeie è Lfpjhej yeehp|jppfhfwjho ioh ec Djfyp|o( Mce Jroypoce# hfcc―Vcpedj Ifhj# |eifwoho `j Mfyõ co Yre|epo èIodvheohf f cj Iohge|dj{eohf `fc \fmho# f` ec Yvo \epo|ho rf| Mevèij|f e Wewe f` e Do|pe# fc―edro|pjh{j geho jcco|j è cjwo|j|f pvppe ehyefdf hfccj Wemhj( Mfyõ ie cjyiej ec Yvo Io|ro f` ec Yvo

Yjhmvf hfccf yrfief fvij|eypeinf f ioh Zvfypf co Yre|epo è Yji|egeieo( Hfccj Rfhpfioypf# co Yre|epo ceiohyji|j hfc I|fò f mce Jroypoce iohwf|poho docpepvèhe rcv|ecehmvf( Co Yre|epo |fh`f co`f j @eoioh cj \fyv||f{eohf `fc Gemceo( Yjh Rjoco ye gj yf|wo `fcco Yre|epo f yge`j c―emho|jh{j è zvfe yfmvjieè Mfyõ inf ehpfhòho yfiohò cj Cfmmf Doyjeij jpp|elve|f jcco Yre|epo vhj Go|dj –dohomfhfpeij—#–|jèijcf—# –eddoègeijlecf—# jh{einå –fpf|omfhfpeij—# jhio|jhòcj jccj p|jè{eohf Fl|jeij `fccjIe|iohieyeohf( @e gjppo edrf`fhò inf co Ypfyyo Yre|epo# o|j Edrf|yohegeijpo eh Mfyõ royyj fyyf|fèggvyo j pvppo ec mfhf|f vdjho( Yjh Rjoco rf| cj r|edj wocpj cjif|j ec Pjlõ# f jpp|elveyif jcco Yre|epovhj Fyyfh{j# |eiohoyifhò Fyyo rj|pf `fccj P|ehepâ( Ioyã# iohyemcejhò Refp|o# co Yre|epo iodehiej jfyrjh`f|ye owvhzvf p|jdepf c―jroypocjpo f zvehè c―fwjhmfce{{j{eohf# `jhò io|ro jccf Deyyeohe( CoYre|epo Yjhpo inf r|edj hoh ye wf`fwj f hoh ye yfhpewj# dj ye djhegfypjwj eh deccf go|df# o|j iohMfyõ Ehij|hjpo jyyvdfwj jhinf vh Wocpo( Ehweyelecf f ehjggf||jlecf# jwfhòCo iohoyievpo dfèjhpf

cj @edfhyeohf è Mfyõ# î reõ inf dje –Fyyfh{ejcf— rf|inî zvjcioyj wewj# ye dvowj# i|fyij f èjg|vppo( Yejdo èhhjh{e jc deypf|o `fc „@eo hjyioypo― inf omhvho è hoe `fwf edrj|j|f j E`fhpegeij|fhfccj r|fyfh{j geyeij f` Fvij|eypeij è Mfyõ( Co Yre|epo èwfhpj hfcc―Fv|orj I|eypejhj vho Yre|epo è



E`fhpepâ( Yjh Rjoco Co iohye`f|j vhj r|fyfh{j èwehj eh hoe# wewj f rjcrepjhpf1 vhj R|fyfh{jP|jygo|djhpf inf rv|egeij f yjhpegeij f` vhj r|fyfh{j orf|jhpf inf `â go|{j f mve`j cf j{eohe `fmcevodehe f `fccf Hj{eohe( Dj î yor|jppvppo vhj yo|mfhpf( Co Yre|epo Yjhpo yio||f eh hoe iodf vhjyo|mfhpf inf hoh ye èyyfiij dje# iodf vhj gohpf jccj zvjcf ie jllfwf|ejdo `fccj go|{j òhjpjie `j@eo( Ine jppehmf j zvfypj Yo|mfhpf hoh ye yfhpe|â dje ygehepo# jh{e yj|â ijrjif è jgg|ohpj|f cj wepj

yfh{j rjv|f# wf`|â cf ioyf ioh inej|f{{j# p|owf|â ec rejif|f è wewf|f f j`fdref|â je r|or|e iodrepe( Dj î eh Mfhfye 9#:6 inf hoe p|owejdo cj yehpfye è ieü inf jiij`|â eh zvfypo Yre|epo; –Eo ro||üehedeie{ej p|j pf f cj òhhj# p|j cj pvj ype|rf f cj yvj ype|rf; zvfypj pe yinejiif|â cj pfypjf pv cf ehyeèf|je ec ijcijmho—( Zvfypo rjyyo hfccj pfocomej i|eypejhj î ec ioye``fppo R|opoWjhmfco#r|fgemv|j{eohf ieoî `fcc-fwfhpo yjcwegeio# |fjce{{jpo rf| df{{o jhinf è vhj òhhj# cj Wf|mehf#|ecfppj iodf –hvowj Fwj— `fccj \f`fh{eohf( Cj cfppv|j `fccj p|jè{eohf `fccj Inefyj wf`f ioyã hfccjype|rf `fccj òhhj I|eypo; î cve inf yinejiiej cj pfypj `fc yf|rfhpf# inf yedlocfmmej ec èjwoco# f|fèdf c-vdjhepâ `jc rfiijpo# rf|inå co Yre|epo è @eo p|owe iodredfhpo( Pvppjwej# cj r|fyfh{j `fccjòhhj .Fwj j cewfcco cfppf|jcf% r|fgemv|j Dj|ej# iocfe inf rohfhòye jc yf|we{eo è @eo rf|dfppfc-fhp|jpj fc Yjcwjpo|f hfc dohò .Cvij :#9>%( Cfe# Wfhp|f# Ro|pj f Pfh`j( Dj|ej zvehè# hfccj cfppv|jp|jè{eohjcf `fccj Inefyj# rj|pfierj# jhinf yf eh go|dj yvlo|èhjpj# jccj weppo|ej è I|eypo yvc

rfiijpo( E Rj`|e r|fyfhpjho Dj|ej iodf vhj |jèijcf orroyep|eif jc `fdoheo f jc rfiijpo( Î r|or|eozvfypj yepvj{eohf rf|yohjcf `fccj Wf|mehf inf nj yrehpo m|j`vjcdfhpf ec roroco i|eypejho jiodr|fh`f|f iodf Fccj hoh ropfyyf jwf| hvccj `j yrj|pe|f ioh ec rfiijpo# hfrrv|f ioh cj iocrjo|emehjcf( Zvjhò c-Jhmfco nj wocpo jccj Wf|mehf zvfypo yjcvpo# –Jwf Dj|ej# Refhj è M|j{ef— jcco|jco Yre|epo Yjhpo c-nj gfioh`jpj f |efdrepj è m|j{ej1 ioh ec Yvo YE― Fccj jiiomcef ec Yemho|f# jggehinåeh Cfe goyyf Iocve inf c―jwfwj –iohifrepj—( J zvfypo òho jyyocvpjdfhpf m|jpvepo Dj| ej nj |eyroypoioh cj yvj èyrohelecepâ f ioccjlo|j{eohf; –Fiio cj yf|wj `fc Yemho|f1 ye gjiiej è df yfiohò cj pvjRj|ocj—( @j zvfypo iohpfypo òdehjpo `jccj Deyf|eio|èj f `jcc-Jdo|f è @eo f `jccj ehiohè{eohjpjj`fyeohf è Dj|ej yijpv|eyif zvfcc―jrrceij{eohf è wepj i|eypejhj yvmmf|epj `jccj rjmehj `fccj cfppf|jè Y( Rjoco jmce Fgfyehe; –Ie nj lfhf`fppo ioh omhe Lfhfè{eohf Yre|epvjcf hfe iefce eh I|eypo± .Fg :#9%( Yejdo hfccj Yjhpj Ijyj# o|j j Co|fpo j yfmvepo è vhj de|jiocoyo p|jhycj{eohf inf î jwwfhvpjhoh yfh{j |erfhyjdfhpe `j rj|pf è @eo# inf òro Gevdf c―nj gjppj `froyepj|f ec jcp|e 0 cvomne hfccjDj|inemejhj( Iodf cj Wf|mehf Eddjiocjpj j Hj{j|fpn# hfccj reiiocj iodvhepâ è 922 jhedfr|fwjcfhpfdfhpf jhjcgjlfpf# yejdo ypjpe hoe rv|f r|f`fypehjpe# jpp|jwf|yo co Yre|epo# inf jclf|mj hfehoyp|e ivo|e# j` fyyf|f –co`f `fccj Yvj Mco|ej— .Fg :#:<%# ioh cj hoyp|j wepj f pfypedohejh{j i|eypejhj(Fccj î –refhj è m|j{ej— rf|inå î ypjpj ommfppo è vh gjwo|f f è vhj fcf{eohf vheie# î ypjpj jhinf cfe–m|j{ejpj—# ieoî yjcwjpj m|jpvepjdfhpf `jccj m|j{ej è I|eypo( .Fccj î ypjpj r|fyf|wjpj `jc rfiijpoo|emehjcf# –eh r|fweyeohf `fe df|epe è I|eypo—*%( Dj î –refhj è m|j{ej— jhinf hfc yfhyo inf cj yifcpjè @eo c―nj |fyj yrcfh`fhpf# yfh{j djiinej# –pvppj Lfccj( C―Eddjiocjpj Iohif{eohf î cj gfypj `fccjm|jpvepâ# `fccj `fmhepâ# `fccj lfccf{{j# f nj zvjcioyj è edro|pjhpeyyedo `j è|f j hoe omme( Co Yre|epo`fccj Lfccf{{j# inf hjyif ioh Cfe# f inf cj gj èwfhpj|f J|ij# ie poiij pvppe# f` î vhj `fccf doccf reõ

r|ogoh`f `fcc―jme|f vdjho( C―jdo|f rf| fyyj ie jiiodvhj pvppe1 yejdo pvppe jpp|jppe `jccj lfccf{{j( –Ecdohò yj|â yjcwjpo `jccj lfccf{{j—# nj `fppo @oypofwyake( Yã# dj `jccj lfccf{{j è Dj|ej Eddjiocjpjinf ye ioccoij yvc pf|{o rejho# zvfcco `fccj yjhpepâ f `fccj m|j{ej f hf ioypepveyif jh{e# òro I|eypo# ecwf|peif( Î lfccf{{j ehpf|eo|f# gjppj è cvif# è j|dohej# è io||eyroh`fh{j rf|gfppj p|j cj |fjcpâ fc―eddjmehf inf jwfwj @eo èhhjh{e j yå# hfc i|fj|f cj òhhj( Î Fwj eh pvppo ec yvo yrcfhò|f frf|gf{eohf# cj –hvowj Fwj—# Iocfe inf g|fhj J`jdo `jc iodref|f c―f||o|f# zvfc p|jmeio f||o|f èjrrjmj|f e r|or|e eypehpe f cj r|or|ej yvrf|lej ioh vhj jhifyp|f( Ec Ijhpeio `fe Ijhpeie ifcfl|j zvfypjlfccf{{j hfccj yroyj f hfcco yroyo# ioh fhpvyejydo ehyvrf|jpo f yfh{j iodrcfyye( Jhin―fyyj îI|fj{eohf è @eo# jh{e ec geo|f ypfyyo `fccj i|fj{eohf djpf|ejcf f yre|epvjcf( @eiejdo rf|ü inf fyyj`fwf fyyf|f yfdr|f vhj lfccf{{j –vdjhj—# f rf|ieü |egcfyyo è vh―Jhedj f è vho Yre|epo(

Cf òhhf inf jdjho f` njhho jdjpo Mfyõ# co njhho Jdjpo ioh Yre|epo Lfcco# ioh Yre|epo f@fye`f|eo è \f`fh{eohf# ioh Yre|epo è Yf|we{eo( Ioh zvfypo Yre|epo Mfyõ nj jdjpo ehèypehpjdfhpfvodehe f òhhf# eddocjhò Yf Ypfyyo yvccj I|oif( Cf òhhf Wf|f jccfwjho hfc co|o wfhp|f# yfh{j



pepvlj|f# e gemce `fcc―vodo# inf iohyji|f|jhho j @eo( Fiio rf|inå cj Inefyj î Dj`|f( Rf| zvfcco infî dfmceo rf| e gemce f rf| yjcwjmvj|`j|f pvppe `j zvfcco inf î rfmmeo# cj Inefyj# ioh cj –òcifgf|df{{j— inf mce î pereij# dfppf j èyroye{eohf yp|vdfhpe go|de`jlece rf| |eiohiecej|ie ioh co Yre|epof |edjhf|f hfcco Yre|epo inf î @eo# go|djhò yfdr|f reõ hvowf |ficvpf( Cj Inefyj è gjppo hjyif f yeywecvrrj ioh zvfypo Yre|epo# inf î Vhewf|yjcf f zvehè Ijppoceio yeh `jcc―ehe{eo# rf|inå è|fppo j

Pvppe f iohpfhfhpf ec Pvppo( Mce Fwjhmfceype |fmeyp|jho zvfypo Yre|epo rf| p|jydfppf|co je roypf|e ioyãinf |fype ehiohpjdehjpo geho jccj gehf# iohpfhfhpf pvppo ieü inf î yviifyyo f î ypjpo `fppo( Yjh Dj|io#yeh `j reiioco rf|ifreyif co Yre|epo f yfmvf Mfyõ owvhzvf; jhinf hfcc―Vcpedj Ifhj f hfcc―O|po `feMfpyfdjhe ec meo|ho `fc p|jèdfhpo f `fccj ijppv|j( Ec @eyifroco# yfmvjif è Refp|o# roe |eifwf `j YjhRjoco ec df|epjpo iodrepo è |jiiohpj|f zvfcco inf nj weyyvpo iodf pfypedohf# jhinf |frceijhò cfodfcef `fcc―Jroypoco fcfppo Ijro `fccj Inefyj# `j Mfyõ( Ioyã jhinf Cvij |eifwf ehè|fppjdfhpf `jc―Edrf|jpo|f Pelf|eo# p|jdepf Roh{eo Recjpo r|edj f Pfogeco roe .j ive î `fèijpo ec yvo Wjhmfco% cj|einefypj go|djcf è |jiiohpj|f# iohgemv|j|f f òivdfhpj|f ypo|eijdfhpf ec Dfyyej rf| p|jygo|dj|f ecI|eypejhfyedo eh |fcemeohf vggeiejcf è \odj( Hoh f|jho yeiv|jdfhpf `fcco ypfyyo Yre|epo cj Iv|ej fèc Yfhjpo \odjho( Ieohohoypjhpf cj Inefyj èwfhpf|â \odjhj( E Pfdre f|jho meâ djpv|e(

Hfccj P|jygemv|j{eohf# yv Mfyõ yifh`f co Yre|epo Yjhpo# yoppo ec yfmho `fccj hvlf# f cã ye yfhpf èhvowo cj woif `fc Rj`|f# iodf jc Ljppfyedo( F Mfyõ# yjcepo yvc dohpf Pjlo| ehyefdf j Refp|o#Mejiodo f Meowjhhe# wefhf iohgf|djpo `jc Rj`|f ioh co Yre|epo Yjhpo# f ioyã p|owj cj go|{j èjh`j|f j Mf|vyjcfddf j ogg|e|f eh òho cj Yvj Wepj# hfcc―Vcpedj Ifhj f yvccj I|oif(

Infiinf hf rfhyeho e hoyp|e jwwf|yj|e inf cj `fhem|jho# cj Inefyj î ioypepvepj f goh`jpj ioh zvfypoypfyyo fpf|ho Yre|epo Jcp|veypeio f yfdr|f hvowo ivypoèyif cj Hvowj f` Fpf|hj Jccfjh{j inf î Mfyõeh Rf|yohj( Ec Rjrj fyf|iepj ec djh`jpo ioh# rf| f `jcco Yre|epo Yjhpo inf yfllfhf hoh yfdr|fjclf|mj hfe Ij|èhjce Fcfppo|e |evhepe eh iohicjwf .eh pfo|ej yfh{j ehgcvfh{f fypf|hf rf|inå `fwoho|jmmevhmf|f vhepâ è ehpfhpe rfhyjhò jccj Inefyj f jccj Yvj Deyyeohf hfc dohò%# roe# rf| df|epo`fccj Gf`f `fc Rohpfgeif# Fmce# co Yre|epo# e||o|j pvppo ec yvo djh`jpo( Co Yre|epo fhp|j eh refho hfccjhoyp|j wepj eh fggvyeohf yji|jdfhpjcf f ye djpf|ejce{{j hfc Djp|edoheo o hfccj yifcpj deypeij `fccjinejdjpj j èwfhpj|f Yjif|òpf# Iohyji|jpo# Inef|eio# Dohjio# G|jpf# Yvo|j( Fiio rf|inå cj Inefyjie rj|cj è ehèyyocvlecepâ `fc Djp|edoheo; rf|inå yf iohp|jppo ioh zvfypo Yre|epo .yoco yf iohp|jppoeh zvfypo Yre|epo# yfh{j ec zvjcf wjcf jhinf ec –R|ewecfmeo Rjoceho—%# jc è câ `fccf iohp|owf|yefdjpf|ejce# e iohevme |fypjho pfypedohe è zvfypo Yre|epo r|fyyo e Gemce( Jmm|fè|f cj gjdemcej `jccj yvjljyf woij{eohjcf f yji|jdfhpjcf î cj djhef|j rf| èyrf|`f|f ec yfhyo `fcco Yre|epo f èyo|efhpj|f cfjhedf ie|ij cj co|o deyyeohf f |fyrohyjlecepâ wf|yo e gemce f` ec I|fjpo( Cf cfmme yvccj gjdemcej njhho|fcjpewe{{jpo eh docpe Rjfye cj yvj hjpv|j è ifccvcj r|edo|èjcf `fccj yoiefpâ# yv ive ye ehhfypj coYre|epo è @eo# inf `â vh yfhyo j pvppo ec hoyp|o orf|jpo f j pvppf cf hoyp|f deyyeohe –ehp|j f` f~p|jdofhej—( Mce J|ief|e# r|or|eo rf|inå iodr|fhòho zvfypf èggeiocpâ# ye yoho `jpe vhj |fmocj jv|fj

inf î goh`jpj yvccj J|ij `fccj Lfccf{{j# iodf Roroco è @eo; cf P|f J|inf4Ljvce è deyyeohf#iodvhepâ f gjdemcej( Yrfyyo ioh cf cfmme ye if|ij è j`jppj|f cf gjdemcef f` e co|o iodrohfhpe r|fyeyehmocj|dfhpf f hoh iodf vhepâ ioh jc wf|peif vh Rjpf| Gjdecej# je ioypvde f jccf |ewfhèij{eohe èrj|peiocj|e ehèwe`ve# m|vrre o hfifyyepâ ioddf|iejce# inf hoh è r|odvowf|f ec lfhf iodvhf `fccjgjdemcej hfc yfho `fccj yoiefpâ eh ive wewf f` orf|j( Cj gjdemcej# ehwfif# î co {oiioco ehyoypepvelecf fzvehè yoceò yvc zvjcf rommej c―ehpf|j yoiefpâ( Yvccj zvjcf rommej co ypfyyo yjif|ò{eo f c―e`fj èywecvrro f e`fhpepâ( E Yjif|òpe jiifppjho cj Inejdjpj o Woij{eohf ioh co ypfyyo Yre|epo f rf| yf|we|feh fpf|ho co Yre|epo è @eo ro|pjhò jcc―jppfh{eohf `fc dohò ehpf|o .geho jccj do|pf yf yf|wf% f jiohoyifh{j è pvppe# Mfyõ# iodf djyyedo Pfypedohf è zvfypo Yre|epo( E Yjif|òpe hoh royyoho f hå`fwoho ehzvehj|f f jhhjizvj|f cj co|o deyyeohf# hoh `fwoho `j|f yijh`jco( E Yjhpe njhho hfc ivo|ff hfccj dfhpf co Yre|epo Mevypo f Wf|o# f yf hoh goyyf rf| cf co|o orf|f f r|fmnef|f# hfe wj|e ijdre

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ljypjho roine è Yjhpe# do`fcco fyfdrcj|f è Pfypedohe è Mfyõ rf| |er|eypehj|f hfc dohò ec io|yo`fc Mevypo Yre|epo Yjhpo( Omme ye yfhpf r|or|eo cj djhijh{j è Yjhpe( Hfc Iohgfyyeohjcf òw|fddofhp|j|we ioh c―vheio wf|o f jvpfhpeio r|oroyepo è |fivrf|j|f co Yre|epo inf jllejdo ydj||epo# infwo||fddo |emvj`jmhj|f# inf wo||fddo |eifwf|f eh go|{j f `fpf|dehj{eohf# hoh |evyifhò reõ jiomcef|f ec lf|yjmceo inf î hfccj cehfj ifhp|jcf f è|eppj# yifw|j `je iohpo|he rf|egf|eie inf ehzvehjho

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wepj# inf rf| zvfypo ie ioh`vif ehfwepjlecdfhpf jc Rfiijpo( Fyyf|f jyyocpe `jc Rfiijpo òw|fllf ropf|f wocf| è|f# hfc ijyo hoh ie goyyf yrefmjpo ioh òwvpj jppfh{eohf f ijco|f inf jllejdo eh m|jh`frj|pf jhinf |eiohzveypjpo iohyjrfwocf{{j `fccj yp|j`j `j rf|io||f|f ioh ec Mevypo Yre|epo# inf î ecr|oroyepo inf ie èjdo omhe wocpj inf jllejdo |ejccjiiejpo ec |jrro|po ioh @eo f Mfyõ# |ejmmjhiejpocj Wej Ifhp|jcf inf ie ioh`vif jccj Yjcwf{{j( Ec Ijpfineydo òw|fllf jhio|j è reõ# yf royyelecf#jevpj|ie j` jwweiehj|ie j zvfypo Yre|epo f jppewj|f pvppf cf inejwe `fccf M|j{ef inf ec Yemho|f omhemeo|ho ie Wvocf iohyfmhj|f –fiio yoho jccj ro|pj f lvyyo— f hfccf oiijyeohe `fe Yji|jdfhpe( Djyfllfhf cf do`f yejho fhp|jpf jhinf eh Inefyj# yoypepvfhòye yrfyyo je lfhe hfifyyj|e# e yoiio|ye`fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo |fypjho jhio|j docpfrceie( Djhijho ioco|o inf if ce doyp|jho# inf ie ehyfmheho jiodr|fh`f|f ec Ijpfineydo# hoh j dfdo|ej# yfh{j yfhyo f yfh{j r|fypj|f cj dehedj jppfh{eohf jccofyyfh{ejcf# dj wewfhòco jpp|jwf|yo ec hoyp|o Pfdro è Iohwf|yeohf f Jdo|f( Ec Ijpfineydo# iodfzvjye pvppf cf ioyf cfmjpf jcco Yre|epo Yjhpo# yf hoh î weyyvpo ioh Ij|epâ f @fè{eohf è Pfdro# hohyoco hoh jevpj jccj iodrcfpj IOHWF\YEOHF# dj rvü jccj gehf yfdl|j|f jhinf hoeoyo f vporeypeio(@eo# `vhzvf# hoh jlljhòhj c―vodo# dj gj yã inf co Yre|epo èj ehe{eo j zvfccj Ypo|ej inf co wf`|âr|opjmoheypj jhinf hfccj yjcwf{{j `fcc―vdjhepâ( Fmce gj fdf|mf|f `jc lveo è rorocj{eohe eòcjp|einfrf|yohjmme iodf Jl|jdo# Mejiollf# Doyî inf eyre|jpe `j vhj woif ehpf|eo|f yoccfiepjpj `jccoYre|epo è yfdr|f# if|ijho ec @eo Vheio f P|eho f co yfmvoho owvhzvf Fmce ce ehè|e{{j( Fmce `jyfdr|f nj eyre|jpo mevèie# iohòppef|e# |f f yjhpe# yrfyyf wocpf pjhpeyyedj mfhpf iodvhf( Zvjhò roemce ey|jfcepe ye jccohpjhf|jhho `jc co|o @eo# co Yre|epo rj|cf|â p|jdepf e R|ogfpe .Eyjej# Mf|fdej#F{finefcf# @jhefcf# Meofcf# (((% inf hoh ydfppf|jhho è |eio|`j|f cf r|odfyyf f zvehè c―jyyeypfh{j e@eo o p|jèdfhpo `fc Yvo Roroco( Hoyp|j Yemho|j# Jwwoijpfyyj `fc Mfhf|f Vdjho# f ivypo`f `fc

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@eo# yoiej è Cve hfcc-Orf|j è Weppo|ej iohp|o ec rfiijpo f` ec èyo|efhpjdfhpo .inf ehfwepjlecdfhpfye yj|fllf `fpf|dehjpo òro cj èyi|jyej ioh ec Ro|pjpo|f Rv|o è Cvif –Cviegf|o— f` ec yvo jiiocepfyvccj Pf||j Yjpjhjfc—% hoh wfheyyf dje j` fyyf|f yinejwj `fc rfiijpo# hfrrv|f rf| vh eypjhpf( Iohc―ehpve{eohf `fc yjhpo f cj gehf{{j `fc pfocomo# Djyyedecejho Aoclf dfèpü ioh jivdf yp|jo|èhj|eoec deypf|o `fccj Iohif{eohf Eddjiocjpj è Dj|ej jccj cvif `fccj Yji|j Yi|eppv|j# `fc Djmeypf|o f

`fccj Cepv|mej `fccj Inefyj# |eijwjhòhf de|jlece cf{eohe è wepj( Fmce î jrrj|yo hfc hoyp|o pfdror|ogfpj f jroypoco è vhj hvowj –F|j Dj|ejhj— goh`jpj yvcco –Yre|epo Yjhpo—# `fypehjpj j gj| l|eccj|fè wewe`j cvif hfc dohò ehpf|o Mfyõ I|eypo f ec yvo Wjhmfco( Zvfypj deyyeohf inf fmce ro|pü jwjhpeioh j|ò|f f `fè{eohf# co icjyyegeij p|j e m|jhè yjhpe f mce Yre|epe Wfmmfhpe inf njhho ijrepo#wfhf|jpo f ijhpjpo ec deypf|o è Dj|ej f è @eo( Ec djmmeo|f |jddj|eio è Yjh Djyyedecejho gvzvfcco inf c―Eddjiocjpj hoh goyyf yvggeiefhpfdfhpf iohoyievpj f jdjpj j edepj{eohf è Mfyõ I|eypof iodf ie ehyfmhj cj P|jè{eohf `fccj Inefyj f c―fyfdreo `fe Yjhpe( Jdjhò Dj|ej# ehgjppe# hoeoho|ejdo @eo inf c―nj fcfwjpj jccj èmhepâ è Dj`|f `fc r|or|eo Gemceo gjppo Vodo f ie vhejdo jMfyõ I|eypo inf c―nj jdjpj zvjcf Dj`|f1 hoh c―jdf|fdo dje iodf Fmce c―jdü; –Mfyõ î ypjpo ecr|edo j` oho|j|cj zvjcf yvj Dj`|f f hoe òllejdo edepj|Co jhinf eh zvfypo( Ine nj Dj|ej iodfdj`|f# nj Mfyõ iodf g|jpfcco# èif vh j`jmeo( Hoh |evyie|fdo dje j` fmvjmcej|f c―jdo|f ioh ive

Mfyõ C―jdü— . Ewe(# w( EE# r( 96:%( C―jdo|f j Dj|ej# jggf|dj rj`|f Djyyedecejho# î cj wej reõyfdrceif f reõ gjiecf rf| yjhpeg eij|ie# |fjce{{jhò cj hoyp|j woij{eohf i|eypejhj( C―jdo|f è ive fmcerj|cj hoh î if|po yvrf|geiejcf yfhpedfhpjceydo# dj î edrfmho mfhf|oyo# f òhj{eohf è pvppj cjrf|yohj# iodf fmce ypfyyo ie nj èdoyp|jpo ioh cj yvj wepj è gf`fcpâ fwjhmfceij geho jccj yvj do|pff|oeij eh vh ijdro è ypf|deheo rocjiio( C―jppfh{eohf è Yjh Djyyedecejho Aoclf ye iohifhp|üehifyyjhpfdfhpf yvccj Iohif{eohf Eddjiocjpj è Dj|ej rf| ropf| iomcef|f cj |eiinf{{j df|jwemceoyj|jiinevyj hfc Hodf inf Fccj ypfyyj djhegfypü f inf ioypepveyif c―eccvyp|j{eohf è zvjhpo ie ehyfmhj ecWjhmfco ioh cf rj|ocf `fcc―J|ijhmfco Mjl|efcf; –Pe yjcvpo# o refhj è M|j{ej# ec Yemho|f î ioh pf—. Ci :# <>%( F iohifrã Fccj Ypfyyj iodf @eo ioh Yre|epo Yjhpo( Vh Jdo|f Ehgehepo# Fpf|ho# gjppo è|fier|oiepâ( \einejdjhòye jccf jrrj|e{eohe è Cov|`fy $ inf rf| cve gv|oho ypedoco f ehifhpewo rf|iodr|fh`f|f dfmceo cf gohpe `fccj \ewfcj{eohf $ oyyf|wj; –J yjhpj Lf|hj|`fppj# inf reõ wocpfc―jwfwj ehpf||omjpj# cj Wf|mehf |eyroyf; ,Eo yoho c―Eddjiocjpj Iohif{eohf,( Ioh zvfypf rj|ocf Fccjdjhegfypü inej|jdfhpf è fyyf|f hoh yocpjhpo iohifrepj yfh{j rfiijpo# dj è fyyf|f jh{e cj ypfyyj,Iohif{eohf Eddjiocjpj,( Iohif{eohf Eddjiocjpj î ec Hodf inf |ewfcj ioh r|fieyeohf ine îDj|ej; hoh jggf|dj yocpjhpo vhj zvjcepâ# dj `fcehfj fyjppjdfhpf cj Rf|yohj è Cfe; Dj|ej î Yjhpj|jèijcdfhpf hfccj popjcepâ `fccj yvj fyeypfh{j# geh `jc r|ehiereo( C―fiifcyj m|jh`f{{j yor|jhhjpv|jcfgv iohifyyj j Dj|ej eh o|èhf j Mfyõ I|eypo1 î eh cve f dfèjhpf cve inf @eo Cf rj|pfierü cj refhf{{jè yjhpepâ( Rf| zvfypo dopewo# Dj|ej hoh î yfdrceifdfhpf iodf Fwj r|edj `fc rfiijpo# dj gvj||eiinepj è vhj refhf{{j è m|j{ej ehiodrj|jlecf rf|inå Dj`|f è I|eypo( F cj Iohif{eohfEddjiocjpj gv c―ehe{eo è vhj r|oèmeoyj fyrjhyeohf yfh{j yoypf `fccj Yvj wepj yor|jhhjpv|jcf( Ecdeypf|o `fccj yjhpepâ è Dj|ej `fwf fyyf|f iohpfdrcjpo hfccj mcoljcepâ `fcc―—o|èhf èweho `fccj

yjcwf{{j— rf| fyyf|f iocpo eh doò j|doheio# rf|inå hoh jrrjej zvjcf r|ewecfmeo inf cj yfrj|j `jccjInefyj inf î ec Io|ro è I|eypo( Ec Rj`|f Djyyedecejho nj yoddj iv|j hfc |ejhho`j|f cj Iohif{eohfEddjiocjpj è Dj|ej f cj yvj gvh{eohf hfc rejho `fccj yjcwf{{j jc deypf|o `fccj P|ehepâ# f eh doò`fc pvppo yrfiejcf ioh cj rf|yohj `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo( Ioh mfhejcf r|ogohèpâ ywecvrrj e docpfrceiejyrfppe iohpfhvpe hfccj ho{eohf è –Yroyj `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo—# lfh hopj hfccj p|jè{eohf rjp|eypeij fpfocomeij f yvmmf|epj `jc Hvowo Pfypjdfhpo; –Co Yre|epo Yjhpo yifh`f|â yv è pf# yv pf ypfh`f|â cjyvj odl|j cj ropfh{j `fcc―Jcpeyyedo( Iocve inf hjyif|â yj|â Yjhpo f inejdjpo Gemceo è @eo— . Ci :#96%( Î vhj jhjcomej# yoppocehfj yjh Djyyedecejho Aoclf# inf gj ehp|jwf`f|f c―vheohf ehfggjlecf#ehpedj f gfioh`j p|j co Yre|epo Yjhpo f Dj|ej( –Co Yre|epo Yjhpo ypjlecã cj r|or|ej èdo|j eh Dj|ejgeho `jc r|edo eypjhpf `fcc―fyeypfh{j è Cfe# hf r|fyf royyfyyo jyyocvpo f cj iodrfhfp|ü pjcdfhpf infec hodf è Yroyj `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo hoh fyr|edf inf vh―odl|j cohpjhj# rjcce`j# edrf|gfppj è pjcf

vheohf—( Yi|vpjhò ioh jdde|j{eohf fypjpeij ec rejho èweho `fccj yjcwf{{j# inf nj cj yvj yo|mfhpfhfc Rj`|f ec zvjcf woccf iodvheij|f celf|jdfhpf jccf i|fjpv|f cj wepj èwehj è Mfyõ I|eypo# f inf yedjhegfypj eh Dj|ej Eddjiocjpj eh doò df|jwemceoyo# ec rj`|f Aoclf jggjyiehjpo f |jrepo fyicjdj;



–@jrrf|pvppo i―î c―jdo|f— . Ewe(# r( 752%1 c―jdo|f m|jpvepo è @eo î cj |eyroypj j pvppe mce ehpf||omjpewe1–@eo î jdo|f— jggf|dj yjh Meowjhhe .: Mw 0# >%( Pvppo ieü inf fyeypf î |egcfyyo `fcc―jdo|f celf|o è@eo# f rf|ieü omhe I|fjpv|j hf p|j`vif# eh zvjcinf doò# co Yrcfhò|f ehgehepo( Eh djhef|j

rj|peiocj|f c―jdo|f î ec ifhp|o f` ec wf|peif `fccj rf|yohj vdjhj# gjppj j` eddjmehf f yodemcejh{j è@eo( Dj|ej Eddjiocjpj# cj reõ jcpj f rf|gfppj `fccf rf|yohf vdjhf# |er|o`vif eh doò fdehfhpf

c―eddjmehf è @eo f` î zvehè |fyj ijrjif è jdj|Co ioh ehpfhyepâ ehiodrj|jlecf iodfEddjiocjpj# yfh{j `fwej{eohe o |jccfhpjdfhpe( Î c―vheij jhifccj `fc Yemho|f .ig( Ci :# 9>% inf ioh ecyvo –gejp— celf|o f rf|yohjcf |eyroh`f jcc―jdo|f è @eo iodrefhò yfdr|f zvjhpo fmce cf òdjh`j(Iodf zvfccj è omhe jcp|j i|fjpv|j# cj yvj hoh î vhj |eyroypj jvpohodj# dj î m|j{ej f òho è @eo1eh pjcf |eyroypj we î ioehwocpj pvppj cj yvj celf|pâ# cj celf|pâ è Eddjiocjpj( –Hfcc―vheohf `fcco Yre|epoYjhpo ioh Dj|ej c―jdo|f hoh iohmevhmf yocpjhpo zvfypf `vf Rf|yohf# dj ec r|edo jdo|f î pvppoc―jdo|f `fccj yjhpeyyedj P|ehepâ# dfhp|f ec yfiohò# zvfcco è Dj|ej# î pvppo c―jdo|f `fccj i|fj{eohff ioyã eh pjcf vheohf ec iefco ye vheyif jccj pf||j# pvppo c―Jdo|f ehi|fjpo ioh pvppo c―jdo|f i|fjpo ((( Îec wf|peif `fcc―jdo|f— .Mce yi|eppe è Djyyedecejho Dj|ej Aoclf%( Î# zvfypo# vh r|ehiereo inf ypj jccjljyf `fccj yvj jhp|orocomej i|eypejhj# `fccj weyeohf `fccj ypo|ej f `fccj wepj yre|epvjcf è omhe vodo(Dj|ej Eddjiocjpj î j|infpero f refhf{{j è omhe jdo|f i|fjpv|jcf1 ec yvo jdo|f cedreò f

ehpfhyeyyedo wf|yo @eo |jiinev`f hfccj yvj rf|gf{eohf zvfcco g|jmecf f ehzvehjpo `fccf jcp|f i|fjpv|f(Cj |eyroypj è Dj|ej î zvfccj `fcc―ehpf|j vdjhepâ( Ec meo|ho `fccj ijhohe{{j{eohf# Ij|oc ]okpucjhfcc-odfcej co `fgehã –yjhpo dj|pe|f# rjp|oho yrfiejcf rf| e hoyp|e èggeiece pfdre# rjp|oho `fc hoyp|oèggeiecf yfioco— f –dj|pe|f `fccj ij|epâ—(

–Ioyj wvoe pv @ohhj `j df*— èif Mfyõ |egf|fhòye jccj Dj`|f hfccf Ho{{f è Ijhj( –Hoh yje pvinf jhio|j hoh î cj dej o|j?—( Fccj# Yroyj `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo inef`fwj j Mfyõ è djhegfypj|f ecWocpo è @eo è ive co Yre|epo Yjhpo# Yvo Yroyo# î rj|pf( Cf Ho{{f è Ijhj ehèijho ec djp|edoheoè Dj|ej ioh co Yre|epo Yjhpo# f Mfyõ hf î ec Pfypedohf Wf|o# jyyefdf jc Rj`|f# inf p|jygo|djc―jizvj# cf hoyp|f yfdrceie orf|f# eh Weho Yvlcedf `fcc―Vcpedj O|j# rf| mce Vcpede Pfdre( @orojwf| iodrevpo cj Yvj deyyeohf yvccj Pf||j# òro jwf| rjpepo cj Rjyyeohf f Do|pf f òro cj Yvj\fyv||f{eohf# Mfyõ |ejrrj|f jmce Jroypoce( Ye ehp|jppefhf ioh co|o rf| o|f# dj roe fyicjdj; –cjyiejpfinf eo wj`j# jggehinî royyj èyifh`f|f .co Yre|epo Yjhpo%# ec Rj|jicepo—( Ho# hoh ie ypejdo ehwfhpjhòhvccj# wf co jyyeiv|o; ,Cj Inefyj r|ogfyyj cj yvj gf`f hfcco Yre|epo Yjhpo iodf eh iocve ¡inf îYemho|f f `â cj wepj±( Ioyã fyyj r|ogfyyj hfc Yedloco è Gf`f# `fppo heifho$ioypjhpehorocepjho `jchodf `fe `vf Iohiece $è Heifj .j( 9<6% f è Ioypjhpehoroce .j( 9>:% $# hfe zvjce gv go|dvcjpo o

r|odvcmjpo# ec I|fò Ijppoceio( Ewe ye jmmevhmf jhinf inf co Yre|epo Yjhpo ¡nj rj|cjpo rf| df{{o`fe r|ogfpe±( Yoho rj|ocf inf cj Inefyj |eifwf `jccj gohpf ypfyyj `fccj yvj Gf`f# Mfyõ I|eypo(

@egjppe# yfiohò ec Wjhmfco è Meowjhhe# co Yre|epo Yjhpo î òhjpo j hoe ioh cj hvowj wepj# iodfjhhvhiej f r|odfppf Mfyõ ec m|jh`f meo|ho `fccj gfypj `fe Pjlf|hjioce; ¡Ine nj yfpf wfhmj j df# flfwj ine i|f`f eh df( F# iodf èif cj Yi|eppv|j# gevde è jizvj wewj ymo|mnf|jhho `jc yvo

yfho±, .@odehehvd fp wewegeijhpfd#:%Rf| zvfypo# jhinf j |eio|ò è Yjh Djyyedecejho Aoclf# hfccf hoyp|f jwwf|yepâ# î mevypo inf ie wfhmjinefypj cj R|fyfh{j è Yre|epo# co Yre|epo è Yzvj`|j# co Yre|epo è Io|ro# Yre|epo è Ehp|jr|fh`fh{j#Yre|epo è Iohyocj{eohf# Yre|epo è Ij|epâ; –VP VHVD YEHP—( Yejdo EhGo|djpe jpp|jwf|yo cjDj`|f inf î hfifyyj|eo ègfh`f|ye `jmce jppjiine iohpehve `fc @fdoheo yoppo go|dj è ehmjhho( Djjhinf f yor|jppvppo yvccj ifhp|jcepâ jyyocvpj è Mfyõ hfcc―o|èhf `fccj yjcwf{{j( Hfyyvhj jrrj|e{eohfè Dj|ej rvü fyyf|f |eiohoyievpj iodf jvpfhpeij yf hoh î fwe`fh{ejpj cj ifhp|jcepâ `fc Gemceo inf î@eo f zvehè yf hoh jrrj|pefhf j` vhj inejdjpj `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo hfc iohio||f|f j coppj|f rf| cjGf`f( E Yfmhe `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo yoho cfmmelece# `j ine Ce wvocf oyyf|wj|f jccj cvif `fc Wjhmfco(Hfmce Vcpede Pfdre# zvjhò @eo |einef`f|â vhj Djpv|epâ hfccj Gf`f jc Reiioco \fypo# je :00(222 `fc

R|ogfpj @jhefcf# j zvfcce inf jw|jhho iohyf|wjpo co Yre|epo# inf yj|jhho rf|wjye yoco `j zvfypoYre|epo Jpjweio# –Yfh{j Iohp|j`è{eohf— jcivhj# eh co|o fhp|f|â eh j{eohf cj Ropfh{j `fcco Ypfyyo#rf|inå go|djpe f pfdr|jpe rf| zvfype Pfdre1 hfyyvh jcp|o rfhyef|o ce edrfmhf|â ocp|f zvfcco è



jdj|f# co`j|f f` jò|j|f @eo# è celf|j|ye `j Djddohj rf| celf|j|f# è gj|ye Ij|epâ f iodvhepâ`―jdo|f hfc yfmho `fc Wjhmfco# è Pfypedohej|f ec \fmho ioh Wf|epâ fwjhmfceij inf î co Yre|epo `fcYemho|f# zvfcco è Yfdr|f# inf î r|oyyedo j djhegfypj|ye ioyã eh Iefco iodf eh Pf||j rf| ec Mevè{eoVhewf|yjcf# yvc lo|`cehf p|j ec Yfppedo f c―Oppjwo Meo|ho( J zvfcce inf wewoho è zvfypo Yre|epo# rf| zvfypo Yre|epo# ioh zvfypo Yre|epo# yoho iohifyye @ohe# M|j{ef# We|põ j wocohpâ hoh yoco rf| df{{o

`fcco Yre|epo Ypfyyo inf Ye iohif`f eh pvppf cf Yvf Go|df# Do`jcepâ f Yoypjh{j# dj pfdr|jhòie ehYjrefh{j# Ehpfccfppo# Iohyemceo# Go|pf{{j# Yiefh{j# Refpâ# Pedo|f è @eo# dj jhinf @fmhepâ# M|jpvepâ#Djmhjhedepâ# Rfhpedfhpo( F` ehyefdf j zvfypf –òpe— j||ewjho cf iv|f `fccj R|owwe`fh{j Rjpf|hj#`fccj Iodrjyyeohf `fcc―Jdo|f è Mfyõ# cj Deyf|eio|èj Ifcfypf# cf Lfjpepvèhe rf|inå yejdo Cvif fYjcf hfc dohò( Ine wewf hfcco Yre|epo f è Yre|epo f ioh co Yre|epo ye |eiohoyif rf| cf Orf|f# rf| ecdoò è ypj|f p|j mce jcp|e f è wewf|f rf| mce jcp|e( Dj jhinf rf| ec co|o Ivo|f Ijcò# J|`fhpf#Gf|wfhpf( @je G|vppe ce |eiohoyif|f( Cj Gf`f –Orf|j— jpp|jwf|yo co Yre|epo inf î eh co|o(

Ine iodref Orf|f è Deyf|eio|èj Yre|epvjcf f Io|ro|jcf1 dj jhinf ine ogg|f oyrepjcepâ iohwewejcf fjdeijcf1 ine ioyp|veyif lfe lo|mne# lfe weccjmme# lfccf ieppâ# lfccf ijyf# lfccf inefyf# lfccf rej{{f f lfecvomne rf| c―ehiohp|o# lfccf ijppf`|jce iodf lfmce oregeie# lfccf yp|j`f iodf lfccf ehg|jyp|vppv|f vpece f

fggeijie1 ine nj iv|j `fc rjfyjmmeo |v|jcf# hjpv|jcf f jhp|orodo|go f iocpewj e ijdre yfh{j yg|vppj|f#dj ioh cj rj|pfierj{eohf è pvppe f` eh djhef|j yoypfhelecf wewfhò j iohpjppo ioh cj hjpv|j yfh{jyr|fine f pvppo |eieicjhò1 ine r|o`vif eh r|or|eo# ine hoh yow|jiij|eij e r|f{{e f rjmj ec òwvpo1 ineye ygo|{j è |fèyp|elve|f# iv|j|f f iohyf|wj|f ioh rf|e{ej# fzvepâ f mevype{ej e lfhe iodvhe# f iohzvfype r|odvowfhò jdo|f f deyf|eio|èj hfc hodf `fc Yemho|f# I|fjpo|f è pvppf cf ioyf weyelece fèhweyelece1 ine fyf|iepj ioh rjyyeohf# j|èdfhpo f ioyiefh{j cj r|jpeij `fc lvoh mowf|ho f r|odvowfc―e`fhpepâ# cf r|ogfyyeohe# cf yrfiegeiepâ# cf r|o`v{eohe coijce1 ine gâ f `â jmce jcp|e zvjcyejye ioyj iodfco gjifyyf rf| yå1 ine ye `fèij jcc―j|pf f de|j jccj |eif|ij iohpehvj è fyr|fyyeohe è iodvheij{eohfyjhj f è meoej hfccj Wf|epâ1 ine f`vij f go|dj jccj lfccf{{j1 ine ègfh`f e mevype f pvpfcj `jmce jlvye e`floce1 ine ye gj djfyp|o è mevype{ej# jrrceij cf cfmme yfiohò mevè{eo fllfhf ioypve î Mevypo ehYre|epo( F yf co gj jdjhò f pfypedohejhò @eo# yf co gj ioh Yre|epo è Ij|epâ# yf co gj m|jpvepjdfhpf#yf co gj jevpjhò mce jcp|e j iohwf|pe|ye jhinf rf| df{{o `fccj yvj pfypedohejh{j eh Mfyõ \f`fhpo|f fYjcwjpo|f# ioypve î Yjhpo# hfcco Yre|epo( Ine î hfcco Yre|epo nj ec yji|oyjhpo òwf|f è è|f cj Wf|epâ f\e$Fwjhmfce{{j|f cj Ivcpv|j# è \e$Do`fccj|cj yfiohò cf reiiocf f m|jhè Wf|epâ( Co Yre|epo Yjhpo îijco|f f gvoio inf èwjdrj `j I|eypo; `â Cvif f Wemo|f jc hoyp|o Jme|f# @eyif|hedfhpo jccj hoyp|jJhedj( Omme î jhio|j reõ yfdrceif iodr|fh`f|f ine î hfcco Yre|epo f ioh Mfyõ# rf|inå ec èwj|eo p|jine î hfc Mevypo f ine î hfc Djcf î ioyã hfppo inf jhinf co Ypvro|f rvü fyyf|f cfppo eh Yre|epo Yjhpo(

Dj wfèjdo o|j iodf Mfyõ ie ehyfmhj j ehij|èhj|ie# jccehfj|ie# j|dohe{{j|ie ioh co Yre|epo Yjhpo(\eio|èjdo inf Fmce Ypfyyo# òro ec @eyio|yo yvccj Dohpjmhj# ec meo|ho ypfyyo eh ive inejdü j Yå#

rf| hodf mce Jroypoce# jgg|ohpü è rfppo ec Meowjhf \eiio; –wfhè pvppo ieü inf nje f òhjco je

rowf|e—* Cj r|oroypj f|j pvpp―jcp|o inf r|owoijpo|ej; –hoh ye royyoho yf|we|fIOHPFDRO\JHFJDFHPF `vf rj`|ohe# @eo f Djddohj—( Mfyõ Inejdj Djddohj pvppo ieüinf èrfh`f `j jcp|e inf hoh yej Cve Ypfyyo( Djddj# djddfccj# ‧ ieü inf `â hvp|edfhpo( F― cjhoyp|j hjpv|j è jhedjcf f è djddegf|o( Dj Mfyõ ie wvocf wocohpj|ejdfhpf reõ jwjhpe# reõ iohyie#reõ jcp|veype# reõ jò|he f r|frj|jpe j |eifwf|f co Yre|epo Yjhpo# rf| iodljppf|f ioh Cve cj ljppjmcejiohp|o ec `fdohf# iohp|o mce Jhmfce \elfcce( Eh zvfypo î cjre`j|f# hoh cjyiej yrj{eo hå j` fzvewoie fhå j` eh`vme; –Ine hoh î ioh df# î iohp|o è df1 f ine hoh |jiiomcef ioh df# èyrf|`f—( Zvfypoeh fyyfh{j ec yemhegeijpo `fccj COPPJ J GEJHIO @E MFYV― f IOH YRE\EPO YJHPO( –Zvjhòco yre|epo eddohò fyif `jcc―vodo# ye jmme|j rf| cvomne j|eè eh if|ij è |eroyo f# hoh p|owjhòhf#èif; |epo|hf|ü hfccj dej ijyj `j ive yoho vyiepo( Wfhvpo# cj p|owj yrj{{jpj f jò|hj( Jcco|j wj#r|fh`f ioh yå jcp|e yfppf yre|epe rfmmeo|e è cve f` fyye fhp|jho f we jccommejho f cj iohè{eohf gehjcf

è zvfcc―vodo èwfhpj rfmmeo|f `fccj r|edj—( Zvfype òèie inf yifcyf yvccj Dohpjmhj# Mfyû ce ehweüòro jwf|ce ioyã eyp|vepe; –‧ Fhp|jhò hfccj ijyj# |ewocmfpfcf ec yjcvpo( Yf zvfccj ijyj hf yj|â `fmhj#cj woyp|j rjif yifh`j yor|j è fyyj1 dj yf hoh hf yj|â `fmhj# cj woyp|j rjif |epo|he j woe( Yf

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zvjcivho roe hoh we jiiomcef|â f hoh `j|â jyiocpo jccf woyp|f rj|ocf# vyiepf `j zvfccj ijyj o `jzvfccj ieppâ f yivopfpf cj rocwf|f `je woyp|e refè—( .Dp :2# 6# :<$:0%

Dj jhinf# f jhio|j reõ ehieyewo# Mfyõ ie ehyfmhj; –Jh`jpf; fiio eo we djhò iodf jmhfcce eh df{{oje cvre1 hoh ro|pjpf lo|yj# hå leyjiiej# hå yjh`jce f hoh yjcvpjpf hfyyvho cvhmo cj yp|j`j( Eh

zvjcvhzvf ijyj fhp|ejpf# r|edj èpf; rjif j zvfypj ijyj( Yf we yj|â vh gemceo `fccj rjif# cj woyp|j rjifyifh`f|â yv è cve# jcp|edfhpe |epo|hf|â yv è woe( ‧Dj zvjhò fhp|f|fpf eh vhj ieppâ f hoh wejiiomcef|jhho# vyiepf yvccf rej{{f f èpf; Jhinf cj rocwf|f `fccj woyp|j ieppâ inf ye î jppjiijpj jehoyp|e refè# hoe cj yivopejdo iohp|o è woe# ‧.Ci :2# 9$7# :2$::%

@vhzvf Mfyõ ie rohf è g|ohpf j` vhj |fjcpâ i|v`j( Co Yre|epo Yjhpo hoh î vho yre|epo jiiodo`jhpf(F― vho Yre|epo iodljppfhpf( @eo î eh mvf||j ioh mce Jhmfce \elfcce inf mce ypjhho ehyeèjhò cf jhedf`je Pfdre è J`jdo f` Fwj( Fiio iodf jddoheyif ec Yjcwjpo|f( –Hoh i|fèjpf inf eo yej wfhvpo jro|pj|f cj rjif yvccj pf||j1 hoh yoho wfhvpo j ro|pj|f cj rjif# dj vhj yrj`j( Yoho wfhvpo ehgjppe jyfrj|j|f ec gemceo `jc rj`|f# cj gemcej `jccj dj`|f# cj hvo|j `jccj yvoif|j( E hfdeie `fcc―vodo yj|jhhozvfcce `fccj yvj ijyj( Ine jdj ec rj`|f o cj dj`|f reû è df# hoh î `fmho è df1 ine jdj ec gemceo o cj

gemcej reû è df# hoh î `fmho è df—( .Dp :2# 90$9=%( @vhzvf# ylj|j{{jpfwe è Djddohjiodehiejhò `jccf woyp|f ijyf# `jccj dfhpjcepâ jiiodo`jhpf f |ehvhiejpj|ej# `jcc―jppfmmejdfhpo èdjddohe edrfhepfhpe# hoh `fmho è ehòyyj|f vh –jlepo hvowo— f è orf|j|f ioh co Yre|epo Yjhpo(

Vh Mfyõ ioyã# go|yf hoh co jwfwjpf dje yfhpepo( Cvij hoh gj yiohpe j hfyyvho; – Rfhyjpf inf yejwfhvpo j ro|pj|f cj rjif yvccj pf||j? Ho# we èio# dj cj èweyeohf( @―o|j ehhjh{e eh vhj ijyj èiehzvf rf|yohf ye èwe`f|jhho p|f iohp|o `vf f `vf iohp|o p|f; rj`|f iohp|o gemceo f gemceo iohp|orj`|f# dj`|f iohp|o gemcej f gemcej iohp|o dj`|f# yvoif|j iohp|o hvo|j f hvo|j iohp|o yvoif|j —( .Ci:<# 6:$69%( Roe# Mfyõ èyyf; –Zvjhò we no djh`jpo yfh{j lo|yj# hå leyjiiej# hå yjh`jce# we î go|yfdjhijpj zvjcioyj?— \eyroyf|o; –Hvccj—( F` fmce yommevhyf; –Dj o|j# ine nj vhj lo|yj cj r|fh`j# fioyä vhj leyjiiej# ine hoh nj yrj`j# wfh`j ec djhpfcco f hf iodr|e vhj( Rf|inå we èio; `fwfiodref|ye eh Df zvfypj rj|ocj `fccj Yi|eppv|j; f gv jhhowf|jpo p|j e djcgjppo|e( Ehgjppe pvppo zvfccoinf De |emvj|`j wocyf jc yvo pf|dehf—( F` fyye èyyf|o; –Yemho|f# fiio zve `vf yrj`f—( Dj fmce|eyroyf; –Ljypjho—( .Ci <<# 97$9>%( Jcco|j zvfcce inf f|jho ioh cve# wf`fhò ieü inf ypjwj rf|jiij`f|f# èyyf|o; –Yemho|f# òllejdo iocre|f ioh cj yrj`j?—( F vho è co|o iocr ã ec yf|wo `fcyoddo yjif|òpf f mce ypjiiü c―o|fiineo `fyp|o( Dj Mfyû ehpf|wfhhf èifhò; –Cjyiejpf# ljypj ioyä—(F poiijhòmce c―o|fiineo co mvj|ä( .Ci <<# 05$6:%

Dj co Yre|epo inf Mfyõ ie cjyiej hoh î zvfcco è vyj|f cj yrj`j rf| viie`f|f# dj rf| èwe`f|f ceYre|epo Yjhpo `j zvfcco Eddohò( –We cjyieo cj rjif# we ò cj dej rjif( Hoh iodf cj `â ec dohò#Eo cj ò j woe( Hoh yej pv|ljpo ec woyp|o ivo|f f hoh jllej pedo|f—( .Mw :0# <=%( Mevypegeijpe zvehè

rf| cj gf`f# hoe yejdo eh rjif ioh @eo rf| df{{o `fc Yemho|f hoyp|o Mfyû I|eypo( .\d# 6# :%(Dj zvfcco inf zve yor|j î `fppo# yfdl|j è vhj inej|f{{j i|eypjccehj( J |owehj|f pvppo î Djddohj#yoho cf hoyp|f iodoèpâ# e hoyp|e r|omfppe rf|yohjce# cj r|jyye yoiejcf# e yomhe `fe hoyp|e mfhepo|e rf|hoe# zvfcco inf |eifwejdo f i|fèjdo yej `j mfype|f ioh dfpeiocoyepâ f mfcoyj rj|yedohej( \jiiohpjCvij .5;65$7<% –F j` vh jcp|o èyyf; Yfmvede* F` fmce |eyroyf; rf|dfppede r|edj `-jh`j|f j yfrrfcce| deo rj`|f( Dj Mfyõ mce èyyf; cjyiej e do|pe yfrrfcce|f e co|o do|pe1 dj pv wâ j` jhhvhiej|f ec \fmhoè @eo( F vh jcp|o jhio|j mce èyyf; pe yfmvepf|ü# Yemho|f# dj rf|dfppede r|edj `-jiiodejpj|de `jzvfcce è ijyj dej( F Mfyõ mce èyyf; hfyyvho inf jllej dfyyo cj djho jcc-j|jp|o f roe |emvj|èehèfp|o# î j`jppo jc \fmho è @eo—( Hfyyvho inf jllej |eifwvpo co Yre|epo Yjhpo# ypej cã j |edvmehj|f(

Rjoco |ehij|j cj òyf; –Rf|ieü |eio|`jpfwe inf vh pfdro woe# rjmjhe rf| hjyiepj‧ f|jwjpf yfh{jI|eypo‧ yfh{j yrf|jh{f f yfh{j @eo eh zvfypo dohò( O|j ehwfif# eh I|eypo Mfyû# woe inf vh pfdrof|jwjpf e cohpjhe yefpf èwfhpjpe e weiehe m|j{ef jc yjhmvf è I|eypo( Fmce î ehgjppe cj hoyp|j rjif# iocve



inf nj gjppo `fe `vf roroce vh roroco yoco‧ gjifhò cj rjif#‧ rf| df{{o `fccj i|oif( Fmce îwfhvpo rf|ieü j` jhhvh{ej|f rjif j woe inf f|jwjpf cohpjhe f rjif j ioco|o inf f|jho weiehe( Rf|df{{o è Cve royyejdo r|fyfhpj|ie# mce vhe mce jcp|e# jc Rj`|f eh vh yoco Yre|epo( .Fg <# ::$:>%

Zvjcf î omme cj yepvj{eohf hfc Dohò? Zvjcf î co Yre|epo inf jcfmmej hfcc―j|ej? Royyejdo è|f inf e

i|eypejhe ioye``fppe djpv|e ypejho dfppfhò eh r|jpeij ieü inf Mfyõ ie nj ehyfmhjpo? I|f`fpf `jwwf|oinf cj I|fyedj jhio|j yej ec Yji|jdfhpo inf ie |fh`f Yoc`jpe ` I|eypo eh Yre|epo Yjhpo? Cjyepvj{eohf eh Epjcej iodf hfmce jcp|e Rjfye# hohoypjhpf cf |ewocv{eohe# e Mowf|he djyyoheie `j yfdr|fjwwf|ye jc i|eypejhfyedo f jcco Yre|epo `fmce Jroypoce# ypj `fmfhf|jhò# dj jhio|j hfyyvho rj|cj èiodf zvfypo Yre|epo `fllj fyyf|f j|djpo# rf|inî yejdo hfccj Inefyj è Cjoèifj# jhio|j p|orro,|eiine,; òllejdo jhio|j gehe|f è yviinej|f e |eyrj|de `fccf mfhf|j{eohe rjyyjpf# womcejdo jhio|jwewf|f yfiohò e r|fifppe è Djddohj( Roe yjr|fdo edr|owweyjdfhpf ioyj gj|f?

Jgg|ohpf|fdo zve jhinf cj Pfo|ej Mfhf|jcf `fe Yeypfde rf| ijre|f dfmceo iodf co Yre|epo ye mfhf|e#eh zvjhpf f zvjce go|df f iodf hoh ye doègeine hfccj Yoypjh{j hohoypjhpf ec |jrro|po `fcc―vodoioh cj ivcpv|j# cj |fcemeohf# c―jdlefhpf eh ive wewf# cj ypo|ej# cj hjpv|j# cj yiefh{j# e yvoe yedece#

c―fiohodej yej iodrcfyyo# j|peiocjpo f eh iohpehvo ywecvrro f pjcwocpj eh iohp|jypo ioh ec @eyfmho è@eo( Co Yre|epo e iohpehvo Go|dj iodvhepâ i|eypejhf fèpf jccj Wemhj rf| |fh`f|cj Lfccj f @fmhj(

Mce fcfppe njhho cj dfhpf jrf|pj `jcco Yre|epo Yjhpo wf|yo e deypf|e hfc dohò è @eo# rf| vhjiohoyifh{j `fc Rejho è @eo rf| c―Vdjhepâ( Zvfypo rejho î yoppocehfjpo hfccf Gfypf è @eo# fyocpjhpo jpp|jwf|yo c―ollfèfh{j jccf Cfmme è @eo f c―oyyf|wjh{j `fccf Yvf Gfypf .Cw( <9% ye rvüiodr|fh`f|f ec rejho( J`f|e|f jccf ioye``fppf gfypf doh`jhf# j dj jhinf j zvfccf i|eypejhf yfh{jiohoyif|hf ec yemhegeijpo î eòcjp|ej# roeinî hoh ye iodr|fh`f co Yre|epo( Zvfypj î èyollfèfh{j j@eo f` jccj Yvj Cfmmf f ro|pj hfc rfiijpo `fcc―eòcjp|ej# inf |jrr|fyfhpj co ypjpo `fccj –do|pf—(

@eo# hfc io|yo `fe yfioce# inejdj e yvoe fcfppe eh r|om|fyyeohf# f iodf |eyvcpjpo yifmcef e –wewe— `je–do|pe—( Ypejdo rj|cjhò è –wepj— f –do|pf— yre|epvjcf( E Gj|eyfe `fe meo|he è I|eypo f|jho –do|pe—#roeinå jwfwjho dfyyo `j rj|pf e Iodjh`jdfhpe è @eo f ypjwjho oyyf|wjhò yoco cf p|jè{eohe`fcc―vodo .f` ehyfmhjhò zvfypf p|jè{eohe f òpp|ehf%# ehzvehjhò cj cfmmf `jpj j Doyî yvc DohpfYehje# iodr|fyo ec deypeieydo f` jcp|e iohifppe doh`jhe(

Mfyõ# ioh cf jddohe{eohe eh Cvij# ye ypjwj |egf|fhò jccj –do|pf— yre|epvjcf `fc dohò( Cjinejdjpj `fcc―fcfppo jr|f cf co|o dfhpe jccj Wf|epâ yre|epvjcf jpp|jwf|yo co Yre|epo Yjhpo f zvfccjWf|epâ `fwf dopewj|f vhj |eyroypj f` vhj |fyrohyjlecepâ hfccj rf|yohj# hfc yfmve|f f` jme|f eh ljyf jzvfccj Wf|epâ( Zvfypo hoh yemhegeij jggf|dj|f inf ioco|o inf yoho inejdjpe yj|jhho jdjpe `j pvppeioco|o inf ce ie|ioh`jho( Jh{e( @jhefcf gv `jpo eh ielo je cfohe# roeinå fmce yifcyf è ollfè|f j @eo(

E yvoe p|f jdeie gv|oho mfppjpe hfccj go|hjif j|`fhpf( @eo# pvppjwej# yifcyf è jiifppj|f zvfype vodehe rf| c―ollfèfh{j f cj rjv|j inf jwfwjho wf|yo è Cve# jc è cj è zvfcco inf c―vodo mce ropfyyf gj|f1ioyã gv|oho yjcwjpe( @jwe`f# zvjhò f|j vh meowjhf rjypo|f# coppü iohp|o jhedjce yfcwjmme rf|r|opfmmf|f cf rfio|f è yvo rj`|f( Fmce f|j r|ohpo j do|e|f rf| fyyf( Mfyõ gv viieyo rf| ègfh`f|fzvfccf inf ec Rj`|f mce jwfwj `jpo( Mce fcfppe è @eo yoho ypjpe viieye yeh `jc pfdro `fc mevypo Jlfcf fzvfypo iohpehvü jpp|jwf|yo cj Ypo|ej f iohpehvf|â j fyyf|f ec `fypeho è docpe inejdjpe# geho jc |epo|hoè Mfyõ I|eypo hfccj Rj|vyãj( Jiifppjhò cj inejdjpj rf| fyyf|f wewegeijpe# mce fcfppe rj|pfierjho jccjR|edj \fyv||f{eohf f jc \epo|ho è Mfyõ hfc Mevè{eo Gehjcf( @eo î ec @eo `fe wewe f hoh `fe do|pe(

Ec dohò î iohye`f|jpo do|po( Hoe# yfiohò zvfcco Yre|epo `fe Wewe òllejdo jiifppj|f cj inejdjpjinf Mfyõ ie ogg|f# dfppf|f cf djhe hfc pf||fho iocpewjpo# hoh mvj|`jpf ehèfp|o# cjyiej|f inf e do|pe

yfrrfcceyijho e co|o do|pe# rf| fyyf|f rj|pf `fc m|vrro `fe –wewe—# inf djhmejho f lfwoho ioh I|eypojc yvo \epo|ho( O|j yfmvepf Mfyõ# jc Yvo \epo|ho( YfmvepfCo o|j# f pf# jyyeiv|jpe cj pvj inejdjpj(



R|fhèjdo o|j c―fyr|fyyeohf fpf|omfhfye `fe gehe# iohejpj `jc gecoyogo f ryeiocomo fdre|eio ]ecnfcd]vh`p( Ioh fyyj ye gj |egf|edfhpo j vh ijdro è gfhodfhe e ive iohpo|he f ij|jppf|e p|owjho reõinej|j `fyi|e{eohf hfcc-fyr|fyyeohf ¡iohyfmvfh{f hoh ehpfh{eohjce è j{eohe ehpfh{eohjce±( @vhzvf|fypj lfh ehpfyo inf hfyyvho zve dfppf|â dje eh `vlleo ec –celf|o j|lep|eo— f hfddfho ioyp|ehmf|â j`vh jppo è yoppodeyyeohf f è ollfèfh{j j ropf|e r|fioypepvepe .hfddfho hfe iohg|ohpe `fccj Inefyj#

inf g|j c―jcp|o nj |eifwvpo `j Mfyõ ypfyyo c―eypepvpo `fccj Iohgfyyeohf f `fc Rfhpedfhpo rf| ine–yljmcej— o hoh iomcef o ye jccohpjhj m|jwfdfhpf `jc –lf|yjmceo—%( @vhzvf |egcfppejdo yvccj celf|pâ èjme|f# r|ehierjcdfhpf# hfc pfhpjpewo è |eif|ij|f cj demceo|f go|dj è Fyr|fyyeohf `fc Wewf|f#ehpfm|jhòco ioh ec hoyp|o |egf|edfhpo inejwf inf î; yfiohò co Yre|epo Yjhpo( O dfmceo# jdjhò@eo( Iodvhzvf @eo# ehè|fppjdfhpf ie ehèij iohpehvjdfhpf cj Wej# rf|inî ec Yvo Yre|epo î hfccfioyf inf Cve nj i|fjpo# inf yoho g|j è hoe f hfccj Ypo|ej# ioyã iodf hfc Pfdro( @eggeiecf inf hfccedepf fyp|fdo `fccf hoyp|f yifcpf f `fc hoyp|o celf|o j|lep|eo# ye royyj vyie|f ioyã pjhpo `jc yfdehjpo(Jh{e co Yre|epo î cfmjpo j geco òrreo ioh cj Ypo|ej f` ec Pfdro( Cj Ypo|ej î rf|wjyj `fc Yvo Yre|epo#yjcwo oiivcpj|Co# èyp|vmmf|Co hfccj Yvj Lfccf{{j# hjpv|jcf f jhp|orodo|gj# iodf ye î gjppoyor|jppvppo ioh cf vcpedf mvf||f( Yjcwo roe geyyj|f c―jppfh{eohf yv jcp|o( Ehocp|f hoh fyeypf|fllfPfdro yf hoh ie goyyf vho Yre|epo Fpf|ho inf pvppo |eyocwf# pvppo iohwf|mf# pvppo jcedfhpj# pvppo jdj#

pvppo j|dohe{{j# pvppo iohyocj# pvppo |e$r|o`vif# pvppo `f$pf|dehj# pvppo `f$geheyif# pvppo ioh$wehif#pvppo yehpfpe{{j eh Vh yoco Yre|epo f @ewehepâ( C―vodo zvehè yvlo|èhjpo j Cfmme Yow|jhhjpv|jce fPfdro|jce .wfè cj do|pf f` e Howeyyede iodf fyp|fde rj|jèmde% hoh nj wef è yijdro( Yoco ec@fdohf rvü jiifij|co f pfhf|co cohpjho `jc lf|yjmceo# gjifhò ij`f|f cj hoppf p|j c―oggfyo f coYre|epo Yjhpo( C―vodo è rf| yå î jyyommfppjpo f refmjpo jc P|jyifh`fhpf( Ljypj vhj ij`vpj# vhòco|f# cj rf|èpj è vhj rf|yohj ij|j inf fiioco è hvowo jccj |eif|ij è @eo# ec |eioccfmjdfhpo jMfyõ# c―ehij|èhjdfhpo jcco Yre|epo Yjhpo( Djhijho lvohe rjypo|e# zvfypo yã# inf ye gjiiejho `jp|jdepf# inf ie ehyfmheho cj Mevypj Ljppjmcej eh Yre|epo; YJCWJ\F CF JH EDF# ZVJHPF REV―ROYYELECF# `jcc―Jlodeheo `fccj @fyocj{eohf# inf omme î jhinf eh Cvomo Yjhpo( F zvjhò hfr|fh`f iohyjrfwocf{{j è zvfypo e||ehvhiejlecf Yre|epo# è zvfypj ehyoypepvelecf f e||ehvhiejlecfLjppjmcej# omhvho rf|ifreyif ioyj `fwf gj|f# yâ inf rvü omhe ioyj hfccj Yvj ehgehpj Deyf|eio|èj(Rf|inå @eo# p|jdepf Mfyõ# ie nj èdoyp|jpo hfe gjppe zvjhpo jdj cf Yvf i|fjpv|f(Pjcf vcpedj fyr|fyyeohf dfppf eh fwe`fh{j inf fyyj hoh ye |egf|eyif j yfdrceie jiijèdfhpe hjpv|jcedj |emvj|`j reõ yrfiegeijdfhpf ec ijdro `fcc-j{eohf vdjhj o|efhpjpj jccj Ij|epâ# pjhpo ehèwe`vjcfzvjhpo# reõ yrfyyo# ioccfppewj .ye rfhye j zvjhpo rop|fllf ehie`f|f cj r|frj|j{eohf `fccj Rj|vyãj eh vhr|omfppo vdjho# gjdemcej|f# ioccfppewo# fiicfyejypeio f |fcemeoyo%(F― r|or|eo yv zvfypj ljyf iohifppvjcf inf pfhpf|ü è j{eohj|f vhj dfhpjcepâ hvowj# inf ehwfif `fccfyocepf ijpfmo|ef vdjhf .cjwo|o# ielo# yviifyyo# yocè# yjcvpf# ropf|f# lfhfyyf|f% dfppf jc ifhp|o `fccoypvèo co Yre|epo è @eo inf# roeinå ie ioehwocmf è|fppjdfhpf# î jhinf Yjhpo( Yoco co Yre|epo Yjhpo fMevypo ie eccvdehj `fcc―ehpfccemfh{j è @eo inf î I|fjpo|f è pvppf cf ioyf weyelece f` ehweyelece # f info|j nj iodf djyyedo olefppewo yjcwj|f pvppf cf jhedf(

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Yiorf|pj \vyyj yvc @HJ; rj|ocf f g|fzvfh{f ehgcvfh{jho f |er|om|jddjho ec @HJJvpo|f Cjv|j Ijccfmj|o : mfhhjeo <2:<

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dfèiehj iodrcfpjdfhpf hvowj hfccj zvjcf ec @HJ rvü fyyf|f ehgcvfh{jpo f |er|om|jddjpo `jccfrj|ocf f `jccf g|fzvfh{j YFH[J yf{eohj|f f |edrej{{j|f mfhe ehèwe`vjce(

Yoco ec :2& `fc hoyp|o @HJ wefhf vpece{{jpo rf| ioyp|ve|f cf r|opfehf( Zvfypo yvliodrcfyyo è@HJ î zvfcco inf ehpf|fyyj e |eif|ijpo|e oiie`fhpjce inf co ypjhho fyjdehjhò f ijpjcomjhò( C―jcp|o52& î iohye`f|jpo –@HJ |oppjdf—( Pvppjwej# e |eif|ijpo|e |vyye# iohwehpe inf cj hjpv|j hoh î ypvre`j#njhho |evhepo cehmveype f mfhfpeype rf| ehp|jr|fh`f|f vh―fyrco|j{eohf è zvfc 52& è –@HJ |oppjdf—(E co|o |eyvcpjpe# yiorf|pf f iohicvyeohe yoho yfdrceifdfhpf |ewocv{eohj|ef* Yfiohò co|o# ec hoyp|o@HJ hoh yoco î ec |fyrohyjlecf `fccj ioyp|v{eohf `fc hoyp|o io|ro# dj yf|wf jhinf `j djmj{{eho èehgo|dj{eohe f rf| cj iodvheij{eohf(

E cehmveype |vyye njhho yiorf|po inf ec ioèif mfhfpeio# yrfiejcdfhpf hfcc―jrrj|fhpfdfhpf ehvpecf52&# yfmvf cf ypfyyf |fmocf è pvppf cf hoyp|f cehmvf vdjhf( Rf| zvfypo dopewo# njhho iohg|ohpjpo cf|fmocf `fccj yehpjyye .ec doò eh ive ye dfppoho ehyefdf cf rj|ocf rf| go|dj|f g|jye f r|oroye{eohe%# cjyfdjhpeij .co ypvèo `fc yemhegeijpo `fccf rj|ocf% f cf |fmocf m|jddjpeijce è ljyf(Njhho yiorf|po inf mce jcijcehe `fc hoyp|o @HJ yfmvoho vhj m|jddjpeij |fmocj|f f njhho |fmocfgeyyf iodf jwwefhf hfccf hoyp|f cehmvf( Ioyã cf cehmvf vdjhf hoh yoho jrrj|yf rf| ioehie`fh{j# djyoho vh |egcfyyo fc hoyp|o @HJ ehf|fhpf(



Jhinf ec leogeyeio f leocomo docfiocj|f |vyyo Rkop| Mj|kjkfw f e yvoe ioccfmne njhho fyrco|jpo eciodro|pjdfhpo wel|jpo|eo `fc @HJ( .Rf| fyyf|f l|fwf# zve gj|ü yoco vh |ejyyvhpo( Rf| djmmeo|eehgo|dj{eohe# rf| gjwo|f# jh`jpf jcc―jrrfhèif gehjcf è zvfypo j|peioco%(

Cj cehfj gehjcf î ypjpj; –E i|odoyode wewe gvh{eohjho iodf iodrvpf| –yocepoheie/ocom|jgeie— vyjhòcj |jèj{eohf cjyf| `fc @HJ fhòmfho—( Zvfypo yemhegeij inf njhho gjppo eh doò è do`vcj|f if|pedo`fcce è g|fzvfh{j ioh vh |jmmeo cjyf| f ioh zvfypo njhho ehgcvfh{jpo cj g|fzvfh{j `fc @HJ f# ehzvfypo doò# c―ehgo|dj{eohf mfhfpeij ypfyyj( Yeiiodf cj yp|vppv|j ljyf `fccf iorref jcijcehf `fc@HJ f `fc cehmvjmmeo .iodf ye î meâ yrefmjpo% yoho cj ypfyyj yp|vppv|j# hoh ye |fh`f hfifyyj|ejhfyyvhj `fioègeij{eohf `fc @HJ( Vho yfdrceifdfhpf rvü vyj|f rj|ocf f o|j{eohe `fc cehmvjmmeo

vdjho* Zvfypo î ypjpo jhinf r|owjpo yrf|edfhpjcdfhpf(

Cj yoypjh{j `fc @HJ wewfhpf .eh pfyyvpo wewo# hoh eh wep|o%# |fjme|â yfdr|f je |jmme cjyf| `fccehmvjmmeo do`vcjpo f jhinf jccf oh`f |jèo# yf ye vpece{{jho cf g|fzvfh{f jrr|or|ejpf( Ehgehf zvfypoyrefmj yiefhpegeijdfhpf rf|inî cf jggf|dj{eohe# c―f`vij{eohf jvpomfhj# c―erhoye f ioyf yedece

royyoho jwf|f go|pe fggfppe yvmce vdjhe f e co|o io|re( F― `fc pvppo ho|djcf f hjpv|jcf inf ec hoyp|o@HJ |fjmeyij jc cehmvjmmeo( Dfhp|f e |eif|ijpo|e oiie`fhpjce |epjmcejho mfhe ehèwe`vjce `fe gecjdfhpe`fc @HJ f ce ehyf|eyioho eh vh jcp|o roypo# e |vyye njhho cjwo|jpo ioh fhpvyejydo ioh èyroyepewe infroyyoho ehgcvfh{j|f ec dfpjloceydo ifccvcj|f ioh cf g|fzvfh{f do`vcjpf è |jèo f è cvif rf||erj|j|f ègfppe mfhfpeie(

Rf| fyfdreo ec m|vrro è |eif|ijpo|e è Mj|kjkfwj nj jwvpo yviifyyo hfc r|owj|f inf ioh zvfypodfpoò ye royyoho |erj|j|f e i|odoyode `jhhfmmejpe `je |jmme ^( Yoho jhinf |evyiepe j ijppv|j|fdo`fcce è ehgo|dj{eohf è vh @HJ yrfiegeio f co njhho p|jydfyyo j` vh jcp|o# |er|om|jddjhòioyã cf ifccvcf yv vh jcp|o mfhodj( Eh zvfc doò# njhho p|jygo|djpo ioh yviifyyo# rf| fyfdreo#fdl|eohe è |jhj eh fdl|eohe è yjcjdjh`|j# yfdrceifdfhpf p|jydfppfhò e do`fcce è ehgo|dj{eohf`fc @HJ*

Eh zvfc doò# c―ehgo|dj{eohf iodrcfpj î ypjpj p|jydfyyj yfh{j hfyyvhj `fccf èyj|dohef o fggfppeioccjpf|jce inf ye djhegfypjho zvjhò ye gj c―jlcj{eohf f ye |fehp|o`vioho mfhe ehèwe`vjce `fc @HJ*Zvfypo |jrr|fyfhpj vhj |ewocv{eohf f yfhyj{eohf ehi|fèlece# inf p|jygo|df|â ec dohò* Pvppo ieüjrrceijhò yfdrceifdfhpf cj wel|j{eohf f ec cehmvjmmeo jc roypo `fcc―j|ijeio r|oifyyo `―jlcj{eohf*Zvfypo fyrf|edfhpo rvhpj jcc―eddfhyo ropf|f `fccj mfhfpeij `fccf oh`f# inf owwejdfhpf nj reõehgcvfh{j# yvccj go|dj{eohf `fmce o|mjheyde# inf e r|oifyye leoinedeie `fccf yfzvfh{f jcijcehf(



E djfyp|e fyopf|eie f yre|epvjce yjhho `j deccfhhe inf ec hoyp|o io|ro ye rvü r|om|jddj|f ioh eccehmvjmmeo# cf rj|ocf f ec rfhyef|o( O|j zvfypo î ypjpo r|owjpo f yrefmjpo yiefhpegeijdfhpf(If|pjdfhpf cj g|fzvfh{j `fwf fyyf|f zvfccj io||fppj f j zvfypo ye `fwf ec gjppo inf hoh pvppe njhho coypfyyo |eyvcpjpo o royyjho gj|co yfdr|f ioh cj ypfyyj go|{j( Cj rf|yohj `fwf cjwo|j|f ioh e r|oifyyeehpf|he f cj djpv|epâ rf| ropf| ypjlece|f vhj iodvheij{eohf ioyiefhpf ioh ec @HJ( E |eif|ijpo|e |vyyecjwo|jho ioh vh dfpoò inf hoh èrfh`f `j zvfype gjppo|e# rf|ü gvh{eohj YFDR\F# yfdr|f fzvjhò wfhmj vyjpj cj mevypj g|fzvfh{j(

Rf|ü# zvjhpo reõ î ywecvrrjpj cj ioyiefh{j ehèwe`vjcf# dfho i―î cj hfifyyepâ è zvjcyejye pero èèyroyepewo* Ye royyoho oppfhf|f zvfe |eyvcpjpe `j yf ypfyye f cj yiefh{j gehjcdfhpf ydfppf|â è |e`f|f

è pjce e`ff f rop|â yrefmj|hf f iohgf|dj|hf e |eyvcpjpe( F hoh geheyif zve( Mce yiefh{ejpe |vyye njhhojhinf yiorf|po inf ec hoyp|o @HJ rvü ijvyj|f do`fcce è rf|pv|lj{eohf hfc wvopo# r|o`vifhò ioyã–ivheioce— djmhfpe{{jpe*

E –reiioce lvine— yoho mce fzvewjcfhpe dei|oyioreie è zvfcce inejdjpe rohpe Fehypfeh$\oyfh hfccjweiehjh{j `fe lvine hf|e .cjyiejpe `j ypfccf iohyvdjpf%(

Zvfype yoho `fe pvhhfc è iohhfyyeohf# g|j j|ff iodrcfpjdfhpf èggf|fhpe `fcc―vhewf|yo# jpp|jwf|yo ezvjce ye rvü p|jydfppf|f c―ehgo|dj{eohf gvo|e `jcco yrj{eo f `jc pfdro( Ec @HJ jppe|j zvfe g|jddfhpeè ehgo|dj{eohf f ce rjyyj jccj hoyp|j ioyiefh{j( Zvfypo r|oifyyo è erf|iodvheij{eohf î reõfggeijif eh ypjpo è |ecjyyjdfhpo( Co yp|fyy# cf r|foiivrj{eohe f c―ehpfccfppo erf|jppewo edrfèyioho ecyviifyyo `fcc―erf|iodvheij{eohf o hf èypo|ioho iodrcfpjdfhpf c―ehgo|dj{eohf |fh`fhòcj ehvpecf(Eh Hjpv|j# c―erf|iodvheij{eohf î ypjpj jrrceijpj ioh yviifyyo `j deceohe è jhhe( Ec gcvyyo è wepjyp|vppv|jpo eh –o|mjhe{{j{eohe ypjpo— è ehyfppe co r|owj `|jddjpeijdfhpf( C―vodo do`f|ho coiohoyif yoco j` vh cewfcco docpo reõ yoppecf iodf –ehpve{eohf—( Rf|ü jhinf hoe royyejdo|fivrf|j|hf j refho c―vyo(

Vh fyfdreo eh Hjpv|j( Zvjhò vh go|deij |fmehj î cohpjhj `jccj yvj iocohej# cj ioyp|v{eohfiohpehvj ioh gf|wo|f f eh jiio|ò ioh cj rejhegeij{eohf( Pvppjwej# yf ye viie`f cj |fmehj# hfccjiocohej pvppo ec cjwo|o ye gf|dj( Hfyyvhj go|deij yj ioyj gj|f( Jrrj|fhpfdfhpf# cj |fmehj ehwej e–rejhe è ioyp|v{eohf— jhinf `j docpo cohpjho rf| df{{o `fccj ioyiefh{j m|vrrjcf `fe yv oe yv`èpe(

Rvü ypj|f cohpjhj zvjhpo wvocf# gehpjhpo inf yej wewj( Hfcc―vodo c―erf|iodvheij{eohf ye jppewjzvjhò vho edr|owweyjdfhpf |efyif j` jwf|f jiifyyo j` vh―ehgo|dj{eohf inf î gvo|e `jccj r|or|ejljyf è iohoyifh{f(



J zvfc rvhpo zvfypj erf|iodvheij{eohf wefhf yrf|edfhpjpj f ijpjcomjpj iodf vh―eyre|j{eohf oehpve{eohf( Ec iodroyepo|f epjcejho Mevyfrrf Pj|pehe# rf| fyfdreo# vhj hoppf yomhü inf ec èjwoco yeyf`fwj weieho jc yvo cfppo yvohjhò ec weoceho( Cj djppehj yfmvfhpf# Pj|pehe ropî p|jyi|ewf|f ec l|jhoj dfdo|ej ioh fyjppf{{j f co inejdü cj Yohjpj `fc P|ecco `fc @ejwoco(

Rf| jhhe# vh ehgf|def|f è 0< jhhe yomhü vhj yepvj{eohf hfccj zvjcf f|j iohhfyyo j` vhj yrfief èI@$\OD è iohoyifh{j( Mce wfhewj p|jydfyyj iohoyifh{j wf|egeijlecf `j pvppe e ijdreeddjmehjlece f jccj djppehj ropfwj |eio|`j|f( F|j pjcf cj wjcjhmj è ehgo|dj{eohe inf yfdl|jwj infè hoppf mce p|jydfppfyyf|o pvppj vhj fhieicorfèj( Cj djmmeo| rj|pf `fccf ehgo|dj{eohe f|j gvo|e`jccj yvj ljyf è iohoyifh{f rf|yohjce f j||ewjwj j `fppjmce pfiheie è ive cve hoh yjrfwjjyyocvpjdfhpf hefhpf(

Zvjhò jwwefhf c―erf|iodvheij{eohf# ye royyoho oyyf|wj|f gfhodfhe yrfiejce hfc @HJ# ioyã iodfhfcc―fyyf|f vdjho( Mce yiefh{ejpe |vyye njhho e||jèjpo ijdreohe è @HJ ioh cvif cjyf|( Hfccoyinf|do ye î go|djpo vh do`fcco è oh`f pereio( Zvjhò njhho |epe|jpo ec ijdreohf è @HJ# e

do`fcce è oh`j hoh yoho yiodrj|ye# yoho |edjype( Docpe fyrf|edfhpe è iohp|occo njhho èdoyp|jpoinf ec do`fcco r|owfhewj jhio|j `jc ijdreohf |edoyyo# ec ive ijdro fhf|mfpeio jrrj|fhpfdfhpf î|edjypo è rf| yf ypfyyo( Zvfypo fggfppo o|j ye `fhodehj fggfppo `fc @HJ gjhpjydj(

Ye r|fyvdf inf c―fhf|mej `fcco yrj{eo fypf|eo|f f `fc pfdro# òro jwf| |epe|jpo ec @HJ# gcveyijjhio|j jpp|jwf|yo e –ivheioce—( Cj djmmeo| rj|pf `fccf wocpf mce fggfppe yfioh`j|e inf ye ehiohp|jhohfcc―erf|iodvheij{eohf# jhinf `fmce fyyf|e vdjhe# yoho ijdre fcfpp|odjmhfpeie ehyrefmjlece hfccfweiehjh{f `fccj rf|yohj edrceijpj( Eh r|fyfh{j `fe zvjce e èyroyepewe fcfpp|oheie# iodf jpp|f{{jpv|frf| I@ f jcp|e yedece# royyoho fyyf|f jcpf|jpe f ydfppf|f è gvh{eohj|f rf| o|f( Zvjhò ec ijdrofcfpp|odjmhfpeio ye èyyocwf cfhpjdfhpf# cf jpp|f{{jpv|f gvh{eohjho jhio|j ho|djcdfhpf( Docpeiv|jpo|e f ryeineie iohoyioho zvfypo fggfppo òwvpo jc co|o cjwo|o( Reõ ye demceo|jho c―jpdoygf|j fc―fhf|mej `fcc―jdlefhpf reõ g|vypjhpf î inf eh zvfc r|fieyo eypjhpf c―jpp|f{{jpv|j è |fmeyp|j{eohfydfppf è gvh{eohj|f f è |fmeyp|j|f( Ec |ejiifh`f|f f yrfmhf|f òro cj yfyyeohf hoh hf |eypjleceyifjhio|j cj gvh{eohjcepâ popjcf inf rf|ü ec meo|ho òro |epo|hj jccj ho|djcepâ( Ineyyâ go|yf cfmmf|f ieü|eyvcpj p|jhzvecce{{jhpf rf| docpe# eh zvjhpo hoh nj hefhpf j inf wf`f|f ioh c―fyyf|f pfiheijdfhpfehijrjie# dj yemhegeij yfdrceifdfhpf inf yoho jlece rf| c―erf|iodvheij{eohf(

Mce yiefh{ejpe |vyye njhho e||jèjpo èwf|ye ijdreohe è @HJ ioh `fe |jmme cjyf| f yv vho yinf|do yeî go|djpj vhj pereij p|jdj è oh`f inf# vhj wocpj |edoyyo ec ijdreohf# |edjhfwj yvcco yinf|do(Jcco ypfyyo doò ye yvrrohf inf c―fhf|mej jc è gvo|e `fcco yrj{eo f `fc pfdro iohpehvj j rjyyj|fjpp|jwf|yo mce pvhhfc yrj{ejce jppewjpe jhinf òro cj |edo{eohf `fc @HJ( Mce fggfppe ioccjpf|jce reõ

g|fzvfhpe hfcc―erf|iodvheij{eohf yoho `fe ijdre djmhfpeie weiehe jccf rf|yohf ioehwocpf( Mcejrrj|fiine fcfpp|oheie royyoho yvle|f `fccf ehpf|gf|fh{f f ydfppf|f è gvh{eohj|f rf| o|f( Zvjhò ecijdro fcfpp|odjmhfpeio ye èyyocwf# c―jrrj|fiineo |eiodehiej j gvh{eohj|f ho|djcdfhpf( Docpeorf|jpo|e yre|epvjce iohoyioho lfhf zvfypo fggfppo(

M|j{uhj Moyj| jh` G|jh{ Lcvò|g hfc co|o cel|o Wf|hfp{pf Ehpfccemfh{ yrefmjho zvfypf iohhfyyeoheeh doò inej|o f r|fieyo( Mce jvpo|e |ero|pjho jhinf jcivhf gohpe yfiohò cf zvjce mce vodeheyj|fllf|o ypjpe iodf mce jhedjce# ioccfmjpe jccj ioyiefh{j è m|vrro# f zvehè jw|fllf|o jmepo iodfm|vrro( Rf| ywecvrrj|f f wewf|f cj r|or|ej ehèwe`vjcepâ# pvppjwej# jw|fllf|o jlljhòhjpo fèdfhpeijpo zvjye iodrcfpjdfhpf c―erf|iodvheij{eohf(

O|j inf cj hoyp|j ioyiefh{j ehèwe`vjcf î jlljypjh{j ypjlecf# royyejdo i|fj|f vhj hvowj go|dj èioyiefh{j è m|vrro( Ioyã iodf vyejdo Ehpf|hfp# ec hoyp|o @HJ î eh m|jò è eddfppf|f `jpe hfccj



|fpf# yij|eij|f ehgo|dj{eohe f ypjlece|f vh iohpjppo ioh jcp|f rf|yohf iohhfyyf( Eh zvfypo doò yeroyyoho yrefmj|f e gfhodfhe zvjce pfcfrjpej o mvj|emeohe j èypjh{j(

Yfh{j vh―ehèwe`vjcepâ èypehpj cj ioyiefh{j ioccfppewj hoh rvü fyyf|f vyjpj rf| vh rf|eoòr|ocvhmjpo# jcp|edfhpe ye |epo|hf|fllf j vho ypjpo r|edepewo è eypehpe r|edo|èjce(

C―erf|iodvheij{eohf hfc hvowo deccfhheo yemhegeij vhj ioyj lfh ewf|yj(

E |eif|ijpo|e rfhyjho inf# yf mce vodehe ioh refhj ehèwe`vjcepâ go|djyyf|o vhj ioyiefh{j ioccfppewj#jw|fllf|o cj ijrjiepâ è i|fj|f# ijdlej|f f rcjydj|f cf ioyf yvccj pf||j# iodf goyyf|o @eo* Fc―vdjhepâ ye ypj jwweiehjhò j zvfypo hvowo pero è ioyiefh{j ioccfppewj(

Ec pfdro jpdoygf|eio î revppoypo èggeiecf `j ehgcvfh{j|f `j vh yoco ehèwe`vo# dj c―edr|fyj rop|fllf|evyie|f `jccj ioyiefh{j è m|vrro .hefhpf è hvowo rf| jcivhf p|elõ ehèmfhf%( Ec pfdro wefhfgo|pfdfhpf ehgcvfh{jpo `jccj g|fzvfh{j |eyohjhpf `fccj pf||j .g|fzvfh{j è Yinvdjhh%( Dj zvfypfypfyyf g|fzvfh{f wfhmoho r|oòppf jhinf hfc hoyp|o if|wfcco# f zvjhò docpf rf|yohf yeyehi|ohe{{jho yv è fyyf# o zvjhò jcivhe ehèwe`ve .r( f( djfyp|e yre|epvjce% iohifhp|jho e co|o

rfhyef|e iodf vh cjyf|# hoh yo|r|fh`f jggjppo inf royyjho ehgcvfh{j|f ec pfdro( Vhj iewecpâ do`f|hjinf ywecvrrj zvfypo pero è ioyiefh{j hoh jw|fllf reõ r|olcfde hå `―ehzvehjdfhpo jdlefhpjcf# håè |eyo|yf fhf|mfpeinf1 vyjhò ec ropf|f `fccj ioyiefh{j ioccfppewj rop|fllf iohp|occj|fjvpodjpeijdfhpf f eh doò hjpv|jcf c―fhf|mej `fc rejhfpj(

Yf vh hvdf|o jlljypjh{j fcfwjpo è ehèwe`ve ye vheyyf ioh vho yioro reõ fcfwjpo# iodf cjdfèpj{eohf rf| cj rjif# ye èyyocwf|fllf jhinf cj weocfh{j(

Ec @HJ yfdl|j fyyf|f jhinf vh yvrf|ioh`vppo|f o|mjheio eh m|jò è cjwo|j|f j vhj pfdrf|jpv|jio|ro|fj ho|djcf( E ioh`vppo|e j|pegeiejce ehwfif |einefòho rf| ec co|o gvh{eohjdfhpo `fccfpfdrf|jpv|f fyp|fdjdfhpf ljyyf .p|j $<22 f $:02²I%( Ehocp|f# pvppe e yvrf|ioh`vppo|e royyohoeddjmj{{ehj|f cvif# zvehè ehgo|dj{eohe( Jhinf zvfypo èdoyp|j inf ec @HJ yej î m|jò è gj|co(

We î vh jcp|o gfhodfho cfmjpo jc @HJ f je pvhhfc yrj{ejce( Ho|djcdfhpf zvfype dehvyioce pvhhfcyoho jcpjdfhpf ehypjlece f `v|jho yocpjhpo vhj g|j{eohf è yfiohò( Eh if|pf iohè{eohe rf|ü yeroyyoho i|fj|f `fe pvhhfc ypjlece eh m|jò è go|dj|f `fccf ygf|f cvdehoyf( Eh jcivhf |fmeohe `fccj\vyyej zvfypf ygf|f jrrjeoho docpo yrfyyo( Eh zvfypf |fmeohe cf ygf|f j wocpf y―ehhjc{jho `jccj pf||jwf|yo ec iefco# f e |eif|ijpo|e njhho yiorf|po inf royyoho fyyf|f mve`jpe `jc rfhyef|o( Cf ygf|ffdfppoho oh`f j ljyyj g|fzvfh{j inf wfhmoho jhinf r|oòppf `jc hoyp|o if|wfcco# zvehè yoho eh

m|jò è |fjme|f je hoyp|e rfhyef|e( Zvfypf ygf|f è cvif njhho vhj ij|eij fhf|mfpeij docpo fcfwjpj fyoho eh m|jò è ijvyj|f `fccf dvpj{eohe mfhfpeinf( Jhinf docpe orf|jpo|e yre|epvjce r|o`viohozvfypf ygf|f o iocohhf è cvif# zvjhò ye p|owjho eh vho ypjpo è r|ogoh`j dfèpj{eohf o `v|jhpf vh



cjwo|o fhf|mfpeio( Eh jcivhe r|omfppe rf| cj mvj|emeohf `fccj pf||j zvfypf ygf|f wfhmoho ijppv|jpfjhinf hfccf gopo( Eh rjyyjpo è g|ohpf j zvfype gfhodfhe cvdehoye ye i|f`fwj inf jrrj|eyyf|o `fmcejhmfce( Eh omhe ijyo# rv| djhijhò cf r|owf yiefhpegeinf# o|j yjrrejdo inf rf|yohf ioh zvfypffyrf|efh{f hoh yogg|ewjho jggjppo è jccviehj{eohe( Jllejdo gjppo vh m|jh`f rjyyo eh jwjhpe hfccjiodr|fhyeohf `fccj hoyp|j |fjcpâ( Jhinf cj yiefh{j –vggeiejcf— iohoyif cf jhodjcef `fccj pf||j inf

iohp|elveyioho jccj go|dj{eohf `fe gfhodfhe cvdehoye( Zvfypf jhodjcef yoho ypjpf p|owjpf è|fifhpf jhinf j \oiij è Rjrj# j yv` è \odj(

C―j|peioco ehpf|o .eh ehmcfyf% ye rvü p|owj|f yvccj rjmehj }}}(goyj|$lcvò|g(iod .Aohpf~p ’ Go|vdgo| Lo|`f| Yiefhif%( Yv zvfypj rjmehj î jhinf royyelecf iohpjppj|f mce jvpo|e(

Hfc yvo cel|o –Wf|hfp{pf Ehpfccemfh{— .Hfp}o|af` Ehpfccemfhif; Ehpfccemfh{j p|jydfyyj `jccj |fpf%#M|j{uhj Moyj| f G|jh{ Lcvò|g yrefmjho zvfypf iohhfyyeohe inej|jdfhpf f r|fieyjdfhpf( Mce jvpo|eiepjho jhinf gohpe yvrrohfhò inf eh pfdre r|edepewe c―Vdjhepâ# iodf mce jhedjce# î ypjpjgo|pfdfhpf iohhfyyj jccj ioyiefh{j m|vrrjcf f jmewj iodf m|vrro( Pvppjwej# rf| ywecvrrj|f fyrf|edfhpj|f c―ehèwe`vjcepâ# hoe vdjhe jllejdo òwvpo èdfhpeij|f c―erf|iodvheij{eohf zvjye

iodrcfpjdfhpf( O|j inf yejdo jlljypjh{j ypjlece hfccj hoyp|j ioyiefh{j ehèwe`vjcf#royyejdoi|fj|f vhj hvowj go|dj è ioyiefh{j m|vrrjcf# iohi|fpjdfhpf vhj# zvfccj eh ive jllejdo jiifyyo jpvppf cf ehgo|dj{eohe rf| df{{o `fc hoyp|o @HJ yfh{j fyyf|f go|{jpe o iohp|occjpe j èypjh{j |eyrfppoj zvfcco inf òllejdo gj|f ioh zvfcc―ehgo|dj{eohf(

Pvppe e `jpe yoho p|jppe `jc cel|o –C―ehpfccemfh{j eh \fpf hjyioypj hfc @HJ— è Woh M|j{uhj Goyj| fG|jh{ Lcvò|g# .fèpo eh Epjcej `j Dji|ofè{eohe% |ejyyvhpe f ioddfhpjpe `j Ljf|lfc(

Rf| dfppf|we eh iohpjppo ioh mce jvpo|e; }}}(goyj|$lcvò|g(iod

P|jydfyyo `j Wepjf Lf|mdjh; }}}(|u{f(iod/wef}(rnr?}no4wepjfl

P|j`v{eohe j iv|j è Yvyjhhj Jhmfcj rf| }}}(ypj{eohfifcfypf(ep f Pjhkj Rjyehe rf|}}}(hf~vyepjcej(iod

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Cf yp|jpfmef cviegf|$dohèjceypf è ypjdro pjcdvèio$yeoheypj njhho vh Rejho lfh `fgehepo; ioehie`f

ioh cj @eyp|v{eohf `fccj Pf||j( Jppjiij|f @eo f zvehè ec I|fjpo hoh yoco cedepj c―j{eohf `fc mfhf|fvdjho f `fcc―Vdjhepâ# dj r|orfh`f wf|yo cj ioyp|v{eohf `fccj M|jh`f Ey|jfcf yve cvomne inf meâgv|oho `fcc―F`fh( Rf| j||ewj|f j zvfypo# yoho ypjpf nj ro|pjpo `v|f mvf||f hfc dohò# ioh cjèyp|v{eohf `fccf Hj{eohe# `fccf Dohj|inef# `fccj Yow|jhepâ `fmce Ypjpe# iodr|fyo zvfccj Dohfpj|ej#rjyyjhò rf| cj èyp|v{eohf `fccj lfccf{{j f `fe wjco|e p|jè{eohjce è @eo# Rjp|ej f Gjdemcej(

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yvccj yiej è vh―oppeij fiohodeieypj f go|pfdfhpf rocfdeij# nj ehpf|r|fpjpo zvfypo dowedfhpo hefhpf reõ inf iodf vh m|vrro è vodehe inf njhho yjrvpo dfmceo è jcp|e fcomej|f c―edrf|ejceydojdf|eijho f inf rf| zvfypo yoho ypjpe |erjmjpe `jccf dvcpehj{eohjce ioh vh roypo jc yocf weieho jccjYpjh{j `fe Loppohe( Jcp|e# ehwfif# yoypfhmoho inf ec hfoiohyf|wjpo|eydo yej vh r|omfppo rocepeio`f|ewjhpf `j vhj lfh e`fhpegeijlecf jppepvèhf iodro|pjdfhpjcf# zvfccj `fcc―fpeij `fccj iohweh{eohf#c―jrrceij{eohf ehyoddj è vho yinfdj iohifppvjcf `j ehzvj`|j|ye hfc gecohf `fc |jèijceydorocepeio( Vh dowedfhpo yã iohyf|wjpo|f# dj jhinf mfhvehjdfhpf jdf|eijho# f zvehè edroyyelecf`j iodr|fh`f|f yf jhjce{{jpo –jccj djhef|j fv|orfj—# jc è gvo|e `fccj rfivcej|epâ jdf|eijhj(Iejyivhj m|emcej ehpf|r|fpjpewj nj ec yvo df|epo# dj hfyyvhj nj yjrvpo ogg|e|f vhj yrefmj{eohf`jwwf|o fyjvypewj `fc r|olcfdj( @jc deo rvhpo è weypj# ec hfoiohyf|wjpo|eydo rvü fyyf|f `fgehepo

r|or|ejdfhpf iodf c―e`focomej rocepeij inf î jccj ljyf `fc dowedfhpo hfoiohyf|wjpo|f ypjpvhepfhyf(

Ec Wf|lo hfoioh hjyif hfccj yfioh`j dfpâ `fmce jhhe yfyyjhpj eh jdlefhpe hoh iohyf|wjpo|e f` î ecg|vppo `fc r|ogohò |erfhyjdfhpo orf|jpo `j jcivhe ehpfccfppvjce .î edro|pjhpf `fpf|dehj|hf ec co|oYre|epo inf hoh î zvfcco è @eo# jc zvjcf jh{e mce ye orrohf% `fe pfde ij|e jccj yeheyp|j hoh iodvheypj



wf|egeijpoye hfmce Ypjpe Vhepe vhj `fiehj è jhhe j`èfp|o( R|orohfhòye# rf| loiij ypfyyj `fe yvoegoh`jpo|e f` fremohe# iodf ec rfhyef|o rocepeio inf |eyrfiinej hfc doò reõ holecf c―fyyfh{j `fccjiewecpâ oiie`fhpjcf# ec hfoiohyf|wjpo|eydo ye r|fgemmf iodf djyyede olefppewe; :% cj ègfyj `fccj`fdoi|j{ej celf|jcf f ijrepjceypj `j jppjiine ehpf|he f` fypf|he hfe Rjfye owf fyyj yej meâ ypjpjehypjv|jpj1 <% cj yvj fypfhyeohf jccf j|ff `fc dohò eh ive fyyj hoh yej orf|jpewj( Eh zvjhpo r|omfppo

rocepeio ioh jyre|j{eohe mcoljce# ec hfoiohyf|wjpo|eydo `fwf fyyf|f eyi|eppo g|j cf pfo|ef rocepeinf|jèijce o vporeypeinf1 9% cj ioyp|v{eohf è vhj M|jh`f Ey|jfcf jwvcyj `j zvjcvhzvf iohpfypoehpf|hj{eohjcf f zvehè jyyommfppjpo yoco jc Pjcdv` f jccf cfmme Hojinepf(Oiio||f# eh yfioh`j jhjceye# yfrj|j|f ec dowedfhpo hfoioh# `j |egf|e|ye mfom|jgeijdfhpf jmce YpjpeVhepe `―Jdf|eij o jc cedepf jhinf jccj M|jh L|fpjmhj# `j vhj jhio|j hoh lfh `fgehepj jppepvèhf# vhif|po doò è rfhyj|f ec dohò f` ec r|or|eo |voco hfc dohò inf ec hfoiohyf|wjpo|eydo iohèwe`fjcdfho eh rj|pf ioh jcp|f go|df è rfhyef|o rocepeio |jèijcf rf| iodf ye yoho djhegfypjpf ehjdlefhpe yej i|ohocomeijdfhpf jhpfif`fhpe jccj go|dj{eohf `fc dowedfhpo .ec rv|epjhfyedo hfcYfeifhpo ehmcfyf f hfe r|ede `fifhhe `fc Yfppfifhpo jdf|eijho%# iodf jhinf hoh jhmcoyjyyohe .yerfhye je locyifweine |vyye%( \emvj|ò cj ijvyj r|edj|ej `fc yviifyyo `fc hfoiohyf|wjpo|eydo hfmceYpjpe Vhepe# eo i|fò ye yej p|jppjpo è vh ijyo jh`jpo j lvoh gehf è ehhfypo# r|or|eo `fc pero è zvfcce

inf ye eh`vioho eh jm|eiocpv|j( Ehgjppe cf e`ff f cf j|modfhpj{eohe è gohò yoypfhvpf `je r|edehfoiohy# yfrrv| r|owfhefhpe eh cj|mneyyedj deyv|j `j vh jdlefhpf |fcemeoyo f rocepeio èggf|fhpe `jzvfcce òdehjhpe hfmce Ypjpe Vhepe .i|eypejhfyedo r|opfypjhpf f celf|jceydo%# ye yoho j|doheijdfhpfehyf|epf ioh e gecohe r|ehierjce è rocepeij fypf|j f` ehpf|hj jdf|eijhj(

P|owjhòye j \odj rf| mce ypvè# Djyyedecejho Aoclf# ijyvjcdfhpf jyyeypf j vhj r|oifyyeohf èjhpeicf|eijce$djyyohe inf r|oicjdjho cj weppo|ej `fc `fdoheo yvccj Inefyj# jggf|djhò inf ,Yjpjhj`fwf |fmhj|f eh Wjpeijho f ec Rjrj òw|â gj|mce `j yf|wo,( Pjcf j|è|f co ro|pj j yior|e|f cj yvjdeyyeohf f ye iohwehif inf e i|eypejhe `fwoho èwfhpj|f ,ijwjcef|e `fcc-Eddjiocjpj,# rf| jevpj|fDj|ej yinejiiej|f cj pfypj jc yf|rfhpf# ioyã iodf r|fweypo `jccj Yi|eppv|j( Hfc :5:= goh`j cj Dece{ej`fcc-Eddjiocjpj( Hjpv|jcdfhpf# inf ye r|orohf è „if|ij|f cj iohwf|yeohf `fe rfiijpo|e# `fmce f|fpeie#`fmce yieydjpeie# `fe mev`fe f yor|jppvppo `fe djyyohe―( Cj yvj coppj hoh gv zvfccj è jlljppf|f cfjhedf `fc hfdeio# dj zvfccj è |einejdj|cf f iohwf|pe|cf# rf| cj co|o fpf|hj yjcwf{{j# f rf| zvfypo#Rj`|f Aoclf ye |ewocmfwj jhinf je yvoe hfdeie( Eh vh j|peioco `fc :5<7 iepjhò e „R|opoiocce `fe YjweJh{ejhe è Yeoh―# inf inejdjwj „Ec cel|o `jwwf|o goh`jdfhpjcf `fccj Djyyohf|ej―# yi|ewfwj; –Fyyeèioho è yf ypfyye; -Ine o inf ioyj î eh m|jò è gj| i|occj|f vhj go|{j ehweyelecf? Cj hoyp|j go|{j îjrrvhpo è zvfypj hjpv|j-( Cj -Djyyohf|ej fypf|hj- yf|wf yoco rf| hjyioh`f|f e yvoe yiore# dj ecrejho `-j{eohf è zvfypj go|{j |fypf|â yiohoyievpo jccj mfhpf—( Zvfcco è Yjh Djyyedecejho î vhehpfhpo è cj|mneyyedj ro|pjpj rf|inå hfc yvo r|om|jddj hoh wefhf `fyi|eppj yoco vh―„or{eohf|fcemeoyj― dj vhj yifcpj mcoljcf( Ec `fye`f|eo î ehgjppe inf e yvoe ijwjcef|e yejho r|fyfhpe `jrrf|pvppo#hfc ijdro `fcc-f`vij{eohf# `fc cjwo|o fèpo|ejcf f èwvcmjpewo# `fccf j|pe# `fccf yiefh{f((( Eh yoypjh{j#

ye wvocf inf cj Dece{ej –edr|fmhe pvppo f eh vho Yre|epo Yjho mvj|eyij# |jggo|{e f ywecvrre omhe ioyjjccj djmmeo| mco|ej è @eo# rf| df{{o `fcc-Eddjiocjpj f rf| ec lfhf `fccj iodvhepâ—(

Jllejdo zvehè ro|pjpo j pf|dehf cj |eif|ij `fccf iohè{eohe inf njhho |fyo royyelecf cj lvohj|evyiepj è zvfypo ehhfypo hfgjypo# eh iohp|o pfh`fh{j |eyrfppo jcco Yre|epo Yjhpo# inf omme `â wepj jcHvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf( Cj Inefyj# rf|epo ec wf|peif# `fijrepjpj# yfiohò cj weyeohf yf`fwjijhpeypj fjroijceppeij inf ie `â Hoyp|j Yemho|j j Gjpedj# zvfccj wf|j# rf| ehpfh`f|ie# î ypjpj `fyjvpo|jpj `jccfjvpo|epâ dohèjce( Câ òwf ehwfif î ypjpj |eiohoyievpj vggeiejcdfhpf zvfccj Hvowj vyiepj `jcIohieceo Wjpeijho EE( Ec Gjcyo Rjrj# inf pjcf î rf| ine jhio|j ye yfhpf edr|fmhjpo hfccj deyyeohf è

rf|yfmve|f co Yre|epo Yjhpo –o|emehjcf—# è gjppo î ec ijro è vhj jcp|j inefyj f è vhj gjcyj |fcemeohffivdfheypj# inf |eiohoyif reõ inefyf f reõ i|fè( O|j# rf| ehpfh`f|f hoh yoco e ij|jppf|e

`fcc―fiif{eohjcepâ jdf|eijhj f` ey|jfcejhj dj jhinf ec hoyp|o r|fyfhpf# ljype jwf|f inej|e `vfiohifppe inejwf `fc Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf; yehj|inej f yehi|fpeydo# cf `vf go|df è rfhyef|odohèjceypj ioh ive cj Rcvpoi|j{ej `j ocp|f `vf yfioce mowf|hjho ec dohò( Yoco jpp|jwf|yo cj



iohoyifh{j è zvfype rf|wf|ye dfiijheyde inf njhho ehp|oòppo hfc dohò ec yoiejceydo eh pvppf cfyvf go|df f cf gjcyf |fcemeohe |evhepf j` Jyyeye# rop|fddo jhio| dfmceo iodr|fh`f|f iodf vhdjheroco è Yjhpe njhho ropvpo# jmfhò yfiohò cf comeinf `fcco Yre|epo èweho f hoh vdjho#|er|eypehj|f omhe wocpj ec io|yo `fccj Ypo|ej# gjifhò c―edr|fyj jpp|jwf|yo orf|f è Ij|epâ f eh jppfyj`fccj Rj|vyãj è Hoyp|o Yemho|f f zvehè jcgj f odfmj# Iocve inf ie gj|â inev`f|f `fgehepewjdfhpf

omhe ijrepoco ioh cj Ypo|ej f ioh ec Pfdro# rjyyjhò `j vh frecomo inf î ec Mevè{eo Vhewf|yjcf(Ehyoddj ye î Yjhpe f ye jmeyif ioh ec Mevypo Yre|epo eh zvjhpo ye jmeyif eh yehpohej ioh cj wocohpâ fc-ehpfccemfh{j èwehj# hfc yvrf|j|f e cedepe f cf `flocf{{f vdjhf f ye rohf iodf do`fcco `j edepj|frf| jwweiehj|ye j @eo( F zvfypo yemhegeij pfhf|ye cohpjhe f gvo|e `j pvppo ieü inf hoh jrrj|pefhf j @eof inf gj rj|pf è jcp|e yeypfde inf cjwo|jho rf| `fyjvpo|j|Co f ijhifccj|Co `jccj Ypo|ej(

F― iv|eoyo iodvhzvf inf Lj|jia Oljdj# ec ijhè`jpo jccj R|fye`fh{j `fmce Ypjpe Vhepe f zvehè`fcc―Edrf|o Dohèjcf# èij è fyyf|f vh ivcpo|f `fc Lfjpo Meojiineho `j Geo|f( Yj|â inf yej cvec―JhpeI|eypo f inf yj è jwf|f ec pfdro iohpjpo rf| wehif|f iohp|o co Yre|epo Yjhpo inf ypj rf|djhegfypj|ye eh pvppj cj Yvj Ropfh{j f inf ypâ r|frj|jhò p|jdepf Dj|ej cj Rj|vyãj è Hoyp|o Yemho|f#òro zvfype jhhe è M|jh`f P|elocj{eohf yvyiepjpe `jc Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf iohp|o @eo?

–@owf wvoe Djfyp|o inf gfypfmmejdo cj Rjyzvj?—# inefòho mce Jroypoce f Mfyõ |eyroh`f( Cj Gehf`fe Pfdre î r|oyyedj jcc―j||ewo `fcc―F|j o c―Fohf `fccj ioypfccj{eohf `fcc―Jizvj|eo î yvlfhp|jpj jeRfyie hfccj r|oifyyeohf `fmce fzveho{e .inf jwwefhf omhe <:62 jhhe( Ye pfhmj iohpo inf zvjhò Mfyõî hjpo# meâ ye ypjwj hfcc―F|j `fe Rfyie%( Cve yj|â ioh hoe geho jccj Gehf `fe Pfdre# `fcc―Jfoh f roeyj|fddo iohyfmhjpe popjcdfhpf jc Yoco Yre|epo f ine i―î# i―î( Fiio rf|inå Lj|jia Oljdj î iohwehpoinf cve yj|â c―Edrf|jpo|f o Gj|johf inf wf`|â yo|mf|f zvfypo hvowo Yocf(

Mofpnf jwwf|pf; –Pvppe mce jwwf|yj|e è vh―orf|j mfhejcf î iodf yf ljppfyyf|o yv `fe ij|lohe j|`fhpe;gjhho yr|e{{j|f yiehpeccf `j pvppf cf rj|pe f ioyã ro|pjho ec gvoio òwf jcp|edfhpe hoh yj|fllfj||ewjpo—( Co ye mvj|è `j òwf ye wvocf# dj co Yre|epo î gjppo ioyã; hoh gj jcp|o inf èyyfdehj|f ecdohò è Pfypedohe inf j||ewjho geho jc Dj|pe|eo# dj yrj|moho ec co|o J|ò|f ocp|f omhe cedepf(

Ioyre|j{eohf î jdle{eohf j mowf|hj|f( Zvfypo î ec r|olcfdj iohp|o ive omme òllejdo gj|f e iohpe(Ec r|edo Fyyf|f inf ioyre|ü gv `vhzvf Cviegf|o zvjhò ye |elfccü j @eo rf| gj|ye jò|j|f( Fmce p|jdüec r|edo iocro è Ypjpo `fcc-Vhewf|yo# ye èinej|ü jwwf|yj|eo è @eo f iohwehyf hfc IodrcoppoYjpjhjfc( Ijiiejpe `jc Iefco ioh e co|o Jhmfce f roypo c―J|ijhmfco Yjpjhjfc yvc P|oho `fc RejhfpjPf||j# njhho ehgcvfh{jpo# eh omhe pfdro# mce vodehe rf| ioyp|ve|f vh mowf|ho dohèjcf jpp|jwf|yo ec



zvjcf òdehj|f cf jhedf f gj|ye jò|j|f( Zvfypo djcwjmeo èyfmho î ec deypf|o `fccj yvj fdrefpâ infhoh nj ropvpo# geho j` omme# fyyf|f djhegfypjpo rf| cj r|fyfh{j `-vhj go|{j orroypj inf co p|jppefhf;ec Ajpfinoh Rjrjcf# rf| df{{o `fccj Yvj Gf`f hfcco Yre|epo Yjhpo f hfccj Yjhpj Fvij|fypej( Djzvjhò zvfypj go|{j yj|â pocpj è df{{o# jcco|j# c-fdreo $ ec gemceo `fccj rf|è{eohf# c-vodo `fcrfiijpo# c-jhpei|eypo# ec 777 $ yj|â djhegfypjpo .< Pfyyjcoheifye <;=$5%# ec mowf|ho dohèjcf ehypjv|jpo

f c―JhpeI|eypo# ec `vij è Yjpjhjfc f Cviegf|o# jò|jpo( Cj go|{j orroypj inf edrfèyif jhio|j jcDjcemho è |jmmevhmf|f ec yvo yioro hfc popjcf èyr|f{{o `fccj Wf|epâ î co Yre|epo Yjhpo inf jcfmmejhfccj Inefyj Wf|j è I|eypo orf|jhpf hfc dohò ioh vh dviineo è vodehe inf `fhvhiejho fjwweyjho( R|fypo cf go|{f `fcc-fdrefpâ ye yijpfhf|jhho# yrj{{f|jhho wej e roine |edjyvmce yepe ehpf|hfpè iohp|oehgo|dj{eohf# yoypepve|jhho hfccj rocepeij dohèjcf co|o vodehe# oyyej jyyf|wepe jccf ljhinf#f edro||jhho cj co|o fiohodej# cj co|o gehjh{j f cj co|o pfihocomej jpp|jwf|yo leoiner o dei|oineryoppoivpjhfe# Dj|ineo `fccj Lfypej f `fccf òdehj{eohe `fc Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf(

Wewejdo eh vh-froij è jcpf|j{eohf `fcc-fzvecel|eo `fccf ropfh{f dohèjce# inf r|o`vif vhj eccvyo|ejyrf|jh{j è rjif# vh jyyoredfhpo hfccj dfhpf è docpe i|f`fhpe# vhj wfcjpj weyeohf lelceij `fe gjppe`fc dohò cfmjpj jccj M|jh`f Ey|jfcf# inf edrfèyif è wf`f|f cj |fjcpâ r|ogfpeij `fc pfdro eh ive

wewejdo# m|j{ef jhinf jc r|ocegf|j|f è –gjcye r|ogfpe—( Mfyõ î è|fppo jhinf yv zvfype pfde f hohcjyiej odl|j è `vlleo; ,Mvj|`jpfwe `je gjcye r|ogfpe inf wfhmoho j woe eh wfypf è rfio|f# dj`fhp|o yoh cvre |jrjie( @je co|o g|vppe ce |eiohoyif|fpf, .Dp =#:6$:7%( F# hfcco ypfyyo Wjhmfcoyfiohò yjh Djppfo ye cfmmf jhio|j; ,Yo|mf|jhho gjcye i|eype f gjcye r|ogfpe f gj|jhho m|jhè ro|pfhpef de|jioce# ioyã `j eh`v||f eh f||o|f# yf royyelecf# jhinf mce fcfppe, .Dp <0#<0%( Rf| gjcye r|ogfpey―ehpfhòho è yocepo ioco|o inf yfdehjho f||o|e o# iodf yrefmj cj Lellej è Mf|vyjcfddf# òppo|eè dfh{omhj inf yf`vioho ec roroco ioh gjcyf yfdlejh{f è refpâ# dj rf|yfmvfhò gehe ehpf|fyyjpe(

E gjcye r|ogfpe ye r|fyfhpjho eh wfype è rfio|f# iodf yf jrrj|pfhfyyf|o jcc―owecf è I|eypo# gehmoho co {fco rf| cj mco|ej è @eo# dj if|ijho cj r|or|ej mco|ej f p|jdjho rf| cj |owehj `fccf rfio|f( YjhPoddjyo `―Jzveho yrefmj# ioh yjh Meowjhhe I|eyoypodo# inf e gjcye r|ogfpe wfhmoho inejdjpe ,cvre|jrjie,# rf|inå ehpfhòho hvoif|f jmce jcp|e .YPn EE$EE# :=<# 0 j` 9%( Fmce jggf|dj inf vh r|ogfpjwefhf `fppo gjcyo zvjhò jmeyif iodf yp|vdfhpo `fc `fdoheo .YPn EE$EE# :=<# 6i%(

Ec pfypo è Dp =#:6 wefhf iepjpo hfc Ijpfineydo `fccj Inefyj Ijppoceij j r|oroyepo `fcco yijh`jco;,Co yijh`jco î m|jwf zvjhò j r|owoij|co yoho ioco|o inf# rf| hjpv|j o rf| gvh{eohf# yoho pfhvpej ehyfmhj|f f j f`vij|f mce jcp|e( Mfyõ co |edr|owf|j jmce yi|ele f je gj|eyfe; ce rj|jmohj j cvre|jrjie eh wfypf è rfio|f, .III <<>6%( Dj zvjcf î cj |jmeohf r|ogoh`j rf| cj zvjcf fyye wfhmohoinejdjpe gjcye r|ogfpe f zvjcf î iohi|fpjdfhpf ec co|o doò è jme|f?

:% R|ogfpj hoh î r|ehierjcdfhpf iocve inf r|fèif ec gvpv|o# dj iocve inf rj|cj j hodf è @eo#

eyre|jpo f ehij|eijpo `j Cve( Yeiiodf hfc Wfiineo Pfypjdfhpo e r|ogfpe r|frj|jwjho cj wfhvpj èI|eypo# fyye owwejdfhpf co r|fèifwjho# jhinf hfe yvoe rj|peiocj|e( Fwe`fhpfdfhpf jhinf hfc HvowoPfypjdfhpo# I|eypo f e yvoe# r|oicjdjhò ec |fmho `fc Rj`|f .ig|( CM 96%# co ehèijwjho iodf meâ

r|fyfhpf f ehyefdf gvpv|o .ig|( CM 6%(

O|j# r|oicjdj|f ec \fmho è @eo# oyyej cj yvj m|j{ej iohyeypfhpf hfc rf|òho f hfccj yjcwf{{j gvpv|j# iodro|pj c―ehwepo f c―fyo|pj{eohf jccj iohwf|yeohf; ,òro inf Meowjhhe gv j||fypjpo# Mfyõ ye|fiü hfccj Mjcecfj r|fèifhò ec wjhmfco è @eo f èifwj; „Ec pfdro î iodrevpo f ec |fmho è @eo îweieho# iohwf|pepfwe f i|f`fpf jc wjhmfco, .Dp :#:6%(

Jhinf e r|ogfpe |einejdjwjho jccj gf`f eh @eo# jccj rv|f{{j `fe ioypvde# `fhvhiejhò e rfiijpe f

dehjiiejhò ijypemne èwehe( Ljype |eio|`j|f cf gemv|f è Fcej refho è {fco rf| cj rv|f{{j `fccj gf`fhfcc―vheio wf|o @eo .:\f :>#<2$02%# zvfccj è Eyjej inf rj|cj iohp|o cj io||v{eohf do|jcf .Ey :$6%#zvfccj è Hjpjh inf `fhvhiej e rfiijpe è @jwe`f .<Yjd :<#:$:0%# zvfccj è Meohj inf jhhvhiej e



ijypemne èwehe jccj ieppâ è Hehewf .Meo 9%1 hoh yoho inf jcivhe fyfdre yifcpe p|j e pjhpe royyelece( Ecdohopfeydo# cj do|jcepâ f c―jppfyj `fccj yjcwf{{j yoho ommfp pe `fccj r|fèij{eohf `fe r|ogfpe# inffyo|pjho jccj iohwf|yeohf(

Dj jrrvhpo rf| zvfypo e r|ogfpe p|owjwjho |fyeypfh{f f |fj{eohe# geho j òwf| pfdf|f rf| cj r|or|ej

wepj1 fyfdreo pereio î zvfcco è Mf|fdej# ,ommfppo è cepemeo f è iohp|jypo rf| pvppo ec rjfyf, .Mf| :6#:2%# inf wefhf j||fypjpo f mevèijpo .Mf| <7%(

<% Yrfiejcdfhpf eh Mf|fdej fdf|mf cj èggf|fh{j p|j e wf|e f e gjcye r|ogfpe; zvfype vcpede hoh yoho ypjpe djh`jpe `j @eo f rj|cjho e pfypj r|or|ej1 hf hjyif vh―jyr|j coppj .wfè Mf| <9#5 yy(1 <7#= yy(1<=#5 y(1 <>1 F{ :91 De 9#6 yy(1 [i :9#< yy(%( Pereio `fe gjcye r|ogfpe î ec pfhpjpewo è cvyehmj|f#eccv`f|f# p|jhzvecce{{j|f f hj|iope{{j|f cf ioyiefh{f# rf| rejif|f jmce vodehe( Yf hf cjdfhpj @eo;,Ioyã èif ec Yemho|f `fmce fyf|iepe; „Hoh jyiocpjpf cf rj|ocf `fe r|ogfpe inf r|ogfpe{{jho rf| woe1fyye we gjhho i|f`f|f ioyf wjhf# we jhhvh{ejho gjhpjyef `fc co|o ivo|f# hoh zvjhpo wefhf `jccjloiij `fc Yemho|f( Fyye èioho j ioco|o inf èyr|f{{jho cj rj|ocj `fc Yemho|f; woe jw|fpf cj rjif*f j zvjhpe yfmvoho cj ijrj|lefpâ `fc co|o ivo|f èioho; hoh we iomcef|â ywfhpv|j, .Mf| <9#:7$:=%(

,Cj dej djho yj|â yor|j e r|ogfpe `fccf gjcyf weyeohe f `je wjpeiehe lvmej|è1 ((( roeinå ehmjhhjho ecdeo roroco èifhò; rjif* f cj rjif hoh i―î((( , .F{ :9#5%( Ioyã rv|f# dfhp|f e gjcye r|ogfpe

r|fèifwjho ec yviifyyo jc |f# ec r|ogfpj Deinfj r|fèyyf cj èygjppj .:\f <<#6 yy(%(

Meâ hfc cel|o `fc @fvpf|ohodeo @eo dfppfwj yvcc―jwweyo; ,Zvjco|j ye jc{e eh df{{o j pf vh r|ogfpj ovh yomhjpo|f inf pe r|orohmj vh yfmho o vh r|oèmeo((( f` fmce pe èij; yfmvejdo `îe yp|jhef|e# infpv hoh nje dje iohoyievpe# f |fhèjdo co|o vh ivcpo# pv hoh òw|je jyiocpj|f cf rj|ocf è zvfc

r|ogfpj o è zvfc yomhjpo|f1 rf|inå ec Yemho|f woyp|o @eo we dfppf jccj r|owj rf| yjrf|f yf jdjpf ecYemho|f woyp|o @eo ioh pvppo ec ivo|f f ioh pvppj c―jhedj, .@p :9#< $0%( E yfmhe inf vhj r|ogf{ej yejwf|j o gjcyj î cj yvj io||eyroh`fh{j ioh cj wf|j gf`f .@p :9#<$7% f ec yvo j`fdredfhpo .@p :>#<:$<<%# yf ieoî zvfype we yejho o yf djhineho(

Mfyõ èif inf |eiohoyiejdo e gjcye r|ogfpe `je co|o g|vppe( @fe g|vppe `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo j èggf|fh{j`fccf orf|f `fccj ij|hf rj|cj Yjh Rjoco( Ec r|ogfpj wf|o ioh`vif jccj gf`f# jc rfhpedfhpo# jccj|eiohiecej{eohf ioh @eo# jccj lohpâ# jccj gf`fcpâ# jc òdeheo è yå fii(# dfhp|f ec r|ogfpj gjcyoyfdehj edrv|epâ# eòcjp|ef# èyyfhye# èweyeohe# gj{eohe# nje|åyfey$f|fyef# fii( .Mjc 6#:5$<9%(

,Dj ec g|vppo reõ ij|jppf|eypeio `fc gjcyo r|ogfpj î c―edrfmho wocpo j` jccohpjhj|f ec Roroco è @eo`jc Djmeypf|o `fccj Inefyj# jpp|jwf|yo ive |eyvohj hfc dohò cj @opp|ehj è I|eypo( Ec Yemho|f

r|fèif jcp|fyã cj gehf è zvfype p|vggjpo|e; cj rf|è{eohf fpf|hj, .Cj Lellej è Hjwj||j# c(i(%(

9% Ehyfmhjdfhpo rf| hoe(j% Cj hoyp|j fyroye{eohf î ypjpj |eòppj jc dehedo# jllejdo r|oif`vpo rf| ifhhe( Yjh Meowjhhejroypoco ie jwwf|pf; ,Ij|eyyede# hoh r|fypjpf gf`f j omhe eyre|j{eohf# dj dfppfpf jccj r|owj cfeyre|j{eohe# rf| yjmmej|f yf wfhmoho wf|jdfhpf `j @eo# rf|inå docpe gjcye r|ogfpe yoho iodrj|ye hfcdohò( @j zvfypo ropfpf |eiohoyif|f co yre|epo è @eo; omhe yre|epo inf |eiohoyif inf Mfyõ I|eypo îwfhvpo hfccj ij|hf# î `j @eo1 omhe yre|epo inf hoh |eiohoyif Mfyõ# hoh î `j @eo( Zvfypo î co yre|epo`fcc―jhpei|eypo inf# iodf jwfpf vèpo# wefhf# jh{e î meâ hfc dohò, .:Mw 0# :$9%( Ocp|f jcc―jppvjcepâ`fc pfdj .ig|( Meowjhhe Rjoco EE hfcc―odfcej `fc 9: èifdl|f :559% hf |eyvcpj inf cj r|ogf{ejjvpfhpeij `fwf fyyf|f eh j|dohej ioh mce j|peioce goh`jdfhpjce `fccj gf`f i|eypejhj(

Hfcc―Jroijceyyf è Yjh Meowjhhe wefhf `fyi|eppj c j gehf `fe gjcye r|ogfpe jc yf|we{eo `fccj lfypej#oyyej `fccf go|{f inf# j||omjhòye ropf|e èwehe# ye f|emoho iohp|o I|eypo f cj Inefyj .Jr :9#::$:=%(



l% Yjh Rjoco èinej|j; ,Yf jhio|j eo rejifyye jmce vodehe# hoh yj|fe reõ yf|wepo|f è I|eypo*, .Mjc:#:2%(

Mfyõ nj r|oicjdjpo; ,Lfjpe woe zvjhò we ehyvcpf|jhho# we rf|yfmvepf|jhho f# dfhpfhò# è|jhhoomhe yo|pj è djcf iohp|o è woe rf| ijvyj dej( \jccfm|jpfwe f` fyvcpjpf# rf|inå m|jh`f f cj woyp|j

|eiodrfhyj hfe iefce( Ioyã ehgjppe njhho rf|yfmvepjpo e r|ogfpe r|edj è woe, .Dp 6#::$:<%(

We î vh doò è ,iodrejif|f, inf î yfiohò I|eypo; ,Iejyivho è hoe if|ine è iodrejif|f ec r|oyyedo hfc lfhf# rf| fègeij|co, .\d :6#<%( ,Eo de ygo|{o è rejif|f j pvppe eh pvppo# yfh{j if|ij|fc―vpecf deo dj zvfcc o è docpe rf|inå mevhmjho jccj yjcwf{{j, .:Io| :2#99%(

Yfdr|f pfhfhò r|fyfhpf# rf|ü; ,Mvje zvjhò pvppe mce vodehe è|jhho lfhf è woe( Jcco ypfyyodoò ehgjppe gjifwjho e co|o rj`|e ioh e gjcye r|ogfpe, .Ci 7#<7%(

i% Yejdo roroco r|ogfpeio è @eo .CM :<%# yoppo cj mve`j `fc Djmeypf|o `fccj Inefyj .CM <6% e cjeie rj|pfierjho jcc―vggeieo r|ogfpeio è I|eypo .CM 96% rf| c―fwjhmfce{{j{eohf `fc dohò . ele`fd%#

dfèjhpf c―jroypocjpo . ele`fd f JJ%# yrfief yf iohgf|djpe$i|fyedjpe .JJ 9%( Fwjhmfce{{j|f wvoc è|fjhhvhiej|f I|eypo rf| cj iohwf|yeohf .ig|( Jp <#97%(

Vhj iodrohfhpf `fccj gvh{eohf r|ogfpeij `fc i|eypejho î ec òwf|f `fccj io||f{eohf g|jpf|hj o`fcc―jddohedfhpo g|jpf|ho# è ive rj|cj j reõ |er|fyf ec Hvowo Pfypjdfhpo; ,Yf ec pvo g|jpfccoioddfppf vhj iocrj# wj― f jddoheyieco((( , .Dp :>#:6%( ,Yf vh pvo g|jpfcco rfiij# |edr|owf|jco1 djyf ye rfhpf# rf|òhjmce, .Ci :=#9% Vh r|fyvrroypo `fccj yjcwf{{j inf iohyeypf hfc rf|òho `fe

rfiijpe î cj iohoyifh{j `fe rfiijpe f ec rfhpedfhpo( Cj deyf|eio|èj èwehj hoh yemhegeij inf @eoinev`f mce oiine `jwjhpe je rfiijpe# dj inf if ce rf|òhj# yf if hf rfhpejdo gehinå yejdo eh pfdro;,Ec Yemho|f hoh |epj|`j hfcc―j`fdref|f cj yvj r|odfyyj# iodf if|pvhe èioho1 dj vyj rj{efh{jwf|yo è woe# hoh wocfhò inf jcivho rf|eyij# dj inf pvppe jllejho doò èo rfhpe|ye .<Rp 9#5%( DjMfyõ jddoheyif rv|f; ,Yf hoh we iohwf|pepf# rf|e|fpf pvppe, .Ci :9#9(6%( Cj io||f{eohf g|jpf|hj îvhj `fccf orf|f è deyf|eio|èj yre|epvjcf# lfh èwf|yj `jc mevèij|f ec r|oyyedo .Dp =#: yy(%( Ehwfifè mevèij|f cf rf|yohf f poccf|j|f ec rfiijpo# iodf yrfyyo gjiiejdo# òllejdo ioh`jhhj|f ec

rfiijpo# yfh{j ioh`jhhj|f cf rf|yohf .Ci 7#9=%# rf|inå @eo wvocf yjcwj|f pvppe .:Pd <#0%(

Rf|ieü Yjh Rjoco fyo|pj e i|eypejhe; ,If|ijpf ieü inf î m|jèpo jc Yemho|f# f hoh rj|pfierjpf jccforf|f ehg|vppvoyf `fccf pfhfl|f# dj revppoypo ioh`jhhjpfcf jrf|pjdfhpf# roeinå è zvjhpo wefhf

gjppo `j ioypo|o eh yfm|fpo î wf|momhoyo rf|yeho rj|cj|f, .Fg 6#:2$:<%( Fmce iohge`j inf e i|eypejheyejho ,ijrjie è io||fmmf|f c―vh c―jcp|o, .\d :6#:0%# ie fyo|pj j io||fmmf|f mce jcp|e ioh òcif{{j fvdecpâ .Mjc 7#:%# è jiifppj|f mce jddohedfhpe è ioco|o inf ie yoho r|froype hfc Yemho|f# iodf

rv|f è io||fmmf|f mce ehèyiercehjpe .:Py 6#:<(:0%# è jddohe|f g|jpf|hjdfhpf .<Io| <#=1 <Py9#:6%(

`% Zvfc inf eh`vif jc rfiijpo f` î rfiijpo meâ eh yå î ec gjcyo |eyrfppo vdjho# è ive rfiiü meâ J`jdo .Mh 9#7(:<%( Hoh yoco hoh òllejdo yvle|co# dj òllejdo fyyf|f r|ogfpe wf|e inf ye|fmocjho yfiohò cj rj|ocj è yjh Rjoco; ,Hoh iohgo|djpfwe jccj dfhpjcepâ è zvfypo yfioco.dohò%# dj p|jygo|djpfwe |ehhowjhò cj woyp|j dfhpf# rf| ropf| èyif|hf|f cj wocohpâ è @eo# ieüinf î lvoho# j Cve m|jèpo f rf|gfppo, .\d :<#<%( Hoh yfmvfhò e gjcye r|ogfpe# jiiodo`jhpe# infpfhpjho è r|jpeij|f yiohpe yvccj òpp|ehj f cj do|jcf è I|eypo# rf| rejif|f jmce vodehe# èyrejifhòj @eo# `jc zvjcf wf||jhho mevèijpe# jc zvjcf òw|jhho |eyroh`f|f .ig|( <Io| 6#:21 \d :0#:2$:91Mjc 7#0$6%# rf|inå ,|fyrohyjlecepâ, wvoc è|f zvfypo(

Eh iohicvyeohf; @eo djh`j e R|ogfpe# e zvjce rj|cjho j hodf Yvo# `fhvhiejhò e rfiijpe# rf|inå mcevodehe royyjho |fh`f|yfhf iohpo f rfhpe|yfhf f p|owj|f cj yjcwf{{j eh I|eypo( Dj jcivhe



jvpoehwepjpe ye yrjiiejho rf| r|ogfpe# dfhp|f hoh co yoho# ,r|fpfh`fhò è fyyf|f òppo|e `fccj cfmmfdfhp|f hoh ijreyioho hå zvfcco inf èioho hå jcivhj è zvfccf ioyf inf `jhho rf| yeiv|f, .:Pd:#=%(

E gjcye r|ogfpe j`ò|dfhpjho cf ioyiefh{f# e r|ogfpe wf|e cf ywfmcejho( F hoh ye `fwf hfrrv|f pjif|f1

yrfiejcdfhpf cf yfhpehfccf ioypepvepf ` j @eo `fwoho ,yvohj|f cj p|odlj f `j|f c―jccj|df, .Fy 99#<$9% jwwf|pe|f `fccj do|pf yre|epvjcf# iohyfmvfh{j `fccf ehezvepâ .F{ 99#:2$:7%( Ine lcjhèyif o pjifiocrfwocdfhpf iodr|odfppf cj yjcwf{{j fpf|hj jcp|ve(

Ec depf Yjh G|jhifyio è Yjcfy nj vhj rj|ocj docpo go|pf; ,Gjiieo fiif{eohf rf| e hfdeie èinej|jpeè @eo f `fccj Inefyj1 zvfcce wjhho yi|fèpjpe ec reõ royyelecf; rf| fyfdreo# cf yfppf f|fpeinf fyieydjpeinf ioh e co|o ijre( Î ij|epâ m|e`j|f jc cvro zvjhò ye hjyioh`f p|j cf rfio|f# hoh edro|pjòwf, .Gecopfj EEE <5%(

Omme ye jlvyj `fccj rj|ocj ,yrf|jh{j,; î vh pf|dehf ehgcj{eohjpo f yrfyyo ywvopjpo `fc yvoiohpfhvpo r|or|eo# yor|jhhjpv|jcf# è we|põ pfocomjcf# |egf|fhpfye j @eo .wfè rf| fyfdreo \d 6#61

>#<0%1 î èwfhvpj vhj rj|ocj ,|efdrepewo,# eddjhfhpe{{jpj# o|e{{ohpjce{{jpj# ypo|eie{{jpj# hoh reõp|jyifh`fhpf# fyr|fyyeohf `fccj gf`f yor|jhhjpv|jcf .wfè ehwfif Fl| ::#:%# dj vhj rj|ocj

ryfvòoppedeypeij# ehmjhhfwocf# jhfypfpe{{jhpf# è|fe zvjye ,r|orjmjhèypeij,( Yf ye ypvèj lfhfc―Jroijceyyf# we ye iohypjpj vh |fm|fyyo hfccj ypo|ej f vh r|om|fyyewo jvdfhpo# i|fyiepj `fc djcf hfcdohò .wfè F`vj|` Yineia# C―Jroijceyyf # \odj# :5=9# rr( 59# 55# ::9# ::0# :<2# :<7$:<5# :0>$:05# :>6$:>7%# òh`f cj hfifyyepâ `fcc―fyo|pj{eohf jccj rfhepfh{j .wfè ewe# r( :<=1 ig|( Ci :9#:$6%(

Cj woif `fe gjcye r|ogfpe yrfyyo yow|jypj zvfccj `fe wf|e# iodf zvfccj è Jhjhej eh iohp|jypo iohMf|fdej .Mf| <>%( Ieü hoh ro|pj jccj iohwf|yeohf .rfhepfh{j% f jccj yjcwf{{j( Cj mfhpf r|fpfh`f;,Hoh gjpfie r|ogf{ef yehif|f# èpfie ioyf rejifwoce# r|ogfpjpfie eccvyeohe*, .Ey 92#:2%( Dj @eojwwf|pf; ,Hoh we p|jmmjho eh f||o|f e r|ogfpe inf yoho eh df{{o j woe f e woyp|e ehòwehe1 hoh `jpf|fppj je yomhe inf fyye yomhjho( Roeinå ioh ehmjhho rj|cjho iodf r|ogfpe j woe eh deo hodf1 eo hohce no ehwejpe( O|jioco `fc Yemho|f, .Mf| <5#>$5%( ,E pvoe r|ogfpe njhho jwvpo rf| pf weyeohe è ioyfwjhf f ehyvcyf# hoh njhho ywfcjpo cf pvf ehezvepâ rf| ijdlej|f cj pvj yo|pf1 dj pe njh wjpeiehjpocvyehmnf# wjhepâ f eccvyeohe, .Cjd <#:0%( Ioyã jwwefhf jhinf omme eh if|pf iohgf|fh{f# r|fèinf#cepv|mef inf hoh fwjhmfce{{jho# ieoî hoh eh`vioho jccj iohwf|yeohf$rfhepfh{j# dj yoho gjcyjdfhpfiohyocjpo|ef( Yjh Rjoco nj yi|eppo; ,Wf||â meo|ho# ehgjppe# eh ive hoh ye yorro|pf|â reõ cj yjhjòpp|ehj# dj# rf| r|v|epo è vè|f zvjcioyj# mce vodehe ye ie|ioh`f|jhho è djfyp|e yfiohò cf

r|or|ef womcef# |egevpjhò è `j|f jyiocpo jccj wf|epâ rf| wocmf|ye jccf gjwocf,( .<Pd 0#9$0%( F jiifhhj jhinf j `fe ,gjcye g|jpfcce, .Mjc <#0%(

Yjh M|fmo|eo Djmho# ioddfhpjhò e rjyye lelceie yve ,ijhe dvpe, .Ey 67#:2%# mvj|èjhe ehgf`fce.ewe%# hoh ègfhyo|e .F{ :9#6%# yi|ewf `fe gjcye r|ogfpe; ,Cj rj|ocj è @eo ce |edr|owf|j è wf`f|f ioyf gjcyf# rf|inå# rf| pedo|f è |er|fh`f|f cf iocrf# cvyehmjho e iocrfwoce ioh r|odfyyf è yeiv|f{{j# fhoh ywfcjho c―ehezvepâ `fe rfiijpo|e je zvjce dje |ewocmoho vhj rj|ocj è |er|fhyeohf( Ec |edr|owf|oî vhj inejwf( Jr|f ehgjppe cj ioyiefh{j j wf`f|f cj iocrj inf yrfyyo î emho|jpj jhinf `j zvfcco infc―nj ioddfyyj( (((, . \fm( rjyp( <#0%(

E gjcye r|ogfpe yoho j`ò|dfhpjpo|e è ioyiefh{f dfèjhpf c―jrf|pv|eydo f co ryfvòoppedeydo.,jmmeo|hjdfhpo, f ,yrf|jh{j,%( Ioh`vioho jcc―eh`v|edfhpo hfc rfiijpo f jcc―edrfhepfh{j gehjcf#

rfiijpe ,e||fdeyyelece,# rf|inå iohp|o co Yre|epo Yjhpo# iohp|o cj m|j{ej è @eo .Dp :<#9<%1ioh`vioho hoh jccj yjcwf{{j# dj jccj rf|è{eohf .Gec 9#:51 Dp =#:9%(

Ec rfiijpo# eh zvjhpo iohp|o @eo# hoh î fwe`fhpf jccj ioyiefh{j vdjhj# dj nj leyomho è fyyf|fywfcjpo hfccj yvj wf|j èdfhyeohf f m|jwepâ; zvfypj î cj wf|j gvh{eohf r|ogfpeij .wfè Ey 6>#:%# iodf



zvfccj è Hjpjh hfe |emvj|è è @jwe`f .<Yjd :<#:$:0%( Cj hvowj .o |ehhowjpj% fwjhmfce{{j{eohfhoh iohyeypf hfccj yocj eyp|v{eohf .ijpfinfpeij# zvfypj wefhf òro%# hå eh vh yoco èjcomo .wfè

@ejcomo f jhhvhieo# :5 djmmeo :55:%# dj hfc af|umdj o jhhvhieo `fc |fmho è @eo iohmevhpojcc―ehwepo jccj rfhepfh{j; ,Ec pfdro î iodrevpo f ec |fmho è @eo î weieho; iohwf|pepfwe f i|f`fpf jc wjhmfco, .Di :#:6# ig|( Dp 0#:=%( Î c―jhhvhieo è I|eypo f `fccj yjcwf{{j eh Cve yoco ; ,Rfhpepfwe f

iejyivho è woe ye gjiiej ljppf{{j|f hfc hodf è Mfyõ I|eypo# rf| cj |fdeyyeohf `fe woyp|e rfiijpe, .Jp <#9>%( ,Eh hfyyvh jcp|o i―î yjcwf{{j1 hoh we î ehgjppe jcp|o hodf `jpo jmce vodehe yoppo ec iefco hfc zvjcf î ypjlecepo inf royyejdo fyyf|f yjcwjpe, .Jp 0#:<%(è òh Ewo Ieyj|

Hoh yj|fllf o|j è ywfmcej|ye? Mfyõ nj meâ jddohepo; –rf|inå ec Gemceo `fcc-Vodo wf||â hfcc-o|j infhoh rfhyjpf— .Cvij :<;02%( Rf| pvppe ioco|o inf ioh ècemfhpf jppfyj jdjho cj mco|eoyj jrrj|e{eohf èI|eypo# ec Dfyyej# inf |epo|hf|â rf| `fro||f ec mowf|ho dohèjcf `fccj M|jh`f Ioyre|j{eohf f

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Dj hoe hoh èyrf|ejdo(

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Mevype{ej f m|j{ej yoho meâ ypjpf vhepf dfèjhpf c-Ehij|hj{eohf1 f |jmmevhmf|jhho cj co|o refhf{{j hfccj Rj|vyãj( Rf| zvfypo r|oifèjdo refhe è ge`viej wf|yo c-ehiohp|o ioh ec Mevèif# inf î jhinf ec hoyp|o jwwoijpo( F zvfypo r|oif`f|f ge`vieoyo# yoypjh{j `fccj hoyp|j wepj# î ec demceo| jhpeòpo jccj èyrf|j{eohf `fccj hoyp|j froij( Leyomhj r|fèij|f hvowjdfhpf cj Rj|vyãj iodf refp|j `-jhmoco `fccj yrf|jh{j i|eypejhj1 yoco ioyã hoe i|eypejhe wew|fdo cj gf`f yfh{j gjcyegeij{eohe f yj|fdo ec yjcf inf yjcj ec dohò(Jcivhe# ioh c―jevpo `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo wf`|jhho cj Rj|vyãj jhpeierjpj .o ehpf|dfèj%1 wfhmoho ioyãehe{ejpe rejh rejho jcc-ehpf|j r|ogohèpâ `fc deypf|o è Mfyõ(

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zvehè è p|jydfppepo|e `fc dfyyjmmeo fwjhmfceio# f ehè|fppjdfhpf è ioyp|vppo|e è vhj r|jyyei|eypejhj dje weypj yeho|j( Ec r|olcfdj# `vhzvf# î jhinf f`vijpewo f go|djpewo( Omme# jhio|j hoh ye îeh m|jò è p|jydfppf|f jccf hvowf mfhf|j{eohe vhj ijrjiepâ è cjwo|o# è edr|fhèpo|ejcepâ# è jggfppe`v|jpv|e# è edrfmho yoiejcf# rf|inå hoh fyyfhò ehzvj`|jpe hfccj comeij pereij `fcc―Fpâ `fcco Yre|epoYjhpo# hoh ye iomcef iohpfypvjcdfhpf ec yfhyo `fccj Wemhj f `fc hoyp|o edrfmho ioccfppewo( Zvfyporvhpo è rj|pfh{j# inf î rf| o|j jyyfhpf hohoypjhpf jcivhe jiifhhe pefreè è Lfhf`fppo :7 è|eiohye`f|j|f c―edro|pjh{j `fccj Rj|vyãj go|yf reõ jccj cvif `fcc―Eccvdeheydo f `fccj Ijypj edrf|jhpfè Eccvdehjpe inf wo||fllf|o gj|ie i|f`f|f iodf fwfhpo rj|vyeio c―edroye{eohf `fcc―JhpeI|eypo# î o|jhfifyyj|eo inf ye |ero|pe jc ifhp|o ec |fjceydo i|eypejho iohp|o c―fggeiefhpeydo f` omhe go|dj èmowf|ho ryfvòdeccfhj|eypeio( Ec i|eypejhfyedo î f |fypj ec gjppo|f reõ go|pf `fc |ehhowjdfhpo `fccjwepj yoiejcf# fiohodej f rf|yohjcf( Rf|inå yf î wf|o inf cj yoiefpâ iewecf nj iohzveypjpo# hfccj Ypo|ej

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hjpv|j( Omme yjrrejdo inf ioh yogeypeijpf jrrj|fiinejpv|f# cf NJJ\R# ye royyoho i|fj|f pf||fdope fgfhodfhe fcfpp|eie ehi|fèlece( Ioyã iodf yjrrejdo inf e iefce yoho ioyrj|ye è |fpe è rcjydj f yiefinedeinf jpp|jwf|yo cf zvjce ye rvü iohp|occj|f ec icedj f cj io||v{eohf `fccj pf||j iocpewjlecf( Yfh{jrj|cj|f `fccf ropfh{f hvicfj|e# iewece f decepj|e( Ec ijyo è Gvavynedj î vhj iodlehj{eohf è fggfppelfh |evyiepj j |er|owj è iodf royyj fyyf|f royyelecf refmj|f vhj Hj{eohf rf| zvjhpo r|om|fèpj fehèrfh`fhpf fiohodeijdfhpf( @vhzvf cj gehf `fc dohò ioyã iodf co iohoyiejdo î meâ yfmhjpj(E Pf||fdope `j yfdr|f# hfccj Ypo|ej# njhho dehjpo cf hoyp|f if|pf{{f# gjcyf f |fyo ehypjlecf cf hoyp|fwfccfepâ è jvpohodej( Zvjhò i|occj vhj ijyj rf|èjdo ioh cfe pvppo zvfcco inf jllejdo ioyp|vepo#ioccf{eohjpo# ehwfypepo hfccj hoyp|j wepj( F ioyã yj|â jccj Gehf `fe Pfdre# zvjhò hoh |fypf|â refp|j yvrefp|j j ijvyj `fccj hoyp|j rf|èpj è o|efhpjdfhpo# rf| fyyf|ie èyyoiejpe `jcco Yre|epo è @eo( Jcco|jf yoco jcco|j yior|e|fdo inf jwf| cjwo|jpo rf| Djddohj î wjcyo yoco rf| i|fj|ie gjcye eccvyeohe# f

inf hvccj î fpf|ho( \edrejhmf|fdo è jwf| cjwo|jpo p|orro roio f r|fyyoinî hvccj rf| ec Rj`|ohfWf|o inf ie Jdj f ie Yjcwj( Ehgjppe ec Pfdro inf jllejdo `fèijpo yeho|j jcc―ehm|jpo cjwo|o# jc|eyrj|deo# jccf iodrf|f# j iohyoce`j|f ec hoyp|o fggedf|o ropf|f .yor|jppvppo è jizveypo% f cf hoyp|fif|pf{{f e`fjce# fllfhf wf||â yoypepvepo r|edj `j jdj|f{{j# r|ogohò io|òmceo f zvehè `j cji|edfè rfhpedfhpo f |edo|yo( Co ypfyyo jiij`f zvjhò yiorrej vhj mvf||j( E yocè f` e iohpe eh ljhij hohwjcmoho reõ hvccj# rf|òho omhe wjco|f è jizveypo f òw|fddo gvmme|f è ijyj cjyiejhò pvppo ehr|f`j jc yiejijccjmmeo( Zvfcco inf r|edj f|j hoyp|o o|j î è hfyyvho( @jc Wjhmfco yfiohò Dj|io.ijr(:9;>% –Ye cfwf|â ehgjppe hj{eohf iohp|o hj{eohf f |fmho iohp|o |fmho1 we yj|jhho pf||fdope yvccjpf||j f we yj|jhho ij|fypef( Zvfypo yj|â ec r|ehiereo `fe òco|e—( Wjhmfco yfiohò Cvij .ijr(:9;<$6%–I|f`fpf inf zvfe Mjcecfe goyyf|o reõ rfiijpo|e è pvppe e Mjcecfe# rf| jwf| yvlepo pjcf yo|pf? Ho# weèio# dj yf hoh we iohwf|pepf# rf|e|fpf pvppe jcco ypfyyo doò( O zvfe èieoppo# yor|j e zvjce |owehü cjpo||f è Yãcof f ce viieyf# i|f`fpf inf goyyf|o reõ iocrfwoce è pvppe mce jlepjhpe è Mf|vyjcfddf? Ho#we èio# dj yf hoh we iohwf|pepf# rf|e|fpf pvppe jcco ypfyyo doò—( @jc Wjhmfco yfiohò Cvij.ijr(<:% –Q<6TWe yj|jhho yfmhe hfc yocf# hfccj cvhj f hfccf ypfccf# f yvccj pf||j jhmoyiej è roroce ehjhyej rf| ec g|jmo|f `fc dj|f f `fe gcvppe# Q<7Tdfhp|f mce vodehe do|e|jhho rf| cj rjv|j f rf| c-jppfyjè ieü inf òw|â jiij`f|f yvccj pf||j( Cf ropfh{f `fe iefce ehgjppe yj|jhho yiohwocpf—( @jc r|ogfpjJdoy .ijr(0% –Q=T ((( gjifwo reowf|f yor|j vhj ieppâ f hoh yor|j c-jcp|j1 vh ijdro |eifwfwj reommej#dfhp|f c-jcp|o# yv ive hoh reowfwj# yfiijwj—( Wjhmfco yfiohò Djppfo .ijr(<0% –Q7TYfhpe|fpf roerj|cj|f è mvf||f f è |vdo|e è mvf||f( Mvj|`jpf è hoh jccj|dj|we1 î hfifyyj|eo inf pvppo zvfypojwwfhmj# dj hoh î jhio|j cj gehf( Q=TYe yoccfwf|â roroco iohp|o roroco f |fmho iohp|o |fmho1 weyj|jhho ij|fypef f pf||fdope eh wj|e cvomne1 Q>Tdj pvppo zvfypo î yoco c-ehe{eo `fe òco|e—( Jroijceyyf

.7% Q0TJcco|j vyiã vh jcp|o ijwjcco# |oyyo gvoio( J iocve inf co ijwjcijwj gv `jpo ropf|f è pomcef|f cjrjif `jccj pf||j rf|inå ye ymo{{jyyf|o j weifh`j f mce gv iohyfmhjpj vhj m|jh`f yrj`j —( Wjhmfcoyfiohò Djppfo .ijr(:2% –Q<>TF hoh jllejpf rjv|j è zvfcce inf viieòho ec io|ro# dj hoh njhhoropf|f è viie`f|f c-jhedj1 pfdfpf revppoypo Iocve inf nj ec ropf|f è gj| rf|e|f f c-jhedj f ec io|rohfccj Mffhhj—( Jroijceyyf .ijr(>% –Q6TRoe c-jhmfco r|fyf c-ehifhyef|f# co |efdrã `fc gvoio r|fyo`jcc-jcpj|f f co mfppü yvccj pf||j; hf yfmve|oho yiorre è pvoho# icjdo|e# gvcdehe f yioyyf èpf||fdopo( Q7TE yfppf jhmfce inf jwfwjho cf yfppf p|odlf ye jiiehyf|o j yvohj|cf( Q=TJrrfhj ec r|edoyvohü cj p|odlj# m|jhèhf f gvoio dfyiocjpe j yjhmvf yi|oyiej|oho yvccj pf||j( Vh pf|{o `fccj pf||jgv j|yo# vh pf|{o `fmce jclf|e jh`ü l|viejpo f omhe f|lj wf|`f ye yfiiü—( Jroijceyyf .ijr( >% –Q:2TEcpf|{o jhmfco yvohü cj p|odlj f ij``f `jc iefco vhj m|jh`f ypfccj# j|`fhpf iodf vhj po|iej# f iocrã vhpf|{o `fe gevde f cf yo|mfhpe `fccf jizvf( Q::TCj ypfccj ye inejdj Jyyfh{eo .4Inf|holuc eh |vyyo%1 vh

pf|{o `fccf jizvf ye dvpü eh jyyfh{eo f docpe vodehe do|e|oho rf| zvfccf jizvf# rf|inå f|jhoèwfhvpf jdj|f( Q:<TEc zvj|po jhmfco yvohü cj p|odlj f vh pf|{o `fc yocf# vh pf|{o `fccj cvhj f vhpf|{o `fmce jyp|e gv iocrepo f ye oyiv|ü; ec meo|ho rf|yf vh pf|{o `fccj yvj cvif f cj hoppf vmvjcdfhpf(



Q:9TWeè roe f vèe vh-jzvecj inf wocjwj hfcc-jcpo `fc iefco f m|e`jwj j m|jh woif; 33Mvje# mvje# mvjejmce jlepjhpe `fccj pf||j jc yvoho `fmce vcpede yzvecce è p|odlj inf e p|f jhmfce ypjhho rf|yvohj|f*88—( @jc Wjhmfco yfiohò Djppfo .ijr(:2% –<:TEc g|jpfcco `j|â j do|pf ec g|jpfcco f ec rj`|fec gemceo# f e gemce ehyo|mf|jhho iohp|o e mfhepo|e f ce gj|jhho do|e|f—(

Fiio ioyj hf rfhyj f èif @eo# ec hoyp|o I|fjpo|f# yvcc-f`vij{eohf `fe gemce# hfccf Yji|f Yi|eppv|f `fcWfiineo f Hvowo Pfypjdfhpo;R|owf|le .Ijr(:% –Q>TJyiocpj# gemceo deo# c-eyp|v{eohf è pvo rj`|f f hoh èyr|f{{j|f c-ehyfmhjdfhpoè pvj dj`|f# Q5Trf|inå yj|jhho vhj io|ohj m|j{eoyj yvc pvo ijro f dohece rf| ec pvo iocco—( .Ijr(9%–Q::TGemceo deo# hoh èyr|f{{j|f c-eyp|v{eohf `fc Yemho|f f hoh jwf| j hoej cj yvj fyo|pj{eohf#Q:<Trf|inå ec Yemho|f io||fmmf ine jdj# iodf vh rj`|f ec gemceo r|fècfppo( .Ijr(0% –Q:TJyiocpjpf# o gemce# c-eyp|v{eohf è vh rj`|f f gjpf jppfh{eohf rf| iohoyif|f cj wf|epâ#Q<Troeinå eo we ò vhj lvohj òpp|ehj1 hoh jlljhòhjpf ec deo ehyfmhjdfhpo( Q9TJhin-eo yoho ypjpovh gemceo rf| deo rj`|f# pfhf|o f ij|o jmce oiine è dej dj`|f( Q0TFmce de eyp|vewj èifhòde; 33Ecpvo ivo|f |epfhmj cf def rj|ocf1 ivypoèyie e defe r|fifppe f wew|je( Q6TJizveypj cj yjrefh{j# jizveypjc-ehpfccemfh{j1 hoh èdfhpeij|f cf rj|ocf `fccj dej loiij f hoh jccohpjhj|pfhf dje( Q7THoh

jlljhòhj|cj f` fyyj pe ivypoè|â# jdjcj f wfmcef|â yv è pf—( .Ijr(7% —Q<2TGemceo deo# oyyf|wj eciodjhò è pvo rj`|f# hoh èyr|f{{j|f c-ehyfmhjdfhpo è pvj dj`|f( Q<:TGeyyjce yfdr|f hfc pvoivo|f# jrrfhèce jc iocco( Q<<TZvjhò ijddehe pe mve`f|jhho# zvjhò |eroye wfmcef|jhho yv è pf#zvjhò pe `fype pe rj|cf|jhho1 Q<9Troeinå ec iodjhò î vhj cjdrj`j f c-ehyfmhjdfhpo vhj cvif f vhyfhpef|o è wepj cf io||f{eohe `fccj èyiercehj—( .Ijr(:9% –Q:TEc gemceo yjmmeo jdj cj èyiercehj# coyrjwjcò hoh jyiocpj ec |edr|owf|o( Q<0TIne |eyrj|dej ec ljypohf oèj yvo gemceo# ine co jdj î r|ohpoj io||fmmf|co—( .Ijr(:5% –Q:>TIo||fmme pvo gemceo gehinå i-î yrf|jh{j# dj hoh pe p|jyro|pe c-e|j geho jviie`f|co—( .Ijr( <<% –Q:6TCj ypocpf{{j î cfmjpj jc ivo|f `fc gjhievcco# dj ec ljypohf `fccj io||f{eohfc-jccohpjhf|â `j cve—( .Ijr(<5% –Q:=TIo||fmme ec gemceo f pe gj|â iohpfhpo f pe r|oiv|f|â iohyocj{eohe—(Ye|jie`f .Ijr(7% –Q:>TGemceo# yeh `jccj meowehf{{j dfèpj cj èyiercehj# iohyfmve|je cj yjrefh{j gehojccj ijhe{ef—( .Ijr(92% –Q:TIne jdj ec r|or|eo gemceo vyj yrfyyo cj g|vypj# rf| meoe|f è cve jccj gehf(Q<TIne io||fmmf ec r|or|eo gemceo hf p|j||â wjhpjmmeo f yf hf rop|â wjhpj|f ioh e yvoe iohoyifhpe(Q9TIne jddjfyp|j ec r|or|eo gemceo |fh`f|â mfcoyo ec hfdeio# dfhp|f `jwjhpe jmce jdeie rop|â meoe|f(Q0TDvo|f ec rj`|f? Fb iodf yf hoh do|eyyf# rf|inå cjyiej vh yvo yedecf òro è yå( Q=TInejiij|f{{j vh gemceo hf gjyif|â roe cf gf|epf# j omhe m|eò ec yvo ivo|f yj|â yiohwocpo( Q>TVh ijwjccohoh òdjpo èwfhpj |fypeo# vh gemceo cjyiejpo j yf ypfyyo èwfhpj ywfhpjpo( Q5TIoiiocj ec gemceo f` fmcepe ehivpf|â yrjwfhpo# yinf|{j ioh cve# pe r|oiv|f|â èyrejif|e( Q:2THoh |e`f|f ioh cve rf| hoh òwf|peioh cve |jpp|eypj|f# inf hoh `fllj èm|emhj|f e `fhpe jccj gehf( Q::THoh iohif`f|mce celf|pâ ehmeowfhpõ# hoh r|fh`f|f jccj cfmmf|j e yvoe ègfppe( Q:<TRefmjmce ec iocco eh meowfhpõ f ljppemce cfioypocf gehinå î gjhievcco# rf|inå roe ehpfypj|èpo hoh pe èyollfèyij f pv hf jllej vh r|ogohòòco|f( Q:9TF`vij pvo gemceo f r|fhèpe iv|j è cve# ioyã hoh òw|je jgg|ohpj|f cj yvj ehyocfh{j—(

@jc Hvowo Pfypjdfhpo;Fgfyehe .7% –:$0 Woe# gemce# ollfèpf je mfhepo|e eh pvppo( „Oho|j pvo rj`|f f pvj dj`|f―1 î zvfypo ecr|edo iodjh`jdfhpo jyyoiejpo j vhj r|odfyyj; „rf|inî pv yej gfceif f mo`j è vhj wepj cvhmj yor|jcj pf||j―( F woe rj`|e# hoh ehjyr|epf e woyp|e gemce# dj jccfwjpfce hfcc-f`vij{eohf f hfccj èyiercehj `fcYemho|f—( Jroijceyyf .9;:5% ,Eo pvppe zvfcce inf jdo ce |edr|owf|o f ce ijypemo,(Jroijceyyf .ijr(7% –Q=TZvjhò c-Jmhfcco jr|ã ec zvj|po yemecco# vèe cj woif `fc zvj|po fyyf|f wewfhpfinf èifwj; 33Wefhe88( Q>TF` fiio# de jrrj|wf vh ijwjcco wf|`jyp|o( Iocve inf co ijwjcijwj yeinejdjwj Do|pf f mce wfhewj èfp|o c-Ehgf|ho( Gv `jpo co|o ropf|f yor|j cj zvj|pj rj|pf `fccj pf||j rf|ypf|dehj|f ioh cj yrj`j# ioh cj gjdf# ioh cj rfypf f ioh cf gef|f `fccj pf||j —( Jroijceyyf .ijr(:>%–Q>Trf| zvfypo# eh vh yoco meo|ho# wf||jhho yv è cfe zvfype gcjmfcce; do|pf# cvppo f gjdf1 yj|â l|viejpj

`jc gvoio# roeinå ropfhpf Yemho|f î @eo inf c-nj ioh`jhhjpj88( Q5TE |f `fccj pf||j inf ye yohor|oypepvepe f njh weyyvpo hfc gjypo ioh fyyj rejhmf|jhho f ye cjdfhpf|jhho j ijvyj è cfe# zvjhòwf`|jhho ec gvdo `fc yvo ehifhèo—(



\eyjpf èjloceinf( Mce fyo|ieype epjcejhe yoho eh |ewocpj; e wfyiowe epjcejhe njhho jrr|owjpo cjp|j`v{eohf `fc hvowo pfypo `fc ,\epo `fmce fyo|ieyde,# inf |ego|dj zvfcco jhpeio# |eyjcfhpf j`è|eppv|jjc :7:0( Dj mce fyo|ieype $ |ewfcj rj`|f Mjl|efcf Jdo|pn# `fijho `fmce jiinejrrj`fdohe epjcejhe fr|fye`fhpf oho|j|eo `fcc-jyyoiej{eohf dohèjcf è ijpfmo|ej $ njhho meâ hoypjcmej `fc wfiineo |epo;

¡Ec hvowo |epo î `j ifypehj|f# ine c-nj yi|eppo î vh popjcf ehiodrfpfhpf( R|oeleyif è gj|f fyo|ieyde ehijyo è djcfgeieo; dj zvfype yoho ocp|f ec 52 rf| ifhpo è pvppe e ijye è ehgfypj{eohf èjloceij(Cj òdjh`j è fyo|ieyde i|fyif iohpehvjdfhpf f e wfyiowe yfdl|jho gj|f è pvppo rf| oypjiocj|f cjhoyp|j jppewepâ# yjcwo roe djh`j|ie mce eh`fdohejpe ioh pjhpo è |jiiodjh`j{eohe88

Wjhmfco yfiohò Djppfo ’ .Ijr(:7% –Q:>TF eo pe èio; Pv yfe Refp|o f yv zvfypj refp|j fègeinf|ü cjdej inefyj f cf ro|pf `fmce ehgf|e hoh r|fwj||jhho iohp|o è fyyj( Wjhmfco yfiohò Djppfo .Ijr(<0%–Q<0TYo|mf|jhho ehgjppe gjcye i|eype f gjcye r|ogfpe f gj|jhho m|jhè ro|pfhpe f de|jioce# ioyã `j eh`v||feh f||o|f# yf royyelecf# jhinf mce fcfppe—(

JROIJCEYYF; –Ye gfif vh m|jh pf||fdopo; ec yocf èwfhpü hf|o iodf vh yjiio è i|ehf# f cj cvhj

èwfhpü pvppj iodf yjhmvf ((( f omhe dohpjmhj f omhe eyocj gv|oho |edoyyf `jc co|o cvomo—.Jroijceyyf# ijr( 7# wf|yfppe :< f :0%( –Ie gv|oho pvohe# woie# cjdre f vh pf||fdopo— .ijr( ># wf|yfppo6%( –Ie gv vh m|jh`f pf||fdopo f cj `fiedj rj|pf `fccj ieppâ i|occü f yfppfdecj rf|yohf gv|oho viieyfhfc pf||fdopo f e yvrf|ypepe gv|oho yrjwfhpjpe f èf`f|o mco|ej jc @eo `fc I efco— .ijr(::# wf|yfppo :9%( –Ie gv|oho cjdre# woie# pvohe f vh pf||fdopo ioyã go|pf inf `j zvjhò mce vodehe yoho yvccj pf||jhoh yf h―î jwvpo vho jcp|fppjhpo èyjyp|oyo(((( Omhe eyocj yiodrj|wf f e dohpe hoh gv|oho reõp|owjpe—(WJHMFCO; @eyio|yo yvc dohpf `fmce Vcewe( .Dp <0;:$:01 Cv <:;6$:51 Dp :2;:7$<91 Dj| :9#:%–Dfhp|f fmce vyiewj `jc pfdreo# vho `fe yvoe èyifroce mce èyyf; ¡Djfyp|o# mvj|`j inf refp|f f inffègeie*± < Mfyõ mce èyyf; ¡Wfè zvfype m|jhè fègeie? Hoh yj|â cjyiejpj refp|j yv refp|j inf hoh yejè|oiijpj±( 9 Roe# dfhp|f f|j yf`vpo yvc dohpf `fmce Vcewe è g|ohpf jc pfdreo# Refp|o# Mejiodo#Meowjhhe f Jh`|fj mce òdjh`j|oho eh èyrj|pf; 0 ¡@eiie# zvjhò jwwf||jhho zvfypf ioyf f zvjcfyj|â ec yfmho `fc pfdro eh ive pvppf zvfypf ioyf ypj|jhho rf| iodref|ye?± 6 Mfyõ iodehieü j è| co|o;¡Mvj|`jpf inf hfyyvho w―ehmjhhe* 7 Docpe wf||jhho hfc deo hodf# èifhò; ,Yoho eo,1 f hfehmjhhf|jhho docpe( = Zvjhò v`|fpf mvf||f f |vdo|e è mvf||f# hoh we pv|ljpf1 î hfifyyj|eo inf ieüjwwfhmj# dj hoh yj|â jhio|j cj gehf( > Rf|inå ehyo|mf|â hj{eohf iohp|o hj{eohf f |fmho iohp|o|fmho1 we yj|jhho pf||fdope eh wj|e cvomne1 we yj|jhho ij|fypef( Zvfypf ioyf yj|jhho vh r|ehiereo èòco|e( 5 Lj`jpf j woe ypfyye* We iohyfmhf|jhho je p|elvhjce# yj|fpf ljppvpe hfccf yehjmomnf# yj|fpfgjppe iodrj|e|f `jwjhpe j mowf|hjpo|e f |f# rf| ijvyj dej# jggehinå ieü yf|wj co|o è pfypedohejh{j(:2 F r|edj leyomhj inf ec wjhmfco yej r|fèijpo g|j pvppf cf mfhpe( :: Zvjhò we ioh`v||jhho rf|dfppf|we hfccf co|o djhe# hoh r|foiivrjpfwe eh jhpeiero è ieü inf è|fpf# dj èpf zvfcco inf we yj|â

`jpo eh zvfcc―o|j1 rf|inå hoh yefpf woe inf rj|cjpf# dj co Yre|epo Yjhpo( :< Ec g|jpfcco `j|â ec g|jpfccojccj do|pf# ec rj`|f `j|â ec gemceo1 e gemce ehyo|mf|jhho iohp|o e mfhepo|e f ce gj|jhho do|e|f(:9 Yj|fpf oèjpe `j pvppe j ijvyj `fc deo hodf1 dj ine jw|â rf|yfwf|jpo yeho jccj gehf# yj|â yjcwjpo —(

E p|f Wjhmfce yehoppeie# Djppfo ijrepoce <0# <6# Dj|io :9 f Cvij .Dfèio% <:( Mfyõ I|eypo# eh zvfypeijrepoce `fyi|eyyf vh yfmho iodroyepo inf r|fgemv|jwjho jwwfhedfhpe jroijceppeie f zvehè òdehjpo`jcc- E`èo è zvfypo yeypfdj è ioyf( < Io|ehpe 0;0 –@j zvjhò r|fyf ec ropf|f eh Iefco# Mfyõ yijiieüyjpjhj f e yvoe `fdohe hfccj weiehjh{j `fccj Pf||j—( Ehgjppe eh \ewfcj{eohf .Jroijceyyf% Mfyõ èyyf;mvje jccj Pf||j rf|inå î ypjpo yijmcejpo Yjpjhj ioh e yvoe `fdohe—(

\efrecomo ’ Yjh Rjoco yvccj Gehf `fe Pfdre( Ec Pfypjdfhpo `fccj Yfioh`j Cfppf|j je Pfyyjcoheifye

Pfyyjcoheifye <$ Ijrepoco : Ehè|e{{o



Q:TRjoco# Yecwjho f Pedüpfo jccj Inefyj `fe Pfyyjcoheifye inf î eh @eo Rj`|f hoyp|o f hfc Yemho|fMfyõ I|eypo; Q<Tm|j{ej j woe f rjif `j @eo Rj`|f f `jc Yemho|f Mfyõ I|eypo(

\ehm|j{ejdfhpo f ehio|jmmejdfhpe( Cj |fp|elv{eohf vcpedjQ9T@ollejdo yfdr|f |ehm|j{ej|f @eo rf| woe# g|jpfcce# f` î lfh mevypo( Cj woyp|j gf`f ehgjppe i|fyif|emomceoyjdfhpf f jlloh`j cj woyp|j ij|epâ weifh`fwocf1 Q0Tioyã hoe royyejdo mco|ej|ie è woe hfccf

Inefyf è @eo# rf| cj woyp|j gf|df{{j f rf| cj woyp|j gf`f eh pvppf cf rf|yfiv{eohe f p|elocj{eohe infyorro|pjpf( Q6TZvfypo î vh yfmho `fc mevypo mevè{eo è @eo# inf we r|oicjdf|â `fmhe è zvfc |fmhoè @eo# rf| ec zvjcf o|j yogg|epf( Q7TF- r|or|eo `fccj mevype{ej è @eo |fh`f|f jggce{eohf j zvfcce inf wejggcemmoho Q=Tf j woe# inf o|j yefpf jggceppe# yoccefwo ehyefdf j hoe# zvjhò ye djhegfypf|â ec Yemho|fMfyõ `jc iefco ioh mce jhmfce `fccj yvj ropfh{j Q>Teh gvoio j|`fhpf# j gj| wfh`fppj è zvjhpe hohiohoyioho @eo f hoh ollfèyioho jc wjhmfco `fc Yemho|f hoyp|o Mfyõ( Q5TIoypo|o yj|jhho ijypemjpeioh vhj |owehj fpf|hj# cohpjho `jccj gjiiej `fc Yemho|f f `jccj mco|ej `fccj yvj ropfh{j# Q:2Tzvjhòfmce wf||â rf| fyyf| mco|egeijpo hfe yvoe yjhpe f` fyyf| |eiohoyievpo de|jlecf eh pvppe zvfcce infjw|jhho i|f`vpo# rf|inå î ypjpj i|f`vpj cj hoyp|j pfypedohejh{j eh df{{o j woe( Zvfypo jiij`|â# ehzvfc meo|ho(Q::TJhinf rf| zvfypo r|fmnejdo è iohpehvo rf| woe# rf|inå ec hoyp|o @eo we |fh`j `fmhe `fccj yvj

inejdjpj f ro|pe j iodredfhpo# ioh cj yvj ropfh{j# omhe woyp|j wocohpâ è lfhf f c-orf|j `fccjwoyp|j gf`f1 Q:<Trf|inå yej mco|egeijpo ec hodf `fc Yemho|f hoyp|o Mfyõ eh woe f woe eh cve# yfiohò cjm|j{ej `fc hoyp|o @eo f `fc Yemho|f Mfyõ I|eypo(

Pfyyjcoheifye < $ Ijrepoco < Cj wfhvpj `fc Yemho|f f ieü inf cj r|fif`f|âQ:TO|j we r|fmnejdo# g|jpfcce# |emvj|ò jccj wfhvpj `fc Yemho|f hoyp|o Mfyõ I|eypo f jccj hoyp|j|evheohf ioh cve# Q<Tè hoh cjyiej|we ioyã gjiecdfhpf iohgoh`f|f f pv|lj|f# hå `j r|fpfyf eyre|j{eohe#hå `j rj|ocf# hå `j zvjcinf cfppf|j gjppj rjyyj|f iodf hoyp|j# zvjye inf ec meo|ho `fc Yemho|f yejeddehfhpf( Q9THfyyvho we ehmjhhe eh jcivh doò* R|edj ehgjppe òw|â jwwfhe|f c-jroypjyej f òw|âfyyf| |ewfcjpo c-vodo ehezvo# ec gemceo `fccj rf|è{eohf# Q0Tiocve inf ye iohp|jrrohf f y-ehhjc{j yor|jomhe fyyf|f inf wefhf `fppo @eo o î ommfppo è ivcpo# geho j yf`f|f hfc pfdreo è @eo# j`èpjhò yfypfyyo iodf @eo(Q6THoh |eio|`jpf inf# zvjhò jhio|j f|o p|j woe# wfhewo èifhò zvfypf ioyf? Q7TF o|j yjrfpf ieüinf edrfèyif cj yvj djhegfypj{eohf# inf jwwf||â hfccj yvj o|j( Q=TEc deypf|o `fcc-ehezvepâ î mej ehjppo# dj î hfifyyj|eo inf yej pocpo è df{{o ine geho|j co p|jppefhf( Q>TYoco jcco|j yj|â |ewfcjpoc-fdreo f ec Yemho|f Mfyõ co èyp|vmmf|â ioh ec yoggeo `fccj yvj loiij f co jhhefhpf|â jcc-jrrj|e|f`fccj yvj wfhvpj# c-ehezvo# Q5Tcj ive wfhvpj jwwf||â hfccj ropfh{j è yjpjhj# ioh omhe yrfief èro|pfhpe# è yfmhe f r|oème dfh{omhf|e# Q:2Tf ioh omhe yo|pj è fdreo ehmjhho rf| zvfcce inf wjhhoeh |owehj rf|inå hoh njhho jiiocpo c-jdo|f `fccj wf|epâ rf| fyyf|f yjcwe( Q::TF rf| zvfypo @eo ehwejco|o vhj ropfh{j `-ehmjhho rf|inå fyye i|f`jho jccj dfh{omhj Q:<Tf ioyã yejho ioh`jhhjpe pvppe

zvfcce inf hoh njhho i|f`vpo jccj wf|epâ# dj njhho jiiohyfhpepo jcc-ehezvepâ(Fyo|pj{eohf jccj rf|yfwf|jh{jQ:9THoe rf|ü òllejdo |fh`f|f yfdr|f m|j{ef j @eo rf| woe# g|jpfcce jdjpe `jc Yemho|f# rf|inå @eowe nj yifcpe iodf r|ede{ej rf| cj yjcwf{{j# jpp|jwf|yo c-orf|j yjhpegeijp|eif `fcco Yre|epo f cj gf`f

hfccj wf|epâ# Q:0Tinejdjhòwe j zvfypo ioh ec hoyp|o Wjhmfco# rf| ec royyfyyo `fccj mco|ej `fcYemho|f hoyp|o Mfyõ I|eypo(Q:6TRf|ieü# g|jpfcce# ypjpf yjcè f djhpfhfpf cf p|jè{eohe inf jwfpf jrr|fyf ioyã `jccj hoyp|j rj|ocjiodf `jccj hoyp|j cfppf|j( Q:7TF co ypfyyo Yemho|f hoyp|o Mfyõ I|eypo f @eo Rj`|f hoyp|o# inf ie njjdjpe f ie nj `jpo# rf| yvj m|j{ej# vhj iohyocj{eohf fpf|hj f vhj lvohj yrf|jh{j# Q:=Tiohgo|pe ewoyp|e ivo|e f ce iohgf|de eh omhe orf|j f rj|ocj è lfhf(

Pfyyjcoheifye < $ Ijrepoco 9



Q:TRf| ec |fypo# g|jpfcce# r|fmjpf rf| hoe# rf|inå cj rj|ocj `fc Yemho|f ye èggoh`j f yej mco|egeijpjiodf co î jhinf p|j woe Q<Tf wfhejdo celf|jpe `jmce vodehe rf|wf|ye f djcwjme( Hoh è pvppe ehgjppe îcj gf`f( Q9TDj ec Yemho|f î gf`fcf1 fmce we iohgf|df|â f we ivypoè|â `jc djcemho(Q0TF |emvj|ò j woe# jllejdo zvfypj ge`viej hfc Yemho|f# inf zvjhpo we o|èhejdo mej co gjiiejpf fiohpehvejpf j gj|co( Q6TEc Yemho|f è|emj e woyp|e ivo|e hfcc-jdo|f è @eo f hfccj rj{efh{j è I|eypo(

Mvj|`j|ye `jccj wepj èyo|èhjpjQ7TWe o|èhejdo rf|pjhpo# g|jpfcce# hfc hodf `fc Yemho|f hoyp|o Mfyõ I|eypo# è pfhf|we cohpjhe `jomhe g|jpfcco inf ye iodro|pj eh djhef|j ehèyiercehjpj f hoh yfiohò cj p|jè{eohf inf nj |eifwvpo`j hoe( Q=TYjrfpf ehgjppe iodf òwfpf edepj|ie; roeinå hoe hoh jllejdo weyyvpo o{eoyjdfhpf g|j woe#Q>Thå jllejdo djhmejpo m|jpvepjdfhpf ec rjhf è jcivho# dj jllejdo cjwo|jpo ioh gjpeij f ygo|{ohoppf f meo|ho rf| hoh fyyf|f è rfyo j` jcivho è woe( Q5THoh inf hoh hf jwfyyedo è|eppo# dj rf|`j|we hoe ypfyye iodf fyfdreo `j edepj|f( Q:2TF ehgjppe zvjhò f|jwjdo r|fyyo è woe# we `fddozvfypj |fmocj; ine hoh wvoc cjwo|j|f hfrrv|f djhme( Q::TYfhpejdo ehgjppe inf jcivhe g|j è woewewoho èyo|èhjpjdfhpf# yfh{j gj| hvccj f eh iohpehvj jmepj{eohf( Q:<TJ zvfype pjce o|èhejdo#fyo|pjhòce hfc Yemho|f Mfyõ I|eypo# è djhmej|f ec r|or|eo rjhf cjwo|jhò eh rjif( Q:9TWoe# g|jpfcce#hoh cjyiejpfwe yio|jmmej|f hfc gj|f ec lfhf( Q:0TYf zvjcivho hoh ollfèyif j zvjhpo èiejdo rf|

cfppf|j# r|fh`fpf hopj è cve f ehpf||odrfpf e |jrro|pe# rf|inå ye wf|momhe1 Q:6Thoh p|jppjpfco rf|üiodf vh hfdeio# dj jddohepfco iodf vh g|jpfcco(R|fmnef|j f j`èoQ:7TEc Yemho|f `fccj rjif we èj fmce ypfyyo cj rjif yfdr|f f eh omhe doò( Ec Yemho|f yej ioh pvppewoe( Q:=TZvfypo yjcvpo î è dej djho# è Rjoco1 ieü yf|wf iodf yfmho è jvpfhpeij{eohf rf| omhecfppf|j1 eo yi|ewo ioyã( Q:>TCj m|j{ej `fc Yemho|f hoyp|o Mfyõ I|eypo yej ioh pvppe woe(

Rj|eg|jye ’ Cfppf|j è vh rj`|f j` vh Meowjhf Gemceo# yvccj \fyecefh{j Ijppoceij

Iejo Gece# iodf wj? Pe rfhyo yfdr|f# jhio|j reõ `fccf pvf ypvrfh`f yo|fccf( Iohgeò docpo eh pf# ehzvfcco inf no if|ijpo è ehyfmhj|pe# eh ieü inf rop|je gj|f rf| jevpj|f pvppe hfc dodfhpo `fc leyomho(Hoh eddjmehe zvjhpf rj|ocf wo||fe yrfh`f|f ioh pf# |jiiohpjhòpe pvppo ieü inf yo# pvppo ieü inf noedrj|jpo# geho jccf Wf|epâ `|jddjpeinf inf ye hjyiohòho jmce oiine jhinf `fmce fcfppe( Dj yefpfr|or|eo woe gemce inf de jwfpf ehyfmhjpo j |eif|ij|f cj yehpfye( Ioyã e pfdre gehjce ypjhho jccf ro|pf fc-vheij ioyj inf de yfhpo è è|pe î; pefhe yjc`j cj Gf`f hfc Yemho|f Mfyõ# @eo Vheio f P|eho( Yp|ehmego|pf ec Wjhmfco jc pvo ivo|f# f mvypjhf cf rjmehf vhj rf| vhj( Cã we î cj |eyroypj inf if|ine `jccjWepj( We p|owf|je cj Wej f pvppj cj yji|oyjhpj Wf|epâ( \egevpj ec Dj|ineo `fccj Lfypej# ec dei|oiner oleoiner eh zvjcyewomcej doò co ye inejdf|â eh zvjcvhzvf go|dj fcfpp|oheij# yfh{j ec zvjcfnppr;//}}}(uovpvlf(iod/}jpin?w4v0VVEFP20}D # hoh ye rop|â hî wfh`f|f f hî iodr|j|f .iodfjiij`f meâ omme ioh ec ioèif j lj||f# cj ij|pj è i|fèpo# ec iohpo ljhij|eo# cj dohfpj fcfpp|oheij# e

yogeypeijpe yeypfde Yjpfccepj|e# e MRY jhinf hfe ifccvcj|e# `fcc―e$rj`% yfmho èypehmveleceyyedo fehfzvewoijlecf `fcc-jroypjyej# oyyej `fc p|jèdfhpo `fccj Gf`f .î Mfyõ j è|ie inf yj|â ioh vh mfypor|jpeio# djpf|ejcf# jpp|jwf|yo cj zvjcf jiifppj{eohf èdoyp|f|fdo è hoh jwf| ijrepo hvccj `fc HvowoO|èhf Dohèjcf* YJCVY FIICFYEJ YVR\FDJ CF^%( Zvfccj inf î cj Gf`f è pvo rj`|f# è pvohohho# è pjhpe hoyp|e jdeie f` jdeinf# f inf î ypjpj `fe pvoe jwe# inf jrrj|pefhf jc Io|o `fmceJhmfce# je Yjhpe `fc Rj|jèyo# jccf jhedf `fc Rv|mjpo|eo# f` î ivypoèpj `jccj Inefyj Ijppoceij yeh `jePFDRE `fmce Jroypoce pvppe# jh{e# geho jc Iohieceo Wjpeijho EE( O|j pe òdjh`f|je; dj òwf î cjInefyj è ive rj|ce# f` ec Rjrj Ivd @fmhepjpf# f inf yj|fllf ypjpj yowf|inejpj f yoypepvepj òro ecrohpegeijpo `fc Lfjpo Reo ÊE? Rop|fe jhinf zve è|pe pjhpf ioyf# dj de yfhpo è è|pfhf yoco vhj g|jpvppf# ioyã inf hoh yej hfddfho hfifyyj|eo cfmmf|f# o èwfhpj|f òppe( F― cj djmhegeifh{j `fccj Gf`fI|eypejhj inf ie |fh`f demceo|e –yf|we—# dj yoco yf yfdrceie f rv|e è ivo|f# jh{e# gf|wfhpe

hfcc―j{eohf# hfcc―jppo è Pfypedohej|f cj Wf|j Gf`f; CJ IJ\EPJ― RJ\PFIERJ @FCCJ MEOEJ@FCCJ WF\EPJ―( @vlepj zvehè `fccf Mvf||f iodf r|odfyyj è Rjif o è R|om|fyyo f|emfhf|j{eohf `fccf fiohodef f `fccf gehjh{f( @vlepj rv|f `fccf \ewocv{eohe ioco|jpf# inf yf goyyf|o

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4UUIET04wM





wf|f hoh yj|fllf|o yoypfhvpf `j Ljhinf# Mowf|he Dohèjce# Ioyp|vppo|e `―J|de# Djehyp|fjd#O|mjhe{{j{eohe Djyyoheinf f Yehj|ineinf( Jdj weweyyedjdfhpf Dj|ej# dj`|f yoiio||ep|eif# f yfrvoe wje j` jò|j|f cj Yvj Yjhpj Ijyj j Co|fpo f` ec cvomne `fccf yvf jrrj|e{eohe# yor|jppvppo jGjpedj# yifcpe `j Cfe ioh m|jhèyyedj iv|j( Yf wvoe pe ie ro|po wocfhpef|e hfccf pf||f inf Cfe#Eddjiocjpj# nj gopom|jgjpo rf|inå hf jwfyyedo vh rj|peiocj|f cvhmede|jhpf |eio|ò hfe pfdre `fccf

m|jhè |ewocv{eohe jhp|orocomeinf# rocepeinf# ivcpv|jce# fiocomeinf# |fcemeoyf# yoiejce# fiohodeinf#ioypepv{eohjce inf yoho iohp|o c―vdjhepâ f cj I|fj{eohf( Yoho e cvomne eh ive yoho ypjpe goh`jpe # `jyfdrceie iohpjèhe jhjcgjlfpe e Lo|mne# inf inejdo è ^fholej ioh cf Yvf J|inf è Lfccf{{j .cj|fmocj `fmce J|ief|e; J|ij4 Ljvce è deyyeohf# iodvhepâ f gjdemcej%( Wo||fe iohyemcej|pe è jh`j|fjhinf j Hodj`fcgej# òwf ec Wjhmfco ye î iohi|fpe{{jpo eh vhj iodvhepâ iodf je Pfdre è Mfyõ#ioyã iodf de yfhpo è yvmmf|e|pe è jh`j|f j gj|f vh \epe|o Yre|epvjcf j` Jcljho Cj{ejcf# r|fyyo cjG|jpf|hepâ Yjh Reo ^ zvfccj è dohy( Cfgflw|f# yfiohò mce Fyf|ie{e è Yjhp―Emhj{eo( Rop|fype weyepj|fpvppe e cvomne òwf e Yjhpe njhho |eifwvpo cj Woij{eohf f ro|pj|f `fwo{eohf je Yjhpe Rjre f je @oppo|ef Rj`|e `fccj Inefyj inf hf njhho r|odoyyo cj –Go|pegeij{eohf Yre|epvjcf—( Ehpjhpo gjppe ro|pj|f `jdjddj j weyepj|f ec Ij|if|f Djdf|peho j \odj# weieho jc go|o |odjho# òwf gv|oho pfhvpe

r|emeohef|e Yjh Refp|o f Yjh Rjoco iohye`f|jpe hfdeie `fcc―Edrf|o# yoco rf| r|ogfyyj|f cj \fcemeohf

Vheij f \ewfcjpj `j @eo( Ehwoij f j||eiineyiepe `fccoe Yre|epo Yjhpo# `fe Yvoe @ohe# `fccf Yvf We|põ#`fccf Yvf M|j{ef( Cj I|fyedj# inf pv jiifppjype# jnedî# `j vh Wfyiowo `fieyjdfhpf jroypjpj#jw|fllf òwvpo jevpj|pe eh zvfypo# f ineyyâ inf Mfyõ J`wfhefhpf f Dj|ej Io|\f`fhp|eif hoh pejllejho iohifyyo co ypfyyo cj M|j{ej# ehpf|if`fhò rf|inî ieü jwwfhmj –iodf iohge|dj{eohf èivo|f# io|ro# dfhpf f yre|epo r|or|eo rf| ec lfhf inf rjrâ pvo# inf o|j î cohpjho# pe wvocf f rf|zvfcco inf cve ypfyyo gj f ye edrfmhj j gj|f rf| cj Inefyj `fmce Vcpede Pfdre— jhinf `j zvfypo fyeceo(Lfhfèie pvppe e meo|he ec ielo inf nje è g|ohpf# ljiej pvj dj`|f# e pvoe hohhe# cf pvf jdjleceyyedfyo|fccf# ioehwocme e pvoe ivmehe f` e pvoe jdeie1 r|oiv|jpfwe ijh`fcf è if|j lfhf`fppj f edrj|j jiviehj|f iodf rjrâ pe nj ehyfmhjpo hfccj fiohodej reõ g|vmjcf# yfdrceif dj yvlcedf inf hfe pfdreyp|fppe .Djddohj oiivrj omhe hoyp|o yrj{eo# rfhyef|o f pfdro%# |eyp|fppe .Mfyõ ce jiio|if|â# wf`|je#rf| hoh gj|ie r|fierepj|f pvppe hfc lj|jp|o# ioh e hoyp|e m|jwe rfiijpe% f ioyp|fppe .p|j roio yj|fdowehiocjpe `j r|odfyyf –jhpei|eypejhf—% è M|jh`f P|elocj{eohf eh ive wf`|je c―JLODEHEO @FCCJ@FYOCJ[EOHF HFC CVOMO YJHPO( Yj|â vh-j|pf jyyje jrr|f{{jpj f lfh wocvpj `j pvppe jhinfhfc iodredfhpo `fccj Ij|epâ Iohwewejcf .yj|â èggeiecf djhmej|f iele yjhe f lvohe%( Pe ljieo iohm|jhèyyedo jdo|f( Rjrâ# J|ief|f è @eo(ry |eio|`jpe inf ,gj|ye, IJ\EPJ- .jppfh{eohf# èio –gj|ye— f hoh gj|f cj Ij|epâ% î ec reõ m|jh`f jppo èJdo|f f è Gf`f eh Orf|j inf rvoe iodref|f( Yromcejpe m|j`vjcdfhpf è pvppo ieü inf nje jizveyepoyoppo ec yemecco è Djddohj .cj rfhyeohf# cf |fhèpf# e r|fwecfme# mce ommfppe fcfpp|oheie f pfcfdjpeie# ecrcjmeo fdo{eohjcf `fccj r|orjmjh`j pfcfweyewj f dfèjpeij( Ehpjhpo# iohyocjpe# rf|inå ioco|o infc―njhho meâ oppfhvpf o we ye yoho yoppodfyye# f inf `j fyyf hoh ye mvj|`jho iodf è vh djcfrf|wf|yo# djcfgeio f` ehwjyewo `fc hvowo ropf|f cviegf|eho# o|j mce wf||jhho pocpf pvppf# $m|j{ef j

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r|fpfh`f|f m|jpepvèhf# hoh gj|pe jiifij|f `jcc―o|momceo f `jc ijcioco wfhejcf( Iohèweè pvppo ieü infnje f |ehvhiej je lfhe yvrf|gcve f yf hf nje cj go|{j jhinf j zvfcce iodf r|or|efpâ jyyocvpj f cfmjcfrf| dfppf|ce jc yf|we{eo `fe gf`fce iodf pf# eh vhj fzvj èyp|elv{eohf wf|j f mevypj# yfiohò vh yjho

p|jygf|edfhpo f iohèweyeohf è |eiinf{{j wf|yo ine omme hoh nj hvccj( Jppewjpe# |er|fh`fhòpe ec pvoyji|o Pfdro f jevpjhò ine î yg|vppjpo f `fr|f`jpo `fc yvo Pfdro è IOHWF\YEOHF j r|fh`f|hfioyiefh{j# iodf gjifwjho e Df|if`j|e .ec wf|o ypvoco è yjhpe f lfjpe `fccj Inefyj# ocp|f :622 eh vho



ypfyyo o|èhf |fcemeoyo%# inf òro jwf| celf|jpo yf ypfyye `jcc―EO celf|jwjho mce jcp|e `je rj`|ohe `fcco|o Pfdro f `fccf co|o Jhedf( Jwwej vhj ijpfhj è jdeie gf`fce jccj Yjhpj Wf|epâ# `jc IVO\FJ\@FHPF# doyp|jhò c―edro|pjh{j `fccj \FYECEFH[J IJPPOCEIJ .yvrf|jdfhpo `fc p|jvdj ehyfmvepo jccj –jcefhj{eohf— fivdfheypj rf|rfpvjpj `jc Iohieceo Wjpeijho EE f |epo|ho jc YjhpoWjhmfco f jccj ègfyj `fccj Wf|epâ ehyfmhjpjie `j Mfyõ yv yjcwf{{j fpf|hj# ehgf|ho# mevè{eo f do|pf%#

|ejhedjhò ec wocpo `fccj lfccf{{j i|fjp|eif f wewegeijhpf# e r|fifppe `fccj yvyyeèj|efpâ g|jpf|hj# cjij|epâ rf|go|djhpf ro|pjpj `j Mfyõ yvccj Pf||j dfèjhpf cj Yvj Rj|vyãj .hjyiepj f djhegfypj{eohf%Rjyyeohf# Do|pf f \fyv||f{eohf(

Iohicvyeohf `fccj Ehp|o`v{eohf$ Pfypedohejh{j è Ijpjcehj \ewjy yvccj Yjhpj Dfyyj

Q(((T Î zvfypj cj pfypedohejh{j inf `fwo f womceo `j|f jc dohò ehpf|o# rf| cj djmmeo| Mco|ej è @eoî rf| cj yjcwf{{j è inevhzvf womcej jr|e|f ec r|or|eo ivo|f jc Yemho|f( Jggehinå docpf jhedf#

iohyji|jpf j @eo# |jwweweho ec gvoio `fcc―jdo|f rf| I|eypo# yej zvfccf inf njhho hfccf co|o djhe ecropf|f è gj|co yifh`f|f yvccj pf||j rf| fyyf|f hoyp|o hvp|edfhpo# yej cf jcp|f# jggehinå rf|`jho c―vyoè |eifwf|co –rf| jlepvèhf— f |ewewjho ec df|jwemceoyo ypvro|f `fcc―ehiohp|o zvopeèjho ioh c―jdo|f(Jggehinå e defe g|jpfcce f yo|fccf cjeie è pvppo ec dohò wewjho ec reõ m|jh`f `fe De|jioce ioh ecivo|f; cj ifcfl|j{eohf `fccj Yjhpj Fvij|eypej(

F|j cj wemecej `fc meo|ho `fcc―Jhhvhiej{eohf f hoe pvppe `fc hoyp|o m|vrro f|jwjdo jh`jpe jiohgfyyj|ie( Jcivhf yemho|f `fc m|vrro è r|fmnef|j hoh |evyie|oho j gj|co f |edjh`j|oho cjiohgfyyeohf jc meo|ho yfmvfhpf# r|edj `fccj Yjhpj Dfyyj(

Zvjhò ec meo|ho yfmvfhpf mevhye eh inefyj ioh vh ro― è |epj|ò# ec yemho| J|iewfyiowo f e yjif|òpeypjwjho fhp|jhò meâ hfc r|fylepf|eo( Eh zvfc dodfhpo cj Wf|mehf èyyf Q(((T; –Omme rf| pf î vhmeo|ho è jrr|fhèypjpo f womceo inf pv gjiiej docpj jppfh{eohf rf|inî# è ieü inf yfe pfypedohfomme# òw|je gj|hf rj|pfierf c―vdjhepâ—(

Q(((T Ec yemho| J|iewfyiowo iodehieü cj Yjhpj Dfyyj f mevhpo jcc―Jppo Rfhepfh{ejcf# cj YY( Wf|mehfèyyf; – @jc r|ogohò `fc pvo ivo|f# inefè rf|òho jc Yemho|f rf| pvppf cf pvf iocrf# rf| jwf|cooggfyo# ioyã rop|je rj|pfierj|f `fmhjdfhpf j zvfypo r|ewecfmeo è jyyeypf|f jccj Yjhpj Dfyyj—(

Rf| vhj g|j{eohf è yfiohò rfhyje; –Yoho eh m|j{ej è @eo# de yoho jrrfhj iohgfyyjpj ef|e yf|j—( CjDjòhhj |eyroyf;$ –F pv i|fè inf `j ef|e yf|j hoh nje oggfyo ec Yemho|f? Cjyiej inf pe |eio|è

jcivhf ioyf( Zvjhò ypjwe vyifhò rf| wfhe|f zve# cj |jmj{{j inf pe jevpj pe ye jwweiehü rf| inef`f|pejcivhf ioyf# f roeinå f|e eh |epj|ò# yl|emjpewjdfhpf cf |eyroh`fype eh doò hoh docpo io|pfyf( F― ypjpj vhj djhijh{j è ij|epâ `j rj|pf pvj# f èie è hoh jwf|f oggfyo @eo(((?

Hfccj yp|j`j inf nje gjppo rf| wfhe|f zve# vh jvpolvy pe nj jpp|jwf|yjpo cj yp|j`j f pe nj zvjye v|pjpof pv pe yfe fyr|fyyj eh djhef|j roio iohwfhefhpf iohp|o zvfc rowf|―vodo# ehwfif è wfhe|f eh inefyjj gj|f cf pvf o|j{eohe# r|frj|jhòpe rf| cj Yjhpj Dfyyj( Nje djhijpo è ij|epâ f nje rf|yo cj rjif#cj rj{efh{j( F èie è hoh jwf| oggfyo ec Yemho|f?(((

F j||ewe jcc―vcpedo dodfhpo# zvjhò meâ cj r|oifyyeohf `fe ifcfl|jhpe ypj vyifhò rf| ifcfl|j|f cj Dfyyj((( f ypje rf| rj|pfierj|we yfh{j vhj r|fwej r|frj|j{eohf(((—(

Q(((T – Rf|inî j||ewj|f jcc―vcpedo dodfhpo? @ow|fypf fyyf|f zve r|edj# rf| ropf| gj|f vhj r|fmnef|jf inef`f|f jc Yemho|f è djh`j|f ec Yvo Yjhpo Yre|epo# rf|inî we iohif`j vho yre|epo è rjif inf



yijiie wej co yre|epo `fc dohò# cf r|foiivrj{eohe# e r|olcfde f cf èyp|j{eohe# f ropf| fyyf|f ioyã ijrjie è wewf|f zvfypo dodfhpo pjhpo yji|o( Ehwfif j||ewjpf zvjye jcc―ehe{eo `fccj ifcfl|j{eohf f we

rj|pfierjpf iodf yf jh`jypf j` jyyeypf|f j` vh fwfhpo zvjcyejye# yfh{j hfyyvhj r|frj|j{eohf yre|epvjcf( Rf|inå? F― ec de|jioco reõ m|jh`f# f woe jwfpf cj royyelecepâ è wewf|f ec dodfhpo `fc reõm|jh`f |fmjco `j rj|pf `fcc―Jcpeyyedo# dj hoh co yjrfpf jrr|f{{j|f—(

F|j vh meo|ho è gfypj f ye òwfwj |fiepj|f ec Mco|ej( Hoyp|j Yemho|j èyyf; – Mco|egeij f lfhfèie iohpvppo ec pvo jdo|f cj Yjhpeyyedj P|ehepâ# |eiohoyifhòpe vhj Yvj i|fjpv|j—(

J||ewü ec dodfhpo `fccj Cepv|mej `fccj Rj|ocj f cj Wf|mehf de gfif |erfpf|f; – Yemho|f# womceo ommejyiocpj|f cj Pvj Rj|ocj f `j|f g|vppo jlloh`jhpf1 inf ec Pvo Yjhpo Yre|epo dohè ec pf||fho `fc deoivo|f# rf|inî cj Pvj Rj|ocj i|fyij f ye ywecvrre# rv|egeij ec deo ivo|f rf|inî yej lfh èyroypo—(

–Womceo inf pv ypej jppfhpj jccf cfppv|f f j pvppj c―odfcej `fc yjif|òpf( \eio|`j inf cj Lellej èifinf cj Rj|ocj è @eo hoh |epo|hj yfh{j jwf| `jpo g|vppo( Yf ypje jppfhpj# |fypf|â zvjcioyj eh pf èpvppo zvfcco inf jyiocpe( @fwe if|ij|f è |eio|`j|f pvppo ec meo|ho zvfccf Rj|ocf# inf njhho cjyiejpo

eh pf vh―edr|ohpj( Rop|jhho fyyf|f vhj wocpj `vf g|jye# roe yj|â c―ehpf|j cfppv|j `fc Wjhmfco#zvjcinf wocpj yoco vhj rj|ocj# `j jyyjro|j|f rf| ec |fypo `fc meo|ho1 zvfypo ye gj|â ij|hf eh pf

rf|inî î zvfypj cj djhef|j è p|jygo|dj|f cj wepj# f gj|f eh doò inf cj rj|ocj è @eo p|jygo|de—(

–F o|j# ècco jc Yemho|f inf yfe zve rf| jyiocpj|f ieü inf pv wvoe inf Fmce èij omme jc pvo ivo|f—(

\ehm|j{eo hvowjdfhpf @eo rf|inå de `â c―orro|pvhepâ è jyiocpj|f cj Yvj Rj|ocj1 inefò rf|òhorf| jwf| djhpfhvpo vh ivo|f pjhpo `v|o rf| ioyã pjhpe jhhe f rf| jwf| ehyfmhjpo je defe gemce j`jh`j|f jccj Dfyyj cj òdfheij rf|inå ioyã iodjh`jwj cj Inefyj# f hoh rf| jdo|f f rf| ec leyomhoè |efdre|ye è @eo(((

Eo inf jwfwo jyyeypepo j pjhpf Fvij|eypef# reõ inf jcp|o iodf vh ollcemo# f jwfwo i|f`vpo ioh zvfypoè fyyf|f yjcwj((((( @e wewf|cj# hfddfho rf| yomho# è ro||f jppfh{eohf jccf cfppv|f f jccj odfcej `fcyjif|òpf jhio| dfho( Zvjcf òco|f no r|owjpo rf| pjhpe jhhe rf|ye ehvpecdfhpf# j ijvyj `fccj dejemho|jh{j*((( Zvjhpj yvrf|geiejcepâ hfccf Dfyyf jccf zvjce jyyeypejdo zvjhò i―î vh djp|edoheo# ovhj Dfyyj `j do|po# orrv|f rf|inå ie pfhejdo j gj|ie wf`f|f `jmce jcp|e* Zvjhpj emho|jh{j |emvj|òzvfypj hoyp|j Inefyj f |emvj|ò e Yji|jdfhpe* Zvjhpo yr|fio hfc wocf| eyp|ve|ie f iocpewj|ie hfccfioyf `fc dohò# inf eh vh dodfhpo royyoho yrj|e|f yfh{j inf hvccj |edjhmj# f inf jccj gehf `fccjwepj hoh ie yf|woho hfjhinf j` jmmevhmf|f vh dehvpo jccj hoyp|j fyeypfh{j* Dj è zvfcco inf ie gj|âmvj`jmhj|f vh roio è iefco yvccj pf||j f roe cj wepj fpf|hj# hoh yjrrejdo hefhpf* F ie iohye`f|ejdovodehe f òhhf eyp|vepe(((*

Vh jppedo òro ye j||ewü jcc―Oggf|po|eo f cj Wf|mehf Yjhpeyyedj èyyf; – \fiepj ioyã; ¡Yemho|f# Peogg|o pvppo ieü inf yoho# zvfcco inf no# zvfcco inf royyo# pvppo rohmo hfccf Pvf djhe( Fcfwj Pv#Yemho|f# zvfc roio inf eo yoho( Rf| e df|epe `fc Pvo Gemceo# p|jygo|djde# @eo Jcpeyyedo( Pe yvrrceio

rf| cj dej gjdemcej# rf| e defe lfhfgjppo|e# rf| omhe dfdl|o `fc hoyp|o jroypocjpo# rf| pvppf cf rf|yohf inf ie iodljppoho# rf| zvfcce inf ye |jiiodjh`jho jccf def rowf|f r|fmnef|f((( Ehyfmhjdej` vdecej|f ec deo ivo|f jggehinå ec co|o ijddeho yej dfho `v|o*± F― ioyã inf r|fmjwjho e Yjhpe fioyã womceo inf gjiiejpf woe—(

Q(((T Jcc―edr|owweyo# iodehiej|oho j` jc{j|ye eh refè `fccf rf|yohf inf hoh jwfwo weypo r|edj( F|jiodf yf `jc gejhio è omhe rf|yohj inf ye p|owjwj hfccj Ijppf`|jcf# vyieyyf vh―jcp|j rf|yohj( Cj

inefyj ye |efdrã ioyã è wj|ef rf|yohf meowjhe f lfccf# wfypepf ioh pvheinf lejhineyyedf( Ye è|fyyf|ogeho jc io||eòeo ifhp|jcf r|oif`fhò roe wf|yo c―jcpj|f(



@eyyf hoyp|j Dj`|f; –Oyyf|wj# yoho mce Jhmfce Ivypoè è omhvhj `fccf rf|yohf inf ye p|owjho zve( F― ec dodfhpo hfc zvjcf ec woyp|o Jhmfco Ivypo`f ro|pj cf woyp|f oggf|pf f r|fmnef|f jcc―Jcpj|f `fc Yemho|f—(

Q(((T Jcivhe è co|o ro|pjwjho vh wjyyoeo `―o|o ioh zvjcioyj inf |eyrcfh`fwj è vhj cvif lejhio$

ò|jpj( @eyyf cj Wf|mehf; –Yoho mce jhmfce Ivypoè inf ypjhho ogg|fhò zvfypj Yjhpj Dfyyj rf| docpf wj|ef ehpfh{eohe# è zvfccf rf|yohf inf yoho ioyiefhpe è ieü inf yemhegeij zvfypj ifcfl|j{eohf#è zvfccf inf njhho zvjcioyj `j ogg|e|f jc Yemho|f(((

Eh zvfypo dodfhpo(((# ogg|epf cf woyp|f rfhf# e woyp|e òco|e# cf woyp|f yrf|jh{f# cf woyp|f meoef fp|eypf{{f# cf woyp|f |einefypf( \eio|`jpfwe inf cj Dfyyj nj vh wjco|f ehgehepo# zvehè yejpf mfhf|oyehfcc―ogg|e|f f hfc inef`f|f—(

@efp|o je r|ede Jhmfce# hf wfhewjho jcp|e inf hoh jwfwjho hefhpf hfccf djhe# cf jwfwjho wvopf(@eyyf cj Wf|mehf; –Yoho mce Jhmfce `fccf rf|yohf inf rv| fyyfhò zve# hoh ogg|oho dje hefhpf# infhoh yoho ehpf|fyyjpf j wewf|f omhe dodfhpo cepv|meio `fccj Dfyyj f hoh njhho oggf|pf `j ro|pj|f

jcc―jcpj|f `fc Yemho|f—(

Rf| vcpede# we f|jho `fmce jcp|e Jhmfce inf f|jho revppoypo p|eype# ioh cf djhe mevhpf eh r|fmnef|j# djioh mce oiine ljyye; –Yoho mce Jhmfce Ivypoè `fccf rf|yohf inf rv| fyyfhò zve# î iodf yf hoh ie

goyyf|o# wjcf j è|f `fccf rf|yohf inf yoho wfhvpf rf| go|{j# inf yoho wfhvpf rf|inî ye yfhpohoollcemjpf# dj yfh{j hfyyvh `fye`f|eo è rj|pfierj|f jccj Yjhpj Dfyyj# f ioyã mce Jhmfce wjhhop|eypfdfhpf rf|inî hoh njhho hefhpf `j ro|pj|f jcc―Jcpj|f# yjcwo cf r|or|ef r|fmnef|f(

Hoh ehp|eypepf ec woyp|o Jhmfco Ivypo`f((( R|fmjpf docpo# r|fmjpf rf| cj iohwf|yeohf `fe rfiijpo|e# r|fmjpf rf| cj rjif hfc dohò# rf| e woyp|e gjdemcej|e# rf| ec woyp|o r|oyyedo f rf| zvfcce inf ye|jiiodjh`jho jccf woyp|f r|fmnef|f( R|fmjpf# r|fmjpf docpo# hoh yoco rf| woe# dj jhinf rf| mcejcp|e(

\eio|`jpfwe inf c―oggf|pj reõ m|jèpj jc Yemho|f cj gjpf zvjhò ogg|epf woe ypfyye iodf ocoijvypo#jggehinå Mfyõ# hfcco yifh`f|f# we p|jygo|de ioh e Yvoe r|or|e df|epe( Ioyj jwfpf `j ogg|e|f jc Rj`|finf yej yoco woyp|o? Ec hvccj f` ec rfiijpo# dj yf we ogg|epf eh vheohf je df|epe è Mfyõ# zvfcc―oggf|pj î m|jèpj jc Rj`|f—(

.Ijpjcehj wf`f o|j pjhpf rf|yohf wfypepf ioh pvheinf è wj|e ioco|e% Pvppe zvfype ye ehmehoiinejwjhojc ijhpo –Yjhpo# Yjhpo# Yjhpo ec Yemho|f(((—( Hoyp|j Yemho|j èyyf; –Yoho pvppe e Yjhpe f e Lfjpe `fcIefco f g|j è fyye we yoho jhinf cf jhedf `fe woyp|e gjdecej|e inf moòho meâ `fccj R|fyfh{j è

@eo—( Q(((T Cj Wf|mehf èyyf; –Pe iocreyif ec gjppo è wf`f|de vh roio reõ ehèfp|o è Dohyemho|f Qecifcfl|jhpf1 H(`(P(T# wf|o? Dj ioyã `fwf fyyf|f((( Rf| zvjhpo de jde# ec Gemceo Deo hoh De nj `jpo cjèmhepâ inf `â j` vh yjif|òpf# è ropf|co iohpehvjdfhpf ro|pj|f zvopeèjhjdfhpf p|j cf Def djhe#iodf co gjhho cf djhe yjif|òpjce( Fiio rf|inî r|owo vh r|ogohèyyedo |eyrfppo rf| ec yjif|òpf f

rf| zvfc de|jioco inf @eo |fjce{{j rf| yvo df{{o# f inf de ollcemj zve j` ehmehoiinej|de—(

@eo deo# zvjhpj èmhepâ# zvjhpj m|j{ej |ewf|yj ec Yemho|f yvccf jhedf yjif|òpjce# f hoe hoh hf yejdoioyiefhpe# f pjcwocpj# hfddfho pjhpe è co|o*

@e g|ohpf jcc―jcpj|f iodehiej|oho j r|fyfhpj|ye `fccf odl|f è rf|yohf è ioco|f m|emeo# infyoccfwjwjho cf djhe wf|yo c―jcpo( @eyyf cj Wf|mehf Yjhpeyyedj; –Yoho jhedf lfhf`fppf `fcRv|mjpo|eo inf jyrfppjho cf woyp|f r|fmnef|f rf| p|owj|f |fg|emf|eo( Hoh ifyyjpf è r|fmj|f rf|



co|o( R|fmjho rf| woe# dj hoh royyoho r|fmj|f rf| co|o ypfyyf# yefpf woe inf òwfpf r|fmj|f rf| co|o# rf| jevpj|cf j` vyie|f rf| ehiohp|j|ye ioh @eo f mo`f|f fpf|hjdfhpf è Cve(

Iodf wfè# Eo yoho zve yfdr|f((( Cj mfhpf gj rfccfm|ehjmme# if|ij e cvomne `fccf jrrj|e{eohe# fzvfypo wj lfhf rf| pvppf cf m|j{ef inf ye |eifwoho eh zvfe cvomne# dj eh hfyyvhj jrrj|e{eohf# eh

hfyyvh cvomo Eo yoho r|fyfhpf rf| reõ pfdro# iodf `v|jhpf cj Yjhpj Dfyyj( Je refè `fcc―Jcpj|fòwf ye ifcfl|j c―Fvij|eypej# yfdr|f De rop|fpf p|owj|f1 Eo |edjhmo je refè `fc Pjlf|hj iocoehyefdf jmce Jhmfce# rf|inî Eo ypo yfdr|f ioh Cve—(

Co èio ioh òco|f; cj djmmeo|jh{j `fmce vodehe# jhio| reõ `fccf òhhf# yf hf ypjhho eh refèQ`v|jhpf cj iohyji|j{eohfT ioh cf l|jiiej ehi|oiejpf iodf yf òwfyyf|o |fh`f|f vh odjmmeo jcYemho|f `j rj|e j rj|e# `j vmvjcf j` vmvjcf( @eyyf cj Wf|mehf; – @ecco jmce fyyf|e vdjhe# inf dje vhvodo î ioyã `jwwf|o vodo iodf zvjhò refmj cf mehoiinej `jwjhpe j @eo—(

Ec ifcfl|jhpf r|ohvhieü cf rj|ocf `fccj –Iohyji|j{eohf—( F|j vhj rf|yohj è ypjpv|j ho|djcf# djjcc―edr|owweyo iodehieü j i|fyif|f# j |efdre|ye è cvif# è vhj cvif yor|jhhjpv|jcf# p|j ec lejhio f ec

ò|jpo inf co jwwocmfwj# f èwfhpjwj go|peyyedj hfccj rj|pf `fc wocpo# pjhpo inf hoh ye ropfwjho reõwf`f|f e yvoe cehfjdfhpe( Zvjhò yoccfwü c―Oypej# weè inf cf yvf djhe jwfwjho yvc ò|yo `fe yfmhe#`je zvjce vyiewj docpj cvif( F|j Mfyõ*((( F|j Cve inf ioh ec Yvo Io|ro jwwocmfwj zvfcco `fcifcfl|jhpf( Q(((T

Eypehpewjdfhpf jlljyyje cj pfypj f Hoyp|j Yemho|j èyyf; – Hoh èypomcef|f co ymvj|ò# jc{j mce oiine#iohpfdrcjco# ehi|oiej ec pvo ymvj|ò ioh ec Yvo f |erfpe cj r|fmnef|j è Gjpedj; ¡Mfyõ deo# eoi|fò# jò|o yrf|o f Pe jdo( Pe inefò rf|òho rf| pvppe zvfcce inf hoh i|fòho# hoh jò|jho# hohyrf|jho f hoh pe jdjho±( Rf|òho f Deyf|eio|èj((( J`fyyo èmce zvjhpo co jde# |fhè ec pvoodjmmeo jc \f `fe \f—(

Q(((T Hoh jrrfhj Dohyemho|f r|ohvhieü cf rj|ocf `fccj Iohyji|j{eohf `fc weho# ehyefdf jccf yvfrj|ocf# ehiodehiej|oho j` jrrj|e|f `fe ljmceo|e iodf cjdre# hfc iefco f yvcco ygohò( Cj inefyj hohjwfwj reõ hå pfppo# hå rj|fpe# pvppo f|j lveo# we f|j yocjdfhpf zvfccj cvif inf l|eccjwj hfcc―Jcpj|f(

Jcc―edr|owweyo yoyrfyo eh j|ej weè Mfyõ I|oiegeyyo# `jccj pfypj yeho jccj rj|pf ljyyj `fc po|jif( Ecp|ohio p|jywf|yjcf `fccj i|oif f|j yoypfhvpo `j m|jhè f go|pe djhe( @jc ifhp|o è zvfcco yrcfhò|f# yeèypjiiü vh reiioco cvdf iodf vhj iocodlj docpo reiiocj f docpo l|eccjhpf inf# gjppo wfcoifdfhpfec me|o `fccj inefyj# ye royü yvccj yrjccj yeheyp|j `fc yemho| J|iewfyiowo Qec ifcfl|jhpf1 H(`(\(T# infiohpehvjwj j` fyyf|f Mfyõ# rf|inî ropfwo èypehmvf|f cj Yvj ijremcejpv|j# cf Yvf rejmnf cvdehoyf# ecYvo m|jhèoyo io|ro# dj hoh wf`fwo ec Yvo wocpo(

Eh jcpo# Mfyõ I|oiegeyyo# ypjwj ioh ec weyo |ficehjpo yvccj yrjccj `fyp|j( Ye wf`fwjho yvc wocpo f yvccfl|jiiej e yfmhe `fe iocre f `fccf gf|epf( Yvc ioypjpo `fyp|o# jcc―jcpf{{j `fc rfppo# we f|j vhj gf|epj `j ivevyiewj j geoppe wf|yo yeheyp|j `fc yjhmvf# f wf|yo `fyp|j zvjcioyj inf yfdl|jwj jizvj# rf|ü docpol|eccjhpf1 dj f|jho revppoypo gjyie è cvif zvfcce inf ye è|emfwjho wf|yo e gf`fce# dvowfhòye j`fyp|j f j yeheyp|j( De ypvrewj cj zvjhpepâ è yjhmvf inf p|jloiijwj `jc Ijceif f rfhyje inf jw|fllfedr|fmhjpo f djiinejpo pvppo c―Jcpj|f# dj hoh hf ij``f vhj yocj moiiej*

Eh zvfc dodfhpo cj Wf|mehf èyyf; –Pf c―no meâ |erfpvpo# zvfypo î ec de|jioco `fe de|jioce# rf| ecYemho|f hoh fyeypoho hå pfdro# hå èypjh{j f hfc dodfhpo `fccj Iohyji|j{eohf# pvppj c―Jyyfdlcfjwefhf p|jyro|pjpj je refè `fc Ijcwj|eo hfcc―eypjhpf `fccj I|oiegeyyeohf è Mfyõ—(

Rvü zvjcivho eddjmehj|yfco? E hoyp|e oiine hoh co royyoho wf`f|f# dj pvppe yejdo câ# hfcco ypfyyododfhpo hfc zvjcf co ypjhho i|oifgemmfhò f dfhp|f inef`f rf|òho jc Rj`|f# hoh yocjdfhpf rf|



zvfcce inf co viieòho# dj rf| omhvho `fe hoyp|e rfiijpe; –Rj`|f# rf|òhjce rf|inå hoh yjhho zvfccoinf gjhho*—(

J rj|pe|f `j zvfc meo|ho# hoh de edro|pj yf de r|fhòho rf| rj{{j# eo inefò j pvppe èehmehoiinej|ye# inefò j pvppe è if|ij|f è wewf|f ioh ec ivo|f f ioh pvppj cj yfhyelecepâ è ive yoho

ijrjie zvfc r|ewecfmeo inf ec Yemho|f ie iohif`f(

Zvjhò ypjwjdo rf| iodehiej|f j r|fmj|f ec Rj`|f Hoyp|o# rj|cü ec Yemho|f# rf| cj r|edj wocpj`v|jhpf cj ifcfl|j{eohf# f èyyf; –Fiio# womceo inf pv r|fmne ioh cj djmmeo|f r|ogohèpâ è ive yfeijrjif f inf# eh zvfypo dodfhpo# pe |eio|è `fccj rf|yohj o `fccf rf|yohf inf pe njhho ijvyjpo reõdjcf hfccj pvj wepj# jggehinå pv ce jll|jiie f èij co|o ioh pvppo ec ivo|f; ¡Hfc Hodf è Mfyõ eo pe

rf|òho f pe jvmv|o cj rjif( Hfc Hodf è Mfyõ eo pe inefò rf|òho f `fye`f|o cj dej rjif±( Yfzvfypj rf|yohj df|epj cj rjif# cj |eifwf|â f hf jw|â vh m|jh lfhf1 yf zvfypj rf|yohj hoh î ijrjifè jr|e|ye jccj rjif# cj rjif po|hf|â jc pvo ivo|f( Dj hoh womceo inf pv |eifwj o èj cj rjif j` jcp|f

rf|yohf# geho j zvjhò hoh yfe ijrjif è rf|òhj|f f è r|owj|f zvfccj rjif `jrr|edj hfc pvoivo|f—(

–Gjpf jppfh{eohf j zvfcco inf gjpf— $ iohpehvü ec Yemho|f $ –Woe |erfpfpf hfc Rj`|f Hoyp|o; rf|òhjie iodf hoe rf|òhejdo zvfcce inf ie oggfhòho( Yf yefpf ijrjie è rf|òhj|f f hoh# iodfèioho jcivhe# è èdfhpeij|f# ypjpf dfppfhò `fccf iohè{eohe j @eo( Ypjpf èifhò; rf|òhjdeyocpjhpo iodf eo yoho ijrjif è rf|òhj|f# hoh è reõ—(

Hoh yo iodf yrefmj|f ec deo òco|f# hfc iodr|fh`f|f zvjhpo royyejdo gf|e|f ec Yemho|f f zvjhporoyyejdo gj|f djcf j hoe ypfyye ioh pjhpe |jhio|e# ioh e ijppewe yfhpedfhpe f cf ioyf l|vppf infhjyioho `je iodrcfyye f `jccj yvyifppelecepâ( Rf|òhje# rf|òhje è ivo|f f inefye rf|òho j pvppezvfcce inf pjcwocpj de jwfwjho oggfyo# rf| yfhpe|f cj rjif `fc Yemho|f(

Q(((T J||ewü ec dodfhpo `fccj Iodvheohf `fe ifcfl|jhpe Q(((T cj Wf|mehf èyyf; –Zvfypo î ec dodfhpoè r|fmj|f rf| ec ifcfl|jhpf f rf| e yjif|òpe inf co jiiodrjmhjho# |erfpe ioh df; Yemho|f#lfhfèiece# yjhpegeijce# jevpjce# rv|egeijce# jdjce# jllehf iv|j# yoypefhece ioh ec pvo jdo|f(((

\eio|`jpfwe è pvppe e yjif|òpe `fc dohò# r|fmjpf rf| pvppf cf jhedf iohyji|jpf(((—(

Jdjpe g|jpfcce# zvfypo î ec dodfhpo eh ive òllejdo r|fmj|f rf|inå co|o yoho cj Inefyj# ioyã iodfco yejdo jhinf hoe cjeie( Docpf wocpf e cjeie fyemoho docpo `je yjif|òpe# rf|ü yejdo ehijrjie èr|fmj|f rf| co|o# è ijre|f inf yoho rf|yohf vdjhf# è iodr|fh`f|f f jrr|f{{j|f cj yocepvèhf infdocpo yrfyyo rvü ie|ioh`j|f vh yjif|òpf(

@ollejdo ijre|f inf e yjif|òpe yoho rf|yohf iodf hoe f inf njhho leyomho è iodr|fhyeohf# èjyyeypfh{j# inf njhho leyomho è jggfppo f è jppfh{eohe `j rj|pf hoyp|j# rf|inå ypjhho `jhò cj co|owepj rf| omhvho è hoe# iodf Mfyõ# iohyji|jhòye j Cve(

Ec Yemho|f wvocf inf cj mfhpf `fc m|fmmf inf @eo nj jgge`jpo co|o# r|fmne f jevpe ec r|or|eo Rjypo|f jyjhpegeij|ye( Vh meo|ho o c―jcp|o# zvjhò yj|fdo `jcc―jcp|j rj|pf# iodr|fh`f|fdo cj df|jwemcejiodrevpj `jc Yemho|f hfc `j|ie `fe yjif|òpe inf ie jevpjho j yjcwj|f cj hoyp|j jhedj(

Q(((T Cj mfhpf iodehieü j` vyie|f `je ljhine rf| jh`j|f j iodvheij|ye Q(((T Ec Yemho|f de èyyf;– Jyrfppj vh dodfhpo# womceo inf pv oyyf|we zvjcioyj(((—( Rf| vh edrvcyo ehpf|eo|f jc{je mce oiinegeho jccj rf|yohj inf jh`jwj j r|fh`f|f cj iodvheohf hfccj cehmvj `jccf djhe `fc yjif|òpf( @fwo

r|fieyj|f inf zvfypj rf|yohj Q(((T hoh ye f|j ropvpj iohgfyyj|f cj yf|j r|edj f co gfif zvfccj djppehj#r|edj `fccj Yjhpj Dfyyj( Zvjhò ec yjif|òpf fllf roypo cj Yji|j Oypej yvccj yvj cehmvj# we gv iodfvh cjdro è cvif1 zvfccj cvif è ioco|f lejhio ò|jpo ehpfhyo# jpp|jwf|yü zvfypj rf|yohj r|edj `jccj



yrjccj f roe ie|ioh`jhò cj yrjccj# mce odf|e f cj pfypj( @eyyf ec Yemho|f; – F― ioyã inf Eo Deiodrejiieo hfcc―jll|jiiej|f vh―jhedj inf wefhf j |eifwf|de ioc ivo|f rv|o*—( Ec poho è Mfyõ f|jzvfcco è vhj rf|yohj iohpfhpj(

Q(((T Zvjhò de è|fyye j |eifwf|f cj iodvheohf# Mfyõ de |erfpå; – C―Vcpedj Ifhj gv ec dodfhpo è

djmmeo|f ehpedepâ ioh e Defe( Eh zvfcc―o|j `fcc―jdo|f# eypepvee zvfcco inf jmce oiine `fmce vodehe rop|fllf yfdl|j|f cj reõ m|jh`f rj{{ej# gj|de r|emeohef|o `―Jdo|f( Eypepvee c―Fvij|eypej( Wocce|edjhf|f ioh woe geho jccj gehf `fe yfioce# rf|inî ec Deo Jdo|f hoh ropfwj yorro|pj|f inf|edjhfyyf|o o|gjhe zvfcce inf jdjwo reõ `fccj Dej Wepj(((—(

Q(((T Zvjhò po|hje jc deo roypo# dfhp|f de ehmehoiinejwo ec Yemho|f de èyyf; – Jyiocpj(((—( Qeh zvfcdodfhpo vhj yemho|j# yf`vpj `jwjhpe j Ijpjcehj inf jwfwj jrrfhj r|fyo cj Iodvheohf# yfh{j jr|e|f

loiij èyyfT; –Yemho|f# |eio|`jpe inf yejdo jccj gehf `fc dfyf f inf hoh no e yocè rf| rjmj|fc―jggeppo# cj |jpj `fccj djiinehj# ec ioccfmeo fe ljdlehe# fwe gj|f zvjcioyj rf| jevpj|de((( Rf| gjwo|f#gj inf deo dj|epo ydfppj è lf|f pjhpo# hoh royyo yorro|pj|f reõ cf yvf vl|ejinf{{f# f deo gemceodeho|f rf|`f|â è hvowo c―jhho yf hoh co jevpe# zvfypj yfppedjhj nj mce fyjde((( f hoh ` edfhpeij|pe

`fccj weiehj inf `fwf ijdlej|f ijyj# inf co gjiiej vhj lvohj wocpj rf|inî eo hoh cj royyoyorro|pj|f(((—(

Q(((T Mfyõ de èyyf ioh vh poho p|eypf; –Pe yfe |fyj iohpo? Hoh de nj `fppo vhj yocj wocpj inf Dejdj# hoh vhj yocj wocpj nj `jpo yfmhe è m|jpepvèhf rf| ec òho inf cf no gjppo è gj| yifh`f|f cj

Dej @ewehepâ geho jccj yvj rowf|j vdjhepâ# rf| fcfwj|cj j Df( Hoh vhj yocj wocpj nj `fppo; ¡m|j{ef#Yemho|f±( F― ypjpj vhj cepjhej è |einefypf((( f yoho ioyã zvjye pvppe zvfcce inf wfhmoho j |eifwf|de(

Eo yoho do|po rf| jdo|f f yoho |eyvyiepjpo( Rf| jdo|f jyrfppo omhvho è woe f rf| jdo|f |edjhmoioh woe((( dj woe hoh we |fh`fpf iohpo `fc gjppo inf Eo no leyomho `fc woyp|o jdo|f( \eio|`j infYoho ec Dfhèijhpf `―Jdo|f eh zvfyp―o|j yvlcedf rf| c―jhedj—(

Q(((T Zvjhò ec ifcfl|jhpf ypjwj rf| edrj|pe|f cj lfhfè{eohf# cj Wf|mehf Yjhpeyyedj èyyf; –Gjejppfh{eohf# oyyf|wj lfhf((( Ehwfif è gj|f ec yfmho `fccj I|oif# woe gjpf vh mne|emo|o( \eio|`j infzvfypj lfhfè{eohf rvü fyyf|f c―vcpedj inf |eifwe hfc cj pvj wepj `jccj djho è vh yjif|òpf( Pv hoh

yje yf vyifhò `j zve# do|e|je o ho# f hoh yje yf jw|je c―orro|pvhepâ inf vh jcp|o yjif|òpf pe èjvhj lfhfè{eohf( Zvfccf djhe iohyji|jpf pe ypjhho `jhò cj lfhfè{eohf hfc Hodf `fccj YjhpeyyedjP|ehepâ# rf| pjhpo# gje ec Yfmho `fccj I|oif ioh |eyrfppo f iodf yf goyyf c―vcpedo `fccj pvj wepj—(

Q(((T Qyvlepo òro cj gehf `fccj Dfyyj# Mfyõ èyyf;T – Hoh jh`jpf wej è io|yj òro pf|dehjpj cj Dfyyj# |edjhfpf vh dodfhpo eh Dej iodrjmhej# p|jfpfhf r|ogeppo f cjyiejpf inf jhinf Eo royyj

p|j||f r|ogeppo `jccj woyp|j iodrjmhej(((—( Q((( Ijpjcehj inef`f j Mfyõ;T Yemho|f zvjhpo |edjhe `jwwf|o# òro cj iodvheohf? Yvrrohmo inf ecYemho|f jllej |eyo `fccj dej ehmfhvepâ# rf|inå èyyf; –Pvppo ec pfdro inf pv wo||je pfhf|de ioh pf( Yfde rj|ce `v|jhpf pvppo ec meo|ho# `fèijhòde zvjcinf rj|ocj `v|jhpf cf pvf gjiifh`f# Eo pejyiocpf|ü( Eo yoho yfdr|f ioh woe# yefpf woe inf we jccohpjhjpf `j Df( Vyiepf `jccj Dfyyj# f rf| zvfcmeo|ho î zvjhpo ljypj1 jwfpf oyyf|wjpo ec meo|ho `fc Yemho|f# f pvppo geheyif cã# f hoh rfhyjpf inf De

rejif|fllf iohèwe`f|f cj woyp|j wepj gjdecej|f ioh woe jcdfho eh zvfc meo|ho(

Woe hfccf woyp|f ijyf jwfpf vh cvomo rf| pvppo# f vhj ypjh{j rf| omhe jppewepâ; vhj ijdf|j rf|

ò|de|f# vh―jcp|j rf| iviehj|f# vhj rf| djhmej|f# fii(( Zvjc―î ec cvomo inf njhho `fypehjpo j Df?

@fwf fyyf|f vh cvomo hfc zvjcf hoh yocpjhpo pfhfpf vhj eddjmehf rf|djhfhpfdfhpf edrocwf|jpj#dj vh cvomo hfc zvjcf jcdfho rf| iehzvf dehvpe jc meo|ho cj gjdemcej ye |evheyif j |ehm|j{ej|f rf|



cj meo|hjpj# rf| ec òho `fccj wepj# j r|fmj|f rf| cf hfifyyepâ zvopeèjhf# inef`f|f lfhfè{eohe# r|opf{eohf# yjcvpf((( Pvppe njhho vh roypo hfccf woyp|f ijyf# p|jhhf Eo(

Mce vodehe r|om|jddjho cj co|o meo|hjpj# cj yfppedjhj# ec yfdfyp|f# cf wjijh{f fii(( Yjhho ehzvjcf meo|ho |eroyf|jhho# eh inf meo|ho jh`|jhho jc iehfdj o j` vhj gfypj# j weyepj|f cj hohhj o e

herope# e gemce# mce jdeie# zvjhò jh`|jhho j èwf|pe|ye( Dj zvjhpf gjdemcef èioho jcdfho vhj wocpjjc dfyf; ¡Zvfypo î ec meo|ho eh ive òllejdo jh`j|f j weyepj|f Mfyõ hfc Pjlf|hjioco± f pvppj cj gjdemcej wefhf j gj|f iohwf|yj{eohf ioh Df# j yf`f|ye è g|ohpf j Df f j rj|cj|de# j |jiiohpj|deieü inf î jiij`vpo hfmce vcpede meo|he# |jiiohpj|de e r|olcfde# cf èggeiocpâ inf njhho# inef`f|deieü è ive njhho hfifyyepâ((( Gj|de rj|pfierf `fccf co|o gjiifh`f* Zvjhpf wocpf?

Eo yo pvppo# cfmmo hfc reõ r|ogohò `fe woyp|e ivo|e f `fccf woyp|f dfhpe# rf|ü De rejif inf yejpf woej |jiiohpj|de cf woyp|f ioyf# inf df hf gjiiejpf rj|pfierf iodf vho `fccj gjdemcej# iodf iohc―jdeio reõ ehpedo( Zvjhpf m|j{ef rf|`f c―vodo rf|inî hoh De `â vh roypo hfccj yvj wepj(((—(

Q(((T –Wocce yjcwj|f cj Dej i|fjpv|j# rf|inî ec dodfhpo è jr|e|cf cj ro|pj `fc Iefco î ypjpo refho è

p|orro òco|f(((

\eio|`j inf hfyyvhj dj`|f nj hvp|epo ec r|or|eo gemceo ioh cj yvj ij|hf( Eo yoho j||ewjpo j zvfypofiifyyo `―Jdo|f rf| iodvheij|we e Defe df|epe(

Cj Yjhpj Dfyyj yoho Eo ypfyyo inf r|ocvhmo cj Dej wepj f ec Deo Yji|egeieo yvccj I|oif eh df{{o jwoe( Yfh{j e df|epe `fccj Dej Wepj f `fc Deo Yjhmvf# inf ioyj jwfpf woe rf| r|fyfhpj|we `jwjhpe jcRj`|f? Ec hvccj# cj deyf|ej# ec rfiijpo(((

Woe òw|fypf yo|rjyyj|f eh we|põ mce Jhmfce f mce J|ijhmfce# rf|inî co|o hoh njhho cj go|pvhj è|eifwf|de iodf jcedfhpo# woe yã( Fyye lfwoho vhj moiiej `fccj yo|mfhpf# dj woe inf jwfpf cj m|j{ejè |eifwf|de# ropfpf lf|f pvppo c―oifjho(((—(

C―jcp|j ioyj è ive ec Yemho|f de rj|cü ioh òco|f gv è zvfccf rf|yohf inf ye ehiohp|jho ioh Cve rf| jlepvèhf( @e zvfccf inf njhho rf|yo ec df|jwemceoyo ypvro|f è omhe ehiohp|o ioh Cve( @e iodfc―jlepvèhf gjiiej èwfhpj|f if|pf rf|yohf ioyã pefre`f inf hoh njhho dje hefhpf è hvowo `j è|f jMfyõ zvjhò Co |eifwoho( @fccf hoh roinf jhedf iohyji|jpf inf rf|òho c―fhpvyejydo èehhjdo|j|ye `fc Yemho|f f gjhho `fccj co|o woij{eohf vh dfypef|f# vhj r|ogfyyeohf# jccj zvjcf hoh ye`fèijho reõ è zvjhpo yej hfifyyj|eo# dj yfh{j yfhpedfhpo(((

Zvehè ec Yemho|f de rj|cü `fe g|vppe inf omhe iodvheohf `fwf ro|pj|f eh hoe( Jiij`f ehgjppe inf ie

yej `fccj mfhpf inf |eifwf ec Yemho|f omhe meo|ho# dj hoh ijdlej cj r|or|ej wepj(@fèijho docpf o|f jccj r|fmnef|j# iodreoho docpf orf|f# fii( fii(# dj cj co|o wepj hoh yep|jygo|dj# f vhj wepj inf hoh ye p|jygo|dj hoh rvü `j|f g|vppe jvpfhpeie rf| ec Yemho|f( E df|epe inf|eifwejdo hfcc―Fvij|eypej `flloho ro|pj|f g|vppe è iohwf|yeohf eh hoe f g|vppe è ij|epâ rf| e hoyp|eg|jpfcce(

Hoe cjeie jllejdo vh ehij|eio docpo edro|pjhpf `fhp|o cj hoyp|j Inefyj# hoh jllejdo hfyyvh è|eppoè pjif|f `jwjhpe jcc―ehwepo inf ie gj ec Yemho|f# iodf co gj j` omhe ljppf{{jpo# è jh`j|f j`jhhvhiej|f cj Lvohj Howfccj( Hoh jllejdo jcivh è|eppo è |eifwf|f pvppf zvfypf iohoyifh{f f hoh`j|cf jmce jcp|e# f ioyã rf|dfppf|f inf e hoyp|e g|jpfcce dvoejho è gjdf# dfhp|f hoe jllejdo pjhpo

rjhf hfccf hoyp|f djhe(



Hoh royyejdo ypj|f j mvj|`j|f dfhp|f cj hoyp|j Inefyj ij`f eh |owehj# rf|inå yejdo iodoè hfccfhoyp|f Rj||oiinef# hfccf hoyp|f ijyf# |eifwfhò f iohpehvjhò j |eifwf|f pjhpo `jc Yemho|f; cj YvjRj|ocj# cf odfcef `fc yjif|òpf# e rfccfm|ehjmme# cj Deyf|eio|èj è @eo hfc Yji|jdfhpo `fccjiohgfyyeohf# c―vheohf df|jwemceoyj jpp|jwf|yo ec ielo Fvij|eypeio# e èyio|ye `fc pjcf o `fc pjc―jcp|or|fèijpo|f(

Eh jcp|f rj|ocf# ypejdo |eifwfhò pjhpo f hoh jllejdo ec io|jmmeo è vyie|f `jccf hoyp|f iodoèpâ# èjh`j|f eh vh ij|if|f# eh vhj ijyj è io||f{eohf# è rj|cj|f ioh ine î reõ leyomhoyo# è è|mce inf hohye èj rf| wehpo# inf î hjpo ijppoceio f inf cj yvj Inefyj nj leyomho è cve# jhinf cã òwf î#yoggf|fhpf# rf|inå zvfypo yvo òco|f yf|we|â rf| |fèdf|f jcp|e# rf|inå zvfypo yji|egeieo mce gj|âmvj`jmhj|f cj wepj fpf|hj(

Hoh yejdo ijrjie è jh`j|f hfmce oyrf`jce òwf ie yoho e djcjpe pf|dehjce f# |fiepjhò cj io|ohiehjjccj @ewehj Deyf|eio|èj# jevpj|ce ioh cj hoyp|j r|fmnef|j eh zvfe dodfhpe è coppj p|j ec lfhf f ecdjcf# rf| celf|j|ce `jccf ehyeèf f `jccf pfhpj{eohe `fc `fdoheo( Omhe do|elohò nj rjv|j# f jhinfyocpjhpo pfhfhò co|o cj djho# rj|cjhò co|o `fcc―jdo|f è @eo f `fccj df|jwemcej inf ce jyrfppj hfc

Iefco ioh Mfyõ f Dj|ej f ehyefdf je r|or|e ij|e inf yoho meâ rj|pepe# |fij co|o iohgo|po(

C―o|j inf ypejdo wewfhò# hoh jddfppf inf jiifppejdo c―ehèggf|fh{j(

@ollejdo fyyf|f rf| e hoyp|e yjif|òpe cj djho `―jevpo inf wj òwf co|o hoh royyoho j||ewj|f( Djrf| gj|f zvfypo# rf| jwf|hf ec io|jmmeo# òllejdo |eifwf|f Mfyõ# wewf|f ioh Mfyõ# jcedfhpj|ie èMfyõ( Jllejdo rjv|j è edrfmhj|ie vh ro― è reõ f zvjhò ec Yemho|f èif; –If|ij r|edj ec \fmhoè @eo f ec |fypo pe yj|â `jpo eh jmmevhpj—# î |eifwf|f pvppo( Î if|ij|f ec \fmho è @eo ioh pvppe edf{{e f((( jr|e|f cf djhe rf| |eifwf|f PVPPO eh jmmevhpj1 rf|inå Fmce î ec Rj`|ohf inf rjmj dfmceo#c―vheio inf î jppfhpo jhinf jccf pvf reõ reiiocf hfifyyepâ*

G|jpfcco# yo|fccj# m|j{ef rf| jwf|de rf|dfyyo è ro|pj|f j pf|dehf cj deyyeohf inf de î ypjpj jgge`jpj#è gj|pe mevhmf|f zvfypf rjmehf( Cj r|oyyedj wocpj inf jyyeypf|je jccj Yjhpj Dfyyj# wewecj( Yo inf ecYemho|f iodre|â jhinf eh pf cj r|odfyyj inf –cj pvj Dfyyj hoh yj|â dje reõ zvfccj è r|edj— fzvjhò co |eifwe; Jdjco(((*

Yrf|edfhpj cj òcif{{j è |eroyj|f p|j cf rejmnf `fc Yvo ioypjpo jrf|po rf| pf# rf| cjyiej|pe cj YvjInefyj f Yvj Dj`|f# rf| jr|e|pe cf ro|pf `fccj Ijyj `fc Rj`|f Yvo# f rf|inå pv yej ijrjif èwf|egeij|f ec Yvo Jdo|f Deyf|eio|èoyo jpp|jwf|yo zvfypj pfypedohejh{j f è if|ij|f èio||eyroh`f|we ioh ec pvo reiioco jdo|f(

Inf @eo pe lfhfèij eh zvfypj Rjyzvj è \fyv||f{eohf(



YEE J\IEF\F( YIOR\E IODF CO YRE\EPO YJHPO IE YE \EWFCJ F LVYYJ

Cj ioyj reõ edr|fyyeohjhpf inf no yiorf|po hfc deo rf|io|yo è Gf`f# î zvjhò no iodehiejpo j|ewewf|f yv è df# yvccj dej rfccf# pvppj cj ypo|ej `fc mfhf|f vdjho( F de |fhò iohpo inf if|pe rjyyeè djpv|j{eohf f è i|fyiepj yre|epvjcf yoho royyelece yoco jyyvdfhò cj ioypjh{j f c―jyye`vepâ è

if|pf yifcpf# iohèwe`fhòcf ioh rf|yohjcepâ yjhpf `fc rjyyjpo# gjifhòcf èwfhpj|f pvf ij|jppf|eypeinff# zvehè# wewfhòcf ioh pvppo ec ivo|f# pvppj c-jhedj f pvppo co yre|epo( Oiio||f inf co Yre|epo `fccjYpo|ej fhp|e j wewf|f eh pf( Cj hoyp|j wepj zvehè ye p|jygo|dj eh vh r|omfppo è iohpehvepâ ypo|eij(

:% Yior|ejdo è wewf|f eh vh dohò deypf|eoyo# |eiio è edr|owweyf ioehie`fh{f f ehiohp|eyehi|oheypeie inf yfdl|jho r|f`fypehjpe( F― vh |einejdo cvieò# vhj inejdjpj# vhj woij{eohfj yehpohe{{j|ie ioh co Yre|epo Yjhpo inf pvppo |fmocj f pvppo ehè|e{{j(

<% Zvjhò r|fh`f|fdo ioyiefh{j è zvfypo deypf|o# inf |efdref cj hoyp|j wepj è @ohe# We|põf M|j{ef hfcco Yre|epo Yjhpo p|ehepj|eo i|ff|fdo hfe hoyp|e Ivo|e vhj weyeohf `fc dohòhvowj f |e`fgehe|fdo c-vhewf|yo yji|o f refho è fhf|mej rf| iefce hvowe f pf||f hvowf(

9% Ie |fh`f|fdo iohpo inf omhe ioyj î mfhf|jpj `j vh-fhf|mej èwehj inf pvppe iodehiejho jrf|ifre|f f j iodr|fh`f|f hfc hodf è Mfyõ# inf î rjyyjpo rf| cj Rjyyeohf# Do|pf f\fyv||f{eohf jggehinî goyyf royyelecf cj hoyp|j |f`fh{eohf(

0% Eh zvfypj r|oyrfppewj wf`|fdo inf mce fyyf|e vdjhe ye yoho yfdr|f yfhpepe èyiohhfyye `jzvfypj gohpf yji|j yeh `jc rfiijpo o|emehjcf f njhho yo`èygjppo ec co|o leyomho è fhf|mejèwehj r|fwj|eijhò mce jcp|e( Zvfypj iodrfpe{eohf î cj ijvyj è omhe iohgceppo(

6% Cj |eyocv{eohf î ypjlece|f vh iohpjppo ioh ec èweho# rjyyjhò rf| cj Yjhpj Dj`|f Inefyj#yfh{j cj zvjcf hoh ie ye yjcwj1 vhj p|jygo|dj{eohf deypeij inf ie iocdj è fhf|mej f è jdo|fehgehepe# inf jggehj cj rf|if{eohf `fccj lfccf{{j# `fe lfhe iodvhe# `fccj e`fhpepâ i|eypejhj f `fclvoh mowf|ho f ie fcfwj j vhj iohyjrfwocf{{j yre|epvjcf yvrf|eo|f(

7% Go|pe è zvfypj iohyjrfwocf{{j# royyejdo yvrf|j|f ec `|jddj `fc iohp|occo# ec p|jvdj`fccj r|fij|efpâ f `flocf{{j vdjhj f yior|e|f cj Wf|epâ pvppj ehpf|j; pvppe mce vodehe `fwohoiohp|elve|f j gj| fwocwf|f c-vdjhepâ wf|yo zvfypj hvowj èdfhyeohf(

=% Yf rf|yfmve|fdo zvfypo yioro# cj Wf|epâ# iojèvwjpj `jcc-ehpvepo `fccj Ij|epâ f `fccjYrf|jh{j ie ehèinf|â cj wej `j rf|io||f|f f gj|â eh doò inf vh gcvyyo è ioehie`fh{f ie|ewfceho zvjc î cj hoyp|j deyyeohf( Eh zvfypo rvü fyyf|f vpecf jòppj|f `j yvlepo cj \fmocj `fe

P|f Ljvce; deyyeohf hfccj Ij|epâ# wepj è iodvhepâ f gfypj eh gjdemcej(>% Zvjhò vh hvdf|o yvggeiefhpf è rf|yohf yj|â hfc gcvyyo `fccj I|fj{eohf# rj|pfierjhò jc|fivrf|o `fe Wjco|e jvpfhpeie inf ye gohòho hfc R|omfppo Yjcwegeio# p|jydfppfhò yfdr|ffhf|mej jmce jcp|e# i|ff|fdo vhj hvowj ivcpv|j# |efwjhmfce{{f|fdo ec dohò eh ive e hoyp|eio|re wel|f|jhho j cewfcce yfdr|f reõ fcfwjpe è fhf|mej f rf|gf{eohf(

5% F- ioyã inf rj|pfierejdo jccj I|fj{eohf `fc lem ljhm jc gehf vcpedo `fcc-fyeypfh{j# if`fhòec hoyp|o Pfdro rf| cj Ijvyj è –iohwf|yeohf—( Ehgjppe# gjifhò wel|j|f e io|re j vh cewfccoyfdr|f djmmeo|f è fhf|mej# wj|inf|fdo cf yomcef è vh rj|jèyo inf rop|fdo gehjcdfhpfwf`f|f# zvjhò Mevèijpe yfiohò cf hoyp|f Orf|f è Gf`f# wf`|fdo Mfyõ hfccj Rj|vyãj# ec

Io|o `fmce Jhmfce f cj Iodvhepâ `fe Yjhpe pvppe jwwocpe hfcc―jv|fj Yre|epvjcf(

:2% Yejdo mevhpe jc Mevè{eo Gehjcf



Eh zvfypo cjwo|o# eh ive ye î pfhpjpo è yrefmj|f zvjcf î co Yre|epo inf jw|fllf òwvpo jcfmmej|f hfmcevodehe è Inefyj# hoh yoho djhijpo jhinf è eyp|ve|de yvccf pjppeinf fwf|yewf f yvccf pjrrf inf yeyoho è wocpj eh wocpj yviif`vpf hfccj iohzveypj `fc R|edjpo Refp|eho# f inf iohyfhpepo# –|edvowfhòc―oypjioco— è ro|pj|f ec Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf j yoypepve|ye j zvfcco Hjpv|jcf è @eo f inf cjInefyj Vhj f Yjhpj jw|fllf òwvpo ivypoè|f geho jccj do|pf ioh rf|epv|e jppe è Gf`f f

Pfypedohejh{j i|eypejhj( Zve è yfmvepo rye rop|jhho yio|mf|f j inej|f cfppf|f mce vcpede <22 jhhe èzvfypo jppjiio go|de`jlecf# inf nj p|owjpo hfc Iohieceo Wjpeijho EE ec wf|o Iocro `j Djfyp|o èYjpjhjfc# yvrf|eo|f go|yf# yf goyyf ypjpo dje royyelecf rfhyj|co# rf|yeho jcc―ehmjhho è J`jdo(

–Cjv`fpv| Efyvy In|eypvy— ’ –Fp Dj|ej Eddjivcjpj—

EC ROROCO @FCC―J\IJ WEWFHPF# YJI\J PFH@J# DJ@\F @E LFCCF[[J INFYJCWJ F― R\OHPO J YF\WE\F DJ\EJ IO\\F@FHP\EIF DF@EJP\EIF @E M\J[EF

If|inejdo è iohye`f|j|f eh zvfypj l|fwf hopj ioyj ij|jppf|e{{j ec yfmho `fe 0 Ijwjcef|e`fcc―Jroijceyyf .Ij|fypej# Rf|ypecfh{j# Mvf||j f Do|pf%(

Yjh Meowjhhe Loyio .:>:6$:>>>% if co |eio|`ü# hfc ijyo if hf goyyf jhio|j |jmeohf# inf c ―vheijwf|j ljppjmcej inf ye iodljppf hfccj ypo|ej `fcc―Vdjhepâ# f` eh rj|peiocj|f `jcc―Jhho 2 .{f|o%# îzvfccj r|o o iohp|o cj Inefyj# goh`jpj `j Mfyõ f zvehè iohp|o co Yre|epo Yjhpo inf mve`j cj Gf`f(

Eh |fjcpâ# yeiiodf docpf ioyf meâ ypjwjho yi|eppf hfccj Lellej# p|j ive c ―Jwwfhpo è Mfyõ# royyejdoè|f j |jmeohf inf cj mvf||j yej ehe{ejpj lfh r|edj# ioh ec |egevpo inf docpe vodehe f docpf òhhfnjhho jwvpo rf| @eo# f è yehpohe{{j|ye ioh co Yre|epo Yjhpo rf| dfppf|f eh r|or|eo vh r|om|jddj èpopjcf hfmj{eohf `fcc―Jwwfhpo f `fccj I|fj{eohf .wfè fwocv{eoheydo%(

Eh yfmvepo j zvfype jppjiine rf|fhhe f jccj Yvj ypfyyj i|oiegeyyeohf# Mfyõ ie cjyieü cj Yvj Inefyj iohec Yvo Yre|epo# inf î zvfcco è @eo P|ehepj|eo( F ieü iocyf jccj yr|owweypj e Yvoe jwwf|yj|e# rf|inå`fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo# Pf|{j Rf|yohj P|ehepj|ej# hf emho|jwjho c―fyeypfh{j f rfhyjwjho inf vh yocovodo dje jw|fllf ropvpo |fmmf|f iopjhpo rfyo( Rfhyjwjho ehgjppe inf viie`fhò e Pfypedohe.Dj|pe|e% roe# ye ropfyyf rejho rejho `flfccj|f ec i|eypejhfyedo `jccj yoiefpâ f edro||f c ―o|èhfdjcfgeio è Yjpjhjfc( Dj do|po vh Rjrj# yf hf gjifwj vh jcp|o f zvfcco Yre|epo iohpehvjwj rf|epv|o(

Gv|oho rf|pjhpo èyp|vppf# ioh omhe fyrfèfhpf f i|v`fcpâ# ehpf|f iodvhepâ i|eypejhf# rf|yeho ehpf|fhj{eohe inf jwfwjho j ijro vh dohj|ij Ijppoceio rf| j||ewj|f j` eh`floce|f yfdr|f è reõ ec Rjrjpo(

F` ehwfif ioh m|jh`f yo|r|fyj ye yior|ã inf yjhmvf è Dj|pe|f gfioh`jwj hvowf Gfè f jevpjwj j

èggoh`f|f cj Rj|ocj è @eo f c-Fwjhmfco( Ioyã ec hfdeio rjyyü r|fypo j` jcp|f pfiheinf è jyyjcpo; cjèyp|v{eohf `fccj ivcpv|j# c-ehgecp|j{eohf è hvowf e`focomef f ypjlecfhò ec iohifppo wjivo èg|jpfccjh{j# vmvjmcejh{j f celf|pâ# f zvehè è –è|eppe vdjhe— f roe è `fdoi|j{ej1 f# jrr|fyyo#cj hfmj{eohf è omhe wf|epâ |ewfcjpj# cj i|fj{eohf è hvowe do`fcce yoiejce# ieppâ ò|depo|e yedecej r|emeohe# cj èggvyeohf `fccj dfh{omhj j` omhe cewfcco ioh ec yoypfmho `fccj ypjdrj# wf|j fr|or|ej iocohhj j|djpj `fc |fmedf# c-fcjlo|j{eohf è yfdr|f reõ yogeypeijpe ehmjhhe# eciohp|occo `fccf dfhpe f `fccj yjcvpf# cj edroye{eohf è djp|eie f yp|vppv|f è rfiijpo f hoh rf|vcpedo# cj i|fj{eohf `fccj dohfpj f zvehè `fc Yemho|jmmeo r|ewjpo `fccj Yow|jhepâ `fmce Ypjpe#yoppo ec zvjcf yfmho# f yoco ,yoppo zvfypo dj|ineo# ye rvü ropfwj wfh`f|f f iodr|j|f,(

F geho zve hoh è|fdo hvccj è hvowo yf èifyyedo inf cf gohpe fhf|mfpeinf# cj i|oheie{{j{eohf `fccf

djcjppef# c―jcedfhpj{eohf ioh cf yvf doègeinf mfhfpeinf# ec iohp|occo `fccf hjyiepf# mce fyf|iepe f` eyf|we{e yfm|fpe# cj yiocj|e{{j{eohf ollcemjpo|ej f` e cel|e è pfypo f è dfh{omhf# e wjco|e è df|ijpo#cf lo|yf# cj gehjh{j# cf yoiefpâ è |jpehm inf iohp|occjho df|ijpe f rocepeinf fiohodeinf `fe mowf|he



njhho iodf vheie f djpf|ejce fyfivpo|e e Yemho|e `fc Dohò# cf fcepf `fmce Eccvdehjpe(

Frrv|f# ieü hohoypjhpf# Mfyõ hoh yifcyf ec iohp|occo yvc celf|o j|lep|eo# dj iodf yfdrceif ivypo`f`fccj Gf`f f `fccj Do|jcf# ypjlecã we goyyf vh Yvo Jroypoco inf yf jlljhòhjpo jcco Yre|epo Yjhpojw|fllf ropvpo hfcc―o|èhf `fccj èyifh`fh{j f yviifyyeohf jroypoceij ro|pj|f jwjhpe ehpjppo# hfccj

P|jè{eohf# zvfc rjp|edoheo f ioyã ro|pjhò hfc |fiehpo yji|o zvjhpf reõ jhedf royyelece( Jgge`j|yejccj P|jè{eohf inf j yvj wocpj ye jgge`jwj jcco Yre|epo Yjhpo# iodf yfdr|f gv( Zvfypj c―vheij cfmmfrf| cj ègfyj `fccj Inefyj f cj ivypoèj `fc @omdj `fccj Gf`f( Ljypjwj hoh ijdlej|f hvccj f pvppoyj|fllf `v|jpo eh Fpf|ho( Yjh Rjoco# inf ye p|owü ioyp|fppo eh zvfypo jhperjpeio |voco è iohwehif|fRefp|o è zvfypo goh`jdfhpjcf f` edr|fhyiehèlecf edrjmho# iodr|fyf jhinf# f rv|f yvlepo# infr|edj o roe# ec hfdeio# yj|fllf j||ewjpo j |edvowf|f zvfc ajpfinoh# oyyej iocve# ec Wfyiowo è \odj#oyyej ec Rjrj# inf @eo jwfwj roypo j` oypjioco rf| cj i|fj{eohf è vh Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf# yfhoh ye goyyf r|oif`vpo ioh pvppf cf ijvpfcf `fc ijyo( Cj yoypepv{eohf è Refp|o ioh vh Gjcyo R|ogfpj#ioh vh Gjcyo I|eypo# ioh ec Gemceo `fccj Rf|è{eohf# ioh c―Ehezvo# ioh c―Vodo `fccj Dfh{omhj# iohc―Fdreo jw|fllf ropvpo iodref|f vhj `fwjypj{eohf r|or|eo `jcc―ehpf|ho `fccj Inefyj# f ieü yj|fllfjwwfhvpo hfc dodfhpo eh ive goyyf|o ypjpf ehp|oòppf hfccj @opp|ehj pvppj vhj yf|ef è –f|fyef— inf

Yjh Reo ^ ehèwe`vj hfccj rj|ocj inejwf Do`f|heydo( Yejdo j||ewjpe jmce ehe{e `fc :522 f cjDjyyohf|ej ypj rf| iodrcfpj|f ec yvo rf|io|yo iohzveypjhò roype inejwf rv|f g|j cf Mf|j|inefFiicfyejypeinf( Vh m|vrro è Ij|èhjce ioh ec hodf è Djv|eif Rehju yi|ewf vh cel|o inf vyie|â roio

r|edj `fcc―jrf|pv|j `fc Iohieceo Wjpeijho EE; Ec IODRCOPPO IOHP\O CJ INEFYJ( Dj j hvccjyf|we|jhho zvfype pfhpjpewe è ro|pj|f jc |erj|o ec Ijppoceifyedo( Jhinf Yjh Rj`|f Reo pfhpü ioh omheygo|{o è jwwf|pe|f# dj gv dfyyo eh yo|èhj r|or|eo `j Meowjhhe <9( Co Yre|epo f|j ypjpo yoypepvepor|or|eo jc yvo wf|peif# hfccj yp|vppv|j inf djmmeo|dfhpf jw|fllf òwvpo pvpfcj|co(

Jllejdo pvppj vhj yf|ef è R|ogf{ef f è Cfppf|f inf ie ehyfmhjho j |eiohoyif|f ec Yfmho `fe Pfdre(Dj yor|jppvppo jllejdo Hoyp|j Yemho|j inf ie wefhf eh yoiio|yo omhe zvjcwocpj ec dohò î jc leweo#omhe zvjcwocpj vh Rjrj nj leyomho è vh Iohyemceo Ifcfypf( F` omhe wocpj zvfype Iohyemce yoho ypjpejyiocpjpe# p|jhhf# yã# p|jhhf inf hfc :56># zvjhò Meowjhhe ^ÊEE `fieyf inf yf|weyyf vh Iohieceoinf jr|eyyf jc dohò# gjifhòco rjyyj|f rf| v Iohieceo Dj|ejho rf| ec @omdj è Dj|ejIo||f`fhp|eif( Cj yvrf|lej `fcc―vodo fhp|ü zvehè eh Wjpeijho( Cj yp|jpfmej deccfhj|ej `fc hfdeiojwfwj yo|pepo ec –iocro `j djfyp|o—( Ec gvdo è Yjpjhj f|j fhp|jpo eh Wjpeijho# r|fyyo cj Yjhpj Yf`f(

C―o|èhf `jpo `j Yjpjhjfc jccj dece{ej è –èjwoce— .èj$ljcvy4 èwe`f|f% hfdeie mev|jpe è @eo èèwe`f|f# è iohpehvj|f j èwe`f|f pvppo f pvppe# jwfwj gvh{eohjpo( @ewe`f|f# ehgjppe ye p|j`vif eh m|fio–èj$ljcvy—# inf î ec iohp|j|eo è –yehpfyey—( Ec Rjrj# ehgjppe# hfcc―O|èhf Hjpv|jcf ioypepvewj cj yehpfye#c―Vheiepâ# f` f|j j pjc r|oroyepo iohye`f|jpo ec Rohpfgeif# c―vheio eh m|jò è cfmj|f f yieomcef|f(

C―fivdfheydo î# rf| zvfypo# ec djmmeo| |eyvcpjpo rf| cf go|{f vdjhf# dj jhinf cj ljyf rf| Yjpjhjfc#ec R|ehierf `fccj Pf||j# è edro||f ec yvo @vij# c―Jhpei|eypo# jc è yor|j è omhe ioyiefh{j# è omhe|fcemeohf# è omhe hj{eohf f è omhe ho{eohf f iohoyifh{j(

F― edro|pjhpf# zvehè# iohoyif|f cj Ypo|ej# dj edrj|jhò j cfmmf|cj `jc wf|yo mevypo# inf î zvfcco è@eo f `fccj io||fhpf wewj `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo `j ive pvppo èyifh`f f wf|yo yve pvppo î è|fppo( F ioyãye rvü iodr|fh`f|f dfmceo ine nj èyp|vppo ioyj# f rf|inå# ec lfcco# ec lfhf# ec lvoho# ec mevypo# ecè|eppo# cj wf|epâ hoh jrrj|pfhmoho reõ jccj yrfief vdjhj f jccj iohwewfh{j rjiegeij f |fcemeoyj g|j cfrf|yohf inf jlepjho zvfypj pf||j# zvfypj eddfhyj wjccf è cji|edf( Yejdo ypjpe r|ewjpe è omhe wf|epâ#è omhe |egf|edfhpo# è omhe mevypegeij{eohf# è omhe o|efhpjdfhpo# è omhe èyif|hedfhpo# è omhemve`j# f zvehè è pvppo ieü inf ie ioh`vif j @eo( Zvfypo# rf|ü# yf wewfyyedo yoco è |j{eohjcepâ f è

comeij |j{eohjcf( Dj fyeypf jhinf vh―jcp|j comeij# ehyepj hfccj hjpv|j# inf î eddjpf|ejcf# yr e|epvjcf fye goh`j yvccj GF@F( Cj hjpv|j rvü fyyf|f rv|f cfe ehmjhhjpj .wfè viifcce dem|jpo|e# ljcfhf#jhedjce# inf ye cjyiejho p|j||f eh ehmjhho `je yohj|# `jccf g|fzvfh{f# `jccf oh`f djmhfpeinf% dj cj



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Rjyyejdo zvehè j p|jppj|f c―ehp|jppjlecf# ieü inf î |fyo yfm|fpo rf| cj yvj hjpv|j rf|wf|yj# dj infjccj gehf yf`vif docpe# ehmjhhj f ioyp|veyif vhj hvowj dfhpjcepâ hfc dohò ioh hvowe yfmvepe(

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Fiio o|j fcfhijpo pvppo ieü inf hoh cfmmf|fpf dje yv hfyyvh cel|o è ypo|ej( Pfdro gj# ehgjppe# dewfhhf ec `vlleo inf yfllfhf ye if|ijyyf è ydfhpe|f pjhpo djpf|ejcf è`jppeio# roio eh gohò i―f|j

lfh roio `j èdoyp|j|f yvccj djcj gf`f è if|pf ijyf fèp|eie( F― jcco|j inf# hfc deo reiioco# if|ijeè ehwfypemj|f f de gv è m|jh`f vpecepâ ehpf|hfp( Roe de gfie r|fh`f|f `j vh jcp|o `vlleo; yf ehpf|hfp îvh co|o yp|vdfhpo# rf|inå cjyiejho inf pjhpj ehgo|dj{eohf yej jccj ro|pjpj è pvppe( Rfhyje jhinf infcj |fpf hjyioh`f# eh fggfppe f inf hoh pvppo î ioyã eh inej|o( Leyomho yjrf| òdjh`j|f# leyomhj yjrf|fioyj ye ypj if|ijhò( F cã de yoho iohyocjpo vh ro― ioh c―—jmcefppo—( F― wf|o jhinf inf jh`jhòjwjhpe hfccj |eif|ij# hoh de ropfwj ygvmme|f vh rj|peiocj|f# inf è pvppo ye rvü rj|cj|f djcf# zvjhòec djcf ye î edroyyfyyjpo meâ `fccf ioyf( F yf g|j pvppf zvfypf ioyf ie goyyf ec djcf `fe djce# ec reõehèielecf# ocp|f ec zvjcf hoh ye po|hj reõ ehèfp|o? F― cã inf r|fye cj iohyjrfwocf{{j inf è pvppo yervü rj|cj|f f pvppo rvoe p|owj|f hfccj |fpf gvo|inî ypjwj yi|eppo inf eh Wjpeijho hoh ie yj|fllf reõypjpo vh Wf|o Rjrj( F― ec gjppo inf ec r|fyvhpo gjcyo rjrj yej i|f`vpo `je reõ inf cjyiej r|oif`f|fehèypv|ljpo ec hfdeio( Ioyã# |ejccjiiejhò e gece `fc èyio|yo fiio hjyif|f zvfypj orf|j# go|yf vheijhfc yvo mfhf|f# yf ye iohye`f|j inf iodrcfpj cf jcp|f def :2 .yf iohye`f|ejdo jhinf cj |jiiocpj èKonh Acffwfy$Ypfgjho Jhfcce# –Ehmjhhjpe— è Jclf|po Dfèie# –Ec Reõ M|jh`f I|edehf— è Rjoco

Lj|hj|`# pvppe fcjlo|jpe m|j{ef jhinf jccj |fpf% `fccj fè{eohf CJ RJYYEOHF @FCCJ INEFYJ(

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\OYJ \OYYJ o I\OIF @-O\O; OYYEJ \OPNYINEC@ ' \OIAFGFCCF\ CJ IODRJMHEJ@FCCF EH@EF F HOH YOCO( @JCCJ HJYIEPJ @FC YEMHO\JMMEO# JCCF YP\JPFMEFRF\ CJ \EDO[EOHF @FC AJPFINOH( FIIO IODF R\FH@OHO EC YOR\JWWFHPO E 0IJWJCEF\E @FCC-JROIJCEYYF .MVF\\F IJ\FYPEF RFYPECFH[F DO\PF% DOH@EJCF

Cj \ego|dj è Cvpf|o f|j rjyyjpj f co yieydj jwfwj hvowjdfhpf yrf{{jpo f refmjpo cj Inefyj è @eo

f è iohyfmvfh{j yrjiijpo c―Fv|orj( Cj \ewocv{eohf G|jhifyf f|j jccf ro|pf f `j cã ye yj|fllfèggvyo ec yfhyo è celf|pâ f è |elfcceohf j pvppo ieü inf |jrr|fyfhpjwj c―Jhiefh \îmedf ( Hjyif cjLo|mnfyej f` ec R|ocfpj|ejpo( Cf Dohj|inef jhio|j òwfwjho fyyf|f èwfcpf# dj vhj cfppf|j jMevyfrrf Dj{{ehe |ewfcj ec rejho è Jclf|p Reaf; oiio||oho p|f mvf||f dohèjce rf| ijdlej|f pvppo(\odj hoh f|j jhio|j ypjpj iohzveypjpj f` eh pvppo ec dohò òwfwjho fyyf|f r|frj|jpf cf |ewocpfioye``fppf è Ehèrfh`fh{j inf njhho `fwjypjpo zvjye pvppe mce Ypjpe `j ho|` j yv` `j fyp j owfyp ehzvfc rf|eoò inf wj `jc :>62 jc :>52 f inf wf`f cf \ewfhèpf Ij|lohj|f r|opjmoheypf( Ec rvhpo;

Hfc :==9 Djuf| \opnyinec` iohwoiü òèie vodehe |eiine è G|jhiogo|pf f inefyf co|o è dfppf|f ehiodvhf cf co|o |eyo|yf1 roe r|fyfhpü vh rejho eh <6 rvhpe inf jw|fllf iohyfhpepo co|o è oppfhf|f eciohp|occo `fccf |eiinf{{j# `fccf |eyo|yf hjpv|jce f `fccj djhoòrf|j è pvppo ec dohò(



Zvfype <6 rvhpe yoho;

:( Vyj|f cj weocfh{j f ec pf||o|eydo# revppoypo inf cf èyivyyeohe jiij`fdeinf(

< ( R|fèij|f ec –Celf|jceydo— rf| vyv|rj|f ec ropf|f rocepeio(

9( Jwwej|f cj coppj è icjyyf(

0( E rocepeie `fwoho fyyf|f jypvpe f ehmjhhfwoce ’ zvjcyejye ioèif do|jcf cjyiej vh rocepeiowvchf|jlecf(

6 ( Ydjhpfccj|f –cf fyeypfhpe go|{f `fcc―o|èhf f e |fmocjdfhpe( \eioyp|v{eohf è pvppf cf eypepv{eohefyeypfhpe(—

7 ( \edjhf|f ehweyelece geho jc dodfhpo eh ive ye î jizveyepj vhj go|{j pjcf inf hfyyvh―jcp|j go|{j

o jypv{ej rvü reõ dehj|cj(

= ( Vyj|f cj Ryeiocomej è djyyj rf| iohp|occj|f cf goccf( –Yfh{j ec èyropeydo jyyocvpo hoh ye rvü mowf|hj|f eh doò fggeiefhpf(—

> ( Yoypfhf|f c―vyo è cezvo|e# `|omj# io||v{eohf do|jcf f omhe go|dj è we{eo# vpece{{jpe

yeypfdjpeijdfhpf j –jmfhpe— rf| io||odrf|f cj meowfhpõ(

5( Edrj`|ohe|ye `fccf r|or|efpâ ioh omhe df{{o rf| jyyeiv|j|ye yoppodeyyeohf f yow|jhepâ(

:2( Godfhpj|f cf mvf||f f iohp|occj|f cf iohgf|fh{f è rjif eh doò inf hfyyvho `fe iodljppfhpe

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:<( Vpece{{j|f cj ypjdrj rf| cj r|orjmjh`j jc gehf è iohp|occj|f pvppe e rvhpe è vyiepj èehgo|dj{eohe jc rvllceio# rv| |edjhfhò hfcc―odl|j# celf|e `j iocrj(

:9 ( Gj| ye inf cf djyyf i|f`jho è fyyf|f ypjpf r|f`j è i|edehjce( Zvehè |er|eypehj|f c―o|èhf f

jrrj|e|f iodf yjcwjpo|e(

:0( I|fj|f rjheio gehjh{ej|eo( Cj gjdf wefhf vyjpj rf| iohp|occj|f f yommeomj|f cf djyyf(

:6( Ehgecp|j|f cj djyyohf|ej rf| yg|vppj|f cf commf `fc M|jh`f O|efhpf iodf djhpfcco jccj wf|j hjpv|j `fc co|o cjwo|o hfccj gecjhp|orej( @eggoh`f|f cj co|o e`focomej jpfodjpf|ejceypj p|j e–moued— .mfhpece%(

:7 ( Zvjhò ljppf c―o|j `fcc―ehio|ohjdfhpo rf| ec hoyp|o yemho|f yow|jho `fc Dohò ehpf|o# cj

co|o ehgcvfh{j ljhè|â pvppo ieü inf rop|fllf oypjiocj|f cj yvj yp|j`j(

:= ( Vyo yeypfdjpeio è ehmjhho# g|jye jcpeyohjhpe f ycomjh rorocj|e( –Ec iohp|j|eo è zvjhpo î ypjpo

|odfyyo ye rvü gj|f yfdr|f òro‧Zvfypo î yfh{j iohyfmvfh{f—(

:>( Vh \fmho `fc Pf||o|f î ec doò reõ fiohodeio rf| ro|pj|f |jre`jdfhpf yoppodeyyeohf(



:5( Djyinf|j|ye `j rocepeie# iohyvcfhpe gehjh{ej|e f` fiohodeie rf| ywocmf|f ec hoyp|o djh`jpo ioh cj èrcodj{ej f yfh{j pedo|f è fyro||f –ec ropf|f yfm|fpo èfp|o mce jggj|e hj{eohjce f

ehpf|hj{eohjce(—

<2 ( C―olefppewo î ec yvr|fdo mowf|ho dohèjcf( Yj|â hfifyyj|eo ypjlece|f m|jhè dohoroce# zvehè#

jhinf cj reõ m|jh`f go|pvhj `fe Moued èrfh`f|â `j hoe j pjc rvhpo inf fyye jh`|jhho j gohòehyefdf jc i|fèpo `fe `fe co|o mowf|he ec meo|ho òro cj m|jh`f ljhij|oppj rocepeij(

<: ( Vyj cj mvf||j fiohodeij( @f|vlj e –Moued— `fccf co|o r|or|efpâ pf||ef|f f `fccf eh`vyp|ef ioh

vhj iodlehj{eohf è jcpf pjyyf f iohio||fh{j ycfjcf(

<< ( Gje ye inf ec –Moued— èyp|vmmj omhvho `fmce jcp|e1 ioyã hfc dohò yj|â cjyiejpo yoco ec

|ocfpj|ejpo# ioh roine deceohj|e `fwope jccj hoyp|j ijvyj f roce{ej f yoc`jpe yvggeiefhpe rf| |opfmmf|f e co|o ehpf|fyye(

<9( Inejdjpfco ec Hvowo O|èhf( Hodehjpf vh @eppjpo|f(

<0( Eypvreè|f# iohgoh`f|f f io||odrf|f f dfdl|e reõ meowjhe `fccj yoiefpâ# ehyfmhjhò co|o pfo|ef f r|ehiere inf yjrrejdo fyyf|f gjcye(

<6 ( Refmj|f cf cfmme hj{eohjce f ehpf|hj{eohjce jcc―ehpf|ho è vhj iohp|j`è{eohf inf ehhjh{e pvpp odjyinf|j cj cfmmf f òro cj hjyioh`f `fc pvppo( Yoypepve|f c―j|lep|jpo jccj cfmmf(

J`jd ]feynjvrp ]feynjvrp# gehjh{ejpo `j \opnyinec`# jwfwj iodehiejpo j` ehgecp|j|ye hfciohyoce`jpo O|èhf Iohpehfhpjcf `fe Celf|e Dv|jpo|e ioh zvfypj òpp|ehj yjpjheij( ]feynjvrpjyyvhyf <222 jmfhpe# –mce vodehe reõ ehpfccemfhpe hfc ijdro `fccf j|pe f `fccf cfppf|f# `fcc―eyp|v{eohf#`fccj yiefh{j# `fccj gehjh{j f `fcc―eh`vyp|ej(— ]feynjvrp eyp|vã zvfype ehèwe`ve lfh rjmjpe yvedemceo|e dfpoè è io||v{eohf# djherocj{eohf f iohp|occo `fccf rf|yohf f `fccj ypjdrj(

]feynjvrp |eo|mjhe{{ü mce Eccvdehjpe `jc : Djmmeo :==7( Cj rj|ocj Eccvdehjpe# `f|ewjpj `j Cviegf|o#yemhegeij –ro|pjpo|f è cvif—( Ec rejho vpece{{j ehmjhhfwocdfhpf cj g|jyf –rjif yvccj pf||j— f |einef`fcj èyp|v{eohf è pvppe e mowf|he f cj |fcemeohe fyeypfhpe jpp|jwf|yo vh r|oifyyo è –èweyeohf `fccfdjyyf eh yinef|jdfhpe rocepeie# yoiejce# fiohodeie f jcp|e ijdre orroype eh iohpehvo jvdfhpo èhvdf|o(— Cj mfhpf òw|fllf –iodljppf|f f eh`floce|f yf ypfyyj f m| j`vjcdfhpf èyp|vmmf|f emowf|he hj{eohjce f cf eypepv{eohe |fcemeoyf(—

Djuf| f Mvpfcf fllf|o 6 gemcef f 6 gemce( E gemce gv|oho lfhf eyp|vepe hfmce „jggj|e è gjdemcej― f

–gv|oho edlfwvpe `fcco ypfyyo yre|epo è jypv{ej f è iohzveypj(— Eh `fgehepewj e g emce è Djuf| yeypjlece|oho o gv|oho roye{eohjpe hfccf ljhinf `fccf r|ehierjce coijcepâ Fv|orff; Djuf| Jdyinfc.:==9$:>66% j G|jhiogo|pf# Djuf| Yjcodoh .:==0$:>66% j Wefhhj# Mejiodo Djuf| .:=5<$:>7>% jRj|eme# Ajcdjhh Djuf| .:=>>$:>66% j Hjroce f Hjpnjh Djuf| .:===$:>97%# ec reõ òpjpo# j Coh`|j#òwf goh`ü cj èhjypej `fe ljhinef|e \opnyinec`( Hjpnjh i|fü vh yeypfdj j cewfcco dohèjcf è `flepef i|fèpe f vhj hvowj pfiheij rf| –r|fypepe ehpf|hj{eohjce dolece—( Ajcdjhh .Aj|c% èwfhhf ec ijro `fcm|vrro oiivcpo c―Jcpj Wfhèpj(

Hjpnjh Djuf| \opnyinec` E gemce f|jho –djmne— `fccj gehjh{j f –èjloceie ijciocjpo|e— inf gv|ohodopewjpe `j vhj –rvcyeohf `fdohejij— rf| jwf|f yviifyyo hfccf co|o edr|fyf yfm|fpf( Djuf| |fiepjwj|fmocj|dfhpf ec Pjcdv`# dfhp|f pvppj cj gjdemcej yf`fwj |jrepj ioh jppfh{eohf( Fyye hoh

io|pfmmej|oho jdeie{ef dj vyjwjho cf rf|yohf iodf pfdro|jhfe m|jèhe hfccj r|odo{eohf `fccfjccfjh{f rocepeinf inf f|jho dopewjpf `jc r|ogeppo( E djp|edohe# hoh cohpjhe `jcc―ehifypvoyo# f|jhoo|mjhe{{jpe ioh c―ehpfhpo è r|fyf|wj|f cj go|pvhj `fe \opnyinec`( Reõ pj|è# dfhp|f e \opnyinec`



jizveye|oho |eyrfppjlecepâ# yfllfhf `j jcivhe f|jho weype iodf |o{{e# gfif|o djp|edohe deypejcc―ehpf|ho è jcp|f gjdemcef è ljhinef|e( Hfc :=>6 Djuf| p|jygf|ã cj yvj gjd emcej eh vhj ijyj èiehzvf rejhe jc :0> è Kv`fhmjyyf j G|jhiogo|pf( Cj gjdemcej Yinegg# jhin―fyyj è ljhinef|e#iohèweyf zvfypj ijyj( Kjiol Yinegg yroyü cj gemcej è Yocodjh(

Djuf| ye f|j ehm|j{ejpo cf „rf|yohf mevypf― f hfc :=75 èwfhhf „vh jmfhpf è io|pf `fc R|ehierfMvmcefcdo E^ `―Jyyej$Ajyyfc# inf f|j ec heropf è Meo|meo EE `―Ehmnecpf||j# ivmeho è Meo|meo EEE#heropf `fc |f è @jhedj|ij# f iomhjpo `fc |f è Ywf{ej( Eh l|fwf pfdro cj gjdemcej `fe \opnyinec`èwfhhf ec p|jdepf p|j e m|jhè ljhinef|e è G|jhiogo|pf# iodf e g|jpfcce Lfpndjhh f \vfrrfcc 'Nj|hef|( Ec r|ehierf Mvmcefcdo# vh ioddf|iejhpf è ij|hf vdjhj è fyp|fdo yviifyyo# f ec yvojmfhpf \opnyinec`# jggeppjwjho cf p|vrrf rf| cf gjdemcef |fjce Fv|orff( Vh icefhpf r|fgf|epo# ecmowf|ho L|epjhheio# hfifyyepjwj è :7(222 yoc`jpe jyyejhe rf| e zvjce rjmü c―fzvewjcfhpf è 9 deceoheè òccj|e( Dj r|edj inf e yoc`jpe ropfyyf|o fyyf|f rjmjpe rf| e co|o yf|we{e# Mvmcefcdo gv ioyp|fppo jgvmme|f –eh @jhedj|ij—# cjyiejhò e yocè hfccf djhe è Djuf| rf| cj –ivypoèj—( Djuf| we`f zvfypo`fhj|o iodf vhj go|pvepj –orro|pvhepâ è lvyehfyy— f ehgehf èf`f ec `fhj|o ehyjhmvehjpo j Hjpnjh#inf `jc :>25 jwfwj jccfypepo vh fyf|ie{eo iodf ljhinef|f cohèhfyf( Fmce ehwfypã jcdfho >22(222

ypf|cehf eh –o|o `jccj Iodrjmhej `fccf Ehèf O|efhpjce—(

Ec R|ehierf Mvmcefcdo# vh edr|fhèpo|f inf jggeppjwj e yoc`jpe# eh vh r|fioif ypecf Lcjia}jpf|# jwfwjjiivdvcjpo vhj fho|df go|pvhj hfc dodfhpo eh ive do|ã( Owwejdfhpf# e ieppjèhe |egevpj|oho e ljyyeyjcj|e `j yinejwo `fe yoc`jpe f |fyeypfppf|o jcc―jyyvh{eohf( Hocfmmej|f cf j|de ioypjwj è reõ dj hohf|j edrvpjlecf jc mowf|ho1 c―ehi|fdfhpo `fccj iohpj `fccf weppedf hfdeinf .rf| e mowf|he inf iohpjhofggfppewjdfhpf% f c―j||eiinedfhpo `fcc―jdeie{ej `fe iodrj|e j{efh`jce `fc mowf|ho f|j vh wjhpjmmeoeh pfdro è fcf{eohe( \vdygfc` f G|jhay# hfccj gjyf ehe{ejcf# |eio|`j|oho jmce jdf|eijhe inf –hoe hohgjiiejdo cj iohpj `fccf weppedf(—

Zvfe yoc`jpe jyyejhe yj|fllf|o ypjpe vyjpe iohp|o e rjp|eope jdf|eijhe inf f|jho ypjhine `fccf pjyyffiifyyewf fyp|jppf `jmce ehmcfye rf| rjmj|f cf co|o mvf||f yfh{j gehf# f `fieyf|o è fyrfccf|f mce ehmcfyef |ewfhèij|f cj co|o ehèrfh`fh{j inf ce ioh`vyyf jccj Mvf||j \ewocv{eohj|ej( Jcf~jh`f| Njdecpoh#vh jmfhpf `fe \opnyinec`# iohwehyf Mfo|mf ]jynehmpoh j` gj| yã inf e \opnyinec` gehjh{ejyyf|o cjmvf||j( Hfc :=5:# ioh vh m|jh`f `flepo è mvf||j `j rjmj|f# Njdecpoh eypepvã vhj ljhij ifhp|jcf# èr|or|efpâ `fe \opnyinec` f jcp|e yp|jhef|e# inejdjpj Ge|yp Ljha og pnf Vhepf` Ypjpfy# ioh vhj ceifh{jè wfhp―jhhe( Jh`|f} Kjiayoh eh yfmvepo ye |egf|ã j co|o iodf j` vh iowo è werf|f(

Ec Iohm|fyyo |fyrehyf ec |ehhowo `fccj ceifh{j f cj ljhij inevyf ec 0 dj|{o `fc :>:: f ieü gfifehgejddj|f `―e|j \opnyinec` inf jwfwj ec iohp|occo j{eohj|eo( Fmce èinej|ü;—O wefhf jrr|owjpj cj|einefypj è |ehhowo `fccj ceifh{j# o mce Ypjpe Vhepe ye p|owf|jhho eh vhj mvf||j djmmeo|dfhpf

èyjyp|oyj(— O|èhü roe jccf p|vrrf l|epjhheinf è –`j|f vhj cf{eohf j zvfype edrv`fhpe jdf|eijhe(\ero|pj|cf jcco ypjpo iocohejcf(— Zvfypo ro|pü jccj mvf||j `fc :>:<# cj hoyp|j yfioh`j mvf||j iohc―Ehmnecpf||j# inf gjiecepü cj hvowj ceifh{j `fccj Ljha og pnf Vhepf` Ypjpfy( Cj mvf||j gfif ehhjc{j|fec hoyp|o `flepo hj{eohjcf `j 06 j :<= deceohe è òccj|e(

Zvjhò Hjpnjh \opnyinec` inefyf jc Rj|cjdfhpo l|epjhheio è èinej|j|f mvf||j# ec R|edo Deheyp|o yeorroyf( Gv jyyjyyehjpo `j vh –reypocf|o yocepj|eo— c―:: djmmeo :>:<( Ec Rj|cjdfhpo èinej|ü mvf||j ec:> mevmho :>:<( Cf p|vrrf l|epjhheinf l|viej|oho cj Ijyj Lejhij f jcp|e fègeie mowf|hjpewe# p|j ivezvfcco inf oyrepjwj e òivdfhpe è |jpegeij `fccj Ioypepv{eohf `fmce Ypjpe Vhepe( Ec R|fye`fhpfDjèyoh# vh rocepeio rf|ifppewo# r|oroyf c―eypepv{eohf è vhj yfioh`j ljhij ifhp|jcf ec 6 èifdl|f`fc :>:6 f zvfypj gv i|fjpj `jc Iohm|fyyo ec = mfhhjeo :>:=( Heinocjy Le``cf# vh r|opfppo è Hjpnjh

\opnyinec`# èwfhhf ec r|fye`fhpf `fccj ljhij hfc :><<( Djuf| do|ã ec :5 yfppfdl|f :>:<( Hfccf yvfwocohpâ cjyieü : decej|ò è g|jhine je yvoe iehzvf gemce f eyp|v{eohe è –lvyehfyy— iohif|hfhpe jcdjp|edoheo# jc iohp|occo popjcf `fccj gjdemcej f jc yfm|fpo jyyocvpo( Cf rocepeinf è \opnyinec`



ehicv`fwjho cj –i|v`fcpâ popjcf eh pvppe e |jrro|pe è lvyehfyy—( Pvppo î jwwocpo hfccj yfm|fpf{{j1 vhjij|jppf|eypeij inf fyye edroyf|o yoppecdfhpf jccj co|o docpepvèhf è yf|wepo|e1 fyye# jpp|jwf|yoc―oyyf|wj{eohf jppfhpj# yior|e|oho inf cj èyi|f{eohf f|j docpo reõ gjwo|fwocf jc co|o lfhfyyf|fmfhf|jcf( Omhe orro|pvhepâ è gj|f yocè î yoco lvyehfyy ’ mvf||j# pf||o|eydo# mfhoieèo# yjiinfmmeorvllceio è djyyj ’ pvppe djyinf|jpe ioh cj –|fpo|eij `fc è|eppo— rf| c―jiifppjlecepâ è djyyj( Cj

gjdemcej \opnyinec` yedlocfmmej cj g|jyf è –ljhinef|f ehpf|hj{eohjcf—( Yoho |fjcdfhpf `fedjcgjppo|e( Fyye yoho zvfcce inf yoho ypjpe mevypjdfhpf lf|yjmcejpe rvllceijdfhpf*

Hfc mfhhjeo :>:0 Hjpnjh |eifwfppf vh cvi|oyo iohp|jppo ioh ec mowf|ho l|epjhheio rf| cj go|hepv|j èdohfpj jc gehf è rjmj|f cf p|vrrf l|epjhheinf inf ypjwjho iodljppfwjho cj rj|pepj è yrj|fmmeo rf|c―fzvecel|o è ropf|f# cj Mvf||j Hjrocfoheij ’ fhp|jdlf cf rj|pe gv|oho gehjh{ejpf `jccj gjdemcej `fe\opnyinec`( @jccj wjypj |fpf è io||ef|e è gjdemcej inf p|jyro|pjwjho iohpjhpe# Hjpnjh |eifwfppf cj–iohoyifh{j r|fwfhpewj— ie|ij c―fyepo `fccj ljppjmcej è ]jpf|coo( Fmce djherocü e –iohyoce— hfccjCohòh Ypoia F~injhmf rf| i|fj|f rjheio f wfhèpj g|fhfpeij( Fmce ehi|fdfhpü cj yvj go|pvhj è7622 wocpf( R|fyf ec iohp|occo `fccj Ljhij `―Ehmnecpf||j f `fcc―fiohodej ehmcfyf( P|f jhhe reõ pj|èfmce o|infyp|ü vh iocro è ypjpo eh `fhj|o eh G|jhiej( Ie yj|fllf|o ypjpe docpe rjcioyifheie è iocre è

ypjpo è `fhj|o# j cewfcco dohèjcf# hfc io|yo `fmce jhhe( E \opnyinec` ye |epe|j|oho `jccf cvie `fccj|eljcpj f jcpf|j|oho e co|o r|oifèdfhpe jc gehf è yrfhhj|f mce ehèwe`ve f e rjfye( Fyye o|j –orf|jhojpp|jwf|yo f èfp|o vhj m|jh`f wj|efpâ è gjiiejpf—(

J`f|e|f jccj ioypepv{eohf yemhegeinf|fllf jyyfh{j è ioehwocmedfhpe yp|jhef|e ’ ie òw|fllf fyyf|f–jdeie{ej ioh pvppe f jccfjh{f ioh hfyyvho—( Hoh ie òw|fllf fyyf|f jcivhj edroypj yvc |f`èpo#hfyyvhj ehgcj{eohf o `flepo hj{eohjcf( Yf io||fppjdfhpf dfyyf eh r|jpeij# iodf `fppj cj ioypepv{eohf#cf hoyp|f celf|pâ rf|yohjce `jpfie `j @eo òw|fllf|o iohyfhpe|f j pvppe è iohyf|wj|f e g|vppe `fc co|ocjwo|o# `fpf|dehjhò ehèrfh`fh{j f r|oyrf|epâ( Cf m|jhè ljhinf fv|orff we`f|o cj ioypepv{eohfjdf|eijhj inf hoh jvpo|e{{jwj –hfyyvh `flepo— eh `fhj|o iodf –vhj m|jwf dehjiiej rf| e co|o

rejhe—( Cj royyelecepâ `fccj r|oyrf|epâ ehèwe`vjcf f `fcc―ehèrfh`fh{j jw|fllf jppe|jpo c―ehpfccemfh{jf cj |eiinf{{j –è pvppe e rjfye—( Rf|pjhpo# yfiohò c―o|èhf `fc meo|ho `fmce Eccvdehjpe# c―Jdf|eijòwfwj fyyf|f èyp|vppj(

Ioh pjcf celf|pâ è r|oyrf|j|f# e ljhinef|e `fieyf|o inf cj –lvyehfyy iohhfipeoh— f|j –Ec pjccohf`―Jineccf `fcc―Jdf|eij—( Cj Ijyjpj `fe \opnyinec`# jpp|jwf|yo cj iohhfyyeohf ]j|lv|m$Yinegg#gehjh{eü c―Edrf|o Ypjh`j|` Oec è \oiafgfccf|# F`}j|` Nj||edjh .gf||owef% f Jh`|f}Ij|hfmef .jiiejeo%( Zvfype djmhjpe jdf|eijhe `fc lvyehfyy jw|fllf|o iodr|jpo f iohp|occjpo e

rocepeie( Rf| gjiecepj|f ec r|om|fyyo `fccf –co|o orf|j{eohe jdf|eijhf— f cj |e$eypepv{eohf è vhj ljhijifhp|jcf# e \opnyinec` ehwej|oho vho `fe co|o jmfhpe demceo|e# Rjvc Do|ep{ ]j|lv|m# j Hf} Uo|a hfc:52< j gj|ye ij|eio `fc co|o jyyjcpo( Ehyefdf j Kjiol Yinegg# ec ijro `fccj Avnh# Cofl ' Iodrjhu è

r|or|efpâ `fe \opnyinec`# ]j|lv|m |evyiã j i|fj|f cj i|eye gehjh{ej|ej inf ioh`vyyf jc m|jh`f iocro èypjpo è `fhj|o ’ cj r|or|efpâ r|ewjpj `fc Yeypfdj `fccj Gf`f|jc \fyf|wf# ec `fgehepewo rj`|ohf èyinejwe jdf|eijho(

Ye royyoho ehmjhhj|f pvppe rf| vh roio(((((((((

Ye royyoho ehmjhhj|f jcivhe rf| yfdr|f((((((

((dj hoh ye royyoho ehmjhhj|f pvppe rf| yfdr|f*

Jl|jnjd Cehioch



EC GOH@O DOHFPJ\EO EHPF\HJ[EOHJCF .GDE%# EC LEC@F\LF\M# CO YAVCC 'LOHFY( CJ GJDEMCEJ LVYN# MCE JDDEHEYP\JPO\E @FC HVOWO O\@EHF DOH@EJCF

:>99

J Ujcf wefhf goh`jpj cj Yavcc ' Lohfy Yoiefpu

:>9=

Ljhij|oppj `fccj Vheoh Rjiegei \jec|oj` .VR\%

:>7:

Wefhf viieyo Jl|jdo Cehioch inf jwfwj yiorf|po e rejhe `fccj Ljhij `―Ehmnecpf||j è gehjh{ej|f vhjmvf||j g|jp|eie`j g|j jdf|eijhe yrohyo|e{{jhò c―jizveypo è j|de f cj go|hepv|f è dohfpj(

Yfmvejdo r|edj cj reypj `fe yocè# f doyp|ejdo iodf î iohhfyyj è|fppjdfhpf ioh KAG# f ioyj KGA fif rf| if|ij|f è jevpj|f ec roroco jdf|eijho |emvj|ò jc `flepo hj{eohjcf f ljhij|eo( Rf|

yrefmj|f cj reypj `fe yocè# ec doò reõ gjiecf î zvfcco è gj| |egf|edfhpo jccj ypo|ej è Jl|jnjd Cehioch( Cehioch gv r|fye`fhpf `v|jhpf cj Mvf||j Iewecf Jdf|eijhj( Cj mvf||j p|j ec Ho|` f` ec Yv` yvccj zvfypeohf `fcco yinejweydo( Mce Ujhay iohp|o e Iohgf`f|jpfy(

Ec R|fye`fhpf Cehioch jwfwj leyomho è |jiiomcef|f `fhj|o rf| gehjh{ej|f c―fyf|iepo ho|èypj( Ieyoho p|f doè ioh ive ec mowf|ho rvü p|owj|f ec `fhj|o( Ec mowf|ho rvü pjyyj|f e ieppjèhe# r|fh`f|feh r|fypepo `fhj|o o rvü ypjdrj|f iohpjhpf f yrfh`f|co( Cehioch `fieyf è ypjdrj|f cf ljhiohopf`fmce Ypjpe Vhepe rf| gehjh{ej|f cj mvf||j(Zvfypo doò fwepjwj cj pjyyj{eohf f c―eh`flepjdfhpo(

Cehioch ypjdrü iohpjhpf f co vyü rf| cj mvf||j( Hoh i―f|j leyomho è pjyyf f `flepe( E ljhinef|ewocfwjho p|j||f r|ogeppo `jccj mvf||j( E ljhinef|e wocfwjho inf Cehioch ypjdrjyyf ec iohpjhpf f coiohyfmhjyyf jccf ljhinf jc r|f{{o `fc ioypo è ypjdrj `fc `fhj|o( Roe e ljhinef|e jw|fllf|o|fypepvepo ec `fhj|o jc mowf|ho yoppo go|dj è r|fypepo ljhij|eo rf| roe inef`f|f je iohp|elvfhpe è

rjmj|f vhj pjyyj rf| |erjmj|f mce ehpf|fyye je ljhinef|e( C―ohfypo Jl|jnjd Cehioch èyyf è HO jeljhinef|e f gv jyyjyyehjpo( @oro ec yvo jyyjyyeheo e ljhinef|e |jmmevhyf|o ec co|o yioro(

Mce yviif`f Jh`|f} Konhyoh(

Hoh royyo eh zvfypj ehp|o`v{eohf je rjyye inf ye yoho yviif`vpe rf| c―ehp|ohe{{j{eohf `fc HvohoO|èhf Dohèjcf emho|j|f vhj ioehie`fh{j inf nj `fcc―ehi|fèlecf yf hoh goyyf inf yejdo jyyje

iohyjrfwoce è jwf|f j inf gj|f ioh vhj o|mjhe{{j{eohf inf rejhegeij omhe yvj doyyj gjifhò `fcco|o do`vy orf|jhè vh djhvjcf è rf|gf{eohf zvjye djhejijcf# jhinf yvc rejho yedloceio# r|or|eoioh c―ehpfhpo è doyp|j|f inf co|o yoho e Rj`|ohe# e Yemho|e `fc Dohò f inf hoh „î gemcej inf yedvowj inf co|o hoh womcejho( Ypo rj|cjhò `fmce Eccvdehjpe( F` eh zvfypj oiio||fh{j de wefhf è|ero|pj|f zvfypo yp|jheyyedo f` ehzvfpjhpf |jiiohpo inf ie|iocj eh ehpf|hfp `j pfdro vyjpo iohp|o cf`fdeypegeij{eohe hj||jpewf f dfèjpeinf è zvfypo pfdro inf if|ij owvhzvf èyp|vmmf|f cj ifhp|jcepâjggjlvcjpo|ej `fc iodrcoppo( Eh yå# ec hvicfo `fc iodrcoppo î# `j omhe rvhpo è weypj cfppf|j|eo f hoh#jyyje rf|pv|ljhpf( Ye iohye`f|e rf| fyfdreo c-ehi|fèlecf yf|ef è ioehie`fh{f inf jiiodvhjho cfrf|yohf f cf ij|jppf|eypeinf `fccf do|pe è Jl|jnjd Cehioch f Konh Gep{mf|jc` Afhhfù( Cj ceypj infyfmvf î iodroypj `j jggf|dj{eohe ypo|eijdfhpf jiif|pjpf(

Jl|jnjd Cehioch wefhf rf| ec Iohm|fyyo hfc :>07( Jl|jnjd Cehioch wefhf fcfppo r|fye`fhpf hfc :>72( Konh G( Afhhfù ye fcfmmf rf| ec Iohm|fyyo hfc :507(



Konh G( Afhhfù wefhf fcfppo r|fye fhpf hfc :572(

E iomhode Cehioch f Afhhfù yoho iodroype `j = cfppf|f(

Cf yroyf `fe `vf r|fye`fhpe njhho jwvpo e gemce dfhp|f jlepjwjho hfccj Ijyj Lejhij(

E `vf r|fye fhpe gv|oho viieye fhp|jdle ioh vho yrj|o eh pfypj(

E `vf r|fye fhpe njhho rf|yo cj wepj è df|iocf`ã(

Cj yfm|fpj|ej è Cehioch ye inejdjwj Afhhfù( Cj yfm|fpj|ej è Afhhfù ye inejdjwj Cehioch(

Yoho ypjpe jyyjyyehjpe `j –mfhpf `fc Yv`—(

E `vf r|fye`fhpe njhho jwvpo iodf yviifyyo|e vh –yvèypj—(

E hode `fe yviifyyo|e f|jho iodroype `j = cfppf|f# f e vf ye inejdjwjho fhp|jdle Konhyoh(

Jh`|f} Konhyoh# inf yviifyyf Cehioch# hjizvf hfc :>2>( Cuhòh Konhyoh# inf yviifyyf Afhhfù# hjizvf hfc :52>(

Konh ]ecafy Loopn# inf viieyf Cehioch# hjizvf hfc :>95( Cff Nj|wfu Oy}jc`# inf viieyf Afhhfù# hjizvf hfc :595(

E `vf jyyjyyehe f|jho iohoyievpe ioh ec òrreo hodf rf| fypfyo(

Ec popjcf fccf cfppf|f `fe hode è omhe jyyjyyeho f|j :6(

Cehioch do|ã `fhp|o vh iehfdj inejdjpo —Afhhfù—( Afhhfù do|ã eh vhj djiinehj inejdjpj –Cehioch—(

Konh ]ecafy Loopn yijrrü `jc iehfdj f` î ypjpo j||fypjpo jcc-ehpf|ho è vh fègeieo( Cff Nj|wfu Oy}jc` yijrrü `jcc―jcpo è vh fègeieo f` î ypjpo j||fypjpo fhp|o vh iehfdj(

Loopn f Oy}jc` gv|oho fhp|jdle jyyjyyehjpe r|edj `fc r|oifyyo(

Vhj yfppedjhj r|edj è fyyf|f viieyo# Cehioch f|j eh gf|ef j Doh|of# Dj|ucjh`(Vhj yfppedjhj r|edj è fyyf|f viieyo# Afhhfù f|j eh –gf|ef— ioh Dj|ecuh Doh|of(

Ijre|fpf `j woe inf r|fyo Cehioch iodf |egf|edfhpo è vh R|fye`fhpf inf hoh ye î wocvpo j`fmvj|f jer|omfppe `fmce Eccvdehjpe# omhe ioyj yej jiij`vpj jc R|fye`fhpf Afhhfù î ypjpj `j co|o è|fppj f |fyjioyã le{{j||j inf rf| fyyf|f yoco vhj ioehie`fh{j î r|fyyoinî jyyv|ò( Zvjcivho zvehè `fie`f cjyo|pf `fccj yoiefpâ rf| iohpo hoyp|o( F yf ie |elfccejdo# yf jllejdo ropf|f rf| fyyf|f jyiocpjpe# jcco|jie fcedehjho geyeijdfhpf yfh{j rfhyj|ie `vf wocpf( Rf| zvfype yf|we{e# yjhho lfhf è ine yf|we|ye(

Royyejdo zvehè ehe{ej|f zvfypj jdj|j ypo|ej pvppj wocpj j yowwf|pe|f co Yre|epo è @eo f `fccj Ypo|ej(

:>52

Rvü yfdl|j|f vh freyoèo dj|mehjcf |eyrfppo jccj ypo|ej inf ypo rf| fcfhij|f( Dj eh |fjcpâ# yf



ehzvj`|jpj |eyrfppo jccf R|edjwf|f J|jlf `fmce vcpede pfdre f jcc―fiieèo iodrevpo j` Jcfyyjh`|ej r|fyyo cj inefyj iorpj è |epo i|eypejho inf |eiohoyif ec Rjrj è \odj# i―î roio `j ypvre|ye( Ypejdoehgjppe rj|cjhò `fc mfhoieèo J|dfho( Zvfc roroco inf yepvjpo je refè `fc dhohpf J|j|jp jwfwjjhinf vhj wfhf|j{eohf rf| cj Yji|j \fcezvej `fcc―J|ij è Hoî# `jccj zvjcf rf| yfioce njhhor|fcfwjpo rfif rf| j|`f|f cf ijh`fcf( Hfc :>52 hfcc-Edrf|o oppodjho ye iohpjwjho ie|ij < deceohe è

j|dfhe# eh djmmeo|jh{j i|eypejhe$o|poòyye dohogeyepe .hoh jwfwjho rj|pfierjpo jc Iohieceo èIjcifòhej f hoh jwfwjho j`f|epo jccj r|ogfyyeohf è gf`f inf |eiohoyif jhinf cj refhj vdjhepâ èMfyõ ehyefdf jccj yvj refhj èwehpâ# f `vhzvf iohye`f|jho Mfyõ iodf fhpepâ vheijdfhpf èwehj%(Mce j|dfhe f|jho yoypfhvpe `jccj \vyyej hfccj co|o coppj rf| c-ehèrfh`fh{j# roeinå cj \vyyejjyre|jwj j` eh`floce|f c-Edrf|o oppodjho rf| jhhfppf|hf `fe pf||epo|e f` fwfhpvjcdfhpfjrr|or|ej|ye è Ioypjhpehoroce( Rf| |fr|edf|f ec dowedfhpo jvpohodeypj j|dfho# ec Mowf|hooppodjho ehio|jmmeü g|j e iv|è# ioh e zvjce iohèwe`fwj ec pf||epo|eo hfcc-J|dfhej ypo|eij#yfhpedfhpe è oèo jhpe$j|dfho(

C-orr|fyyeohf inf òwfppf|o yvle|f `je iv|è f c-jvdfhpo `fccf pjyyf edroypo `jc mowf|ho pv|iofyjyrf|ü mce j|dfhe geho jccj |ewocpj# jccj zvjcf c-fyf|iepo oppodjho# jggejhijpo `j dece{ef e||fmocj|e

iv|`f# |eyroyf jyyjyyehjhò demcejej è j|dfhe f l|viejhòhf e weccjmme .:>50%(

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`fcc-vheohf Yowefpeij |edjhfwjho jrf|pf hoh reõ è ifhpo inefyf rj||oiinejce `fccf 66(222vh{eohjhpe hfc :5:=# eh ive ifcfl|jwjho ie|ij 622 yjif|òpe# iohp|o e ce 6(222 `fc :5:= (

Hfcco ypfyyo pfdro# cj coppj iohp|o cj Yjhpj Yf`f èwfhhf vho `fmce fcfdfhpe goh`jdfhpjce è vhwf|o f r|or|eo rejho fcjlo|jpo `j Ypjceh rf| i|fj|f vh ,Ifhp|o |fcemeoyo dohèjcf, j Doyij#ifcfl|jpj iodf cj ,Pf|{j \odj,( Hfccj |fcjpewj \eyocv{eohf vggeiejcf# yã ijcijwj c-jiifhpo ,yvcij|jppf|f |fj{eohj|eo# jhperorocj|f `fe Wfyiowe |odjhe,# ioh`jhhjpe iodf ,jhpei|eypejhe#jhpe`fdoi|jpeie f jhpehj{eohjce,( Eh rj|peiocj|f# ye jvyreijwj ,cj |evheohf `fccf Inefyf `fcc-Fv|orjo|efhpjcf yoppo cj mve`j `fc Rjp|ej|ijpo è Doyij,# eh inej|j jcpf|hjpewj jc djmeypf|o è \odj( Hfcèifdl|f :509# Ypjceh rf|yohjcdfhpf inefyf jcc-HAW@# cj roce{ej yfm|fpj# vh |jrro|po `fppjmcejpoyvccj ,yepvj{eohf `fccf Inefyf ijppoceio$|odjhf, hfc pf||epo|eo yowefpeio# ypjlecfhò inf è fyyfjw|fllf|o òwvpo yor|jppvppo oiivrj|ye mce Jmfhpe `fe Yf|we{e è yeiv|f{{j f ec Yowefp rf| mce Jggj|e

`fe ivcpe |fcemeoye# jrroyepjdfhpf ioypepvepo hfccj yviifyyewj fypjpf `fc :500(

C-ehpf|o iodrcfyyo è deyv|f |fr|fyyewf f|j ypjpo o|emehjpo `j vh jppo yocfhhf; ec :2 djmmeo `fc :59= f|j ypjpj èyroypj rf| cfmmf ,cj dfyyj jc ljhò `fccj ypfyyj e`fj è @eo,( Cj Inefyj `fc I|eypo Yjcwjpo|f wfhhf `fdocepj j Doyij rf| fyyf|f yoypepvepj `jc Rjcj{{o `fe Yowefp # ec ive

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@eif ec Yemho|f; –Lfjpe woe zvjhò we ehyvcpf|jhho# we rf|yfmvepf|jhho f# dfhpfhò# è|jhho

omhe yo|pj è djcf iohp|o è woe rf| ijvyj dej( \jccfm|jpfwe f` fyvcpjpf# rf|inå m|jh`f î cjwoyp|j |eiodrfhyj hfe iefce( Ioyã ehgjppe njhho rf|yfmvepjpo e r|ogfpe r|edj è woe—( .Djppfo 6#



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yoho o|j yv pvppj cj gcoppj(]eccejd Y( Gj|eyn î hodehjpo `j Konh @( \oiagfccf| j ijro `fccj Ypjh`j|` Oec( Gj||fc î lvoh jdeioè Nf|djhh Yindep{# ijro `fccj E(M( Gj|lfh( Gj|eyn j||vocj Ewu Cff rf| vhj r|orjmjh`j geco Hj{eypjyvccj ypjdrj Vyj( Fzverjmme hj{eype mve`f|jhho cf rfp|ocef|f `fccj Ypjh`j|` Oec(

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Yfiohò ec Yfi|fp Yf|weif jdf|eijho# f` vh jdreo J|ineweo è òivdfhpe ewe iohyf|wjpe# Nfcggf|einiohpehvf|â e yvoe rjmjdfhpe jccf YY geho jc :500( Pvppo ieü gv yiorf|po dfhp|f ye eh`jmjwj yvmceodeieè e djyyj .ocoijvypo% jccj Ypjh`j|`$E(M(Gj|lfh(

Rj|cejdo è Jvyin}ep{ f `fmce jcp|e ijdre è ypf|deheo( Nfcggf|ein yrfiegeinf|â jmce ehzveyepo|e



Jccfjpe inf ye p|jppjwj è gohè `fccj Ypjh`j|` Oec# hoh yvoe rf|yohjce(

:590

Ec Yfhjpo jdf|eijho jyiocpj# p|jdepf ec iodepjpo HUF# Yjdvfc R|uo|# jcco|j j ijro `fccj \fdehmpoh

J|dy f goh`jpo|f è VLI f `fccj Jdf|eijh Yner ' Ioddf|if Io|r# eh ij|pfcco ioh cj E(M(Gj|lfh(Ec iodepjpo yior|f inf e hj{eype yoho j|djpe r|ehierjcdfhpf ioh j|de jdf|eijhf(

F(](]fll# r|fye`fhpf `fccj Fpnuc Io( wefhf ehgo|djpo inf ]jynehmpoh î jc io||fhpf `fcc―ehpfh{eohfè go|dj|f vh jcp|o ij|pfcco ioh cj E(M( Ec @erj|pedfhpo rf| cj Mvf||j wefpj ec p|jygf|edfhpo f cj|ewfcj{eohf je pf`fyine `fccj yiorf|pj `fc pfp|jfpecf(

Ioh Nepcf| yjc`jdfhpf jc pedohf `fccj Mf|djhej e r|ogeppe `fccj vheohf p|j Pnuyyf f Gceia i|fyiohoj ocp|f ifhpo deceohe è òccj|e( Yej cj Vheoh Ljha# inf cj woo| Njh`f fh Yinfrwjj|p yiorrejho è`fhj|o( R|fyiopp Lvyn èwfhpj è|fppo|f mfhf|jcf `fccj Vheoh f ye oiivrj `fccf orf|j{eohezvopeèjhf `fc Mf|djh Rcjh(

K(G(@vccfy yoypefhf jhinf rvllceijdfhpf cj gecoyogej hj{eypj( Yi|ewf vh cvhmo j|peioco è yoypfmhorf| c―Jpcjhpei Dohpncu ehpepocjpo –cj wej `fccj rjif—( Mevypegeij ec yfm|fpo |ej|do pf`fyio `fgehfhòco–vh―j{eohf rf| |ejwf|f cj r|or|ej celf|pâ—( Yjrfhò ioyj ypjwj gjifhò ioh cf yvf eh`vyp|ef# @vccfydfhpf yvc `fye`f|eo è rjif è Mf|djhej# Mejrrohf f Epjcej( Reõ jwjhpe# hfmce jhhe ―92 o|mjhe{{f|âc―Jdf|eij Ge|yp M|ovr# jc zvjcf vh dfyf r|edj è Rfj|c Nj|lov| òhf|â 622$( Reõ pj|è hfmnf|â e|jrro|pe ioh ec m|vrro( @vccfy iohpehvf|â j yoypfhf|f e hj{eype geho jcc―ehwjyeohf `fccj Rocohej(Cf yivyf è @vccfy rf| c―ehwjyeohf rocjiij gv|oho zvjye vh |edr|owf| o jccj weppedj rf| ec i|edehfyvlepo(

:596

Cj Fpnuc Io( Yemcj vh jiio|ò rf| cj r|o`v{eohf iohmevhpj ioh cj E(M( Gj|lfh rf| ioypepve|f cj FpnucM(d(l(n( f ioh cj Dohpfijpehe .roe Dohpfèyoh%# `fcc―Epjcej gjyieypj# rf| cj r|o`v{eohf è reodlopfp|jfpecf( E è|fppo|e `fccj Fpnuc Mjyocehf Io|ro|jpeoh jc pfdro `fc p|jygf|edfhpo yoho; F(]( ]fll#r|fye`fhpf f è|fppo|f1 I(G( Afppf|ehm1 \(R( \vyyfcc1 ](I( Pfjmcf# Ypjh`j|` Oec og Hf} Kf|yfu fp|vypff `fc G@\-y Mfo|mej ]j|d Yr|ehmy Govh`jpeoh1 G( J( No}j|`1 F( D( Icj|a# Ypjh`j|` Oec `fcHf} Kf|yfu1 J( R( Ycojh# K|(1 @( L|o}h1 K( P( Ydepn1 f ](Y( Rj|eyn `fccj Ypjh`j|` Oec `fc Hf}Kf|yfu( K(G( @vccfy |eyinej è wfhe|f ioehwocpo hfc ijyo `fccj Vheoh Fcfip|ei Iodrjhu `fc Deyyov|e(

Cj YFI .Iodepjpo Fyfivpewo e Yeiv|f{{j% jwfwj yiorf|po gohè hf|e rf| io||odrf|f e rocepeie(

C―j{efh`j jwfwj io||oppo pvppe e `frvpjpe `fc Deyyov|e .***%(

Yfiohò P|jwey Cjhf# Iohyemcef|f `fccj YFI# ec gjccedfhpo `fc m|jh` kv|u g v òwvpo jcc―fho|dfgjyieho è @vccfy .`fe yvoe yocè%(

Wfhmoho r|odvcmjpf cf Cfmme è Ho|edlf|mj# yrejhf|jhho cj wej jcc―Ocoijvypo(

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Mvf||j e Yrjmhj(

Cj Ljhij Yin|of`f| ye goh`f f go|dj cj Yin|of`f|# \oiagfccf| ' io( Ehi(



Ij|cpoh R( Gvccf| î hodehjpo R|fye`fhpf1 Jwf|u \oiafgfccf| Weifr|fye`fhpf(

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Jccj gehf è mfhhjeo# @vccfy goh`f pvppf cf yvf jppewepâ eh vh vheio iohpo hfccj ypfyyj ljhij# ec hodf

`fc iohpo; L|o}h L|opnf|y Nj||edjh$Yin|of`f| \oia(

\oiafgfccf| f cj Ypjh`j|` ypjhho rf| fyyf|f eh`jmjpe rf| mce jggj|e ioh e hj{eype( Yv |einefypj èR|fyiopp Lvyn# @vccfy oiivcpj mce jggj|e `fccj Lvyn$Nj||edjh ioh e hj{eype(

:595

Ehwjyeohf `fccj Rocohej# yiorrej cj mvf||j eh Fv|orj(

Cj gemcej è Gj|ey# Dj|pj# yroyj ec heropf è Jwf|fcc Nj||edjh F`}j|` Nj||edjh Mf||u è|fppo|f `fccjIohyoce`jpf` Yecfyejh Ypffc Io((

Zvfypj f|j yepvjpj hfe r|fyye `fccj ieppâ rocjiij è Oy}efied(

Zvjhò ec rejho rf| c―vpece{{o è r|emeohef|e yowefpeie ye |ewfcü e||fjce{{jlecf# e hj{eype iodehiej|oho jyrfè|wo fl|fe# {ehmj|e# iodvheype f` jcp|f deho|jh{f jc ijdro r|frj|jpo jccf YY(

Zvfypo gv c―ehe{eo `fccj ypo|ej è Jvyin}ep{(

Cj |jmeohf rf| cj coijce{{j{eohf `fc ijdro wj |eif|ijpj hfcc―jlloh`jhpf r|fyfh{j è ij|lohf hfccj{ohj# inf ropfwj fyyf|f r|oifyyjpo rf| oppfhf|f ij|lv|jhpf rf| c―jwej{eohf(

E(M(Gj|lfh ioyp|vã wfcoifdfhpf vho ypjlecedfhpo hfe r|fyye# rf| yg|vppj|f# ocp|f jc ij|lohf# ec cjwo|o`fmce yinejwe è Jvyin}ep{(

Yfiohò e yf|we{e yfm|fpe ocjh`fye# R|fyiopp Lvyn è|fyyf vhj rj|pf fccj go|{j cjwo|o yinejwe{{jpj(

:590

Jccfh @vccfy î hfc Iohyemceo `fccj Ljhij Yin|of`f|1 K(G( @vccfy iohyemcef|f cfmjcf( Cj ljhij î ecl|jiieo gehjh{ej|eo `fc hj{eydo(

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Lodlj|`jpj Rfj|c Nj|lo|# mce Vyj fhp|jho eh mvf||j(

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Cfo I|o}cfu# ec Ivypo`f fccf R|or|efpâ Yp|jhef|f# o|èhj ec yfzvfyp|o e pvppf cf jppewepâ fccj Njrjm$Ccou`( Yejdo hfc dfyf è jmoypo(

Hfc dfyf è oppol|f I|o}cfu yfzvfyp|j cf j{eohf `fccj Vheoh Ljhaehm Io(# e ive j{eoheype f|jho;Ind(/@e|( F( \o}cjh` Nj||edjh1 R|fy(/@e|( Io|hfcey Cefwfhyf .gvh{eohj|eo è ljhij rf| e Hj{e%1

Pfyo|ef|f/@e|( Nj|oc` @( Rfhhehmpoh .`fccj L|o}h L|opnf|y Nj||edjh%1 @e|( \ju Do||ey .`fccjL|o}h L|opnf|y Nj||edjh%1 @e|( R|fyiopp Y( Lvyn1 @e|( N(K( Aov}fhnowfh .@e|(/ijro `fc Mf|djhYpffc P|vyp%1 @e|( Konjhh M( M|ofhehmf| .Eh`vyp|ejcf# gviecjpo roe eh Mf|djhej%( Hfcco ypfyyo dfyf



yfzvfyp|j jcp|f < iodrjmhef gjifhpe ijro jccj Vheoh(

Hfc dfyf è howfdl|f pvppf cf jppewepâ jdf|eijhf `fccj Yecfyejh wfhmoho yfzvfyp|jpf# iohyfhpfhòrf|ü je yoie jdf|eijhe è iohpehvj|f ec lvyehfyy( @ewf|yjdfhpf ye yj|fllf `jhhfmmejpo co ygo|{olfcceio jdf|eijho(

Ec <6 dj|{o# ]eccejd Ypjdry Gj|eyn |egevpj cf jiivyf è ioyre|j{eohf i|edehjcf ioh e hj{eype( Gj|eynf|j ec djhjmf| r|ehierjcf `fc ij|pfcco E(M(Gj|lfh$Ypjh`j|` Oecy# ioyp|vppo|f è Jvyin}ep{(

Cj yvyyeèj|ej pf`fyij `fccj Ypjh`j|` .@JRJM%# nj rf| è|fppo|f Aj|c Ceh`fdjhh# dfdl|o `fcie|ioco `fmce jdeie reõ yp|fppe è Neddcf|(

R|oifèjdo ioh ijcdj f wfèjdo è |eioyp|ve|f dfmceo iodf jh`j|oho cf ioyf( Ec <2 oppol|f :50<#èfie dfye òro cj èinej|j{eohf è mvf||j jc Mejrrohf f jccj Mf|djhej `j rj|pf `fmce Ypjpe Vhepe#ec r|fye`fhpf \ooyfwfcp o|èhü cj iohgeyij `fccf j{eohe `fccj Vheoh Ljhaehm Io|ro|jpeoh .VLI% ehzvjhpo jiivyjpj è gehjh{ej|f Nepcf| f è jwf|f if`vpo zvopf j{eohj|ef j edro|pjhpe mf|j|ine

hj{eype( R|fyiopp Lvyn f|j jcco|j j{eoheypj f è|fppo|f `fcc- VLI( Vhj zvfypeohf `fc djyyedoehpf|fyyf# iohye`f|jpo inf# òro fyyf|f yjcepo jc ropf|f hfc :599# Nepcf| jwfwj `fi|fpjpo c-jloce{eohf`fc `flepo fypf|o pf`fyio# iohp|jppo eh cj|mj rj|pf eh yfmvepo jc P|jppjpo è Wf|yjeccfy(

Omhe i|fèpo ehpf|hj{eohjcf jccj Mf|djhej hj{eypj f|j rf|pjhpo ehpf||oppo( Cj gjdemcej Nj||edjh fec yvo yoieo R|fyiopp Lvyn ye ehij|eij|oho è fggfppvj|f r|fyyo cj lo|yj è ]jcc Yp|ffp cf orf|j{eohehfifyyj|ef jggehinå p|jdepf G|jh{ Pnuyyfh f G|ef`|ein Gcein $ m|jh`f jdeio è Neddcf| f

rjp|oiehjpo|f `fccf ,ijdeief l|vhf,# cf YY f cf p|vrrf è jyyjcpo .YJ% $ Nepcf| ropfyyf jwf|f rj|{ejcfjiifyyo j i|fèpe ehpf|hj{eohjce# yfh{j e zvjce hoh yj|fllf dje |evyiepo j gehjh{ej|f cf edro|pj{eohe|einefypf `jccj yvj eh`vyp|ej lfcceij(

Ec <> oppol|f :50<# \ooyfwfcp o|èhü cj iohgeyij `fccf j{eohe è `vf iodrjmhef ypjpvhepfhye infiohp|elvewjho j` j|dj|f Nepcf|# cj Noccjh` Jdf|eijh P|jèhm Io|ro|jpeoh f cj Yfjdcfyy

Fzverdfhp Io|ro|jpeoh # fhp|jdlf jddeheyp|jpf `jccj ljhij è r|or|efpâ `fccj gjdemcej Nj||edjh#è ive f|j jcco|j è|fppo|f Lvyn( C―> howfdl|f :50<# dfhp|f eh Jg|eij# weieho j` Jcmf|e# ye|fmeyp|jwjho yjhmvehoye yiohp|e eh ive demcejej è yoc`jpe jdf|eijhe rf|`fwjho cj wepj# ec r|fye`fhpf

\ooyfwfcp o|èhü cj iohgeyij `fccf j{eohe `fccj YecfyejhJdf|eijh Io|ro|jpeoh # mfypepj o|dje `jèwf|ye jhhe `j R|fyiopp Lvyn f `j yvo yvoif|o Mfo|mf ]jcaf|( Cf zvjpp|o iohgeyinf fllf|o cvomohfc zvj`|o `fc ,P|jèhm }epn pnf Fhfdu Jip—# cfmmf wocpj j rvhe|f inevhzvf ro|pjyyf jwjhpe jggj|eioh ec hfdeio(

Cj yp|fppj ioccjlo|j{eohf inf cfmü Nepcf| jc hohho f jc leyhohho `fcc-jppvjcf r|fye`fhpf Mfo|mf ] Lvyn $ f `vhzvf j `vf èwf|ye |jde `fccj yvj gjdemcej $ ye rvü gj| |eyjce|f j lfh r|edj `fcc-jyifyj`fc hj{eydo jc ropf|f( Ocp|f inf ioh Nepcf| cj gjdemcej Nj||edjh# R|fyiopp Lvyn f Mfo|mf ]jcaf| jwfwjho ypjlecepo jhinf cfmjde ioh Dvyyocehe( P|jdepf c-jiio|ò ioh cj Mf|djh Ypffc fyyeo|hewjho j Nepcf|# p|j cf jcp|f ioyf# ec 62#> rf| ifhpo `fcc-jiiejeo `j ive ye |eijwjwjho mce

j|djdfhpe `fc Pf|{o \fein # ec 06#6 rf| ifhpo `fe iohòppe f `fccf pvljpv|f `fccj Mf|djhej hj{eypj fec 96 rf| ifhpo `fc djpf|ejcf fyrcoyewo ioh ive Nepcf| jw|fllf ypf|dehjpo docpe `fe yvoe hfdeie(

Omhe dfdl|o `fe Rj|pepo Hj{eohjcyoiejceypj .HY@JR% inf |eior|eyyf vhj ij|eij `ã |ecefwo jwfwjè|eppo j vh wejmmeo m|jpvepo iohifyyo `j vh-jcp|j `fccf iodrjmhef `fe Lvyn f `fe ]jcaf|# cj

Njdlv|mJdf|eaj Cehf ; zvfypj# inf `fpfhfwj ec dohoroceo `fmce jggj|e p|j mce Ypjpe Vhepe f cj

Mf|djhej è Nepcf|# mce jwfwj |fyo vh r|f{eoyo yf|we{eo hfc :59<# jhho eh ive cj \frvllceij è]fedj|# o|dje jc p|jdohpo# jwfwj iodrevpo vh vcpedo# èyrf|jpo f wjho pfhpjpewo è edrfè|hfc-jyifyj( Ec mowf|ho è ]fedj| f|j yvc rvhpo è o|èhj|f co ydjhpfccjdfhpo `fccf dece{ef r|ewjpf è



Nepcf|# dj cj Njdlv|m$Jdf|eaj Cehf ye f|j ehij|eijpj è |fh`f|f rvllceij zvfypj hope{ej#yoypfhfhò eh pjc doò vhj wf|j f r|or|ej r|orjmjh`j rocepeij j gjwo|f è Nepcf| f iohp|o cj

\frvllceij è ]fedj|(

Cf yo|r|fyf hoh geheyioho rf|ü zve; ocp|f jc yoypfmho oggf|po je hj{eype# ye r|ogecjho jcp|f zvfypeohe

ehpf|fyyjhpe( Pjhpo rf| gj|f vh fyfdreo# rf| Nepcf| f Ypjceh yj|fllf ypjpo docpo reõ iodrceijpoyoypfhf|f vhj mvf||j jrf|pj yf cj ljh`j Nj||edjh$Lvyn$]jcaf| hoh jwfyyf jcco ypfyyo pfdroj|djpo Nepcf| geho je `fhpe f |ego|hepo è ij|lv|jhpf cf p|vrrf |vyyf( F|j `jmce jhhe Wfhpe inf cjjdemcej ]jcaf| fyp|jfwj rfp|oceo `j Ljav .J{f|ljemejh% rf| roe |ewfh`f|co jcc-J|djpj \oyyj(

Ec cfppo|f hoh òw|fllf ypvre|ye p|orro è g|ohpf j zvfypf hope{ef( R|edj inf yiorrejyyf cj Yfioh`jMvf||j Dohèjcf# f jhio|j `v|jhpf ec iohgceppo# vhj koehp wfhpv|f cfmjwj cj Ypjh`j|` 2ec # è

r|or|efpâ `fccj gjdemcej \oiafgfccf|# jccj E(M( Gj|lfh # vh-edrohfhpf eh`vyp|ej inedeij pf`fyij( Docpe `fmce ypjlecedfhpe iodvhe jccj Ypjh`j|` Oec f jccj E(M( Gj|lfh yepvjpe hfccf eddfèjpfweiehjh{f `fe ijdre è iohifhp|jdfhpo hj{eype $ p|j ive Jvyin}ep{# rf| fyfdreo $ yg|vppjwjho eccjwo|o `fe r|emeohef|e rf| r|o`v||f vh―jdrej mjddj è r|oòppe inedeie# p|j ive ec Iuicoh$L# mjy

cfpjcf docpo èggvyo hfe cjmf| rf| ypf|dehj|f cf ypfyyf rf|yohf inf f|jho ioyp|fppf j r|o`v|co( F hohoypjhpf ec lodlj|`jdfhpo yeypfdjpeio ioh ive |jyf|o jc yvoco docpeyyedf ieppâ pf`fyinf `v|jhpfcj mvf||j# cf p|vrrf ypjpvhepfhye jme|oho yfdr|f ioh fyp|fdj ijvpfcj zvjhò ye p|jppjwj è iocre|f

{ohf eh r|oyyedepâ è zvfype ypjlecedfhpe inedeie( Hfc :506 cj Mf|djhej f|j yoppo vh ivdvco èdjif|ef# dj mce ypjlecedfhpe f|jho pvppe ehpjppe(

Jc cfppo|f |eyvcpf|â o|j go|yf vh ro- reõ inej|o rf|inå cj mfhpf gjiiej ioyã gjpeij j |efwoij|f ec rjyyjpo f yor|jppvppo rf|inå cj ,ypo|ej vggeiejcf, yej ioyã cohpjhj `jccj wf|epâ( F vh ro- reõ inej|o|eyvcpf|â jhinf ioyj nj ro|pjpo e Lvyn j fyyf|f zvfcco inf yoho omme( Hvccj è pvppo ieü wefhfdehedjdfhpf dfh{eohjpo hfccj leom|jgej |ero|pjpj yvc yepo vggeiejcf `fc Iohm|fyyo jdf|eijho#cvomo eh ive jccj gehf `fmce jhhe Yfyyjhpj R|fyiopp .–Mjdru—% Lvyn oiivrü ec yvo yijhho iodfyfhjpo|f eh |jrr|fyfhpjh{j `fcco ypjpo `fc Iohhfipeivp( F hoh hf rj|cj hfrrv|f cj yvj leom|jgej,vg geiejcf, ge|djpj `j Deiafu Nf|yao}ep{# –@vpu# Noho| Iovhp|u( Pnf Cegf jh` Cfmjiu og R|fyiopp

Lvyn—# vyiepj reõ o dfho hfcco ypfyyo rf|eoò eh ive jwfwj cvomo c-ehwjyeohf jdf|eijhj eh E|jz;jhinf zve e gjppe wfhmoho |eweyepjpe f ,|eieicjpe, yoppo jcp|j go|dj( Zvfcco inf ehwfif ye rvü wf`f|fyoho cf ioddowfhpe eddjmehe è ljdlehe inf wfhòho j|jhiejpj rf| p|f ifhpfyede jc leiinef|f ioheh djho vh ij|pfcco |ero|pjhpf cj yi|eppj ,NFCR YFH@ -MJDRU- PO ]JYNEHMPOH, j yoypfmho`fccj yvj ijdrjmhj fcfppo|jcf(

Yf pvppf cf ehgo|dj{eohe inf jllejdo go|hepo yvc hohho f yvc leyhohho è Lvyn df|epjho if|pjdfhpfvh-jppfhpj |egcfyyeohf# hoh wj rf|ü èdfhpeijpo inf c-ehpf|o rjfyjmmeo ivcpv|jcf f yoiejcf `fmce Ypjpe

Vhepe r|edj `fccj yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf f|j docpo èwf|yo `j zvfcco inf cj ypjdrj wo||fllfj|ie i|f`f|f omme( Ljypf|â iepj|f jcivhe fyfdre;

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r|orjmjhèypeij# ljyjpj yv vh ,r|om|jddj è wjypj yijcj è mvf||j ryeiocomeij iodr|fh`fhpforf|j{eohe yrfiejce iodrj|jlecf# hfccf r|oro|{eohe `fcco ygo|{o# jc r|omfppo -Djhnjppjh- `fccjyfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf,(Zvjcinf meo|ho reõ pj|è# ec 0 jr|ecf# ec r|fye`fhpf Nj||u P|vdjh eypepveyif# ioh vhj è|fppewjyfm|fpj# ec Ryuinocomeijc Yp|jpfmu Loj|` .Ryl% o|mjheydo `fcfmjpo j ,rejhegeij|f# ioo|èhj|f fè|emf|f hfcc-jdlepo `fccj rocepeij hj{eohjcf cf orf|j{eohe ryeiocomeinf, (

Hjpo yv |einefypj `fmce Ypjpe djmmeo|e |evhepe# ec Ryl# jc rj|e `fc m|vrro yrfiejcf ,Rjhfc :2/<, rjyyf|â yoppo ec iohp|occo `fc Hjpeohjc yfiv|epu iovhiec# `fc yoppoyfm|fpj|eo è Ypjpo# `fc yfm|fpj|eojccj @egfyj f `fc è|fppo|f `fccj Iej(



Cj ,mvf||j ryeiocomeij, î vh jggj|f decepj|f jgge`jpo je decepj|e( Ec <> jr|ecf :56<# ec iohyemcef|f r|fye`fh{ejcf# Inj|cfy @ovmcjy Kjiayoh jggf|dj inf yf|wf vh,r|omfppo rocepeio f vh rejho è mvf||j ryeiocomeij, ioh co yioro è ,wehif|f cj pf|{j mvf||jdohèjcf,(

Co ypfyyo r|fye`fhpf jdf|eijho# @}emnp Feyfhno}f|# ehpf|wefhf yvcc-j|modfhpo ehwepjhò j hoh

ehzvefpj|ye ,rf| zvfypo pf|dehf1 î yoco vhj rj|ocj è iehzvf yeccjlf( -Mvf||j ryeiocomeij- î cjljppjmcej rf| iohzveypj|f cf dfhpe f cj wocohpâ `fmce vodehe,(

Ec :² mfhhjeo :56=# r|fyyo cj ijyf|dj Rjyyjcjizvj è Wf|ohj# î eypepvepo ec \frj|po è mvf||j ryeiocomeij# roypo jccf è|fppf èrfh`fh{f `fc Iodjhò go|{f pf||fyp|e jccfjpf `fc Yv` Fv|orj.Gpyjf%(

Cf Go|{f j|djpf inf njhho mce yp|vdfhpe rf| ègfh`f|f co ,yrj{eo mfom|jgeio,# ye òpjho jhinf èzvfcce hfifyyj|e rf| pvpfcj|f co ,yrj{eo rocepeio,(

Hfyyvho rop|â dje è|f inf cj ljppjmcej iohp|o ec iodvheydo ehpf|ho f` ehpf|hj{eohjcf yej ypjpjiohòppj rf| ègfh`f|f co yrj{eo mfom|jgeio `fcc-Epjcej# dj hoh ye rvü yoypfhf|f inf cf Go|{f j|djpfjllejho jrr|ohpjpo e df{{e lfcceie rf| r|opfmmf|f co ,yrj{eo rocepeio, f# roe# hoh hf jllejho gjppovyo(

Yj|â lfhf |eio|`j|f# r|edj è ehe{ej|f c―jhjceye `fcc-j{eohf decepj|f eh Epjcej# inf e yf|we{e yfm|fpedecepj|e yoho vh |frj|po `fccf Go|{f j|djpf# hoh vh-fhpepâ j yå ypjhpf oyiv|j f yommfppj j`fwej{eohe(F inf eh vhj,mvf||j ryeiocomeij, gjppj è ,orf|j{eohe icjh`fypehf,# e |frj|pe eòhfe j ioh`v|cj yohoe yf|we{e yfm|fpe f hoh cf èweyeohe io|j{{jpf(Iodf omhe mvf||j# jhinf zvfccj ,ryeiocomeij, nj r|oòppo do|pe# gf|epe f r|emeohef|e # è ive îmevhpo ec dodfhpo è inejdj|f j |eyroh`f|f# èhjh{e jccj Ypo|ej# jiijhpo je wf|peie rocepeie zvfccedecepj|e inf c-njhho iohòppj ioh popjcf èyr|f{{o hfe iohg|ohpe `fcc-ehf|df rorocj{eohf iewecf# ioyã inf hoh fyepejdo j `fgehe|ce# ehyefdf je r|ede# hfdeie `fccj Rjp|ej(

C―JRRJ\JPO ROCEPEIODECEPJ\F

Jccj gehf `fccj Yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf# c―> djmmeo :506# pvppe e rj|pepe rocepeie# `jccf Jcre jccjYeiecej# djhpfhmoho eh j|de cf r|or|ef yp|vppv|f inf# djh djho# òw|fllf|o fyyf|f èyj|djpf djinf# eh |fjcpâ# iohyfmhjho yoco zvfc inf ljypj rf| `j|f jmce jccfjpe cj yfhyj{eohf è jwf|

r|owwf`vpo jccj ydolecepj{eohf `fccf go|dj{eohe rj|pemejhf è rj|pepo# iodvheypf# j{eoheypf#`fdoi|eypejhf# celf|jce(

Cf Go|{f j|djpf# `jc ijhpo co|o# yoho edrfmhjpf eh r|edj cehfj eh `vf rvhpe `fccj rfheyocj; cjYeiecej# òwf ye p|owjho j òwf| g|ohpfmmej|f ec dowedfhpo yfrj|jpeypj# eh go|dj vggeiejcf1 f eciohgehf o|efhpjcf ioh cj Kvmoycjwej# òwf hoh njhho jcivhj royyelecepâ `-ehpf|wfhpo rf|inå pvppo ecG|evce Wfhf{ej Mevcej rf|djhf yoppo |eme`j oiivrj{eohf decepj|f jccfjpj(

Hoh ie yj|â mvf||j g|j cf ropfh{f jhmco$yjyyohe f cj Kvmoycjwej rf|inå zvfyp-vcpedj hoh îjyyocvpjdfhpf eh m|jò è yoypfhf|cj( Hf yoho iohyjrfwoce e èrcodjpeie jdf|eijhe f l|epjhheie(

Ec := mevmho :507# c-jdljyiejpo|f l|epjhheio j Doyij ehwej jc Go|femh oggeif ec |fyoiohpo è vhioccozveo jwvpo ioh ec yvo ioccfmj# jdf|eijho# ]jcpf| Lf`fcc Ydepn;,Î iohwehpo $ yi|ewf $ inf Pepo# j Doyij# jllej r|oroypo je |vyye è jppjiij|f P|efypf# f inf zvfype



jllejho |fyrehpo ec rejho( Yfiohò ec mfhf|jcf# e |vyye ye |fhòho iohpo dfmceo è inevhzvf jcp|o#`fe cedepe `fccf j|djpf rj|pemejhf1 è iohyfmvfh{j yoho jc io||fhpf `fccj r|fij|efpâ `fcc-jppvjcfyepvj{eohf kvmoycjwj# yor|jppvppo `j vh rvhpo è weypj decepj|f( J yvo è|f# eh hfyyvhj ie|ioypjh{j

Doyij ehio|jmmf|â Pepo j |eyinej|f vho yiohp|o j|djpo ioh cf p|vrrf jccfjpf hfccj Wfhf{ej Mevcej(Yj lfheyyedo inf ieü ro|pf|fllf j vh iohgceppo g|j cf p|vrrf yowefpeinf f c-fyf|iepo jhmcojdf|eijho

inf î oppedjdfhpf fzverjmmejpo( E |vyye hoh `fye`f|jho eh jcivh doò jgg|ohpj|f vhj yedecfyepvj{eohf; hoh yj|fllf|o ioyã go|pe `j yijpfhj|f vhj mvf||j popjcf# jhinf yf èyrohfyyf|o èvh-ehe{ejcf yvrf|eo|epâ hvdf|eij,(

Ec meo|ho yviifyyewo# :> mevmho# ec yvo ioccfmj j Lfcm|jò# ehwej j Coh`|j vhj |fcj{eohf hfccj zvjcfhoh fyepj j yi|ewf|f;,C―V|yy yrf|j è |emvj`jmhj|f cj ge`viej `fcc-Epjcej yoypfhfhò cf |einefypf kvmoycjwf eh vhj if|pjjyf `fccf p|jppjpewf# f zvfccf è \odj eh vh dodfhpo yviifyyewo( Doyij hoh ye iv|j `fmce fggfppe è

zvfypo òrreo meoio yvccj Kvmoycjwej# inf î meâ vh rjfyf j ehgcvfh{j yowefpeij( Jc iohp|j|eo# c-Epjcejî gvo|e `jc lcoiio |vyyo f jyyvdf zvehè# yvc cvhmo rf|eoò# vh-edro|pjh{j djmmeo|f hfccf de|fdoyiowepf—(

Hoh ie yj|â mvf||j jc iohgehf o|efhpjcf# dj ec iohpfh{eoyo ioh cj Kvmoycjwej inf nj rfyjhpeyyede

|egcfyye yvc rejho ehpf|ho rf|inå ec Rj|pepo iodvheypj epjcejho# è|fppo `j Rjcde|o Pomcejppe# eh ljyfjccf è|fppewf |eifwvpf `j Koyer Ypjceh# yoypefhf cf r|fpfyf `fc dj|fyiejcco Koyer L|o{# `fppo ,Pepo,# yvP|efypf f Mo|e{ej# iohyfhpf jc mowf|ho epjcejho# r|fyef`vpo `j Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# f` jcco Ypjpodjmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo è ehe{ej|f cj ioypepv{eohf è m|vrre rj|jdecepj|e icjh`fypehe eh G|evce Wfhf{ejMevcej(

Cj ègfyj `fcc-epjcejhepâ `fccf pf||f e||f`fhpf rf|dfppf jc mowf|ho f` jcc-fyf|iepo è jhpeierj|fzvjhpo yj|â# roe# gjppo hfmce jhhe yviifyyewe yv pvppo ec pf||epo|eo hj{eohjcf; ehzvj`|j|f hfe m|vrreicjh`fypehe# j gejhio `fe rj|pemejhe ,lejhine,# e |f`vie `fccj \frvllceij yoiejcf epjcejhj# inf gjhho|ohpf iodvhf iohp|o mce evmoycjwe f` e iodvheype epjcejhe# co|o jccfjpe# ifdfhpjhò vhj jccfjh{j

inf ye f|j meâ go|djpj# |eyf|wjpjdfhpf# hfc io|yo `fc iohgceppo zvjhò e yoce j` orro|ye jcc-jwjh{jpj`fc E^ Io|rvy# eh doò hfifyyj|ejdfhpf èwf|yo rf| cj decepjh{j eh ijdre jwwf|ye# f|jho ypjpe e

rj|pemejhe `fccj èweyeohf ,Oyorro$G|evce, jc iodjhò è Ijhèò M|jyye# ,Wf|è,# f e ljppjmceohe`fccj \frvllceij yoiejcf epjcejhj# eh rj|peiocj|f zvfcce `fccj èweyeohf è gjhpf|ej è dj|ehj,@fiedj, jmce o|èhe è Kvheo Wjcf|eo Lo|mnfyf(

Cj coppj iohp|o ec hfdeio fypf|ho .mce kvmoycjwe% ye iohevmj ioh zvfccj iohp|o ec hfdeio ehpf|ho .eiodvheype epjcejhe% f ec g|ohpf ehpf|ho jhpeiodvheypj ye yjc`j f ye vheyif èdfhpeijhò cj rjyyjpjiohp|jrroye{eohf rocepeij f` e`focomeij(

Hfc pfdro inf ehpf|io||f g|j cj ij`vpj `fc mowf|ho r|fyef`vpo `j Gf||viieo Rj||e .<0 howfdl|f:506% f cj ioypepv{eohf `fc r|edo mowf|ho r|fyef`vpo `jc `fdoi|eypejho Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e .:2èifdl|f :506% # j Mo|e{ej# ec coijcf Iodepjpo è celf|j{eohf hj{eohjcf ioypepveyif cj go|dj{eohfj|jdecepj|f icjh`fypehj# `fhodehjpj,@eweyeohf Mo|e{ej—# go|pf è :(<22 vodehe# ioccfmjpj ioh ec 6²

Iodecepf| è Vèhf( C-:: èifdl|f :506# ec meo|ho yviifyyewo jcc-ehyfèjdfhpo è Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e jc mowf|ho# yfdr|fj Mo|e{ej# j iv|j è R|edo I|fypj# `fc ijrepjho Lj|lj# è L|vho Ioiejhhe f ioh cj ioccjlo|j{eohfè Ijhèò M|jyye# iodjh`jhpf `fccj# èweyeohf rj|pemejhj ,Oyorro$G|evce,# î ioypepvepj:-Jyyoiej{eohf rj|pemejhe epjcejhe .Jre%(Vggeiejcdfhpf# c-Jre î vh-jyyoiej{eohf rocepeij iodroypj `j |f`vie rj|pemejhe dj |efhp|j j refhopepoco hfc howf|o `fccf go|dj{eohe rj|jdecepj|e rf|inå î òpjpj è vhj yp|vppv|j j|djpj icjh`fypehjjhin-fyyj eh iohpjppo ioh mce vggeiejce `fcc-fyf|iepo(

Hfc dfyf è mfhhjeo# j Vèhf# e iodjh`jhpe `fccj èweyeohf ,Oyorro, |ej|djho e |frj|pe `jhòhfhope{ej jc ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo# mfhf|jcf \jggjfcf Ijò|hj(

Ec <> jr|ecf :507# ec iodjh`jhpf mfhf|jcf `fcc-J|dj `fe ij|jlehef|e# mfhf|jcf L|vhfppo L|vhfppe#

ehgo|dj rf|yohjcdfhpf ec r|fye`fhpf `fc Iohyemceo# Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# inf eh G|evce î ypjpo io$ypepvepo ec m|vrro rj|jdecepj|f ,G|jpfcce `-Epjcej,( J Mo|e{ej# c-:: mevmho :507# î i|fjpo# ec ,M|vrro L|emjpf Wfhf{ej Mevcej,# iodroypo `j rj|pemejhe



jhpeiodvheype(R|edj jhio|j `fccj ioypepv{eohf `fc 9² Io|ro wocohpj|e `fccj celf|pâ# inf rvü fyyf|f iohye`f|jpjvh-vhepâ jvyecej|ej `fcc-fyf|iepo vggeiejcdfhpf |eiohoyievpj f rvllceijdfhpf hopj# pvppe mce jcp|em|vrre icjh`fypehe yoho èrfh`fhpe f ioo|èhjpe `jcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo inf dfppf jèyroye{eohf vggeiejce# j|de f yoypfmho comeypeio lfh iohyjrfwocf inf ec co|o edrefmo iohp|o cj Kvmo$

ycjwej |efhp|j hfc howf|o `fccf royyelecepâ# dfhp|f î if|po zvfcco iohp|o e iodvheype epjcejhe(Yf cj r|fyfh{j `fccf Go|{f j|djpf hfe m|vrre rj|jdecepj|e ioypepvepe geh `jc howfdl|f :506 j |eòyyo`fccj g|ohpef|j o|efhpjcf î `j pvppe jiifppjpj f` jdrejdfhpf òivdfhpjpj# ygvdj geho j` jrrj|e|f

r|fyyoinå ehfyeypfhpf hfe m|vrre inf yoho ypjpe i|fjpe# yvc pf||epo|eo hj{eohjcf# hfc io|yo `fc :507 f#wej wej# geho jccj r|edjwf|j `fc :50>(

C-jhpeiodvheydo inf ye j|dj hoh rvü r|fyieh`f|f `jcc-jvpo|e{{j{eohf `fccf jvpo|epâ rocepeinf inf#j co|o wocpj# `fdjh`jho j zvfccf decepj|e c-ehij|eio è ioo|èhj|f cf jppewepâ `fe wj|e m|vrre p|jdepfc-J|dj `fe ij|jlehef|e f` e yf|we{e yfm|fpe(

Ec 9 dj|{o :507# j Decjho# ioh c-jrr|owj{eohf `fcco ypjpvpo f `fc |fmocjdfhpo r|owweyo|eo# cjInefyj jdl|oyejhj |eioypepveyif cj r|or|ej go|dj{eohf rj|jdecepj|f# ec Dowedfhpo`fcc-jwjhmvj|èj ijppoceij .Djie%# inf nj iodf |fzveyepo r|edo cj yfm|fpf{{j jhinf hfe iohg|ohpe

`fccf go|{f è roce{ej( Co èdoyp|jho cf eyp|v{eohe edrj|pepf je decepjhpe# ec <= dj|{o :50=# inf edrohmoho# hfc ijyo è òdjh`f `j rj|pf è jmfhpe f gvh{eohj|e `fccj Rvllceij Yeiv|f{{j# è ,è|f inf p|jppjye è o|mj he{{j{eohf ijppoceij ioh yiore ivcpv|jce f èwvcmj{eohf `fe r|ehiere i|eypejhe1 inf hoh fyeypf jcivh |fmeyp|o f inf hoh yejdo eh m|jò è go|he|f jcp|e fcfdfhpe,( Dj hoh fyeypoho `vlle yvc gjppo inf ec Djie yej ypjpo vh m|vrro rj|jdecepj|f r|fèyroypo# yoppo cjmve`j è wfyiowe f dohyemho|e# j rj|pfierj|f j` vhj mvf||j iewecf(

Hfc dfyf è gfll|jeo `fc :50># j` fyfdreo# ec m|vrro ,J|elf|po, iodvheij je r|or|e è|emfhpe èjwf|f =2 vodehe# ioh vhj yzvj`|j è r|ohpo edrefmo è :6 vodehe# < dep|j# > reypocf f 6 lodlf jdjho dj# yrfiegeij# inf eh ijyo è leyomho rvü iohpj|f yv wj|e m|vrre j|djpe `fcc-Ori j O|emmeo(

Ec m|vrro ,Mj|iej Do|fho, ehgo|dj è fyyf|f r|ewo è dvhe{eohe è |eyf|wj# f `fcehfj cj yepvj{eohf`fe p|jyro|pe# c―vleij{eohf `fccf gjll|einf# ehèijhò mce olefppewe `j ègfh`f|f g|j e zvjce cj inefyj#c-o|jpo|eo# ec iehfdj# cj yf`f `fccf Jice f` jcp|e jhio|j(Vh pf|{o m|vrro# ehgehf# cjdfhpj è jwf| roinf reypocf dj yfmhjcj è ehp|jppfhf|f oppede |jrro|peioh e ij|jlehef|e(

Ec :² jr|ecf :50># j Decjho# ec djmmeo|f `fe ij|jlehef|e Jhpoheo @e @jpo iohyfmhj je r|or|eyvljcpf|he# g|j e zvjce ec ijrepjho Jcò Jcpodj|f# iodjh`jhpf `fccj iodrjmhej è Decjho

yvlv|ljhj# vh r|odfdo|ej j pepoco è ,o|efhpjdfhpo, |fcjpewo jcc―ehzvj`|jdfhpo# j|djdfhpo f` edrefmo è wocohpj|e iewece ijppoceie `j rj|pf `fcc-J|dj(

Jc r|odfdo|ej î jccfmjpo vh fcfhio è rf|yohf ,jgge`jlece, `fc Djie# g|j cf zvjce yreiij J`jdo @fmce Oiine inf# hfe r|ede jhhe Yfppjhpj# yj|â j Decjho vho `fe r|opjmoheype `fcc-jhpeiodvheydo

rocepeio f yj|â# ehgehf# m|oppfyijdfhpf jiivyjpo è ,mocreydo,( Hoh i-î# eh ijdro ijppoceio# yoco ec Djie( Ec <= gfll|jeo :50># j Po|eho( \fhjpo Goefppj# |fyrohyjlecf `fcc-o|mjhe{{j{eohf rj|jdecepj|fijppoceij ,Wf`fppf, eh Refdohpf# yi|ewf j pjcf Ro{{jpe rf| ehgo|dj|co inf ,ec Iy .iohp|oyreohjmmeo $

H`|% î èyroypo j rf|dfppf|f inf zvjcivho è woe ehòyye cj èweyj è ij|jlehef|f(((Ec Iy î èyroypo jdfppf|f eh iohpjppo rf|yohjcf vho è woe1 f rfhyjwo j pf .wfè pv% ioh ec iodjhò `fe ij|jlehef|ecoijcf f jme|f yfdr|f jyyefdf( De rj|f inf zvfypj $ iohicv`f Goefppj $ yej vhj lvohj ioyj,(

C-> gfll|jeo :50># yv o|èhf rf|yohjcf è Reo ÊE# î ypjpo ioypepvepo ec ,Iodepjpo ieweio, è|fppo `j Cveme Mf``j# inf yj|â c-o|mjhe{{j{eohf rocepeij ioh cj zvjcf ec Wjpeijho iohp|jypf|â e yoiejc$iodvheype `fc ,G|ohpf rorocj|f,# f` jiijhpo j` fyyj# èyyedvcjpj f yfm|fpj# ie yj|â:-o|mjhe{{j{eohf rj|jdecepj|f r|ohpj j` ehpf|wfhe|f ioh cf j|de iohp|o e ,yfh{j @eo,# jhin-fyyj

`flepjdfhpf ioccfmjpj jccf Go|{f j|djpf f` jc yvo Ypjpo djmmeo|f( Hfc dfyf è jr|ecf `fc :507# j iv|j `fc iocohhfcco Vmo Io||jò Dvyio# î goh`jpj :-J|djpjepjcejhj `fccj celf|pâ .Jec% inf ye r|orohf è ègfh`f|f cf ,zvjpp|o celf|pâ, r|oicjdjpf `jccj Ij|pj



jpcjhpeij( Ec iocohhfcco Vmo Io||jò Dvyio î g|jpfcco `fc iocohhfcco Fppo|f Dvyio# iodjh`jhpf `fe yf|we{eyfm|fpe decepj|e# ioyã inf hohoypjhpf cj yrfivcj{eohf gjppj yvc iohpo è zvfypj o|mjhe{{j{eohf inf#jccj rj|e è pvppf cf jcp|f jhhowf|jwj g|j e yvoe m|fmj|e hvdf|oye |f`vie gjyieype# c-Jec rvü fyyf|fiohye`f|jpj vhj go|dj{eohf rocepeio$decepj|f mowf|hjpewj(

Hf gj pfypo c-fcfhio `fe iodrohfhpe `fc yvo iodepjpo ifhp|jcf# `froyepjpo r|fyyo c-jdljyiejpj jdf|eijhj `jc iocohhfcco Vmo Io||jò Dvyio# ec <9 oppol|f :50= ( Ec wf|peif `fcc-J|djpj è celf|j{eohf î iodroypo `j 96 rf|yohf# `fccf zvjce :2 yoho mfhf|jce# 0jdde|jmce f 9 iocohhfcce# pvppe iodrohfhpe è zvfccf mf|j|inef decepj|e inf# c―> yfppfdl|f :509# yef|jho yinef|jpf ioh mce jccfjpe(We yoho# ègjppe# c-jdde|jmceo Jclf|po @j [j|j inf jwfwj iohòppo cf hjwe epjcejhf# ioh e yfmhe `fccj|fyj# `j Pj|jhpo j Djcpj1 ec mfhf|jcf \fhjpo Yjh`jcce# deheyp|o `fcc-Jf|ohjvpeij hfc r|edo mowf|ho

Ljòmceo1 Mvypjwo \feyoce Djpnefv1 ec mfhf|jcf `fe ij|jlehef|e# Cveme Yjljpehe# yoco rf| iepj|hfjcivhe(

J` vcpf|eo|f ydfhpepj è zvjhpe iohpehvjho j r|fyfhpj|f c-JEC iodf vh― o|mjhe{{j{eohf,hfogjyieypj,# f j iohgf|dj|f cj djp|eif decepj|f `fccf yvf o|emehe we î cj hopj ehwejpj jc

@erj|pedfhpo è ypjpo `jcc-jdljyiejpo|f jdf|eijho j \odj# Kjdfy Icfdfhp @vhh# ec 6 yfppfdl|f:50= ( Eh zvfypj @vhh yfmhjcj inf –fyeypf vhj go|{j jhpeiodvheypj o|mjhe{{jpj yv yijcj hj{eohjcfhopj iodf J|djpj epjcejhj è celf|j{eohf .Jec% inf wfhhf i|fjpj hfccj r|edjwf|j `fc :507( Cfòdjh`f è j||vocjdfhpo yoho ypjpf <22(222 jhinf yf ec `jpo wefhf iohye`f|jpo oppedeypeio( Ec iodepjpo ifhp|jcf `fcc―Jec nj yf`f j \odj# orf|j jpp|jwf|yo jcpe iodjhè |fmeohjce# r|owehiejce#iodvhjce( Go|djpj `jcc―fyf|iepo# `jccj Dj|ehj f `je ij|jlehef|e# î vh-o|mjhe{{j{eohf $ yi|ewf @vhh$ jhio|j hoh lfhf j|djpj dj rop|fllf fyyf|f fzverjmmejpj yf `j rj|pf `fe iodvheype ie goyyf|odehjiif è weocfh{j jppewj—( Iodf r|jyye f comeij womceoho# c-jdljyiejpj jdf|eijhj vggeiejcdfhpf hoh rj|pfierj jcc-jppewepâ

`fcc-JEC# dj vhj cfppf|j ehwejpj `jc djyyohf G|jha Memceoppe jcc-jyyeypfhpf Yfm|fpj|eo è Ypjpo# Ho|djh J|dov|# ec <7 yfppfdl|f :50=# iohgf|dj c-ehpf|wfhpo jdf|eijho( Memceoppe yi|ewf;,Yoho è o|emehf epjcejhj f(((iohoyio iodf cjwo|jho e iodvheype `j zvjhò yoho ypjpo ioddeyyj|eojcc-Jyyeypfh{j rvllceij `fc deo rjfyf f no ropvpo wf`f|f cf co|o ifccvcf yfm|fpf eh j{eohf( Hoh

royyejdo jiiohyfhpe|f inf ieü jwwfhmj eh Epjcej# dj î r|or|eo zvfypo inf jwwf||â yf hoh gj|fdozvjcioyj rf| e m|vrre inf yoho jcc――eddfèjpj yeheyp|j `fc ifhp|o―( Pvppe e m|vrre celf|jce fyehif|jdfhpf `fdoi|jpeie# jhpeiodvheype zvjhpo ec hoyp|o ypfyyo mowf|ho# ye yfhpoho pf||elecdfhpfyio|jmmejpe f `fcvye( Yfhpoho inf ce jllejdo èdfhpeijpe òho jwf|ce dfyye eh refè# yrfief zvjhòce jllejdo jevpjpe j ioyp|ve|f :-J|djpj epjcejhj `fccj celf|pâ( F hoh royyejdo cjyiej|f inf yviif`jzvfypo# rf|inå yf òwfyyf ijrepj|f vh-jcp|j mvf||j# f @eo hoh womcej inf ijrepe# jcco|j gehe|fddo

rf| mvj`jmhj|ie eh Epjcej cj ypfyyj |frvpj{eohf inf j`fyyo jllejdo eh Kvmoycjwej rf| jwf| rf|dfyyo inf Denjkcowei wfheyyf edreiijpo `j Pepo,(

C-jrrj|pfhfh{j jccj djyyohf|ej# è G|jha Memceoppe iodf `fmce vggeiejce inf gjhho rj|pf `fc iodepjpo ifhp|jcf `fcc-Jec# cj yvj èrfh`fh{j `je wf|peie decepj|e# cj yvj gvh{eohf è go|{j `-v|po iohp|o e iodvheype# gjhho è zvfypj o|mjhe{{j{eohf c-fyfdreo jc zvjcf ye yoho eyre|jpe zvjhpe njhho gjppo `fccj commej R|orjmjh`j < `fc M|jh`f O|efhpf `-Epjcej# hfmce jhhe Yfyyjhpj# fYfppjhpj# vhj yp|vppv|j jpcjhpeij orf|jhpf jcc-ehpf|ho `fccj djyyohf|ej(

Cj yocj èggf|fh{j g|j :-J|djpj epjcejhj è celf|j{eohf f :j commej R< |eyef`f hfc gjppo inf cj |edj ye r|orohfwj è o|mjhe{{j|f vh fyf|iepo hfcc-fyf|iepo# owwf|o vhj go|{j rj|jdecepj|f eh

m|jò è jggejhij|f cf Go|{f j|djpf iohp|o e iodvheype# dfhp|f :j yfioh`j# dvpjpe e pfdre f cf iohè{eohe# nj r|oif`vpo j` vh j||vocjdfhpo yfcfppewo `fe r|or|e fcfdfhpe inejdjpe j ywocmf|f iodrepe rocepeie j` jcpo cewfcco# yvc rejho ehpf|ho f` ehpf|hj{eohjcf# ioh co olefppewo èinej|jpo èedrfè|f jc Rie c-ehm|fyyo eh vhj djmmeo|jh{j mowf|hjpewj(

Djyyohf|ej f Go|{f J|djpf ye ypjmcejho jrf|pjdfhpf jhinf jccf yrjccf `fc ,G|ohpf epjcejhojhpeiodvheypj,# cj ive eddehfhpf ioypepv{eohf î yfmhjcjpj eh vh |jrro|po `fc <2 djmmeo :507 infjpp|elveyif c-ehe{ejpewj jcc-jdde|jmceo \jggjfcf @f Iov|pfh# jc mfhf|jcf \olf|po Lfhiewfhmj f jc



yfhjpo|f Jclf|po Lf|mjdehe(Vh yfiohò |jrro|po jdf|eijho `fc := mevmho :507 jggf|dj inf ,vh m|vrro è rf|yohjcepâ

rocepeinf f decepj|e cfmjpe jmce jdlefhpe `fccj `fyp|j# ehio|jmmejpf f rf|geho gehjh{ejpf `j ifhp|e èoyyf|wj{eohf yp|jhef|e# njhho ehe{ejpo iohyvcpj{eohe ioh c-olefppewo è i|fj|f vh dowedfhpo rocepeioè ypjdro djyyoheio iohoyievpo iodf ec G|ohpf epjcejho jhpeiodvheypj(((ec yvo r|om|jddj rocepeio

hoh î jhio|j refhjdfhpf hopo( Î yehpodjpeio# iodvhzvf# inf ec dowedfhpo yej jrf|po j pvppe ehfdeie `fc iodvheydo# yrfiejcdfhpf je ie|ioce decepj|e f jmce f~ gjyieype,(

@vf hopf ehgo|djpewf `fcc-jhho yviifyyewo iohgf|djho inf ec G|ohpf epjcejho jhpeiodvheypj î ypjpofggfppewjdfhpf# ioypepvepo f hf inej|eyioho cf gehjcepâ(

Cj r|edj `fcc-> cvmceo :50=# |ecfwj inf e ijre `fcc-o|mjhe{{j{eohf ye |evhe|fllf|o hfccj yf`f `fccj Cv~ Gecd# j \odj# f inf j` fyyj j`f|e|fllf|o docpe vggeiejce `fe ij|jlehef|e( Cj yfioh`j# |eyjcfhpf jc :6 cvmceo :50=# yrfiegeij inf ec ,G|ohpf epjcejho jhpeiodvheypj,# goh`jpo `jcc-jdde|jmceo \jggjfcf @f Iov|pfh hfccj r|edjwf|j `fc :507# jw|fllf jyyvhpo cj `fhodehj{eo hf è ,P|vrrf hj{eohjce jhpeiodvheypf, f yj|fllf eh m|jò è ehpf|wfhe|f eh ijyo è èyo|èhe è

ej{{j( C-jppeweydo decepj|f eh ijdro rocepeio r|o`vif jhinf cj i|fj{eohf è vh jcp|o m|vrro j|jdecepj|f# ec ,G|ohpf jhpelocyifweio,# e ive r|odopo|e yoho ec iocohhfcco `fcc-Fyf|iepo# Ofpf

Lcjppo# eh yf|we{eo r|fyyo co Ypjpo djmmeo|f1 ec iocohhfcco `fcc-Jf|ohjvpeij# f~ |fyrohyjlecf `fc Yej#Vmo Geyinefppe# ec iocohhfcco `fc Yej# Jhmfco I|oifppj(

Ec G|ohpf jhpelocyifweio î oiivcpjpo yoppo cj iorf|pv|j `fcc-Jyyoiej{eohf rf| ec pv|eydo jf|foehpf|hj{eohjcf .Jpje%# f mevhmf j` jhhowf|j|f geho j <(622 vodehe rf| fyyf|f# vggeiejcdfhpf# è$yieocpo hfcc-fypjpf `fc :50>(

Ec cvomo iodvhf yvcc-jrocepeiepâ `fccf Go|{f j|djpf epjcejhf# yvc co|o èypjiio `jccf iohpfyf rocepeio$e`focomeinf p|owj hfccj ypo|ej `fccf go|dj{eohe rj|jdecepj|e `fc yfiohò òromvf||j cj demceo|f f cj

reõ hfppj `fccf ydfhpepf( Hoh i-î m|vrro è fyp|j{eohf jhpeiodvheypj inf# zvjhò hoh yej ypjpo r|odoyyo `j vggeiejce `fccfGo|{f j|djpf# |jrr|fyfhpjhpe è pvppf f p|f cf J|de .Fyf|iepo# Dj|ehj f` Jf|ohjvpeij%# hoh yej ehypjlecf iohpjppo jcdfho ioh e ij|jlehef|e# ohher|fyfhpe f` ohheyiefhpe (

Eh `vf jhhe# `jc :507 jc :50># c-jhpeiodvheydo epjcejho ye j|dj yoppo ec iohp|occo `fc mowf|ho f `feyvoe o|mjheyde decepj|e f è roce{ej rf| gj|f g|ohpf j` vhj dehjiiej inf jrrj|f yoco eropfpeij(

Jcc-fcfhio `fccf go|dj{eohe meâ iepjpf ye royyoho jmmevhmf|f# j pepoco è fyfdreo# ec ,Dowedfhpojhpeiodvheypj |frvllceijho epjcejho, .Dji|e%# go|pf# yfiohò vhj hopj ehgo|djpewj `fc 9: èifdl|f:507# è vhèiedecj vodehe f eh iohpjppo ioh ec djgeoyo Yjcwjpo|f Mevcejho1 dfhp|f# hfc dfyf è

mevmho `fc :50=# j \odj# î i|fjpj :-,Vheohf rjp|eoppeij jhpeiodvheypj, .Vrj% inf gj ijro è|fppjdfhpf jcc-J|dj `fe ij|jlehef|e( C-jrrj|jpo icjh`fypeho `fc Rj|pepo Iodvheypj epjcejho ye p|owj j òwf| g|ohpfmmej|f vhj de|ej`f è m|vrre f` o|mjhe{{j{eohe rj|jdecepj|e hoh vggeiejce# djmj|e ycfmjpf g|j fyyf# r|ewf ieoî è ioccfmjdfhpe o|e{{ohpjce# dj wf|peijcdfhpf èrfh`fhpe# yoppo ec r|ogeco `fc ioo|èhjdfhpo# `jcco

Ypjpo Djmmeo|f `fccj @egfyj # eh go|dj oiivcpj(Vhj iohgf|dj ehè|fppj wefhf `jcc-jvpo|fwocf pfypedohejh{j `fc mfhf|jcf Jdl|omeo Wewejhe# yfiohò ec zvjcf# hfc :50=# hfcc-jdlepo `fcc-Vggeieo Orf|j{eohe `fcco Ypjpo Djmmeo|f `fcc-Fyf|iepo |eyvcpjwj orf|jhpf vhj ,yf{eohf ehgo|dj{eohe, inf hoh y―e`fhpegeijwj ioh c-Vggeieo Ehgo|dj{eohe

f# hfcc―jdlepo `fc :² \frj|po `fcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-Jf|ohjvpeij |eyvcpjwj eh gvh{eohf vhj

yf{eohf ehgo|dj{eohe èypehpj `jc Yf|we{eo ehgo|dj{eohe jf|ohjvpeij .Yej%( Ec :2 djmmeo :50=# ioh @`c h( 927# wefhf fdjhjpo c-o|èhjdfhpo `fc deheypf|o `fccj @egfyj f# hfcc-jdlepo `fc Mjlehfppo `fc deheyp|o# wefhf eypepvepo vh ,Vggeieo jggj|e |eyf|wjpe— ioh iodrepe inf hoh wfhmoho yrfiegeijpe(Vhj |eyroypj jcc-fyeypfh{j è zvfypo deypf|eoyo vggeieo ye rvü go|yf p|owj|f eh vh dfdo|jh`vd

|f`jppo `jcc-jdljyiejpo|f l|epjhheio eh Epjcej# Weipo| Djccfp# |fcjpewo j` vh ioccozveo g|j ec r|f

ye`fhpf `fc Iohyemceo Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# ec deheyp|o `fmce Fypf|e Ij|co Ygo|{j f` ec yvo odocomo l|epjhheio Jhpnohu F`fh# `fc 92 èifdl|f :50= ( @f Mjyrf|e# ègjppe# ehgo|dj F`fh è jwf| ,ehij|eijpo ec yemho| Rjiiej| e# vho `fe hvowe



weifr|fye`fhpe `fc Iohyemceo f cfj`f| `fc Rj|pepo |frvllceijho# è jme|f eh zvjcepâ è r|fye`fhpf èvhj yo|pj è iodepjpo rf| cj ègfyj iewecf,(

Hoh ie yoho yoco cf go|dj{eohe rj|jdecepj|e i|fjpf `jcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo eh go|dj reõ odfho oiivcpj o# iodvhzvf# rf| ehe{ejpewj è jcpe vggeiejce `fccf p|f J|de f `fe Ij|jlehef|e(

Cj coppj rocepeij epjcejhj# ehgjppe# ye decepj|e{{j dj eh go|dj icjh`fypehj rf|inå î vggeiejcdfhpf

po|hjpj cj rjif f` e rj|pepe e`focomeijdfhpf hfdeie iohwewoho hfcco ypfyyo mowf|ho# dfhp|f e yoypfhepo|e `fccj \frvllceij ye r|frj|jho j` jlljppf|f cj dohj|inej f` e dohj|ineie j ègfh`f|fIjyj Yjwoej(Geho jc < mevmho :507# cj hfifyyepâ è |fypj|f ioh cf j|de eh rvmho |eyroh`f j` vhj comeijjdlewjcfhpf; `j vh cjpo zvfccj `fccj royyelecepâ `fcco yiohp|o g|j jhpeiodvheype f iodvheype# `jc$c-jcp|o# zvfccj è vhj mvf||j iewecf g|j dohj|ineie f |frvllceijhe (Ioyã# ec :9 gfll|jeo :507# c-jmfhpf KA<9 `fcc-OYY # hfc |jrro|po ehpepocjpo ,Jppewepâ rocepeinficjh`fypehf,# yi|ewf inf jc ,iodjhò è Rjiiej|è# e |frvllceijhe njhho r|oljlecdfhpf hjyioypom|jhè zvjhpepâ è j|de f o|mjhe{{jpo go|{f decepj|e icjh`fypehf,(

Co ypfyyo meo|ho# vh jcp|o |jrro|po `fcco ypfyyo Oyy# |fcjpewo j` ,O|mjhe{{j{eohf dohj|ineij \jjd$\frj|pe jhpepopjcepj|e jhpedj|~eype dohj|ineie,# yfmhjcj;

,Cj \jjd î vhj o|mjhe{{j{eohf jhpeiodvheypj r|o dohj|ineij orf|jhpf jcc-ehpf|ho `fccf go|{fj|djpf epjcejhf f jc iodjhò `fc dj|fyiejcco Dfyyf( Î go|djpj `j reiioce m|vrre è yfe o yfppf rf|$yohf mve`jpe `j vggeiejce `fcc-fyf|iepo# `fccj dj|ehj f `fe ij|jlehef|e( Ye iohpjho jhinf docpeiewece(((Ye èif inf r|frj|e eh yfm|fpo vh-ehyv||f{eohf j|djpj ioh c-jevpo è rj|pepe rocepeie f cfecfmjpe( E yvoe r|ehierjce ifhp|e ye p|owjho j \odj# j Decjho# Hjroce# Ifyjho# Jv|fcej f Jcpo Jèmf,(

Jhio|j ec 92 djmmeo :507# Io||jò Lohgjhpehe f Ij|co Jh`|fohe èyp|elveyioho j|de je decepjhpeyoiejceype eh r|fweyeohf è vh iocro è Ypjpo dohj|ineio(

Jhinf e yf|we{e yfm|fpe jdf|eijhe rjwfhpjho cj royyelecepâ è vh iocro è djho# eh zvfypo ijyoiodvheypj# eh ijyo è weppo|ej dohj|ineij jc |fgf|fh`vd `fc < mevmho :507(

Cj wjcvpj{eohf inf hf gjhho# ec := jr|ecf :507# eh |eyroypj j` vhj |einefypj jwjh{jpj `jc r|fye`fhpf`fc Iohyemceo# Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# jrrj|f |fjceypeij;,Fiifppo inf rf| cf r|owehif `fcc-Fdecej \odjmhj# ye |epefhf edr|oljlecf ec |eio|yo jccj go|{j yf hohioh pfhpjpewe yro|jèie f cedepjpe coijcdfhpf( Hfyyvhj r|owj è r|frj|jpewe è iocre è Ypjpo( E iodvheype |eyvcpjho dfmceo j|djpe f` o|mjhe{{jpe `fmce jcp|e rj|pepe# dj jhinf zvfype rf|codfho jif|pe cewfcce |eyvcpjho j|djpe( Yf cj dohj|inej òwfyyf wehif|f ec |fgf|fh`vd ioh vhj djmmeo|jh{jdehedj# jcco|j zvfypo rop|fllf ioypepve|f co yrvhpo rf| vh royyelecf iocro è Ypjpo è yeheyp|j(((,

Ec < mevmho :507 wehif cj \frvllceij(Wefhf ioyã fwepjpo vh royyelecf yiohp|o g|j |frvllceijhe f dohj|ineie inf jw|fllf jggejhijpe g|j e

r|ede# yrjccj j yrjccj# m|jh rj|pf `fe |f`vie `fccj \frvllceij yoiejcf f rj|pemejhe `fccf l|emjpf,Mj|eljcè, ioh iohyfmvfh{f edr|fwfèlece rf| cj yviifyyewj ypo|ej epjcejhj(Weifwf|yj# hfyyvho ye dvowf( C-Fyf|iepo jiifppj ec |eyvcpjpo# c-J|dj `fe |fjce ij|jlehef|e gj

jcp|fppjhpo# cj |fmej Dj|ehj decepj|f ye cedepj j` jiiodrjmhj|f cj |fmehj Dj|ej Koyå f cj yvjjdemcej# ec 6 mevmho :507# j` Oro|po .Ro|pomjcco%# j lo|ò `fcc-ehi|oiejpo|f ,@vij `fmce Jl|v{{e,( Cj rj|pfh{j rf| Oro|po è Vdlf|po EE# ec :9 mevmho :507# `jcc-jf|oro|po è Iejdreho yiohmev|j`fgehepewjdfhpf ec rf|eioco è vho yiohp|o g|j cf `vf orroypf gj{eohe# dj cf j|de hoh wfhmoho|eroypf(

C-fyepo `fccf wopj{eohe rf| c-fcf{eohf `fcc-Jyyfdlcfj Ioypepvfhpf nj# ègjppe# roypo eh fwe`fh{j cjo|{j fcfppo|jcf `fe rj|pepe `fcc-fyp|fdj yeheyp|j epjcejhj(

Cj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj# ye î jggf|djpj iodf ec r|edo rj|pepo epjcejho ioh >(:2:(020 wope# jccf yvfyrjccf rf|ü ec Rj|pepo yoiejceypj iohpj 0(=6>(:<5 wope f zvfcco iodvheypj 0(967(7>7# rf| vh popjcf

rf| e `vf rj|pepe è 5(::0(>:> wope# vh hvdf|o pjcf inf ymodfhpj c-jhpeiodvheydo epjcejho f` ehpf|hj{eohjcf(

Yiohmev|jpo ec rf|eioco `fcco yiohp|o g|j dohj|ineie f |frvllceijhe# èhjh{e jcc-fwe`fh{j `fe|eyvcpjpe fcfppo|jce yej mce jhpeiodvheype inf e iodvheype hoh fyicvòho cj royyelecepâ è gj|f |eio|yojccj go|{j rf| mevhmf|f jc ropf|f eh Epjcej(



Ypjpe vhepe f M|jh L|fpjmhj yjhho rf|gfppjdfhpf inf hoh yj|â Koyer Ypjceh j` jvpo|e{{j|f ec Rie#è|fppo `j vh vodo è yvj ge`viej iodf Rjcde|o Pomcejppe# j pfhpj|f cj iohzveypj `fc ropf|f eh Epjcej

rf| wej ehyv||f{eohjcf rf|inå co wefpjho mce jiio|è è Kjcpj# cj ive weocj{eohf hfccj ygf|j`―ehgcvfh{j oiie`fhpjcf rop|fllf jvpo|e{{j|f mce jhmco$yjyyohe j` ehpf|wfhe|f jcc-ehpf|ho `fe rjfye`fcc-Fv|orj `fcc-fyp# eh ive e rj|pepe iodvheype hoh njhho jhio|j iohyoce`jpo ec co|o ropf|f(

Dj# yf ec Rj|pepo iodvheypj epjcejho ehyefdf j zvfcco yoiejceypj goyyf eh m|jò hfc me|o è roine jhheè oppfhf|f cj djmmeo|jh{j |fcjpewj `fe wope# jizveyfhò ec è|eppo è go|dj|f ec mowf|ho# iodf

rop|fllf|o cf `fdoi|j{ej jhmco$yjyyohe iohpfypj|f vh ropf|f |jmmevhpo rf| wej fcfppo|jcf#`fdoi|jpeij# ljyjpj yvc iohyfhyo è m|jh rj|pf `fcc-fcfppo|jpo epjcejho?

Ye djpf|ejce{{j# eh zvfypo doò# cj m|jh`f rjv|j `fcc-jhpeiodvheydo# zvfccj `fcc-jmme|jdfhpo `fe rjppe è Kjcpj rf| wej fcfppo|jcf `j rj|pf `fc Rie f `fe yvoe jccfjpe# inf iohè{eohf|â eh doò p|jmeiopvppj cj wepj epjcejhj geho je r|ede jhhe Oppjhpj(Zvjce iohp|odeyv|f jòppj|f rf| yiohmev|j|f zvfypo rf|eioco?

Cj ioypepv{eohf# eh go|dj rf|djhfhpf# è vh jrrj|jpo decepj|f yfm|fpo |efhp|j if|pjdfhpf hfchowf|o `fccf deyv|f r|fyf `je mowf|he `fdoi|eypejhe eh jiio|ò ioh co Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj#

rf| g|ohpfmmej|f p|f fwfhpvjcepâ;:² $ cj royyelecepâ inf ec Rj|pepo iodvheypj pfhpe vh iocro è djho rf| edrj`|ohe|ye `fc ropf|f(<² $ Cj royyelecf |fj{eohf j|djpj `fe iodvheype èhjh{e jccj yiohgeppj fcfppo|jcf `fc :> jr|ecf :50>#iohye`f|jpj if|pj# f jccj co|o yviifyyewj fyp|odeyyeohf `jc mowf|ho1

9² $ vhj royyelecf weppo|ej fcfppo|jcf `fc Rie jc zvjcf leyomhf|â edrfè|f è go|dj|f ec hvowomowf|ho f# iodvhzvf# è mowf|hj|f(

C-jrrj|jpo rocepeio$decepj|f jw|â# zvehè# iodrepe ègfhyewe f` oggfhyewe dj# hfc io|yo `fmce jhhe#



hjvg|jmjpf cf eropfye è vhj ehyv||f{eohf iodvheypj rf| edrj`|ohe|ye `fc ropf|f o rf| |fjme|f j` vhj yiohgeppj fcfppo|jcf# jcc―fyp|odeyyeohf `fc rj|pepo `jc mowf|ho o jccf r|owoij{eohe `fe mowf|he`fdoi|eypejhe# |fypf|jhho wjceè yoco zvfype vcpede inf# wej wej# yj|jhho e yoce j` fyyf|f iohye`f|jpef` jppvjpe geho jc :5=5# zvjhò rf| cj r|edj wocpj hfccj ypo|ej `fc òromvf||j ec Rj|pepo iodvheypjehe{ef|â j rf|`f|f iohyfhye fcfppo|jce f ifyyf|â è |jrr|fyfhpj|f vhj dehjiiej rf| c-jhpeiodvheydo

ehpf|ho f` ehpf|hj{eohjcf( C―fyeypfh{j è vh jrrj|jpo rocepeio$decepj|f oiivcpo è|fppo `jcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj# yoppoec iohp|occo `fe mowf|he `fdoi|eypejhe hoh î vhj df|j eropfye(

Hfc dfyf è oppol|f `fc :50=# ec yfm|fpj|eo hj{eohjcf `fccj @fdoi|j{ej I|eypejhj# Jppeceo Reiieohe# jgge`j j Rjoco Fdeceo Pjwejhe c―ehij|eio è ioo|èhj|f cf jppewepâ `fccf go|dj{eohe rj|jdece pj|e icjh`fypehf inf gjhho ijro jc rj|pepo# f inf yoho iodroypf hfccj zvjye popjcepâ `j f~ rj|pemejhe( Ec = howfdl|f :50=# c-j|modfhpo |fcjpewo jccj yp|vppv|j rj|jdecepj|f wefhf jgg|ohpjpo hfc io|yo èvhj |evheohf `fccj è|f{eohf hj{eohjcf(Mevyfrrf @oyyfppe oyyf|wj inf e iodvheype ,yoho eh m|jò è djyyji|j|f pvppe e hoyp|e zvj`|e

rf|egf|eie ioh roine vodehe,# f inef`f è ,ehyf|e|f ec hoyp|o rejho hfc rejho mfhf|jcf `fc mowf|ho,( Dj|eo Yifclj# deheyp|o `fmce Ehpf|he# jggf|dj inf oiio||f ,dfppf|f ec rj|pepo eh jyyfppo è ègfyj—

rf|inå ,ec mowf|ho hoh rvü g|ohpfmmej|f pvppo f `jrrf|pvppo, f inf# ehocp|f# ,leyomhj dfppf|ye`-jiio|ò ioh e rj|pepe inf ehpfhòho ègfh`f|f `fieyjdfhpf cf celf|pâ `fdoi|jpeinf,(G|j zvfype vcpede ye ioccoij ec Dowedfhpo Yoiejcf Epjcejho(

Hoh òwfwj ec ,hfogjyieydo,# yfiohò cj yp|jpfmej `fcehfjpj `j Reho \odvjcè hfc cvmceo `fc :507#|emvj`jmhj|f e gjwo|e `fccj lo|mnfyej epjcejhj ,`jccj iohmfhepj we mcejiinf|ej—# rohfhòye jccjjwjhmvj|èj `fccj ljppjmcej iohp|o ec iodvheydo?

C-fwfhpvjcepâ è vho yiohp|o j|djpo ioh e iodvheype fyjcpj Meo|meo Jcde|jhpf inf eh wepj yvj hoh njdje iodljppvpo# dj yj è ropf| iohpj|f yv èwf|yf demcejej è |f`vie `fccj \frvllceij yoiejcfj``fyp|jpe decepj|dfhpf f èyrohelece jccj ljppjmcej(Meâ ec :² gfll|jeo :50=# Meo|meo Jcde|jhpf jwfwj yi|eppo j G|jhio @f Jmj{eo# è|fppo|f `f ,Ec

Df|eèjho `-Epjcej—# j Decjho# rf| |einef`f|f ec yvo ehpf|wfhpo r|fyyo ec ij|èhjcf è P o|eho# Goyyjpe; ,Ij|o @f Jmj{eo# j hodf `fc Dowedfhpo pe r|fmo è vhj deyyeohf v|mfhpf f` edro|pjhpeyyedj( Jllejdo jwvpj hope{ej yeiv|j inf ec ij|èhjcf Goyyjpe è Po|eho nj iohwoijpf j|fiinef rf|yohf f rf|yohjcepâ jcco yioro è j`èwfhe|f jccj goh`j{eohf eh Refdohpf è yzvj`|f

è |fyeypfh{j jhpeiodvheypj( Pv ijre|je ioyj yemhegeij f ioyj rvü yemhegeij|f ieü( Jggeèjdozvehè j pf cj deyyeohf è jh`j|f j Po|eho# royyelecdfhpf ioh jcp|j rf|yohj è ge`viej# è gj|pe j`

omhe ioypo |eifwf|f `jc Goyyjpe f è r|oyrfppj|mce cj royyelecepâ inf ec Dye ioccjlo|e ioh cve(((,( Ec :7 jr|ecf :50=# c-jmfhpf jdf|eijho Lj||fp# eh vh yvo |jrro|po# yfmhjcj inf j Hjroce# ,iodf iohp|odeyv|j iohp|o cj weocfh{j iodvheypj(((Ec Dowedfhpo yoiejcf epjcejho .Dye% nj ehe{ejpo j è yp|elve|f j|de jvpodjpeinf je yvoe decepjhpe f nj hodehjpo vh mfhf|jcf .cj ive e`fhpepâ î emhopj% jc iodjhò `fccf gj{eohe,(

J r|fyieh`f|f `jccf ehe{ejpewf jyyvhpf yvc rejho coijcf eh wj|e ifhp|e `fccj rfheyocj# cj yp|vppv|jicjh`fypehj rj|jdecepj|f `fc Dowedfhpo yoiejcf epjcejho y-e`fhpegeij ioh e Gjyie è j{eohf|ewocv{eohj|ej# goh`jpe hfcc-fypjpf `fc :507# `j Reho \odvjcè inf î# iohpfypvjcdfhpf# vho `feoh`jpo|e `fcco ypfyyo Dye(

Iodf ec rj|pepo inf |jrr|fyfhpj cj yp|vppv|j cfmjcf# rocepeij f` vggeiejcf# jhinf e Gj| yohovh―fdjhj{eohf è|fppj `fe yf|we{e yfm|fpe jdf|eijhe f` epjcejhe(

Ec <5 oppol|f :507# ec ijro `fccj roce{ej# Cveme Gf||j|e# yfmhjcj je zvfypo|e è \odj f G|oyehohfpjcf Jhpoheo @e Cfmmf# jcejy Zvehpo \odjhe# ec zvjcf jggf|dj è fyyf|f jc yf|we{eo `fmce jhmco$jdf|eijhe rf| e zvjce o|mjhe{{j# jhinf ioh cj ioccjlo|j{eohf è Reho \odvjcè# ,m|vrre j|djpejhpeiodvheype,(

@vf meo|he reõ pj|è# ec 9: oppol|f# mce fl|fe `fcc―E|mvh è Dfhjinfd Lfmeh gjhho yjcpj|f eh j|ej

cj yf`f `fcc―jdljyiejpj l|epjhheij j \odj# ioh c-fyrcoyewo go|hepo `jcco ypfyyo Reho \odvjcè inf ioccjlo|j ioh c-o|mjhe{{j{eohf pf||o|eypeij fl|jeij# yv ehwepo `fe yf|we{e yfm|fpe epjcejhe f` jdf|eijhe# mce ypfyye inf njhho meâ ypjlecepo ec iohpjppo g|j mce vodehe è Kvheo Wjcf|eo Lo|mnfyf f



mce fyrohfhpe `fc yeoheydo j|djpo( Cj iohgf|dj# yf dje yf|wf# mevhmf `j vhj hopj ehgo|djpewj `fe yf|we{e yfm|fpe decepj|e `fcc-::

fll|jeo :505# inf yfmhjcj iodf c-jmfhpf jdf|eijho Koyfrn Cvohmo jllej |einefypo j rf|yohj hohe`fhpegeijpj yf ec mowf|ho epjcejho ye jwwjcf `fcc-orf|j `fe Gjyie è j{eohf |ewocv{eohj|ej rf| e zvjcemce jdf|eijhe njhho yrfyo go|pe yoddf rf| ropfh{ej|ce f dfppf|ce eh m|jò è jme|f eh ijyo è

yoccfwj{eohe è yeheyp|j( C-:: gfll|jeo :50># vhj hopj ehgo|djpewj `fc deheypf|o `fmce Ehpf|he yfmhjcj inf î ypjpo iohicvyo,vh edro|pjhpf jiio|ò((( p|j ec Dye f jcivhe eh`vyp|ejce `fcc-Jcpj Epjcej# meâ yowwfh{eohjpo|e `fcjyieydo(((rf| c―jrro|po è gohè rf| vh djmmeo|f ehi|fdfhpo `fc c-o|mjhe{{j{eohf `fc dowedfhpo,#

hohinå cj i|fj{eohf ,j \odj è vhj l|emjpj iodroypj `j f~ iodljppfhpe f` fcfdfhpe gjyieype rf| cjègfyj fypf|hj `fccj ijrepjcf iohp|o mce jppjiine iodvheype,# jgge`jpj jc iodjhò è vh f~ iohyocf`fccj Dece{ej(

@vf meo|he òro# ec :9 gfll|jeo# ec zvfypo|f è \odj yfmhjcj# eh vh jrrvhpo# inf cj yfm|fpf|ejhj{eohjcf `fc Dye# ,eh r|fweyeohf è royyelece jmm|fyyeohe jccf yvf yfè,# nj inefypo jccf yf{eohe

rf|egf|einf ,hodehjpewe è eyi|eppe èyroype j ioypepve|f yrfiejce yzvj`|f è ègfyj,( C―jppeweydo eh ijdro rj|jdecepj|f `fc Dowedfhpo yoiejcf epjcejho hoh î gehf j yå ypfyyo# rf|inå ec

rj|pepo è Meo|meo Jcde|jhpf r|oif`f è iodvhf jiio|ò ioh cj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj yvc rejhojppeweypeio# ioh yzvj`|f go|djpf `j decepjhpe è fhp|jdle e rj|pepe# f ye jrr|fypj j ywocmf|f

r|orjmjh`j fcfppo|jcf rf| ec rj|pepo è Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e |ehvhiejhò rf|geho j vhj rj|pf è wopeinf rop|fllf|o iohgcve|f yvc yvo yedloco# rf| jwf|f cj royyelecepâ è fhp|j|f j gj| rj|pf# j refhopepoco# è zvfe rj|pepe rocepeie inf ehpfhòho ègfh`f|f `fieyjdfhpf cf celf|pâ `fdoi|jpeinf,# iodfjggf|djpo `jc deheyp|o `fmce Ehpf|he# Dj|eo Yifclj(

Ec Dowedfhpo yoiejcf epjcejho yj|â# ehgjppe# ehyf|epo yej hfc rejho è ègfyj `fcco Ypjpo inf eh zvfcco r|fèyroypo rf| c-jvpoègfyj `fe rj|pepe rocepeie# `fe co|o vodehe f `fccf co|o yfè inf fhp|f|â eh

vh{eohf hfcc-eddehfh{j `fccf fcf{eohe rocepeinf `fc :> jr|ecf :50>(Yf ec <7 èifdl|f :507# ec Dowedfhpo yoiejcf hjyif iodf dowedfhpo rocepeio cfmeppedjpo j` orf|j|f hfccj hvowj Epjcej royp lfcceij # `fdoi|jpeij f` jhpegjyieypj# ec :> jr|ecf :50> |eifwf cj yvjiohyji|j{eohf iodf iocohhj ro|pjhpf `fc yeypfdj rj|cjdfhpj|f yvccj ive jgge`jlecepâ hfccj coppjiohp|o ec iodvheydo f hfccj gf`fcpâ mce Ypjpe vhepe `-Jdf|eij hoh ie rop|jhho fyyf|f `vlle è yo|pj(

Jh{e# hfmce jhhe j wfhe|f# yj|â r|or|eo ec Dye j go|he|f jcco Ypjpo f` jccf yvf yp|vppv|f yfm|fpf fyfm|fpeyyedf mce vodehe rf| ioh`v||f cj mvf||j iewecf inf# dfèjhpf cj `fypjlece{{j{eohf `fcc-o|èhf

rvllceio# |evyie|â j ypjlece{{j|f zvfcc-o|èhf rocepeio è ive î rj|pf ehpfm|jhpf( Hoh ie yoho yoco cj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj f` ec Dowedfhpo yoiejcf edrfmhjpe j r|frj|j|ye j` vhfwfhpvjcf yiohp|o decepj|f# rf|inå ec :5 gfll|jeo :50># j rjcj{{o @|jmo# j \odj# ye ywocmf vhj|evheohf jccj zvjcf r|fhòho rj|pf wfhpvho rf|yohf rf| ypvèj|f e rejhe `j jppvj|f eh ijyo èweppo|ej fcfppo|jcf `fc G|ohpf rorocj|f(We r|fhòho rj|pf# ioh jcp|e# ec mfhf|jcf Mvypjwo \feyoce Djpnefv# ec dj|fyiejcco Meowjhhe Dfyyf#

c-jdde|jmceo Pnjoh `f \fwfc# ec r|ehierf Iocohhj# Yj|po|eo rf| cj Iohge`vyp|ej# f` Fdeceo Rjp|eyye( C-olefppewo î ioo|èhj|f c-jppewepâ è zvfe m|vrre rj|jdecepj|e inf òw|jhho jggejhij|f cf Go|{fj|djpf f è roce{ej eh ijyo è yiohp|e ioh e iodvheype f# ègjppe# î inejdjpo j r|fyef`f|cj ec mfhf|jcfMevyfrrf Refinî# r|edo iodjh`jhpf mfhf|jcf `fcc―J|dj `fe ij|jlehef|e yoppo ec mowf|ho è|fppo `jc dj|fyiejcco Refp|o Ljòmceo hfcc-jvpvhho `fc :509(Vh dfyf r|edj# ec :< mfhhjeo :50># ec iohyocf jdf|eijho j Decjho# Inj|cfy Lju# jwfwj yfmhjcjpoeh vh yvo |jrro|po cj pfh`fh{j j` vhe|f cf go|{f `fccf go|dj{eohe rj|jdecepj|e orf|jhpe eh ieppâ fhfccj |fmeohf iodf ec Dowedfhpo è |fyeypfh{j rorocj|f .D|r% è Ij|co Jh`|fohe# è djp|eifyoiejc`fdoi|jpeij# :-J|djpj epjcejhj `fccj celf|pâ# c-Vodo zvjcvhzvf f` ec m|vrro ijrfmmejpo `jFdeceo Rjp|eyye(

Cj |einefypj jwjh{jpj |eyf|wjpjdfhpf `jc mowf|ho è ifhp|o$yeheyp|j# r|fyef`vpo `j Djyyedo

@-Jcfdj# j zvfcco jdf|eijho è hoh èwvcmj|f e òivdfhpe `fccj Iej ehf|fhpe c-ehpf|wfhpojdf|eijho eh Epjcej hfc :50># hoh iohyfhpf è r|oif`f|f j` vhj |eioyp|v{eohf fyjvypewj `fe rejhe r|fèyroype `jc mowf|ho è Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# `jcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj f `jmce Ypjpe vhepe



rf| edrfè|f jc G|ohpf rorocj|f è mevhmf|f jc ropf|f# eh vh doò o hfcc-jcp|o# dj zvjhpo î fdf|yohfc io|yo `fmce jhhe ie iohyfhpf è gj|cj fmvjcdfhpf f è jggf|dj|f inf c-jrrj|jpo rocepeio$decepj|fioypepvepo eh zvfc rf|eoò î ypjpo djhpfhvpo hfmce jhhe j wfhe|f iodf e rejhe è ègfyj# `flepjdfhpfjmmeo|hjpe wej wej# rf|inå cj ,dehjiiej, iodvheypj î |edjypj ehjcpf|jpj# jh{e ye î jii|fyievpj hfcio|yo `fmce jhhe gehf j |jmmevhmf|f ec yvo ivcdehf hfmce jhhe Yfppjhpj(

Hfmce jhhe Yfppjhpj# c-f~ deheyp|o `fmce Ehpf|he# Dj|eo Yifclj# |jiiohpf|â jc meo|hjceypj JhpoheoMjdleho# eh yehpfye# zvjce f|jho cf deyv|f r|fèyroypf `jc mowf|ho# hfcc-jr|ecf `fc :50># rf| |ohpfmmej|f ec ,rf|eioco |oyyo,;

,(((Meâ hfe r|ede dfye `fc :50> $ |eio|`j Yifclj $ f|j ypjpj dfyyj j rvhpo vh-ehg|jyp|vppv|j ijrjifè gj| g|ohpf j vh pfhpjpewo ehyv||f{eohjcf iodvheypj( C-ehpf|o rjfyf f|j ypjpo èweyo eh vhj yf|ef èm|oyyf ie|ioyi|e{eohe# omhvhj `fccf zvjce iodr|fh`fwj wj|ef r|owehief# f jccj co|o pfypj f|j ypjpo`fyemhjpo eh djhef|j |eyf|wjpj# rf| vh fwfhpvjcf dodfhpo è fdf|mfh{j# vhj yrfief è r|fgfppo reõjh{ejho o zvfcco `fccj ieppâ reõ edro|pjhpf# rf|inå eh jcivhe ijye f|j ehwfif ec zvfypo|f o vh jcp|ovodo è yeiv|j fhf|mej f è dej jyyocvpj ge`viej(

C-fhp|jpj eh wemo|f è zvfypf r|fgfppv|f jccj|mjpf yj|fllf ypjpj jvpodjpeij# hfc dodfhpo eh ive cfiodvheij{eohe ioh \odj goyyf|o ypjpf# j ijvyj è vhj yoccfwj{eohf# ehpf||oppf1 jcco|j e yvrf|$

r|fgfppe `j df `fyemhjpe jw|fllf|o jyyvhpo e refhe ropf|e `fcco Ypjpo yjrfhò fyjppjdfhpf# eh ljyf jvh rejho r|fo|èhjpo# inf ioyj gj|f(

@-jcp|j rj|pf ie f|jwjdo r|foiivrjpe jhinf è edrfè|f inf ye ropfyyf j||ewj|f j vh-ehpf||v{eohf`fccf iodvheij{eohe( Rfhyjhò inf cj r|edj doyyj `fe r|odopo|e è vh fwfhpvjcf iocro è Ypjpoyj|fllf ypjpj è edrj`|ohe|ye `fccf ifhp|jce pfcfgoheinf f `fccf ypj{eohe |jèo# o zvjhpo dfho è|fh`f|cf ehvpece{{jlece# jwfwjdo o|mjhe{{jpo vh yeypfdj è iodvheij{eohe jcpf|hjpewf# yf|wfhòieiodf rvhpe è jrrommeo# è vh if|po hvdf|o è hjwe epjcejhf f jccfjpf r|fyfhpe hfc Dfèpf||jhfo,(Vhj òrrej yp|vppv|j è iodjhò# vhj |fpf jcpf|hjpewj è iodvheij{eohe inf rommej yvccjioccjlo|j{eohf hfccf hjwe `fccj WE gcoppj# cj yv`èweyeohf `fc Rjfyf eh ie|ioyi|e{eohe inf hohio||eyrohòho j zvfccf `fccf r|owehif; è reõ Dj|eo Yifclj hoh èif# dj î yvggeiefhpf# yrfief yf|eio|èjdo cj ie|iocj|f `fccj è|f{eohf mfhf|jcf è Ry `fc :> dj|{o :50> inf ehèijwj cf deyv|f `j

r|fh`f|f eh weypj `fccf fcf{eohe rocepeinf( Jiijhpo je ,yf|we{e geyye è wemecjh{j je yfmme,# j zvfcce è ,rjppvmcejdfhpo f |eyf|wj,# iodrjeohoehgjppe e ,yf|we{e yp|jo|èhj|e,# hoh èrfh`fhpe `je r|fgfppe# ioypepvepe `j |frj|pe dolece è Ry#ij|jlehef|e f` Fyf|iepo iodf ,|eyf|wj `j edrefmj|f yocpjhpo eh ijye è m|jwe hfifyyepâ,(

\frj|pe ehpf|$go|{f inejdjpe j` ehpf|wfhe|f rf| |fr|edf|f fwfhpvjce pfhpjpewe è |ewocpj dj hoh pjce# rf| hvdf|o# `j mj|jhpe|f ec yviifyyo `fccf orf|j{eohe( Jiijhpo j zvfype |frj|pe ehpf|$go|{f î hfifyyj|eo jggejhij|f dece{ef iewece e ive iodrohfhpe jllejho`vf |fzveyepe dehede; vhj gf`f jhpeiodvheypj f vhj r|frj|j{eohf decepj|f(

J mve`j|f e |frj|pe iewece yoho cf Go|{f j|djpf( Cj r|edj pfypedohejh{j î zvfccj è Ref|o Ijppjhfo;

,Eh oiijyeohf `fccf fcf{eohe `fc :50> wfhhf|o go|djpe `fe m|vrre è rj|pemejhe ijppoceie ioc r|fieyoiodrepo è orro|ye j` vh-fwfhpvjcf r|fyj `fc ropf|f `j rj|pf `fe iodvheype( Cj go|dj{eohf è zvfypem|vrre j|djpe f|j hoh yoco iohoyievpj dj jvpo|e{{jpj f gjwo|epj `jccf jvpo|epâ ioypepvepf( Eo

rf|yohjcdfhpf yoho ypjpo hodehjpo iodjh`jhpf mfhf|jcf rf| cj r|owehiej è Decjho,(Ref|o Ijppjhfo f|j ioccfmjpo# rf| yvj jddeyyeohf# jc iodjhò `fcc-J|dj `fe ij|jlehef|e# `j vhcjpo# f jc zvfypo|f Wehifh{o Jmhfyehj# `jcc-jcp|o# hodehjpo zvfyp-vcpedo `jc deheyp|o `fmce Ehpf|he#

Dj|eo Yifclj# |fyrohyjlecf `fcc-jrrj|jpo icjh`fypeho ioypepvfhò :-jcpf| fmo yfm|fpo `fc r|fgfppo è Decjho# eh zvfccj inf f|j cj òrrej yp|vppv|j è iodjhò i|fjpj rf| c-oiijyeohf( Cj iohgf|dj wefhf `j vhj èinej|j{eohf |fyj `jc iocohhfcco è gjhpf|ej eh iohmfò# MevyfrrfGjciohf# p|jydfyyj rf| iohoyifh{j jc deheyp|o `fccj @egfyj# Cveme Mve# ec 9 yfppfdl|f :575(,Hfcc-jhho :50> eh r|fweyeohf `fccf fcf{eohe rocepeinf inf ye r|fyfhpjwjho jlljypjh{j èggeiocpoyf

flle c-ehij|eio eh zvjcepâ è iodjh`jhpf `fc r|fyeèo è Yjiecf# `jc iodjhò `fc W Iodecepf| èVèhf# è j|dj|f jcivhe iewece ge`jpe hfccj {ohj è Yjiecf# Weppo|eo Wfhfpo# Wjcifccehj fcedep|oge(((@fppe j|de jhinf jc:-J|iewfyiowjò è Vèhf $ dohy( [jggohjpo $ jcco|j wfyiowo è



Weppo|eo Wfhfpo( Pvppj zvfypj {ohj f|j yoppo ec iohp|occo è|fppo( J` fcf{eohe vcpedjpf |epe|je cf j|de fcf wf|yje jccj yf{eohf ypjiijpj è J|pemcef|ej è Iohfmcejho(((,(

Cj pf|{j pfypedohejh{j wefhf `j Djyyedo \oype# iodrohfhpf j Rjwej `fccj go|dj{eohf j|jdecepj|f ijppoceij ,Jwjhmvj|èj è I|eypo \f,# goh`jpj hfc :50= `j òh Ij|co Lj|ifccj# f~

ijrrfccjho decepj|f `fmce jcrehe eh Jcljhej f roe `fccj èweyeohf |frvllceijhj ,Dohpf|oyj,# inf

|ewfcj iodf ec :6 jr|ecf :50> wfhhf jwweiehjpo `j vh vggeiejcf eh iohmfò inf mce go|hã cj rj|ocj `-o|èhf inf# eh ijyo e weppo|ej iodvheypj jccf fcf{eohe# jw|fllf `jpo ehe{eo jccj |fj{eohf j|djpj( Hfccf go|dj{eohe rj|jdecepj|e inf# hfc pfdro# ye yoho ioypepvepf `jc :506# e |f`vie `fccj \frvllceijyoiejcf f e gjyieype eh mfhf|f njhho |ewfypepo ec |voco inf cj co|o iohè{eohf è yiohgeppe iohyfhpewj;vh( |voco yvljcpf|ho f m|fmj|eo inf# rf| fyye# nj ec wjhpjmmeo è gjiecepj|hf ec |fehyf|edfhpo hfccjwepj iewecf f rocepeij `fc Rjfyf orf|jhò hfc yoco ijdro ec ive ec co|o iohp|elvpo î |epfhvpo vpecf#yrfyyo yoccfiepjpo# zvfccj `fccj ljppjmcej iohp|o ec iodvheydo(

Cj hjyiepj `fc Dye iohyfhpf o|j ec co|o edrefmo iodf go|{j jvpohodj f iodrjppj( Cj hfifyyepâ `fc mowf|ho `fdoi|eypejho f `fcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccf ègfyj è èyro||f è vodehe ehm|jò è iodljppf|f |jrr|fyfhpj cj m|jh`f oiijyeohf `fe |f`vie gjyieype inf jyyjro|jho ec rejif|f$ inf nj ec mvypo `fccj |ewehiepj $# òro pjhpf rf|yfiv{eohe# è fyyf|f inejdjpe j yinef|j|ye ehyefdf je

rj|pemejhe -lejhine- j ègfyj `fcco Ypjpo |frvllceijho# `fdoi|jpeio f` jhpegjyieypj( Ec :> jr|ecf :50> |jrr|fyfhpj rf| e |f`vie `fccj \ye# inf ye |eiohoyioho hfc Dowedfhpo yoiejcf# ecmeo|ho `fccj co|o `fgehepewj |ejlecepj{eohf; òro zvfccj `jpj hoh ie yj|jhho inf `vf Epjcef ioh$p|jrroypf# zvfccj jhpeiodvheypj f zvfccj iodvheypj(

C-Epjcej gjyieypj |ehvhiej je yomhe è |ewehiepj f ye yinef|j yoppo cj ljhèf|j `fcc-jhpeiodvheydo èYpjpo f è |fmedf jppo|ho jc zvjcf ye |jiiocmoho# vhepe f iodrjppe# decepj|e `fccj \frvllceij yoiejcff `fc \fmho `fc yv`# dj|ü `fccj èweyeohf @fiedj f rj|pemejhe jvpohode# decepe `fccj ,Pjmcejdfhpo, f ,gj{{ocfppe wf|è, `fccj ,Oyorro,# omhvho iohwehpo è hoh |ehhfmj|f ec r|or|eo rjyyjpo dj èiohye`f|j|co yvrf|jpo `jc r|fyfhpf f jhio| reõ `jc gvpv|o `j |eioyp|ve|f vhepe hfccj ljppjmcej#|eèwfhvpj iodvhf iohp|o ec hfdeio è yfdr|f; ec iodvheydo (

Ec :> jr|ecf :50># j Decjho# jcc-ehpf|ho `fccj ijyf|dj Cj Dj|do|j yoho lfh 022 e |f`vie `fccj \yeinf jppfhòho# ehzvj`|jpe `je ij|jlehef|e# è ehpf|wfhe|f iohp|o e ,|oyye,(Yfdr|f j Decjho# vh f~ vggeiejcf `fccj @fiedj djy wefhf ,jwweiehjpo `j vh ijrepjho è roce{ej infioh cf i|f`fh{ejce `fc deheypf|o `fcc-ehpf|ho j ge|dj `fc deheyp|o Yifclj# mce inef`f zvjhpe vodehe

rvü dolecepj|f eh ijyo è weppo|ej `fe iodvheype,# f` î zvehè ehgo|djpo `jc ijrepjho è Ry inf yohoj co|o èyroye{eohf ,l|jiiejce `fccj roce{ej jvyecej|ej# j|de# pfyyf|f è |eiohoyiedfhpo f jcp|jòpj{eohf((( r|fyyo cj ijyf|dj Y( Jdl|omeo è Decjho,(

J \odj# hfccj yf`f `fc Dye î rej{{jpj vhj dep|jmcejp|eif rfyjhpf L|f`j 9=# go|hepj `jcc-fyf|iepo( F vhj yfioh`j î ehypjccjpj hfccj yf`f hj{eohjcf hfccj @i# j rej{{j fc Mfyõ# yf|wepj `j p|f f~ gjhpe è dj|ehj `fccj \ye inf# yv |einefypj è Meo|meo Pvrehe# yoho ypjpe djh`jpe `j Meo|meo Jcde|jhpf(

I|fdohj# c-f~ yoppopfhfhpf `fcc―Jf|ohjvpeij |frvllceijhj# Pod djyo @ohjpo# pfypedohef|â eh

froij yviifyyewj inf ec :> jr|ecf :50=# e ij|jlehef|e jwfwjho go|hepo je |f`vie `fccj \ye èweyf `fcc-J|dj f vho ,yrfiejcf pfyyf|eho iohp|jyyfmhjpo `j vhj cfppf|j `fcc-jcgjlfpo f `j vh hvdf|oeh ioèif,(F demcejej è jcp|e yoho dolecepjpe rf| co ypfyyo gehf# j èyroye{eohf hfccj co|o m|jh`f djmmeo|jh{j`fcc-J|dj `fe ij|jlehef|e inf# rf| cj èycoij{eohf ijreccj|f hfc pf||epo|eo# rvü jyyocwf|f ec iodrepoè yfcf{eohj|f mce vodehe# j|dj|ce# ehzvj`|j|ce# ydolecepj|ce f# ehgehf# djhpfhf|f ioh co|o vh|jrro|po `fypehjpo j |j|f rf| yfdr|f(Iohp|o zvfcco iodvheypj# ec |fmedf `fdoi|eypejho |efyif j yinef|j|f vh fyf|iepo hohe`focomeijdfhpf odomfhfo dj rocepeijdfhpf iodrjppo inf |fypf|â# oiivcpjdfhpf# j yvjèyroye{eohf rf| pvppo ec pfdro inf cj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj |epf||â orro|pvho(Vh pfdro inf mevhmf geho je r|ede jhhe Oppjhpj# geho j zvjhò ieoî cj,dehjiiej, |jrr|fyfhpjpj `jc

Rj|pepo iodvheypj ywjheyif rf| cf dvpjpf iohè{eohe ehpf|hj{eohjce f rf| cj roinf{{j `fe è|emfhpeiodvheype epjcejhe ehijrjie o|dje è èypehmvf|ye `je co|o ioccfmne `fmce jcp|e rj|pepe# yvc rejhodo|jcf f` e`fjcf(



F~ iodvheypj `flepjdfhpf |er|om|jddjpo iodf jpcjhpeypj

VHJ HVOWJ LJH@EF\J

Cf Go|{f j|djpf epjcejhf iodf yedloco `fcc―vhepâ `fccj Hj{eohf njhho ifyyjpo è fyeypf|f hfcdodfhpo eh ive# :―> yfppfdl|f :509# roypf è g|ohpf jcc―jcpf|hjpewj è yifmcef|f g|j co Ypjpo f cj Hj{eohf# ye yoho yinef|jpf# hfccj co|o zvjye popjcepâ# `jccj rj|pf `fc r|edo iohp|o mce ehpf|fyye `fccjyfioh`j(

Hoh ye p|jppj è gj|f vh èyio|yo e`focomeio rf| iohp|jrro||f ec gjyieydo jcc-jhpegjyieydo# rf|inå ec|owfyiejdfhpo è g|ohpf wfhhf `fieyo rf| yjcwj|f cj dohj|inej f mj|jhpe|f j Ijyj Yjwoej èyor|jwwewf|f j zvfccj inf ye r|ogecjwj iodf vhj yiohgeppj decepj|f o|dje if|pj(

Hoh f|j jhpegjyieypj Weppo|eo Fdjhvfcf EEE# hoh co f|jho e yvoe mfhf|jce# hå mce eh`vyp|ejce f` eljhinef|e inf ioccjlo|jwjho ioh mce jccfjpe `jc meo|ho eh ive mce Ypjpe vhepe f|jho fhp|jpe eh mvf||jeropfijhò cf yo|pe è vh iohgceppo inf ec co|o ropfh{ejcf eh`vyp|ejcf f lfcceio |fh`fwj# jmce oiine `fe

reõ fyrf|pe# meâ rf|`vpo rf| cf ropfh{f `fcc-Jyyf(

Mce ehpf|fyye è Ijyj Yjwoej hoh ioehie`fwjho ioh zvfcce `fcc-Epjcej inf# ègjppe# ioh cj yifcpj è rjyyj|f `jccj rj|pf `fmce jccfjpe jhmco$jdf|eijhe ye p|owü j òwf| yoypfhf|f ec rfyo è p|f mvf||f jc roypo è vhj yocj; cj mvf||j iohp|o mce jccfjpe1 zvfccj iohp|o e pf`fyine# ehyefdf jmce jccfjpe1 zvfccjiewecf g|j gjyieype f` jhpegjyieype(

J gj|hf vhj yocj# zvfccj ehe{ejpj ec :2 mevmho :502# ie yj|fllf|o ypjpe dfho do|pe f# yor|jppvppo# cj Hj{eohf yiohgeppj jw|fllf ropvpo |fypj|f vhepj(Ioyã hoh î ypjpo(

E wf|peie `fccj Go|{f j|djpf p|owj|oho iohwfhefhpf f` orro|pvho yinef|j|ye j ègfyj `fccjdohj|inej# inf# òro ec <6 cvmceo :509# òwfwj fyyf|f pvpfcjpj yej `jccj royyelecf |fj{eohf gjyieypjinf `jc |epo|ho è zvfccj ,yowwf|yeohf |oyyj— inf ec |fmedf dvyyocehejho jwfwj gjppo yiodrj|e|f(

Cf deyv|f jòppjpf rf| djhpfhf|f :―o|èhf rvllceio eccvyp|jho j yvggeiefh{j cj dfhpjcepâ è vhj

ijypj è vggeiejce inf ye f|j pfhvpj èypjiijpj `jc roroco epjcejho ioh ec zvjcf# `jc :>7:# hoh ye f|jdje e`fhpegeijpj(

Cj ie|iocj|f fdjhjpj ec <7 cvmceo :509 `jc ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo# mfhf|jcf Dj|eo \ojppj# rf| cj pvpfcj `fcc-o|èhf rvllceio hf î cj iohgf|dj;,Zvjcvhzvf refpâ j |emvj|ò `fccj |fr|fyyeohf î vh `fceppo# roio yjhmvf wf|yjpo ehe{ejcdfhpf|eyrj|def|â gevde è yjhmvf eh yfmvepo( Rf|ieü omhe dowedfhpo `fwf fyyf|f ehfyo|jlecdfhpfyp|ohijpo eh o|emehf( Yejho jlljhòhjpe e yeypfde jhpeècvwejhe# zvjce e io|òhe# mce yzvecce# cfehpedj{eohe# cj rf|yvjyeohf(((E |frj|pe jllejho e gviece j -r|ohpe- f hoh j -l|jiiej|d-( Dvowfhòiohp|o e m|vrre è ehèwe`ve inf pv|leho c-o|èhf rvllceio(((ye r|oif`j eh go|dj{eohf èiodljppedfhpo f ye jr|j ec gvoio j èypjh{j jhinf ioh do|pje f j|pemcef|ef yfh{j r|fjwweyo iodf yfye r|oif`fyyf iohp|o p|vrrf hfdeinf( Hoh î jddfyyo ec pe|o eh j|ej( Ye pe|j yfdr|f j iocre|f iodfeh iodljppedfhpo—( Vhj è|fppewj inf ioypf|â cj wepj j 59 ieppjèhe# `fe zvjce >9 hfc rf|eoò <7$92 cvmceo :509# je zvjce



wjhho jmmevhpe 679 gf|epe# dfhp|f e P|elvhjce decepj|e ioh`jhhjwjho# geho jcc-> yfppfdl|f :509#9(622 rf|yohf j rfhf wj|ejhpe `j :> jhhe j 7 dfye è |ficvyeohf f cf go|{f è roce{ej p|jfwjho ehj||fypo 96 decj ieppjèhe# pvppe |fe è fyyf|ye eccvye è jwf| |ep|owjpo cf celf|pâ rocepeinf(

Ec r|f{{o `fccj gf`fcpâ jccj dohj|inej yjljv`j# e mfhf|jce epjcejhe yoho èyroype j rjmj|co ioh cfwepf `fmce jcp|e# hoh ioh cf r|or|ef(

Rf| co|o# c-oho|f î vh iohifppo jyp|jppo( Hf gj pfypo ec iodro|pjdfhpo `fc dj|fyiejcco `-Epjcej#Refp|o Ljòmceo# inf# ec 9 yfppfdl|f :509# dfhp|f ec mfhf|jcf Mevyfrrf Ijypfccjho# j Ijyyelecf#e|dj j hodf yvo f `fc mowf|ho c-j|deype{eo ioh mce jccfjpe# hoh fyepj j èinej|j|f jc hvowo

jdljyiejpo|f pf`fyio eh Epjcej# \vòcg \jnh# inf c-Epjcej |fypf|â gf`fcf jcc-jccfjh{j ioh cfMf|djhej# iohicv`fhò ioh rj|ocf inf wjcf cj rfhj è |ero|pj|f;,Eo yoho ec dj|fyiejcco Refp|o Ljòmceo# vho `fe p|f reõ wfiine dj|fyiejcce `-Fv|orj( Yã#

Djiafhyfh# Råpjeh f` eo yejdo e reõ wfiine dj|fyiejcce `―Fv|orj( Cj ègge`fh{j `fc mowf|ho `fc \fein hfe |emvj|è `fccj dej rf|yohj de |efyif ehiodr|fhyelecf( No `jpo cj dej rj|ocj f cjdjhpf||ü( We r|fmo è jwf|f ge`viej—(

@eyoho|f gehf j ypfyyo# ehvpecf# rf|inå e pf`fyine meâ iohoyifwjho cj wf|epâ( Ec 92 jmoypo :509# ec pfhfhpf iocohhfcco Nf|lf|p Ajrrcf| yi|ewf j Lf|ceho;

,Cj dej edr|fyyeohf î inf ec mowf|ho Ljòmceo iohicv`f|â vhj rjif yfrj|jpj hfe r|oyyede èfiemeo|he,(

Ec 0 yfppfdl|f :509# j \odj# ec è|fppo|f `fccj ifhp|jcf pfcfgoheij `fc Zvj|pef|f mfhf|jcf`fcc-Jf|ohjvpeij ehgo|dj ec iohge`fhpf `fe pf`fyine# @fc \f# inf ec mowf|ho epjcejho nj ge|djpoc-j|deype{eo( Ec Iodjhò yvr|fdo mf|djheio# j Lf|ceho# hf wefhf yvlepo ehgo|djpo(

Do|pe ehvpece; iodf zvfccf `fe dj|ehje `fc yoddf|melecf ,Wfcej,# gjppo vyie|f ehyefdf j` jcp|e yfppf#`jc ro|po è Hjroce eh deyyeohf è mvf||j `jcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj Dj|ehj# iodf `j jiio|èypjlecepe ioh mce jccfjpe ec :5 jmoypo :509 rf| ehmjhhj|f e pf`fyine(

Ec yoddf|melecf ,Wfcej,# jc iodjhò `fc pfhfhpf è wjyifcco Rjpjhå# yj|â jggoh`jpo jccf o|f <<(22`fcc-> yfppfdl|f :509 hfc mocgo è Yjcf|ho# eddocjpo rf| vh ehmjhho inf nj djhijpo ec yvo olefppe$wo (

Cj yf|j `fcc―> yfppfdl|f# ègjppe# c-Jcpo iodjhò pf`fyio eh Epjcej è|jdj je |frj|pe èrfh`fhp e ecdfyyjmmeo |jèo ,Gjcc jinyf(((F|hpf fehl|emfh, .,Dfppfpf jc iorf|po ec |jiiocpo—% inf |fh`ffyfivpewo ec rejho `j pfdro r|fèyroypo è èyj|do `fccf Go|{f j|djpf epjcejhf(Zvfcco ypfyyo meo|ho# yvccj ljyf `fccf ehgo|dj{eohe go|hepf `jc mfhf|jcf Mevyfrrf Ijypfccjho#c-jwej{eohf jccfjpj# lodlj|`j G|jyijpe òwf nj yf`f ec iodjhò yvr|fdo pf`fyio eh Epjcej#

r|owoijhò 622 do|pe g|j mce epjcejhe dj gjccfhò ec yvo olefppewo(Yfdr|f zvfcc-> yfppfdl|f :509# ec ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo# mfhf|jcf Dj|eo \ojppj#pfcfgohj jc gfc`dj|fyiejcco Jclf|p Afyyfc|ehm rf| dfppf|co jc io||fhpf `fccj yvj ,yo|r|fyj, hfcc-jrr|fh`f|f wej |jèo `fccj ge|dj `fcc-j|deype{eo# mj|jhpfhòmce è fyyf|f yfdr|f ypjpojcc-oyiv|o è pvppo(

Vh doò jypvpo rf| mj|jhpe|ye cj rfccf hfc ijyo inf gjcceyij cj gvmj r|om|jddjpj rf| ec meo|hoyviifyyewo( Ec mevè{eo reõ edrefpoyo f |fjceypeio yve wf|peie decepj|e epjcejhe wefhf `jc co|o ehpf|ho# `jc mfhf|jcfMejiodo [jhvyye inf# jccj yrf|jh{j# fyr|fyyj `jc mfhf|jcf Dj|eo \ojppj# inf e iodjh`jhpe `fccfvhepâ èycoijpf gvo|e \odj royyjho |fjme|f ioh cf j|de j` jppe è oypecepâ `j rj|pf `fe pf`fyine#|eyroh`f;,Dj cfe ce iohoyif dfmceo è df e hoyp|e iodjh`jhpe( Î meâ `vlleo inf èhjh{e j` vh o|èhf

rf|fhpo|eo vho yv `vf ollfèyij# yor|jppvppo zvjhò c-ollfè|f edrfmhj hoh yocpjhpo cj r|or|ej|fyrohyjlecepâ# dj |eyinej cj r|or|ej pfypj( F òro è ieü# cfe ye eccv`f inf# cjyiejpe celf|e è orpj|fp|j vh jppo è go|{j inf ce iodr|odfppf f vh jppo è |ehvhiej inf ce |eyrj|dej# fyye yifcmjho c-jppo èo|{j* Yfmhjpjdfhpf roe zvjhò ye yjr|â cj yifcpj inf jllejdo gjppo hoe*,(

P|jhhf roineyyedf fiif{eohe# ègjppe# e mfhf|jce epjcejhe ye j||fhòho yfh{j orro||f |fyeypfh{j jccfp|vrrf pf`fyinf( Cj |fpo|eij hfogjyieypj nj fhgjpe{{jpo ec hvdf|o `fmce vggeiejce è m|jò fcfwjpo inf njhho j`f|epo



jccj \frvllceij yoiejcf epjcejhj# j iodehiej|f `jc dj|fyiejcco `-Epjcej \oòcgo M|j{ejhe# dj cj|fjcpâ î docpo èwf|yj(

Docpeyyede vggeiejce# rf| e r|ede e mfhf|jce# njhho j`f|epo jccj \frvllceij è Yjcü rf|inå c-> yfppfdl|f :509 ye yoho p|owjpe èfp|o cf cehff pf`fyinf f hoh njhho wocvpo |eyinej|f cj wepj o gehe|feh vh ijdro è iohifhp|jdfhpo eh Mf|djhej(

Jcp|e rf|inå ec mowf|ho gjyieypj |frvllceijho rjmjwj oppede yperfhè f` jwfwjho gjdemcef `jdjhpfhf|f# jcp|e jhio|j ioh cj |eyf|wj è ,j`f|e|f rf| yjlopj|f,# mce vcpede rf|inå Lfhepo Dvyyocehejwfwj iohifyyo jc dj|fyiejcco \oòcgo M|j{ejhe è ioypepve|f vh fyf|iepo ,jrocepeio, hfc zvjcf#zvehè# ye ropfwj decepj|f yfh{j iodr|odfppf|ye ioh ec gjyieydo# mevypegeijhò cj yifcpj ioh cj ègfyj`fcc-oho|f `-Epjcej(Î è o|emehf decepj|f c-eddjmehf `fccj ,Yjcü p|eioco|f, jccj zvjcf ye |egf|e|â ec hfogjyieydo

royplfcceio# iodr|fyo Meo|meo Jcde|jhpf# cj yvj gemv|j reõ |jrr|fyfhpjpewj# inf hfc yvo cel|ojvpoleom|jgeio yi|ewf|â è jwf| j`f|epo jccj \ye òro jwf| jyiocpjpo ec èyio|yo pfhvpo `jcdj|fyiejcco \oòcgo M|j{ejhe jc pfjp|o J`|ejho# j \odj# ec :² oppol|f :509(

Cj g|jppv|j inf ye `fpf|dehj c-> yfppfdl|f :509# jcc-ehpf|ho `fc cf Go|{f j|djpf epjcejhf# wefhfzvehè |eiohòppj f ie|ioyi|eppj j` vhj èwf|yj ehpf|r|fpj{eohf `fcc-oho|f decepj|f inf rf| mce vhe#

j`f|fhpe jc \fmho `fc yv`# ye |eiohoyif hfc |eyrfppo `fc mev|jdfhpo è gf`fcpâ jc |f# hfmce jcp|e#ehyf|epe hfe |jhmne `fccj \frvllceij yoiejcf epjcejhj# eh zvfcco `fccj rj|ocj `jpj jmce jccfjpepf`fyine(Fhp|jdle mce yinef|jdfhpe r|oicjdjho cj co|o jrocepeiepâ f` ec iodvhf ehpfhpo è iohyf|wj|fc-ehpfm|epâ `fc pf||epo|eo hj{eohjcf f c-vhepâ `fccj Hj{eohf(

Cj g|jppv|j# jhinf yf reõ go|djcf inf yoypjh{ejcf# rf|ü fyeypf# f wj rf|pjhpo |eiodroypj rf|inå echvowo Ypjpo hoh rvü r|fyieh`f|f `jccf Go|{f j|djpf f hoh rvü |eioypepve|cf frv|jhò `j fyyf de$mcejej è zvj`|e inf òw|jhho hfifyyj|ejdfhpf fyyf|f |ejyyo|lepe hfc |voco f hfc m|jò# eh doò `jj|hf eh vh pfdro |jmeohfwocf vh o|mjheydo vhepj|eo# |jrr|fyfhpjpewo `fccj |ep|owjpj vhepâ è vhj

Hj{eohf edrfmhjpj j |edj|mehj|f cf gf|epf `fccj mvf||j f# eh doò rj|peiocj|f# è zvfccj iewecf(F` î zvfypo vho `fe iodrepe `fe r|ede mowf|he royplfcceie# hoh jyyocwelecf hfcc-eddfèjpf{{j `fccjehf `fc iohgceppo `jc mowf|ho r|fyef`vpo `j vh fyrohfhpf `fc dowedfhpo rj|pemejho iodf Gf||viieo

Rj||e# dj jc zvjcf ye jiiehmf ioh jcji|epâ zvfcco yviifyyewo# mve`jpo `jc `fdoi|eypejho Jcie`f @fMjyrf|e(

Cj gehf `fccj mvf||j hoh yfmhj zvfccj `fccf jrr|fhyeohe rf| ec r|or|eo `fypeho f cf r|or|ef wepf èpjhpe vggeiejce# yor|jppvppo è m|jò fcfwjpo# inf rop|fllf|o fyyf|f fyp|j`jpe hfe Rjfye oiivrjpe`jcc-fyf|iepo epjcejho `v|jhpf ec iohgceppo rf| fyyf|we mevèijpe iodf i|edehjce è mvf||j(

Jhinf yf# hfc io|yo `fmce jhhe# î ypjpo gjppo orro|pvhjdfhpf èdfhpeij|f# ec r|olcfdj |jrr|fyfhpjpo`jcc-fyp|jè{eohf è `fiehf è vggeiejce ’ eh rjfye iodf c-Jcljhej# cj Kvmoycjwej# c-Vheohf yowefpeij#c-Fpeorej# cj M|fiej# cj G|jhiej ’ hoh f|j è roio iohpo f ioehwocmfwj rf|yohf inf jwfwjho gjppo#òro :―> yfppfdl|f :509# yifcpf orroypf(

Cj gviecj{eohf# j Lj|e# `fc mfhf|jcf Heiocj Lfccodo# :―:: yfppfdl|f :506# `j rj|pf è vh rcopohf èfyfiv{eohf l|epjhheio# r|owjwj inf rf| mce jccfjpe cj èypeh{eohf g|j j`f|fhpe jc \fmho `fc yv` o jccj \frvllceij yoiejcf hoh jwfwj jcivh wjco|f èhjh{e jccj ioddeyyeohf è zvfcce inf j co|oehyeh`jijlecf mevè{eo f|jho ,i|edehe è mvf||j—(

Ec mfhf|jcf Heiocj Lfccodo jwfwj j`f|epo jc \fmho `fc yv` f` f|j ypjpo j`è|eppv|j gf|epo hfeiodljppedfhpe iohp|o cf |fp|omvj|èf mf|djheinf j Lj|e# ec 5 yfppfdl|f :509# dj jwfwj cj ,iocrj, è jwf| gjppo yrj|j|f yv `vf vggeiejce l|epjhheie inf jwfwjho pfhpjpo cj gvmj `j vh ijdro èiohifhp|jdfhpo yoppo cj yvj mev|eyè{eohf hfc :50:# vho `fe zvjce f|j |edjypo viieyo(Yve r|emeohef|e inf fwjòho c-o|èhf è jr|e|f ec gvoio fyeypf eh pvppe e Rjfye `fc dohò# dj rf| mceehmcfye zvfcco ioddfyyo `jc mfhf|jcf Lfccodo f|j vh ,i|edehf è mvf||j, inf jh`jwj rvhepo ioh cjdo|pf(

F yf zvfypj f|j ypjpj cj yo|pf è vh vggeiejcf epjcejho inf jwfwj j`f|epo jc \fmho `fc yv`# inf ye f|jyinef|jpo ioh mce jccfjpe# inf jwfwj r|owoijpo cj do|pf è vh yoco vggeiejcf l|epjhheio# hoh f|jèggeiecf erope{{j|f zvjcf yj|fllf ypjpj zvfccj `fmce vggeiejce epjcejhe inf hfe Ljcijhe# eh Jg|eij# eh



Vheohf yowefpeij# jwfwjho ehifhèjpo rjfye# viieyo rf| |jrr|fyjmcej demcejej è vodehe# òhhf fljdlehe# edr|emeohjpo f po|pv|jpo(Roine# go|yf hfyyvho# yj|fllf|o po|hjpe wewe `jccj Kvmoycjwej# `jcc-Vheohf yowefpeij# `jcc―Jcljhej#`jccj M|fiej# `jcc-Fpeorej# inf |ficjdjwj yej ec dj|fyiejcco Refp|o Ljòmceo inf ec yvo jhpjmoheypj

\oòcgo M|j{ejhe(

Fwepj|f ec ijrreo jc iocco f|j vhj hfifyyepâ inf iohp|elvewj j |fh`f|f vhepj cj ijypj decepj|f inf|erohfwj cf yvo yrf|jh{f hfccj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj f hfccj Inefyj ijppoceij# cf go|{f if|pjdfhpf

reõ eòhff# rf| ec i|fèpo inf mo`fwjho r|fyyo mce jccfjpe jhmco$jdf|eijhe# rf| fwepj|f ec rfmmeo( Ec r|fye`fhpf `fc Iohyemceo# Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# hoh jlljhòhj cf mf|j|inef decepj|e yvccj iveèyiercehj `fwf iohpj|f hfc dodfhpo eh ive ye jwweiehj ec dodfhpo è yifmcef|f g|j dohj|inej f|frvllceij(

Ec 5 jr|ecf :507# Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e ye |ewocmf jcc―jdde|jmceo Fccf|u Ypohf# ijro `fccj Ioddeyyeohfjccfjpj# rf| rvhpvjce{{j|f cf |jmeohe inf yiohyemcejho è jiiomcef|f cj |einefypj jwjh{jpj `jccj

Kvmoycjwej rf| oppfhf|f c―fyp|jè{eohf è vggeiejce epjcejhe jiivyjpe è i|edehe è mvf||j;,Hoh royyo hjyioh`f|cf ’ yi|ewf @f Mjyrf|e ’ inf vh-fwfhpvjcf iohyfmhj jccj Kvmoycjwej èieppjèhe epjcejhe# dfhp|f omhe meo|ho rf|wfhmoho hope{ef docpo m|jwe yv wf|e f r|or|e jppe è i|ede$

hjcepâ iodrevpe `jccf jvpo|epâ kvmoycjwf j `jhho è epjcejhe f `fe zvjce yoho pfypedohe e |f`vie `jccj r|emeohej f cf goelf `fc Ij|yo f `fcc-Eyp|ej yvyiepf|fllf hfc rjfyf vhj wewj |fj{eohf f vhjmevypegeijpj ehèmhj{eohf( C-fdo{eohf ioyã yvyiepjpj hoh djhinf|fllf è |egcfppf|ye jhinf yv pjcvhejyrfppe `fccj yepvj{eohf ehpf|hj# è ive hoh jrrj|f iohwfhefhpf pv|lj|f ec r|oifyyo èho|djce{{j{eohf yor|jppvppo hfc rf|eoò inf r|fif`f cf fcf{eohe `fccj Ioypepvfhpf,(

Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e r|fjhhvhiej# zvehè# cj ioypepv{eohf è vhj ioddeyyeohf `-ehinefypj epjcejhj rf| c―jiif|pjdfhpo `fccf |fyrohyjlecepâ ehèwe`vjce hfccj ioddeyyeohf è i|edehe è mvf||j(

Ec < djmmeo :507# c-jdde|jmceo Fccf|u Ypohf |eyroh`f jccj hopj `fc 5 jr|ecf `fc r|fye`fhpf `fcIohyemceo epjcejho |jyyeiv|jhòco yvc gjppo inf –e mowf|he jdf|eijho f l|epjhheio yoho lfhiohyjrfwoce `fccf edrceij{eohe è pjcf zvfypeohf,# f` jppfhòho è iohoyif|f e |eyvcpjpe `fcc-ehinefypjiohòppj `jc deheypf|o `fccj Mvf||j(

Ec 7 djmmeo :507# wefhf vggeiejcdfhpf ioypepvepj cj ioddeyyeohf `-ehinefypj inf î r|fyef`vpj `j Jcfyyjh`|o Ijyjpe f iodroypj `j yfe mev|eype# p|f vggeiejce eh |jrr|fyfhpjh{j `fccf p|f J|de f vhvggeiejcf ioh gvh{eohe è yfm|fpj|eo(

Eh vh Rjfyf eh ive cj ijrjiepâ è ehyjllej|f pvppo ieü inf rvü hvoif|f jccf icjyye è|emfhpe îyvrf|cjpewj f lfh ioccjv`jpj# rf| cj r|edj wocpj ie ye p|owj èhjh{e jccj |fjcpâ `fccf jp|oiepâioddfyyf `j decepj|e epjcejhe eh mvf||j inf hoh royyoho fyyf|f ijhifccjpf `fc pvppo dj yocoie|ioyi|eppf j` vh hvdf|o ec reõ royyelecf dehedo è vggeiejce f gvh{eohj|e iewece(Ioyã# ec r|fye`fhpf `fc Iohyemceo# Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# c―:: yfp pfdl|f :507# ehwej vhj cfppf|jjcc-jdde|jmceo Fccf|u Ypohf ioh cj zvjcf jhhvhiej c-ehèwe`vj{eohf è 02 rf|yohf# p|j gvh{eohj|eiewece f vggeiejce `fcc-Fyf|iepo# inf rop|jhho fyyf|f `fgf|epf jccj mevype{ej decepj|f ,rf| fyyf|f wfhvpe

dfho# ioh mce o|èhe o hfccj fyfiv{eohf `fmce ypfyye# je r|ehiere `fc è|eppo ehpf|hj{eohjcf è mvf||j,( Ec mowf|ho epjcejho# è ive yoho rj|pf ehpfm|jhpf e |jrr|fyfhpjhpe `fc Rj|pepo iodvheypj# oypfhpj èwocf| r|oif`f|f ioh yfwf|epâ jcc-eyp|v{eohf è vhj ,Ho|edlf|mj, epjcejhj inf wf`j jccj ylj||jzvjhpe ye yoho djiinejpe è ,i|edehe è mvf||j,(

Ec <9 oppol|f :507# wefhf fdfyyo vh r|edo iodvheijpo hfc zvjcf yoho fcfhijpe e hode è jcivhe `fe02 vggeiejce f gvh{eohj|e iewece yoppo jiivyj( G|j e hode |fye rvllceie yreiijho zvfcce `fe mfhf|jce

Dj|eo \ojppj# Dj|eo \oloppe# Mnf|j|ò Djmjcè# `fc pfhfhpf iocohhfcco Wehifh{o Yf||fhpeho f`fcc-jdljyiejpo|f G|jhifyio Ljypejhehe(G|j zvfype# ec mfhf|jcf Dj|eo \ojppj î cjpepjhpf eh Yrjmhj1 :- jdljyiejpo|f Ljypejhehe î |egvmejpo ehYrjmhj1 ec pfhfhpf iocohhfcco Wehifh{o Yf||fhpeho î r|emeohef|o eh Kvmoycjwej(

C-ehyf|edfhpo è Yf||fhpeho hfcc-fcfhio `fe ,i|edehjce è mvf||j, cfmeppedj cj ioh`jhhj j do|pf inf

mce yj|â ehgceppj `jc p|elvhjcf kvmoycjwo# dj cj yo|pf `fcc-vcpedo r|fgfppo epjcejho è Gevdf# j`f|fhpfjccj \frvllceij è Yjcü# hoh ehpf|fyyj jc mowf|ho epjcejho f` jccf mf|j|inef decepj|e(Wehifh{o Yf||fhpeho yj|â gviecjpo# j Yflfheio# ec 6 djmmeo :50=(



Yj|â vho `fe roine j` fyyf|f eddocjpo yvcc-jcpj|f `fccj mevype{ej `fe wehiepo|e# rf|inå e mfhf|jce eh Epjcej yoho yoppo ec djhpo r|opfppewo `fccj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj inf r|oyfmvf hfccj yvj pjppeij wocpjj mvj`jmhj|f pfdro# eh jppfyj inf c-jive|ye `fcco yiohp|o g|j Doyij f ]jynehmpoh |fh`j royyelecfcj `fgehe{eohf `fc r|olcfdj ioh vh hvccj è gjppo(

Ehpjhpo# ec <9 èifdl|f :507# î rvllceijpo vh yfiohò fcfhio è hode g|j e zvjce |eyjcpjho zvfcce `fe

mfhf|jce Fdeceo M|j{eoye# Jcfyyjh`|o Re|{eo Le|oce# G|jhifyio Mevhpj f Mjypohf Mjdlj|j( Eh vh fcfhio yviifyyewo# iodrj|e|â jhinf ec hodf è Jineccf Dj|j{{j# fyrohfhpf è r|edo rejho`fccj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj# je wf|peie `fc Iodepjpo è celf|j{eohf hj{eohjcf jcpj Epjcej# inf hoh yef|j èypehpo hfc io|yo `fc iohgceppo hfe Ljcijhe# jc iodjhò è vh |fmmedfhpo# rf| yreiijpj ij|epâi|eypejhj(

Ec <6 jr|ecf :50=# j èypjh{j è roio reõ è vh dfyf `jc èyio|yo `fc r|fye`fhpf jdf|eijho Nj||uP|vdjh `fc :< dj|{o :50= inf yfmhj c-ehe{eo vggeiejcf `fccj ,mvf||j g|f``j,# ec mowf|ho epjcejho |fyfhpj# p|jdepf c-jdljyiejpo|f j ]jynehmpoh# Jclf|po Pj|inejhe# vh dfdo|jh`vd jc mowf|ho

jdf|eijho hfc zvjcf eccvyp|j cf |jmeohe rf| cf zvjce |einef`f cj hoh jrrceij{eohf `fcc-j|p( 06 `fc P|jppjpo è rjif inf r|fwf`f cj iohyfmhj je Rjfye inf hf gj|jhho |einefypj `fe ,i|edehjce è

mvf||j, epjcejhe(

C-ehiohè{eohjpj j`fyeohf epjcejhj jccj rocepeij `fmce Ypjpe vhepe# cj ge|dj `fc P|jppjpo e rjif ec :2fll|jeo :50=# cj hfifyyepâ jdf|eijhj è djhpfhf|f c-Epjcej hfccj r|or|ej ygf|j `-ehgcvfh{j rf| cj

yvj roye{eohf yp|jpfmeij hfc Dfèpf||jhfo ehe{ejho j `j|f e r|ede io|roye g|vppe jccj ijypj decepj|f èwfhvpj# yfh{j jcivh |edrejhpo f yfhyo è iocrj# |frvllceijhj f `fdoi|jpeioi|eypejhj( C-j|peioco 06 `fc P|jppjpo è rjif hoh yj|â jrrceijpo è gjppo rf|inå e Rjfye j`f|fhpe jcc-jccfjh{joiie`fhpjcf .Ypjpe vhepe# G|jhiej# M|fiej# M|jh L|fpjmhj% f# ehgehf# cj ypfyyj Fpeorej hopegeinf|jhhojc mowf|ho epjcejho# eh pfdre yviifyyewe# cj co|o |ehvhiej j |einef`f|f c-fyp|jè{eohf `fmce vggeiejceepjcejhe jiivyjpe è jwf| ioddfyyo i|edehe è mvf||j hfe co|o pf||epo|e(

Cj royyelecepâ è fyp|j`j|f hfe Rjfye `fc lcoiio iodvheypj vggeiejce epjcejhe rf| gj|ce mevèij|f fioh`jhhj|f j do|pf if|pj# hoh wefhf r|fyj eh iohye`f|j{eohf hfddfho j cewfcco è eropfye(

Hfyyvh vggeiejcf epjcejho yj|â inejdjpo j |eyroh`f|f yvc rejho rfhjcf `fc yvo orf|jpo eh mvf||j# j r|fyieh`f|f `jccf yifcpf gjppf c-> yfppfdl|f :509# rf| jggf|dj|f inf ec iodro|pjdfhpo `fccf |fmefGo|{f j|djpf r|edj `fcc-j|deype{eo f zvfcco `fcc-fyf|iepo ,jrocepeio, è Yjcü hoh df|epjho ifhyv|f`j rj|pf `fccj icjyyf è|emfhpf rocepeij |frvllceijhj inf yv è fyyf f yvccj co|o gf`fcpâ iohpj rf| djhpfhf|ye jc ropf|f(

Hoh i-î yoco cj r|fpfyij jlecepâ `fe `fdoi|eypejhe rf| yrefmj|f iodf c-Epjcej yej ec yoco Rjfyf `fcc-Jyyf inf hoh nj r|fyo r|owwfèdfhpe iohp|o cj ijypj decepj|f# e ive fyrohfhpe è yreiio ehMf|djhej f eh Mejrrohf yoho gehepe yvccj go|ij# dj cj iodrceiepâ è pvppf cf go|{f rocepeinfepjcejhf f` ec pjiepo iohyfhyo `fmce jdf|eijhe f `fe l|epjhheie (Mce jccfjpe yoho# ègjppe# iohyjrfwoce inf cj rjv|j# r|edj# f cj m|jpepvèhf rf| fyyf|f ypjpe|eyrj|dejpe# òro# jw|fllf|o r|owoijpo hfccf mf|j|inef decepj|e epjcejhf vho ypjpo è popjcf

yv`èpjh{j# hoh yoco ryeiocomeij# hfe co|o iohg|ohpe( E gjppe njhho `jpo co|o |jmeohf( @fc |fypo# mce jhmco$jdf|eijhe cf co|o wfh`fppf eh Epjcej yf cf yoho r|fyf rf| r|or|eo iohpo( @oro jwf| gviecjpo ec mfhf|jcf Heiocj Lfccodo# j Lj|e# c-:: yfppfdl|f :506# ègjppe# ec <= mfhhjeo:50= rjyyjho rf| cf j|de vh jcp|o vggeiejcf epjcejho# Epjco Yedohfppe# j Dj|ehj è Reyj# jhin-fyyoiocrfwocf è jwf| viieyo vh decepj|f jdf|eijho eh Mj|gjmhjhj hfc io|yo `fc iohgceppo(

Hfyyvho r|opfypj(Vhj ijypj decepj|f inf ye rohf iodf olefppewo r|eo|epj|eo zvfcco jh{epvppo è yjcwj|f cj rfccf# roezvfcco è yjcwjmvj|`j|f cj ij||ef|j f cj rfhyeohf# hoh rvü inf gj| iodoò j ine î wfhvpo rf| iohzveypj|f f` o|j òw|â mowf|hj|f eh djhef|j jiio|pj f rvllceijdfhpf ehjwwf|pepj(

Ec yf|weceydo decepj|f hfe iohg|ohpe `fmce jccfjpe ye fwe`fh{ej hfe meo|he inf r|fifòho cj ge|dj `fc

P|jppjpo è rjif# jwwfhvpj j Rj|eme ec :2 gfll|jeo :50=(Iohp|o è fyyj ye f|mf òh Cveme Ypv|{o inf# ec 7 gfll|jeo :50=# ye yrehmf j i|epeij|f cj |fyp|e{eoheedroypf jccj gcoppj decepj|f epjcejhj1 ehyo|mf ec deheyp|o `fmce Ehpf|he# Dj|eo Yifclj# inf ec 5



fll|jeo rf| r|opfypj |jyyfmhj cf èdeyyeohe |efhp|jpf òro vh ioccozveo rf|yohjcf ioh ec |fye`fhpf `fc Iohyemceo# Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e1 co y`fmho ye fyr|edf hfc p|jmeio mfypo è Dj|ej

Rjyzvehfcce inf# ec :2 gfll|jeo :50=# viie`f ec mowf|hjpo|f decepj|f è Rocj# ec mfhf|jcf l|epjhheio \olf|p ]( @f ]ehpoh1 dfhp|f co ypfyyo meo|ho# jc yvoho `fccf ye|fhf# ye gf|dj c-ehpf|j Hj{eohf inf fyr|edf eh zvfypo doò c-jdj|f{{j rf| c-ehezvepâ `fccf iohè{eohe edroypf jc Rjfyf yiohgeppo

`je wehiepo|e( Cj yocj woif èyio|`jhpf î zvfccj `fcc-jdde|jmceo \jggjfcf @f Iov|pfh# f~ ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj Dj|ehj# inf ec 7 gfll|jeo :50= yv ,Ec Djppeho `fcc-Epjcej ifhp|jcf, hoh fyepj j yi|ewf|f inf ec P|jppjpo è rjif cjyiej vhj ,ro|pj jrf|pj wf|yo c-jwwfhe|f,( Î ec yfmhjcf è vh iodro|pjdfhpo inf wf||â djhpfhvpo ehjcpf|jpo geho j` omme; cj ijypj decepj|fhoh nj dje fyr|fyyo vh èyyfhyo# yej rv|f pedeò f |eyf|wjpo# wf|yo cf cedepj{eohe jccj yow|jhepâhj{eohjcf# jcc-ehèrfh`fh{j `fc Rjfyf# jccj yvljcpf|hepâ jyyocvpj hfe iohg|ohpe `fe wehiepo|e `fccjYfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf(

Cj icjyyf è|emfhpf# hfc gj|f `fcc-Epjcej vh Rjfyf j èyroye{eohf `fmce Ypjpe vhepe# hoh nj p|owjpo i|epeinf f` orroyepo|e hfc ijdro decepj|f(Vhj `fccj |jmeohe inf yrefmjho zvfypo iodro|pjdfhpo î `j |eif|ij|f r|or|eo hfccj lfhfwocfh{j

ioh cj zvjcf cf mf|j|inef decepj|e yoho ypjpf p|jppjpf `jmce jccfjpe f `je rocepeie inf jw|fllf|o òwvpo mevèij|cf f` frv|j|cf(

@egjppe# yj|jhho roineyyede mce vggeiejce è m|jò fcfwjpo inf yvle|jhho iohyfmvfh{f è vhj if|pjm|jwepâ rf| e iodro|pjdfhpe djhpfhvpe c-> yfppfdl|f :509 f rf| cj co|o j`fyeohf jccj \frvllceijyoiejcf epjcejhj(

Ec = gfll|jeo :507# cj Io|pf è ijyyj{eohf r|oyieomcef `j omhe j``flepo# eh lcoiio# mce vggeiejceyvrf|eo|e `fccj Mvj|èj hj{eohjcf |frvllceijhj ypjlecfhò inf ,yoho go|dj{eohe è ijdeief hf|fioh gvh{eohe rocepeio$decepj|e cf yzvj`|f `-j{eohf è ijdeief hf|f .l|emjpf hf|f% inf# mevypj `fi|fpoeypepvpewo# |jrr|fyfhpjwjho cj -yp|vppv|j rocepeio$decepj|f `fc rj|pepo-# f hoh meâ cf go|dj{eohe `fccjMvj|èj hj{eohjcf |frvllceijhj# do`fccjpj yvcc-o|èhjdfhpo `fcc―J|dj `fe \fme Ij|jlehef|e,(

Ec :2 gfll|jeo :507# j \odj# ec P|elvhjcf decepj|f jyyocwf ec mfhf|jcf Co|fh{o @jcdj{{o# jiivyjpoè |fyj f jevpo decepj|f je pf`fyine jccj `jpj `fcc-j|deype{eo# ,rf|inå e gjppe j cve jyi|eppe hohioypepveyioho |fjpo,(

Ec :< oppol|f :507# j \odj# ec P|elvhjcf decepj|f ioh`jhhj j < jhhe f <2 meo|he è |ficvyeohf#ehpf|jdfhpf iohòhjpe# ec mfhf|jcf Vdlf|po Memceo# iodjh`jhpf decepj|f `fcc-Fdecej `v|jhpf cj \ye(

Ec = mfhhjeo :50=# j Locomhj# cj Io|pf è jyyeyf r|oyieomcef rf| jdheypej ec mfhf|jcf `fccj Mvj|èjhj{eohjcf |frvllceijhj Ewjh @o|o# r|fye`fhpf `fc P|elvhjcf decepj|f |frvllceijho# ,rf| ègfppo`fccj wocohpâ odeie`j, inf hoh rvü |epfhf|ye yvyyeypfhpf# j` jwweyo `fe mevèie# ,yocpjhpo rf|inå wev|oho `fccf yfhpfh{f è ioh`jhhj j do|pf,(

Ec :9 mfhhjeo :50># cj Io|pf è ijyyj{eohf jrrceij c-jdheypej jc iocohhfcco Io||jò# iodjh`jhpfdecepj|f `fccj r|owehiej è L|fyiej `v|jhpf cj \ye# eh zvjhpo# yi|ewf;

,Cj iohwoij{eohf è p|elvhjce yp|jo|èhj|e `j rj|pf è vh iodjh`jhpf decepj|f `fccj R|owehiej îfggfppo `fcc-fyfiv{eohf è o|èhe yvrf|eo|e fdjhjpe `jc r|fgfppo o `jc iodjh`jhpf |fmeohjcf# yfh{j royyelecepâ è ehe{ejpewj è |ecefwo f è `fieyeohe yopp|jppf jc iohp|occo è `fppj jvpo|epâ,( Co ypfyyo meo|ho# ec P|elvhjcf yvr|fdo decepj|f# r|fyef`vpo `jc mfhf|jcf Jhmfco If|eij# jyyocwf ecmfhf|jcf Ijyede|o @fcgehe# iodjh`jhpf `fccj L|emjpj ij|jlehef|e è \odj inf jwfwj ioorf|jpohfccj `fro|pj{eohf eh Mf|djhej è :(622 ij|jlehef|e eh yf|we{eo hfccj Ijrepjcf# hfc dfyf è oppol|f`fc :509# f inf roe jwfwj j`f|epo jccj \ye |ewfypfhò c-ehij|eio è ijro `fc \frj|po

Jddeheyp|j{eohf$Ehpfh`fh{j r|fyyo ec Iodjhò mfhf|jcf `fccj Mvj|èj hj{eohjcf |frvllceijhj( Ec P|elvhjcf co mevèij ehhoifhpf `fccf jiivyf è ioccjlo|j{eoheydo rf|inå |eiohoyif ,cj cfmeppedepâhfcc-jdlepo `fc è|eppo ehpf|hj{eohjcf è jiio|è g|j c-jvpo|epâ epjcejhj f zvfccf pf`fyinf rf| ecèyj|do f` ec p|jygf|edfhpo, `fe ij|jlehef|e(

Cf Go|{f j|djpf r|opfmmoho yf ypfyyf# j r|fyieh`f|f `je iodro|pjdfhpe ehèwe`vjce djhpfhvpe c-> yfppfdl|f :509 f yviifyyewjdfhpf# f cj icjyyf rocepeij pvpfcj cf Go|{f j|djpf ioh c-jyyfhyo `fmcejhmco$jdf|eijhe inf |eiohoyioho c-edrf|eoyj hfifyyepâ è |fypepve|f jcco yp|vdfhpo decepj|f epjcejho



cj yvj fggeiefh{j( Eh yecfh{eo# yfh{j icjdo|e# ec mowf|ho r|fyef`vpo `j Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# meâ hfc dfyf è gfll|jeo `fc:507# nj |einejdjpo jccf j|de e meowjhe inf njhho gjppo rj|pf `fcc-fyf|iepo |frvllceijho# rv|inå hoh jiivyjpe è |fjpe yrfiegeie(

Hoh yoho hfdeie `fcco Ypjpo `fdoi|jpeio zvfe |jmj{{e inf njhho |eyroypo jccj inejdjpj jccj cfwj

`fccj \frvllceij yoiejcf epjcejhj# yoho weifwf|yj yoc`jpe meâ j``fyp|jpe# èyiercehjpe f hfifyyj|e j` vh fyf|iepo inf `fwf g|ohpfmmej|f m|jwe fdf|mfh{f# iodr|fyo ec |egevpo è pjhpe meowjhe df|eèohjce#yeiecejhe eh rj|peiocj|f# è ègfh`f|f eh j|de vho Ypjpo inf hoh |eiohoyioho iodf r|or|eo(

Cj |fpo|eij |fyeypfh{ejcf royp$lfcceij nj ehpfyo wf`f|f hfccj djhijpj frv|j{eohf `fccf Go|{fj|djpf# hfc p|jppjdfhpo icfdfhpf |eyf|wjpo jmce vggeiejce eh jcpo m|jò inf jwfwjho j`f|epo jccj \ye#hfc |fehpfm|o è docpe è fyye hfcc-fyf|iepo hjpo `jccj \fyeypfh{j# cj r|owj è vh gjyieydo inf|edjhfwj cjpfhpf dj jhio|j eh m|jò è iohè{eohj|f cj wepj rocepeij `fccj \frvllceij `fdoi|jpeijf` jhpegjyieypj(

Hoh î ioyã(Mce vggeiejce `fc |fmeo Fyf|iepo inf# òro jwf| mev|jpo gf`fcpâ jccj dohj|inej# jwfwjho mev|jpof`fcpâ jccj \frvllceij yoiejcf epjcejhj f# yviifyyewjdfhpf# njhho fyr|fyyo vh pf|{o mev|jdfhpo è

f`fcpâ# zvfypj wocpj jccj \frvllceij jhpegjyieypj# hoh njhho dje |epfhvpo è wfhe|f dfho jccjiof|fh{j f jcc-oho|f decepj|f rf|inå jrocepeio f|j :-Fyf|iepo |fmeo# jrocepeio zvfcco |frvllceijho#jrocepeio òwfwj fyyf|f zvfcco `fdoi|jpeio; eh pvppe f p|f e ijye# ègjppe# ec òwf|f `fc yoc`jpo îollfè|f# ègfh`f|f c―ehpfm|epâ pf||epo|ejcf `fccj Hj{eohf# iodljppf|f cj yowwf|yeohf inf dehj cjvhepâ `fc Rjfyf(

C-ollfèfh{j `fc yoc`jpo# èypjiijpo `jccj rocepeij# jc è gvo|e `fccf gj{eohe# jcefho `j omhee`focomej# gf`fcf jcco Ypjpo# j ,zvjcvhzvf Ypjpo, .iodf yoypfhfwj Kvcevy Fwocj%# èwefhf co yivò fc-jcele è zvjhpe rjyyjho# jrrj|fhpfdfhpf yfh{j p|jvde f yfhye è iocrj# `jc yf|we{eo `fccj

Dohj|inej j zvfcco `fcco Ypjpo gjyieypj |frvllceijh2 j zvfcco# ehgehf# `fcco Ypjpo `fdoi|jpeio f|frvllceijho (

C-Epjcej `fcc-eddfèjpo òromvf||j jgg|ohpj e r|olcfde `fcc-ehpfm|epâ pf||epo|ejcf yvc iohgehfo|efhpjcf òwf jrrj|f m|jwf ec iohpfh{eoyo ioh cj Kvmoycjwej# eh Yeiecej òwf ec yfrj|jpeydo jwwej cj

r|or|ej mvf||emcej j rj|pe|f `jc dfyf è oppol|f `fc :506# `fc djhpfhedfhpo `fcc-o|èhf rvllceio f`fccj hfifyyepâ è iohp|jypj|f cj ,yowwf|yeohf, yoiejciodvheypj(Mj|jhpe|f f pvpfcj|f cf Go|{f j|djpf yemhegeij rf| e mowf|he `fdoi|eypejhe jyyeiv|j|ye cj if|pf{{j è

ropf| gj|f jgge`jdfhpo yvc co|o ehpf|wfhpo eh zvjcvhzvf ie|ioypjh{j f iohp|o zvjcyejye hfdeioehpf|ho(

\ejlecepj|f cf Go|{f j|djpf# |ejyyo|le|f ec p|jvdj `fcc-> yfppfdl|f :509# |eiodro||f cj g|jppv|ji|fjpjye ioh e 722 meo|he `fccj \frvllceij è Yjcü# yjcwjmvj|`j|hf c-eddjmehf fwepjhò inf wfhmjehgjhmjpj `je r|oifyye# jcc-ehpf|ho f` jcc-fypf|o# rf| ,i|edehe è mvf||j,# yoho pvppf j{eohe r|odoyyfhoh `j vh gjyieydo oiivcpo dj `jccj hvowj icjyyf rocepeij# è ive gjhho rj|pf jhinf e iodvheype inf

yrf|jho# ehe{ejcdfhpf# è eddfppf|f hfe |voce `fcc-Fyf|iepo e zvj`|e `fccf go|dj{eohe rj|pemejhf( Cf odl|f inf m|jwjho yvccf mf|j|inef decepj|e yoho pjhpf f hoh royyoho fyyf|f èyyerjpf yf hoh iohvh jppo è io|jmmeo inf cj icjyyf rocepeij epjcejhj hoh nj dje jwvpo hå dje nj erope{{jpo è jwf|f(

C-jiivyj è p|jèdfhpo hfe iohg|ohpe è jcpe vggeiejce inf `jcc-fhp|jpj eh mvf||j `fcc-Epjcej# ec :2mevmho :502# geho jccj `jpj `fcc-j|deype{eo# c-> yfppfdl|f :509# jwfwjho ioccjlo|jpo ioh mce jccfjpehoh f|j yoco vhj woif è roroco rf| mevypegeij|f cf hoyp|f yiohgeppf dj vhj |fjcpâ p|eypf f` jdj|j#iohgf|djpj `jccj edroye{eohf hfc P|jppjpo è rjif `fcc-j|p( :7 inf gj èwefpo jcc-Epjcej è r|oifyyj|fzvjhpe njhho ioccjlo|jpo ioh mce jccfjpe `jc :595 jc :506(

Cj |fyj `fcc-eyocj è Rjhpfccf|ej hfc dfyf è mevmho `fc :509# c-jlljhòho `j rj|pf `fccjmvj|hemeohf `fccj ljyf è Jvmvypj# cj yocj òpjpj è ijhhohe `j 9>: dd# hfccj hoppf g|j ec 5 f` ec :2cvmceo :509# inf jr|f cj yp|j`j jcc-ehwjyeohf jhmco$jdf|eijhj `fccj Yeiecej# r|owjho inf jccj ljyf

`fc p|jèdfhpo è vggeiejce è m|jò fcfwjpo hoh we f|jho dopewj{eohe e`focomeinf jddfyyo infzvfypf vcpedf royyjho mevypegeij|f zvjhpe# `jccf roye{eohe è iodjhò inf oiivrjho# djh`jho jdo|pf if|pj e r|or|e iodrjp|eope f` e r|or|e yvljcpf|he rf| gjwo|e|f c-j{eohf `fc hfdeio(



Zvjhpe epjcejhe yoho yiodrj|ye hfc Dfèpf||jhfo rf|inå zvjcinf jdde|jmceo yfmhjcjwj jmce ehmcfyecf |oppf `fe iohwomce è|fppe eh Jg|eij |fh`fhòce gjiece lf|yjmce `fe yoddf|melece f `fmce jf|fe è Yvj

Djfypâ l|epjhheij? Hfjhinf cj gehf `fccj mvf||j j gejhio `fmce jccfjpe f cj yiodrj|yj `fc gjyieydo jw|fllf|o òwvpoiohyfhpe|f jcc-jdde|jmceo G|jhio Djvmf|e# jrf|pjdfhpf f rvllceijdfhpf jiivyjpo è ehpfccemfh{j

ioh ec hfdeio# è èwfhe|f ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj dj|ehj# frrv|f î r|or|eo zvjhpo î ypjpojppo `j zvfccf mf|j|inef decepj|e rf| cf zvjce cj yocj ègfyj î |jrr|fyfhpjpj `jccj hfmj{eohf eh popo

è omhe jiivyj f `jccj ijhifccj{eohf è pvppf cf wf|epâ# vheio doò rf| |eioypepve|f c-vhepâ `fccjGo|pf j|djpf f |fypepve|f j` fyyf ec r|fypemeo `fgehepewjdfhpf rf|`vpo(

@owfwjho# zvehè# ij`f|f cf jiivyf è p|jèdfhpo# zvfccf |fcjpewf je—i|edehe è mvf||j, f`# ehgehf#zvfccj è jwf| rj|pfierjpo yv g|ohpe iohp|jrroype jccj mvf||j iewecf òro c-> yfppfdl|f :509(

Ec << gfll|jeo :50=# ec P|elvhjcf decepj|f è Pj|jhpo jwfwj r|oyieocpo rf| jdheypej ec yoppopfhfhpfIjcomf|o Co Yj|ò# p|f yoppvggeiejce f := yoc`jpe edrvpjpe rf| cj yp|jmf è Rjcf|do `fc :5 oppol|f:500# zvjhò jwfwjho yrj|jpo yfh{j jcivhj dopewj{eohf rcjvyelecf yv vh io|pfo è ieppjèhe inf

inef`fwjho ec demceo|jdfhpo `fccf iohè{eohe è wepj# viie`fhòhf <9 f gf|fhòhf ocp|f :22( Cj R|oiv|j mfhf|jcf decepj|f jwfwj edrvmhjpo cj yfhpfh{j è r|oyieomcedfhpo dj# ec 9:djmmeo

:50=# òro c-fyicvyeohf `fe iodvheype `jc mowf|ho |ehvhieü jc |eio|yo f cj yfhpfh{j è |oyieomcedfhpo èwfhhf fyfivpewj ec 0 mevmho :50= (

Ec := gfll|jeo :505# j \odj# òw-f|j ypjpo p|jygf|epo `j Decjho rf| |jmeohe è orro|pvhepâ# yeiohicv`f ec r|oifyyo rf| ,ioccjlo|j{eoheydo, j ij|eio `fc ijrepjho è g|fmjpj Kvheo Wjcf|eo

Lo|mnfyf# `fio|jpo è df`jmcej `-o|o jc wjco| decepj|f# iodjh`jhpf `fccj @fiedj gcoppemcej djyeho jcc-> yfppfdl|f :509 f# roe# `fccj èweyeohf è gjhpf|ej è dj|ehj @fiedj hfccj \frvllceij

yoiejcf epjcejhj( Kvheo Wjcf|eo Lo|mnfyf wefhf ioh`jhhjpo j :< jhhe è |ficvyeohf `fe zvjce 5 iohòhjpe# f |edfyyoyvlepo eh celf|pâ g|j c-fyvcpjh{j `fccj Dj|ehj decepj|f è ive f|j c-vggeiejcf è djmmeo|f r|fypemeo(

@vf meo|he reõ pj|è# ec :5 gfll|jeo# ec mevèif `fc P|elvhjcf decepj|f# mfhf|jcf Fh|eio Yjhpji|oif# r|oyieomcef e wfhf|jce Dj|eo \ojppj f Mejiodo Ij|lohe# inf f|jho ypjpe `fhvhiejpe `jccjioddeyyeohf `-ehinefypj# r|fyef`vpj `jc iodvheypj Dj|eo Rjcf|do# yvccj djhijpj ègfyj è \odj`fcc->$:2 yfppfdl|f :509 f# iohpfypvjcdfhpf# e mfhf|jce Jdl|oyeo# Ijypfccjho# @f Ypfgjhey# Vpece fIjcwe è Lf|moco inf f|jho ypjpe# j co|o wocpj# `fhvhiejpe `jc mfhf|jcf Mejiodo Ij|lohe(Yvc iohpo è zvfyp-vcpedo# f~ è|fppo|f `fc Yed# ec mevèif decepj|f yi|ewf inf cj yvj iohòppj f|jypjpj# ,edr|ohpjpj jccf r|fyi|e{eohe inf ec òwf|f f c-oho|f edrohfwjho eh zvfccf yrfiejceyyedfie|ioypjh{f—(

Ec :0 oppol|f :505# j Rf|vmej# cj Io|pf è jyyeyf jyyocwf pvppe mce edrvpjpe# decepj|e f èrcodjpeie#jiivyjpe è jwf| o|mjhe{{jpo c―odeieèo `fe g|jpfcce \oyyfcce# iodr|fyo ec iocohhfcco `fe ij|j lehef|eYjhpf Fdjhvfcf inf jwfwj j`è|eppv|j iohgfyyjpo cj yvj rj|pfierj{eohf jc `fceppo# hoh fyepjhò jmevypegeij|f cj yfhpfh{j jyyocvpo|ej ioh vhj dopewj{eohf hfccj zvjcf e mevèie yi|ewoho;

,Cj comeij iohicvyeohf è zvjhpo ye î fyroypo f |jmeohjpo yj|fllf cj èinej|j{eohf `fccj|fyrohyjlecepâ `fcc―Fdjhvfcf f `fc H jwjcf hfcc-viieyeohf# è Ij|co \oyyfcce( Hopeye roe hfe iohg|ohpe`fc r|edo inf jhinf ec yfdrceif gjppo `j cve ehe{ejcdfhpf iohgfyyjpo# jwf|f ieoî p|jydfyyo jcyfiohò c-o|èhf è viieyeohf ioypepve|fllf# iodf pjhpe fcfdfhpe eh`vioho j i|f`f|f# rj|pfierj{eohfjc `fceppo( Rf|ü cj Io|pf hoh rvü èyyedvcj|ye vh `vlleo# pfhvf î wf|o# dj yfdr|f vh `vlleo1 infhfc po|leò dohò `fc gvo|evyiepeydo ehpf|hj{eohjcf eh G|jhiej ropfyyf|o gf|dfhpj|f oyiv|fp|jmfèf f inf weppedj è vhj è zvfypf royyj fyyf|f ypjpo Ij|co \oyyfcce,(

Leyomhf|â jppfh`f|f jcp|e p|fhp-jhhe ie|ij rf| wf`f|f vhj yfioh`j Io|pf `―jyyeyf# zvfypj wocpj|odjhj# jyyocwf|f rf|geho e |fe iohgfyye eh vh r|oifyyo inf# jhinf eh zvfypo ijyo# ioehwocmf jcpevggeiejce `fccf Go|{f j|djpf# zvfcco yvc r|fyvhpo mocrf Lo|mnfyf `fc =$> èifdl|f :5=2(

Ec < djmmeo :562# j \odj# ye iohicv`f ec r|oifyyo j ij|eio `fc dj|fyiejcco `-Epjcej \oòcgo

M|j{ejhe# deheyp|o `fccj @egfyj f iodjh`jhpf eh ijro `fccf Go|{f j|djpf `fccj \ye( \oòcgo M|j{ejhe î ioh`jhhjpo j :5 jhhe è |ficvyeohf inf ye |e`vioho j 6 jhhe f 0 dfye rf| fggfppo`fccf jdheypef f `fe iohòhe cj ive `fio||fh{j `fwf fyyf|f ijciocjpj `jc meo|ho eh ive î ypjpo



j||fypjpo `jmce jccfjpe f hoh `j zvfcco eh ive î ypjpo rjyyjpo eh iohyfmhj jccf jvpo|epâ epjcejhf# ioyã inf cj rfhj# eh fggfppe# î zvjye ehpf|jdfhpf yiohpjpj(M|j{ejhe# ègjppe# yj|â |edfyyo eh celf|pâ ec <> jmoypo :562(Ioh hopf# |eyrfppewjdfhpf# `fc <= djmmeo :50= f `fc = cvmceo :50=# cj M|jh L|fpjmhj f cj

G|jhiej# r|fif`vpf `j zvfccj `fcco ypfyyo pfho|f `fmce Ypjpe vhepe# |ehvhiejho j |einef`f|f

c-fyp|jè{eohf `f mce vggeiejce jiivyjpe è ,i|edehe è mvf||j,# j ho|dj `fcc―j|p( 06 `fc P|jppjpo è jif# dj inefòho inf e r|oifyye j co|o ij|eio ye ywocmjho iodvhzvf eh Epjcej( Eh pfdre yviifyyewe# cj ypfyyj roye{eohf jyyvdf cj M|fiej f# è gjppo# jhinf c-Fpeorej# ge`vieoyf hfc

jppo inf e P|elvhjce decepj|e epjcejhe jw|fllf|o# eh omhe ijyo f` eh zvjcinf doò# |fyo co|omevype{ej(

Ec <6 mevmho :56:# rf|ü# j \odj# ye ywocmf vhj |evheohf g|j e deheyp|e `fccj @egfyj# \jhòcgoRjiiej|è# `fmce Fypf|e# Ij|co Ygo|{j# è M|j{ej f mevype{ej# Jppeceo Reiieohe# f` vh |jrr|fyfhpjhpf`fccj R|oiv|j mfhf|jcf decepj|f rf| fyjdehj|f ec r|olcfdj |fcjpewo je r|oifyye `j gj|f j ij|eio `fe,i|edehjce è mvf||j,(

Cf `fieyeohe jyyvhpf hfc io|yo `fccj |evheohf hoh ye iohoyioho# dj e yvoe fggfppe yã# rf|inå pvppe e r|oifèdfhpe rfh`fhpe |fcjpewe j` jcdfho 02 g|j jcpe vggeiejce f gvh{eohj|e iewece yj|jhho flepjdfhpf

j|inewejpe f e gjyieioce r|oifyyvjce inevye eh j|djè inf hfyyvho nj dje jwvpo ec io|jmmeo f cjèmhepâ è |ejr|e|f(Rf| inev`f|f `fgehepewjdfhpf cj zvfypeohf decepj|f# rf| yjhj|f cf gf|epf `fccf Go|{f j|djpf f

r|fyfhpj|cf jccj Hj{eohf iodf vh o|mjheydo vhepj|eo eddvhf `j p|jèdfhpe f wecpâ# r|opfyo yocojccj ègfyj `fccj Rjp|ej eh mvf||j f eh rjif |edjhf `j gj|f vh yoco# vcpedo f `fgehepewo# rjyyo;|ejlecepj|f jhinf yoppo ec r|ogeco mev|eèio# hoh yoco zvehè yoppo zvfcce rocepeio f do|jcf# mcejrrj|pfhfhpe eh èweyj jccj ,Yjcü p|eioco|f, inf# j co|o df|epo# ropfwjho jyi|ewf|f è hoh jwf| djeyinef|jpo# hfc io|yo `fe 722 meo|he `fccj \frvllceij è Yjcü# e co|o |frj|pe yv zvfccf cehff `fc g|ohpfòwf ye p|owjwjho# j gejhio è ehmcfye f` jdf|eijhe# e decepj|e `fc \fmho `fc yv`(Vhj yifcpj# iohio|`jpj ioh co Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fc |fmeo Fyf|iepo# rf| jggf|dj|f inf cf Go|{fj|djpf |fmocj|e `fccj \frvllceij yoiejcf hoh rj|pfierjwjho j` vhj mvf||j iewecf dj iohpehvjwjhoj iodljppf|f yoco rf| c-Epjcej f` ec yvo oho|f# hoh rf| ec gjyieydo(Vhj yifcpj inf jwfwj meâ g|vppjpo# yej rv|f ie|ioyi|eppo jccj yocj èweyeohf @fiedj# ec|eiohoyiedfhpo `fc iohp|jdde|jmceo L( Ehmcey# ijro `fc yf|we{eo yfm|fpo `fccj Dj|ehj decepj|fjdf|eijhj# inf hfc dfyf è mfhhjeo `fc :507# hfc loccfppeho |eyf|wjpo jmce vggeiejce `fccj V(Y( Hjwuyfiv|epu og pnf O(h(e( \fwef}# yvc iohpo è Kvheo Wjcf|eo Lo|mnfyf f `fe yvoe vodehe jwfwj yi|eppo;,(((Zvfcco inf î if|po î inf fyye hoh gv|oho gjwo|fwoce jmce jccfjpe1 dj yj|fllf yio||fppo jggf|dj|finf fyye gv|oho `fccf go|dj{eohe reõ gjwo|fwoce je pf`fyine f reõ gecogjyieypf `fccf go|{f j|djpfepjcejhf( Cj djmmeo| rj|pf è fyye yfhpã inf c-j|deype{eo f|j ypjpo vh wf|momhoyo p|jèdfhpo jc yvojccfjpo `j rj|pf `fc |f f è Ljòmceo f `fieyf|o è -|fèdf|f c-oho|f `-Epjcej-,(O|j# ec |eiohoyiedfhpo# fypfyo j pvppe mce jrrj|pfhfhpe jccf Go|{f j|djpf |fmocj|e `fccj \frvllceij

yoiejcf epjcejhj jmce o|èhe `fc dj|fyiejcco \oòcgo M|j{ejhe# èwfhewj rvllceio f` vggeiejcf( Ec <9 gfll|jeo :56<# ioh cfmmf h( 59# î |eiohoyievpo wjceò je gehe `fccj ij||ef|j ec yf|we{eo r|fypjpohfccf Go|{f j|djpf `fccj \ye # ioh ec iohyfmvfhpf |fehpfm|o hfc |voco f hfc m|jò è pvppe mce vggeiejce#hoh ioh`jhhjpe rf| gjppe yrfiegeie# inf rop|jhho |er|fh`f|f yf|we{eo hfccf Go|{f j|djpf `fccj

\frvllceij `fdoi|jpeij f` jhpegjyieypj(Î# eh zvfypo doò# |ejggf|djpo ec iohifyyo è ,jrocepeiepâ, inf ioypepveyif c-jcele `fccf Go|{f j|djpfinf jc yf|we{eo è vh mowf|ho è è|eppo .ec \fmho `fc yv`% o è gjppo .cj \frvllceij yoiejcf% njhho

r|fpfyo è yf|we|f yoco co Ypjpo f cj Hj{eohf# hoh |fmede rocepeie( Dvpjpf rf|ü cf iohè{eohe rocepeinf# ehpf|hf f` ehpf|hj{eohjce# ec ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj @egfyj# mfhf|jcf Jh`|fj Wemceohf# hfc :5=6 lcoiinf|â cf ij||ef|f `fmce vggeiejce r|owfhefhpe `jcc- fyf|iepo |frvllceijho inf hoh rop|jhho yvrf|j|f ec m|jò è mfhf|jcf è l|emjpj(

Eh Epjcej# cf Go|{f j|djpf f|jho vyiepf `jccj Yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf èyp|vppf# hoh yocodjpf|ejcdfhpf# ioyã inf c―orf|j è |eioyp|v{eohf jwfwj |einefypo pfdro f# yor|jppvppo# vhj hvowjljhèf|j jppo|ho jccj zvjcf |evhe|ye inf hoh goyyf zvfccj è vh-Epjcej vhepj# inf e gjppe jwfwjho



èdoyp|jpo hoh fyeypf|f hfc ivo|f f hfccf ioyiefh{f è deceohe è epjcejhe(Vhj ljhèf|j inf hoh f|j reõ zvfccj `fe p|f ioco|e# dj j ypfccf f j yp|eyif(

Epjcej$Ey|jfcf; fyf|iepj{eohe decepj|e iohmevhpf p|j Yj|`fmhj f Hfmfw

ROPF\E GO\PE

Hfc òromvf||j epjcejho# rj|jccfcj j` vh dohò rocepeio òdehjpo `jccj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj# rjweò# ehif|po# ehicehf jccj p|jppjpewj f` jc iodr|odfyyo ioh ec Rj|pepo iodvheypj# fyeypf vhj go|{jdecepj|f iodrjppj f `fpf|dehjpj hfc yvo jhpeiodvheydo inf# hfc pfdro# ye jii|fèpf|â iodf cj yocj#jvpfhpeij mj|jh{ej rf| mce Ypjpe vhepe f# yviifyyewjdfhpf# rf| :-Jccfjh{j jpcjhpeij inf c―Epjcej|fypf|â gf`fcf je rjppe f# zvfypj wocpj# djhpf||â cj rj|ocj `jpj(Geho j zvjhò e mowf|he `fdoi|eypejhe jòppf|jhho cj cehfj `fccj gf|df{{j hfe iohg|ohpe `fc Rj|pepoiodvheypj f `fc yvo jccfjpo yoiejceypj# cj mj|jh{ej decepj|f |fypf|â |eyf|wjpj# yf hoh r|or|eoehweyelecf# rf| roe jrrj|e|f eh pvppj cj yvj `|jddjpeij fwe`fh{j hfmce jhhe Yfyyjhpj f geho jccj dfpâ`fmce jhhe Yfppjhpj iodf gjppo|f è rfyjhpf iohè{eohjdfhpo `fccj rocepeij mowf|hjpewj hfe ioh$|ohpe `fc iodvheydo ehpf|ho(

@fc |fypo# yoho cj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj f` e yvoe jccfjpe jhpeiodvheype j` jgg|ohpj|f ec r|olcfdj|jrr|fyfhpjpo `jccj r|fyfh{j# eh Epjcej# `fc reõ go|pf Rj|pepo iodvheypj oiie`fhpjcf ioh deyv|f èij|jppf|f decepj|f f roce{efyio reõ inf rocepeio# `fcfmjhò cj r|or|ej ègfyj j zvfmce Ypjpe djmmeo|einf hfccj mvf||j iohp|o ec hfdeio ehpf|ho njhho weypo# r|edj# cj yjcwf{{j `fe r|or|e vggeiejce f `fc

r|or|eo r|fypemeo f# òro# zvfccj `fc |eyijppo f `fccj |ewehiepj(

@jc dodfhpo eh ive ehe{ej cj iohi|fpj |eo|mjhe{{j{eohf `fccf Go|{f J|djpf # ioh cj i|fj{eohf `fc deheypf|o `fccj @egfyj ec 0 gfll|jeo :50=# c-eypepv{eohf ye èypehmvf rf| cj ypjlecepâ `fe wf|peie è iodjhò inf ye iohp|jrrohf# eh doò weypoyo# jcc-ehypjlecepâ rocepeij inf wf`f c-jwweifh`jdfhpo ioypjhpf e vodehe f e mowf|he ( @jc <2 djmmeo :50># `jpj eh ive ye go|dj vh mowf|ho r|fyef`vpo `j Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# ec r|edoòro cj weppo|ej fcfppo|jcf `fc :> jr|ecf inf nj ypjlece{{jpo `fgehepewjdfhpf cj yepvj{eohf rocepeijepjcejhj# geho jc 7 jmoypo :5=2# `jpj eh ive jyyvdf cj r|fye`fh{j `fc Iohyemceo ec `fdoi|eypejhoFdeceo Iocodlo# eh vh Rjfyf jhio|j yioyyo `jc djyyji|o è rej{{j Gohpjhj# ye jwweifh`jho jccjè|f{eohf rocepeij `fccj Hj{eohf <: mowf|he f :: r|fye`fhpe `fc Iohyemceo; Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e#Mevyfrrf Rfccj# Dj|eo Yifclj# Jhpoheo Yfmhe# Jòhf [oce# Jdehpo|f Gjhgjhe# Gf|èhjhòPjdl|ohe# Meowjhhe Cfohf# Jcò Do|o# Dj|ejho \vdo| f` Fdeceo Iocodlo(

Cj ijpfhj è iodjhò decepj|f# weifwf|yj# wf`f cj hodehj ec :² gfll|jeo :50= j ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo `fc mfhf|jcf Fgeyeo Dj||jy# meâ j``fppo decepj|f j Lf|ceho `v|jhpf cj mvf| |j# inf ec :2 howfdl|f :562 wf||â r|odoyyo j ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj @egfyj rf|djhfhò



hfccj ij|eij geho jc :6 jr|ecf :560(Mce yvlfhp|j# hfccj ij|eij è ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj @egfyj# ec mfhf|jcf Mevyfrrf Djhiehfcce#inf ye èdfppf|â ec <5 dj|{o :565 rf| èyyfhye ioh ec deheyp|o `fccj @egfyj# Mevceo Jh`|foppe( Ec :² jr|ecf :565 î hodehjpo ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj @egfyj ec mfhf|jcf Jcò \oyye infdjhpf||â c-ehij|eio geho jc << èifdl|f :576# zvjhò yj|â yoypepvepo `jc mfhf|jcf Mevyfrrf Jcokj

inf# rf|jcp|o# nj |eiorf|po c-ehij|eio è ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo `jc :2 jr|ecf :57<# finf |fypf|â jc wf|peif `fccf Go|{f j|djpf geho jc :7 gfll|jeo :57>(

Hfc io|yo è <: jhhe# cf Go|{f j|djpf epjcejhf yoho ypjpf mve`jpf `j yoce zvjpp|o vodehe# Dj||jy# Djhiehfcce# \oyye f Jcokj# `vf `fe zvjce njhho |eiorf|po jhinf cj ij|eij è ijre è Ypjpo djmmeo|f`fcc-fyf|iepo# Dj||jy f` Jcokj# |fypjhò |eyrfppewjdfhpf jc iodjhò `fcc-eypepv{eohf decepj|f rf|

roio reõ è yfppf jhhe ec r|edo# rf| roio dfho è yfe jhhe ec yfiohò( Jhio|j reõ ypjlecf jrrj|f cj mve`j `fccj roce{ej epjcejhj ioh jhhfyyo yf|we{eo yfm|fpo iewecf# inf ehocp|f :5 jhhe î ypjpj è|fppj `j `vf yoce vodehe; Meowjhhe Ij|ijpf||j# hodehjpo ec << dj|{o :560#inf cjyif|â c-ehij|eio jc yvo yviifyyo|f# Jhmfco Weij|e# inf co djhpf||â geho jc <> mfhhjeo :5=9(Zvjpp|o vodehe jccj mve`j `fccf Go|{f j|djpf `jc :50= jc :57> # `vf yoce j zvfccj `fccf go|{f è oce{ej `jc :560 jc :5=9# vh `jpo inf òw|fllf gj| |egcfppf|f zvjhpe jhio|j omme |epfhmoho inf

zvfypo Rjfyf yej ypjpo |fppo `j vhj `fdoi|j{ej rj|cjdfhpj|f f hoh yej ypjpo# weifwf|yj# vho Ypjpo jvpo|epj|eo f è roce{ej# eh ypecf yv`jdf|eijho(Yf mce Ypjpe vhepe f c-Jccfjh{j jpcjhpeij njhho ropvpo iohpj|f yv jccfjpe yecfh{eoye f gf`fce# mve`jpe iohdjho gf|dj `j roine vodehe# zvfype yoho ypjpe e decepj|e f` e roce{eoppe epjcejhe# hoh if|po e rocepeie(

Cf Go|{f j|djpf epjcejhf hoh yoho ypjpf |eioyp|vepf# hfc òromvf||j# rf| vh royyelecf edrefmoiohp|o vh hfdeio fypf|ho inf rf| jhhe î |edjypo yoco eropfpeio hoh jwfhò c-Vheohf yowefpeij cjijrjiepâ f cj wocohpâ è jgg|ohpj|f vh iohgceppo dohèjcf# f òro# j rj|pe|f `jmce jhhe Yfyyjhpj# îèwfhvpo ropfh{ejcf dj jgg|ohpjlecf yoco `jmce Ypjpe vhepe# mce vheie eh m|jò è yinef|j|f vhj|djdfhpo hvicfj|f ioh gvh{eohe è `fpf||fh{j f vhj go|{j j|djpj iohwfh{eohjcf ijrjif è|ohpfmmej|f zvjcyejye dehjiiej(

Rf| iodr|fh`f|f dfmceo c-ehfyeypfh{j `fccj ,dehjiiej, decepj|f yowefpeij î mevypo |eio|`j|fc-fcfhio rj|{ejcf `fe `jhhe yvlepe `jc yvo Rjfyf# gjppo `jc deheyp|o `fmce Fypf|e yowefpeio#

Deanjecowei Docopow# ec :5 dj|{o :50=;,E `jhhe yvlepe `jcc-V|yy jddohpjho j :<> decej|è è òccj|e1 :(=22 ieppâ f =2(222 weccjmme èyp|vppe1 <6 deceohe è rf|yohf |edjypf yfh{j pfppo1 èyp|vppf 9:(222 gjll|einf inf `jwjho cjwo|o j 0 deceohe è orf|je1 èyp|vppe 76(222 inecodfp|e è lehj|e

f||owej|e f 0(222 ypj{eohe1 5>(222 gjppo|ef ioccfppewf f :(>22 gjppo|ef ypjpjce èyp|vppf f yjiinfmmejpf1 = deceohe è ijwjcce# := deceohe è lowehe# <2 deceohe è yvehe# <= deceohe è owehe

f|`vpe1 èyp|vppe 02(222 oyrf`jce f èyrfhyj|e dfèie1 >0(222 yivocf# 0<(222 lelceopfinf,(J zvfype `jhhe# wj jmmevhpj cj rf|èpj# è ie|ij <= deceohe è jlepjhpe hfc io|yo è vh mvf||jinf# `j vhj rj|pf f `jcc-jcp|j# jwfwj ijhifccjpj cj refpâ(

Hfyyvh Rjfyf `fc lcoiio iodvheypj f|j hfccf iohè{eohe è yoypfhf|f vh iohgceppo j|djpo(

Ec :7 jr|ecf :507# ec mfhf|jcf @vgg ehwej `j P|efypf jc Zvj|pef| mfhf|jcf jccfjpo j Ijyf|pj vhòivdfhpo yfm|fpeyyedo hfc zvjcf erope{{j c-ehe{eo `fc iohgceppo ioh cj Kvmoycjwej rf| cj `jpj `fc :² mevmho :507# dj zvfyp-vcpedj hvccj rvü gj|f yfh{j ec yvrro|po `fc:―Vheohf yowefpeij inf# j yvjwocpj# hoh î jyyocvpjdfhpf eh m|jò è go|he|mcefco(

@egjppe# ec 0 mevmho :507# j Ijyf|pj# ec mfhf|jcf ]eccejd Do|mjh# eh vh èyrjiieo# yi|ewf inf hfccjWfhf{ej Mevcej ,pvppo ehèij inf# jc dodfhpo# yej eh io|yo yocpjhpo vhj mvf||j è hf|we(

@e iohyfmvfh{j# |frvpo edr|oljlecf vh iocro è djho kvmoycjwo,( E yowefpeie jlljhòhf|jhho cf co|o r|fpfyf yve pf||epo|e jc iohgehf ioh cj Pv|inej# |epe|f|jhho cf r|or|ef p|vrrf `jcc-E|jh# djh`f|jhho jcco ylj|jmceo e iodvheype m|fie inf# eccvye è jwf|f jccf co|oyrjccf rjfye o|dje òdehjpe `je co|o iodrjmhe jcljhfye# lvcmj|e f kvmoycjwe# `j|jhho ehe{eo ec <7 oppol|f :507 j` vhj mvf||emcej `jccj zvjcf vyie|jhho yiohgeppe(

Cf |jmeohe `fccj rjyyewepâ yowefpeij# yoho è ij|jppf|f decepj|f# iodf iohgf|djho mce fyepe `fccj|evheohf ywocpjye j Doyij ec :2 gfll|jeo :50># g|j yowefpeie# lvcmj|e f` kvmoycjwe yvccj zvfypeohfm|fij(



@oro jwf| jwvpo iohgf|dj `j F`wj|` Aj|`fck inf cj Kvmoycjwej hoh f|j èyroypj j` ehpf|wfhe|fdecepj|dfhpf eh M|fiej rf| yoypfhf|f e iodvheype m|fie# Koyer Ypjceh ye èinej|j `-jiio|ò hfc gj| ifyyj|f c-ehyv||f{eohf hfc Rjfyf fccfheio(,E iodvheype m|fie $ èyyf ec èppjpo|f yowefpeio# yfiohò ec |fyoiohpo è Decowjh Mecjy $ hoh njhhojcivhj royyelecepâ è wehif|f( Hoh ropfpf eddjmehj|f inf cj M|jh L|fpjmhj f mce Ypjpe vhepe# cj reõ

m|jh`f ropfh{j `fc dohò# rf|dfppf|jhho cj |oppv|j `fccf co|o j|pf|ef è iodvheij{eohf hfc Dfèpf||jhfo( Gfyyf|ef* F hoe hoh jllejdo cj gcoppj( C―ehyv||f{eohf m|fij `fwf ifyyj|f ec reõ r|fypo royyelecf,( Hfjhinf cj mvf||j è Io|fj edoyp|j cj wocohpâ mvf||jgoh`jej `fcc-Vheohf yowefpeij( Ec iohgceppo io|fjho hjyif `j vh f||o|f ioddfyyo `jc yfm|fpj|eo è Ypjpo jdf|eijho# @fjh Jinfyoh# inf ec :< mfhhjeo :562# hfc io|yo è vh èyio|yo j ]jynehmpoh# fyicv`f cj Io|fj `fc yv` `jc ,rf|edfp|o, ègfhyewo `fmce Ypjpe vhepe# ioyã inf Ypjceh jvpo|e{{j cj Io|fj `fc ho|` j ygf||j|fvh―oggfhyewj cvhmo ec 9>² rj|jccfco# ec <6 mevmho :562# ioh cj |jmeohfwocf if|pf{{j inf cj iohzveypj`fccj Io|fj `fc yv` hoh iodro|pf|â vhj |eyroypj decepj|f jdf|eijhj(

Dj ye yljmcej# rf|inå iodf iohgf|dj vhj hopj `fcc-jdljyiejpo|f epjcejho j ]jynehmpoh# Jclf|poPj|inejhe# jc deheyp|o `fmce Fypf|e Ij|co Ygo|{j# cj Io|fj hoh nj |ecfwjh{j yp|jpfmeij rf| mce Ypjpe

vhepe dj nj vh m|jh`f wjco|f yedloceio rf|inå ,c-fwfhpvjcf iohzveypj è zvfypj `j rj|pf `fccf go|{fiodvheypf iodro|pf|fllf vhj rf|èpj è r|fypemeo pjcf `j yivopf|f hoh yoco eh Fyp|fdo O|efhpf# djjhinf eh Fv|orj# cj ge`viej `fe roroce celf|e yvcc-jrrommeo `fmce Ypjpe vhepe,(Zvjhò cj Io|fj `fc ho|` inef`f jyyeypfh{j rf| |fyeypf|f jccj iohp|oggfhyewj jdf|eijhj# ec <5yfppfdl|f :562# Koyer Ypjceh rvü yoco |ewocmf|ye j Djo Pyf Pvhm inf c-> oppol|f :562# zvjhò cfp|vrrf jdf|eijhf f` jccfjpf wj|ijho cj g|ohpef|j `fc 9>² rj|jccfco `jhò ehe{eojcc-oiivrj{eohf `fccj Io|fj `fc ho|`# o|èhj je ,wocohpj|e, iehfye è ehpf|wfhe|f f è p|jwocmf|f#iodf ègjppe jwwefhf# cf p|vrrf jdf|eijhf ollcemjpf j` vhj yjhmvehoyj |epe|jpj(

C-Vheohf yowefpeij hoh rvü ehpf|wfhe|f è|fppjdfhpf eh yoiio|yo `fe iodrjmhe io|fjhe rf|inå `j|fllf ec r|fpfypo jmce Ypjpe vhepe è jppjiij|cj vyjhò c-j|dj hvicfj|f# iodf `jc :507 wjhho

rejhegeijhò (Meâ hfc dfyf è mevmho `fc :507# mce jdf|eijhe jwfwjho r|fèyroypo ec ,Rejho Rehinf|, .Do|yj%#inf r|fwf`f vh jppjiio hvicfj|f jcc-Vheohf yowefpeij ioh c-edrefmo è 62 lodlf jpodeinf# f inf|fypf|â wjceò geho jc :2 dj|{o :50> zvjhò yj|â yoypepvepo `j vh jcp|o# `fhodehjpo ,L|oecf|,# inf

r|fwf`f co ymjhiejdfhpo è 90 lodlf jpodeinf yv jcp|fppjhpf ieppâ yowefpeinf(Yoco yf c-jppjiio jdf|eijho goyyf ypjpo |fjce{{jpo# :-J|djpj |oyyj yj|fllf yijppjpj eh jwjhpe rf| oiivrj|f e ifhp|e eh`vyp|ejce `fcc-Fv|orj oiie`fhpjcf if|pj inf yv zvfype mce Ypjpe vhepe hoh jw|fl$lf|o ropvpo vpece{{j|f e co|o o|èmhe hvicfj|e(

Ec ,rf|eioco |oyyo,# yoppo ec r|ogeco decepj|f hfmce jhhe `fcc-eddfèjpo òromvf||j f|j ehfyeypfhpf#iodf r|owj ec gjppo inf c―fyf| iepo yowefpeio f|j rjyyjpo `jmce :: deceohe è vodehe `fc :506 je roio

reõ è < deceohe `fc :50># rf|inå rf| vh Rjfyf èyp|vppo `j vhj mvf||j yrjwfhpoyj r|eo|epj|ej f|j cj

|eioyp|v{eohf hoh c-fyrjhyeohf pf||epo|ejcf ioh cj go|{j `fccf j|de( Cj hfifyyepâ è vh |ej|do `fccf Go|{f j|djpf epjcejhf hoh òw|fllf# rf|pjhpo# fyyf|f jc r|edo roypo`fccf fyemfh{f `fccj Hj{eohf f `fcco Ypjpo(Weifwf|yj# hfc icedj lfcceio eh ive wewf ec Rjfyf# òro cj ifyyj{eohf `fccf oypecepâ# c-fyemfh{j `femowf|he î ec |jggo|{jdfhpo `fccf go|{f è roce{ej f `fccf Go|{f j|djpf(

Ec <7 gfll|jeo :507# c-jdljyiejpo|f jdf|eijho j \odj# Jcf~jh`f| Ae|a# p|jydfppf jc @erj|pedfhpoè ypjpo cj |einefypj `fc r|fye`fhpf `fc Iohyemceo# Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# meâ jwjh{jpj `jc yvo r|f`fify$yo|f# Gf||viieo Rj||e# è fcfwj|f ec hvdf|o `fe ij|jlehef|e eh yf|we{eo `j 76 decj j =6 decj(

Cf iohè{eohe eh ive wf|yj c―Epjcej yoho `fhvhiejpf `jccj yf{eohf \'J `fcc―Oyy eh vh |jrro|po `fc <fll|jeo :507;

,:(=22 ijco|ef j pfypj ehwfif `fccf <(:22 inf |jrr|fyfhpjho ec dehedo rf| vhj yjhj yor|jwwewfh{j#

iohè{eohe mfhf|jce rfmmeo|e inf eh zvjcyejye jcp|o rjfyf `-Fv|orj yf ye fiifppvj cj Mf|djhej#eh`vyp|ef gf|df rf| djhijh{j è djpf|ef r|edf f ij|lv|jhpf# vhj èyoiivrj{eohf eh jvdfhpo infjccj gehf `fcc-ehwf|ho poiinf|â ec 02& `fccf go|{f cjwo|jpewf iodf vheij r|oyrfppewj .yej ec mowf|ho



inf ec yeh`jijpo njhho òwvpo jiifppj|cj%# vh-fdem|j{eohf djyyeiiej eh G|jhiej inf ehè|e{{f|â geh`-o|j 02(222 cjwo|jpo|e eh Lfcmeo f df{{o deceohf eh G|jhiej,(

Ec :2 oppol|f :50># ec zvopeèjho iodvheypj ,C-Vhepâ, rop|â yi|ewf|f# yfh{j fyyf|f ydfhpepo# inf eclecjhieo `fc deheypf|o `fmce Ehpf|he r|fwf`f ,02 decej|è rf| cj roce{ej# < rf| cj djpf|hepâ f` ehgjh{ej,(

C-vcpedo iodljppedfhpo inf :-Fyf|iepo epjcejho yoypf||â# yvc pf||epo|eo hj{eohjcf# yj|â zvfcco iohp|oe yfrj|jpeype# j Yjh Djv|o# hfe r|fyye è Ijpjhej# ec <5 èifdl|f :506# rf| ec |fypo iohio||f jcdjhpfhedfhpo `fcc-o|è|f rvllceio pv|ljpo# yrfief eh Df|eèohf# `jccf èyrf|jpf iohè{eohe è wepj`fe ieppjèhe reõ inf `jcc―jppewepâ --yowwf|yewj, `fe rj|pepe yoiejceypj f iodvheypj(

Ec |ej|do `fccf Go|{f j|djpf |eyroh`f# rf|ieü# j` vhj comeij rocepeij ehpf|hj f` ehpf|hj{eohjcf infijcce`jdfhpf r|oyrfppj cj royyelecepâ# r|fyfhpjpj iodf r|oljlecepâ iohi|fpj# è vh jppjiio decepj|fjc Rjfyf `j rj|pf è vhj ropfh{j yp|jhef|j .C-Vheohf yowefpeij% eh iohio|yo ioh vhj ,zvehpjiocohhj, |jrr|fyfhpjpj `jc Rj|pepo iodvheypj(

Jhinf zvjhò e gjppe njhho r|owjpjdfhpf èdoyp|jpo c-ehfyeypfh{j è vhj wocohpâ ehyv||f{eohjcf `j rj|pf `fe iodvheype epjcejhe# e mowf|he epjcejho f` jdf|eijho iohpehvf|jhho j` ehyeypf|f# jiifh$pvjhò e pohe# yvccj edr|o|omjlecf hfifyyepâ è |ej|dj|f cf Go|{f j|djpf epjcejhf(

Hf î vh fyfdreo yemhegeijpewo cj |fcj{eohf `fccj Iej `fc <0 gfll|jeo :505# hfccj zvjcf ye yi|ewf;,Cj wocohpâ `fc roroco epjcejho è |fyeypf|f jcc-jmm|fyyeohf yowefpeij î iodr|odfyyj `jc yvo pedo|fè ioehwocmedfhpo eh vh-jcp|j mvf||j# yrfiejcdfhpf eh jyyfh{j è fggeijie df{{e è jvpoègfyj(((

Cf Go|{f j|djpf epjcejhf yoho eh m|jò è yiohgemmf|f vh-ehyv||f{eohf iodvheypj# dj yoco òro infyejho jwwfhvpe m|jwe `jhhe( Hfccj deyv|j eh ive c-jevpo decepj|f `fmce Ypjpe vhepe jii|fyij cj co|oijrjiepâ `j zvfypo rvhpo è weypj e |eyvcpjpe yj|fllf|o wjhpjm meoye( ( (—(

Jllejdo weypo èrcodjpeie è fyp|j{eohf celf|jcf iodf Djhceo L|oyeo# rocepeie yoiejc`fdoi|jpeieiodf Mevyfrrf Yj|jmjp f `fdoi|eypejhe iodf Meowjhhe M|ohine# orro|ye jcc-ehm|fyyo `fcc-Epjcej ehvhj jccfjh{j decepj|f# |epfhfhò mevypjdfhpf reõ rf|pehfhpf rf| ec Rjfyf vhj rocepeij è yp|fppjhfvp|jcepâ g|j e `vf lcoiine# dj hoh i-î p|jiiej è orroye{eohf `j rj|pf `fmce jdlefhpe decepj|e rv| iohyjrfwoce inf c-ehm|fyyo hfccj Hjpo jw|fllf yemhegeijpo cj |ehvhiej `fgehepewj jcc-ehèrfh`fh{j `fcRjfyf# jccj yvj yow|jhepâ hj{eohjcf f# è iohyfmvfh{j# jccj yvj èmhepâ hj{eohjcf(

Cf mf|j|inef decepj|e njhho pvppo `j mvj`jmhj|f `jccj ryeioye lfcceij# `jccj rjv|j ioccfppewj `fc,rf|eioco |oyyo, rf|inå yoho co|o j |jrr|fyfhpj|f cj ègfyj `fc hjyifhpf |fmehf `fdoi|eypejho iohpvppe e wjhpjmme djpf|ejce inf zvfypj iohè{eohf iodro|pj eh pf|dehe è ij||ef|j# jdrcejdfhpo `fe|frj|pe# |ej|do inf ye p|j`vif hfccj royyelecepâ è |eioyp|ve|f c―eh`vyp|ej lfcceij epjcejhj# inejdjpj jcjwo|j|f yvccf ioddfyyf decepj|e jdf|eijhf# r|edj g|j pvppf cj Gejp# yjc`jhò eh djhef|jehèyyocvlecf mce ehpf|fyye `fc dohò decepj|f ioh zvfcco eh`vyp|ejcf(

Ec 9 mfhhjeo :562# ec r|fye`fhpf `fc Iohyemceo# Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e iodvheij jc mowf|ho cjioypepv{eohf è hvowf vhepâ; cj l|emjpj jcrehj Kvcej# cj l|emjpj io|j{{jpj J|efpf# cj èweyeohfM|jhjpef|e è Yj|`fmhj# cj èweyeohf è gjhpf|ej Jwfcceho# f ec r|omfppo è jddo`f|hjdfhpo

`fcc-Jf|ohjvpeij(Mce Ypjpe vhepe yoypfhmoho ec |ej|do `fccf Go|{f J|djpf Epjcejhf# inf o|dje yoho ehpfm|jpf hfccj Hjpo( Ec <5 èifdl|f :562# ègjppe# ec yfm|fpj|eo fyfivpewo `fc Hjpeohjc Yfiv|epu Iovhiec# j ]jynehmpoh# ehvh |jrro|po |fcjpewo jccj ,dehjiiej iodvheypj, eh Epjcej ehp|o`vif ec r|ehiereo inf zvfyp-vcpedj#lfhinå hj{eohf yiohgeppj# , hfcc-ehpf|fyyf `fccj yeiv|f{{j `fmce Ypjpe vhepe f `fe rjfye `fccj Hjpo# oyyj `f|omj|f jccf cedepj{eohe jc r|or|eo |ej|do,(

Ec = dj|{o :56:# î jrr|owjpj cj cfmmf inf iohyfhpf ec |ej|do `fccf Go|{f j|djpf# yvrf|jhò rj|{ejcdfhpf cf cedepj{eohe edroypf `jc P|jppjpo è rjif# f inf r|ocvhmj cj gf|dj j :6 dfye fggfppewe( Ec <: èifdl|f :56:# Ypjpe vhepe# M|jh L|fpjmhj f G|jhiej jl|omjho <5 icjvyocf `fc P|jppjpo è rjif edroypo jcc-Epjcej# eh m|jh rj|pf |egf|epf jccf |fyp|e{eohe yvc rejho decepj|f(

Ec <: mfhhjeo :56<# ec Iohyemceo `fe deheyp|e jrr|owj vho ypjh{ejdfhpo jmmevhpewo è <62 decej|è rf| ec |ej|do# yv`èweye eh `vf jhhe( Ec meo|ho yviifyyewo# ec r|fye`fhpf `fc Iohyemceo# Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# jggf|dj inf co ypjh{ejdfhpo



yp|jo|èhj|eo rf| ec |ej|do ,hoh io||eyroh`f refhjdfhpf je `fye`f|e `fe hoyp|e jccfjpe jdf|eijhe, finej|eyif inf ,j zvfypj rocepeij hoh we î jcpf|hjpewj; o c-jccfjh{j decepj|f ioh c-Jdf|eij# o vhjocepeij è jlljhòho—(

Cj ijypj decepj|f hoh nj |fi|edehj{eohe `j gj|f hfe iohg|ohpe `fccj icjyyf è|emfhpf rocepeij cj ive rocepeij r|o$jdf|eijhj f geco$Hjpo î èyroypj j yoypfhf|f j` ocp|jh{j jhinf wfhfhò dfho j zvfccj

inf î cj yoce`j|efpâ jcc-ehpf|ho `fccf ypfyyf Go|{f j|djpf hfe iohg|ohpe è vggeiejce yvljcpf|he( Ec :2 oppol|f :567# ec deheyp|o `fmce Fypf|e Mjfpjho Dj|peho ehwej vhj cfppf|j ,|eyf|wjpj, jcdeheyp|o `fccj @egfyj# Rjoco Fdeceo Pjwejhe# rf| fyr|edf|f ec yvo rj|f|f iohp|j|eo jccj |einefypj èfyp|jè{eohf eh Epjcej è vggeiejce mf|djheie jiivyjpe è yp|jmf(Rf| e ioco|o e zvjce njhho fyr|fyyo ehèmhj{eohf rf| :-j|inewej{eohf è r|oifèdfhpe rfhjce iohp|odecepj|e mf|djheie f` njhho inefypo j m|jh woif è iohoyif|f e hode `fe |fyrohyjlece# î mevypo|ero|pj|f rj|pf è zvjhpo yi|eppo `j Dj|peho j Pjwejhe;,Yoho iohwehpo inf ioco|o e zvjce r|fyf|o rj|pf j ioyã lj|lj|f j{eohe hoh df|epeho rf|yohjcdfhpfjcivhj icfdfh{j( Hoh royyo pvppjwej hjyioh`f|de# iodf |fyrohyjlecf `fccj hoyp|j rocepeij fypf|j#cj ygjwo|fwocf edr|fyyeohf inf r|o`v||fllf yvcc-oreheohf rvllceij pf`fyij f ehpf|hj{eohjcf vhj|einefypj è fyp|jè{eohf `j hoe jwjh{jpj jc mowf|ho è Lohh j èypjh{j è lfh :9 jhhe `j zvjhò e

òco|oye ehie`fhpe yv||egf|epe fllf|o cvomo pjhpo reõ inf vhj lvohj rj|pf `fe decepj|e ehi|edehjpe|eyvcpf|fllf|o meâ ypjpe mevèijpe f ioh`jhhjpe `jccf io|pe jccfjpf jc dodfhpo orro|pvho f ieoîhfcc-eddfèjpo oromvf||j(

Dj# j rj|pf cf iohye`f|j{eohe hfmjpewf inf rop|fllf|o gj|ye yv zvfypo hvowo pj|èwo |eywfmceo hohno leyomho è yoppocehfj|f j pf# inf yfmve `j weieho e r|olcfde `fccj ioccjlo|j{eohf jpcjhpeij f` fv|orfj `j rj|pf `fc mowf|ho è Lohh# vhj hoyp|j ehe{ejpewj inf wfheyyf j` jcedfhpj|f cj rocfdeijyvc iodro|pjdfhpo `fc yoc`jpo pf`fyio(R|or|eo eh zvfypo dodfhpo ehgjppe pjcf mowf|ho ye wf`f ioyp|fppo j iodref|f r|fyyo cj r|or|ejoreheohf rvllceij ec djyyedo ygo|{o# jcco yioro è wehif|f cj |fyeypfh{j inf ehiohp|j omme ehMf|djhej cj |eioyp|v{eohf è zvfccf Go|{f j|djpf# è ive cj Hjpo |ficjdj ioh edrj{efh{jc-jccfypedfhpo,(

Ec <2 oppol|f :567# ec deheyp|o `fccj @egfyj# Rjoco Fdeceo Pjwejhe# jhhopj hfc yvo èj|eo;,Mjfpjho Dj|peho de yi|ewf inf hoh î orro|pvho inef`f|f jccj Mf|djhej c-fyp|jè{eohf è Yrfe`fc|epfhvpo .dj ie yoho `fe `vlle% vho `fe |fyrohyjlece `fccj yp|jmf è Ifgjcohej( E |vyye ypjhho rf| ehwj`f|f :-Vhmnf|ej(Ec |ej|do pf`fyio î reõ inf dje ehèyrfhyjlecf( Do|o de jwfwj `fppo inf cjiodrfpfh{j hoh î yvj# dj î dej f `fmce Fypf|e( De f|o edroypo iohp|o ec rj|f|f è Djhiehfcce# rf| ehe{ej|f cj r|jpeij è fyp|jè{eohf( Dj o|j# hoh ie rfhyo hfrrv|f j ehyeypf|f rf| zvfypo Yrfe`fc(

Dj|peho nj |jmeohf,( Dopewj{eohe rocepeinf è ij|jppf|f decepj|f f` ehpf|hj{eohjcf; hoh ye rop|jhho yinef|j|f cf j|djpfmf|djheinf j gejhio è zvfccf jhmco$ yjyyohe f` jccfjpf iohp|o c―Vheohf yowefpeij iohpehvjhò j

rf|yfmve|f e co|o vggeiejce(

Cj comeij inf ypj jccj ljyf `fccj `fieyeohf epjcejhj è j|inewej|f e r|oifèdfhpe rfhjce j ij|eio`fmce vggeiejce pf`fyine î ehfiifrelecf# f` î iohèweyj yej `je wf|peie rocepeie inf `j zvfcce decepj|e ( Cj |jmeoh è Ypjpo# jdf|eijhj f` jpcjhpeij# hoh wefhf rf|ü |fifrepj f jwjccjpj `j vh m|vrro èvggeiejce `fccj èweyeohf è gjhpf|ej ,Jizve,# è ypjh{j j Ifgjcohej hfc dfyf è yfppfdl|f `fc :509(

Co|o c-fyp|jè{eohf f` ec r|oifyyo j ij|eio è vho `fmce vggeiejce pf`fyine inf rj|pfierü jccj|fr|fyyeohf `fe decepj|e epjcejhe hfcc-eyocj m|fij ce womceoho# jh{e ce fyemoho(

\eioh`v|ce jccj |jmeohf hoh î# rf|ü# èggeiecf rf| vh wf|peif decepj|f inf hoh hvp|f yfhpedfhpjceydeè yo|pj( Ioyã# ec <9 howfdl|f :567# ec mevèif eyp|vppo|f decepj|f Ij|co @fc R|jpo yreiij vhdjh`jpo è iodrj|e{eohf j ij|eio è \fh{o Jroccoheo f` jcp|e f~ vggeiejce `fccj èweyeohf ,Jizve,#erope{{jhò j co|o ij|eio e |fjpe è |ewocpj iohpehvjpj# ioyre|j{eohf f` ehyvlo|èhj{eohf ioh de$hjiiej wf|yo vh yvrf|eo|f vggeiejcf# rf| jwf| èyollfèpo jmce o|èhe ,è `fyeypf|f `j omhe jppo oypecf

f è r|fèyro||f cj ifyyeohf je pf`fyine `fccf j|de rfyjhpe,# eh`vifhò ,cj p|vrrj jccj |ewocpj rf| ioddfppf|f jppe è oypecepâ iohp|o e pf`fyine jc gehf è i|fj|f ec –gjppo iodrevpo, f iohp|jypj|fdecepj|dfhpf cf p|vrrf mf|djheinf(



Roype è g|ohpf jccj royyelecepâ è fyyf|f r|oifyyjpe iodf ioco|o inf# ehg|jhmfhò cf |fmocf `fcòwf|f decepj|f# jwfwjho r|owoijpo ec djyyji|o `fe co|o ioddecepohe j Ifgjcohej# Jroccoheo f` eyvoe ioccfmne |ehvhiejho je co|o r|oroyepe è wfh`fppj f |eyior|oho inf c-ollfèfh{j î ec df{{odemceo|f rf| gj|f ij||ef|j(

C-oh`jpj è |fpo|eij yvmce ,f|oeie ij`vpe, epjcejhe è Ifgjcohej î |ehwejpj è 62 jhhe# zvjhò ieoî

c-orro|pvhepâ f cj iohwfhefh{j rocepeinf gj|jhho# hfmce jhhe Howjhpj# `fcco Ypjpo è Ey|jfcf ec gj|o`fccj rocepeij mowf|hjpewj epjcejhj è ifhp|o$`fyp|j f è ifhp|o$yeheyp|j# inf gj ,yior|e|f, mce,j|djè `fccj wf|momhj, f yrfh`f decej|è rf| eyp|ve|f r|oifyye j ij|eio è howjhpfhhe vggeiejce#yoppvggeiejce f yfdrceie yoc`jpe pf`fyine `j ioh`jhhj|f jcc-f|mjypoco rf|inå# rf|ljiio# cj mevype{ej`fwf gj|f ec yvo io|yo f rvhe|f e i|edehjce è mvf||j pf`fyine(

@fc |fypo# `jcc-> yfppfdl|f :509 cf rj|ocf oho|f f èmhepâ yoho ijhifccjpf `jc woijlocj|eo rocepeio fdecepj|f epjcejho(

Ec |jrro|po g|j cf mf|j|inef decepj|e f` e wf|peie rocepeie `fdoi|eypejhe y―ehi|ehj rf| cj r|edj wocpjhfc :565# zvjhò# |eyrfppewjdfhpf# ec <> dj|{o f` ec <5 dj|{o# |jyyfmhjho cf èdeyyeohe ec ijro èYpjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo# Meo|meo Cev{{e# f ec ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj @egfyj# Mevyfrrf

Djhiehfcce# rf| iohp|jype dje |fye rvllceie ioh ec deheyp|o `fccj @egfyj# Mevceo Jh`|foppe(

@oro cj Yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf# ec dohò hoh nj iohoyievpo cj rjif( Ec r|oifyyo è `fiocohe{{j{eohf nj ehgejddjpo c-Jyej ioh cj mvf||j `-Ehòiehj yoypfhvpj `jccjG|jhiej# cj mvf||emcej eh Djcfyej# Gecerrehf# Ehòhfyej# cj mvf||j è Io|fj nj ollcemjpo mce Ypjpevhepe j` ehpf|wfhe|f decepj|dfhpf f j yior|e|f cj r|or|ej ehijrjiepâ è wehif|f vhj mvf||jiohwfh{eohjcf rf| c-edroyyelecepâ è vyj|f ec yvo j|yfhjcf hvicfj|f(

@jccj dfpâ `fmce jhhe Iehzvjhpj# ec r|oifyyo è celf|j{eohf `jc òdeheo iocohejcf lejhio ehwfypf:-Jg|eij f c-j|fj `fc Dfèpf||jhfo |eèwefhf pf||j è g|ohpef|j f è iohgceppo(

Cj mvf||j iewecf eh M|fiej î gehepj ec :7 oppol|f :505# ioh cj hfppj yiohgeppj `jccj mvf||emcejiodvheypj# dj `jcc-jvpvhho `fc :560 î eh io|yo cj mvf||j `-Jcmf|ej inf wf`f cj G|jhiej ehijrjif è|fr|edf|f decepj|dfhpf cj |ewocpj inf ye wvocf jcedfhpjpj r|or|eo `jcc-Vheohf yowefpeij(

Dj# yf e rjfye j|jle yoho eh gf|dfhpo# c-jwwfhedfhpo inf `fpf|dehj cj ywocpj î |jrr|fyfhpjpo `jccjo|hepv|j è j|de inf cj Ifioycowjiinej# hfc dfyf è cvmceo `fc :566# iohif`f jcc-Fmeppo# yv

|einefypj `fc mowf|ho yowefpeio inf wf`f# o|dje# eh Ey|jfcf vho yp|vdfhpo `fcc-edrf|ejceydo jhmco$yjyyohf(

Cj rocwf|ef|j dfèpf||jhfj y-ehgejddj ioh c-jppjiio g|jhio$l|epjhheio$ey|jfcejho jcc-Fmeppo `fc <5oppol|f :567# inf `fpf|dehj rf| cj r|edj wocpj# cj dehjiiej yowefpeij è ehpf|wfhe|f è|fppjdfhpfioh r|or|ef p|vrrf j ègfyj `fe Rjfye j|jle yoppo jppjiio(

Jyej# Jg|eij f Dfèo O|efhpf hoh yoho ehicvye hfe rjppe è Kjcpj# zvehè eh zvfccf j|ff co yiohp|o g|jYpjpe vhepe f` Vheohf yowefpeij rvü jwwfhe|f yfh{j fyicvyeohf è iocre# ioh c-jwwf|pfh{j è ioh`v|co

rf| ehpf|roypj rf|yohj( Cf `vf ropfh{f dohèjce yoypfhmoho cf coppf è celf|j{eohf hj{eohjce jwwf|yjhò fhp|jdle ec

iocohejceydo fv|orfo# dj mce Ypjpe vhepe ye p|owjho j òwf| gj|f e iohpe ioh ec gjppo inf cf ropfh{fiocohejce yoho iodrohfhpe fyyfh{ejce `fcc-Jccfjh{j jpcjhpeij `jc Ro|pomjcco jcc-Ocjh`j# `jccjG|jhiej jccj M|jh L|fpjmhj(

Ec lcoiio oiie`fhpjcf iohio|`j yoco yvccj ègfyj j` ocp|jh{j è Ey|jfcf# èwfhvpj yfhpehfccj jwjh{jpj`fc ,dohò celf|o, eh vh Dfèo O|efhpf eh ive cj r|fyfh{j yowefpeij f` ec èggoh`f|ye `fc dj|~eydo$cfheheydo èwfhmoho# wej wej# yfdr|f reõ go|pe(

C-Epjcej hoh î è|fppjdfhpf ioehwocpj hfe iohgceppe# dj èwefhf jhin-fyyj r|edj cehfj zvjhò:-Vheohf yowefpeij |jggo|{j eh doò djyyeiieo cj r|or|ej Dj|ehj decepj|f rf| r|fyeèj|f ec

Dfèpf||jhfo ehyeèjhò dehjiieoyjdfhpf cj yvr|fdj{ej `fccj WE gcoppj jdf|eijhj( Ec 6 mfhhjeo :56=# j ]jynehmpoh# ec r|fye`fhpf @}emnp Feyfhno}f| r|oicjdj cj yvj òpp|ehj rf| ec Dfèo O|efhpf vggeiejcdfhpf è|fppj j iohp|jypj|f :-,jmm|fyyeohf iodvheypj,(

,Cj rf|èpj `fc Dfèo O|efhpf $ jggf|dj Feyfhno}f| $ `fpf|dehf|fllf vhj yepvj{eohf èyp|jhmocjdfhpo rf| ec dohò celf|o,( Cj òpp|ehj yjhieyif :-,jvpo|e{{j{eohf j` edrefmj|f cf Go|{f j|djpf rf| jyyeiv|j|f f r|opfmmf|f



c-ehpfm|epâ pf||epo|ejcf f c-ehèrfh`fh{j rocepeij è zvjcyejye hj{eohf o m|vrro è hj{eohe hfc DfèoO|efhpf inf òdjhè c-jyyeypfh{j jdf|eijhj iohp|o vh-jmm|fyyeohf j|djpj r|owfhefhpf `jzvjcvhzvf Rjfyf inf yej iohp|occjpo `jc iodvheydo ehpf|hj{eohjcf,(

C-jhho yviifyyewo# ec :> cvmceo :56># cf p|vrrf jdf|eijhf f l|epjhheinf ylj|ijho eh Celjho f` ehMeo|`jhej `jhò jrrceij{eohf r|jpeij jccj òpp|ehj Feyfhno}f| f |elj`fhò cj yge`j jcc-Vheohf

yowefpeij inf c-jiifppj ropfh{ejhò cj yvj gcoppj f` edrohfhò cj yvj r|fyfh{j hfc Dfèpf||jhfo( @jc dodfhpo eh ive cj dehjiiej decepj|f yowefpeij# rf| cj r|edj wocpj `jc :506# èwefhf iohi|fpj cfGo|{f j|djpf ehe{ejho j |ewfhèij|f vh |voco djmmeo|f jcc-ehpf|ho `fmce Ypjpe oiie`fhpjce# eh hodf`fccj ljppjmcej iohp|o ec – iodvheydo ehpf|hj{eohjcf,((

Hoh ye r|ogecj yoco cj royyelecepâ è vhj mvf||j iohwfh{eohjcf# rf|inå cj mvf||j rocepeij ye iodljppfjhinf ioh jcp|f f èwf|yf j|de(Ioyã inf hfc lcoiio oiie`fhpjcf pvppj cj iodvhepâ `fe yf|we{e yfm|fpe î dfyyj eh jccj|df `jccj|eioypepv{eohf j Doyij `fc è|fppo|jpo ,@,# ec <9 mevmho :565# hfcc-jdlepo `fc r|edo èrj|pedfhpomfhf|jcf .yreohjmmeo% `fc Aml jc iodjhò è Ewjh Jmjpo# ,ehij|eijpo `fccj rejhegeij{eohf o `fccjèwf|yeohf yv yijcj yp|jpfmeij,(

Cj doyyj yowefpeij wefhf ehpf|r|fpjpj iodf ec yfmhjcf è vh ijdrjmhj è èyehgo|dj{eohf yv

yijcj rcjhfpj|ej `j rj|pf è Doyij# pjhpo inf e è|emfhpe `fe yf|we{e yfm|fpe oiie`fhpjce hohi|f`f|jhho# ehe{ejcdfhpf# jccj wf|eèiepâ `fcco yiohp|o g|j Vheohf yowefpeij f Iehj rorocj|f(

@jc :² jc 9 èifdl|f :565# j Rj|eme# r|fyyo cj yf`f `fccj Hjpo# ye ywocmf vhj iohgf|fh{jehpf|hj{eohjcf yvccj ,mvf||j rocepeij `fe Yowefp,# hfc io|yo `fccj zvjcf î r|oyrfppjpj cj hfifyyepâ èo|mjhe{{j|f cj coppj rocepeij jhpeiodvheypj ioypepvfhò vho Ypjpo djmmeo|f deypo# iodroypo `jiewece f decepj|e(

Cf Go|{f j|djpf r|orohmoho yå ypfyyf iodf hvowj go|{j rocepeij # ec rj|pepo hvowo inf e df{{e è iveèyrohf f cj èyiercehj `fe yvoe j`frpe rvü mj|jhpe|f cj weppo|ej iohp|o ec iodvheydo f yjcwj|f cj iewecpâ oiie`fhpjcf(

Ec r|fif`fhpf `fccf Go|{f j|djpf g|jhifye inf# `j Jcmf|e# ec :9 djmmeo :56># njhho edroypo ecmfhf|jcf Inj|cfy @f Mjvccf iodf hvowo r|fye`fhpf `fccj \frvllceij p|jhyjcrehj# yfh{j weocj|f cjcfmjcepâ ioypepv{eohjcf# nj gjppo yivocj rf|inå nj èdoyp|jpo inf e decepj|e njhho vh |voco `jywocmf|f eh ijdro rocepeio f hoh yoho èyroype j yvle|f rjyyewjdfhpf cf `fieyeohe `fe mowf|hezvjhò hoh iohgo|de jccf hfifyyepâ `fccj ljppjmcej iohp|o ec iodvheydo ehpf|hj{eohjcf (

Eh Epjcej# ec pfhpjpewo è ypjiij|f ec Rj|pepo yoiejceypj `j zvfcco iodvheypj iohòppo `j Jcò Do|o#|e`fypj e pedo|e jdf|eijhe è vh |eyo|mf|f hfccj rfheyocj è pfh`fh{f hfvp|jceypf# iodf yfmhjcjpo `jvh òivdfhpo |f`jppo# ec :2 mfhhjeo :56># `jcc-Oggeif og ehpfccemfhif |fyfj|in jh` jhjcuyey .Oe|%`fc @erj|pedfhpo è ypjpo(Mce jdf|eijhe njhho ehe{ejcdfhpf mvj|`jpo ioh yoyrfppo f ègge`fh{j jccj rocepeij è ifhp|o$yeheyp|j|epfhvpj fyyfh{ejcf `j rj|pf è vhj rj|pf `fccj è|emfh{j `fdoi|eypejhj rf| jyyeiv|j|f mowf|$hjlecepâ jc Rjfyf(

C-> jmoypo :567# jwfwjho rf|geho erope{{jpo inf c-j{eohf è Refp|o Hfhhe goyyf eyre|jpj è|fppjdfhpf`jc mowf|ho yowefpeio# dj yviifyyewjdfhpf cj Ifhp|jc ehpfccemfhif jmfhiu .Iej% jwfwj j`f|epo#yfh{j |eyf|wf# jccj pfye inf ec rjyyjmmeo `fc Rj|pepo yoiejceypj jc ijdro `fdoi|jpeio f` ec yvoehm|fyyo hfcc-j|fj mowf|hjpewj jw|fllf|o ioypepvepo vh `v|o iocro jc Rj|pepo iodvheypj inf hfjw|fllf |eyfhpepo jhinf eh pf|dehe è iohyfhye fcfppo|jce(

Cf yrf|jh{f jdf|eijhf yoho inej|jdfhpf fyr|fyyf eh vhj cfppf|j inf \olf|p Aodf|# dfdl|o `fcIohyemceo è yeiv|f{{j hj{eohjcf# yi|ewf j` J|pnv| Yincfyehmf|# ec 5 mevmho :57:;,Vh-vcpedj |oppv|j p|j Rye f Rie# |eyvcpjhpf `j vh fwfhpvjcf mowf|ho è ifhp|oyeheyp|j# rop|fllfèyp|vmmf|f `fgehepewjdfhpf cf yrf|jh{f `fe iodvheype è iohzveypj|f vhj djmmeo|jh{j rj|cjdfhpj$|f f i|fj|f vh-jcpf|hjpewj èhjdeij hoh iodvheypj,(

Co ypfyyo J|pnv| Yincfyehmf|# ec meo|ho yviifyyewo# :2 mevmho# ehwej jc r|fye`fhpf Konh G( Afhhfù

vh dfdo|jh`vd eh weypj `fccj weyepj `fc r|fye`fhpf `fc Iohyemceo epjcejho# Jdehpo|f Gjhgjhe# hfczvjcf# g|j c-jcp|o# yvmmf|eyif è ,|erfpf|f cj roye{eohf jdf|eijhj inf iohpehvejdo j gjwo|e|f deyv|fyfwf|f f` fggeijie iohp|o co yreohjmmeo f cj yowwf|yeohf iodvheypj f inf c-jrf|pv|j j yeheyp|j



|fh`f|fllf zvfccf deyv|f jhio|j reõ edro|pjhpe,( Ec ifhp|o$yeheyp|j hoh î zvehè iohye`f|jpo vh dodfhpo `fccj i|fyiepj `fdoi|jpeij `fcc-Epjcej# dj îyoco vh fyrfèfhpf# g|j e pjhpe# rf| iohp|jypj|f ec Rj|pepo iodvheypj f# hfc iohpfdro# rf| mj|jhpe|fjccj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj cj royyelecepâ è mowf|hj|f yfh{j òwf|ye jrrommej|f j` jccfjpe inf# yvc

rejho fcfppo|jcf# njhho roio `j ogg|e|f(

Eh ijyo è gjccedfhpo `fccj rocepeij è ifhp|o$yeheyp|j# ie yoho cf Go|{f j|djpf j mj|jhpe|f cjmowf|hjlecepâ `fc Rjfyf ioh ec iohyfhyo `fe è|emfhpe `fdoi|eypejhe o eh èyyfhyo `j fyye(Mce jhhe Yfyyjhpj |jrr|fyfhpjho ec `fifhheo reõ ,ijcò, `fccj ,mvf||j g|f``j,; cj G|jhiej yoppojppjiio `j rj|pf `fccj Hjpo ioh c-o|mjhe{{j{eohf icjh`fypehj# go|djpj `j decepj|e# `fcc-Ojy1 ec iocroè Ypjpo eh M|fiej1 cj mvf||j `fe yfe meo|he eh Dfèo O|efhpf inf èwjdrf|â geho jcc-j|deype{eo`fcc-jmoypo :5=2 ioh c-jggcvyyo eh Fmeppo è demcejej è iohyemcef|e decepj|e yowefpeie1 cj gcoppj |vyyjinf yinef|j geho j iehzvjhpj hjwe hfc Dfèpf||jhfo1 cj `fypjlece{{j{eohf `fcc-Epjcej(

Eh zvfypo rjho|jdj# jhinf eh zvfe Rjfye cj`òwf î royyelecf oiivcpj|f cj mvf||j èfp|o ec rj|jwfhpoè vhj rjif ehfyeypfhpf# cf Go|{f j|djpf èwfhmoho vh fcfdfhpo goh`jdfhpjcf f `fieyewo `fccj coppj

rocepeij( Cj `fyp|j rocepeij epjcejhj ehe{ej j mvj|`j|f jccf Go|{f j|djpf iodf co yivò iohp|o ec iodvheydo #

eh m|jò è vyj|f ioh fggeijiej cj yrj`j rf| cj iohp|oggfhyewj `fgehepewj( Co Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj @egfyj# `j rj|pf yvj# hoh |edjhf ehèggf|fhpf hå eh jppfyj è o|èhe rocepeie rf| r|fèyro||f mce yp|vdfhpe hfifyyj|e rf| r|fh`f|f rj|pf# ioh vh |voco r|fòdehjhpf# jccjljppjmcej iohp|o ec ,hfdeio ehpf|ho,(I|fj# iodf wf`|fdo# yp|vppv|f icjh`fypehf# j``fyp|j vodehe# fcjlo|j òpp|ehf# jggehj iohifppe#jccj|mj c-jppewepâ ehgo|djpewj `fe |frj|pe j``fppe jccj yeiv|f{{j(Î wf|o inf cj ie|iocj|f `fc |frj|po ,@, `fc Yegj| inf èyrohf cj yinf`jpv|j è ,pvppf cf rf|yohjcepâinf royyoho jyyv|mf|f j` jcpf ij|einf o iodvhzvf ehyf|e|ye o fyyf|f ehpf|fyyjpf jccf r|ehierjcejppewepâ `fccj# wepj hj{eohjcf# eh zvjcyejye ijdro,# |eyjcf jc <7 gfll|jeo :565# èfie meo|he òroc-ehyfèjdfhpo jc deheypf|o `fccj @egfyj è Mevceo Jh`|foppe# dj î jcp|fppjhpo wf|o inf ec Yegj| î jccfèrfh`fh{f `fcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj inf hoh rvü# rf|pjhpo# fyyf|f iohye`f|jpo fyp|jhfo oj`è|eppv|j emhj|o è zvfypj jppewepâ è eccfiepj f mfhf|jce{{jpj yinf`jpv|j(

Cj yepvj{eohf rocepeij î jppfhpjdfhpf dohepo|jpj `jmce Ypjpe djmmeo|e# iodf èdoyp|j cj hopjehgo|djpewj inf c-vggeieo ,E, `fc Iodecepf| è Ge|fh{f p|jydfppf# ec <5 mfhhjeo :570# jc mfhf|jcf èl|emjpj Fòj|ò Go|deyjho# |fyrohyjlecf `fc Yeoy Fyf|iepo# hfccj zvjcf î royyelecf cfmmf|f inf hfeiohg|ohpe `fc ifhp|oyeheyp|j# hfmce jdlefhpe eh`vyp|ejce f ioddf|iejce# c―o|efhpjdfhpo r|fwjcfhpfyfdl|j ,ygvdj|f `jccj r|edepewj roye{eohf è jyyocvpo iohp|jypo(((j` vhj ijvpj jppfyj f è mfhf|eioiohyfhyo,(

Hoh |eyvcpj inf ec Yeoy fyf|iepo# f zvfcce `fccf jcp|f J|de# jllejho c-jvpo|epâ è ywocmf|f eh`jmehe èij|jppf|f rocepeio f` î if|po# weifwf|yj# inf yoho ypjpe vpece{{jpe rf| gehe fyicvyewjdfhpf rocepeie(

Cj rocepeij è mvf||j mcoljcf jc iodvheydo `fieyj `j Konh G( Afhhfù ehwfypf eh refho c-Epjcej(Yf Jcò Do|o wf`f hfc ifhp|o$yeheyp|j vhj doyyj jypvpj rf| mj|jhpe|f cj mowf|hjlecepâ# cj Iej iewf`f vho yp|vdfhpo è coppj iohp|o ec Rj|pepo iodvheypj# dj mce jdf|eijhe r|fhòho eh fyjdf jhinfjcp|f or{eohe(

Ec :5 mfhhjeo :57:# ec Hjpeohjc yfiv|epu iovhiec fdjhj cj è|fppewj 72:0/: hfccj zvjcf ye ypjleceyifinf ,yf e m|vrre iodvheype o `fc g|ohpf iodvheypj òwfyyf|o yemhegeijpewjdfhpf jvdfhpj|f cj co|oehgcvfh{j yvc mowf|ho epjcejho# f yrfiejcdfhpf yf cj `fpf|dehj{eohf jhpeiodvheypj òwfyyf yifdj|f#mce Ypjpe vhepe òw|jhho r|fh`f|f eh iohye`f|j{eohf omhe royyelecf j{eohf hoh decepj|f .odeyyey% yej`j yoce yej eh ioorf|j{eohf ioh jcp|f hj{eohe jccfjpf# rf| jrrommej|f zvjcyejye |fyeypfh{j epjcejhjiohp|o zvfypf pfh`fh{f,(

Eh Epjcej# î co Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj j r|fèyro||f cf hfifyyj|ef iohp|odeyv|f rf| mj|jhpe|ye cj

royyelecepâ `-ehpf|wfhe|f hfc ijyo è ifèdfhpo `j rj|pf `fccj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj hfe iohg|ohpe `fcRie( Ec <= gfll|jeo :57:# eh vh jrrvhpo rf| ec è|fppo|f `fc Yegj|# mfhf|jcf Meowjhhe @f Co|fh{o# yoho



r|fye eh fyjdf e r|olcfde ehf|fhpe jc ioo|èhjdfhpo p|j vh-o|mjhe{{j{eohf rj|jdecepj|f .cj iveioypepv{eohf î ypjpj yvmmf|epj `jc iodjhò `fyemhjpo 9ˇ J|djpj%# vhj o|mjhe{{j{eohf decepj|f

rjcfyf ioh yiore oiivcpe .meâ jcco ypvèo `fcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f fyf|iepo% f vhj o|mjhe{{j{eohf icjh$`fypehj meâ j èyroye{eohf `fc Yegj|(

Hfcc―jrrvhpo ye jggf|dj# g|j c-jcp|o# inf ,hfccj ehèij{eohf `fe iodrepe ye î odfyyo $ p|j e iodrepe

inf ec Yegj| nj jyyfmhjpo jccf yvf o|mjhe{{j{eohe $ zvfcco `fcc-ehpf|wfhpo eh ijyo è yowwf|pedfhpoehpf|ho( Pjcf rj|peiocj|f iodrepo iohgemv|j eh djhef|j jhio|j reõ fwe`fhpf ec ij|jppf|f mcoljcf`fcc-orf|j{eohf è fdf|mfh{j r|fèyroypj `jc Yegj|# jwfhpf ieoî yiore f |egcfyye hoh yocpjhpo hfcyfppo|f decepj|f# lfhyã yvcc-ehpf|o rejho hj{eohjcf,(Rf| iodr|fh`f|f jrrefho inf cj ypo|ej `fc iohp|jypo `fc iodvheydo eh Epjcej î ypo|ej decepj|f# hohyoco rocepeij# leyomhj gj|f ec rvhpo yve yf|we{e yfm|fpe decepj|e inf vh-jiio|pj ijdrjmhj èèyehgo|dj{eohf ro|pjpj jwjhpe `je dfypef|jhpe yfh{j yi|vroce `fc meo|hjceydo epjcejho f `j mevèieehpf|fyyjpe jccj ij||ef|j .f# j wocpf# jhinf zvfccj rocepeij%# nj r|fyfhpjpo iodf vh eypepv{eohfèrfh`fhpf fyicvyewjdfhpf `jccj rocepeij# jvpohodo f ehicehf j `fwej{eohe(

E yf|we{e yfm|fpe decepj|e yoho# weifwf|yj# vh |frj|po `fccf Go|{f j|djpf inf |eyrohòho `fc r|or|eoorf|jpo jcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj(

Ec 92 dj|{o :505# ioh èyrjiieo h( 976/Y# ec deheyp|o `fccj @egfyj \jhòcgo Rjiiej|è èyrohf infc-Vggeieo E `fcc-Fyf|iepo# ec Yey `fccj Dj|ehj f ec Yej `fcc-Jf|ohjvpeij iohgcveyijho# ioh `fio||fh{j 6jr|ecf :505# hfc Yegj vhegeijpo# jccf è|fppf èrfh`fh{f `fc ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj(

Hfcco ypfyyo èyrjiieo# ehocp|f# ye |eiohoyif ec r|fye`fhpf `fc Iohyemceo iodf ,jvpo|epâ rf| cjyeiv|f{{j hj{eohjcf,# pepocj|f `fc yfm|fpo è Ypjpo(

Ec :² yfppfdl|f :505# èwefhf orf|jpewo ec Yf|we{eo ehgo|dj{eohe `fccj Go|{f j|djpf inf jyyvdf cj`fhodehj{eohf è Yegj|# f wefhf roypo jc iodjhò `fc mfhf|jcf Mejhij|co \f# inf meâ è|emfwjc-Vggeieo ehgo|dj{eohe `fcc-fyf|iepo `jc 9: oppol|f :50= # f ifyyf|â `jcc-ehij|eio ec <: dj|{o :56:(

Hfyyvh `vlleo# rf|pjhpo# yvccj e|fppj èrfh`fh{j `fc yf|we{eo yfm|fpo decepj|f `jcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f`fccj @egfyj# cj ive jvpo|epâ yvc |frj|po wefhf |eiohgf|djpj ec <> cvmceo :562# zvjhò wefhf eypepvepoec Iohyemceo è ègfyj r|fyyo ec zvjcf ec ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj ywocmf gvh{eohe pfiheinf(

Cj cfmmf h( 7<0 inf eypepveyif ec Iohyemceo è ègfyj ypjleceyif# ègjppe# inf ,ec Ijro è YD@yow|jehpfh`f jc Yf|we{eo vhegeijpo ehgo|dj{eohe decepj|e f jppvj rf| r|fwfhe|f j{eohf `jhhoyj jc

ropfh{ejcf ègfhyewo `fc Rjfyf,( Ec :> howfdl|f :576# ioh `r| h( :0=> ye |e`fgeheyioho e iodrepe `fc Yegj| inf iohpehvj j èrfh`f|f`jcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj jc zvjcf yoho jyyfmhjpe e |voce è ,yow|jehpfh`fh{j— f` ,eyrfppewo,# |eiohgf|djpe ioh cj ie|iocj|f `fc <6 mevmho :577# fdjhjpj `jc deheyp|o `fccj @egfyj#

\olf|po P|fdfccohe# inf doègeij cj `fhodehj{eohf `fc yf|we{eo yfm|fpo `j Yegj| j Ye` .Yf|we{eoehgo|dj{eohe ègfyj%# ioh `fio||fh{j `jc :² cvmceo :577(

Cj io|pehj gvdomfhj ijcce`jdfhpf i|fjpj ehpo|ho jccj èrfh`fh{j `fe yf|we{e yfm|fpe decepj|e `jcco

Ypjpo djmmeo|f ègfyj ye î |ewfcjpj gvh{eohjcf jccj iorf|pv|j `fccf |fyrohyjlecepâ è zvfypo vcpedo( Dj# jiijhpo je yf|we{e yfm|fpe decepj|e ie yoho e Yeoy `fccf p|f J|de inf èrfhòho `je |eyrfppewe Ypjpedjmmeo|e f gjhho ijro jccoYpjpo djmmeo|f `fccj @egfyj(

Ec <0 cvmceo :55:# j Konjhhfylv|m .Yv` Jg|eij%# ec mfhf|jcf Mejhj`fceo Djcfppe# f~ |fyrohyjlecf`fcc-vggeieo ,@, `fc Ye`# èinej|j je djmeyp|jpe inf co ehpf||omjho;,Hoh no dje r|fypjpo yf|we{eo jcc-ehpf|ho `fc W Io|ro `-J|djpj è Weppo|eo Wfhfpo( Yo rf|ü inf `jyfdr|f p|j e yvoe iodrepe |efhp|jwj zvfcco è o|mjhe{{j|f vhj |fyeypfh{j hfc ijyo è ehwjyeohf jorf|j `fccf Go|{f j|djpf `fcc-Fyp fv|orfo(Ye p|jppjwj è vh-jppewepâ è |fyeypfh{j inf òwfwj fyyf|f roypj eh fyyf|f `j rf|yohjcf hoh decepj|f(

\epfhmo inf èrfh`fyyf `jc YEOY `fcc-Fyf|iepo,( J rj|pf cj |fpeifh{j `fc mfhf|jcf Djcfppe inf mce yvmmf|eyif è fyicv`f|f cj rj|pfierj{eohf è |frj|pe

decepj|e `-åcepf jccj fwfhpvjcf mvf||j è mvf||emcej iohp|o mce edr|oljlece ehwjyo|e yowefpeie# îyemhegeijpewo inf ypjleceyij vh |jrro|po è èrfh`fh{j `fccj yp|vppv|j ,Mcjèo, `jc Yeoy fyf|iepoinf# j yvj wocpj# |eyroh`f jc ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo(



Cj iohgf|dj# g|j jcp|f# mevhmf `j vhj |evheohf ywocpjye ec 9 dj|{o :570 g|j ec iodjh`jhpf `fc Yeoyfyf|iepo# ec ijro `fcc-vggeieo ,\, `fc Yegj| f ec |fyrohyjlecf `fccj yf{eohf Yj` .,Mcjèo,%yvcc-edrfmho `fmce vggeiejce ,E,( Ye `fie`f inf c-jppewepâ j``fyp|jpewj ehe{e eh jvpvhho f ye ypjleceyif èp|owj|f vhj `fhodehj{eohf è iorf|pv|j rf| dfmceo mj|jhpe|f cj yeiv|f{{j `fcc-orf|j{eohf(

Ec Yeoy fyf|iepo# jccf è|fppf èrfh`fh{f `fcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo# ehpf|wefhf zvehè hfccj

ljppjmcej rocepeij iohp|o ec iodvheydo f` ec cjyyeydo `fdoi|eypejho hfe iohg|ohpe è zvfyp-vcpedo(

J `fgehepewj iohgf|dj inf ,Mcjèo, hoh y-e`fhpegeij ioh ec yoco yf|we{eo yfm|fpo decepj|f# i-î ec gjppoinf# ec <2 mfhhjeo :5=2# î ec |fyrohyjlecf `fc Yeoy$fyf|iepo# mfhf|jcf Wepo Deifce# j` ehwej|f vhjhopj yvccf ,Ypju$lfneh`, jc hvowo ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj# mfhf|jcf Fh{o Dj|infye(Ioyj jllej |jrr|fyfhpjpo ,Mcjèo, hfccj ljppjmcej iohp|o ec iodvheydo î gjppo ypo|eijdfhpf

r|owjpo dj zve ehpf|fyyj gj| |ecfwj|f inf cj yvj jppewepâ rocepeij hoh `f|ewü `jc gjppo è fyyf|f vhjyp|vppv|j vggeiejcdfhpf ehyf|epj hfc yf|we{eo yfm|fpo decepj|f# lfhyã `jmce o|èhe inf r|owfhewjho `jewf|peie `fccj Go|{f j|djpf# ehi|fèlecdfhpf |edjype fyp|jhfe yvc rejho mevè{ej|eo f yv zvfccoypo|eio(Vggeiejce `fc Yeoy fyf|iepo ce p|owejdo edrceijpe hfccf weifh`f oyiv|f f p|jmeinf `fmce jhhe ioye``fppe

è ,reodlo,# `j Jdoy Yrej{{e# rcv|ehzveyepo# jc iocohhfcco Ioyedo Rjif f` jc ijrepjho Refp|oIjhmeoce ehyf|epe hfcc-o|mjhem|jddj `fe ,iohmev|jpe, `fc –mocrf Lo|mnfyf,# f hfccj è|f{eohf `fc yf|we{eo è yreohjmmeo eccfmjcf o|mjhe{{jpo `jccj Gejp p|owejdo vggeiejce `fc Yeoy Jf|ohjvpeij(

Eh zvfyp-vcpedo ijyo ye rop|fllf fiifre|f inf c-j{efh`j po|ehfyf gjll|eij jhinf j|de# jf|fe# lceh`jpefii( f inf# zvehè# î ho|djcf inf ec yvo yf|we{eo è yeiv|f{{j ehpf|hj goyyf è|fppo `j vodehe `feyf|we{e yfm|fpe(Rf|ü# cf yinf`jpv|f `fccj Gejp hoh |emvj|`jwjho e royyelece weocjpo|e `fe yfm|fpe decepj|e hå pfh`fwjho j` ehèwe`vj|f fwfhpvjce yjlopjpo|e# rf|inå f|jho gehjce{{jpf jc iohp|occo rocepeio `fccfdjfyp|jh{f f `fe co|o gjdecej|e# f hoh yoco(

Ec :> yfppfdl|f :562# c-eccfmjcf yp|vppv|j ehgo|djpewj `fccj Gejp |fèmf vhj yinf`j yvc iohpo èYf|meo Mj|jwehe# `fgehepo, jro vggeieo ehgo|dj{eohe `fccj Gf`f|j{eohf, `fc Rie# ec zvjcf ,nj|evhepo yjljpo yf|j mce jmfhpe è ehgo|dj{eohf je zvjce nj edrj|pepo èyroye{eohf rf| ehpfhyegeij|f cj

r|orjmjh`j eh yfho jcc-fyf|iepo( Nj |jiiodjh`jpo è fypfh`f|f cj djmmeo|f jppewepâ g|j mce vggeiejceeh y(r(f( f è pfhf|ye eh iohpehvo ioccfmjdfhpo ioh cf ifccvcf vggeiejce è iodrcfdfhpo( Rj|peiocj|f|jiiodjh`j{eohf nj |ewocpo jcc-jppeweypj G( F( ijroifccvcj r|fyyo ec @eyp|fppo decepj|f ioh ec zvjcf yeî iodrejievpo rf| ec cjwo|o geh zve ywocpo,(Yf|meo Mj|jwehe# è|emfhpf `fc Rj|pepo iodvheypj# hoh nj jcivh |jrro|po è|fppo o` ehè|fppo ioh cjGejp(

Ec <0 mfhhjeo :566# ec yf|we{eo yfm|fpo `fccj Gejp ypecj vh |jrro|po ehgo|djpewo yvc iohpo è D(@( f~,ypjggfppj rj|pemejhj, f decepjhpf `fc Rj|pepo `-j{eohf# è ive o|j ye yoyrfppj inf ywocmj# eh |fjcpâ#

jppewepâ rocepeij j gjwo|f `fc Rie( D(@( hoh nj jcivh |jrro|po# è|fppo o` ehè|fppo# ioh cj Gejp( Cj r|owj inf co Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj @egfyj# p|jdepf co Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-Jf|ohjvpeij inf njvpece{{jpo ec r|or|eo Yeoy# nj ioypepvepo hfc òromvf||j vh yf|we{eo è yreohjmmeo eccfmjcf eh ijdroeh`vyp|ejcf# hoh rf| r|opfmmf|f yfm|fpe dj rf| iohp|occj|f cf djfyp|jh{f f zvjhpe jcp|e ieppjèhejwfwjho cj wfhpv|j è jppe|j|hf c-jppfh{eohf# wefhf `j vh pfcfm|jddj ehwejpo `jcc-jddeheyp|jpo|f`fcfmjpo `fccj Gejp# ec 7 yfppfdl|f :560# jcc-jdljyiejp|eif jdf|eijhj Icj|j Loopn Cvif;,:% @j mfhhjeo j` jmoypo jllejdo yoyrfyo o ceifh{ejpo 7>= eh`fye`f|jlece# ocp|f je =22 r|fif`fhpef wf hf jllejdo iodvheijpo e hode( <% @-jiio|ò ioc -iovhp|u pfjd- jllejdo ehpfhyegeijpo mce ygo|{e

rf| cj gvyeohf `fmce ehèrfh`fhpe ioh cj Ieyc f cj Vec j `jhho `fccj Imec( 9% Ie yejdo jhinfjiio|`jpe yvccj eypepv{eohf è vhj fhpepâ è yeiv|f{{j iodroypj `j fyrohfhpe `fcc-jf|ohjvpeij

epjcejhj# `fcc-jdljyiejpj jdf|eijhj f `fccj Gejp( 0% Ypejdo iohpjppjhò jcp|f yoiefpâ# cj Od# cj Djmhfpe Dj|fcce# cj Lo|cfppe# rf|inå yfmvjho ec hoyp|o fyfdreo,( Hoh ie yoho# rf|pjhpo# `vlle; cj Gejp nj vpece{{jpo rf| pvppo ec òromvf||j vh yf|we{eo yfm|fpo



r|or|eo# è|fppo `j rf|yohjcf `fc Yeoy Jf|ohjvpeij f ioo|èhjpo ioh fyrohfhpe `fe yf|we{e yfm|fpejdf|eijhe(

Jhinf eh zvfypo ijyo# cj r|fyfh{j `fccj Go|{f j|djpf hfcco ywocmedfhpo è vh-jppewepâ yreoheypeijeccfmjcf je `jhhe è ieppjèhe epjcejhe# o|mjhe{{jpj `jc ijrepjceydo r|ewjpo ehèmfho# î gvo|eèyivyyeohf(

C-jddeheyp|jpo|f `fcfmjpo `fccj Gejp# Weppo|eo Wjccfppj# ec << jmoypo :562# j` Fmeèo O|pohj jwfwjiohgfyyjpo;,Hoh royyejdo gj|f inf vhj yocj rocepeij; zvfccj `fcc-Jdf|eij rf| c-Jdf|eij,(

Jccj ypfyyj iohicvyeohf yoho mevhpe# geh `jcc-> yfppfdl|f :509# e wf|peie decepj|e epjcejhe(Iodf jllejdo weypo# hfcc-jrrvhpo `fc Yegj| `fc <= gfll|jeo :57E ye gj |egf|edfhpo j` vhjo|mjhe{{j{eohf rj|jdecepj|f ,cj ive io ypepv{eohf î ypjpj yvmmf|epj `jc iodjhò `fyemhjpo 9ˇ

J|djpj,( Ec 92 èifdl|f :55=# ec mfhf|jcf Weppo|eo Fdjhvfcf Lo|ye è Rj|dj èinej|j jc mevèif eyp|vppo|f èWfhf{ej# Ij|co Djypfccohe;,Yjrfwjdo `jc Yegj| `fcc-fyeypfh{j è vh-o|mjhe{{j{eohf rj|jdecepj|f è fyp|fdj `fyp|j inejdjpj

O|èhf Hvowo yo||fppj `je yf|we{e è yeiv|f{{j `fccj Hjpo inf jwfwj iodrepe è mvf||emcej# f èehgo|dj{eohf eh ijyo è ehwjyeohf(Ye p|jppjwj è iewece f decepj|e inf# jcc-fdf|mfh{j# òwfwjho iodvheij|f jccj hoyp|j J|djpj .cj EEE ioh yf`f j Rjòwj $ H`|% e dowedfhpe `fc hfdeio( Ye p|jppjwj è vh-o|mjhe{{j{eohf pereijdfhpfjdf|eijhj dvhepj è j|djdfhpo f è jpp|f{{jpv|f |jèo,(Yf iohye`f|ejdo e |jrro|pe r|ewecfmejpe ehpf|io|ye g|j Reho \jvpe# meo|hjceypj `fc zvopeèjho ,EcPfdro, è \odj# f ijro è ,O|èhf hvowo, yrjiiejpj rf| o|mjhe{{j{eohf ,hfohj{eypj,# f` ec ijroè Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo Mevyfrrf Jcokj1 yf cfmmejdo cj yinf`j è j`fyeohf j` ,O|èhfhvowo,1 yf |erf|io||ejdo cj ij||ef|j `fcco ypfyyo \jvpe# hoh òllejdo gj|f docpj gjpeij j ioccfmj|fc-o|mjhe{{j{eohf rj|jdecepj|f è ive ye rj|cj hfcc-jrrvhpo `fc <= gfll|jeo :57: j zvfccj `fyi|eppj`jc mfhf|jcf Lo|ye è Rj|dj .inf hf gj fyrceiepjdfhpf ec hodf% inf nj ec yvo m|vrro reõ go|pf hfcP|ewfhfpo(

E wf|peie decepj|e jmeyioho# zvehè# orf|jhò yv reõ rejhe# oiivcpe f rjcfye# `jhò ehe{eo# eh r|edj rf|yohj# j` vhj ijdrjmhj r|orjmjhèypeij inf `fwf `fhvhiej|f cj ,mvf||j |ewocv{eohj|ej, iodvheypj f# hfc iohpfdro# cj hfifyyepâ è |eiohoyif|f jccf Go|{f j|djpf# ieoî j yå ypfyye# cj|fyrohyjlecepâ è iodljppf|cj(

@jc :> jc <: howfdl|f :57:# j \odj# ye ywocmf ec yfiohò iohwfmho yvccj ,mvf||j |ewocv{eohj|ej`fe Yowefp,# jc zvjcf# ehyefdf je rocepeie# r|fhòho rj|pf `fiehf è jcpe vggeiejce(

Ec iohwfmho `fc 9$6 djmmeo :576# j \odj# o|mjhe{{jpo vggeiejcdfhpf `jcc―eypepvpo è ypvè decepj|e,J( Rocceo,# yvc pfdj yocepo# ,Cj mvf||j |ewocv{eohj|ej,# î ypjpo wocvpo `jc ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f

`fcc―fyf|iepo# Mevyfrrf Jcokj# f gehjh{ejpo ioh e gohè `fc yf|we{eo yfm|fpo decepj|f( Ec <2 mevmho :575# j \odj# ye ywocmf vh iohwfmho o|mjhe{{jpo `jcc-eypepvpo è ypvè decepj|e ,H( Dj|yfcce, yvc pfdj ,Cj ègfyj iewecf eh Epjcej,# jc zvjcf r|fh`f rj|pf ec deheyp|o `fccj @egfyj# CvemeMve(

Ec :0 dj|{o :5=:# j \odj# ye ywocmf vhj djhegfypj{eohf o|mjhe{{jpj `jcc―jyyoiej{eohf ,Jdeie `fccfGo|{f j|djpf,(

@vf dfye reõ pj|è# yfdr|f j \odj# `jc <0 jc <7 mevmho :5=:# ye ywocmf ec iohwfmho yvc pfdj,Mvf||j hoh o|poòyyj f ègfyj,# o|mjhe{{jpo# jhinf eh zvfypj oiijyeohf# `jcc-eypepvpo è ypvèdecepj|e ,H( Dj|yfcce,# jc pf|dehf `fc zvjcf ye jvyreij inf ,cf Go|{f j|djpf jllejho reõ rfyo hfccjwepj `fccj Hj{eohf f yejho r|fyfhpe câ òwf ye gjhho m|jhè yifcpf hj{eohjce# rf| fyfdreo hfccj

r|om|jddj{eohf, (

Cf Go|{f j|djpf hoh ye ogg|oho reõ iodf yf|wepo|e `fcco Ypjpo# dj womceoho fyyf|f fyyf ypfyyf coYpjpo( Hfcc-fypjpf `fc :570# cf mf|j|inef decepj|e jwfwjho yoypfhvpo cj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj edrfmhjpj j



|ero|pj|f jcc-o|è|f ec Rj|pepo yoiejceypj# yrjwfhpjhòco ioh ec ,pehpehheo `fccf yiejlocf,( Cj mj{{j||j yijpfhjpj `jccj yeheyp|j epjcejhj iohp|o ec mfhf|jcf Meowjhhe @f Co|fh{o#

jhpjyeoyjdfhpf jiivyjpo è wocf| gj|f vh,iocro è Ypjpo, vpece{{jhò cj yocj J|dj `fe ij|jlehef|eè ive î iodjh`jhpf# nj dfyyo orro|pvhjdfhpf eh odl|j inf `jc r|fye`fhpf `fccj \frvllceij#

Jhpoheo Yfmhe# ye î |fijpo# yv iohwoij{eohf# jhinf ec ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj# mfhf|jcf

Jcò \oyye( Dfhp|f hjvg|jmj hfc |eèioco cj r|fpfyj inf c-J|dj `fe ij|jlehef|e royyj# ioh cf yvf yocf go|{f#iodref|f vh ,iocro è Ypjpo, eh Epjcej r|fyie`fhò `jccj wocohpâ f `jc iohio|yo `fccf jcp|f J|de#`fe co|o Ypjpe djmmeo|e f `fcco Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj @egfyj(

Hoh fyeypf hfccj ypo|ej `fe iocre è Ypjpo `fc ^^ yfioco vh yoco fyfdreo è j{eohf ro|pjpj ehhjh{e `jvhj rj|pf `fccf Go|{f j|djpf# eh jyyfh{j o j`è|eppv|j eh iohp|jypo ioh cf jcp|f(

Ec pfhpjpewo gjppo `je mfhf|jce g|jhifye# ec << jr|ecf :57:# è jlljppf|f ec r|fye`fhpf `fccj \frvllceij#Inj|cfy @f Mjvccf# î vh fyfdreo è iodf vhj rj|pf `fccf Go|{f j|djpf hoh royyj r|fwjcf|f yvccfjcp|f(

Eh cehfj pfo|eij# vh iocro è Ypjpo decepj|f rvü fyyf|f gjppo `jc yoco fyf|iepo# yfh{j ec iohio|yo`fccj( Dj|ehj f `fcc-Jf|ohjvpeij# hoh if|po `j vhj rj|pf è fyyo(

F c-J|dj `fe ij|jlehef|e f|j rj|pf ehpfm|jhpf `fcc-Fyf|iepo# hoh cj reõ hvdf|oyj hå cj dfmceoj|djpj(Pjhpo hoh wvocf è|f inf cf Go|{f j|djpf yejho yfdr|f |edjypf iodrjppf hfccj co|o j{eohf rocepeijf è iohp|jypo `fc iodvheydo hj{eohjcf(

Cj ,mvf||j `fe mfhf|jce, inf nj weypo cj iohp|jrroye{eohf g|j ec ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f`fcc-fyf|iepo# Meowjhhe @f Co|fh{o# f zvfcco `fccj @egfyj# Mevyfrrf Jcokj# hf î vhj fcozvfhpf|er|owj(

C-f~ yfm|fpj|eo jddeheyp|jpewo `fc Yegj| f `fcc-J|dj `fe ij|jlehef|e# iocohhfcco Cveme Pjmcejdohpf#fllf j è|f vh meo|ho inf ec mfhf|jcf @f Co|fh{o î ypjpo `fgfhfyp|jpo rf|inå hoh jwfwj wocvpojiifppj|f cj ,yp|jpfmej `fccj pfhyeohf,(Vh gjppo î if|po( Ec <2 jr|ecf :577# ec ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fccj ègfyj# Mevyfrrf Jcokj# fdjhjvhj è|fppewj eh ive |jiiodjh`j ,c-f`vij{eohf do|jcf f ieweij, rf| ,eddvhe{{j|f ec iodljppfhpf`jccj r|orjmjh`j yowwf|yewj pfh`fhpf jccj èym|fmj{eohf `fccj iodrjmehf decepj|f,# fiohpfypvjcdfhpf r|fjhhvhiej ,vhj yrfiegeij ho|djpewj yvcc-j|dj ryeiocomeij,(

Ec meo|ho yviifyyewo# ioh vhj pfdrfypewepâ gvcdehfj# ec ijro è Ypjpo djmmeo|f `fcc-fyf|iepo#Meowjhhe @f Co|fh{o# fdjhj j yvj wocpj vhj è|fppewj hfccj zvjcf |eljèyif c-jrocepeiepâ `fccfGo|{f j|djpf f` edrohf è fcedehj|f ,hfccj p|jppj{eohf `fmce j|modfhpe zvjcyejye |egf|edfhpo inf

royyj $ jhinf wjmjdfhpf $ gj| rfhyj|f j` vhj weyeohf è rj|pf,( Hoh i-î vho yiohp|o yoco rf|yohjcf g|j e `vf djyyede fyrohfhpe `fccf Go|{f j|djpf# dj vhj èwf|yjf` orroypj iohif{eohf `fccj coppj jc iodvheydo ( Gj |egcfppf|f inf cj `fypepv{eohf `fc mfhf|jcf Meowjhhe @f Co|fh{o# ec :6 jr|ecf :57=# yej jwwfhvpj

rf| edroye{eohf è Mevyfrrf Yj|jmjp# o|j r|fye`fhpf `fccj \frvllceij# hfcc-eddehfh{j `fcc-jwweoyvc rejho orf|jpewo `fcc-orf|j{eohf ,Injoy,# wj|jpj `jccj Iej f inf nj jwvpo# rf| c-Epjcej#iohyfmvfh{f p|jmeinf(

Jhinf cj do|pf# jwwfhvpj eh vh ehie`fhpf yp|j`jcf `jccj èhjdeij yoyrfppj# `fc mfhf|jcf Ij|coIemcef|e# f~ iodjh`jhpf mfhf|jcf `fcc-J|dj `fe ij|jlehef|e f` eh zvfc dodfhpo j ijro `fciodjhò `fyemhjpo `fccj 9ˇ j|djpj# j Ljyyjho `fc M|jrrj ec <= jr|ecf :575# eh`vif j rfhyj|f infie yejho ypjpf `fccf |fyeypfh{f go|pe# jcc-ehpf|ho `fccf reõ jcpf mf|j|inef decepj|e# jccf orf|j{eohe icjh$`fypehf iohòppf `jmce jdf|eijhe yvc hoyp|o pf||epo|eo(Fcedehjpe# eh vh doò o hfcc-jcp|o# e èyyfhye ehpf|he# cf Go|{f j|djpf ye rohmoho o|j iodf c-jmo`fccj r|fij|ej lecjhiej rocepeij epjcejhj(

J`vcjpf `jccj `fyp|j# `j rj|pf `fe `fdoi|eypejhe# |epfhvpf `je yoiejc`fdoi|jpeie f `jmce vodehe è

Refp|o Hfhhe cf yocf eh m|jò è |eyocwf|f cj yepvj{eohf ehpf|hj f è cezve`j|f ec Rj|pepo iodvheypj# cfmf|j|inef decepj|e ye ijcjho hfe rjhhe `fe r|fpo|ejhe inf yifcmoho e co|o edrf|jpo|e( J rj|pe|f `jcc-fypjpf `fc :57= f geho jcc-jvpvhho `fc :5=0# cf Go|{f j|djpf jyyocwf|jhho ec iodrepo



è iohè{eohj|f cj rocepeij `fdoi|eypejhj# |epfhvpj p|orro j||fh`fwocf hfe iohg|ohpe `fc Rie#yoypfhfhò e yoiejc`fdoi|jpeie iohye`f|jpe e ,`v|e, `fcco yinef|jdfhpo rocepeio jhpeiodvheypj fjifhò ljcfhj|f# o|j eh doò rjcfyf o|j eh doò i|erpeio# cj co|o èyrohelecepâ j` ehpf|wfhe|f rf|

ro||f gehf jc èyo|èhf rvllceio f ywfhpj|f cj dehjiiej |jrr|fyfhpjpj `jcc-jwweiehjdfhpo `fc Riejcc-j|fj mowf|hjpewj(

Hoh njhho dje erope{{jpo cf rjwe`f mf|j|inef decepj|e epjcejhf vh iocro è Ypjpo jccj iecfhj o jccjm|fij# rf|inå hfyyvh fyrohfhpf decepj|f nj dje jwvpo yvggeiefhpf ij|eydj rf| r|oro|ye $ f` fyyf|fjiifppjpo $ iodf ec ijro ehèyivyyo è vhj fwfhpvjcf Mevhpj decepj|f(

Ehocp|f# jhio|j reõ `fe rocepeie# e decepj|e djhpfhfwjho vho yp|fppo |jrro|po è yv`èpjh{j ioh e co|oioccfmne `fcc―Jccfjh{j jpcjhpeij f `fmce Ypjpe vhepe( F mce jdf|eijhe hoh njhho dje r|fyo eh iohye`f|j{eohf cj royyelecepâ è jme|f iodf eh Iecf f` ehM|fiej# è edro||f ieoî jmce epjcejhe vh mowf|ho decepj|f(

Njhho# ehwfif# if|ijpo ec ,r|fpfypo, rf| `j|f j` vh mowf|ho iewecf# yoypfhvpo `jccf Go|{f j|djpf# cj royyelecepâ è r|oicjdj|f co ,ypjpo è fdf|mfh{j,# è yoyrfh`f|f pfdro|jhfjdfhpf cf mj|jh{efioypepv{eohjce o# eh yvlo|èhf# rf| jrrceij|f zvfmce j|peioce `fc ioèif rfhjcf inf jw|fllf|oiohyfhpepo è p|jygo|dj|f e è|emfhpe `fc Rj|pepo iodvheypj eh edrvpjpe eh ypjpo è `fpfh{eohf(

Eh fhp|jdle e ijye# ec |voco `fe decepj|e yj|fllf ypjpo goh`jdfhpjcf rf|inå f|jho e yoce eh m|jò èmj|jhpe|f c-o|èhf rvllceio yvcc-ehpf|o pf||epo|eo hj{eohjcf jhinf gjifhò vyo `fccf j|de(Zvjhò zvfypo Rjfyf yj|â celf|jpo `jc cezvjdf meo|hjceypeio f ypo|eio `fccj yeheyp|j# ye rop|â|eiohoyif|f eh Kvheo Wjcf|eo Lo|mnfyf vh fyrohfhpf `fcc-fypjlceyndfhp decepj|f ehpf|ho f` ehpf|hj{eohjcf f# ioh fyyo# inf ye rop|â |eiohoyif|f inf pvppj cj yvj j{eohf rocepeij î ypjpj eyre|jpj fiohio|`jpj ioh e wf|peie decepj|e# epjcejhe f yp|jhef|e(Yj|â# zvehè# royyelecf |eiohoyif|f hfcc-orf|j{eohf inf nj ro|pjpo jmce jppfhpjpe `fc :< èifdl|f:575 ec ,r|fpfypo, inf jw|fllf mevypegeijpo cj r|oicjdj{eohf `fcco ,ypjpo è fdf|mfh{j, f jw|fllfiohyfhpepo j Mevyfrrf Yj|jmjp f` je yoiejc`fdoi|jpeie è jyyvdf|f vhj roye{eohf è r|fdehfh{jjhinf hfe iohg|ohpe `fe `fdoi|eypejhe rf|inå j co|o# f hoh je yfiohè# mvj|`jwjho cf mf|j|inefdecepj|e rf| mevhmf|f jccj ioypepv{eohf è zvfcco Ypjpo go|pf inf jvyreijwjho(

Eh hopj ehgo|djpewj `fccj èweyeohf Jggj|e |eyf|wjpe `fc deheypf|o `fmce Ehpf|he `fc <9 gfll|jeo :5=:#|egf|epo jc G|ohpf hj{eohjcf è Kvheo Wjcf|eo Lo|mnfyf# î yi|eppo;,Gh î ehyf|epo eh vh meoio è eh`vyp|ejce# Iej# Ryv# decepj|e# jc gehf è gjwo|e|f hoh pjhpo vh iocro èYpjpo# dj vh iocro `-o|èhf, (

Cj Df`jmcej `-o|o jc W(D( Kvheo Wjcf|eo Lo|mnfyf |jrr|fyfhpjwj mce ehpf|fyye f cf jyre|j{eohe `fe,ropf|e go|pe,# r|edo g|j pvppe zvfcco decepj|f(

Ec r|fyvhpo# rf| ec cezvjdf meo|hjceypeio f ypo|eio è yeheyp|j# ,r|ehierf hf|o, jwfwj eh |fjcpâ ehdfhpf è gj|f vh mowf|ho ,lejhio, |eiohoyievpo `j Ey|jfcf# Ypjpe vhepe# Mf|djhej gf`f|jcf fii(yoypfhvpo `jccf ljeohfppf `fccf Go|{f j|djpf# rf| gj|f rej{{j rvcepj `fe ,|oyye, vyjhò cf cfmmeo|èhj|ef(

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Ec rj|pemejho F`mj|ò Yomho mo`f `fcc-jrrommeo `fmce vggeiejce r|owfhefhpe `jccf gecf `fc dowedfhpo rj|pemejho# pjhpo inf ec <9 dj|{o :5=:# j Decjho# hfcco ypvèo è vh hopjeo# `froyepj ec mev|jdfhpoyoppoyi|eppo `j vhj wfhpehj è vggeiejce yvrf|eo|e ioh ec zvjcf ioypo|o y-edrfmhjho j ,iodref|f

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Cj yiodrj|yj `fc mev|jdfhpo ioh cf co|o ge|df jvpom|jgf `jccf ij|pf r|oifyyvjce `fc mevèifeyp|vppo|f Cviejho Weocjhpf# |erjmjpo rf| pjhpj ygo|pvhj ioh vhj go|pvhjpj ij||ef|j rocepeij# hoh nj

iohyfhpepo è |fmeyp|j|f# yvc rejho ypo|eio# e hode `fmce vggeiejce yvrf|eo|e `fccf Go|{f j|djpf inf cojwfwjho yoppoyi|eppo# dj zvfypj odeyyeohf hvccj pomcef jccj wf|epâ ypo|eij inf wf`f cf mf|j|inefdecepj|e edrfmhjpf eh zvfmce jhhe eh vhj yo|è`j coppj rocepeij rf| yvrrce|f jcc-ehijrjiepâ `fe



`fdoi|eypejhe f djhpfhf|f# j` omhe ioypo# c-Epjcej jcc-ehpf|ho `fc lcoiio oiie`fhpjcf# j èyroye{eohf`fmce Ypjpe vhepe `-Jdf|eij(

@oro ec gjccedfhpo `fcc-orf|j{eohf `fc :<$:0 èifdl|f :575# cj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj edrfmhj iohcf mf|j|inef decepj|e vhj ljppjmcej oiivcpj gehjce{{jpj# `j vh cjpo# j |jyyeiv|j|cf yvccj yvj ,pfhvpj, iohp|o ec Rj|pepo iodvheypj# `jcc-jcp|o# j hfvp|jce{{j|f mce ,fyp|fdeype, eh èweyj(

C-ehinefypj yvccj yp|jmf è rej{{j Gohpjhj# jlecdfhpf recopjpj wf|yo mce jdlefhpe è `fyp|j `j rf|yohjmme `fdoi|eypejhe# f zvfccj yvc ,mocrf Lo|mnfyf, gjppj ehe{ej|f hfc dfyf è dj|{o `fc :5=:#f reõ jhio|j zvfccf yvccj ,\oyj `fe wfhpe, f ec ,mocrf lejhio, è F`mj|ò Yomho# rj|pepf òro cf|ewfcj{eohe `fc yfm|fpj|eo hj{eohjcf `fc Dye Meo|meo Jcde|jhpf# j` J|hjcò Go|cjhe f# `j zvfyp-vc$pedo# roypf jccj ljyf `fc yvo èyio|yo j Cj Yrf{ej ec 6 howfdl|f :5=<# `jhho c―e`fj `fccj

rf|if{eohf `fc rf|eioco io|yo `je è|emfhpe `fdoi|eypejhe |fyeye iohpo è fyyf|f ypjpe yijwjcijpe `jeyoiejc`fdoi|jpeie# roypeye jccj mve`j è vh dohò rocepeio fpf|omfhfo# eh hodf `fcc-jhpeiodvheydof `fmce ehpf|fyye `fccj Hjpo f `fmce Ypjpe vhepe(Vpece{{jhò cj djmeyp|jpv|j iodf ec rohmo# e `fdoi|eypejhe njhho gjppo `fcc-vyo rocepeio `fccfehinefypf mevè{ej|ef vh-j|dj pfdelecf rf|inå nj iohyfhpepo co|o è dehjiiej|f jdlefhpe f` ehpf|fyyeiohp|jypjhpe ioh e co|o# ioh cj if|pf{{j rjiegeij inf e djccfjlece djmeyp|jpe epjcejhe jw|fllf|o

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Co yiohp|o `v|j geho jcc-jvpvhho `fc :5=0# zvjhò cj dvpjpj rocepeij `fmce Ypjpe vhepe f# èiohyfmvfh{j# `fccj Hjpo inf ro|pj jccj ij`vpj `fe |fmede jvpo|epj|e m|fio f ro|pomnfyf iodro|pjvh èwf|yo jrr|oiieo jccj zvfypeohf iodvheypj inf hoh iohpfdrcj reõ jppe è go|{j è|fppe iohp|o ecRie(Rf| mce ocp|jh{eype jpcjhpeie inf jhio|j hoh njhho iodr|fyo cj èwf|yj |fjcpâ ehpf|hj{eohjcf eh ivewewoho# ec dodfhpo è |efhp|j|f hfe |jhmne yijppj hfc dfyf è dj|{o `fc :5>: ioh c―eh`jmehf yvccjcommej djyyoheij R|orjmjh`j `vf# vggeiejcdfhpf è|fppj `j Ceieo Mfcce(Yf mce jhhe Yfyyjhpj yoho ypjpe zvfcce `fccj ,`fypjlece{{j{eohf—# mce jhhe Yfppjhpj# yvrf|jpo ec dodfhpo è djmmeo| rf|eioco# ioh c-vcpedj mvf||j j|jlo$ey|jfcejhj `fcc-oppol|f `fc :5=9# yohozvfcce `fccj ypjlece{{j{eohf `fcc―j|fj Dfèpf||jhfj(

Cj dehjiiej decepj|f yowefpeij eh Fv|orj î o|dje vh gjhpjydj# jc zvjcf i|fòho yoco mce jmep$r|orè `fyp|j# zvehè cf Go|{f j|djpf ehe{ejho j yroypj|f e |frj|pe jc yv` `-Epjcej1 cj yoceèpâ `fe |fmedeiodvheype fv|orfe iodehiej j` ehi|ehj|ye# yor|jppvppo eh Rocohej1 mce jdf|eijhe |efyioho jp|jyiehj|f c-Vheohf yowefpeij hfccj mvf||j eh Jgmnjheypjh f ye jwweiehj ec dodfhpo `fc èjcomo g|j cf`vf yvrf|ropfh{f inf r|fcv`f jc i|occo gehjcf `fcc-edrf|o iodvheypj(

Eh Epjcej# cj @fdoi|j{ej i|eypejhj f` e yvoe jccfjpe jiifppjho ec èjcomo ioh ec Rj|pepo iodvheypj#p|orro go|pf fcfppo|jcdfhpf rf| fyyf|f jhio|j fdj|mehjpo# p|orro cfmjpo j Doyij rf|inå ij`jecwfpo jdf|eijho yvc yvo ehm|fyyo hfc mowf|ho(

Wefhf dfho cj hfifyyepâ `fcco yiohp|o g|ohpjcf ioh e iodvheype# je zvjce c-edlfieccepâ è lfhehèwe`vjpe decepjhpe è `fyp|j nj |fmjcjpo# ioh cf yp|jme# ifhpehjej è demcejej è wope f jii|fyievpocj co|o ehgcvfh{j rocepeij# dfhp|f jccj co|o yeheyp|j r|fh`f go|{j ec co|o hfdeio reõ ehyeèoyo fpfdelecf; cf L|emjpf \oyyf(

Dj hoh |efhp|j hfcc-fiohodej è zvfypo cjwo|o rj|cj|f `fccf o|emehe f `fccf gehjcepâ `fccf L|emjpf \oyyf f è jcp|f o|mjhe{{j{eohe iodf ,Jvpohodej orf|jej, inf fhp|jho j refho pepoco hfccj ypo|ej`fcc-jhpeiodvheydo f hfe djhvjce `fccf dfpoòcomef oiivcpf ioh cf zvjce e |frj|pe yrfiejce{{jpe `fccfGo|{f J|djpf f` e Yf|we{e Yfm|fpe Iewece cezve`jho e co|o hfdeie(

Ec ioehwocmedfhpo `fccf Go|{f J|djpf hfccj mvf||j rocepeij î vhj if|pf{{j `jpj `jc hvdf|o# `jehode# `jc m|jò `fmce vggeiejce ioehwocpe f `jccj zvjhpepâ f zvjcepâ `fccf o|mjhe{{j{eoheejhinfmmejp|eie inf yoho ypjpf ioypepvepf rf| yoypfhf|hf c-edrfmho rocepeio `jccj gehf `fmce jhhe

Iehzvjhpj geho jccj dfpâ `fmce jhhe Yfppjhpj( Cj mvf||j jc iodvheydo î ypjpj cj co|o mvf||j# r|edj jhio|j inf zvfccj `fe rocepeie# rf|inå jccfGo|{f j|djpf yrfppj ehèyivpelecdfhpf ec iodrepo è iodljppf|f e hfdeie fypf|he f zvfcce ehpf|he#



jhinf yf fyyj hoh î iohwfh{eohjcf f hoh |einef`f co yrefmjdfhpo è df{{e io|j{{jpe f |fmmedfhpe èjhpf|ej hfccf yp|j`f(

Î ypjpj vh mvf||j inf nj jwvpo reõ wocpe f reõ hode# `j zvfcco è ,mvf||j ryeiocomeij, j zvfcco è,mvf||j hoh o|poòyyj, rf| jrr|o`j|f ehgehf j zvfcco è ,mvf||j j ljyyj ehpfhyepâ,(Wfèjdo# o|j# iodf c-njhho iodljppvpj f wehpj gjifhòhf rjmj|f e ioype f` ec r|f{{o jc roroco inf#

weifwf|yj# òwfwjho r|opfmmf|f f pvpfcj|f(

:50=( @ow|fddo rj|cj|f jhinf è jcp|e pfde inf |emvj|`jho c―Epjcej# ioyã rf| iodr|fh`f|f jhinfdfmceo ieü inf jiij``f f jiij`|â j` omhe Rjfyf oypjmmeo VYJ; j% ec gjcyo rjrj inf doègeiü mcej|jcè `fccj Inefyj rf| ropf|ye roe inejdj|f <9 .ec hvdf|o `fmce Eccvdehjpe è Ljwef|j% f yro`fypj|fc―jhperjrj Rjrj Meowjhhe ^ÊEE .Ljc`jyyj|f Io{{j%# cj ive ij|eij# yf rv| dfyyj eh èyivyyeohf# hohgv dje wf|jdfhpf hfmjpj yeho jc :50=# zvjhò hfcc-Jhhvj|eo Rohpegeieo yiodrj|wf `jccj hoppf jc `ã.dfhp|f ec yvo |ep|jppo |fypj g|j e Rjre fggemejpe hfccj Ljyeceij è Yjh Rjoco Gvo|e cf dv|j%1 l% E²djmmeo# Ro|pfccj `fccj Mehfyp|j# cj r|edj –yp|jmf— è Ypjpo iodrevpj eh Epjcej rf| djho `fccf OYY.IEJ% f ioh cj iodrceiepâ è Yf|we{e Yfm|fpe epjcejhe# jdf|eijhe f ehmcfye .P|vdjh# @ohowjh#Jhmcfpoh# Ypf|h# Dohpehe# Do|ceoh# fii( nppr;//}}}(uovpvlf(iod/}jpin?w4Êiw655JDLa % yp|jmf

jpp|elvepj jc ljhèpo rjp|eopj Yjcwjpo|f Mevcejho f` eh ive do|e|oho docpe ehhoifhpe Yvlepo jrr|fyyoCviejho gv viieyo `jccf go|{f yrfiejce# yfllfhf cj iocrj wfhhf jpp|elvepo j vhj wfh`fppj ( C―frfèfhpfyf|wã rf| jiivyj|f e locyifweine f` edrfè|f c―jyifyj `fe iodvheype eh Epjcej( Eh zvfccj oiijyeohfwfhhf jhinf yemcjpo vh rjppo ioh Dohpehe f rf| cj yvj jyifyj jc yomceo Ij|èhjce{eo .J|iewfyiowo èDecjho f zvehè jc Yomceo Rohpegeieo# eh lj|lj jc Lfjpo Reo ÊE inf hf yiohmev|jwj( F― eh Yeiecej# iohcj DJGEJ è Ypjpo inf ye meoij cj ypo|ej `―Epjcej( Yfdr|f eh zvfc rf|eoò wfhhf |ejppewjpj cj Ljhij`fc Wjpeijho# co EO\# jpp|jwf|yo ive gj| rjyyj|f rj|pf `fe gohè hf|e rj|jccfce jc Rejho Dj|ynjcc# f coypfyyo Dohpehe ye gfif jhinf mj|jhpf rf| cf YY eh gvmj .Rejho O`fyyj o |jpcehf EC IJHJCF @FE\JPPE% wf|yo c―J|mfhpehj# hjyioh`fhòce hfe iohwfhpe òwf Reo ÊE jwfwj èyroypo è ro|pj|we mcefl|fe rf|yfmvepjpe( Dohpehe y―f|j mvj`jmhjpo cj ge`viej# zvjhò# yfdr|f è hjyioypo `j Rjrj Reo ÊE#ehweü jmce jdf|eijhe cf ioo|èhjpf rf| iocre|f ioh cj lodlj jpodeij cj èoifye reõ |eiij è Ijppoceieeh Mejrrohf ’ djmj|e e `fypehe è Hjmjyjau mce ygvmmewjho1 i% iohgf|fh{j è Yffceylf|m# inf ehijhpüMeowjhhe .<9% jcc―froij jhio|j Rjp|ej|ij è Wfhf{ej f inf mfppo cf ljye rf| cj èggvyeohf `fccjm|jh`f dfh{omhj yehi|fpeypj hfc Iohieceo Wjpeijho EE# è ive rj|cf|ü reõ jdrejdfhpf jwjhpe1 `% coEO\# ec rvhpo òcfhpf yv ive ye iohifhp|j rj|pf `fcc―jroypjyãj fiicfyejypeij# è ive Dohpehe gv ecm|jh`f –goineypj— .yfhpo ec gvdf è Yjpjhj fhp|j|f eh Wjpeijho%( C-Eypepvpo# owwejdfhpf hoh hjyif iocdohy( Dohpehe( Jpp|jwf|yü p|f rf|eoè è m|jh`f ijdlejdfhpo; hfc :>=2 ioh cj èyyocv{eohf `fccoYpjpo Rohpegeieo1 hfc :5<5 ioh e Rjppe Cjpf|jhfhye inf ypjlece|oho c-ehèrfh`fh{j `fccj Ieppâ `fcWjpeijho1 f` eh yfmvepo jmce jiijèdfhpe `fccj Yfioh`j Mvf||j Dohèjcf( Gv ec Lfjpo Reo ÊE infhfc :50< cj |ejddo`f|hü f |e`fhodehü EO\ .Eypepvpo rf| cf Orf|f è \fcemeohf%# vhj wf|j ljhij iohyioro e cvi|o# opjpj e rf|yohjcepâ mev|eèij r|or|ej( Ioh zvfypj p|jygo|dj{eohf co EO\ ewfhhf vh

wf|o f r|or|eo eypepvpo è i|fèpo jwfhpf iodf ommfppo `-edr|fyj zvfcco è gj| g|vppj|f e ijrepjce jèyroye{eohf( Ec 9: èifdl|f „0< ec deheyp|o `fccf Gehjh{f `fc mowf|ho epjcejho Rjoco Pnjoh è \fwfcfdeyf vhj ie|iocj|f inf r|fwf`fwj c-fyfh{eohf `fcco EO\ `jc rjmjdfhpo `fccf edroypf yve èwe`fhè(Hfc io|yo `fmce jhhe c-eypepvpo gv i|epeijpo rf| cj yr|fmevèijpf{{j `fc yvo do`vy orf|jhè# ljyjpor|ehierjcdfhpf yvccj yrfivcj{eohf yvc df|ijpo j{eohj|eo dohèjcf f yv zvfcco eddolecej|f# jhinfm|j{ef je yoypjh{eoye r|ewecfme f` fyfh{eohe yor|jiepjpe( Yfiohò èinej|j{eohe `fc rfhpepo è djgejWehifh{o Ijcij|j# co EO\ f|j ioehwocpo hfc |eieicjmmeo è `fhj|o è Ioyj Hoyp|j# dfhp|f vh jcp|orfhpepo# G|jhifyio Dj|eho Djhhoej .yfiohò Meowjhhe Gjciohf ¡ec reõ r|f{eoyo ioccjlo|jpo|f èmevype{ej±% |ewfcü hfc :55># `v|jhpf ec r|oifyyo rf| djgej j Dj|ifcco @fcc-Vp|e# inf ¡Ceieo Mfcceehwfypewj e `jhj|e `fe io|cfohfye è Popü \eehj hfccj ljhij `fc Wjpeijho( .(((% Co EO\ mj|jhpewj jeio|cfohfye ehwfypedfhpe f èyi|f{eohf±( Dj hoh yoco ogg|ewj mj|jh{ej jccf –yoiefpâ è yf|we{eo

djgeoyf—# dj jhinf je co|o djh`jhpe f ge`viej|e gecojdf|eijhe f gecoyeoheype# wf|yo e zvjce yoho ehio|yo ehinefypf; Pjhmfhporoce# @oh Ljhiodjp# R<# I|ji Ljhio Jdl|oyejho Wfhfpo# p|jygf|edfhpeeccfiepe jccj KR Do|mjh# fii(( Yoppo cj mfypeohf Homj|j gv|oho |jggo|{jpe e cfmjde ioh èwf|yf ljhinf(

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIcv599AMBk





Meâ `je r|ede `fc Howfifhpo e \opnyinec` è Coh`|j f è Rj|eme p|jppjwjho ioh ec Wjpeijho# dj ioh cjmfypeohf Homj|j jggj|e f rj|phf|y ljhij|e jvdfhpj|oho wf|pemehoyjdfhpf; I|fèp Yveyyf# Njdl|oyLjha# Do|mjh Mvj|jhpff P|vyp# Pnf Ljhaf|y P|vyp og Hf} Uo|a .è ive Homj|j ye yf|wewj zvjhòwocfwj iodr|j|f/wfh`f|f pepoce j ]jcc Yp|ffp%# Injyf Djhnjppjh# Iohpehfhpjc Eccehoey Hjpeohjc Ljha(F Homj|j .`jc :5<5 jc :56>% jyyeiv|ü jc Wjpeijho rj|pfierj{eohe eh yoiefpâ inf orf|jwjho hfe yfppo|e

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ypjpo Dohpehe# eh yfmvepo rjrj Rjoco WE ( Eh rj|peiocj|f mce vypjyiej fllf|o leyomho `fccj LjhijWjpeijhj r|or|eo rf| mfype|f gehjh{ej|ejdfhpf ec co|o mowf|ho fyecejpo eh J|mfhpehj f rf| yrfè|f er|or|e i|edehjce eh gvmj wf|yo ec Yv`jdf|eij# c-Jvyp|jcej f jcp|e cvomne ioh cj r|opf{eohf `fccj Iej(Owwejdfhpf ec Yfm|fpj|ejpo Wjpeijho î j pvpp-omme jyyocvpjdfhpf iohp|j|eo j |fh`f|f rvllceie mce

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\olf|po Ijcwe f `fccj yvj ljhij( Eh zvfc rf|eoò hfc Wjpeijho ye g|ohpfmmejwjho `vf gj{eoherocepeinf iohp|jrroypf; vhj# djyyoheij$do`f|jpj# `fhodehjpj ,Djgej è Gjfh{j,# gjifwj ijro jIjyj|oce# Yjdo|î# Yecwfyp|ehe f Reo Cjmne# c-jcp|j# ehpfm|jceypj# cfmjpj jcc-Orvy @fe# gjifwj ijro jDj|iehavy# Dohy( We|meceo Cfwe# weif è|fppo|f `fcc-,Oyyf|wjpo|eo \odjho,# f Dohy( Cveme Infce#Hvh{eo rohpegeieo r|fyyo c-OHV( Yfiohò vh |jrro|po `fc mevmho <22< `fc @erj|pedfhpo `fc Pfyo|o

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l|fwf `fc Pfyo|o( F c―j`weyo| ehmcfyf Pnf Mvpn|ef M|ovr hfe yvoe pjlvcjpe yfmhjcj vhj koehp wfhpv|f`j <=9#7 deceohe è fv|o p|j EO\ f rj|phf| Vyj( E yfm|fpe gehjh{ej|e `fc Wjpeijho wfhmoho iohyf|wjpehfccf Eyocf Ijudjh# ec rj|jèyo geyijcf ij|jeleio# yre|epvjcdfhpf mve`jpo `jc ij|èhjcf J`jd KoyfrnDje`j inf# p|j c―jcp|o# yef`f hfc ioccfmeo è wemecjh{j `fcco EO\( Cf Ijudjh yoho ypjpf yopp|jppf jciohp|occo `fccj èoifye mejdjeijhj è Aehmypoh rf| fyyf|f r|oicjdjpf Deyyeo yve ev|ey# jccfèrfh`fh{f è|fppf `fc Wjpeijho( Rf| ec <6fyedo jhhewf|yj|eo è rohpegeijpo# Meowjhhe Rjoco EE ec <6oppol|f <229 nj |eifwvpo vh jyyfmho `j <#6 deceohe è òccj|e# cj |fhèpj è vh gohò `―ehwfypedfhpojdf|eijho `j <2 deceohe è òccj|e `fèijpo j cve# ec Weij|evy In|eype Gvh`( Ec `fhj|o î mfypepo

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Gf||o iodvheypj( Cj hope{ej# jdrejdfhpf òivdfhpjpj# gj rj|pf `fc òyyef| yfm|fpo –Ij|èhjc Ye|e—

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Dohpehe# inf reõ pj|è yjce|â jc p|oho è Refp|o ioc hodf è Rjrj Rjoco WE( ]eccejdy j zvfypo rvhpo



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hfccj Ijrrfccj Yeypehj rf| fcfmmf|f ec hvowo Rjrj( Ieü inf jwwfhhf eh zvfccf o|f î |edjypo hfccj reõ jyyocvpj |eyf|wjpf{{j f co ypfyyo Ye|e r|fgf|e|â pjif|f rf| pvppj cj wepj yvc yvo yfm|fpo revppoypo è|ewfcj|f zvjhpo jiij``f( Yfiohò mce jmfhpe `fcc―Gle# inf zvehè eh zvjcinf doò |jiiocyf|o cfehgo|dj{eohe |eyf|wjpf è jcivhe ij|èhjce r|fyfhpe hfc iohicjwf# jc pf|{o ljccoppjmmeo Ye|e |jmmevhyfe wope hfifyyj|e f wfhhf fcfppo Rjrj ioc hodf è M|fmo|eo ^WEE( Cj hope{ej wfhhf yvlepovggeiejce{{jpj ioh cj p|jè{eohjcf gvdjpj lejhij inf jhhvhieü jc doh` o c― –Njlfdvy Rjrjd—( Hohyoco( Zvfcco ypfyyo meo|ho jccf :> cj hope{ej wfhhf jhhvhiejpj ioh meoej `jccj \jèo Wjpeijhj(

C―jhhvhiejpo|f èyyf; –Ec gvdo î lejhio(((hoh i―î jcivh `vlleo( Vh Rjrj î ypjpo fcfppo—( Dj echvowo Rjrj hoh gfif jcivhj vyiepj eh rvllceio( Cj mfhpf eh rej{{j Yjh Refp|o jyrfppjwj p|fre`jhpf#dj cj gehfyp|j hoh ye jr|ewj( J` vh if|po rvhpo j zvjcivho wfhhf|o `fe `vlle( Wvoe wf`f|f inf zvfcvdo hoh f|j roe ioyã lejhio? Go|yf f|j vh ro― m|emeo((( J zvfc rvhpo# rf| èyyerj|f zvjcyejye

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yjcvpf p|orro r|fij|ef rf| ropf| jiifppj|f( Ehgehf ec pf|{o meo|ho# c―jyyfdlcfj ye deyf `―jiio|ò rf| fcfmmf|f ec ij|èhjcf \ohijcce# Meowjhhe ^ÊEE( Geh zve ec |jiiohpo è Rjvc C( ]ececjdy( Yfiohò vhjcp|o meo|hjceypj f yi|eppo|f g|jhifyf# Covey Nvlf|p \fdu# hfc iohicjwf `fc <: mevmho :579 vh―jcp|jwocpj Mevyfrrf Ye|e ypjwj rf| fyyf|f –|efcfppo— Rjrj( Dj jhio|j vhj wocpj zvjcivho gfif oyyf|wj|finf cj Inefyj yj|fllf ypjpj rf|yfmvepjpj yf vh rf|yohjmmeo iodf ec ij|èhjcf mfhowfyf goyyf djeypjpo fcfppo Rohpfgeif( F jhio|j vhj wocpj Ye|e ijcü ec ijro cjyiejhò ec roypo j Rjoco WE(

Ec :> djmmeo :5>6 Covey Nvlf|p \fdu# c―jdeio G|jhioey @jccjy f ec Dj|infyf `f cj G|jhzvf|ef# rf|yohjmmeo docpo iohoyievpo hfccj Iv|ej |odjhj# wfhhf|o |eifwvpe `jc ij|èhjcf Ye|e hfc yvo

ypvèo è wej Yjh Co|fh{o# j Mfhowj( J` vh if|po rvhpo \fdu òdjh`ü j Ye|e yf f|j wf|o zvjhpo yeèifwj ie|ij cj yvj fcf{eohf j Rjrj( –Fmce ypfppf rf| cvhmne jppede eh yecfh{eo# zveh`ã jc{ü mce oiinejc iefco ioh vh yfhyo è yoggf|fh{j f òco|f# vhã cf djhe f# rfyjhò cf rj|ocf ioh m|jwepâ# èyyf;„Yoho cfmjpo `jc yfm|fpo― $ |jiiohpj \fdu $ Zvehè# òro vh cvhmo yecfh{eo# rfyjhpf rf| pvppe hoe#èyyf jhio|j; „Yoho cfmjpo `jc yfm|fpo( Zvfypo yfm| fpo î o||elecf( Rop|fe yi|ewf|f cel|e yve èwf|yeiohicjwe( Ioyf docpo yf|ef yoho jiij`vpf eh zvfccf oiijyeohe( Dj hoh royyo è|f hvccj― ( F` ec yvoyfm|fpo# yfdr|f inf yejho wf|f cf gohpe inf |ewfcj|oho zvfccf ehèyi|f{eohe# yf co ro|pü hfccj podlj(

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Iv|eoyo inf eh pvppo zvfypo ,icjdo|f, jhpei|eypejho `fe |fieèwe iohicjweype# roe Mevyfrrf Ye|e yejypjpo hoh yoco fcfppo `vf wocpf# dj jhinf ehyeypfhpfdfhpf( Iodf yf co Yre|epo Yjhpo wocfyyf è|ie inf

http://ilcielosoprakabul.ilcannocchiale.it/?yy=2007&mm=4&p=3


http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ZQp00j4H3Kg






geho jc :5>5# jhho `fccj yvj do|pf# cj Inefyj jwfwj vh Rohpfgeif |fjcf( Wo||fe zve vyj|f vh hvowopf|dehf inf no yiorf|po è |fifhpf j r|oroyepo `fc Yemho|jmmeo; ec `fhj|o ye ,ehwf|j, hfc dodfhpo ehive mce èjdo vh wjco|f fiohodeio è yijdleo( Zvehè; zvjhpo ye î rj|cjpo è Ye|e fcfppo Rjrj ehzvfype jhhe inf wjhho `jc :56> jc :5>5? Zvjhpe co jw|fllf|o wocvpo |fjcdfhpf |eiohoyif|f iodfRjrj? Rf|inî yf î ypjpo |epfhvpo Rjrj `j docpe# o `jmce ,fcfppe,# jhinf yf yoco rf| ,`fye`f|eo, o rf|

jrr|oyyedj{eohf o ehpve{eohf hfcco Yre|epo# jcco|j fggfppewjdfhpf geho jc < djmmeo :5>5 cj Inefyjhoh f|j Wjijhpf( Ehgjppe de yfdl|j inf co ypfyyo Dv|o è Lf|ceho yej i|occjpo hfc :5>5 .5howfdl|f%# roine dfye òro cj yvj do|pf# jr|fhò `fgehepewjdfhpf cf ro|pf jc Hvowo O|èhfDohèjcf( F- Mo|ljieow c-vodo ehij|eijpo è jdf|eijhe{{j|f# dfdl|o `fc icvl `fc Loyio Lofdo#inf hfc :5>5 gj vh èyio|yo è iohyfmhj j zvfypo hvowo yre|epo `fe pfdre# cve ,g|jpfcco, `fccjLonfdf( Zvehè geho jcco|j fyeypfwj jhio|j vh Ajpfinoh inf pfhfwj# inf gvhmfwj `j oypjioco(Jhinf zve Meowjhhe Rjoco EE ye jpp|elveyif è jwf| ydjhpfccjpo ec iodvheydo( Icjyyeiojppfmmejdfhpo `j jrr|fhèypj yp|fmohf( F# jcp|j ioehie`fh{j hoh `j roio iohpo î inf hfc <2:< yeifcfl|f|fllf|o e <9 jhhe è Yf`f Wjijhpf( <9 jhhe è M|jhè P|elocj{eohe inf èweye g|j co|o .</9% gjfyjppjdfhpf 777 rf|eoèio# mce jhhe `fmce jhpei|eype( Eh zvfyp-oppeij ijljceypeij f hvdf|eij rop|fejmmevhmf|f jcp|o jhinf yvc |jredfhpo è Fdjhvfcj O|cjhè# dj jhinf è Decfhj M|fmo|e jwwfhvpe co

ypfyyo jhho hfc :5>9( Yji|egeieo fyopf|eio f yjpjheio `fccf wf|mehe eddocjpf jcc-Jhpei|eypo

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I( @eccoh èwfhpj Yfm|fpj|eo `fc Pfyo|o(

J||ewejdo jc gejyio `fccj –Ljej `fe Ro|ie—(

@vf `fccf hjwe ye inejdj –Lj|lj|j— .domcef è M( Lvyn% f Novypoh .ijrepjcf `fccj gjdemcej%( Ec hodfeh ioèif `fcc―orf|j{eohf î –[jrjpj— .c―j{efh`j è M( Lvyn%# cfmjhò ehèyyocvlecdfhpf ec hodf `feLvyn jccj gemv|jiiej(

Hfc :5>:# c―jhho r|fif`fhpf jcc―fcf{eohf è Lvyn jccj Ijyj Lejhij# e |fmeyp|e `fccj [jrjpj `jc :572jc :577 yrj|eyioho deypf|eoyjdfhpf(

Konh G( Afhhfù ceifh{ej Jccfh @vccfy# òro cj Ljej `fe Ro|ie

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ioh cf r|fyyeohe rf| jvdfhpj|f j èydeyv|j cj yeiv|f{{j# roypj hfccf djhe è ine î jhyeoyo èfyrjh`f|cj yeho jc cedepf `fccj ifhyv|j vggeiejcf f `fcc―oiivcpjdfhpo( Hoh co iohyfhpe|ü# geh òwf deyj|â royyelecf( F hfyyvh dfdl|o `fccj dej Jddeheyp|j{eohf# j r|fyieh`f|f `jc yvo jcpo o ljyyo



cewfcco# iewecf o decepj|f# òw|fllf ehpf|r|fpj|f zvfypf def rj|ocf iodf vhj yivyj rf| edljwjmcej|fcf hope{ef# yoggoij|f ec èyyfhyo# oiivcpj|f e hoyp|e f||o|e o hfmj|f jccj ypjdrj f jc rvllceio e gjppeinf df|epjho è iohoyif|f—(

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F― c―jhho `fcc―fcf{eohf j Yoddo Rohpfgeif è Meowjh Ljppeypj Dohpehe inf r|fh`f|â ec hodf èRjoco WE( Yj|fllf ypjpo ec <7<» wfyiowo è \odj f rjrj `fccj Inefyj ijppoceij f ec 0» yow|jho `fccoYpjpo `fccj Ieppâ `fc Wjpeijho j rj|pe|f `jc <: mevmho :579 geho jccj do|pf# yf yv è cve hoh goyyf|o|eij`vpe docpeyyede yoyrfppe è jwf| djhow|jpo e `fypehe `fccj Inefyj hfmce vcpede :> jhhe# yeh `jzvjhò f|j yfm|fpj|eo è Fvmfheo Rjifcce hfccf yfm|fpf ypjh{f Wjpeijhf hfe rf|eoè `fccj EE Mvf||jDohèjcf f roe `fccj |eioyp|v{eohf `fcc―Epjcej( Rf|inå yj|fllf? Rf|inå î cve inf jr|ã ec IohieceoWjpeijho EE ehhjvmv|jhò ioh zvfypo vh hvowo io|yo `fccj Inefyj# jh{e# vh―jcp|j inefyj f` vh―jcp|j|fcemeohf( Jc roypo yvo# jhinf zvfypj wocpj yj|fllf ypjpo iohgf|djpo ec ij|`( Mevyfrrf Ye|e# inf vhj

jcp|j wocpj gv ioyp|fppo j |ehvhiej|f èfp|o r|fyyeohe è omhe mfhf|f# geho jhinf jc |eijppo yve gjdecej|e(

Yp|jho `fypeho cj ypo|ej inf yrfyyo ehjhfcj vhj yo|r|fyj jrr|fyyo jcc―jcp|j( Wfèjdo lfhf cf `jpf(

nppr;//}}}(uovpvlf(iod/}jpin?gfjpv|f4rcjuf|_fdlf``f`'w4g{6WUADy\w> Zvfypf yoho cf eddjmehe `fcc-ehiohp|o p|j Rjoco WE fcfppo jc yomceo rohpegeieo r|or|eo ec meo|ho

r|fif`fhpf f ec R|fye`fhpf `fmce Ypjpe Vhepe Konh Gep{mf|jc` Afhhfù( < cvmceo( Rjoco WE hoh nj fyicvyo cj royyelecepâ è |fij|ye hfmce Ypjpe Vhepe; |eyroh`fhò ypjdjhfjccj ijco|oyj fyo|pj{eohf inf ec r|fye`fhpf Afhhfù mce |ewocmfwj j hodf è pvppe e ijppoceie `fc Ho|`

Jdf|eij# ec Rjrj ehgjppe ye î cedepjpo j` jc{j|f cf l|jiiej# èwj|eijpf# cf rjcdf `fccf djhe jrf|pfwf|yo c-jcpo# iodf j ehèij|f inf c-jppvj{eohf `fc èyfmho î yocjdfhpf `fwocvpj jccf lvohfèyroye{eohe `fccj R|owwe`fh{j( Yf cj R|owwe`fh{j wo||â# vh Rjrj rf| cj r|edj wocpj hfccj ypo|ejp|jwf|yf|â c-Jpcjhpeio j ro|pj|f cj yvj rj|ocj f cj yvj lfhfè{eohf jc Hvowo Dohò( Rf|inå ieüjwwfhmj# pvppjwej# î hfifyyj|eo inf cj R|owwe`fh{j yej orro|pvhjdfhpf iojèvwjpj `jccj lvo£ hjwocohpâ `fmce vodehe# f` j zvfypo |emvj|ò yoho meâ jlljypjh{j inej|f cf iohè{eohe jccf zvjce#yfiohò cj Yfm|fpf|ej è Ypjpo wjpeijhj# î royyelecf inf Rjoco WE jiiocmj p-ehwepo è Afhhfù( Cj

r|edj# f` fyyfh{ejcf# î inf mce Ypjpe Vhepe gehjcdfhpf j||eweho j |eiohoyif|f cj roye{eohf `fccj YjhpjYf`f jhinf yvc rejho èrcodjpeio# yfmvfhò c-fyfdreo è zvjye pvppe# o|dje# e Rjfye `fc dohò#jhinf ef jlepjpe `j rorocj{eohe eh djmmeo|jh{j hoh ijppoceinf( Eh yfiohò cvomo ‐ iodf ye `f`vif`j vh rjyyjmmeo `fc èyio|yo vggeiejcf r|ohvhiejpo `jc Rjrj ypjdjppehj eh Wjpeijho ‐ ye |epefhfhfifyyj|eo inf hfmce Ypjpe Vhepe ye |jmmevhmj r|fwfhpewjdfhpf vhj yocv{eohf je iohgceppe inf

iohp|jrrohmoho eh zvfypo dodfhpo e ieppjèhe è wj|eo ioco|f# hoh pvppe jhio|j refhjdfhpffzverj|jpe hfc moèdfhpo `fe è|eppe iewece( Ec ioccozveo p|j Rjoco WE î ec r|fye`fhpf Afhhfù nj jwvpoypjdjppehj vhj `v|jpj fiif{eohjcdfhpf cvhmj# ie|ij zvj|jhpj dehvpe# yfh{j jcivh jcp|oehpf|coivpo|f hfccj lelceopfij r|ewjpj# hfrrv|f eh gvh{eohf è ehpf|r|fpf# `jpo inf ec Rjrj rj|cj fehpfh`f io||fhpfdfhpf c-ehmcfyf( Afhhfù î j||ewjpo eh Wjpeijho eh cfmmf|o |epj|ò yvcc-o|j|eo

r|fweypo ‐ jccf :2#:: jh{einå jccf :2 ‐ #f yvlepo î ypjpo ehp|oòppo# `j yoco# jccj r|fyfh{j `fcRjrj( Cf |fmocf `fc if|edohejcf# rf| ec l|fwf io|pfo `jc io|pecf è Yjh @jdjyo geho jccj yfioh`jcommej f è zve rf| cj yjcj Icfdfhpehj f zvfccj `fe Yfèj|e# `fe Mfh`j|de# `fccj Mvj|èj Rjcjpehj f`fmce J|j{{e# rf| cj ijrrfccj Lj|lf|ehe gc(ho jccj yjcj `fc P|oho f j zvfccj `fc P|ohfppo# f|jho cfho|df rf| cf weyepf r|ewjpf# zvehè ioh roio yrefmjdfhpo è io|re j|djpe f èmhepj|e( Pvppjwej#c-jiiomcefh{j f|j `fc pvppo fiif{eohjcf# jc è câ `fccf go|df r|opoioccj|e# f yp|jo|èhj|eo c-ehpf|fyyf(

Yf hf iomcefwj ec yfmho# gjiecdfhpf# `jccj ypfyyj wewjiepâ `fc r|edo èjcomo jwwfhvpo g|j ecyfm|fpj|eo è Ypjpo# ij|èhjcf Ieiomhjhe# f ec r|fye`fhpf Afhhfù hfccj yjcj `fc P|ohfppo( Yvcij|èhjcf# g|jmecf `-jyrfppo f è hehvpf r|oro|{eohe# ec R|fye`fhpf ehicehjwj `jcc-jcpo `fccj yvj

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=fz5VYKMsRv8





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jhinf inf zvfcco è Ocyoh hoh î ypjpo vh yveieèo dj vh odeieèo( F|j vho yiefh{ejpo# î wf|o(Dj yjrfwj p|orro# f go|yf hoh yf cj yfhpewj reõ è jh`j|f jwjhpe( Cj IEJ `fwf jwf| `fieyo inf f|j ecdodfhpo è inev`f|f zvfc ijrepoco( Eh doò –rvcepo—# yfh{j iohyfmvfh{f( G|jha Ocyoh î èwfhpjpoweppedj `fe yvoe ypfyye fyrf|edfhpe( Mce jmfhpe `fccj IEJ mce njhho yoddeheyp|jpo j yvj ehyjrvpjCY@# njhho |fyo e yvoe vcpede meo|he è wepj vh ehgf|ho inf ropfyyf mevypegeij|f zvfc pvggo `jc :9²rejho `fc Nopfc Ypjpcf|( Nj ehg|jhpo e wfp|e `fccj gehfyp|j inevyj f ye î lvppjpo meõ( Zvfypj cj wf|yeohfvggeiejcf(Yveieèo ehòppo `jcco ypjpo è jcpf|j{eohf ijvyjpo `jcc―CY@( Rf| zvfypo cj IEJ nj rjmjpo jccjgjdemcej Ocyoh `jhhe rf| =62(222 òccj|e( Dj c―jvporyej iohòppj zvj|jhp―jhhe òro yv |einefypj `fegjdecej|e nj ywfcjpo inf hoh i―f|jho p|jiif è edrjppo iohp|o e wfp|e dfhp|f jwfwj vhj cfyeohf jc

i|jheo hoh r|owoijpj `jcc―edrjppo( Omme# òro yfyyjhp―jhhe# ec cel|o è Jc lj|fcce hoh cjyiej reõ`vlle( G|jha Ocyoh î ypjpo viieyo(Ye ypj `fcehfjhò cfhpjdfhpf vh zvj`|o jlljypjh{j inej|o1 wfèjdo è |ejyyvdf|f zvjhpo jrrfhj`fppo(Ijyvjcdfhpf# jcc―ehe{eo `fccj yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf# ye yior|f zvfypj yoypjh{j .CY@% inf# m|j{efjcco ypfyyo yior|epo|f# hfc :509 èdoyp|j jdref f` fypfyf r|or|efpâ ryeiop|orf è jcpf|j{eohf `fccjdfhpf vdjhj(Jccj gehf `fccj yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf# c―CY@ wefhf r|oòppo `jccj yoiefpâ gj|djifvpeij ywe{{f|jYjhò{ f` fyro|pjpj hfmce Ypjpe Vhepe .:50>%# òwf î jizveypjpj `jccj IEJ(Ehe{ejho e r|ede fyrf|edfhpe yve yehmoce ehèwe`ve yeho jc :56:# zvjhò cj `|omj |epo|hj eh Fv|orj fwefhf `jpj eh djho jccf YY pf`fyinf# inf hoh ye gjhho jcivh yi|vroco j` ehp|jr|fh`f|f vh

fyrf|edfhpo è djyyj r|o`vifhò f wfh`fhò `fc rjhf jcc―CY@ f` jwwfcfhjhò c―ehpf|o rjfyf èRohp$Yjehp$Fyr|ep(Dj# òro jwf| `fgfhfyp|jpo `jc :9² rejho vhj `fccf dfhpe è zvfmce fyrf|edfhpe((( ioyj gfif cj IEJjdf|eijhj ioh CY@?Mce fyrf|edfhpe iohpehvj|oho? F yv zvjce g|ohpe?Hfc <227 î vyiepo vh cel|o j è| roio yiohwocmfhpf( Vh cel|o$`fhvhiej inf ypj |ejr|fhò cfrocfdeinf yvccf po|pv|f `fe `fpfhvpe e|jinfhe hfccf ij|if|e yfm|fpf `fccj Iej# inf `fyi|ewf j pehpfgoyinf vho `fe ijrepoce reõ lve `fccj ypo|ej jdf|eijhj do`f|hj( Ye ehpepocj ¡Ec dohò iodfcjlo|jpo|eo; fyrf|edfhpe ioh pore# ivheioce f vodehe±# co nj yi|eppo \flfiij Cfdow# jhp|orocomj`fcc―Vhewf|yepâ `fcco Ypjpo è ]jynehmpoh6 ( Ec cel|o eccvyp|j e èyvdjhe pfhpjpewe `fccj IEJ f è jcivhe p|j e reõ m|jhè ryeinejp|e è ¡èyp|vmmf|f f|eioyp|ve|f± cj dfhpf `fe rj{efhpe hfmce Jhhe „62( Zvfype gv|oho ehe{ejcdfhpf e |f`vie `fccj mvf||j èIo|fj ijppv|jpe f roe celf|jpe `jc |fmedf iodvheypj# inf cj IEJ pfdfwj

6% nppr;//po|hejdoehicjyyf(holcomy(o|m/royp/<2::/2=/:5/ryeio$fyrf|edfhpe$vyj$yv$ijwef$vdjhf/

goyyf|o ypjpe ehòpp|ehjpe# dj reõ pj|è jhinf `fe iewece# ljdlehe ehicvye# ioh wf|f o r|fyvhpf pv|lf ryeineinf( Yfiohò c―jvp|eif ’ inf ye ljyj yv vh òyyef| |ewfcjpo è |fifhpf$ cj IEJ jll|jiieü cjpfiheij `fccf ¡po|pv|f do|le`f± òro jwf|f jyyeypepo jccj iohgfyyeohf `fc ij|èhjcf Ko{yfg Deh`y{fhpu jc r|oifyyo è Lv`jrfyp hfc :505( R|ewjpo `fc yohho rf| 95 meo|he# `|omjpo# ehpf||omjpoehifyyjhpfdfhpf# ec ij|èhjcf èinej|ü è jwf|f jppfhpjpo jcco Ypjpo iodvheypj( Cj IEJ ye r|oroyf èyfmve|f cj ypfyyj yp|j`j rf| refmj|f ¡e hfdeie `fcc―Jdf|eij±( E r|ede pfyp wfhhf|o iohòppe hfc „62# yv

0 yref j Poaeo f <6 r|emeohef|e è mvf||j ho|ìo|fjhe( Jc |epo|ho `fe |f`vie celf|jpe `jccj Ho|ìo|fjhfc :569# c―Jdf|eij jyyeypfppf j vho yrfppjioco p|jmeio( Ylj|ijpe j Yjh G|jhieyio# e yoc`jpeyfdl|j|oho jvpode# hoh |eiohollf|o e r|or|e ij|e( Cj IEJ dolecepü Nj|oc` Mfo|mf ]ocgg#

http://www.gialli.it/un-libro-sulla-morte-di-frank-olson


http://torniamoinclasse.noblogs.org/post/2011/07/19/psico-esperimenti-usa-su-cavie-umane/






ryeinejp|j `fcc―Vhewf|yepâ è Io|hfcc( Zvfype jggf|dü inf hoh yogg|ewjho è vhj yfdrceif ¡yeh`|odf`fc |f`vif± dj è vhj yo|pj è yòrrejdfhpo `fccj rf|yohjcepâ# vhj ègfyj hjpv|jcf iohp|o cf po|pv|fyvlepf(C―jp|oif |edfèo; inevyv|j eh ifccf yfh{j cvif f yvohe# yoddeheyp|j{eohf è ¡yoypjh{f leocomeinf finedeinf ijrjie è doègeij|f cj iohòppj±# iohp|oehpf||omjpo|e(

Cj Cfdow |jiiohpj inf cj pfiheij gv |jggehjpj `jcco ryeinejp|j ijhj`fyf F}fh Ijdf|oh( Rf| |ervce|f¡c―fmo ehypjlecf± `fe rj{efhpe# Ijdf|oh yopporoyf 69 ryeiocjlece j` fcfpp|oynoia# lodlj|`jdfhpe èdfyyjmme jmmnejiiejhpe .¡nje viieyo pvj dj`|f±% rf| <2 o|f jc meo|ho rf| < yfppedjhf# <62(222 wocpfeh pvppo( Hfccj gjyf yviifyyewj# wfhhf|o ¡|eyp|vppv|jpe±# ieoî |fye reõ òiece( Cj IEJ ifyyü mcefyrf|edfhpe hfmce jhhe „72( Yvccj zvfypeohf io|fjhj f|j meâ p|jrfcjpo zvjcioyj; hfc :57< Noccu}oo`me|ü vh gecd# ¡Pnf djhinv|ejh ijhè`jpf± ioh G|jha Yehjp|j# inf hj||jwj è vh |f`vif¡r|om|jddjpo± `jccj Io|fj `fc Ho|` rf| jyyjyyehj|f ec r|fye`fhpf(@fppjmcejpf jhjceye è jcp|e fyrf|edfhpe `fccj IEJ è zvfmce jhhe yve ljdlehe ye royyoho p|owj|f jcyfmvfhpf ehè|e{{o;nppr;//}}}(refp|olj|ohf(hfp/<2::/2=/cj$p|jmfèj$hjyioypj$`fmce$fyrf|edfhpe(npdcMce fyrf|edfhpe yvccj ijrjiepâ è jyyo|ledfhpo `fc geyeio vdjho# eh ljyf jcc―fpâ o jc rfyo# gv|ohofggfppvjpe eh Jdf|eij è|fppjdfhpf `jccj IEJ( Iodf ijwef gv|oho vpece{{jpe ehiohyjrfwoce jdf|eijhe(

Ec dfpoò gv docpo yfdrceif dj fggeijif; Cj IEJ jpp|f{{ü `fccf ijyf ioh cj icjyyeij m|jh`f wfp|jpj fioh èfp|o cf iehfr|fyf jc gehf è |er|fh`f|f `jc wewo iodf mce fggfppe `fccj `|omj ye djhegfypjyyf|ohfe djcijrepjpe(Jyyvhyf `fccf jwwfhfhpe yemho|ehf inf j`fyijwjho cf ijwef |ficvpjhòcf hfe lj|# yifmcefhòce p|jioco|o inf jwfwjho roine o hvccj |jrro|pe ioh rj|fhpe inf ropfyyf|o jiio|mf|ye `fccj co|oyiodrj|yj(@oro cj yoddeheyp|j{eohe è òye è CY@ è wj|ej fhpepâ# jcivhe è co|o edrj{{ewjho o f|jho yommfppej djhef iodrvcyewf inf |einefyf|o vh r|ohpo ehpf|wfhpo `fmce vodehe `fccj IEJ rf| ylj|j{{j|ye èr|owf iodr|odfppfhpe(Jccj gehf# òro ifhpehjej è ijye lfh ypvèjpe f òivdfhpjpe# ye fllf vh zvj`|o docpo inej|o `fe yvoefggfppe yvccj ryeinf f yvccf zvjhpepâ `j jyyvdf|f yfh{j ehio||f|f eh yrejifwoce fggfppe yfioh`j|e(Mce fyrf|edfhpe dfèie `fmce Ypjpe Vhepe yv ijwef vdjhf hoh ye cedepj|o ho jcc―CY@((( è yfmvepo ecceha j` vh –l|fwf— fcfhio; nppr;//}}}(iodfòhineyieoppf(o|m/yepf/do`vcfy(rnr?hjdf4Hf}y'gecf4j|peicf'ye`4<7>5Dj# |epo|hjhò jccj –hoyp|j— CY@((( j||ewejdo jcc―orf|j{eohf INJOY( INJOY f|j ec hodf eh ioèif è vh rejho `fccj IEJ fcjlo|jpo jccj gehf `fmce jhhe ―72 `jc mfhf|jcfjdf|eijho ]eccejd ]fypdo|fcjh` yoppo c―jddeheyp|j{eohf Konhyoh( Î ypjpj vhj pereij orf|j{eohfGjcyf Gcjm .Cf orf|j{eohe Gjcyf gcjm# o orf|j{eohe yoppo gjcyj ljhèf|j# yoho orf|j{eohe yfm|fpfiohòppf `j mowf|he# m|oyyf iodrjmhef dvcpehj{eohjce# f yoho r|omfppjpf rf| jrrj|e|f iodf iohòppf`j jcp|e fhpe f o|mjhe{{j{eohe( Ec hodf `f|ewj `j „gjcyf― f „gcjm―# oyyej ljhèf|j gjcyj( C―e`fj î zvfccjè „ge|dj|f― vhj if|pj orf|j{eohf rf| ioyã è|f –eyyjhò— cj ljhèf|j è vh jcp|o ypjpo o cj yemcj è

vh―jcp|j o|mjhe{{j{eohf%( Olefppewo è zvfyp―orf|j{eohf f|j# iodf èif ec hodf# i|fj|f ec ijoy# ehdoò inf c―oreheohf rvllceij hf inef`fyyf jc mowf|ho cj |fr|fyyeohf( C―orf|j{eohf |jmmevhyf ec yvododfhpo ivcdehjhpf hfc :57> f hfc :5751 yfiohò jcivhf pfye orf|ü rf|geho hfc iohif|po è]oo`ypoia# èggoh`fhò ypvrfgjifhpe rf| ec r|omfppo DA VCP\J(\ep|owejdo ehgjppe jppewjdfhpf ioehwocpo DA$VCP\J .zvfcco `fc rjhf jcc―CY@% hfccj èyp|elv{eohfè jccviehomfhe jc rvllceio meowjhecf `fe r|ede iohif|pe \oia .zvjce zvfcco è ]oo`ypoia%(Dj j inf yioro? Hoh if|po zvfcco `fc iohp|occo `fccj dfhpf `fe meowjhe rf| yiore –rocepeio$decepj|e—pereie `fccj mvf||j g|f``j(Ho# ec dopewo î docpo reõ yvlòco(Cj IEJ ye jiio|yf inf c―CY@ ropfwj# yf iohp|occjpo hfccf òye .f hf o|dje jwfwj vh―jrr|ogohèpjiohoyifh{j%# `j|f `fmce fggfppe inf yj|fllf|o ypjpe jrr|f{{jpe `jccf icjyye meowjhece eh if|ij è

–fwjyeohf—( Zvehè cj IEJ gfif `j edro|pjpo|f `fccj `|omj `jccj Yjhò{ ywe{{f|j# `j yrf|edfhpjpo|f ioh ijwef f`j èggvyo|f `fccj ypfyyj r|fyyo cf icjyye meowjhe# inf eh zvfc rf|eoò vyjwjho |ep|owj|ye j deceohe hfe



iohif|pe dvyeijce( Hoh î yfm|fpo ec doò eh ive c―CY@ ye èggvyf j djiinej `―oceo hfmce jhhe yfyyjhpj p|j cj zvjyepopjcepâ `fmce j|peype# ijhpjhpe f co|o gjhy(Cj do|pjcepâ gv jcp|fppjhpo fcfwjpj‧ ljypj |eio|`j|f hode zvjce Ked Do||eyoh# J`jd Moc`ypfeh# Ye`Weieovy# Kede Nfh`|e~ o Fcwey R|fycfu(

Dj yf cj IEJ rfhyü jccj yrf|edfhpj{eohf f` jccj èggvyeohf `fcc―CY@ eh m|jhè zvjhpepâ((( ine hfiv|ü cj èyp|elv{eohf# j cewfcco ijreccj|f# `j rj|pf `fc yehmoco yrjiiejpo|f?We f|j hfmce ypjpe vhepe vh―o|mjhe{{j{eohf meâ lfh ehp|oòppj f èyp|elvepj hfc pf||epo|eo inf jcco|j ye`fèijwj jc iohp|occo `fccj –yfdrceif r|oypepv{eohf—# `fc re{{o f è zvjcinf jcp|j –jdfhepâ—(((cjDJGEJ jdf|eijhj(Cj IEJ p|owü zvehè hfccj Djgej vh rj|phf| e`fjcf eh m|jò è iohwf|pe|f eddfhyf yoddf è `fhj|oeh gohè yfm|fpe `fypehjpe j gehjh{ej|f zvjcyejye orf|j{eohf cj IEJ jwfyyf wocvpo ehp|jr|fh`f|f# yfh{jreõ rjyyj|f `jccf go|inf ijvèhf `fe lecjhie jrr|owjpe `jc iohm|fyyo(Gohè hf|e inf i|fj|oho vhj yrfief è yfiohò ypjpo hfcco ypjpo# inf jwfwjho jdref fhp|jpf `je

rf|yohjmme rocepeie .je djyyede cewfcce% `j vh cjpo f `jcc―jcp|o# ehyefdf je djyyede fyrohfhpe `fccjDjgej f `fccj djcjwepj o|mjhe{{jpj(

Vho ypjpo hfcco ypjpo# vh―o|mjhe{{j{eohf .IEJ$Djgej% eh m|jò è ropf| jhinf o|mjhe{{j|fc―jyyjyyeheo è vh r|fye`fhpf `fmce ypjpe vhepe( Ye p|jppj è wjce`f pfo|ef o è jyyv|`f eropfye iodrcoppeypf?Hfc yepo }fl yfmhjcjpo è yfmvepo ye rvü cfmmf|f c―ehpf|weypj jc meo|hjceypj Mejhhe Leyejin# inf hfcyvo cel|o – ec R|fye`fhpf— yoypefhf ioh `jpe jccj djho zvfypj pfye; inf Konh Afhhfù gv viieyo `jccjDjgej jdf|eijhj# eh ioccjlo|j{eohf ioh jcivhe yfppo|e `fccj IEJ( Ropfpf p|owj|f djmmeo|eehgo|dj{eohe jc |emvj|ò hfc yfmvfhpf ehè|e{{o }fl; nppr;//}}}(yrj{eo$go|vd(hfp/go|vd/porei/<7=6=$djgej$f$iej$ioehwocpf$hfccodeieèo$kga/ Zvjhpe è zvfype fwfhpe royyoho iohye`f|j|ye gjifhpe rj|pf `fccj ypo|ej f zvjhpe ehwfif royyoho|ewfype|f vh ehpf|fyyf iohpehmfhpf jhinf je hoyp|e meo|he?Cj `fyi|e{eohf è iodf ye yej fwocvpj vh―o|mjhe{{j{eohf r|ewj è yi|vroce iodf cf YY hj{eypf ehh―jyyoiej{eohf –mowf|hjpewj— iodf cj IEJ# f è iodf cj ypfyyj yej ypjpj eh m|jò è i|fj|f vh m|vrroioh ijrepjce eccedepjpe f ioh jrromme yej rocepeie yej djgeoye eh m|jò è e`fj|f f |fjce{{j|f zvjcyejyeioyj ropfyyf fyyf|f vpecf j` vho yioro(((ie gj ehpve|f inf fyyj hoh yej dje ypjpj ydjhpfccjpj `fc pvppo finf yej jhio|j jppewj f` ehpfhyjdfhpf orf|jhpf yej eh pf||epo|eo jdf|eijho inf jcc―fypf|o( Cj dfhpf io||f eddfèjpjdfhpf jcc―jppfhpjpo `fccf Po||e Mfdfccf inf# yf jhinf hoh goyyf ypjpodfyyo eh orf|j è|fppjdfhpf `jccj IEJ# yeiv|jdfhpf nj jwvpo jdre jrromme comeypeie yvc pf||epo|eojdf|eijho# f j` jcpe f` jcpeyyede cewfcce(Dj cj IEJ hoh î c―vheij o|mjhe{{j{eohf inf jmeyif hfcc―odl|j è ropf|e jrrj|fhpfdfhpf reõ go|pe; weyoh cf collefy gehjh{ej|ef# decepj|e‧ òwf ec èo yocò gj `j rj`|ohf( J hoe# mfhpf iodvhf# hoh |fypj inf jyyeypf|f edropfhpe j` ehp|emne inf jwwfhmoho yor|j cf hoyp|f

pfypf1 pvppjwej cj hoyp|j |fj{eohf `fwf fyyf|f jcdfho zvfccj è hoh i|f`f|f j pvppo zvfcco inf ie wefhfr|orehjpo `je dfèj(Dj è |eif|ij|f# yeh zvjhpo î royyelecf f ioh pvppe e df{{e j hoyp|j èyroye{eohf# vh―ehgo|dj{eohfio||fppj f` j`f|fhpf je gjppe(

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\eyvcpjpo è pvppo ieü? R|owejdo j ypecj|f `fccf ypedf rf| jrr|oyyedj{eohf( Roio rop|fllf edro|pj|fyf ypejdo yvc ègfppo è zvjcinf deceohf( Iodvhzvf yoho hvdf|e `j ijrome|o( Deceohe yoh deceohegoyyf|o jhinf yoco : deceohf( Gopom|jgejdo cj yepvj{eohf jc <2::;

Ie|ij 722(222(222 e HOH OIIVRJPE eh PVPPO ec dohò((** .fyicvye rfhyeohjpe%, :22(222(222 è ljdlehe inf wfhmoho YPVR\JPE omhe jhho hfc dohò((*, 72(222(222 è ljdlehe inf DVOEOHO YOCO è QDJCHVP\E[EOHFT

http://www.spazio-forum.net/forum/topic/26757-mafia-e-cia-coinvolte-nellomicidio-jfk/







.INF HOH WVOC @E\F YOCO GJDF%((**, 62(222(222 è ljdlehf f meowjhe òhhf inf wfhmoho jwwejpf jccj yinejwepõ f jccj r|oypepv{eohf((**, 92(222(222 e ljdlehe inf YRJ\EYIOHO jc dohò((**, :=(222(222 è ljdlehe eh pvppo ec dohò yoho yoppo ryeiogj|djie rf| wj|ef r|olcfdjpeinf**, <6(222(222 è iewece EHHOIFHPE inf dvoeoho hfccf wj|ef mvf||f((**

, 62(222(222 è do|pe rf| EHIE@FHPE# ODEIE@E# WEOCFH[F# fii( .hoh vl|ejine%((**, :<2(222(222 e EHGJHPEIE@E .jlo|pe%((**, 622(222(222 è rf|yohf J@VCPF inf dvoeoho eh iohè{eohe è wepj èyvdjhf((**

=:(222(222 do|pe rf| pjljiio hfcc―vcpedo yfioco‧**

:2(222(222 do|pe eh ehie`fhpe jvpodoleceypeie‧**

<>(222(222 do|pe rf| JE@Y `jc :5>: jc <22<‧ **

Rf| hoh rj|cj|f fccf Ijpjyp|oge Hjpv|jce o iohye`f|jpf pjce( Ljype vhj rf| pvppf;

<92(222 weppedf j Yvdjp|j hfc <220 j ijvyj `fcco Pyvhjde‧ **

Hfmce vcpede :2 jhhe yoho do|pf op|f =:2(222 i|fjpv|f rf| èyjyp|e |eioh`vielece j o|emehe hjpv|jce(

Cf Mvf||f `fc „522 |jrr|fyfhpjho ec 56& `fe do|pe hfccf mvf||f `fmce vcpede 9 yfioce( F cjrf|ifhpvjcf `fe iewece î i|fyievpj geho j |jmmevhmf|f ec 62& ioh cj Yfioh`j Mvf||j Dohèjcf f` ec52$56& ioh e iohgceppe `fcc―vcpedo `fifhheo(

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(((f yoho j||ewjpf hfc mfhhjeo <2:: cf R|edjwf|f J|jlf ioh cj `fp|ohe{{j{eohf è Lfh Jcã .<9 jhhe%Dvlj|ja .99 jhhe% f viieyeohf è Mnf``jge .0< jhhe%( Yior|ejdo yoco o|j jcivhf wf|epâ yvc cfj`f|celeio# dj jhinf yvccj gehf è I|j~e# inf ioh e cfj`f| `fc ho|` Jg|eij jwfwj vhj if|pj jggecej{eohf(P|j roio poiinf|â jccj Ye|ej# jc Celjho# jccj Meo|`jhej# f zvehè jcc―E|jh# f ineyyâ inf hoh ye j||ewe j`vhj mvf||j dohèjcf ioh ec ioehwocmedfhpo jhinf è \vyyej# Iehj f` Ey|jfcf( \ero|po;

meowf`ã <= oppol|f <2::$ Cj Celej ye r|frj|j jccj @fdoi|j{ej $ Cf :7 ioyf inf rf|`f|jhho

F- gehepj cj Mvf||j eh Celej# ec Djcf nj rf|yo ec Lfhf nj wehpo# E celf|jpo|e# rj|pemehje# e iodljppfhpe`fccj |ewocv{eohf yoho ypjpe e ijwjcef|e `fe Lfhf e rjcjèhe `fccj mevype{ej(((((

Dj eh pvppo zvfypo i-î zvjcioyj inf hoh zvj`|j((((

Yeiv|jdfhf Mnf``jge hoh f|j vh Yjhpo î r|oljlecdfhpf hf nj gjppf è pvppe e ioco|e dj iodf djehfyyvho eh zvfype dfye ie nj gjppo iohoyif|f cj Celej?

Eh zvfypo jcp|o royp Mnf``jge f~ yrf|jh{j rf| c―Jg|eij no meâ jgg|ohpjpo ec r|olcfdj roypjhò vhj|peioco inf ye yoggf|djwj yvc yeypfdj fiohodeio `fccj Celej f `fccj wocohpâ è Mnf``jge è i|fj|fvhj dohfpj Jg|eijhj hoh eh mfypeohf je ljhinef|e r|ewjpe iodf eh Fv|orj f eh Jdf|eij dj jmceYpjpe# zvehè vyjpj rf| ec lfhf `fc roroco(

Zve yoppo p|jppo `jc Lcom è Hfowep|vwejh vh j|peioco yv :7 ioyî inf e Celeie hoh rop|jhho reõ jwf|f(

Cfmmfhò# ie ye inef`f iodf dje î ypjpj gjppj vhj |ewocv{eohf# hoh we f|j dopewo# o go|yf hoh ce



iohoyiejdo(

O|dje Mnf``jge î do|po î cj Celej ye ypj r|frj|jhò j` vh hvowo io|yo# f poiinf|â jc roroco Celeio lecjhiej|f ec royepewo f ec hfmjpewo è zvfcco inf njhho rf|yo# è zvfcco inf wocfwjho oppfhf|ff è zvfcco inf |fjcdfhpf jw|jhho oppfhvpo(

: ’ Hoh we î jcivh loccfppj fcfpp|eij eh Celej1 c―fcfpp|eiepâ î m|jpvepj rf| pvppe e ieppjèhe(

< ’ Hoh we î jcivh ehpf|fyyf yve r|fypepe# cf ljhinf eh Celej yoho è r|or|efpâ `fcco Ypjpo f e r|fypepe iohifyye j pvppe e yvoe ieppjèhe njhho# j ho|dj è cfmmf# co {f|o rf|ifhpo è ehpf|fyyf(

9 ’ Jwf|f vhj ijyj î iohye`f|jpo vh è|eppo vdjho eh Celej(

0 ’ Pvppe e howfcce yroye eh Celej |eifwoho 72 decj èhj|e .VY $ 62(222% `j rj|pf `fc mowf|ho rf|jizveypj|f e co|o r|edo jrrj|pjdfhpo iohp|elvfhò ioyã jcc―jwweo `fccj gjdemcej(

6 ’ Eyp|v{eohf f iv|f dfèinf yoho m|jpvepf eh Celej( R|edj è Mnf``jge yoco ec <6 rf| ifhpo `feceleie f|jho jcgjlfpe{{jpe( Omme# cj ieg|j î `fcc―>9 rf| ifhpo(

7 ’ Yf vh celeio wocfyyf ehp|jr|fh`f|f vhj ij||ef|j jm|eiocj# |eifwf|fllf pf||fhe jm|eioce# vhj ijyj eh ijdrjmhj# jpp|f{{jpv|f# yfdfhpe f lfypejdf rf| jwwej|f cj r|or|ej jppewepâ# ec pvppo m|jpvepjdfhpf(

= ’ Yf e celeie hoh goyyf|o |evyiepe j p|owj|f ec yeypfdj dfèio o yiocjypeio è ive jwfyyf|o jwvpoleyomho .eh Celej%# ie yj|fllf|o ypjpe `fe gohè mowf|hjpewe rf| jh`j|f jcc―fypf|o f hoh yoco#

jw|fllf|o oppfhvpo dfhyecdfhpf VY $ <(922 / jc dfyf rf| eh`fhhepâ è jccommeo f jvpo(

> ’ Yf vh celeio iodr|j vhj djiinehj# ec mowf|ho yowwfh{eohj ec 62 rf| ifhpo `fc r|f{{o(

5 ’ Ec r|f{{o `fc rfp|oceo eh Celej î è $ 2#:0 rf| cep|o(

:2 ’ Cj Celej hoh nj vh `flepo fypf|o f cf yvf |eyf|wf dohfpj|e yoho rj|e j $ :62 decej|è .o|j iohmfcjpf%(

:: ’ Yf vh celeio hoh î eh m|jò è p|owj|f cjwo|o òro cj cjv|fj co ypjpo rjmj c―fzvewjcfhpf `fcco

yperfhèo dfèo rf| cj r|ogfyyeohf( .ieü wjcf jhinf rf| cf r|ogfyyeohe rf| ive hoh yf|wf vhj

cjv|fj%:< ’ Vhj rj|pf `fmce ehp|oepe `f|ewjhpe `jccj wfhèpj `fc rfp|oceo celeio wefhf jii|fèpjpo

è|fppjdfhpf yve iohpe ljhij|e e pvppe e ieppjèhe celeie(

:9 ’ Vhj dj`|f inf `â jccj cvif vh ljdleho |eifwf 6(222 òccj|e VYJ(

:0 ’ 02 rjmhoppf è rjhf eh Celej ioypjho $ 2#:6(

:6 ’ Ec <6 rf| ifhpo `fe celeie î cjv|fjpo(

:7 ’ Mnf``jge |fyf royyelecf ec reõ m|jh`f r|omfppo dje yrf|edfhpjpo jc dohò è e||emj{eohf# iohoyievpo iodf ec M|fjp Djhdj`f \ewf| r|okfip# jc gehf e |fh`f|f eyrohelecf reõ gjiecdfhpfc―jizvj hfccj |fmeohf fyf|peij(



Rf| iodrcfpj|f c-j|peioco no roypjpo jhinf vh fyrf|efh{j è|fppj è vh Epjcejho inf jlepjwj fcjwo|jwj eh Celej r|edj è fyyf|f djh`jpo j ijyj ioh c-vcpedo jf|fo `fcc-Jcepjcej(F- vh fyrf|efh{j è|fppj inf jevpj j ijre|f jhio|j dfmceo cj yepvj{eohf `fc Rjfyf r|edj `fccj

\ewocv{eohf(

F- vh ioddfhpo è Mveò Ehmfmhf|f `fc M|vrro Fhe eh Celej( p|jppo `j YpjdrjCelf|j

Yoho ypjpo eh Celej# `j cjwo|jpo|f# geho jc <: gfll|jeo yio|yo zvjhò# ioyp|fppo `jmce fwfhpe# noòwvpo jlljhòhj|cj ioh c―vcpedo woco è cehfj Jcepjcej(

No jwvpo doò è iohoyif|f m|jh rj|pf `fc Rjfyf# `j P|eroce j Lfhmjye# j \jy Cjhvg j Dj|yj Fc L|fmj j Mj`jdfy# hoh g|fzvfhpjhò mce jdlefhpe ò|jpe# owjppjpe f èypjiijpe `fe m|jhè jclf|mne#dj wewfhò `j cjwo|jpo|f p|j cjwo|jpo|e f j zvopeèjho iohpjppo ioh jdlefhpe rorocj|e# yfdr|f|eyiohp|jhò io|èjcepâ f yfhpedfhpe è jdeie{ej rf| if|pe wf|ye ehjyrfppjpe f yo|r|fh`fhpe(

Hoh f|j |j|o rf| yp|j`j yfhpe|ye inef`f|f è ropf| gj|f jyyefdf vhj gopom|jgej `j ine ye jiio|mfwjè ypj|f ehi|oiejhò `fmce epjcejhe# rf|jcp|o hvdf|oyeyyede jhinf rf| cf pjhpeyyedf edr|fyf inf weorf|jwjho# `jccf reõ m|jhè .FHE# Gehdfiijheij# Edr|fmeco fii(% jccf reõ reiiocf .ehgeyye# yjhepj|e#

|vlehfppf|ef# j||f`jdfhpe fii(%# eh vh jdlefhpf gjwo|fwoceyyedo# è|fe gjdecej|f‧ @j zvfcco inf no ropvpo iohypjpj|f ec pfho|f è wepj celeio f|j jlljypjh{j yo`èygjifhpf; ec rjhfwfhewj r|jpeijdfhpf |fmjcjpo# :2 vowj ioypjwjho c―fzvewjcfhpf è : fv|o# : am è rfyif yrj`j ie|ij6 fv|o# vh cep|o è lfh{ehj ie|ij :2 ifhpfyede è fv|o1 cj io||fhpf fcfpp|eij f|j è gjppo m|jpvepj1`fiehf f `fiehf è demcejej è jccomme meâ ioyp|vepe f jhio|j eh ioyp|v{eohf rf| mj|jhpe|f vhj ijyj jpvppe .:62$<22 d< j` jccommeo‧(%1 c―jizvj ropjlecf ro|pjpj `jc `fyf|po meâ eh zvjye pvppf cf ieppâ iohvh―orf|j ieicoreij# eh wej è iodrcfpjdfhpo# inejdjpj –m|jh`f gevdf—1 f|j ypjpj jwwejpj cjioyp|v{eohf `fccj gf||owej j` jcpj wfcoiepâ f jrrjcpjpo ec r|edo coppo p|j Lfhmjye f ec iohgehffme{ejho `fccj do`f|heyyedj jvpoyp|j`j ehyf|epj hfcc―jiio|ò ioh c―Epjcej1 pvppe f|jho òpjpe èifccvcj|e# ec ioypo `fccf inejdjpf f|j e||eyo|eo# cj pfcfweyeohf yjpfccepj|f f|j r|fyfhpf yoypjh{ejcdfhpfeh omhe gjdemcej f hfyyvh r|om|jddj f|j yommfppo j oyiv|jdfhpo# ioyã iodf ehpf|hfp jccj ro|pjpjè pvppe# ioh omhe yepo jiifyyelecf# iodr|fyo e yoiejc hfp}o|a .Gjiflooa f P}eppf|%# Yaurf f cjiodvheij{eohf j df{{o f$djec(

@jccj gehf `fcc―fdlj|mo cj yepvj{eohf# jhinf –`fdoi|jpeij—# f|j demceo|jpj pjhpeyyedo f ec p|fh` f|j `fieyjdfhpf royepewo; e celeie f|jho celf|e è jh`j|f jcc―fypf|o f |efhp|j|f j r|or|eo rejiedfhpof vh |f`èpo f|j yoypjh{ejcdfhpf mj|jhpepo j pvppe(Zvjhò yoho yiorrejpe e r|ede èyo|èhe# cj yfhyj{eohf inf pvppe cã jllejdo jwvpo î ypjpj zvfccj infzvjcivho ypjwj godfhpjhò |ewjcepâ dje yorepf p|j cj |fmeohf è Lfhmjye f cj P|erocepjhej# ioyã iodf cf hope{ef inf |ecjhiejwjho cf wj|ef fdeppfhpe yjpfccepj|e jrrj|ewjho rjcfyfdfhpf mohgejpfzvjhò hoh j`è|eppv|j `fypepvepf `j omhe goh`jdfhpo; goyyf iodvhe# lodlj|`jdfhpe è jf|fe yveèdoyp|jhpe fii(

If|pjdfhpf `jc rvhpo è weypj `fdoi|jpeio e dj|mehe è demceo|jdfhpo hoh yj|jhho ypjpep|jyiv|jlece# `fc |fypo iodf eh pjhpe jcp|e rjfye iodf c―J|jlej Yjvèpj# cj Iehj# ec Rjaeypjh# cj Ye|ej# mce Fde|jpe J|jle# ec Yv`jh# co Ufdfh# cj Hemf|ej fii( fii‧ f go|yf jhinf vh ro― `j hoe* Rf|pjhpo r|edj o roe zvjcivho ow|â yrefmj|f rf| inå eh zvfype Rjfye hoh ye ehpf|wefhf‧ Yoho p|eypf f jdj|fmmejpo jc rfhyef|o è iodf yj|ü iohye`f|jpo `jmce jdeie celeie inf no cjyiejpocjmmeõ òro zvfypj yifccf|jpj `fieyeohf è ypvreèyyedo ehpf|wfhpeydo*Mveò Hj|ò

Ehmfmhf|f M|vrro FHE

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F inf è|f è I|j~e# yfdr|f |edjhfhò eh pfdj è Yow|jhepâ Hj{eohjcf# rf| zvjhpo cedepjpj(

http://www.pennyguide.org/2011/10/finita-la-guerra-in-libia-il-male-ha.html





Lfppeho I|j~e# c―fv|o f cj ywfhèpj `fcc―Epjcej

F|j ec :55=# `j `vf jhhe Lfppeho I|j~e f|j iohye`f|jpo# rf| co ypjpo epjcejho# vh cjpepjhpf( @j Njddjdfp# Mneho è Pjiio ’ ryfvòhedo ioh ec zvjcf I|j~e ge|djwj e yvoe j|peioce yv c―Jwjhpe ’ cjhiejwj cf yvf ehwfppewf iohp|o cj rocepeij epjcejhj f ehwejwj cf yvf jhjceye |fcjpewf jccj yepvj{eohfehpf|hj{eohjcf( Ocp|f jccj geppj jppewepâ meo|hjceypeij# I|j~e# `jc yvo fyeceo pvheyeho# |ecjyieü jhinf

èwf|yf ehpf|weypf1 womcejdo yfmhjcj|hf vhj eh rj|peiocj|f( Iodf èifwjdo f|j ec :55= f è cã jiehzvf jhhe yj|fllf fhp|jpo eh wemo|f c―fv|o# vh―orf|j{eohf e ive –wjhpjmme—# omme# yoho yoppo mceoiine è pvppe( Cf r|fweyeohe è Lfppeho I|j~e# r|or|eo eh df|epo jcc―fv|o f jccf iohyfmvfh{f`fwjypjhpe inf jw|fllf ro|pjpo# ye yoho èdoyp|jpf è vhj wf|eèiepâ yp|jo|èhj|ej(–Ye r|fyfhpj c―Fv|orj iodf vhj yo|pj è rj|jèyo pf||fyp|f $ èinej|j I|j~e $ dj rf| hoe c―Fv|orjhfccj demceo|f `fccf eropfye yj|â vh cedlo f hfccj rfmmeo|f eropfye yj|â vh ehgf|ho( Zvehè leyomhj|egcfppf|f yv ieü inf ye ypj gjifhò( Rf|inå cj ioyj reõ |jmeohfwocf è pvppf î zvfccj è |einef`f|f f è

r|fpfh`f|f# fyyfhò hoe vh m|jh`f rjfyf# cj |ehfmo{ej{eohf `fe rj|jdfp|e è Djjyp|einp( Rf|inå yfc―Epjcej nj leyomho `fcc―Fv|orj# c―Fv|orj nj leyomho `fcc―Epjcej# hoh èdfhpeinejdoco—(

Jppfh{eohf# Lfppeho I|j~e hoh gv dje vh orroyepo|f `fcc―e`fj è vh―Fv|orj vhepj1 eh df|epo jccjocepeij fv|orfj# fmce r|fwf`fwj vhj m|jh`f Fv|orj# `jcc―jdreo |fyre|o dfèpf||jhfo f# r|or|eo

rf| zvfypo# ioh vh oiineo jppfhpo je rjfye j|jle( Vh df|ijpo iodvhf f|j ec gehf vcpedo# dj vhdf|ijpo i|fjpo j` noi# vh―fiohodej inf io||eyroh`fyyf jccf |fjce go|{f `fmce ypjpe dfdl|e( Ieü infc―f~ r|fdef| yoiejceypj iohpfypjwj f|j cj popjcf jyyfh{j è r|fweyeohe# è jhjceye# yv ieü inf yj|fllfjiij`vpo zvjhò c―fv|o# zvfcco inf omme ye r|fyfhpj iodf vh ijhi|o rf| cf fiohodef `fmce ypjpedfdl|e `fcc―vheohf# jw|fllf iodehiejpo j` edro||f cj yvj hjpv|j vyv|jej# eh jyyfh{j è vhj |fjcf|fmocjdfhpj{eohf( Cf jhjceye è Mneho è Pjiio# ie|ij e r|oifyye yoieo$fiohodeie inf jw|fllf|o

yiohwocpo ec wfiineo iohpehfhpf# ye gjhho reõ yrfiegeinf eh vh j|peioco `fc dj|{o ―5= `jc pepoco–Fv|orj# Fv|orj—(Yi|ewf I|j~e; —Ieü inf ye r|ogecj î o|dje vh―Fv|orj eh r|f`j jccj èyoiivrj{eohf f jccjiohgceppvjcepâ yoiejcf# dfhp|f cf |eyf|wf# cf r|foiivrj{eohe# cf r|fyf `―jppo |fjceypeinf ye ypjhhocfwjhò eh èwf|ye rjfye inf ye jrr|fypjho j r|fh`f|f cf èypjh{f `j vh r|omfppo iohmfhejpo ehdoò hoh reõ io||eyroh`fhpf jccj iohi|fpj |fjcpâ `fccf fiohodef f jmce yzvecel|e yoiejce inf hohoyyoho fyyf|f gjiecdfhpf ijcrfypjpe( Ec mowf|ho epjcejho# weypo c―jh`j{{o `fccf ioyf# jw|fllf òwvpo

.‧% ro||f ioh go|{j hfc iohif|po fv|orfo ec r|olcfdj `fccj |ehfmo{ej{eohf è vh p|jppjpo inf hfeyvoe pf|dehe î èwfhvpo olyocfpo f gehjhio rf|eiocoyo .‧%( Hoh co nj gjppo ec mowf|ho epjcejho( Coj|jhho jcp|e f co `fpf|dehf|jhho yor|jppvppo mce yiohp|e yoiejce inf ye jhhvhiejho f inf yj|jhho

`v|e iodf cf refp|f—(

@fc |fypo# hfc :5>6# gv r|or|eo Lfppeho I|j~e j r|fyef`f|f ec Iohyemceo fv|orfo `j ive# `vf jhhe reõpj|è# hjyif|â c―Jppo vheio jpp|jwf|yo ec zvjcf ye `fcelf|jwj cj ij`vpj `fccf lj||ef|f òmjhjce jc gehfè i|fj|f vh jvpfhpeio df|ijpo fv|orfo; `j Iodvhepâ ’ yvrf|jpj c―orroye{eohf è Dj|mj|fp

Pjpinf| ’ c―Fv|orj èwfhpjwj Vheohf( Dj vh vodo go|pf inf `fppjwj cfmmf eh Fv|orj#fwe`fhpfdfhpf# `jwj gjypeèo j docpe# yor|jppvppo j Coh`|j( Hoh f|j iodvhzvf cj r|edj wocpj inf I|j~e gjifwj p|fdj|f cf ljhinf cohèhfye f hoh# ljype|eio|`j|f c―e`fj `fcc―ehp|o`v{eohf `fccj –ce|j go|pf—( Dfdo|f è zvjhpo gjppo eh G|jhiej `j @fMjvccf hfc ―65# jhinf I|j~e r|fwf`fwj# rf| c―Epjcej# vhj dohfpj hj{eohjcf inf ropfyyf edro|ye yvedf|ijpe dohèjce( Vh r|omfppo# zvfypo# inf mvj|`j ijyo gv oypfmmejpo `j pjhpe# iodr|fyo c― jppvjcf

R|fye`fhpf Dj|eo Dohpe inf `jccf rjmehf `fc Io||ef|f jddohewj `v|jdfhpf c―orf|j{eohf i|j~ejhj( Dj reõ è pvppe# j yjlopj|f cj hvowj fdeyyeohf dohfpj|ej gv Ij|co J{fmceo Iejdre# jcco|j mowf|hjpo|f `fccj Ljhij `―Epjcej inf# hohoypjhpf c―ehyeypfh{j f ec poho edrf|jpewo ioh ec zvjcf I|j~einef`fwj wfheyyf|o fyfmvepf cf yvf è|fppewf# gfif è pvppo rf| gj| hjvg|jmj|f ec r|omfppo(

Cj i|eye è Yemohfccj# cj yoce`j|efpâ jc roroco rjcfypehfyf# vh ijdlejdfhpo `fcc―jyyfppo mforocepeio

dfèpf||jhfo# vhj ce|j g o|pf# cj wocohpâ `―edro||f |fmocf inej|f hfccj mfypeohf `fccj Iodvhepâfv|orfj1 pvppo zvfypo f|j p|orro rf| cf collefy ehpf|hj{eohjce; I|j~e òwfwj fyyf|f gjppo gvo|e(Ioyã iodf yfdr|f î jwwfhvpo eh Epjcej# `jc \eyo|medfhpo j omme# `j Coh`|j ye `fieyf inf c―Epjcej



òwfwj fyyf|f dfyyj eh m|jò è hoh hvoif|f( Ec := gfll|jeo `fc :55< ehe{ej c―orf|j{eohf –djhevcepf—# ioh c―j||fypo è iocve inf I|j~e `fgehã vh –dj|evoco— eh yfho jc rj|pepo( Zvfcco inf yfmvf î

ypo|ej hopj# jcdfho rf| ine hoh nj rj|joiine rocepeie f` e`focome( Eh zvfc :55< cj icjyyf è|emfhpfepjcejhj wfhhf yiohwocpj `jccf ehinefypf `fccj djmeyp|jpv|j# dfhp|f cj rorocj{eohf ’ eh vh icedj èpf||o|f ryeiocomeio ’ wfhhf ijpjrvcpjpj hfcc―ehivlo `fccf yp|jme è djgej# cj r|edj# zvfccj è

djmmeo inf viieyf Gjciohf j Ijrjie( C―oreheohf rvllceij f|j èyo|efhpjpj zvjhò hoh j`è|eppv|jcjmejpj( Eh zvfypo ypjpo è ioyf# hfc mevmho `fc –5<# |eyiohp|jpj cj popjcf jyyfh{j `fcco ypjpo# e

ropfhpjpe ehmcfye f ypjpvhepfhye# yvc rjhgeco L|epjhhej# iojèvwjpe `je –ijdf|ef|e— epjcejhe#ejhegeij|oho ec yfiohò iocro jcc―Epjcej# zvfcco deieèjcf; cj r|ewjpe{{j{eohf `fccf j{efh`f

yp|jpfmeinf è ypjpo( Ehpjhpo Yo|oy ' I( o|mjhe{{j|oho c―jppjiio jccj ce|j# r|owoijhò ec gjdoyo r|fcefwo go|{oyo# `fc 7 rf| deccf# `je iohpe io||fhpe `fmce epjcejhe( F― zvfypo ec io|yo inf nj ro|pjpoc―Epjcej jcc―ehpf|ho `fc ie|ivepo fv|o(Omme hoh i―î reõ cj djgej j pf||o|e{{j|f ec rjfyf# cj weocfh{j ryeiocomeij r|oif`f ioh co yrfpp|o`fccj èyoiivrj{eohf( J èyp|j||f mce epjcejhe `jccf orf|j{eohe è yrfivcj{eohf gehjh{ej|ej#|op|jppjye `jcc―fhp|jpj eh wemo|f `fcc―fv|o j omme# hoh i―î reõ pjhmfhporoce# dj ehinefypf

mevè{ej|ef yvc djcioypvdf `fe rocepeijhpe epjceope( C―orf|j{eohf –l|epjhhej `vf— î meâ ehe{ejpj f

jcc―o|e{{ohpf ye wfòho yoco hvwocf ivrf# ehp|eyf è iohgceppe yoiejce f deyf|ej( C―vheij hopj royepewj#hfcc―jpdoygf|j `j jroijceyyf inf |fmhj yvcc―Fv|orj# î |jrr|fyfhpjpj `jc gjppo inf cf rj|ocf

r|ogfpeinf è Lfppeho I|j~e hoh yoho reõ yfdrceie `fhvhif è vh eyocjpo fyvcf rocepeio# dj yoho ecm|eò è |jllej è pvppe zvfmce vodehe celf|e inf hoh njhho ehpfh{eohf è ypj|f eh yecfh{eo# dfhp|f cjjp|ej wefhf gjmoiepjpj `jcc―vyv|j ehpf|hj{eohjcf(

\odjho Mvjppj Ijcèhe

nppr;//}}}(uovpvlf(iod/}jpin?w4c]$NA^jFgc>'gfjpv|f4|fcjpf`

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Dj womceo jhinf yrehmf|de ocp|f f |ero|pj|f vh jcp|o èyio|yo è vh Cfj`f| inf |eyinej è fyyf|fyrj{{jpo wej eh dfh inf hoh ye èij# Jndj`khfkj`# ec R|fyfhpf fcc―E|jh do`f|ho(

wfhf|`ã <: oppol|f <2:: @oro cj do|pf è Mnf``jge o|j poiij j` Jndjèhfkj` Ec yvo èyio|yo jccf Hj{eohe Vhepf è Yfppfdl|f

Do|po Mnf``jge hfc rejho èinej|jpo òro c- :: yfppfdl|f o|j poiij jcc-E|jh è Jnjdjèhfkj`#iohoyiejdoco dfmceo r|edj inf gjiiej cj ypfyyj gehf( Zvfypo î ec yvo vcpedo èyio|yo jccf hj{eohevhepf# owwejdfhpf hfjhinf vhj reiiocj rj|pf î ypjpj p|jòppj `je dfèj inf njhho yoco `fppo inf

c-Jdf|eij f e yvoe jccfjpe iodr|fyj c- Epjcej yoho vyiepe `jcc-jvcj rf| r|opfypj r|edj inf ehe{ejyyf j rj|cj|f( Dj rf|inî? Hoh nj `fppo hefhpf è ioye @fdohejio# hoh nj vyjpo hfyyvh cehmvjmmeoPf||o|eypeio# jh{e(((( Inf hoh yej ioyã ijppewo iodf èioho ?

E|jh# yfppfdl|f <2:: ,Ec `fcfmjpo `fmce Ypjpe Vhepe jcc-Jyyfdlcfj mfhf|jcf `fcc-Ohv nj cjyiejpoc-jvcj# ioyã iodf zvfcco `fccj G|jhiej f è hvdf|oye jcp|e Rjfye fv|orfe# òro inf jwfwj jrrfhjehe{ejpo j rj|cj|f ec r|fye`fhpf e|jhejho Djndov` Jndjèhfkj`, |egf|eyif ec Io||ef|f `fccj Yf|j`fc << yfppfdl|f yio|yo

P|j`v{eohf ehpfm|jcf `fc èyio|yo `fc r|fye`fhpf e|jhejho Jndjèhfkj` jcc―OHV ec <<(5(<2::

nppr;//}}}(rfhhumve`f(o|m/<2::/:2/òrocjdo|pf emnf``jgeo|jpoiijj`(npdc

Fiio zvjcf î hfccj |fjcpâ ec èyio|yo `fgehepo `je dfèj vhj –èjp|elj iohp|o mce oiie`fhpjce— f inf

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW-HKXaEfl8&feature=related





nj r|owoijpo cj ioccf|j `fe èrcodjpeie oiie`fhpjce inf njhho jlljhòhjpo cj yjcj rf| r|opfypj @eyio|yo `fc R|fye`fhpf `fccj \frvllceij eycjdeij `fcc―E|jh# Djndov` Jndjèhfkj` eh

oiijyeohf `fccj 77² yfyyeohf `fcc―Jyyfdlcfj mfhf|jcf `fccf Hj{eohe Vhepf j Hf} Uo|a ec <<(5(<22:

Eh hodf è @eo# ec Iodrjyyeohfwocf# ec Deyf|eio|èoyo#–Co`jpo yej Jccjn# ec Yemho|f `fcc―Vhewf|yo# rjif f lfhfè{eohf rf| ec hoyp|o Djfyp|o f R|ogfpj#

Djodfppo# cj yvj rv|j gemv|j# e yvoe holece Iodrjmhe f pvppe e èwehe dfyyjmmf|e—( –O @eo# jgg|fppj c―j||ewo `fcc―edjd Jc $Djnè f iohifèmce lvohj yjcvpf f cj weppo|ej f |fhè hoe yvoeèyifroce f pfypedohe `fccj yvj mevype{ej—

Yemho| R|fye`fhpf#Fiifccfh{f#Yemho|f f Yemho|e#

Eo yoho |eiohoyifhpf wf|yo c―ohheropfhpf Jccjn inf de nj iohifyyo# vhj wocpj è reõ# c―orro|pvhepâè iodrj|e|f `jwjhpe j zvfypj jyyfdlcfj dohèjcf( Fyr|edo ioh rejif|f e defe yehif|e

|ehm|j{ejdfhpe j N(F( Koyfrn @feyy# r|fye`fhpf `fccj 76² yfyyeohf rf| c―fho|df edrfmho yrfyo hfc io|yo è fyyj( Wo||fe jhinf gfceiepj|de ioh N(F( Hjyye| Jl`vcj{e{ Jc$Hjyyf| rf| cj yvj fcf{eohf j|fye`fhpf è zvfypj 77² yfyyeohf `fcc―jyyfdlcfj mfhf|jcf f mce jvmv|o ec yviifyyo(

Rf|dfppfpfde è jrr|ogeppj|f è zvfypo dodfhpo rf| |fh`f|f odjmmeo j pvppe ioco|o inf yoho do|peeh zvfypo jhho# yor|jppvppo jccf weppedf `fccj p|jmeij ij|fypej eh Yodjcej f `fccj `fwjypjhpffre`fdej eh Rjineypjh f j zvfccf `fc pf||fdopo f `fccf fyrcoyeohe inf yoho yfmvepf hfccf ifhp|jcehvicfj|e eh Mejrrohf(

Fyo|po pvppe j ehpfhyegeij|f c―jyyeypfh{j f c―jevpo jccf rorocj{eohe iocrepf eh zvfype rjfye(Mce jhhe yio|ye no rj|cjpo `fe èwf|ye r|olcfde dohèjce f `fc leyomho è ehp|o`v||f ijdlejdfhpe|ogohè hfcc―jppvjcf o|èhf ehpf|hj{eohjcf(

Omme# pfhfhò iohpo `fccf fwocv{eohe ehpf|hj{eohjce# pfhpf|ü è jhjce{{j|f cj yepvj{eohf jppvjcf `jvh èwf|yo rvhpo è weypj(

Iodf pvppe yjrfpf# ec òdeheo f cj yvrf|eo|epâ `fmce fyyf|e vdjhe yvccf jcp|f i|fjpv|f yoho hfccjhjpv|j ypfyyj f hfccj |fjcpâ vdjhj( Ye p|jppj è vh òho èweho f `fccj djhegfypj{eohf `fcco yre|epoèweho inf iodr|fh`f; cj gf`f eh @eo# inf c―fpf|ho i|fjpo|f f c―j|inepfppo `fcc―vhewf|yo1 doyp|j|fiodrjyyeohf wf|yo mce jcp|e# cj mfhf|oyepâ# cj |eif|ij `fccj mevype{ej1 fwe`fh{ej|f c―ehpfm|epâ hfccfj|ocf f hfmce jppe1 c―jyre|j{eohf jccj èmhepâ rf| |jmmevhmf|f cj rf|gf{eohf# c―jyre|j{eohf j`

fcfwj|f cj djpf|ej f cj yre|epvjcepâ è iejyivho# f ec `fye`f|eo è fyyf|f celf|e1 yge`j|f c―orr|fyyeohf#cj io||v{eohf# f cj èyi|edehj{eohf yoypfhfhò mce orr|fyye1 if|ij|f cj gfceiepâ# f cj r|oyrf|epâ`v|fwocf f cj yeiv|f{{j rf| pvppe(

Fiio zvjcivhj `fccf djhegfypj{eohe `fe ij|jppf|e inf yoho iodvhe jcc―vdjho f jc èweho# inf royyoho fyyf|f oyyf|wjpf ioh inej|f{{j hfccf jyre|j{eohe ypo|einf `fmce fyyf|e vdjhe# iodf ce ye royyoho |ehp|jiiej|f hfccf hoyp|f |eif|inf hfcc―j|pf f hfe cjwo|e cfppf|j|e# r|oyj f rofyej# f hfedowedfhpe yoieo$ivcpv|jce f rocepeie `fmce fyyf|e vdjhe hfc io|yo `fccj ypo|ej(Pvppe e r|ogfpe èwehe f e |ego|djpo|e yoiejce njhho yfdr|f ehwepjpo mce fyyf|e vdjhe j` edloiij|fzvfypj yp|j`j(

@eo nj òhjpo jcc―vdjhepâ cj èmhepâ# rf|inå fyyj ye fcfwe f jyyvdj ec yvo |voco è yviifyyo|f yvccjpf||j(



Ij|e ioccfmne f` jdeie#î docpo inej|o inf# hohoypjhpf cf |fjce{{j{eohe ypo|einf# rf| fyfdreo cj i|fj{eohf `fccf Hj{eoheVhepf# inf yoho ypjpf ec r|oòppo è coppf ehypjhijlece f `fmce ygo|{e è yre|epe celf|e f è ehèwe`ve infjyre|jwjho jccj mevype{ej f jccj ioorf|j{eohf ehpf|hj{eohjcf# cf yoiefpâ vdjhf yoho jhio|j docpocohpjhf `jcc―jwf| yo`èygjppo e co|o holece `fye`f|e f jyre|j{eohe(

Cj djmmeo| rj|pf `fccf hj{eohe `fc dohò hoh yoho yo`èygjppf `fccj yepvj{eohf ehpf|hj{eohjcfjppvjcf(

F hohoypjhpf ec `fye`f|eo mfhf|jcf f c―jyre|j{eohf j r|odvowf|f cj rjif# ec r|om|fyyo f cj|jpf|hepâ# mvf||f# viieyeohe è djyyj# rowf|pâ èggvyj# i|eye yoieo$fiohodeinf f rocepeinf

iohpehvjho j dfppf|f eh rf|eioco e è|eppe f cj yow|jhepâ `fccf hj{eohe# r|owoijhò e||frj|jlece `jhhejc dohò(

Ie|ij p|f decej|è è rf|yohf wewoho ioh dfho è <#6 òccj|e jc meo|ho# f reõ è vh decej|ò wewfyfh{j hfddfho vh yoco rjypo yvggeiefhpf jc meo|ho(

Ec 02& `fccf rorocj{eohe reõ rowf|f `fc dohò ye èweòho yoco ec 6& `fccj |eiinf{{j mcoljcf#dfhp|f ec <2& `fe reõ |eiine `fpfhmoho ec =6& `fccj |eiinf{{j dohèjcf(

Reõ è <2(222 ljdlehe rowf|e f ehhoifhpe dvoeoho omhe meo|ho j ijvyj `fccj rowf|pâ( Hfmce Ypjpe Vhepe c―>2& `fccf |eyo|yf gehjh{ej|ef yoho iohp|occjpf `jc :2& `fccj rorocj{eohf# dfhp|fec |edjhfhpf <2& jrrj|pefhf jc 52& `fccj rorocj{eohf(

Zvjce ijvyf f zvjce |jmeohe yoho jcc―o|emehf è zvfypf èyfmvjmcejh{f? Iodf ro||f |edfèo j yedeceehmevype{ef?

E pfo|eie `fccj mowf|hjhif mcoljcf pfhmoho èypehpj cj wepj yoiejcf `jcc―fpeij f `jccj yre|epvjcepâ#èinej|jhò inf cj yepvj{eohf î ec |eyvcpjpo `fcc―jwf| yfmvepo mce ehyfmhjdfhpe `fe r|ogfpe èwehe o`fccj wvchf|jlecepâ `fccf hj{eohe o `fe gjccedfhpe è reiioce m|vrre o è ehèwe`ve( Fyye r|oicjdjhoinf yoco cf co|o oreheohe f rvhpe è weypj royyoho yjcwj|f cj yoiefpâ vdjhj(

Ij|e ioccfmne f jdeie#hoh rfhyjpf inf cj ijvyj goh`jdfhpjcf `fe r|olcfde òw|fllf fyyf|f iohye`f|jpj# hfcc―o|èhfehpf|hj{eohjcf eh wemo|f# ec doò eh ive ec dohò î mowf|hjpo?

Wo||fe |einejdj|f cj woyp|j mfhpecf jppfh{eohf yvccf yfmvfhpe zvfypeohe;

$–Ine nj yopp|jppo ioh cj go|{j deceohe è rf|yohf jccf co|o ijyf eh Jg|eij f eh jcp|f |fmeohe `fcdohò `v|jhpf ec p|eypf rf|eoò `fccj yinejwepõ# gjifhò è fyye cf weppedf `fccj co|o jweèpâdjpf|ejcf?

$ Ine nj edroypo ec iocohejceydo rf| 0 yfioce eh zvfypo dohò? Ine nj oiivrjpo pf||f fdjyyeiiejdfhpf yromcejpo cf |eyo|yf è jcp|f hj{eohe# èyp|vmmfhò e pjcfhpe# cf cehmvf p|jè{eohjce# cfivcpv|f f cf e`fhpepâ è zvfypf hj{eohe?

$ Ine nj gjppo yiorrej|f cj r|edj f cj yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf# inf njhho viieyo =2 deceohe è rf|yohf f è gf|epe o mfppjpo yvccj yp|j`j jcp|f ifhpehjej è deceohe? Ine nj jwwejpo cf mvf||f èIo|fj f Wefphjd?

$ Ine nj edroypo# ioh c―ehmjhho f c―eroi|eyej# ec Yeoheydo f zvjye 72 jhhe è mvf||j( Fyicvyeohf#pf||o|f# f viieyeohe è djyyj jc roroco rjcfypehfyf f `fmce jcp|e rjfye `fccj |fmeohf(



$ Ine nj edroypo f yoypfhvpo rf| `fifhhe èppjpv|f decepj|e f |fmede popjcepj|e eh Jyej# Jg|eij f`

Jdf|eij Cjpehj?

$ Cf fiohodef è zvjce rjfye rommejho yvccj mvf||j f cj wfhèpj è j|de?

$ Ine nj r|owoijpo f ehio|jmmejpo Yj``jd Nvyyfeh j ehwj`f|f f edro||f vhj mvf||j è > jhhejcc―E|jh# f ine c―nj jyyeypepo f |ego|hepo zvjhò nj vpece{{jpo j|de inedeinf iohp|o cf hoyp|f ieppâ f ec hoyp|o roroco?

$ Ine nj vpece{{jpo ec deypf|eoyo ehie`fhpf `fcc―:: yfppfdl|f iodf vh r|fpfypo rf| jppjiij|fc―Jgmnjheypjh f c―E|jz# viie`fhò# gf|fhò f r|owoijhò c―fyoò go|{jpo è deceohe è rf|yohf ehzvfype rjfye# jwfhò iodf olefppewo gehjcf cj òdehj{eohf yvc Dfèo o|efhpf f cf yvf |eyo|yf

rfp|ocegf|f?

$ Ine nj roypo gehf jc yeypfdj è L|fppoh ]oo`y ypjdrjhò decej|è è òccj|e yfh{j jwf|f |eyf|wf odfhpf fzvewjcfhpe? Vh ijdlejdfhpo inf nj yijpfhjpo eh pvppo ec dohò c―ehgcj{eohf f inf jwfwj

iodf olefppewo è r|f`j|f e yviifyye fiohodeie `fccf jcp|f hj{eohe?

$ @e zvjcf rjfyf cj yrfyj decepj|f yvrf|j jhhvjcdfhpf e deccf decej|è è òccj|e# yvrf|jhò cjyoddj `fe lv`mfp decepj|e è pvppe mce jcp|e rjfye `fc dohò? Zvjce mowf|he yoho e reõ eh`flepjpe `fcdohò?

$ Ine òdehj hfcc―fcjlo|j{eohf `fccf rocepeinf fiohodeinf `fccf eypepv{eohe yow|jhj{eohjce? $ Ine î |fyrohyjlecf `fccj |fifyyeohf fiohodeij dohèjcf# î ypj yij|eijhòhf cf iohyfmvfh{f

yvcc―Jdf|eij# c―Fv|orj f ec |fypo `fc dohò?

$ Zvjce mowf|he yoho yfdr|f r|ohpe j cjhiej|f demcejej è lodlf yv jcp|e rjfye# dj pfhpfhhjhozvjhò ye p|jppj è ro|pj|f jevpo jccf rf|yohf iocrepf `jccj rowf|pâ eh Yodjcej o eh jcp|e rjfye?$ Zvjce yoho zvfcce inf òdehjho ec iohyemceo è yeiv|f{{j `fcc―OHV# inf î rjcfyfdfhpf|fyrohyjlecf `fccj yjcwjmvj|èj `fccj yeiv|f{{j hfc dohò?

We yoho docpf jcp|f òdjh`f yedece( Fwe`fhpfdfhpf cf |eyroypf yoho inej|f(

Cj djmmeo|jh{j `fccf hj{eohe f `fe mowf|he `fc dohò hoh njhho jwvpo jcivh |voco hfccj i|fj{eohf`fccf i|eye mcoljce jppvjce# f `vhzvf# yoho ypjpe fyye ypfyye weppedf è pjce rocepeinf(

F― inej|o iodf cj cvif `fc meo|ho inf yoho yfdr|f mce ypfyye; mce yinejweype# e ropf|e iocohejce# zvfcceinf njhho vh pfdro yijpfhjpo cf `vf mvf||f dohèjce# f omme njhho r|owoijpo cj deyf|ej

mfhf|jce{{jpj f ec èyo|èhf ioh iohyfmvfh{f j cvhmo pf|dehf rf| ioco|o inf wf||jhho òro è hoe(

Ij|e ioccfmne f` jdeie#Go|yf inf zvfype ropf|e j||omjhpe njhho |fjcdfhpf cj iodrfpfh{j f cj ijrjiepâ è è|emf|f o

mowf|hj|f ec dohò? F― jiifppjlecf inf fyye ye jvpor|oicjdeho vheie ègfhyo|e `fccj celf|pâ# `fccj`fdoi|j{ej f `fe è|eppe `fcc―vodo# zvjhò jppjiijho decepj|dfhpf f oiivrjho jcp |e rjfye?

Ec geo|f `fccj `fdoi|j{ej rvü dje yo|mf|f yve deyyece `fccj HJPO f yvccf yvf j|de?

Yemho|f f Yemho|e#Yf pjcvhe rjfye fv|orfe vpece{{jho jhio|j c―Ocoijvypo# òro yfe `fifhhe# iodf yivyj rf| rjmj|hf ec

r|f{{o je yeoheype# hoh òw|fllf ioypepve|f vh ollcemo jhinf rf| mce yinejweype o e ropf|e iocohejce rf| |eyj|ie|f cf hj{eohe inf hf yoho ypjpf iocrepf?



Yf e `jhhe f cf rf|èpf `fc rf|eoò `fccj yinejwepõ f `fc iocohejceydo goyyf|o |eyj|iepe# inf ioyjyviif`f|fllf je djherocjpo|e f` je ropf|e rocepeie oiivcpe hfmce Ypjpe Vhepe f eh Fv|orj?Rf|dj||fllf co yp|jrro p|j ec Ho|` f ec Yv`?

Yf yoco cj dfpâ `fccf yrfyf decepj|e `fmce Ypjpe Vhepe f `fe yvoe jccfjpe `fccj HJPO goyyf|o vpece{{jpe

rf| if|ij|f è |eyocwf|f e r|olcfde fiohodeie hfe co|o ypfyye rjfye# yj|fllf|o fyye jhio|j yvc rvhpoè fyyf|f iocrepe `j vhj i|eye fiohodeij?

Inf ioyj yviif`f|fllf yf cj ypfyyj yoddj goyyf oggf|pj jccf hj{eohe rowf|f?

Iodf ye mevypegeij cj r|fyfh{j è ifhpehjej è decepj|e VYJ f è ljye è ehpfccemfhif eh pvppo ec dohò#iodr|fyf cf <7> ljye eh Mf|djhej# cf :<0 eh Mejrrohf# cf >= eh Io|fj `fc Yv`# cf 06 hfc \fmhoVhepo f cf <: `fc Ro|pomjcco? Ye p|jppj è zvjcioyj è èwf|yo `j vh―oiivrj{eohf decepj|f?

Cf lodlf ivypoèpf eh pjce ljye hoh dfppoho eh rf|eioco cj yeiv|f{{j è zvfypf hj{eohe?

Yemho|f f Yemho|e# Cj zvfypeohf goh`jdfhpjcf î cj |eif|ij `fccj ijvyj r|edj è vh yedecf jppfmmejdfhpo( Fyyj `fwffyyf|f if|ijpj hfccf i|f`fh{f f pfh`fh{f `fcc―fypjlceyndfhp(

Vh―jyyfdlcfj è rf|yohf inf ye rohf eh iohp|j`è{eohf ioh mce eypehpe hjpv|jce `fcc―vodo f cf co|opfh`fh{f# inf ehocp|f hoh njhho jcivhj gf`f eh @eo f hfe r|fifppe `fe èwehe r|ogfpe mevypegeijho cjco|o yfpf è ropf|f f e co|o yiore djpf|ejceype ioh `fe wjco|e èwehe(

Rf| fyye # iohpjho yoco ec ropf|f f cj |eiinf{{j f pvppo `fwf ioh`v||f j pjcf yeheyp|o olefppewo( Cf hj{eohe orr|fyyf hoh njhho jcivhj yrf|jh{j è |fypjv|j|f o r|opfmmf|f e co|o cfmeppede è|eppeiohp|o pjce ropf|e(

Zvfype ropf|e jyre|jho jc co|o r|or|eo r|om|fyyo# jccj co|o r|or|ej r|oyrf|epâ f èmhepâ# edrohfhòjmce jcp|e cj rowf|pâ# c―vdecej{eohf f c―jhheinecedfhpo(

Fyye |epfhmoho è fyyf|f yvrf|eo|e jmce jcp|e# mo`fhò è yrfiejce r|ewecfme f iohifyyeohe( Hoh njhhojcivh |eyrfppo rf| mce jcp|e f yoho j r|or|eo jmeo hfc weocj|f e è|eppe `fccf hj{eohe f `fe mowf|he(

Ye jvpor|oicjdjho zvjce mce ehèyivpelece mvj|èjhe è pvppe e mowf|he f cf hj{eohe jpp|jwf|yoc―ehpede`j{eohf# |eio||oho jccj dehjiiej f jccj go|{j# jlvyjho `fe dfiijheyde ehpf|hj{eohjce(Yfdrceifdfhpf weocjho pvppf cf |fmocf ehpf|hj{eohjce |eiohoyievpf(

Ehyeypoho hfcc―edro||f ec co|o ypecf è wepj f cf co|o i|f`fh{f jmce jcp|e( Yoypfhmoho vggeiejcdfhpf ec |j{{eydo(

Eh`floceyioho e rjfye m|j{ef jmce ehpf|wfhpe decepj|e f èyp|vmmoho cf co|o ehg|jyp|vppv|f# iohc―olefppewo è yjiinfmmej|hf cf |eyo|yf# è |fh`f|ce jhio|j reõ èrfh`fhpe(Yfdehjho c―oèo f c―oypecepâ p|j cf hj{eohe f e roroce eh èwf|ye doè# jc gehf è edrfè|f co|o è|jmmevhmf|f e r|or|e olefppewe è ywecvrro f è r|om|fyyo(

Pvppf cf ivcpv|f# cf e`fhpepâ# cf wepf# e wjco|e f cj |eiinf{{j `fccf hj{eohe# òhhf# meowjhe# gjdemcef#iodf |eiinf{{f `fccf hj{eohe# yoho yji|egeijpe je co|o r|omfppe edrf|ejceype f ec co|o jrr|f{{jdfhpo

rf| co yinejweydo(

C―eroi|eyej f c―ehmjhho yoho jvpo|e{{jpe eh weypj `fe co|o olefppewe edrf|ejceype( Jhinf ec p|jggeio è



`|omj f c―viieyeohf è fyyf|e vdjhe ehhoifhpe yoho jvpo|e{{jpe rf| |fjce{{j|f yedece olefppeweèjloceie( Hohoypjhpf cj r|fyfh{j `fccj HJPO hfcc―Jgmnjheypjh oiivrjpo# cjmmeõ ye î |fmeyp|jpo vhehi|fdfhpo `|jddjpeio hfccj r|o`v{eohf è `|omnf eccfmjce(

Fyye hoh poccf|jho jcivhj dfyyj eh èyivyyeohf o i|epeij# f ehwfif è p|owj|f mevypegeij{eohe rf| cf

co|o weocj{eohe# fyye wfypoho yfdr|f c―jlepo `fmce ehzveyepo|e( Rf| df{{o `fccj co|o |fpf è dfèj edrf|ejceype# ehgcvfh{jpe `jc iocohejceydo# fyye |ewocmoho dehjiifè yjh{eohe f j{eohe decepj|e iohp|o inevhzvf ye ehpf||omne yvcc―ocoijvypo f c―:: yfppfdl|f(

C―jhho yio|yo# zvjhò ye î yfhpepj cj hfifyyepâ è dfppf|f eh refè vh m|vrro è cjwo|o rf| ioh`v||fvhj ehinefypj jrr|ogohèpj yvmce jyrfppe hjyioype `fcc―:: yfppfdl|f# vhj hfifyyepâ jwwf|pepj jhinf`j pvppe mce jcp|e mowf|he f hj{eohe ehèrfh`fhpe# ocp|f inf `jccj djmmeo|jh{j `fc roroco `fmce YpjpeVhepe# ec deo rjfyf f eo ypfyyo yejdo ypjpe ommfppo è r|fyyeohe f dehjiif `j rj|pf `fc mowf|ho `fmceYpjpe Vhepe(

Ehwfif è dfppf|f ehyefdf co|o vh m|vrro è |eif|ij# fyye njhho viieyo ec r|ehierjcf |fyrohyjlecf fmfppjpo ec yvo io|ro eh dj|f(

Hoh yj|fllf ypjpo ehwfif |jmeohfwocf ro|pj|co èhjh{e jccj Mevype{ej jc gehf è gj|f cvif yvmcejyrfppe djhpfhvpe yfm|fpe yvcc―jf|fo è|oppjpo rf| jppjiij|f cf p}ehy po}f|y?

Rf|inå hoh co ye î p|jòppo `jwjhpe jccj Mevype{ej rf| if|ij|f è ehèwe`vj|f zvfcce inf r|odvowohoe m|vrre pf||o|eype f r|owoijho iodljppedfhpe f jcp|e `jhhe hfccj |fmeohf?

I―f|j go|yf zvjcinf ehgo|dj{eohf inf òwfwj fyyf|f djhpfhvpj yfm|fpj?

Fyye iohye`f|jho ec yeoheydo iodf vhj e`fj yji|j f vh―e`focomej( Zvjcyejye òdjh`j wfhmj roypjj r|oroyepo `fccf yvf wf|f o|emehe f yvccj yvj wf|j ypo|ej wefhf ioh`jhhjpj `j fyye iodf vh rfiijpoedrf|òhjlecf( Pvppjwej fyye jrr|owjho f rf|dfppoho `fe yji|ecfme f `fmce ehyvcpe iohp|o jcp|f èwehf|fcemeohe(

Ij|e ioccfmne f jdeie# Cj wf|j celf|pâ# cj mevype{ej# cj èmhepâ# ec lfhfyyf|f f cj yeiv|f{{j yoho è|eppe è pvppf cf hj{eohe(Zvfype wjco|e hoh royyoho fyyf|f èyp|vppe hå `jccj èrfh`fh{j yvcc―jppvjcf yeypfdj ehfggeijif è

mowf|hjhif# hå jpp|jwf|yo c―ehwjyeohf `fc dohò `j rj|pf è ropf|e j||omjhpe f cf go|{f `fccj HJPO(

Zvfype wjco|e rop|jhho fyyf|f jppvjpe yoco jpp|jwf|yo c―ehèrfh`fh{j f ec |eiohoyiedfhpo `fe è|eppe

`fmce jcp|e hfcc―j|dohej f hfccj ioorf|j{eohf( Fyeypf vhj zvjcvhzvf djhef|j è |eyocwf|f e r|olcfde f cf yge`f inf jyyeccjho ec dohò |eio||fhò jedfiijheyde ehpf|hj{eohjce eh wemo|f rf| jevpj|f c―vdjhepâ j |fjce{{j|f cf yvf ehyorr|edelecejyre|j{eohe jccj yeiv|f{{j f` jccj fmvjmcejh{j?

Pvppe ioco|o inf njhho pfhpjpo è ehp|o`v||f `fccf |ego|df# djhpfhfhò ehjcpf|jpf cf ho|df f cfpfh`fh{f wemfhpe njhho gjccepo( E r|f{eoye ygo|{e gjppe `jc dowedfhpo `fe Hoh$Jccehfjpe f ec m|vrro == f ec m|vrro :6# ocp|f inf `j ifcfl|e rf|yohjcepâ j pepoco ehèwe`vjcf# hoh yoho |evyiepe j r|o`v||f `feijdlejdfhpe goh`jdfhpjce(

Cj mowf|hjhif f cj mve`j `fc dohò |einefòho |ego|df goh`jdfhpjce( Inf ioyj ye `fwf gj|fj`fyyo?



Ij|e ioccfmne f jdeie? @fwoho gj|ye `fmce ygo|{e ioh vhj gf|dj |eyocv{eohf f ioh vhj ioorf|j{eohf ioccfppewj rf| i|fj|f vhhvowo rejho# yvccj ljyf `fe r|ehiere f cj ypfyyj goh`j{eohf `fe è|eppe vdjhe vhewf|yjce iodf ecdohopfeydo# cj mevype{ej # cj celf|pâ# c―jdo|f f cj |eif|ij `fccj gfceiepâ(

C―e`fj `fccj i|fj{eohf `fccf Hj{eohe Vhepf |fypj vh m|jh`f f ypo|eio yviifyyo rf}| c―vdjhepâ( Cjyvj edro|pjh{j `fwf fyyf|f jrr|f{{jpj f cf yvf ropfh{ejcepâ `fwoho fyyf|f vpece{{jpf jc dfmceo rf| ehoyp|e holece olefppewe(

Hoe hoh òw|fdo jvpo|e{{j|f zvfypj o|mjhe{{j{eohf# inf |egcfppf cj wocohpâ ioccfppewj fc―jyre|j{eohf iohèweyj `fccj iodvhepâ `fccf hj{eohe# j `fwej|f `jccj yvj yp|j`j f ij`f|f hfccf djhe`fe ropf|e dohèjce(

@fwf fyyf|f r|frj|jpo vh pf||fho gjwo|fwocf j` jyyeiv|j|f cj rj|pfierj{eohf ioccfppewj f ecioehwocmedfhpo `fccf hj{eohe rf| r|odvowf|f cj rjif `v|fwocf f cj yeiv|f{{j(

Cj mfypeohf iohèweyj f ioccfppewj `fc doh`f `fwf fyyf|f |fjce{{jpj hfc yvo wf|o yemhegeijpo# fljyjpj yve r|ehiere iohyji|jpe hfccj cfmmf ehpf|hj{eohjcf; Cj mevype{ej `fwf fyyf|f ec i|epf|eo f ecoh`jdfhpo è pvppf cf `fieyeohe f cf j{eohe ehpf|hj{eohjce(

Omhvho è hoe òw|â |eiohoyif|f inf hoh we yoho jcp|e df{{e# jcc―ehgvo|e `fccj mfypeohf iohèweyj fioccfppewj `fc dohò# rf| ro||f gehf jcc―jppvjcf èyo|èhf# cj pe|jhhej f cj èyi|edehj{eohf(

F― ehgjppe cj yocj yp|j`j wf|yo cj r|oyrf|epâ f ec lfhfyyf|f `fccj yoiefpâ vdjhj inf î vhj wf|epâypjlecepf f wewj(

\eiohoyifhò zvfypj wf|epâ# omhvho òw|â yoppocehfj|f inf ec yoco |eiohoyiedfhpo hoh ljypj(Oiio||f i|f`f|we f |j`òrrej|f mce ygo|{e rf| cj yvj |fjce{{j{eohf(

Ij|e ioccfmne f jdeie# Cj mfypeohf iohèweyj f ioccfppewj `fc dohò î è|eppo cfmeppedo è pvppf cf hj{eohe# f hoe iodf co|o|jrr|fyfhpjhpe jllejdo c―ollcemo è ègfh`f|co( Hohoypjhpf inf if|po ropf|e pfhpeho iohpehvjdfhpfè lcoiij|f pvppe mce ygo|{e ehpf|hj{eohjce `fypehjpe j r|odvowf|f cj ioorf|j{eohf ioccfppewj# hoeòllejdo pvppjwej |jggo|{j|f cj hoyp|j gf`f hfccj |fjce{{j{eohf è pjcf olefppewo# inf î cj mfypeohfioccfppewj f iohèweyj `fc dohò(

Cf Hj{eohe Vhepf yoho ypjpf i|fjpf rf| |fjce{{j|f vhj rj|pfierj{eohf fggfppewj è pvppf cf hj{eohe hfe r|oifyye `fieyeohe ehpf|hj{eohjce(

Pvppe hoe yjrrejdo inf pjcf olefppewo hoh î ypjpo jhio|j |jmmevhpo j ijvyj `fccj jyyfh{j è mevype{ej hfccf yp|vppv|f è mfypeohf jppvjcf f `fe dfiijheyde `fcc―OHV(

Cj iodroye{eohf `fc iohyemceo è yeiv|f{{j î ehmevypj f ehezvj( @e iohyfmvfh{j doègeinf jhinf`fccj yp|vppv|j `fccf Hj{eohe Vhepf yoho iohye`f|jpf iodf cf |einefypf goh`jdfhpjce `fccf hj{eohejccf zvjce c―jyyfdlcfj mfhf|jcf `fwf `j|f |eyroypf( @v|jhpf cj yfyyeohf `fcco yio|yo jhho# eo noehyeypepo yvcc―edro|pjh{j è zvfypo olefppewo f ehwepjpo j iohye`f|j|f ec `fifhheo jppvjcf iodf zvfcco`fccj mfypeohf mcoljcf iohèweyj f ioccfppewj(

Wo||fe |fepf|j|f cj dej r|oroypj( Yoho iohwehpo ehgjppe inf jpp|jwf|yo cj ioorf|j{eohf

ehpf|hj{eohjcf# cj wemecjh{j f c―edrfmho `fe cfj`f| dohèjce f `fe mowf|he# f ehyeypfhò yvccjhfifyyepâ `fccj mevype{ej f c―jrrommeo `fc cf jcp|f hj{eohe# hoe rop|fdo mfppj|f cf ljye rf| vhl|eccjhpf gvpv|o iodvhf(



Zvfypo dowedfhpo î if|pjdfhpf yvccj yp|j`j mevypj rf| jyyeiv|j|f vh gvpv|o r|odfppfhpf rf| c―vdjhepâ(

Vh gvpv|o inf yj|â ioyp|vepo zvjhò c―vdjhepâ iodehif|â j` edloiij|f cj yp |j`j yfmhjpj `je

èwehe r|ogfpe f `fe mevype yoppo cj mve`j `fcc―edjd Jc $ Djnè# c―vcpedo yjcwjpo|f `fcc―vdjhepâ fc―f|f`f è pvppe e dfyyjmmf|e èwehe f `fccf mve`f

Cj i|fj{eohf è vhj yoiefpâ e`fjcf f yvr|fdj# ioh c―j||ewo è vh fyyf|f vdjho rf|gfppo inf î vhwf|o f yehif|o yfmvjif è pvppe e è|eppe `fcc―vodo# î cj r|odfyyj è Jccjn(

Fmce mevhmf|â# jiiodrjmhjpo `j Mfyõ I|eypo# rf| fyyf|f è mve`j je yfmvjie `fccj celf|pâ f `fccjmevype{ej# rf| èyp|vmmf|f cj pe|jhhej f cj èyi|edehj{eohf f r|odvowf|f ec yjrf|f# cj rjif# cjmevype{ej# cj rjif hfc dohò( R|fyfhpf|â j pvppe mce ehèwe`ve cf df|jwemcef `fc dohò f pvppf cf ioyflvohf inf `j|jhho cj gfceiepâ jcc―vdjhepâ(

Omme cf hj{eohe ye yoho |eywfmcejpf( Ioh cj i|fyiepf `fccj r|fyj è ioyiefh{j rvllceij# fyyf hohyvle|jhho reõ j cvhmo cf orr|fyyeohe f cf èyi|edehj{eohe(

Ec dohò î o|dje r|oyyedo j` jyyeypf|f# reõ inf dje# j` vh mfhf|jcf |eywfmceo hfccf pf||f eycjdeinf#eh Jyej# eh Fv|orj# eh Jdf|eij( Zvfype dowedfhpe jr|e|jhho co|o co yre|epo omhe meo|ho è reõ fehgcvfh{f|jhho cj coppj rf| cj mevype{ej# cj celf|pâ f cj i|fj{eohf è vh gvpv|o demceo|f(

Cj hoyp|j m|jh`f hj{eohf î r|ohpj j yp|ehmf|f cf djhe è zvfcce `fccj jcp|f hj{eohe rf| jwwej|fzvfypo djmhegeio ijddeho hfcc―j|dohej eh yedleoye ioh cf jyre|j{eohe iohèweyf `fcc―vdjhepâ(

Cjyiejpfie yjcvpj|f c―jdo|f# cj celf|pâ# cj mevype{ej# cj yjmmf{{j f ec df|jwemceoyo gvpv|o inf jppfh`fc―vdjhepâ(

M|j{ef

P|jppo `jcc-oyyf|wjpo|eo ehpf|hj{eohjcf rf| e è|eppe; nppr;//}}}(oyyeh(o|m/

Dj iodf hoh yoggf|dj|ie vh eypjhpf j |ecfmmf|f jcivhf rj|ocf inejwf `fc pfypjdfhpo è Dvyyocehe?

–Wf c―no `fppo( Yiorref|â vhj pf|{j mvf||j dohèjcf—

–No iohicvyo inf no yor|jwwjcvpjpo c―ehpfccemfh{j `fccf djyyf( Hfe èjcomne inf pjhpf wocpf nojwvpo ioh cf docpepvèhe# jwfwo cj iohweh{eohf inf cf m|e`j inf yfmvewjho cf def òdjh`f goyyf|oyfmho è ioyiefh{j# è iodr|fhyeohf# è fwocv{eohf(

Ehwfif# f|j eypf|eydo ioccfppewo‧

Dj ec iocdo î inf e hoyp|e hfdeie njhho oppfhvpo inf e r|ocfpj|e# e rowf|e# e leyomhoye è pvppo# yeyinef|jyyf|o jhedj f io|ro `jccj rj|pf `fe rcvpoi|jpe# `fmce jggjdjpo|e# `fc m|jh`f ijrepjceydo(

Yj|â vh meowjhf( Eo hoh yj|ü reõ( Cjyiejpf rjyyj|f zvfype jhhe è lvgf|j( Vh meowjhf yo|mf|â( Vh rv|o(Vh ijro inf òw|â eddjhijlecdfhpf jmepj|f cf e`ff `fc gjyieydo(

Ioccjlo|j{eohf f hoh coppj è icjyyf1ij|pj `fc Cjwo|o f yoiejceydo1j r|or|efpâ yji|j geho j inf hoh èwfhpe vh ehyvcpo jccj deyf|ej1

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iv|j f r|opf{eohf `fe cjwo|jpo|e#yrfiejcdfhpf `fe wfiine f `fmce ehwjceè1iv|j f r|opf{eohf `fccj dj`|f f `fcc―ehgjh{ej‧((fyjppj f inf hoh nj reõ cj ge`viej `fe gjdecej|e `fcc―edro|pjhpf `fmfhpf(

Docpe dfèie ye jggoccjho rf| cj yviifyyeohf( Docpe è zvfype yoho meâ iohoyievpe rf| ehfppe1 jcp|e hohnjhho inf edr|ohpepvèhf o mocj è mvj`jmho( Ec hvowo òppo|f `fwf jhio|j jrrj|e|f( F zvjhòyo|mf|â# òw|â |er|fh`f|f cf |eifppf def( @ow|â yoco yjrf|cf jrrceij|f dfmceo(

Hoh yo yf Inv|inecc î# iodf df# p|jhzvecco f yf|fho(

\eio|`jpfwe lfhf; jllejdo yrjwfhpjpo ec dohò `fe m|jhè jggj|eype f `fe m|jhè yrfivcjpo|e( Fyyehoh njhho wocvpo inf ie goyyf `jpj cj royyelecepâ è wewf|f(Yf cf weifh`f è zvfypj mvf||j goyyf|o ypjpf gjwo|fwoce jcc―Jyyf# eo jw|fe r|oroypo jc Gvfn|f|# jweppo|ej oppfhvpj# cj yoiejce{{j{eohf dohèjcf(

Cj yoiejce{{j{eohf dohèjcf# f ieoî;

|ohpef|f fyicvyewjdfhpf j ij|jppf|f ypo|eio1jloce{eohf è omhe òmjhj1celf|o ioddf|ieo g|j rjfyf f rjfyf# |fmocjpo `j vhj iohwfh{eohf dohèjcf1dohfpj vheij f# iohyfmvfhpfdfhpf# c―o|o è pvppo ec dohò è r|or|efpâ iodvhf f ioyã pvppf cfdjpf|ef r|edf# yv`èweyf yfiohò e leyomhe `fe èwf|ye rjfye1jloce{eohf |fjcf f |jèijcf è omhe j|djdfhpo(

Celf|pâ è rfhyef|o# è rj|ocj f è ypjdrj?Yã# rv|inå |fmocjpj f do`f|jpj `j cedepe mevype# inej|jdfhpf ypjlecepe( Yfh{j è inf# ye jw|fllfjhj|inej f ceifh{j(F |eio|`jpfwe# yor|j pvppo cj do|jcf `fwf jwf|f e yvoe è|eppe(

Omhe |fcemeohf celf|eyyedj è r|orjmjh`j|ye; yejdo ypjpe e r|ede# e yoce# j |e`j|f cvyp|o f `fio|o fcelf|pâ f jvpo|epâ jccj Inefyj ijppoceij( Jyyeypejdo j zvfypo yp|jo|èhj|eo yrfppjioco; cj ypfyyjInefyj jccfjpj je yvoe reõ jif||ede hfdeie(

No |egcfppvpo docpo( No `fieyo vlle`fhò jcc―jdo|f inf eo no rf| zvfypj èwehj jò|jlecf pf||j( No jwvpj r|fieyeyyedj cj iohweh{eohf è ge|dj|f cj dej yfhpfh{j e do|pf( Hoh jwfwo edro|pjh{j reõ(

@owfwo yjcwj|f ec reõ royyelecf wepf f` jwf|e# òwfwo if|ij|f jhio|j vhj wocpj è gj|f `fc lfhf jc

Roroco `―Epjcej F cj dohfpj è oiivrj{eohf# e dj|ine è mvf||j# inf meâ f|jho ypjpe dfyye ehie|iocj{eohf# yoho ypjpe rf| dej wocohpâ |epe|jpe( No m|e`jpo(Omme yj|fddo ioh decej|è è ij|pj lvohj rf| l|viej|f(

Ehwfif hfc Yv`# e mowf|hjhpe cfmjce# njhho jiifppjpo cf dohfpf è oiivrj{eohf( Cj hoyp|j ce|j hfc |fmho `fc Yv` hoh nj r|jpeijdfhpf reõ wjco|f(

Cj reõ p|fdfh`j `fccf ehgcj{eohe `fce{ej zvfccf |fmeohe ioyã `fppf celf|jpf( Zvjhò j||ewjddo hfc Ho|`# eh zvfypo Ho|` inf cj \frvllceij Yoiejcf nj mowf|hjpo djcm|jò lodlj|`jdfhpe#ehpf||v{eohe è yp|j`f# j{eohe è rj|pemejhe f è |elfcce# djcm|jò cj djhijh{j è mfhf|e jcedfhpj|e fè iodlvypelece# eh zvfypo Ho|` òwf ec rjhf ioypj jhio|j zvjhpo ioypjwj èieoppo dfye gj f òwf yedjhmej jccf Dfhyf `fc Roroco jhinf j oppo ce|f# zvjhò j||ewf|jhho j celf|j|f ec Ho|`#

ro|pf|jhho# ioh jcp|e djce# cj ehgcj{eohf(

Ec rjhf yjce|â j :22 ce|f ec ineco f pvppo yj|â eh r|oro|{eohf‧



Wf c―no `fppo( Yiorref|â vhj pf|{j mvf||j dohèjcf(

@fdoi|j{ef ijrepjceypeinf iohp|o locyifweydo ijrepjceypeio(

Yoco cj hoyp|j weppo|ej jw|fllf `jpo jc dohò cj rjif ioh cj mevype{ej( De njhho pjhpo |ehgjiiejpj cj go|dj pe|jhheij è èyiercehj inf edrohfwo jmce epjcejhe( Iodf cj|edrejhmf|jhho( F òw|â po|hj|f yf mce epjcejhe wo||jhho fyyf|f jhio|j vh Roroco f hoh vhjmmcodf|jpo è yinejwe(F mce epjcejhe cj wo||jhho( Cj fyemf|jhho(

Ijiif|jhho j gv|o| è roroco e gjcye rjypo|e# e reiioce djcwjme vodehe jyyf|wepe jmce ehpf|fyye `fcco yp|jhef|o( Ro|pf|jhho geo|e jccf podlf `fe dj|pe|e# jccf podlf `fe ij`vpe rf| vh―e`fj inf yj|â cjcvif f cj yrf|jh{j `fc dohò(

@e|jhho# jcco|j# yfh{j rejmmf|ej# f yfh{j gjcyepâ; Dvyyocehe jwfwj |jmeohf—(

Decjho# << jr|ecf :506

nppr;//cjr|ogf{ej(lcomyrop(iod/yfj|in/cjlfc/CJ&<2R\OGF[EJ

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Cfppo pvppo? Lfhf# ioyj njhho `vhzvf eh iodvhf vh gjyieypj eccvdehjpo# vh |ewocv{eohj|eo lf`veho#vh yoiejceypj |ego|djpo|f f` vh cfj`f| eycjdeio r|om|fyyeypj# pjhpo `j yfdl|j|f `fccf inedf|f rf| cjco|o wf|wf f inf j hoe# r|oljlecdfhpf ygvmmf? Njhho go|yf pvppo ieü inf djhij j zvjcyejye cfj`f|oiie`fhpjcf inf nj `fieyo è yf|we|f iohyjrfwocdfhpf ec Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf; ec io|jmmeo è è|fcj wf|epâ ioh èmhepâ# f è wocf| `jwwf|o yf|we|f cj r|or|ej Rjp|ej# yfh{j rf|ü jwf|f ec yfhyo f cjiohoyifh{j `fccj Wf|epâ vcpedj( Iohio||oho# ehyoddj j è|f f hoh è|f f zvfypo jevpj lfh roio( @eif|po hoh yjcwj( Zvehè# yfllfhf oypjioceho c―jyifyj `fcc―JhpeI|eypo# eh vh if|po jcp|o wf|yo ehwfif#iohio||oho j ehp|ohe{{j|co jpp|jwf|yo mvf||f f |ewocv{eohe# mevypegeijpf `j vhj yvr|fdj{ej fiohodeij`fc rfp|oc$òccj|o# `fcc―fcfpp|o$òccj|o# `fcc―fio$òccj|o# fii(( Fiio rf|inå jhinf Nvmo Injwf{# FwoDo|jcfy# Wcjède| Rvpeh# Ge`fc Ijyp|o hoh royyoho fyyf|f iohye`f|jpe `fe yjcwjroroco(

Dvyyocehe r|fwe`f zvfype pfdre inf ypejdo wewfhò hoe? Yã# dj yoco jrrfhj ye jiio|moho inf ec co|oyomho î ywjhepo f inf cj ,p|edv|pe, ce ypj rf| yro`fypj|f òro jwf|ce yoypfhvpe iodehiejho j ywvopj|fec yjiio( Dj ec r|olcfdj î `vrceif; r|edo hoh ye `fhvhiej yf roe hoh ye ogg|f cj yocv{eohf inf î hfc

Yjcwjpo|f( Hfyyvh e`fjcf î `v|jpo hfccj ypo|ej vdjhj iodf ec dfyyjmmeo i|eypejho è jdo|f1 yfiohò#è |fifhpf co ypfyyo Jhpoheo Yoiie ye jrrfccj jccj Inefyj rf| e yvoe gemce( Dj zvjhò î inf zvfypjmfhpf iodehif|â j inejdj|f zvfype vcpede gjcye rjre rf| ec co|o wf|o hodf?

Pvppf cf co|o jggf|dj{eohe rvllceinf rjyyjpf è Nepcf| .Mf|djhej# <2 deceohe è do|pe%# Ypjceh.V\YY# <2 deceohe è do|pe%# Djo [fòhm .Iehj# =2 deceohe è do|pe%# Inejhm Aje$ynfa .Iehj# ie|ij9 deceohe è do|pe%# Dvyyocehe# G|jhio .Yrjmhj# <22decj do|pe%# Dj|ioy# Rf|oh f Yjcj{j|# f r|fyfhpeè We`fcj# Roc Rop .Ijdlomej# < deceohe è do|pe%# Koyer L|o{# `fppo Pepo .Kvmoycjwej# : deceohf èdo|pe% Loajyyj# Rehoinfp .Iecf# 92decj do|pe%# Jcgohyeh# Ljpeypj# Ljh{f|# Ho|efmj# Jyyj`# Aed KohmEc# `fe –iocohhfcce— `fccj M|fiej gjhho ijre|f inf co|o yjhho# jcp|o inf r|ogf{ej( Jhinf HeiocjfIfjvyfyiv .\odjhej# 72decj do|pe%# Ycolo`jh Decoyfwei# Yj``jd Nvyyfeh .E|jz# 622decj do|pe%

yjrfwjho f yoho ypjpe mevype{ejpe rf| pjif|f( Co ypfyyo wjcf rf| jcp|e pe|jhhe f èppjpo|e jg|eijhe fo|efhpjce( Yoco j \odj rj|f inf hfe rjcj{{e jroypoceie cf ioyf ye royyjho |eyocwf|f gjifhòiodr|odfyye( .Go|yf hoh co yjrfwj Jcleho Cviejhe%( J dfho inf hoh ie yej zvjcinf gv|le{ej è

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p|orro# iodf c-eropfye revppoypo cjioheij inf e Mfyvepe ypejho iohp|occjhò `j weieho ec Hvowo O|èhfDohèjcf rf| roe gj|f vhj rf|hjiinej je m|jhè ijre jhmcoyeoheype( Dj î dje royyelecf yejho co|o jiohp|occj|f cj Moc`djh f Yjiny? Yf ioyã goyyf# ec meoio î m|jwf weypo inf è Gf`f hoh i-î p|jiiej( F-yoco vhj m|jh`f rj|pepj j \eyeao f hfddfho pjhpo lfccj# rf|inî è df{{o ie yoho do|pe geyeinf#do|pe yre|epvjce f `jhhj{eohe fpf|hf( Inevhzvf yej j djhow|j|f cf dj|eohfppf f j `fppj|f zvfypf

|fmocf `fc meoio# roe hf |eyroh`f|â è g|ohpf jccj Ypo|ej f yor|jppvppo è g|ohpf j @eo( Ij|e vpece eèope*

@eifwj vh jdeio; –Eo |fypo yfdr|f reõ iohwehpo inf ec |fzveyepo hfifyyj|eo rf| gj| rj|pf è zvfypffcãpf djcfgeinf î hoh jwf|f jcivhj fdrjpej# |edo|yo# yfhyo è iocrj# jh{e fyyf|f yjèie f mo`f|f `fcòco|f jcp|ve* Ij|jppf|eypeinf inf iohp|j`èypehmvoho hvdf|oyf ryeio$rjpef# inf hoh wefpjho rf|hvccj inf cj rf|yohj yej jrrj|fhpfdfhpf ho|djcf f rf|yeho mfhejce( Hoh royyo i|f`f|f vhj rf|yohjho|djcf jllej ec io|jmmeo è r|fdf|f ec loppohf rf| ymjhiej|f vhj lodlj jpodeij# goyyf jhinfiohp|o ec co|o rfmmeo| hfdeio* Rf|inî jrrvhpo `j vh cjpo |j{eohjcdfhpf nje deccf oppede dopewe djjccj gehf yejdo vdjhe f yejdo fdrjpeie f |evyiejdo j eddf`fyedj|ie hfccf j{eohe inf gjiiejdo f yffyyf yejho lfhf o djcf( ( Co ypfyyo dvyyocehe hoh nj dje ioh`jhhjpo j do|pf hfyyvh èyye`fhpf(M|jdyie c-nj ehmjllejpo# mce jcp|e jc iohgeho o yv vh eyocj( Cj mvf||j hoh cj wocfwj gj|f f jccj gehf

c-nj gjppj ioh c-e`fj goyyf vh lcep{ a|efm èroine dfye zvehè dehedo ygo|{o rf| djyyedo mvj`jmho(De wefhf `j |e`f|f inf co j`èpeho iodf yjhmvehj|eo èppjpo|f# î go|yf ypjpo vho `fe reõ ,lvohe, jiohpe gjppe* Inf |vyye f iehfye ypejho jhio|j co}$r|ogecf èhjh{e jcc-fyrjyeohf Hjpo go|yf î `jpo `jcyfdrceif gjppo inf co|o yoho jhio|j mve`jpf `j rf|yohf ioh cj pfypj yvccf yrjccf dfhp|f mce ujhaff `jryeiorjpeie jyyfpjpe è yjhmvf( Yve Mfyvepe pvppo î royyelecf( Dj ehgjppe è Gf`f hoh hf wfò ‧go|yfGf`f hfcc-JhpeI|eypo o jcp|f yjpjhf|ef (((Iodf rvo- vh vodo è gf`f yvrro|pj|f c-e`fj è i|fj|f hohèio vh Mowf|ho Dohèjcf dj jhinf yoco vhegeij|f df{{o rejhfpj yoppo vh vheio mowf|ho? Rf| roegj|hf ec yocepo mvcjm j iefco jrf|po iodf eh V\YY inehj fpi( Ieof- iodf gj vho j ywfmcej|ye cjdjppehj f yomhj|f j oiine jrf|pe è iohzveypj|f pvppo ioh c-vyv|j# ioh cf jpodeinf f jwf|f decej|è èyinejwe eh djho ((( I-î wf|jdfhpf zvjcioyj è djcjpo# è fyjmf|jpo f è dfmjcodjhf eh pvppo ieü‧pvppf ij|jppf|eypeinf `fc mev`jeydo hoh j ijyo—( Mce |eyrohò yvlepo rf| cf |edf# weypo inf î vh|jmeohjdfhpo cvieò# |fjceypeio f hoh r|ewo è comeij; –Rfhyj inf pvppo ieü inf pv èie# cj Inefyj coèifwj geho jc :56=( F|j ec Ajpfinoh# c―oypjioco `j |edvowf|f( ‧Roe î j||ewjpo ec –rjrj lvoho— gecodjyyohf# hforfcjmejheypj f hforjmjho f ioh cve ec Wjpeijho EE( F― ypjpo gjiecf roe yrjcjhij|f cf ro|pfje rj|pepe i|eypejhe inf ropfwjho yoco gj|f rfmmeo `fe iodvheype# iodf èyyf co ypfyyo M|jdyie(

\fypj ec gjppo inf ,C-vheij mvf||j rf|yj î zvfccj inf ye nj rjv|j è iodljppf|f,

Jhio|j hoh we ljypj? Wfèjdo o|j è inej|e|ie yv jcp|e `vf rvhpe# omme @omdj cjeio j pvppe mce fggfppe;ec @flepo Rvllceio f c―Ocoijvypo( If|inejdo è ijre|f lfhf zvfcco inf yfdl|f|fllf fyyf|f ygvmmepor|oljlecdfhpf je r|fyvhpe –ègfhyo|e `fccj Rjp|ej—# .jhinf yf |epfhmo inf hfccj co|o weyvjcf |eyp|fppjyejho ehwfif |edjype p|ehif|jpe f |jiinevye èfp|o cf io|pehf f r|opf{eohe `fccj gjdemf|jpj rcvpoi|j{eji|edehjcf# f `jcc―fmoeydo jweò f èyvdjho è vhj e`fj .e`fjceydo vporeio% è yoiefpâ èwf|yj `jzvfccj inf ie î ehyfmhjpj `j @eo rf| df{{o `fccj Inefyj f `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo(

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EC YEMHO\JMMEO LJHIJ\EO F@ EC @EYOHO\F @FCCJ DJMEYP\JPV\J INF PJIF

Ehèypv|ljpf cf ljhinf ifhp|jce# g|j ive cj Ljhij `-Epjcej .LÈ% f cj Ljhij Ifhp|jcf Fv|orfj .LIF%#ehi|fèlecdfhpf r|ewjpf# r|jpeijho ec yemho|jmmeo r|edj|eo# dfhp|f cf ljhinf ioddf|iejce r|jpeijhoc-jhio| reõ m|jwf yemho|jmmeo yfioh`j|eo# |fjce{{jhò rf|jcp|o vh-fwjyeohf geyijcf djmmeo|f yej `fccf



pjyyf rjmjpf inf `fccf pjyyf fwjyf `jc |fypo `fccj yoiefpâ( @oro jwf|co ehgjppe yfm|fpjpo meâ `jccjhjyiepj `fccj \frvllceij geh hfmce jppe `fc Rj|cjdfhpo .ioh mce odeyyey%# ye î ,yiorf|po, inf cj LÈ îjc 56& è r|ewjpe .>6& ljhinf# :2& jyyeiv|j{eohe f 6& EHRY%# iodf m|jh rj|pf `fccf jcp|f ljhinfifhp|jce1 g|j ive cj LIF# inf î jc :0#6=& `fccj LÈ# f zvehè `fe yvoe r|or|efpj|e( Yemho|jmmeor|edj|eo `fccj LÈ/LIF f `fccf jcp|f ljhinf ifhp|jce inf iohyeypf; $:% Hfcco ypjdrj|f iohpehvjdfhpf

cf ljhiohopf jc ioypo `fccj ij|pj f `fcc-ehineoyp|o .`jc :5<5 hoh oiio||f jcivh io||eyrfppewo eh o|o#hå î dje |fjcdfhpf oiio|yo%( Ljhiohopf cj ive zvjhpepâ î hopj yoco j co|o# rf|inå e hvdf|e è yf|efhoh yoho r|om|fyyewe# f hoh yf hf iohoyif ec yemhegeijpo( $<% Vyj|cf .jc wjco|f eh fv|o# òccj|e fii( yvfyyf ypjdrjpo% rf| iodr|j|f `jmce Ypjpe $ vèpf vèpf $ vh rj|e edro|po eh pepoce `fc `flepo rvllceio.LOP# IIP# LRP# IP[%( $9% Wfh`f|f e pepoce jccf jypf# |er|fh`fhòye e yocè f cjyiejhò jcco Ypjpo ec,`flepo rvllceio, ehwfhpjpo dfèjhpf zvfypo i|edehf( $0% Eyi|ewf|f g|jvòcfhpfdfhpf jc rjyyewoc-edro|po `fccf ljhiohopf ypjdrjpf j ioypo {f|o jcco yioro è ,rj|fmmej|f, eyi|ewfhò jcc-jppewo epepoce o ec |eijwjpo `fccj co|o wfhèpj# f è oiivcpj|f zvfypf fho|de yoddf( I|edehe jpp|jwf|yo e zvjcee r|or|efpj|e `fccj LÈ# jcc-jcezvopj `fc 62&# njhho geh zve fwjyo pjyyf rf| >22 decej|è è fv|o# ieoîrf| cj dfpâ `fccf ljhiohopf fdfyyf# inf `fwoho jddohpj|f j :(722 decej|è è fv|o# weypo inf yohoypjpf wej wej ypjdrjpf r|or|eo rf| ,jizveypj|f eh iohp|orj|pepj, e :(722 decej|è è `flepo rvllceio(

:(722 decej|è |vljpeie j`òyyjhò j hoe ec ,`flepo rvllceio,# jc yoco rjmjdfhpo `fe ive ehpf|fyyeòllejdo rf| è reõ `fypehj|f ec :7& `fc lecjhieo( Gf|do |fypjhò inf docpe `f`vioho `jccj hohr|om|fyyewepâ `fe hvdf|e è yf|ef `fccf ljhiohopf inf cj co|o zvjhpepâ î gvo|e iohp|occo( Vh gfhodfhor|edj è r|o`v{eohf ehiohp|occjpj f `j gjcyj|e `fccf ljhiohopf f roe# iodf wf`|fdo# èiehzvjhpvrceij{eohf `fc yvo vyo j` orf|j `fccf ljhinf ioddf|iejce .yemho|jmmeo yfioh`j|eo% inf îcj ijvyj `fcc-egcj{eohf( P|vggf inf# p|j c-jcp|o# gf|do |fypjhò c-ollcemo `fcco Ypjpo è rjmj|f jeiodr|jpo|e jccj yij`fh{j e pepoce meâ fdfyye ioh e r|odfyye ehpf|fyye# |fhòho rf|ü |fyrohyjlece `fc,`flepo rvllceio, cj LÈ/LIF# jwfhòhf fyyf .hoh co Ypjpo% |eyioyyo ec io||eyrfppewo( $6% \eieicj|f ec`fhj|o ioyã p|vggjpo dfèjhpf ifhp|jce ehpf|ljhij|ef dohèjce# g|j ive ehhvdf|fwoce gohpe Ehpf|hfpehèijho cj Icfj|yp|fjd# c-Fv|oicfj|# cj Y}egp f` jcp|f( Gfhodfhe inf njhho yp|jwocpo ec dohò# jrj|pe|f `jc gjppo inf# p|j c-jcp|o# yf goyyf co Ypjpo j r|o`v||f ec `fhj|o# rop|fllf r|o`v|hf zvjhpo hfoiio||f yfh{j ijvyj|f jcivhj ehgcj{eohf( Zvfypo rf|inå co Ypjpo# rf| cfmmf# òw|fllf roe f|omj|coyoco j io||eyrfppewo è wjco|e royepewe j ine hf nj è|eppo# owwf|o j g|ohpf è vh rj|jccfco ehi|fdfhpo`fccf |eiinf{{j |fjcf# rf| ive ec ropf|f è jizveypo `fc `fhj|o |edj||fllf ehwj|ejpo( Cj ypjdrj è vhjyoddj `j rj|pf è vh gjcyj|eo .vh yommfppo hoh cfmeppedjpo j r|o`v|cj; vhj ljhij ifhp|jcf% fzvewjcfehwfif j` vh ,jyyfmhj|f j yå, zvfc `fhj|o yfh{j `j|f eh ijdleo hvccj( Ioh ec òrreo fggfppo# zvjhòec gjcyj|eo co yrfh`f|â# inf `j vh cjpo ye jrr|or|ef|â eccfiepjdfhpf è ieü inf ,iodr|j,# f `jcc-jcp|oehi|fdfhpf|â ec `fhj|o mcoljcf yfh{j inf we yej vh io||eyroh`fhpf ehi|fdfhpo `fccj |eiinf{{j |fjcf#inf î roe ieü `fgehejdo ehgcj{eohf( C-ehgcj{eohf î ehgjppe ijvyjpj `jcc-ehp|o`v{eohf è `fhj|o j` orf|jè gjcyj|e dfèjhpf co yrfh`f|co# rf|inå ieü ijvyj vhj èdehv{eohf .j wjhpjmmeo `fc gjcyj|eo% `fccjrf|ifhpvjcf `fc `fhj|o mcoljcf è iejyivho# jccj zvjcf io||eyroh`f|â vhj rj|jccfcj èdehv{eohf `fccj

rf|ifhpvjcf è |eiinf{{j |fjcf inf rvü iodr|j|f( Iohye`f|j{eohe `jccf zvjce ye `f`vif jhinf inf eieppjèhe# eh zvjhpo g|j{eohe `fcco Ypjpo# njhho ec ropf|f è ehwf|j|f e yocè .inevhzvf ce r|o`vij% rf|ec yoc gjppo è |eifwf|yfce( Ehwf|jdfhpo inf jwwefhf rf|inå ec ieppjèho# hfc dodfhpo eh ive ce |eifwf#ce ,ior|f, ioh cj r|fypj{eohf# ec lfhf o ec è|eppo j |eifwf|yfce io||eyrfppewo ( Rf| ive# jcc-ehi|fdfhpo`fc `fhj|o mcoljcf ijvyjpo `je yocè `jpe jc ieppjèho# io||eyroh`f|â vh rj|e ehi|fdfhpo è |eiinf{{j|fjcf# o è ywecvrro# `j cve |fjce{{jpo eh ijdleo rf| cj yoiefpâ( Vh zvj`|o hfc zvjcf# yf vh gjcyj|eo,r|fypj, `fe yocè j` vh emhj|o ieppjèho# inf ce yrfh`f dfppfhòce e||edfèjlecdfhpf eh ie|iocj{eohf#dj roe wefhf j yjrf|f `fccj co|o gjcyepâ f rvü r|owj|cj# hvccj òw|â jc gjcyj|eo# yej rf|inå ec gjcyj|eohvccj mce nj `jpo# f yej rf|inå ec io||eyrfppewo `fcco yrfh`f|f zvfe yocè ec ieppjèho co oppf||â `jccjioccfppewepâ# hoh `jc gjcyj|eo1 yeiinå î jccj ioccfppewepâ inf òw|â |fypepve|ce( Dopewe rf| e zvjceyoypfhmo è yfmvepo inf geè# dvpve# zvehpe è yperfhèo fii( hoh wjhho |fypepvepe jccf ljhinf# f inf yf

ye womceoho |fh`f|f wf|e e ,`flepe, `fe ieppjèhe wf|yo è fyyf# f ropf|ce roe fyemf|f# oiio||f r|edjiohgeyij|cf f hj{eohjce{{j|cf# fyyfhò jcp|edfhpe e co|o i|fèpe ehfyemelece eh zvjhpo i|fèpe è gjcyj|e fè p|vggjpo|e( I|fèpe cj ive |eyioyyeohf |fh`f|â |eiineyyedo co Ypjpo `flfccjhò cj `|jddjpeij



`fcc-Vodo# f ioh pvppe mce jcp|e r|ehiere `fccj ypfyyj Ioypepv{eohf Fv|orfj( Ypjdrj `fe yocè `j rj|pf`fcco Ypjpo hoh ehèyrfhyjlecf jhinf `j wj|ef jcp|f jhmocj{eohe# fyyfhò yvggeiefhpf inf co Ypjpo cerjmne jccj LIF/LÈ jc df|o ioypo perom|jgeio# o jhinf yoco inf cf ljhinf ifhp|jce eyi|ewjho iodf îowweo jcc-jppewo cf ljhiohopf inf i|fjho f we rjmneho cf pjyyf; ioyj inf hoh |eyocwf pvppo ec r|olcfdj#dj ljypj j` j||eiine|ie f j` fwe`fh{ej|f cj i|edehjcepâ `fcc-jppvjcf yeypfdj( P|vggf cj ive yfm|fpj{eohf

eh pjhpj èym|j{ej po|hj vpecf hfccf ijvyf rf| ec |edlo|yo `fc yemho|jmmeo r|edj|eo eh |jmeohf è<>(222 fv|o j ieppjèho ! e `jhhe hoh rjp|edohejce# roeinå# hoh ropfhò if|po `fppf p|vggf fyyf|fr|fweypf rf| cfmmf# hoh we yoho oypjioce ho|djpewe j |edvowf|cf .cj yfhpfh{j `fccf Yf{eohe Vhepf:7=6:/27 wf|pf eh jcp|j gjppeyrfief rf|inå cj |fcjpewj iepj{eohf eh pfdj è yemho|jmmeo r|edj|eo hohiomcef hfc yfmho( Gf|dj |fypjhò cj oll|ol|eoyepâ `fc r|oèmj|ye `fccf Y(V( j hfmj|f è jwf|fmev|eyè{eohf yvccf rocepeinf fiohodeinf `fmce Ypjpe# odfppfhò rf|ü è jwf|f mev|eyè{eohf yvei|edehe# f inf ehocp|f cf rocepeinf ye ljyjho yvccf cfmme# `fccf zvjce ye rvü yfdr|f yoypfhf|fc-eccfmeppedepâ(% R|jyye zvfypf `fccj LIF iodf `fccj Gf`f|jc \fyf|wf# `fccj Ljha og Fhmcjh`# Ljhij`fc Mejrrohf# Ljhij `fccj Iehj# fiifpf|j# iohp|o cf zvjce hoh î wf|o inf hfyyvho f hfyyvh Rjfyfrvü hvccj# rf|inå hoh jrrfhj djmeyp|jpv|j# rocepeij f` ehgo|dj{eohf ehe{ef|jhho j gj|f ec co|o òwf|fzvfype doyp|e yj|jhho yiohgeppe eh vh ljcfho1 f yf hoh co gj|jhho yj|jhho p|jwocpe co ypfyyo ehyefdf je

co|o df{{jhe1 m|j{ef j` Ehpf|hfp; cj hvowj jccfjh{j(

Jww( Jcgohyo Cveme Dj||jnppr;//}}}(dj||j(ep/òivdfhpe/yemho|jmmeo(rnr

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Pvppo inej|o yvcc―fiohodej? Ljn* Frrv|f co|o î ioyã inf omme ie gjhho mvf||j( Yã# iohp ehvjhoj`vyj|f jhio|j cf j|de# dj yeiiodf cf mvf||f reõ m|jhè ye iodljppoho hfe Rjfye eh ive co|o ypfyyewewoho# fiio inf e iocre j||ewjho `jc iodrvpf|( Zvjcinf rj|ocj eh reõ? Ec pepoco èif pvppo‧

‧ CF LJHINF GEHJH[EJHO E MOWF\HE E ZVJCE @JHHO E YOC@E JCCF LJHINF(((

Ieoî `j vhj rj|pf i―î vh ij|oyfcco we|pvjcf# f `jcc―jcp|o vh – yji|egeieo— èyvdjho( Me|j inf pe |eme|jyejdo hoe j gehjh{ej|f cf Ljhinf f p|jdepf è fyyf cf Ocemj|inef inf iodjh`jho ec dohò(

@E M[ iol|jg(iod

C-vheij ioyj inf iohpj omme# yej rf| e df|ijpe inf e mowf|he yoho cf Ljhinf# ec i|fèpo f cf ljhinfifhp|jce( Pvppo zvfcco inf cfmme yvcc-fiohodej f cj i|eye î |ewocpo eh yoypjh{j pfhf|f j mjccj cf

Ljhinf( @fccf edr|fyf m|jhè f reiiocf# `fcc-eh`vyp|ej# `fmce j|pemejhe# `fc ioddf|ieo# `fccj

lecjhiej `fe rjmjdfhpe# `fccj pfihocomej# `fccf |fmocjdfhpj{eohe# `fccf gjdemcef f `fe co|o `flepe(((è pvppo ec |fypo ehyoddj# hoh g|fmj hefhpf(

J` fyfdreo e df|ijpe yfdl|jho pfhf|f hfmce vcpede meo|he rf|inî omme cj LIF nj r|fypjpo p|jdepfjypj 0>5 decej|è è fv|o jc doèio ioypo `fcc-:&# rf| cj `v|jpj è p|f jhhe# jccf djmmeo|e ljhinffv|orff( Zvfypo î vh |eyvcpjpo pfihocomeio# eh`vyp|ejcf f` fiohodeio lfcceyyedo# è ive fyyf|f gef|e finf gj yfhpe|f ypjyf|j dfmceo pvppe eh omhe ijyj# `j Iorfhjmnfh j Ye|jivyj(

Iodf dje cf ljhinf ye yoho gjppf r|fypj|f 0>5 decej|è `jc mowf|ho?

Lfn((( yv 9(522 decej|è è `froyepe eh I/i cf ljhinf fv|orff njhho jc dodfhpo ie|ij yoco <22

decej|è è ijyn# yocè iohpjhpe# zvfcce inf e |jrehjpo|e inefòho zvjhò fhp|jho ioh cj reypocj( J` fyfdreo hfc <2:< e mowf|he `fcc-fv|o{ohj `fwoho |egehjh{ej|f ie|ij :(=22 decej|è è `flepe f cfljhinf cj dfpâ ie|ij( F Cf ljhinf ypjhho `jc <2:2 iodr|jhò pepoce è ypjpo# jh{e ce iodr|jho

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zvjye yoco co|o# rf| ive e mowf|he njhho leyomho inf cf ljhinf ce gehjh{eho( F j co|o wocpj rf|ü cfljhinf njhho leyomho inf e mowf|he èjho co|o yocè( Yfdl|j vh mjppo inf ye do|`f cj io`j# vhdfiijheydo ie|iocj|f ? If|po * Rf|inî co î * Yoho decej|è inf wfhmoho i|fjpe `jc hefhpf f me|jhojwjhpe f ehèfp|o hfc ie|ivepo gehjh{ej|eo f ljhij|eo yfh{j zvjye poiij|f c-fiohodej |fjcf *

Ec p|viio î gj|co yfh{j inf ye hope inf omhe ygo|{o f r|owwfèdfhpo `fe mowf|he î eh r|jpeij |ewocpo jehjh{ej|f cf ljhinf .Hopj Lfhf; iohp|j|ejdfhpf j zvfcco inf ye rfhyj f jhio|j ehyfmhjho j

yivocj# cf ljhinf hoh gehjh{ejho c-fiohodej# î c-fiohodej# gjdemcef f edr|fyf inf gehjh{ejho rf| co reõ cf ljhinf((( J` fyfdreo c-jvypf|epâ# cf ypjhmjpf f e yji|egeie è Dohpe# [jrjpf|o# Rjrjòrvcoy#Yj|ao{u((( yoho |ewocpe j gj| rjmj|f e `flepe wf|yo ljhinf fypf|f# yoypjh{ejcdfhpf( Rf| c-fiohodejyoho `jhhoye# yf|woho j rjmj|f ehpf|fyye jccj |fhèpj gehjh{ej|ej%(

J è|f cj wf|epâ jhinf vh iefio òw|fllf vh roio ehpve|co weypo inf iodf r|edo deheyp|o eh M|fiej îypjpo ehypjccjpo vh ljhinef|f# Rjrj`fdoy# eh oppol|f f eh Epjcej eh howfdl|f hfc hvowo mowf|ho èjppo iodjh`j Io||jò Rjyyf|j è Ljhij Ehpfyj f Dj|eo Dohpe r|fh`f o|èhe è|fppjdfhpf `jccj

LIF( Ec rvhpo î inf pvppo ec |fypo `fcc-fiohodej iohpj ie|ij {f|o o|j# rf| ive iohwefhf if|ij|f è

ijre|f e dfiijheyde f cf djhow|f inf |emvj|`jho cf goppvpf ljhinf;

e% `j cvmceo cj LIF nj ehe{ejpo j iodr|j|f ie|ij 7$5 decej|è è fv|o è pepoce è ypjpo epjcejhe# ro|pomnfye# yrjmhoce# m|fie# e|cjh`fye j yfppedjhj f` î j||ewjpj o|j j <<2 decej|è

ee% yedvcpjhfjdfhpf yfdr|f `j djmmeo$mevmho cf ljhinf ifhp|jce `fe rjfye ,`floce, eh fv|orj yeyoho gjppf r|fypj|f `jccj Ljhij Ifhp|jcf ocjh`fyf f pf`fyij ie|ij 062 decej|è è fv|o# p|jdepf,PJ\MFP <, .vyjho hode eh ioèif iodf hfe gecd è 22= f hfcco yreohjmmeo rf|inî cf djyyf hohijreyijho%(

eee% Ec 0 èifdl|f ec mowf|ho Dohpe nj ehyf|epo hfc `fi|fpo `fcc-jvypf|epâ vhj ho|dj rf| ive e loh`yljhij|e yoho mj|jhpepe `jcco ypjpo .hoh iodrcfpjdfhpf% f co ypfyyo jwfwjho gjppo dfye gj E|cjh`j fRo|pomjcco

ew% yfdr|f je r|ede è èifdl|f @|jmne f cj LIF njhho jhhvhiejpo cj i|fj{eohf è vhj ioyjinejdjpj ,cohm pf|d |fgehjhiehm orf|jpeoh, .o ,CP\O,%# vh jypj è cezveèpâ ioh ive cj LIF dfppfj èyroye{eohf `fccf ljhinf fv|orff inf hf gjhho |einefypj pvppj cj cezveèpâ è ive njhho leyomhoj` vh if|po pjyyo( Jppvjcdfhpf cf orf|j{eohe è CP\O `fccj LIF yoho p|edfyp|jce# dj e r|fypepe yohoeho j p|f jhhe f royyoho j||ewj|f j 722 decej|è( Cj LIF inef`f jccf ljhinf inf rj|pfierjho

jcc―jypj vh ,ioc cjpf|jcf,# zvjcioyj eh rfmho èiejdo# rf| mj|jhpe|f ec i|fèpo oppfhvpo( Ec pjyyojrrceijpo `jccj LIF î –zvjcioyj è reõ— `fcc―Fv|elo| j 9d ieoî o|j ie|ij c&( ZVFYPJ HOH F-

CO YPJDRJ\F DOHFPJ ICJYYEIO# DJ VH JLECF P\VIIO INF YFDL\J @\JMNE JLLEJ EHWFHPJPO JYYEFDF JE G\JHIFYE RF\ EHIJYP\J\F E PF@FYINE

w% Ef|e Ehpfyj f Vhei|fèp njhho inefypo vggeiejcdfhpf inf e co|o loh`y royyjho fyyf|f vyjpe iodf,ioccjpf|jcf,# ieoî zvjcioyj inf wefhf `jpo eh rfmho# jcc-ehpf|ho è zvfypo hvowo r|om|jddj CP\Oè ive jc rj|jm|jgo r|fif`fhpf( .Zvfypo rf|inî e pf`fyine |odrfwjho e dj|ohe inf leyomhjwj

r|fypj|f yoco yf i-î vhj zvjcinf mj|jh{ej((%

we% eh jmmevhpj zvjcinf meo|ho gj ec mowf|ho Dohpe nj rjyyjpo vhj ho|dj rf| ive co ypjpo wfh`f jccfljhinf lfhe rvllceie pero eddolece# ijyf|df f pf||fhe f zvfypf j co|o wocpj i|fjho ollcemj{eoheij|pocj|e{{jpf ljyjpf yv zvfype lfhe f roe ce `jhho eh cfjyehm jcco ypjpo .*%( Eh zvfypo doò ye |efyif

j i|fj|f jlecdfhpf `fc ,Ioccjpf|jcf,# zvjcioyj inf cf ljhinf royyoho `j|f j mj|jh{ej `fe yocè inf`fwoho r|fh`f|f j r|fypepo rf| ypj|f j mjccj



wee% p|j ef|e f omme e df|ijpe yoho yjcepe rf|inî njhho ehpvepo inf ec cjhieo è zvfypo ,CP\O,# r|fweypo rf| omme# jw|fllf doyyo ifhpehjej è decej|è( Jccf :2;06 î vyiepo ec |eyvcpjpo `fcc-jypj fwoecâ# 0>5 decej|è yoho ypjpe ,jccoijpe, jccf ljhinf fv|orff `jccj LIF# yocè r|fypjpe rf| 9 jhhejcc-:&# è ive zvjye <22 decej|è î `fhj|o g|fyio f ec |fypo |egehjh{ej `flepe fyeypfhpe .Hopj; ecdf|ijpo nj if`vpo yvc dodfhpo omme rf|inî e p|j`f| inf yoho emho|jhpe f yvrf|geiejce hoh ye f|jho

jiio|pe inf è 0>5 decej|è yoco <22 decej|è f|j `fhj|o g|fyio# cj ieg|j popjcf f|j djmmeo|f `fccf r|fweyeohe# dj cj rj|pf ,g|fyij, hoh pjhpo%

E deheyp|e `fccf Gehjh{f# cf ljhinf ifhp|jce# ec Gohò Dohfpj|eo f e ljhinef|e .inf yoho roe cj ypfyyjioyj%((( yrf|jho inf ioh zvfypj r|edj loppj `j <22 decej|è cf ljhinf o|j iodr|eho LPR#Pfyolohoy yrjmhoce# loh`y ro|pomnfye# e|cjh`fye pfhfhò j mjccj mce ypjpe( F ioyã jccf r|oyyedf jypfp|edfyp|jce(

F eh zvfypo doò mce jypvpe epjcejhe f g|jhifye rfhyjhò è ehijyp|j|f e pf`fyine f ocjh`fye `fccj LIF rf| ifhpehjej è decej|è(((

Zvjcivho nj yfmvepo cj ypo|ej geho eh gohò ? No if|ijpo è ioco|e|cj vh roio rf|inî cj gjhhoiodrceijpj rf| dfppf|pfcj dfmceo eh zvfc roypo# dj zvfypj F- C-VHEIJ WEIFH@J JC DODFHPO

J IVE R\FYPJ\F JPPFH[EOHF# e df|ijpe f e mowf|he èrfhòho ehpf|jdfhpf `j zvfypj yedrjpeijypo|ej((((

Ceha; nppr;//}}}(iol|jg(iod/go|vd/ioocroyp(rnr?porei_e`407<7'|frcu_e`49<=75=

<:(:<(<2::

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Rfhyf|fpf; iodf njhho ropvpo j||ewj|f j pjhpo* Ine mcefco nj rf|dfyyo? Gjiiejdo vh yjcpo ehèfp|o(

PFYO\O @FCCJ EM GJ\LFH $ @J NEPCF\ JC EW \FEIN .HVOWO O\@EHF DOH@EJCF%

Ij|pfcco rfp|ocinedeio EM Gj|lfh( @jc yoypfmho jc Hj{eydo jccf mforocepeinf Hfoioh

nppr;//go|vd(fyiomepv|(iod/eh`f~(rnr/porei#6:>=:(dym75525(npdc)dym75525

Ij|pfcco rfp|ocinedeio$rj|pf :; cj EM Gj|lfh

No `fieyo è yi|ewf|f jcivhe j|peioce yvc ij|pfcco rfp|ocinedeio# yv iodf ye ehyehve rfyjhpfdfhpf`fhp|o cj wepj yoiejcf f rf|yohjcf è omhvho è hoe# yv iodf orf|e iohè{eohjhò cj hop|j wepj f cjhoyp|j yjcvpf( Cj pfye inf yoypfhmo î inf zvfypo ij|pfcco orf|e jhio|j yoppo c-fme`j hj{eypj# f rf|èdoyp|j|co ehe{ef|ü rj|cjhò `fe hj{eype f `fccj EM Gj|lfh(

Cj EM Gj|lfh gv c-vheio m|jh`f gehjh{ejpo|f `fccj ijdrjmhj rf| c-fcf{eohf è Jòcg Nepcf|( Vh jhhor|edj inf Nepcf| r|fh`fyyf ec ropf|f hfc :599# cj EM Gj|lfh òhü 022(222 dj|ine j cve f jc yvorj|pepo hj{eypj( @e iohyfmvfh{j# zvjhò ec rj|pepo hj{eypj jh`ü jc ropf|f# cj EM Gj|lfh gv c-vheij jp|j||f r|ogeppe `jccj Yfioh`j Mvf||j Dohèjcf .YMD% f `jc yjiinfmmeo `fcc-Fv|orj `j rj|pf `fehj{eype( Ec ifhpo rf| ifhpo è pvppe mce fyrcoyewe f `fccj lfh{ehj yehpfpeij r|owfhewj `jccf gjll|einf`fccj EM Gj|lfh(

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Ec P|elvhjcf è Ho|edlf|mj èweyf cj EM Gj|lfh eh Ljuf|# Nofinyp f LJYG( Omme# omhvhj `fccf p|fyoiefpâ gemcef `fccj EM Gj|lfh î <2 wocpf reõ m|jh`f è zvjhpo cj EM Gj|lfh dj`|f goyyf jc djyyedo`fc yvo ywecvrro hfc :500# vcpedo jhho `fccj yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf( Ioyj reõ edro|pjhpf# rf|zvjye p|fhp-jhhe òro cj yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf e r|fye`fhpe `fc iohyemceo è jddeheyp|j{eohf# cjij|eij reõ jcpj# è LJYG# Ljuf| f Nofinyp# gv|oho f~ dfdl|e `fc rj|pepo hj{eypj( Q:T

Dj ine gehjh{eü cj EM Gj|lfh?

Yi|ewf Jhpohu I( Yvppoh hfc yvo ,]jcc Yp|ffp jh` pnf \eyf og Nepcf|, inf ,yfh{j e ijrepjce oggf|pe `j]jcc Yp|ffp hoh ie yj|fllf ypjpj hfyyvhj EM Gj|lfh eh r|edo cvomo# f zvjye yeiv|jdfhpf hfyyvhNepcf| hî Yfioh`j Mvf||j Dohèjcf,(

Cj EM Gj|lfh ehe{eü cj yvj jppewepâ hfc :5<0 zvjhò ec ljhinef|f Jdf|eijho Inj|cfy @j}fy jiio|`üvhj yf|ef è r|fypepe fypf|e rf| vh popjcf è >22 deceohe è òccj|e .è jcco|j% rf| iohyoce`j|f er|o`vppo|e `fccj inedeij f `fcc-jiiejeo eh ij|pfcce# vho `fe zvjce gv cj EM Gj|lfh# hjpj `jccj gvyeohf èèwf|yf j{efh`f( Pvppo ieü î yfiohò Ij||occ Zvemcfu# r|ogfyyo|f è \fjcj{eohe Ehpf|hj{eohjce jccj

Mfo|mfpo}h Vhewf|yepu# ,jdrejdfhpf vhj r|o`v{eohf K(R( Do|mjh,(

Cj EM Gj|lfh gv gehjh{ejpj `jccf yfmvfhpe yoiefpâ è ]jcc Yp|ffp;

@eccoh# \fj` ' Io(# Nj||ey# Go|lfy ' Io(# f Hjpeohjc Iepu(Q<T

Reõ |fifhpfdfhpf ye î r|ohvhiejpo eh gjwo|f è zvfypj pfye jhinf ec |fmeypj Ocewf| Ypohf; ,Jòcg Nepcf| f|j vho ryeiorjpeio f` vh doyp|o dj jh`ü jc ropf|f m|j{ef j` jddeheyp|jpo|e è m|oyyfiodrjmhef f j` jcp|e yoypfhepo|e inf jrr|f{{jwjho ec yvo wopo è èyp|vmmf|f ec iodvheydo fiohp|occj|f e cjwo|jpo|e,Q9T

Ec rvllceio deheypf|o jdf|eijho `fc P|elvhjcf rf| e i|edehe è mvf||j è Ho|edlf|mj r|fgemv|üzvfypo yifhj|eo iohp|o cj EM Gj|lfh èifhò;

,Zvfype fyrohfhpe `fccj EM Gj|lfh f hoh e rj{{e gjhjpeie hj{eype yoho e r|ehierjce i|edehjce è mvf||j(Yf e co|o i|edehe hoh wf||jhho ro|pjpe jccj cvif f rvhepe# |jrr|fyfhpf|jhho vhj dehjiiej rf| cj gvpv|jrjif `fc dohò jhio|j reõ m|jh`f inf yf Necpcf| goyyf jhio|j wewo,(Q:T

Rv|porro rf| pvppe hoe cf ioyf jh`j|oho èwf|yjdfhpf( Hoh yoco pvppe mce edrejhpe `fccj EM Gj|lfhvyie|oho eccfye `je lodlj|`jdfhpe `fccj YMD# dj cj yoiefpâ iohpehvü ehèypv|ljpj j` orf|j|fhohoypjhpf goyyf ypjpj vggeiejdfhpf cezve`jpj hfc :56<# jc rvhpo inf hfc :57= orf|ü vhj koehp$

wfhpv|f ioh vh jcp|o iocoyyo inedeio; cj Dohyjhpo .zvfccj `fcc-Jmfhp O|jhmf# `fcc-jyrj|pjdf è\vdygefc` yv ive po|hf|ü eh vh jcp|o j|peioco%( @j zvfypj gvyeohf hjyif|â cj Infdjm|o} io|ro|jpeoh#ioh rf|yohjcf zvjcegeijpo deypo pf`fyio f jdf|eijho f yrfiejce{{jpj eh infdeijc }j|gj|f jmfhpy(

Ioh lvohj rjif `fc P|elvhjcf è Ho|edlf|mj# pvppe e <0 iohyemcef|e `fccj EM Gj|lfh# yfllfhf |epfhvpeiocrfwoce è mfhoieèo# è yinejwepõ f` jcp|e i|edehe# gv|oho zvjye yvlepo celf|jpe m|j{ef jccjdfèj{eohf `fcc-f~$deheyp|o `fccf Gehjh{f Yinjinp# f |efhp|j|oho j refho pepoco hfe wf|peie`fcc-fiohodej pf`fyij(

Wefhf `j inef`f|ye iodf dje ie gv vh jiijhedfhpo pjcf iohp|o e iewece jddjyyjpe j @|fy`j .`je|fyoiohpe `fe recope Ehmcfye yfdl|j inf goyyf ypjpo `fppo co|o inf cã i-f|j vh m|oyyo lf|yjmceo decepj|f

f` eh`vyp|ejcf# ioyj jyyocvpjdfhpf gjcyj% f hoh ie gv hfyyvhj j{eohf iohp|o mce ypjlecedfhpe infjwfwjho eh zvjcinf doò ,ehwfhpjpo, ec hj{eydo f cj YMD rf| r|ogeppe yoiefpj|e( P|owo ehwf|oyedecfinf e Yf|we{e Yfm|fpe `fccj hj{eohe ioehwocpf hfccj YMD hoh goyyf|o jc io||fhpf è òwf wfhewj



r|oòppj cj lfh{ehj yehpfpeij f pvppj cj inedeij hfifyyj|ej rf| gj| r|om|fè|f c-oiivrj{eohf hj{eypj ehFv|orj(

Vhj dfh{eohf rj|peiocj|f df|epj Jvyin}ep{ inf hoh f|j# iodf docpe i|fòho# vh ijdro èiohifhp|jdfhpo dj vh ijdro è cjwo|o ehpf|jdfhpf gehjh{ejpo `jccj EM Gj|lfh( Cj yp|vppv|j f|j ec

reõ m|oyyo iodrcfyyo eh`vyp|ejcf `fc dohò rf| cj r|o`v{eohf è lfh{ehj yehpfpeij f moddj(

Edrfmhj|oho ocp|f 522 deceohe è dj|ine rf| ioyp|ve|co# f hoh wocfwjho |eyine( Oiio||fwjho zvehè`fccf yoce`f mj|jh{ef `j rj|pf `fe hj{eype(

Ij|c A|jvin f|j ec dfdl|o `fc iohyemceo è jddeheyp|j{eohf `fccj EM Gj|lfh .reiioco ehieyo; goh`üioh cj Ypjh`j|` Oec cj Koehp Jdf|eijh Ypvù Iodrjhu $Kjyio$ hfc :592‧i-î `j yi|ewf|f vh jcp|ocvhmo j|peioco yve |jrro|pe p|j rfp|ocef|e VYJ f hj{eype% ehij|eijpo è pfyyf|f cf |fcj{eohe hfifyyj|ef jclvoh fyepo `fcc-orf|j{eohf ioh cf mf|j|inef hj{eypf(Q0T Ehijyyü r|edj c-jrrommeo è Mof|ehm# f hfcGfll|jeo `fc :50: c-jyyeiv|j{eohf è Neddcf| .ec ijro `fccf YY% j go|he|f ,ec reõ jdreo hvdf|oroyyelecf è cjwo|jpo|e fèce, rf| c-edrejhpo eh ioyp|v{eohf(

Cj EM Gj|lfh jw|fllf rjmjpo 9 dj|ine jc meo|ho rf| omhe cjwo|jpo|f ehfyrf|po f 0 dj|ine rf| omhecjwo|jpo|f fyrf|po( Eh yfmvepo cf YY ogg|e|oho ljdlehe rf| :#6 dj|ine( Owwejdfhpf e |ficvye hoh|eifwfwjho dje hvccj# yf hoh zvjcinf lohvy pero yemj|fppf( Pjhpo cf YY inf cj EM Gj|lfh ijciocj|ohoinf eh zvfccj yepvj{eohf cj r|o`v{eohf jw|fllf jwvpo vh-fggeiefh{j rj|e jc =6& rj|jmohjpj j zvfccjè cjwo|jpo|e Pf`fyine lfh hvp|epe(Q6T

Zve ypejdo rj|cjhò `fc ij|pfcco inf nj edroypo cf |fmocf `fcco ywecvrro eh pvppo ec dohò# vhij|pfcco è ehpoiijlece yvrf|r|opfppe inf hohoypjhpf cf lfccf rj|ocf `fc P|elvhjcf è Ho|edlf|mj jccjgehf `fccj YMD ye î |ep|owjpj ioh ypjlecedfhpe f wf|peie rf|gfppjdfhpf ehyf|epe hfc yeypfdj r|o`vppewo(Ehwfif è |j`f|f jc yvoco cf gjll|einf f gviecj|f mce ehwfhpo|e è Jvyin}ep{ .ec reõ r|ogeivocjlo|jpo|eo inedeio dje dfyyo eh refè%# jccj gehf `fccj YMD cf gjll|einf EM Gj|lfh hf vyiewjhoeccfyf rf| iohpehvj|f j r|o`v||f reõ è r|edj f` e wf|peie wfhewjho |feddfyye hfe co|o roypeè|emfh{ejce roio òro(

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C-OHV ypedj :62 deceohe è do|pe royyelece j yfmvepo `fccj rjh`fdejQ6T

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ljc{o eh jwjhpe `fc 72& hfcc-vcpedo jhho yvccj yiej `fe lfhfgeie `f|ewjhpe `jc Pjdegcv— Q0T(

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Hf yejdo r|or|eo yeiv|e?

Eh |fjcpâ ioh cj gehf `fccj YMD ye jr|oho yifhj|e jlljypjh{j ehzvefpjhpe( Ec r|edo yifhj|eo |emvj|`jcj pfihocomej hj{eypj# ommfppo è ehpfhyf |eif|inf `j rj|pf `fmce Jccfjpe inf jwfwjho pvppf cf

ehpfh{eohe è jiijrj||j|yfcf( Orf|jpeoh Rjrf|icer gv ec hodf eh ioèif `fc |ficvpjdfhpo è yiefh{ejpehj{eype# lurjyyjhò zvjcyejye p|elvhjcf ehpf|hj{eohjcf(

]( woh L|jvh f|j dfdl|o `fc rj|pepo hj{eypj f` vggeiejcf YY hohinî r|omfppeypj j Rffhfdóh`f `fepfdelece W< inf ijvyj|oho rj|fiinef demcejej è do|pe f `fiehf è demcejej è gf|epe( E W< wfhewjhojyyfdlcjpe hfc weieho ijdro è iohifhp|jdfhpo è Deppfcljv$@o|j eh iohè{eohe èyvdjhf# pjhpoinf rf| zvfc yoco r|omfppo ye ijciocj do|e|oho <2(222 cjwo|jpo|e/yinejwe( Rfhyjpf yej ypjpo r|oifyyjpoj Ho|edlf|mj rf| i|edehe iohp|o c-vdjhepâ? Gv ehwfif p|jygf|epo r|fyyo R(O( Lo~ ::0<# vhj r|emeohfyfm|fpeyyedj r|fyyo Go|p Nvhp# We|mehej# rf| èwfhpj|f roe ec è|fppo|f `fccj HJYJ(

@fypehe jhjcomne fllf|o e yvoe ioccjlo|jpo|e è Rffhfdóh`f e zvjce `fieyf|o inf f|j docpo reõiohwfhefhpf j||fh`f|ye jmce jdf|eijhe# f` fwepj|f ioyã e doè reõ l|vyine `fe |vyye( Jhinf ec Mfh(](@o|hlf|mf|# è|fppo|f `fc ifhp|o è Rffhfdóh`f jccj gehf f hohoypjhpf cf yvf fwe`fhpe iocrfèwfhpü vh rf{{o m|oyyo `fcc-jwej{eohf VYJ(

Av|p Lcodf# inf jddeyf è jwf|f fggfppvjpo ,wjiiehe, yv r|emeohef|e f` jwf|f r|jpeijpo c-fvpjhjyej.owwf|o viieyeohf è r|emeohef|e jddjcjpe%# hohinî jwf|f yrf|edfhpjpo mce fggfppe `fc mjy hf|wehoYj|eh yv ehpf|hjpe è Jvyin}ep{( Hfc :56: gv j||vocjpo r|fyyo c-V(Y( J|du Infdeijc Io|ry rf|iohpehvj|f e yvoe ehpf|fyyjhpe fyrf|edfhpe yvccj mvf||j inedeij f ljppf|eocomeij( Owwejdfhpf cj ceypj`fmce yiefh{ejpe hj{eype jyyoc`jpe `jcc-fypjlceyndfhp eh`vyp|ejc$decepj|f VYJ î docpo cvhmj(

Zvfypo l|fwf ehieyo ie ro|pj jc yfiohò r|foiivrjhpf yifhj|eo; cj |ewjcepâ VYJ$V\YY( @e g|ohpf jpjcf l|jiieo è gf||o .inf hfc me|o è roineyyedo ygoif|â hfccj Mvf||j G|f``j% cj zvfypeohf



,r|oifyyj|f e hj{eype, èwfhhf yfioh`j|ej# jcdfho `jc rvhpo è weypj VYJ(

Jh{e; e hj{eype iodehiej|oho j` fyyf|f mevèijpe rfèhf edro|pjhpe eh oppeij jhpeiodvheypj( Ec gf|oifjhpeiodvheydo `fe hj{eype jh`jwj r|fyf|wjpo# f cj mevype{ej hfe iohg|ohpe `fe deceohe è weppedfijvyjpf `je co|o `fce|e edrf|ejceype jh`jwj yfdrceifdfhpf èdfhpeijpj hfc hodf `fccj hvowj wocohpâ

fmfdoheij VYJ(

Eh zvfypo yfhyo ec r|oifyyo è Ho|edlf|mj èwfhpj vhj gj|yj rorvceypj vpecf j ior|e|f cj |fjcf wocohpâVYJ è yf|we|ye `fe hj{eype# ioh`jhhjhòhf zvjcivho rf| pfhf|ye lvohj c-oreheohf rvllceij(

Hfccj |fjce{{j{eohf è zvfypo r|omfppo mce VYJ p|owjho vh go|de`jlecf jccfjpo; ec Wjpeijho# `jyfdr|f edrfmhjpo j iodljppf|f ec iodvheydo# |fo è jpfeydo(

M|j{ef zvehè jccj iodrceiepâ `fc Wjpeijho f jccj ,djheij cj|mj, `fccj I|oif \oyyj# gv|oho eypepvepf`fccj \jpcehf .wef è gvmj% rf| pvppe e hj{eype# jhinf rf| ioco|o inf ye f|jho djiinejpe `fe reõ fggf|jpei|edehe iohp|o iewece(

Yi|ewf Wehifhp cj Weypj# jmfhpf `fc Iovhpf| Ehpfccemfhif Io|r .IEI%; ,hoh î if|po edroyyelecf rf|inevhzvf hf yej ehpf|fyyjpo# |eifwf|f vh òivdfhpo è e`fhpepâ `fccj I|oif \oyyj Ehpf|hj{eohjcfm|j{ef je lvohe vggeie è fyrohfhpe `fccj Inefyj ijppoceij( Ye p|jppj è òivdfhpe inf wfhmoho|ecjyiejpe yfh{j jcivhj wf|egeij `fcc-e`fhpepâ `fc |einef`fhpf f yv ive è g|fzvfhpf iodrjeoho `jpejhjm|jgeie geppe{e,Q:T

Co ypfyyo Cj Weypj yi|ewf# hfc |jrro|po Por$Yfi|fp Ynoiaf` O(O:<>/6$:60= yvcc-fdem|j{eohfeccfmjcf `jcc- Epjcej hfc òromvf||j; ,Rf| zvfc inf |emvj|`j e rjfye cjpeho jdf|eijhe# òwf cj Inefyj îvhj eypepv{eohf òdehjhpf# ec Wjpeijho nj gjppo r|fyyeohf yve iohyocjpe r|fyfhpe hfccj Yjhpj Yf`f f cfdeyyeohe r|fyfhpe j \odj‧ inf njhho roe gjwo|epo c-fhp|jpj è f~ hj{eype o f~ gjyieype‧ eh zvjhpojhpe$iodvheype,(Q<T

We gv|oho wfyiowe iodf Jcoey Nv`jc .meâ jvpo|f è vh cel|o# ,E goh`jdfhpe `fc hj{eohjcyoiejceydo,eh ègfyj `fe ,wjco|e, hj{eype% inf oyrepj|oho r|edj f gfif|o è yfmvepo gvmme|f rf{{e m|oyye `fchj{eydo jvyp|ejio f pf`fyio# f r|fpe iodf rj`|f @|jmjhowei inf ye r|fyf|o j ivo|f cf yo|pe `fmcevypjyiej iocrfwoce `fcco ypf|deheo è vh deceohf p|j yf|le# fl|fe# {ehmj|e f rj|pemejhe# |evyifhò j gj|fdem|j|f eh J|mfhpehj ec èppjpo|f Jhpf Rjwfcei f` ec yvo deheyp|o `fccj Roce{ej Jh`|ekj J|pvaowei1 fpvppj vhj yf|ef è r|fcjpe edrfmhjpe j yjcwj|f hj{eype è omhe hj{eohjcepâ# orf|jhò eh lvohj j|dohejioh ec IEI inf mvj|`jwj ioh ehpf|fyyf pvppe zvfe i|edehjce è mvf||j inf ehwfif è fyyf|f gviecjpe rf|cf co|o fwe`fhpe iocrf wfhewjho dfyye eh yjcwo(

Hfc io|yo `fccf eh`jmehe yvc icjdo|oyo ijyo Acjvy Lj|lef .ec loej è Ceohf yijrrjpo eh Yv`jdf|eij%wfhhf|o |fye rvllceie `fiehf è òivdfhpe inf iohgf|djwjho eh doò jyyocvpo inf @|jmjhoweicjwo|jwj rf| e yf|we{e yfm|fpe jdf|eijhe( Eh vho è zvfype ye èinej|jwj; ,@e g|ohpf je pfhpjpeweG|jhifye f Pf`fyine è j||fypj|co# ec 77² èypjiijdfhpo `fc IEI c-nj p|jygf|epo eh Yv`jdf|eij( Mce îypjpo `jpo vh òivdfhpo j hodf Acjvy Jcpdjhh f` î ypjpo ehyfèjpo eh Locewej rjyyjhò rf| c-Epjcej,Q9T

Eh vh jcp|o dfdo|jh`vd yfm|fpo `fccj IEJ `fc 6 Jr|cf :57= ye cfmmf; ,Cf jiivyf è i|edehe èmvf||j iohp|o Jcpdjhh .Lj|lef% hfifyyepjho è yf|ej iohye`f|j{eohf( F- fwe`fhpf inf yf ye yior|eyyfec iohp|elvpo `fc IEI jccj yvj gvmj `jccj Mf|djhej ie rop|fllf|o fyyf|f iohyfmvfh{f docpo m|jwe rf|

ec mowf|ho jdf|eijho( Yj|fllf pvppjwej jhio|j reõ m|jwf yf we goyyf ec yoyrfppo .o ye |evyieyyf jèdoyp|j|f% inf Jcpdjhh eh zvfypo dodfhpo ypj cjwo|jhò rf| hoe(, Q0T



Hfc cel|o ,\jpcehfy, è Jj|oh f Cogpvy inf ye ljyj yv djpf|ejce `fccj IEJ# wefhf ijciocjpo inf hfccjyocj Jdf|eij Cjpehj j||ewj|oho reõ è 92(222 i|edehjce hj{eype f gjyieype eh gvmj(

J zvfypo hvdf|o wjhho owwejdfhpf jmmevhpe pvppe e hj{eype è Orf|j{eohf Rjrf|icer f` e hj{eype inf|fypj|oho eh Fv|orj# yrfiejcdfhpf eh Mf|djhej(

Ye p|jppj è vh fyf|iepo è i|edehjce inf wfhhf iohyjrfwocdfhpf cjyiejpo celf|o è jme|f hfc hodf`fcc-jhpeiodvheydo(

,Mce Jccfjpe yoyrfyf|o cf eh`jmehe rf| ijppv|j|f e i|edehjce è mvf||j f rf|deyf|o iohyjrfwocdfhpfinf f~ gvh{eohj|e hj{eype f` vggeiejce `fccf YY# mevèie f` jcp|e iodf co|o cfmjpe jc hj{eydojyyvdfyyf|o roype è |ecefwo hfc mowf|ho f hfcc-eh`vyp|ej `fccj \frvllceij Gf`f|jcf Pf`fyij(,

Kjdfy Decjho# ijro fc IEI .Iovhpf| Ehpfccemfhif Io|r%( Q6T

Gv co ypfyyo Ijhifccef|f Aoh|j` J`fhjvf| j mj|jhpe|f# è gjppo# ec |fivrf|o è zvjhpe fllf|o |voce è

|fyrohyjlecepâ# j zvjcyejye cewfcco# `v|jhpf ec |fmedf(

Hoh ye rvü jggf|dj|f inf J`fhjvf| goyyf gecohj{eypj( Dj jhinf cve woccf vpece{{j|f# hfccjiohp|jrroye{eohf p|j Fyp f Owfyp# mce vodehe inf# jccj io|pf è Nepcf|# f|jho èwfhpjpe `fe wf|e fyrf|pe`fccj coppj iohp|o ec iodvheydo( Ec << oppol|f :56< gv ioyp|fppo j` jddfppf|f# |frceijhò jc `frvpjpoF|cf| inf f|j ypjpo ehij|eijpo è |egf|e|f jc Rj|cjdfhpo yvcc―ehgecp|j{eohf hj{eypj hfc deheypf|o `fmceFypf|e; –F|cf| nj èinej|jpo inf reõ ye yjcf eh jcpo hfccf ij|einf `fcco Ypjpo f reõ hj{eype ye p|owjho(Zvfypo î wf|o(

F― wf|o inf ec 77& `fe gvh{eohj|e yoho ypjpe dfdl|e `fc rj|pepo hj{eypj( J deo jwweyo òw|fddoydfppf|cj è `j|f cj ijiiej je hj{eype—( F ye iodro|pü iohyfmvfhpfdfhpf(

Ec wfiineo ljhinef|f è Iocohej# \olf|p Rgf|`dfhmfy# inf f|j ypjpo vho `fe gehjh{ejpo|e `fc |fmedf#fhp|ü j gj| rj|pf `fccj |eyp|fppj if|inej `fe ioccjlo|jpo|e `fc Ijhifccef|f( Roe fcfwü jccj ij|eij èYfm|fpj|eo è Ypjpo Njhy Dj|ej Mcolaf# i|edehjcf è mvf||j rf| cf yvf |fyrohyjlecepâhfcc―fcjlo|j{eohf fccj cfmeycj{eohf jhpefl|jeij(

Hodehü deheyp|o `fe r|ogvmne f yvo iohyemcef|f rf|yohjcf rf| e r|olcfde o|efhpjce Pnfoò|Olf|cjh`f|# rv| yjrfhò inf f|j ypjpo eyp|vppo|f rocepeio `fc ljppjmceohf YY Hjinpmjcc# |fyrohyjlecf`fcc―fiieèo è demcejej è fl|fe rocjiine( Yv :5 deheyp|e inf iodrohfwjho ec mowf|ho `fccj\frvllceij gf`f|jcf hfc :572# :< |eyvcpjwjho iodr|odfyye ioh ec hj{eydo(

Co ypfyyo i|epf|eo è yifcpj wefhf jrrceijpo jhinf rf| c―fyf|iepo( Zvjhò Koyfrn Yp|jvyy |eifwfppfc―ehij|eio è |eioyp|ve|f c-fyf|iepo# jh`ü j iocro yeiv|o( Yvo l|jiieo `fyp|o èwfhhf Jòcg Nfvyehmf| ec zvjcf# iodf ijro `fcc―Vgg eieo orf|j{eohe `fc zvj|pef| mfhf|jcf è Nepcf|# jwfwj è|fppoc―fcjlo|j{eohf `fc rejho Opj|ej rf| c―ehwjyeohf `fcc―Ehmnecpf||j# `fc rejho Jppecj iohp|o cj G|jhiej#`fc rejho Jlfpf rf| c―oiivrj{eohf `fccj Ywe{{f|j# `fc rejho Dj|ep{j iohp|o cj Kvmoycjwej f `fc rejhoLj|lj|oyyj rf| c―ehwjyeohf `fcc―V\YY oiivrjhòye roe `fccj coppj iohp|o e rj|pemejhe eh pvppj Fv|orj(

@j vh―ehinefypj iodrevpj hfc :565 `jc yeh`jijpo `fc yf|we{eo rvllceio# |eyvcpü inf cj zvjye popjcepâ`fe yf|we{e è roce{ej i|edehjcf è @o|pdvh`# Iocohej# Fyyfh# Lohh# @óyyfcò|g# Mfc yfhae|afh#A|fgfc`# Dvncnfed# f|jho hfccf djhe è f~ è|emfhpe `fccf YY inf jwfwjho zvjye pvppe r|fypjpo

yf|we{eo hfccj Yeinf|nfeproce{fe è Neddcf|(

Eh vh―ehpf|rfccjh{j jccj Ijdf|j `fe Iodvhe# ec `frvpjpo ehmcfyf [eccejivy òdjh`ü jc r|fdef|



Nj|oc` DiDeccjh yf jwfwj ehpfh{eohf è inef`f|f j` J`fhjvf| deyv|f iohp|o e :(:66 djmeyp|jpe–|fyrohyjlece è i|edehe iohp|o c―vdjhepâ— inf jhio|j jddeheyp|jwjho cj mevype{ej hfccj \frvllceijGf`f|jcf# eh refhj weocj{eohf `fmce jiio|è è Ropy`jd(

Zvfype mevèie f r|oiv|jpo|e jwfwjho cjwo|jpo hfc Wocaymf|einpynog .P|elvhjcf `fc roroco% è

Lf|ceho# orrv|f hfe p|elvhjce yrfiejce inf r|ohvhiej|oho# p|j ec :599 f ec :506# 06(222 ioh`jhhf jdo|pf iohp|o ieppjèhe pf`fyine f è rjfye oiivrjpe# |fe è jwf| ehg|jhpo cf cfmme hj{eypf f` f|jho|efhp|jpe hfe |jhmne `fccj djmeyp|jpv|j mevypo eh pfdro rf| yjcwj|f e roine i|edehjce hj{eype gehepe jccjylj||j( Jcivhe è co|o njhho fyf|iepjpo geho j zvjcinf jhho gj(

Hfc :55< ec mevèif `fc cjwo|o Rfpf| Dj|af|p yoppoyi|eyyf vh òivdfhpo eh ive f|j yi|eppo; –.‧% Hohwomcejdo inf e hoyp|e herope f r|oherope wjmneho rf| cj hoyp|j rjp|ej iodf df{{e jyejpeie# rf|inå ecyjhmvf `fe pf`fyine î è vhj cehgj yrfiejcf f ye èypehmvf r|ogoh`jdfhpf `jc dvio rv{ {ocfhpf—(

Cj ypfyyj |fypjv|j{eohf jwwfhhf jhinf hfcc―eh`vyp|ej f hfcc―fiohodej(

E ]fn|}e|pyinjgpygvn|f| .cfj`f| decepj|e$fiohodeie% po|hj|oho lfh r|fypo jccj pfypj `fe iocoyyeeh`vyp|ejce inf# yfiohò mce jiio|è è Ropy`jd# òwfwjho fyyf|f ydjhpfccjpe f inf# jc iohp|j|eo#we`f|o jvdfhpj|f# hfc òromvf||j# ec co|o ropf|f( Ye p|jppj `fe A|vrr# `fe Pnuyyfh# Gceia# Zvjh`p#Djhhfydjhh# Njhefc# Acofiaf|(

@j hopj|f inf cj `fiohifhp|j{eohf `fc ropf|f fiohodeio hoh f|j ypjpj yoco edroypj `jmce jccfjpe# djf|j ypjpj iohye`f|jpj ehèyrfhyjlecf `jccj ypfyyj I`v# ec rj|pepo è J`fhjvf|(

A|vrr f Gceia# ioh`jhhjpe j Ho|edlf|mj iodf i|edehjce è mvf||j# po|hj|oho jc pedohf `fe co|oedrf|e# |jggo|{jhòye vcpf|eo|dfhpf ioh e gehjh{ejdfhpe `fc Rejho Dj|ynjcc( Jly f Rgf|`dfhmfy# eljhinef|e inf jwfwjho gehjh{ejpo e rejhe è Nepcf|# |eèwfhpj|oho e yedloce `fccj iohifhp|j{eohf `feropf|e fiohodeie(

Jccj pfypj `fc iodrcfyyo E(M( Gj|lfh po|hj|oho e Pf| Dff|# ioyã iodf e Dfhh# mce Njlf|cjh`$]ehhfiaf|# mce Jdl|oy# e Gjvyp inf f|jho ypjpe r|oifyyjpe rf| iodrceiepâ hfc r|om|jddj è`fro|pj{eohf f è ypf|deheo `fmce ehpf|hjpe hfe ijdre è iohifhp|jdfhpo(

Rf|geho ec òppo| Rfpf|yfh# c―vodo inf jwfwj |ego|hepo e ijdre è ypf|deheo `fc mjy poyyeio [uacoh L#|ep|owü ec r|or|eo roypo e è|fppo|f jccj @fmvyyj e G|jhiogo|pf(Q7T

Cj òdjh`j inf hjyif `j zvfypf iohypjpj{eohe ypo|einf î cj yfmvfhpf; yf e wf|peie eh`vyp|ejce f

rocepeie yoho eh m|jh rj|pf mce ypfyye `fc rjyyjpo |fmedf hj{eypj# royyoho fyyf|f ijdlejpf cf gehjcepâ?

F- eh`vlleo inf cj Mf|djhej `fc òromvf||j jllej p|jppe `fieyjdfhpf reõ `fdoi|jpeie `fc r|fif`fhpf|fmedf hj{eypj# dj yejdo yeiv|e inf ec iodrcfyyo dfiijheydo rocepeio$fiohodeio jllej gjppo vh|frfhpeho ijdleo è è|f{eohf?

@jccf jhjceye geh zve fyroypf rj|f r|or|eo inf cj pjppeij mjpporj|èjhj pvppj yeiecejhj `fc ijdlej|fpvppo rf| hoh ijdlej|f hvccj# royyj fyyf|f jrrceijpj jhinf rf| |eieicj|f ec hj{eydo; ,Hoe gvddo eMjpporj|è# e Cfohe1 zvfcce inf ie yoypepve|jhho yj|jhho mce yiejijccfppe# cf efhf,(

Yfdr|f è jhedjce r|f`jpo|e ye p|jppj( Rf| hoe inf ce yvlejdo hopo èggf|fh{f ioyreivf# eh fggfppe(

Hoh ie dfppoho hfe wjmohe reodljpe# if hf jhèjdo ,yrohpjhfjdfhpf, j cjwo|j|f òwvhzvf ie yejcjwo|o( Yo|pf jhjcomj ce fllf|o mce jg|ojdf|eijhe òro inf wfhhf|o ,celf|jpe, `je co|o gvpv|e rj`|ohe#



mce eh`vyp|ejce `fc ho|`(

Hoh yejdo ollcemjpe j cjwo|j|f geho jccj do|pf( Hoh jhio|j# jcdfho( Dj m|j{ef je hoyp|e cfmeycjpo|ef` fiohodeype c-fpâ rfhyeohjlecf yceppj yfdr|f reõ weieho jcc-jyrfppjpewj è wepj dfèj(

Hoh yejdo ollcemjpe j |fyre|j|f [uacoh$L( Eh fggfppe cf hjhorocwf|e# yrfiejcdfhpf zvfccf `fmceehifhf|epo|e# yoho vh lfc r|om|fyyo rf| hoe inf wewejdo eh ieppâ# owwf|o òwf i-î cjwo|o(

F# ioyj edro|pjhpeyyedj# cj EM Gj|lfh hoh nj reõ ropf|f( Hoh rvü o|mjhe{{j|f dfyyehyifhjdohèjce rf| wfh`f|f e r|or|e cfpjce r|oòppe# `je èyf|ljhpe f ehyfppeieè je wjiiehe rjyyjhò rf| cfrcjypeinf( Hoh ye rvü reõ rf|dfppf|f è wfh`f|f r|oòppe hoiewe rf| c-jdlefhpf f rf| c-vodo(

Ec rvllceio deheypf|o jdf|eijho `fc P|elvhjcf rf| e i|edehe è mvf||j è Ho|edlf|mj r|fgemv|üzvfypo yifhj|eo iohp|o cj EM Gj|lfh èifhò; ,Zvfype fyrohfhpe `fccj EM Gj|lfh f hoh e rj{{egjhjpeie hj{eype yoho e r|ehierjce i|edehjce è mvf||j( Yf e co|o i|edehe hoh wf||jhho ro|pjpe jccj cvif frvhepe# |jrr|fyfhpf|jhho vhj dehjiiej rf| cj gvpv|j rjif `fc dohò jhio|j reõ m|jh`f inf yf Necpcf|

goyyf jhio|j wewo,(Q=T

Q:TCj wej yfm|fpj `fe hj{eype è M( Ypfehjinf|# rm >9

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Q9TCj wej yfm|fpj `fe hj{eype è M( Ypfehjinf|# rm <00

Q0TCj wej yfm|fpj `fe hj{eype è M( Ypfehjinf|# rm <07

Q6TYocèf|y# Yrefy jh` pnf \jp Cehf( Jdf|eij-y Vh`ficj|f` ]j| Jmjehyp pnf Yowefpy# è Kjdfy W(Decjho# Rjp|eia L|omjh rm( <29 Q7Tnppr;//yepfy(moomcf(iod/yepf/yfhpecf|jhfinfijhpjho/yinf`f/ jhpegjyieydo$f$coppj$è$celf|j{eohf/ec$yjcwjpjmmeo$è$hj{eype$f$ gjyieype$jpp|jwf|yo$cj$wej$`fe$iohwfhpe

Q=Tnppr;//}}}0ep(`|$|jpn$govh`jpeoh(o|m/hope{ef/èyio|ye/infdhep{(npdc? rjmf4>


nppr;//go|vd(fyiomepv|(iod/eh`f~(rnr/porei#6:>=:(dym=><57(npdc)dym=><57

Ij|pfcco rfp|ocinedeio$rj|pf>; Hfvo|`hvhm

Dj|peh Lo|djhh gjifwj rj|pf `fccj è|f{eohf `fc HY@JR .rj|pepo hj{eypj%1 f|j ec yfm|fpj|eorf|yohjcf è Nepcf|# ec yvo iohyemcef|f hohinî c-jddeheyp|jpo|f `fe lfhe `fc rj|pepo f è zvfccerf|yohjce è Nepcf|(

Eyp|vepo `jc Gvn|f|# Dj|peh Lo|djhh jwfwj fcjlo|jpo vh rejho yfm|fpo rf| cj yor|jwwewfh{jroyplfcceij hj{eypj f cj yvj |ehjyiepj fiohodeij(

J pjc gehf o|mjhe{{ü vh ehiohp|o yfm|fpo ec :2 jmoypo :500 r|fyyo cj \opfy Njvy è Yp|jylv|mo j iverj|pfierj|oho pvppe e wf|peie decepj|e# eh`vyp|ejce f gehjh{ej|e `fccj Mf|djhej hj{eypj( Q:T



@v|jhpf zvfcc-ehiohp|o ,ye r|fyf|o hoh yoco r|owwfèdfhpe rf| p|jygf|e|f `fccf m|oyyf yoddf è`fhj|o gvo|e `fccj Mf|djhej# dj jhinf rf| hjyioh`f|f jcc-fypf|o fho|de ijrepjce jc gehf è gjwo|e|fcj |fyv||f{eohf è vh edrf|o gehjh{ej|eo$eh`vyp|ejcf è zvjcinf pero òro c-fwfhpvjcf i|occo `fc\fein( Zvfypo edrfmho yj|fllf ypjpo mfypepo `jccf YY,(Q<T

Vh eddfhyo pfyo|o gjppo è `fhj|o# mfddf f refp|f r|f{eoyf# orf|f `-j|pf# o|o f dfpjcce r|f{eoyewfhhf zvehè gjppo vyie|f `jcc-Fv|orj# |eieicjpo f |fyo rvcepo p|jdepf p|ejhmocj{eohe ljhij|ef .j`fyfdreo yve iohpe ywe{{f|e è Fwepj Rf|oh% o rf| df{{o è yoiefpâ è iodoò(

F|j ec iocohhfcco `fccf YY Oppo Yao|{fhu# mfhf|o è Nkejcdj| Yinjinp .r|fye`fhpf `fccj \feinyljha%f` jvpo|f `fccj |oijdlocfyij celf|j{eohf è Dvyyocehe `fc :509# inf iohp|occjwj zvfccj ehfypedjlecfgo|pvhj(

,Rf| `j|f vh-e`fj jc cfppo|f `fccf yoddf |jiiocpf `j Yao|{fhu# Fwj Rf|oh `j yocj royyf`fwj vhiohpo ljhij|eo ypedjpo eh ie|ij >22 deceohe è òccj|e jdf|eijhe `fc :506# 0722 ij|jpe è èjdjhpe f`jcp|f refp|f r|f{eoyf# 52 am è rcjpeho f <622am è o|o,Q9T

Ioh pjce |eiinf{{f e hj{eype iodr|j|oho p|j c-jcp|o wjype cjpegohè eh Yv`jdf|eij òwf goh`j|ohoyoiefpâ f iodvhepâ( Cj reõ gjdoyj iocohej î cj Iocohej @emhe`j` eh Iecf eh ive wewfwj Dfhmfcf infcã iohpehvü e yvoe o||fhè ,fyrf|edfhpe,( Hopj rf| cf yrj|e{eohe è meo|hjceype ehwfypemjpewe# rf| ecioehwocmedfhpo hfc |owfyiejdfhpo# j` orf|j `fccj IEJ# `fc mowf|ho è Jccfh`f# cj iocohej gv vhjljyf orf|jpewj `fccj @EHJ# cj roce{ej yfm|fpj è Rehoinfp(

Yfiohò vh ljhinef|f zvfccj jddeheyp|jpj `j Yao|{fhu gv ,cj reõ m|oyyj iohifhp|j{eohf è `fhj|oiohp|occjpo `j vh ehèwe`vo inf cj ypo|ej |eio|è,(

C-o|mjhe{{j{eohf è Lo|djhh/ Yao|{fhu f|j ec `froyepo è pvppe e lfhe |j{{ejpe eh Fv|orj f ypedjpe`jcc-ehpfccemfhif l|epjhheij eh ocp|f :>2 decej|è è òccj|e `fc :509 .yfh{j pfhf|f iohpo `fe wjco|e|j{{ejpe eh M|fiej# hfcc-f~ V\YY f òro ec :509%( Yfiohò Rjvc Djhhehm zvfypj o|mjhe{{j{eohfioypepvewj vh ,\fein hjyioypo, royplfcceio# cj ive mf|j|inej f|j iodroypj `jmce f|fè `fmcejrrj|pfhfhpe jccf mf|j|inef hj{eypf f` ec ive yioro f|j è iohp|occj|f cj gehjh{j pf`fyij f# jpp|jwf|yoehwfypedfhpe# vhj lvohj rj|pf `fcc-fiohodej dohèjcf(Q0T

,@j zvfypo dodfhpo c-eh`vyp|ej Pf`fyij `fwf gj|f pvppe e rjyye hfifyyj|e rf| jyyeiv|j|ye cjyvr|fdj{ej ioddf|iejcf hfc òromvf||j(

Omhe eh`vyp|ej òw|â gj|f jccfjh{f ioh edr|fyf fypf|f yfh{j jpp|j||f jcivh yoyrfppo( Ec rj|pepo hj{eypj

f` ec Pf|{o \fein yoypf||jhho omhe edr|fyj ioh yoypfmho cfmeycjpewo f gehjh{ej|eo, ioddfhpü jccj|evheohf è Ypj|ylv|mo ec òpp( Yinfe` .inf |jrr|fyfhpjwj Lo|djhh%( Cj pf||elecf cfmmf `fc :599iohoyievpj iodf P|jèdfhpo iohp|o co Ypjpo inf rvhewj ioh cj do|pf inevhzvf weocjyyf cf |fmocf`fmce yijdle eh wjcvpj ioh c-fypf|o# f|j ypjpj jl|omjpj rf| è|fppo o|èhf `fc \finycfepf| Lo|djhh(Q6T

Ec @|( Loyyf inevyf c-ehiohp|o oyyf|wjhò inf ,ec rj|pepo hj{eypj î iohyjrfwocf inf j yfmvepo `fccjeddehfhpf yiohgeppj jcivhe `fe demceo|e mf|j|ine yj|jhho ioh`jhhjpe iodf i|edehjce( Dj# ehioorf|j{eohf ioh mce eh`vyp|ejce# î meâ jc cjwo|o rf| dfppf|f dfdl|e edro|pjhpe iodf fyrf|pe pfiheief hfmce vggeie |eif|ij f r|omfppj{eohf `fccf hoyp|f eh`vyp|ef,(

@j zvfc meo|ho cf edr|fyf pf`fyinf iodehiej|oho j` fyro|pj|f e r|or|e gohè f# zvjhò royyelecf#

djhoòrf|j yrfiejce{{jpj jcc-fypf|o# yrfiejcdfhpf hfe rjfye hfvp|jce(Q7T

Yoppo cj è|f{eohf è Lo|djhh f vyjhò cf pfiheinf rf|gf{eohjpf `j Nf|djhh Yindep{ `fccj EM



Gj|lfh# hfmce vcpede dfye `fccj mvf||j gv|oho zvehè i|fjpf =62 io|ro|jpeoh( Vhj rf|yohj `fccjhj{eohjcepâ `fccj io|ro|jpeoh f|j hodehjcdfhpf j ijro1 ec iohyemceo è jddeheyp|j{eohf f|j eh djhoj` jddeheyp|jpo|e f ljhinef|e è gf`f hj{eypj f` ec rf|yohjcf è |jhmo fcfwjpo f|j iodroypo `jyiefh{ejpe f pfiheie pf`fyine( Cj hjyiepj è zvfypf io|ro|jpeoh `jcc-fcfwjpo iohpfhvpo pfihocomeio gvrj|peiocj|dfhpf lfhwfhvpj eh Yrjmhj f` J|mfhpehj rf| e roype è cjwo|o inf ye yj|fllf|o i|fjpe f rf|

ec ropfh{ejdfhpo `fcc-jyrfppo ioddf|iejcf hj{eohjcf(

Mce ehwfypemjpo|e `fcc-Vggeieo Gf`f|jcf `fc Pfyo|o VYJ fcjlo|j|oho e hvdf|e `fccf io|ro|jpeohpf`fyinf hfc dohò; Ro|pomjcco# 6>1 Yrjmhj# ::<1 Ywf{ej# <991 Ywe{{f|j# <:01 Pv|inej# 961J|mfhpehj# 5>( Q=T

C-orf|j{eohf inf we`f cj gehjh{j f cf eh`vyp|ef hj{eypf fdem|j|f f iohpfdro|jhfjdfhpf ro||f cf ljye`fccf hjyiepv|j \frvllceij Gf`f|jcf Pf`fyij wefhf ijpjcomjpj yoppo ec hodf è Japeoh J`cf|gcvm(

Cj yp|fppj ioccjlo|j{eohf fyeypfhpf p|j cf wj|ef fcepfy ehpf|hj{eohjce gjifwj r|fyjme|f j Yindep{ r|fieyeyifhj|e; ,Mce fyf|iepe è oiivrj{eohf ye ypjlece|jhho eh Fv|orj Oiie`fhpjcf# yeiv|jdfhpf hoh eh

Fv|orj O|efhpjcf( No `jpo eyp|v{eohe j` jddeheyp|jpo|e f pfiheie `fccj Gj|lfh è yroypj|ye jòiie`fhpf òwf yj|jhho ehèyrfhyjlece rf| |er|fh`f|f cf hoyp|f jppewepâ vhj wocpj inf cj iohgvyeohf`fc :506 yj|â gehepj,(

Yindep{ jhhopjwj iodf eh mfhf|jcf mce edrejhpe `fccj EM Gj|lfh goyyf|o ypjpe `jhhfmmejpe jc <6& f`jcivhe goyyf|o vyiepe eh`fhhe `jc iohgceppo(

Ec Gfc`dj|fyiejcco Do`fc inf f|j j ijro `fccj ègfyj `fccj \vn| wocfwj p|jygo|dj|f mce ypjlecedfhpegj|djifvpeie `fccj Ljuf|$Cflf|avyfh eh vhj ljyf rf| c-j|pemcef|ej# dj roe iohio|`ü hfc cjyiej|cjyfh{j ègfyj jcivhj# yfmvfhò ioyã e iohyemce è Yindep{( ,Yf pvppo wj lfhf jccj gehf `fccj mvf||j cj|ejw|fdo ehèfp|o ehpjppj, ioddfhpü Yindep{(

Jccj òdjh`j è Lo|djhh yv zvjcf goyyf ec `fypeho `fccj EM Gj|lfh f `fe yvoe wf|peie# Yindep{|eyroyf inf i-f|jho `fe rejhe rf| yeypfdj|f pvppo( ,Hoh i|fò inf e hoyp|e wf|peie yj|jhho `fpfhvpe jcvhmo(

Hfddfho eo co yj|ü( @ollejdo yoco yoppoypj|f j` vhj r|oif`v|j è ehwfypemj{eohf r|edj `fc|ecjyieo( Ioyã de njhho jyyeiv|jpo zvfcce `fccj H]= .vggeieo è ehpfccemfhif `fccj EM Gj|lfh h`|% infnjhho fiifccfhpe iohpjppe j ]jynehmpoh,Q>T

Iodf jllejdo weypo cj rj|pf r|ehierjcf `fcc-o|o hj{eypj jh`ü j =62 yoiefpâ# iodr|fyj eh cj|mj

deyv|j cj Df|ia# jcco yioro è jyyeiv|j|ye vh we|pvjcf dohoroceo yvccf eh`vyp|ef inedeinf fgj|djifvpeinf `fc dohò(

Zvfypo hoh yoco rf| gjwo|e|f cj |er|fyj fiohodeij `fccj Mf|djhej# dj rf| jyyeiv|j|f yor|jppvppo cjhjyiepj `fc Zvj|po \fein(

Pvppo ieü gv `fcehfjpo eh vh òivdfhpo `fppo ,Hfvo|`hvhm, ieoî Hvowo O|èhf, .*% eh ive Nepcf|èinej|jwj inf vh hvowo o|èhf `fcc-eh`vyp|ej inedeij dohèjcf jw|fllf òwvpo yoypfhf|f ec \fein(Yfiohò ec òivdfhpo cj EM Gj|lfh f|j c-eh`vyp|ej djmmeo|dfhpf eòhfj jcco yioro( Ye r|fiohe{{jwjiodf pvppf cf eh`vyp|ef inedeinf fv|orff jw|fllf|o cjwo|jpo rf| e rejhe `fc \fein f inf cjiodrfpe{eohf `fmce VYJ yj|fllf ypjpj fcedehjpj `jc df|ijpo dohèjcf(Q5T

Nepcf| ehgehf |jiiodjh`jwj; ,Hjyiohè lfhf ec pvo pfyo|o rf|inî hf jw|je leyomho rf| `j|f ehe{eo j`vh Zvj|po \fein,Q:2T Lo|djhh gfif è dfmceo; ehwfypã eddfhyf yoddf rf| iohp|occj|f c-eh`vyp|ej



inedeij dohèjcf( Cf ioyf zvehè jh`j|oho iodf yjrrejdo; cj EM Gj|lfh ,yrj|ã, zvjhò eciohp|occo `fc ij|pfcco inedeio dohèjcf f|j rjyyjpo yoppo iohp|occo hj{eypj( E yocè |j{{ejpe hfccjYfioh`j Mvf||j Dohèjcf# zvfe yocè yro|ine `fc yjhmvf `fe 62 deceohe è weppedf `fc `fce|eohj{eypj# gv|oho ehwfypepe rf| iohpehvj|f cf rocepeinf è òdeheo `fc \fein yvc dohò(

Ec yvo ,Hfvo|`hvhm, ye p|jygo|dj ioyã# vhj wocpj ypjlece{{jpo ec òdeheo `fccj ijypj rfp|ocinedeijhj{eypj# hfc p|eypfdfhpf gjdoyo Hf} ]o|c` O|`f|(

Ec yomho è Nepcf| ye î jwwf|jpo(

Q:TKoyfrn R( Gj||fcc;,Nepcf|# e èyine wocjhpe, rm:20

Q<TNfh|u Ypfwfhy ,Pnf Cjyp Ljppjcceoh jh` Mf|djh J|ipei# Jhpj|ipei jh` Jh`fjh Ljyfy, rm(6>

Q9Te`fd

Q0Tnppr;//yrepge|fceyp(iod/looay/dj|peh$lo|djhh$hj{e$eh$f~ecf/

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Q5Te`fd rm(67Q:2TCfohj|` No|o}ep{# @(D(@(# D(J(# D(R(N(# Fdf|mehm We|vyfy; JE@Y jh` Flocj; Hjpv|f#Jiie`fhp# o| Ehpfhpeohjc?# rm(996(


nppr;//go|vd(fyiomepv|(iod/eh`f~(rnr/porei#6:>=:(dym=5556(npdc)dym=5556

Ij|pfcco rfp|ocinedeio$rj|pf5; iohicvyeohe

Pfhpejdo è |erf|io||f|f l|fwfdfhpf ec rf|io|yo yeh zve gjppo( J yfmvepo `fc r|om|fyyewoedrowf|edfhpo `fccj Mf|djhej `fc òro$ Wf|yjeccfy# hjyif f ye ywecvrrj ec rj|pepo hj{eohjcyoiejceypj.HY@JR%(

C-jyifyj `fc HY@JR èwfhpj e||fyeypelecf m|j{ef je ioyreive gehjh{ejdfhpe mj|jhpepe `j edr|fhèpo|ehj{eohjce f` VYJ( Cj r|fyj `fc ropf|f `j rj|pf `fe hj{eype hoh î yiehèlecf `je |jrro|pe yp|fppeyyedeinf fyye jwfwjho ioh ec ij|pfcco rfp|ocinedeio EM Gj|lfh f `jccj geppj |fpf è ehpf|fyye f iodvhjh{fe`focomeinf .cfmme jhpeiodvheydo% inf cfmj|oho zvfyp-vcpedj jccf fcepfy eh`vyp|ejce f gehjh{ej|ef`-ocp|foifjho(

Cj Ypo|ej# ioyã iodf wefhf iodvhfdfhpf cfppj# ie ehyfmhj inf ec hj{eydo î ypjpo yiohgeppo .yfrrv|f jioype jcpeyyede% `jcc-jccfjh{j decepj|f è ropfh{f ehpf|hj{eohjce( Inf ec hj{eydo jllej ijvyjpo cj reõ



edrohfhpf ij|hfgeiehj rf| ijvyf decepj|e inf cj ypo|ej |eio|è î vh gjppo ehhfmjlecf( Dj î jcp|fppjhpoehhfmjlecf inf ec hj{eydo hoh gv yiohgeppo( Vh yeypfdj yoiejcf î `j |epfhf|ye yiohgeppo zvjhò er|fyvrroype yv ive ye ljyj wfhmoho |ervèjpe `jccj ioccfppewepâ( Yf ehwfif cf ypfyyf ljye yoho vpece{{jpfrf| goh`j|f jcp|e pere è yeypfde yoiejce# jcco|j hoh ye rvü wf|jdfhpf rj|cj|f è yiohgeppj# dj èp|jydem|j{eohf o p|jygo|dj{eohf(

Yf e </9 `fc Rj|cjdfhpo pf`fyio royplfcceio f|j jhio|j iodroypo `j f~$ hj{eype# j` fyfdreo# ie yeropfwj jyrfppj|f :/9 è howepâ( Pjcf howepâ f|j |jrr|fyfhpjpj `jccj wocohpâ j hoh |eio||f|f reõ.jcdfho j l|fwf% jcc-vyo `fccf j|de( Rf| ec |fypo pvppj cj r|o`v{eohf r|flfcceij |edjyf ehwj|ejpj( CjEM Gj|lfh# oyyjpv|j `fc hj{eydo# iohpehvü ehèypv|ljpj j r|o`v||f cj inedeij è yfdr|f# jmfwocjpj`j lodlj|`jdfhpe jiiv|jpe inf rf|deyf|o è yjcwj|f zvjye eh popo e yvoe edrejhpe eh`vyp|ejce(

E wf|peie EM Gj|lfh gv|oho# òro vhj ioh`jhhj gj|yj# |ejyyvhpe iodf jddeheyp|jpo|e hfccf wj|efyoppoiodrohfhpe .LJYG# Nofinyp# Jmgj# Df|ia# fpi((%# èwfhpj|oho iohyemcef|e yp|jpfmeie hj{eohjcef` fypf|e orrv|f wfhhf|o jyyvhpe ocp|foifjho rf| fwe`fhpe ,df|epe, jizveyepe yvc ijdro( E zvj`|eehpf|dfè .YY f decepj|e% gv|oho è|oppjpe eh Yv`jdf|eij m|j{ef jcc-ehpf|wfhpo `fc Wjpeijho# rf|

ypjlece|f yjhmvehj|ef èppjpv|f( Ehgehf ec rf|yohjcf zvjcegeijpo .yiefh{ejpe f pfiheie% m|j{efjc-orf|j{eohf Rjrf|icer wfhhf|o |ficvpjpe p|j cf gecj `fmce jrrj|jpe mowf|hjpewe VYJ(

Yoco roine mf|j|ine hj{eype wfhhf|o ioh`jhhjpe j Ho|delf|mj# rf| pfhf|f lvohj c-oreheohf rvllceij(Vh yji|egeieo dehedo j g|ohpf è vh èyrefmjdfhpo fho|df è |eyo|yf f df{{e rf| yjcwj|f f |eieicj|fec hj{eydo iodf go|{j r|oroyepewj f do`f|hj(

C-oh`jpj è gf|oif |fr|fyyeohf iohp|o if|pf eypjh{f rorocj|e# owwf|o iohp|o e è|eppe `fe cjwo|jpo|e#p|owü hfccj Mf|djhej hj{eypj vh cjlo|jpo|eo òwf ropf|f yrf|edfhpj|f pvppf cf royyelece wj|ejhpe( Ecwf|o r|olcfdj î inf e 66 deceohe è do|pe inf ijvyü è|fppjdfhpf hoh yoho dje ypjpe vh dopewoyvggeiefhpf rf| inev`f|co `fgehepewjdfhpf# zvfc cjlo|jpo|eo( Jh{e# vhj wocpj jrrv|jpo inf if|pfwj|ejhpe hoh jh`jwjho reõ lfhf# hf yoho ypjpf ehp|oòppf `fccf jcp|f o reõ yfdrceifdfhpf yoho ypjpfdeyifcjpf èggf|fhpfdfhpf cf r|ffyeypfhpe(

Rf| gj|cj l|fwf; yejdo ypjpe mowf|hjpe .gehinî cj Hjpv|j $f hoh c-Vodo$ hoh nj yp|jrrjpo co|o c-vcpedo|fyre|o% `j hj{eype inf njhho edroypo ec co|o rj|peiocj|f do`fcco è ywecvrro( Dj r|edj inf goyyfpf|dehjpo ec co|o djh`jpo eh pf||j# zvfe yedrjpeiohe njhho lfh rfhyjpo j go|dj|f e è|emfhpe infjw|fllf|o iohpehvjpo ec co|o r|omfppo(

Yf cj rcjypeij .ioh pvppo ieü inf hf iohyfmvf# yoco rf| gj|f vh fyfdreo% cj gj `j rj`|ohf eh omhejyrfppo `fccj wepj zvopeèjhj `fc hvowo deccfhheo# co òllejdo r|or|eo jccj EM Gj|lfh f je yvoe

wf|peie inf njhho iohpehvjdfhpf yrehpo eh zvfccj è|f{eohf# p|owjhò yoco yoce`f jccfjh{fedr|fhèpo|ejce f rocepeinf( Hoh reõ cf yrcfhè`f wf|heiejpv|f j pjdrohf .moddjcjiij% o gehepv|f jif|j o` oceo `jhpjh# dj rcjypeinf rocev|fpjheinf yr|v{{jpf eh`vyp|ejcdfhpf yve dolece# f` î yocovh-fyfdreo(

Hfc rfhyef|o è Nepcf|# iodf jllejdo weypo# zvfypo pero è R|om|fyyo yf|wf j mfppj|f cf ljye rf|cj |ehjyiepj `fc Zvj|po \fein(

@jhò iodf yiohpjpo inf cj Inedeij jevpe j demceo|j|f cj wepj# ye i|fjho cf ljye rf| vh|jggo|{jdfhpo `fmce ehwfypedfhpe j gjwo|f `fc Zvj|po \fein# ioyã iodf r|fiohe{{jpo hfcHfvo|`hvhm nepcf|ejho( Mevypo rf| `j|f vh-e`fj; yoco cj LJYG hfc <22= nj gjppv|jpo rf| vh

wjco|f è 6> decej|è è fv|o Q:T# yvrf|eo|f jc REC `fccj I|oj{ej( Q<T

Hoh `fwf zvehè ypvre|f ec gjppo inf cj Mf|djhej yej iohye`f|jpj cj ,coiodopewj `-Fv|orj,#



`jpj cj iohifhp|j{eohf è eh`vyp|ef rfp|ocinedeinf cfmjpf jccj f~ EM Gj|lfh( Ec do`fcco pf`fyioî vhewf|yjcdfhpf |eiohoyievpo iodf fggeiefhpf f` jgge`jlecf( E i|epf|e è fggeiefh{j f` jgge`jlecepâinf c-njhho |fyj gjdoyj hfc dohò vh roio de yrjwfhpjho# òro cf |eif|inf inf no fggfppvjpo f infno if|ijpo è yehpfpe{{j|f eh zvfype j|peioce(

Eh vhj rvllceiepâ cj LJYG ye yrehmf j` jggf|dj|f inf ,cj Inedeij eh `fgehepewj i|fj lvohf |fcj{eohep|j cf rf|yohf f pvppo ieü è ive njhho leyomho,(Q9T

Co ypjlecedfhpo LJYG è \odj .zvj|pef|f Ijyf \oyyf% ijvyj vh 92& è do|pjcepâ rf| pvdo|e eh reõ|eyrfppo jccj dfèj hj{eohjcf .gohpf JYC%; go|yf c-f~ rj|phf| EM Gj|lfh rfhyj yej zvfypo ,pvppo ieü èive cf rf|yohf njhho leyomho,(Q0T

Mce fyfdre eh pjc yfhyo ye yr|fijho( C-e`fj è vyj|f c-vodo iodf ijwej rf| fyrf|edfhpe eh`vyp|ejce îvhj ,ehhowj{eohf, inf ec hj{eydo nj ro|pjpo jccj yvj djyyedj fyr|fyyeohf( Yopporo||f cfrorocj{eohe j` ehifyyjhpe lodlj|`jdfhpe inedeie .wfè cj p|jmfèj `fccf hjhorj|peifccf Q6T% î o|djeèwfhpjpo vhj hfifyyepâ inf ye jrrfccj j iohifppe iodf Ywecvrro# Do`f|hepâ# R|om|fyyo(

Hoh fyeypf jcpf|hjpewj j pvppo ieü# yf ye fyicv`f cj @fi|fyiepj( Cj wepj è omhvho è hoe î |fmocjpj jc|epdo `fccf re|opfiheinf iohzveypf pfihocomeinf è ive cj djiinehj r|orjmjhèypeijeddjhijlecdfhpf djmhegeij cf yp|jo|èhj|ef ij|jppf|eypeinf ehhowjpewf(

Ypejdo yfdr|f dfmceo# yejdo yfdr|f pvppe reõ celf|e; zvfypo î ec dfyyjmmeo |jyyeiv|jhpf infehifyyjhpfdfhpf wefhf wfeiocjpo `je dfèj(

Yf hfc ijhifcco è ehm|fyyo è Jvyin}ep{ c-ehyfmhj |fiepjwj ,J|lfep Djinp G|fe, .ec cjwo|o |fh`fcelf|e# m|oppfyio jgo|eydj inf yjhiewj cj hfifyyepâ è cjwo|j|f go|{jpjdfhpf rf| yo`èygj|f cj celf|pâè |eif|ij `fccj EM Gj|lfh%# hfc ij|pfcco è ehm|fyyo è omhe ieppâ do`f|hj# yoppo jc hodf`fcc-jmmcodf|jpo v|ljho# ie òw|fllf fyyf|f vh lfc ,Go|pyin|epp Djinp G|fe, .ec R|om|fyyo |fh`fcelf|e%# djmj|e jggejhijpo jc mfdfccjmmeo ioh Jvyin}ep{# |e`fhpf ieppjèhj rocjiij(

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Geho zve de yoho r|fyo cj l|emj è eccvyp|j|f gjppe ehfhj||jlece `fccj Ypo|ej( Ye rfhye lfhf; j rj|pf cfypo|ef freinf `fe |odjhe# `fe m|fie# `fe ij|pjmehfye# `fe ljlecohfye# f roe c―eccvdeheydo# Hjrocfohf fc―fpâ |odjhpeij# zvjhò ye fhp|j hfc rf|eoò po|leò `fmce Ypjpe Yow|jhe inf wfhmoho vho j` vhofcedehjpe geho jccj Yfioh`j Mvf||j Dohèjcf( Ye fhp|j hfcc―f|j `―o|o `fccj `fdoi|j{ej# `fe Rj|pepeRocepeie è eyre|j{eohf i|eypejhj f yoiejceypj f pvppo yfdl|j jrrj|e|f ho|djcf( Iodf ho|djcf î rj|cj|fdjcf `fccj Yjhpj Ehzveye{eohf# `fcc―—jp|oif— i|edehf iohp|o cj celf|pâ è rfhyef|o |jrr|fyfhpjpj `j



Meo|`jho L|vho# `fcc―—ehifypvoyo— Rjrj Lo|mej# `fc iohyf|wjpo| eydo `fc Iohieceo è P|fhpo# `fcYjiio è \odj f Ij|co W @―Jylv|mo f wej èyio||fhò( ‧F `fc Dfèofwo ye |eio|`jho cf I|oiejpf(

CJ WF\EPJ- YVCCF I\OIEJPF( PEREIJ PFDJPEIJ VYJPJ @JE DEYI\F@FHPE RF\@FHEM\J\F CJ INEFYJ

Yjrrejpf ydfhpe|f e lvmej|è inf# ywomcejpe f djhmejr|fpe# vyjho zvjcyejye fyrfèfhpf rf| yi|fèpj|fcj Inefyj( De òdjhò ioypjhpfdfhpf rf|inå ec dohò yoppocehfj f` fhgjpe{{j yoco e cjpe –oyiv|e— or|fyvhpe pjce `fccj Inefyj è \odj( @ow―î co Yre|epo è Wf|epâ f cj io||fppj jhjceye i|epeij `feòivdfhpe ypo|eie? Rf|inå ye |edj|ijho fyicvyewjdfhpf cf ehe{ejpewf –roio inej|f— è jcivhe vodehe#jpp|elvfhòhf cf iocrf jccj Inefyj# f# ioh fyp|fdj dfèoi|epâ# ye –yrvpjho yfhpfh{f— yfh{jiomhe{eohf è comeij f yfh{j cf òwvpf iohoyifh{f ypo|einf? @ow―î gehepo ec yfhyo è mevype{ej? Frf|inå# zvjhò ye hodehj cj Inefyj# ye rfhyj yoco jccf I|oiejpf# j rjrj Lo|mej# jcc―Ehzveye{eohf f jc

gecd –c―Fyo|ieypj—? Zvfypo wf|momhoyo do`vy orf|jhè î# yfh{j `vlleo# g|vppo è yfioce èiodr|odfyye p|j eccvdeheype# djyyohe# iodvheype# collu wj|ef f` jcp|f demcejej è io||fhpe èrfhyef|o j ive Mfyõ I|eypo `â gjypeèo( Yfhpo# rf|pjhpo# ec òwf|f è yi|ewf|f jh{epvppo è jrocomfpeijf è ègfh`f|f# iepjhò gohpe f òivdfhpe vggeiejce lfh cohpjhe `jccj gjwocj f `jccj dfh{omhj# cjInefyj è \odj f zvjhpo è ypvrfhò –gfif# nj gjppo# gj f iohpehvf|â j gj|f eh fpf|ho—(

Dj rj|cejdo è I|oiejpf; yjrfpf inf yf hoh ie goyyf|o ypjpe e I|oiejpe .iodf f||ohfjdfhpf wfhmohoinejdjpe% c―Eycjd jw|fllf ehwjyo c―oiie`fhpf f cf ij|f ,rfppfmocf,# èwo|{eypf# jlo|peypf# fdjhierjpff` jhpeijppoceinf ,òhhehf, inf oypfhpjho r|f{eoye# dehemohhf f` jiiohiejpv|f `j :22 fv|o#yj|fllf|o pvppf iorf|pf `j vh lfc lv|zj f òw|fllf|o ijddehj|f ioh yij|rf eh moddj rf| hohèypv|lj|f ec r|or|eo vodo? .Jr|o rj|fhpfye èifhò inf j df gj|fllf rejif|f ((( yj|fllf rf| co|o

vhj lfccj cf{eohf è vdecpâ ((( ro||fllf yvcco ypfyyo rejho òhhf lfccf f òhhf l|vppf ((( ie yj|fllfdjmmeo|f mevype{ej f` fzvepâ yoiejcf ((( cf ijrjiepâ ehèwe`vjce r|edfmmf|fllf|o yvccf go|pvhoyf òpefypfpeinf%(

–Cj i|oiejpj hjyif yfh{j hfjhinf inejdj|ye ioyã( Hoh i-î cj i|oiejpj# jccj gehf `fcc-Ê yfioco; dj ieyoho e ,i|oiejpe,# wjcf j è|f e i|vif yemhjpe# e rfccfm|ehe è|fppe j Mf|vyjcfddf inf eh yfmho è pjcfrfccfm|ehjmmeo |fijho iviepj o |eijdjpj yvccj yrjccj o yvc rfppo orrv|f yvccj leyjiiej vhj reiiocji|oif .iodf zvfcce inf wjhho j Yjhpejmo `f Iodroypfcj ro|pjho cj iohinemcej f zvfcce j \odj cfinejwe è Refp|o%( Jccj gehf `fcc-Ê yfioco# jc iohieceo è Icf|dohp `fc :256# rjrj V|ljho EE ehèijjcc-ehzvefpo ifpo ijwjccf|fyio g|jhifyf $ fyjvypo rf| cf iohpehvf mvf||f jc yvo ehpf|ho $ vh hvowoyioro; –rj|pjho e ijwjcef|e `fye`f|oye è oho|f wf|yo O|efhpf# yvccj wej `fc rfccfm|ehjmmeo# rf|inå

c-edrf|jpo|f è Leyjh{eo nj leyomho è wjco|oye mvf||ef|e oh`f g|ohpfmmej|f c-jwjh{jpj `fe pv|ine ehJhjpocej—( @ecjmj ec `fye`f|eo `fc rfccfm|ehjmmeo |f`fhpo|f# c-vcpedo `fccj ypo|ej# zvfcco inf ro|pf|âec mfhf|f vdjho hfccj wjccf è Meoyjgjp f ioehie`f|â ioh ec \fmho `fe Iefce( Ehf|de o yfdehf|de

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rfccfm|ehe yfmvoho e ijwjcef|e; c-epf| `fe decepfy f cj rf|fm|ehjpeo `fe rjvrf|fy o|j ioehieòho( Î hjpjcj i|oiejpj# zvjye f~ jl|vrpo(

C-fyfi|j{eohf rf| cf i|oiejpf î zvjye vhjhedf; yoho ypjpf ec r|edo fyfdreo è mvf||j iocohejcf `fccjypo|ej# njhho pfhvpo j ljppfyedo cj goccej `fe rom|od# njhho ioypepvepo vh p|eypf do`fcco è mvf||j è

|fcemeohf( Ec dohò dvyvcdjho yoypefhf inf fyyf gv|oho cj r|edj jmm|fyyeohf `fcc-Oiie`fhpfjcc-O|efhpf; f hoh yf|wf |frceij|f inf yf è jmm|fyyeohf ye `fwf rj|cj|f gv c-Eycjd j yijpfhj|cj# ioh cjKenj` p|j WEE f ^ yfioco( Jhio|j# rf| jcivhe cj i|oiejpj î cj go|dj i|eypejho $ dfèofwjcf `fcc-fpf|hoiohgceppo mforocepeio inf ,`j yfdr|f, .ieoî jcdfho `jccf mvf||f m|fio $ rf|yejhf% orrohfc-Oiie`fhpf f c-O|efhpf( Wocpje|f nj djcf`fppo cj i|oiejpj# mvf||j `-emho|jh{j f è gjhjpeydo( Jciohp|j|eo# mvf||emcef|e wjh`fjhe eh coppj iohp|o cj pe|jhhe`f mejiolehj# i|eypf|oy dfyyeijhe edrfmhjpehfccj ègfyj `fccj co|o p|jè{eohf i|eypejhj# ijppoceie yrjmhoce ehyo|pe iohp|o cj |frvllceij jpfj frf|yfivp|eif njhho |eywfmcejpo j reõ |er|fyf ec hodf f ec gjyieho `fccj i|oif yve wfyyecce—( Qiepj{eohfè G|jhio Ij|èheT(

No `fieyo è rvllceij|f ec pfypo `fccj iohwf|yj{eohf inf Mejhrjoco Lj||j# è|fppo|f `f ,ec Pedohf,pfhhf j \jèo Dj|ej meowf`ã 0 dj|{o :555# `v|jhpf cj ,Yf|jpj Yjif|òpjcf, iohòppj `j òh Peho\ocge# iohyf|wjhò co ypecf ioccozvejcf f cj èweyeohf eh rj|jm|jge hvdf|jpj vpece{{jpj rf| e yvoejrrvhpe `jcc- jvpo|f(

:( Hfc io|yo è zvfypj iohwf|yj{eohf jgg|ohpejdo ec pfdj `fccf i|oiejpf( Iodf î gjiecf ehpve|f# yep|jppj è vh j|modfhpo fyp|fdjdfhpf `fceijpo# fyyfhò vho `fe ijwjcce è ljppjmcej `fccj ivcpv|jòdehjhpf# vpece{{jpo rf| `fhem|j|f cj ypo|ej `fccj Inefyj(

<( J rj|pe|f `j Wocpje|f# yvccf I|oiejpf î ypjpj ioyp|vepj vhj jvpfhpeij ,cfmmfh`j hf|j,# ehgj|iepj èdfh{omhf f gjhpjypeinf|ef# j ijvyj `fccj zvjcf e ijppoceie yoho ypjpe ioyp|fppe j roye{eohe è ,ègfyj,(

9( Cj cfmmfh`j hf|j hj||j inf cf I|oiejpf gv|oho mvf||f è |fcemeohf# èinej|jpf `je i|eypejhe jedvyvcdjhe( Pjce mvf||f yj|fllf|o ypjpf wocvpf `jccj Inefyj jc yoco gehf è edro||f cj r|or|ej|fcemeohf zvfccj i|eypejhj j` jcp|e roroce# hfccj gjppeyrfief je roroce ,iewece f rjiegeie, `fc WeiehoO|efhpf# dvyvcdjhe# gf`fce è Djodfppo f yfmvjie `fcc-Eycjd(

0( Yj|fllf|o ypjpf rf|pjhpo djhegfypj{eohe è gjhjpeydo |fcemeoyo# è goh`jdfhpjceydo i|eypejhoijppoceio f i-î ine yoypefhf inf cj \fcemeohf gv yocpjhpo vh jcele inf hjyioh`fwj ec wf|o ehpfhpo `fccfI|oiejpf; iohzveypj|f hvowf pf||f# r|odvowf|f cj rocepeij fyrjhyeoheypeij f edrf|ejceypeij `fccjI|eypejhepâ dfèfwjcf(

6( Hjpv|jcdfhpf# ypjhò je yoypfhepo|e `fccj cfmmfh`j hf|j# cj Inefyj pvppj ehpf|j òw|fllfwf|momhj|ye rf| zvfypj l|vppj rjmehj `fccj yvj ypo|ej( Ehgjppe# inf ioyj ie yj|fllf è reõ yijh`jcoyo#è reõ cohpjho `jc Wjhmfco è vhj Inefyj inf r|odvowf cj ,mvf||j yjhpj,# inf ehiepjjcc-jhhefhpjdfhpo è vh-jcp|j |fcemeohf f `fe yvoe yfmvjie?

7( Zvfypo eh |jre`j f geh p|orro yvrf|geiejcf yehpfye ec iohpfhvpo è zvfcco inf ie wefhf jlepvjcdfhpfr|orehjpo `jccj r|orjmjh`j f `jccj ivcpv|j omme è do`j(

=( Ine we rj|cj# o|dje mce jdeie jyiocpjpo|e co yjhho docpo lfhf# hoh ye wf|momhj jggjppo `fccj ypo|ej`fccj Inefyj f dfh inf dfho ye wf|momhj `fc gjppo inf ie yejho ypjpf cf I|oiejpf( R|edj ehgjppe èljppf|ie iohp|epe ec rfppo# î hfifyyj|eo ijre|f inf ioyj yoho ypjpf cf I|oiejpf f` î ec iodrepo inf

womcejdo ywocmf|f hfc io|yo è zvfypj l|fwf iohwf|yj{eohf(

>( Rf| rj|cj|f `fccf i|oiejpf ioh iodrfpfh{j# de gj|ü mve`j|f `j `vf ypvèoye# vho ypo|eio f vh



gecoyogo( Co ypo|eio î G|jhio Ij|èhe# òifhpf vhewf|yepj|eo# vho `fe reõ r|fypemeoye f iohoyievpeypvèoye `fc Dfèofwo i|eypejho f `fc dohò eycjdeio( Ec gecoyogo î vh yjif|òpf# r|ogfyyo|fjcc-Vhewf|yepâ Ijppoceij è Decjho# òh Cveme Hfm|e# ec zvjcf nj yi|eppo vh lfc cel|o# ehpepocjpoyemhegeijpewjdfhpf; ,Gjcyf jiivyf jccj Inefyj,# fèpo `j Refddf# òwf p|owejdo vh ijrepoco docpoedro|pjhpf `fèijpo jccf i|oiejpf(

5( Iodehiejdo jcco|j j |eyroh`f|f jccj òdjh`j; inf ioyj yoho ypjpf cf i|oiejpf? R|fjwwf|po inf#rf| |eyroh`f|f# òllejdo gj|f vho ygo|{o; ijre|f lfhf ec yemhegeijpo `fccf i|oiejpf hoh î gjiecf#rf|inî yoho rjyyjpe docpe yfioce# î ijdlejpo ec dohò# î ijdlejpj cj dfhpjcepâ `fcc-vodo do`f|hof hoh òllejdo ij`f|f hfcc-f||o|f è mevèij|f e gjppe ypo|eie jòrf|jhò fyicvyewjdfhpf e i|epf|e èmevè{eo inf cj do`j ivcpv|jcf omme ie edrohf(

:2( \eyrohèjdo jccj òdjh`j iodehiejhò ioh ec è|f inf cf i|oiejpf yoho ypjpf docpo è reõ èyfdrceie yrfè{eohe decepj|e; yoho ypjpf ehhjh{epvppo `fe rfccfm|ehjmme# `fe rfccfm|ehjmme j|djpe(

::( Hoh ye rvü hfmj|f inf cj yrfè{eohf j|djpj goyyf hfifyyj|ej rf| celf|j|f e Cvomne Yjhpe `jccjoiivrj{eohf `fe Pv|ine( Zvfypj oiivrj{eohf jwfwj |fyo edroyyelecf co ywocmf|ye è vh gjppo inf rf|pvppo ec Dfèofwo i|eypejho ioypepvewj vhj fyrf|efh{j ho|djcf# gjpeioyj dj jlepvjcf; ecrfccfm|ehjmmeo eh Pf||j Yjhpj# rf| weyepj|f e cvomne òwf Mfyõ f|j weyyvpo(

:<( Dj î jcp|fppjhpo wf|o inf cj i|oiejpj f|j è reõ è vhj yrfè{eohf decepj|f( No rj|cjpo èrfccfm|ehjmme# f zvjcivho if|pjdfhpf ye yj|â ypvrepo( Dj co ypvro|f ye èyyocwf yf |eio|èjdo inf cjdopewj{eohf r|ehierjcf inf yrehmfwj jccj i|oiejpj vodehe f òhhf# meowjhe f j`vcpe# rf|geholjdlehe# vodehe è ropf|f f yfdrceie iohpjèhe# inf cjyiejwjho pvppo f rj|pewjho rf| celf|j|f cjPf||j Yjhpj f|j vhj dopewj{eohf è ij|jppf|f |fcemeoyo(

:9( Yi|ewf ec r|ogfyyo| òh Cveme Hfm|e( ,Cf i|oiejpf yoho ypjpf vh m|jh`f dowedfhpo è ij|jppf|fdeyyeohj|eo cj ive dopewj{eohf î goh`jdfhpjcdfhpf cj gf`f,( @vhzvf gf`f f deyyeohj|efpâ jccj ljyf`fcco Yre|epo `fccj I|oiejpj(

:0( Ec ijyo è yjh G|jhifyio è Jyyeye hf î cj r|owj reõ iohwehifhpf(

:6( Ye yj inf è zvfypo yp|jo|èhj|eo yjhpo `fccj Inefyj ijppoceij ie wefhf p|jydfyyj vhj eddjmehfpvppj ,jizvj f {viinf|o,( Zvjhpo î èggeiecf# j`è|eppv|j yo|r|fh`fhpf# i|f`f|f inf yjh G|jhifyio èJyyeye gv vh ègfhyo|f fccj I|oiejpj(

:7( Eh fggfppe# fmce jiiodrjmhü cj W i|oiejpj# ehe{ejhò eh r|edj rf|yohj cj deyyeohf g|jhifyijhj

r|fyyo e dvyvcdjhe( Hoh |eyroh`f j wf|epâ cj iohweh{eohf inf yjh G|jhifyio jiiodrjmhü eI|oiejpe yfh{j iohèwe`f|f cj hfifyyepâ è j|dj|ye f è iodljppf|f rf| celf|j|f e Cvomne Yjhpe(

:=( I-î vh freyoèo è G|jhifyio jccj I|oiejpj docpo yemhegeijpewo inf ie wefhf jlepvjcdfhpfpjievpo; òro fyyf|f yijdrjpo rf| de|jioco jccj do|pf f jwf|f yvlepo `je dvyvcdjhe rf|ioyyfyjhmvehoyf# G|jhifyio |efyif j |jmmevhmf|f ec yvcpjho Djcec$Jc$Ajdec( Ioh cve i-f|j vh jcp|o g|jpf#è hodf Eccvdehjpo# inf ie |ero|pj ec èjcomo ehpf|io|yo p|j ec rowf|fcco è Jyyeye f ec Yvcpjho(

:>( Yfhpejdo cj pfypedohejh{j è G|jpf Eccvdehjpo; ,EE Yvcpjho yopporoyf j G|jhifyio vh-jcp|jzvfypeohf; ,EE woyp|o Yemho|f ehyfmhj hfe Wjhmfce inf woe hoh òwfpf |fh`f|f djcf rf| djcf# f hohòwfpf |egevpj|f hfrrv|f ec djhpfcco j ine wvoc pomcef|we cj pohjij, Zvjhpo reõ woe i|eypejhe hoh

òw|fypf ehwj`f|f cf hoyp|f pf||f*,( \eyroyf ec lfjpo G|jhifyio; ,De yfdl|j inf woe hoh jllejpfcfppo pvppo ec Wjhmfco( Jcp|owf# ehgjppe# î `fppo; ,Yf ec pvo oiineo pe î oiijyeohf è yijh`jco# ijwjco fmfppjco cohpjho `j pî( F# ioh zvfypo# Mfyõ nj wocvpo ehyfmhj|ie inf# yf jhinf vh vodo ie goyyf



jdeio o rj|fhpf# o rf|geho goyyf j hoe ij|o iodf cj rvreccj `fcc-oiineo# òw|fddo fyyf|f èyroypej` jccohpjhj|co# j y|jèij|co `j hoe# yf pfhpjyyf è jccohpjhj|ie `jccj gf`f f `jcc-jdo|f `fc hoyp|o@eo( R|or|eo rf| zvfypo# e i|eypejhe jmeyioho yfiohò mevype{ej zvjhò ehwjòho cf woyp|f pf||f f weiodljppoho# rf|inî woe lfypfddejpf ec hodf è I|eypo f we jòrf|jpf j` jccohpjhj|f `jccj |fcemeohfzvjhpe vodehe ropfpf( Yf ehwfif woe wocfypf iohoyif|f# iohgfyyj|f f jò|j|f ec I|fjpo|f f \f`fhpo|f

`fc dohò# we jdf|fllf|o iodf yf ypfyye*,(

:5( Iodf wf`fpf# zve ie p|owejdo è g|ohpf j` vh yjh G|jhifyio yiohoyievpo `j docpe è hoeijppoceie( Vh ègfhyo|f `fe è|eppe `fe I|oiejpe# yoypfhepo|f `fccj hfifyyepâ è iodljppf|f eh zvfcg|jhmfhpf rf| cj gf`f# r|ohpo j ogg|e|f ec iohp|elvpo è ive î ijrjif $ cve hoh f|j vh vodo `-j|de $rf| ec lvoh fyepo `fccj i|oiejpj(

<2( Dj royyejdo ijre|f zvfypj roye{eohf è yjh G|jhifyio inf î iodvhf jcc-vodo dfèfwjcf# jci|eypejho dfèfwjcf yf |epo|hejdo jccj dopewj{eohf goh`jdfhpjcf `fccj I|oiejpj; cj dopewj{eohf`fccj gf`f(

<:( Ye `fwf |eio|`j|f# ehgjppe# inf c-oiivrj{eohf è Mf|vyjcfddf `j rj|pf `fe Pv|ine jwfwj dfyyoeh rf|eioco cj dfdo|ej ypo|eij `fe cvomne inf jwfwjho weypo Mfyõ wewo( F cj gf`f# cj hoyp|j gf`fijppoceij# ye goh`j yv `jpe ypo|eie f yf ye dfppoho eh rf|eioco zvfype `jpe ypo|eie# zvfype gjppe inf|emvj|`jho cj wepj è Mfyõ# ye dfppf eh rf|eioco cj Gf`f(

<<( Ioyã |jmeohjwjho e I|eypejhe `fc dfèofwo(

<9( Rf|inî î èggeiecf iodr|fh`f|f zvfypo doò è |jmeohj|f# omme? Rf|inî jhinf hoe i|f`fhpejllejdo rf|yo è weypj ec gjppo inf cj gf`f î vh lfhf p|j e reõ m|jhè inf royyfèjdo( Hoe ie

r|foiivrejdo `fccj ijyj# `fc cjwo|o# `fccj yjcvpf geyeij f rf| zvfype lfhe ‧ edro|pjhpe# if|pjdfhpf#

dj hoh e reõ edro|pjhpe hfccj r|oyrfppewj i|eypejhj yejdo èyroype j cjwo|j|f f j coppj|f(

<0( Cf hj{eohe è omme èinej|jho mvf||j f gjhho cj mvf||j rf| jcp|f |jmeohe; ec rfp|oceo# c-jevpo jer|ogvmne# |jmeohe fiohodeinf# fpi( Hfc dfèofwo i|eypejho yor|j omhe |jmeohf i-î vhj dopewj{eohf|fcemeoyj; cj gf`f(

<6( Rf| zvjhpo royyj yfdl|j|f yijh`jcoyo# cf ioyf ypjhho r|or|eo ioyã( Dj po|hejdo jccf I|oiejpf(

<7( I-f|j vh-jcp|j |jmeohf inf dopewjwj cj I|oiejpj; hoh yoco ec rf|eioco è rf|`f|f cj dfdo|ejypo|eij è Mfyõ I|eypo# dj jhinf ec rf|eioco iohi|fpo f p|fdfhò inf io||fwjho cf iodvhepâi|eypejhf inf wewfwjho eh Pf||j Yjhpj f cvhmo e iohgehe o|efhpjce `fcc-Fv|orj# dehjiiejpe

`jcc-jwjh{jpj `fe Pv|ine(

<=( Hfc pfdro `fccf I|oiejpf# pvppj c-Fv|orj i|eypejhj jwwf|pf inf zvfccj Inefyj# inf zvfccj rj|pf`fc Io|ro Deypeio è I|eypo inf wewfwj hfcc- O|efhpf io||f ec yf|eo rf|eioco è fyyf|f`fgehepewjdfhpf yorr|fyyj# è wfhe| ijhifccjpj `jcc-Eycjd(

<>( Leyomhjwj ègfh`f|f e i|eypejhe dehjiiejpe( F|j hfifyyj|eo doyp|j|ye iohi|fpjdfhpf yoce`jce iohco|o( Cj ègfyj `fccj Inefyj; zvfypo f|j vh fcfdfhpo goh`jdfhpjcf `fcco Yre|epo I|oiejpo( Zvfypowocfwjho e i|oiejpe jccj geh gehf; celf|j|f e cvomne yjhpe# |fivrf|j|f cj celf|pâ è jiifyyo je cvomneyjhpe f ègfh`f|f e r|or|e g|jpfcce i|eypejhe hfccj gf`f(

<5( F|j vhj dopewj{eohf jvpfhpeijdfhpf m|jpvepj# inf wfhewj r|edj $ yi|ewf òh Cveme Hfm|e $ ,èzvjcyejye wjcvpj{eohf f è zvjcyejye yp|jpfmej è ij|jppf|f rocepeio,# f|j vhj dopewj{eohf infygvmmewj j zvjcyejye ijcioco# j zvjcyejye iohwfhefh{j# j zvjcyejye r|fweyeohf è |eyvcpjpe(



92( Ye ljè lfhf; zvfypo hoh wvoc è|f inf `v|jhpf cf i|oiejpf hoh yejho fdf|yf dopewj{eohe fijcioce è o|èhf rocepeio# fiohodeio o jhinf è r|ogeco reõ vdjho; dj hoh gv|oho zvfype e dopeweinf yrehyf|o c-Fv|orj ehpf|j# c-Fv|orj i|eypejhj fe yfioce E$ÊEE jccf i|oiejpf(

9:( Cj I|oiejpj `vhzvf î vhj deyyeohf( Vhj deyyeohf è jevpo# vhj deyyeohf j|djpj; f jcco|j cf

ioyf hoh ropfwjho jh`j|f èwf|yjdfhpf( Vyie|f `jcc-Fv|orj rf| celf|j|f e pf||epo|e yji|e# rf|ègfh`f|f cj iodvhepâ i|eypejhj# yemhegeijwj orro|ye j ioco|o inf# r|edj è zvfypj vyiepj# jwfwjhooiivrjpo decepj|dfhpf cj Pf||j Yjhpj f pfhfwjho yommfppf cf rorocj{eohe i|eypejhf `fcc-O|efhpf(

9<( Gjiiejdo vh rjyyo jwjhpe( C-e`fj inf cj I|oiejpj goyyf vhj orf|j{eohf decepj|f `fypehjpj hohyoco j celf|j|f e cvomne yjhpe dj jhinf j` oiivrj|f Mf|vyjcfddf f` jhhfppf|cj jcc-Oiie`fhpfi|eypejho hoh nj dje ygeo|jpo e ijre `fccj Inefyj# e rjre( Yvc rejho `fccj pfo|ej mev|eèij jiifppjpj ehOiie`fhpf# cj Ieppâ Yjhpj jrrj|pfhfwj è è|eppo jcc-Edrf|jpo|f è O|efhpf# jcc-Edrf|jpo|f èIoypjhpehoroce(

99( Vhj r|owj inf cj iohzveypj è Mf|vyjcfddf hoh f|j ypjpj r|om|jddjpj hå `jc Rjrj hî `jer|ehiere i|eypejhe inf jwfwjho rj|pfierjpo jccj r|edj I|oiejpj .:256:255% c-vheij I|oiejpj infmevhyf j lvoh gehf |eyef`f hfc gjppo inf hfyyvho yjrfwj lfhf iodf o|mjhe{{j|f cf hvowf iohzveypf(

90( Docpe ijwjcef|e f rfccfm|ehe# yieocpo ec co|o wopo# |efhp|jwjho eh Fv|orj# po|hjwjho j ijyj(Hjyifwj cã ec r|olcfdj è ègfh`f|f cf iohzveypf gjppf# olefppewo inf hfyyvho ye f|j roypo f hfyyvhojwfwj r|frj|jpo( Yfmho inf co Yre|epo `fccj I|oiejpj f|j zvfcco è celf|j|f cj Pf||j Yjhpj# hoh èoiivrj|cj decepj|dfhpf(

96( F yocpjhpo cj r|edj `fccf =/> i|oiejpf |evyiã hfc yvo ehpfhpo è celf|j|f Mf|vyjcfddf( Pvppf cfjcp|f gjcce|oho(

97( Gjccã cj yfioh`j i|oiejpj# `v|jpj `vf jhhe .::00$::07%# r|owoijpj `j vhj |einefypj è jevpo `jrj|pf `fc |fmho è Mf|vyjcfddf jcc-Fv|orj(

9=( Gjccã cj pf|{j i|oiejpj# `v|jpj yfe jhhe .::>=$::59%# inf we`f ec ijro `fe dvyvcdjhe# ec gjdoyoYjcjèho# |eiohzveypj|f Mf|vyjcfddf( F zve òllejdo yoggf|dj|ie rf| oyyf|wj|f vh freyoèo|ewfcjpo|f `fcco Yre|epo I|oiejpo(

9>( Cj pf|{j i|oiejpj f|j iodjh`jpj `j \eiij|ò Ivo| è Cfohf# |f `-Ehmnecpf||j# f `j Gecerro EEJvmvypo# |f è G|jhiej( Oiio||f |eio|`j|f inf j zvfypj i|oiejpj rj|pfierj jhinf c-edrf|jpo|fGf`f|eio Lj|lj|oyyj# pvppjwej hoh iodf iodjh`jhpf yvr|fdo# rf|inî î yiodvheijpo `jc Rjrj(

95( @vhzvf# vh edrf|jpo|f# c-vodo reõ ropfhpf è pvppj c-Fv|orj# iocve inf yge`jwj ec rjrjpo f inff|j ypjpo yiodvheijpo rf| zvfypo `jc Rohpfgeif# jwfwj iodf vheio dopewo è oho|f rj|pfierj|f jccjI|oiejpj iodf vh yoc`jpo yfdrceif( F do|e|â eh i|oiejpj# jhhfmjhò eh vh gevdf(

02( Rf| cj gf`f# rf| oppfhf|f c-eh`vcmfh{j rcfhj|ej# vh edrf|jpo|f î èyroypo rf|geho j coppj|f iodfyoc`jpo yfdrceif(

0:( Po|hejdo jccf i|oiejpf( Gjccã jhinf cj zvj|pj i|oiejpj# `v|jpj `vf jhhe .:<2<$:<20%# if|pjdfhpfcj reõ ehi|fyieoyj( Zve cf dopewj{eohe è ij|jppf|f rocepeio fllf|o ec yor|jwwfhpo yvccf |jmeohe `fccjgf`f( Rj|pepe rf| Mf|vyjcfddf# j ijvyj `fe |eijppe è Wfhf{ej e i|oiejpe ye |ep|owj|oho j iohzveypj|f

cj i|eypejheyyedj Ioypjhpehoroce# `jhò wepj j` vh fggedf|o edrf|o cjpeho# inf `v|ü roine `fifhhe(



0<( Cf jcp|f i|oiejpf gjcce|oho pvppf# hoh |jmmevhyf|o dje Mf|vyjcfddf(

09( @vhzvf# rf| jwf|f vh zvj`|o mfhf|jcf# jhinf yf mfhf|eio# cf i|oiejpf gv|oho =/># yrj|yf eh `vfyfioce è ypo|ej f we`f|o e i|eypejhe iodljppf|f yocpjhpo rf| roine jhhe(

00( Hfc :922# rjrj Lohegjieo WEEE ehèyyf ec r|edo Mevlecfo f yroypü c-eh`vcmfh{j rcfhj|ej `jccji|oiejpj jc rfccfm|ehjmmeo j \odj# |ehvhiejhò j` omhe pfhpjpewo è celf|j|f Mf|vyjcfddf( F|j cjgehf `fccf i|oiejpf eh Pf||j Yjhpj(

06( Wfhejdo j` vh jcp|o j|modfhpo; zvjhò ye rj|cj è i|oiejpf# j zvjcivho wefhf eh dfhpfc-ehvyepjpj weocfh{j ive ye jlljhòhj|oho e i|oiejpe# djyyji|jhò rorocj{eohe# p|vie`jhò fl|fe fj|jle(

07( E gjppe yoho hope f rv|p|orro p|jmeie( Zvjhò# hfccj r|edj i|oiejpj# hfcc-jmoypo `fc :255Mf|vyjcfddf wfhhf celf|jpj# Ã i|oiejpe ye jlljhòhj|oho j` vh pf||elecf djyyji|o( Dj# dfhp|f hohòllejdo hjyioh`f|f zvfypo jyrfppo i|v`fcf# p|jmeio f p|fdfhò# inf nj ij|jppf|e{{jpo cfyrfè{eohe i|oiejpf# òllejdo |eio|`j|f ioh go|{j inf hoh gv ec Rjrj# hoh gv cj Inefyj j` o|èhj|f edjyyji|e f cf weocfh{f( Zvfype gv|oho iodrevpe `j yoc`jpe inf jme|oho jc è gvo|e f iohp|o cfehpfh{eohe `fccj I|oiejpj(

0=( @ollejdo |eio|`j|f inf jccj i|oiejpj rj|pfierjwjho ijwjcef|e j|djpe f cjeie jhinf èyj|djpe(Zvfypf pv|lf è rfccfm|ehe# yfh{j jyrfppj|f e r|ehiere i|eypejhe inf òwfwjho ijrepjhj|f cjyrfè{eohf# mve`jpe f yoyrehpe `j ehèyiercehjpe f `j r|fèijpo|e edr|owweyjpe# ijrjie rf|ü èehgejddj|f f è p|jyiehj|f cf goccf# zvfypf pv|lf è rfccfm|ehe èifwo ye jlljhòhj|oho rf| fyfdreohfc io|yo `fccj r|edj i|oiejpj j weocfh{f ehjvèpf dfhp|f jpp|jwf|yjwjho c-Fv|orj rf| mevhmf|f ehPf||j Yjhpj(

0>( Hfccj r|edjwf|j `fc :257# yvccf ieppâ `fc \fho f `fc @jhvleo iodreoho |j{{ef f djyyji|e è ivegv|oho weppedf yor|jppvppo cf iodvhepâ fl|jeinf( Yj|jhho# ye |egcfppj yv zvfypo gjppo# e wfyiowe f cfjvpo|epâ gf`fce jcc-Edrf|jpo|f Fh|eio EW j` orro|ye je djyyji|e f mce fiifyye è zvfypf pv|lfehèyiercehjpf hoh pj|`j|oho j` fyyf|f rvhepe(

05( Gv|oho jppjiijpf f `fiedjpf j co|o wocpj# r|edj `jccf dece{ef `fe yemho|e fiicfyejypeie f roe `jzvfccf `fc \f è Vhmnf|ej f `je le{jhpehe# rf| fyyf|f ehgehf djyyji|jpf `je Pv|ine# jrrfhj eyvrf|ypepe ocp|frjyyj|oho co Yp|fppo `fe @j|`jhfcce(

62( @vhzvf# hoh ec Rjrj# hoh cj Inefyj jwfwj `jpo o|èhf è iodref|f zvfype djyyji|e(

6:( Royyejdo p|j||f vh lecjhieo iohicvyewo è zvfypj hoyp|j iohwf|yj{eohf( Hjpv|jcdfhpf# ie wvocflfh jcp|o inf vhj df{{-f|fppj rf| eccvyp|j|f zvjhpo we yj|fllf `j è|f yvccf I|oiejpf( Dj j hoe ljypjjwf|f yoppocehfjpo zvjcinf `jpo vpecf rf| |fyrehmf|f zvfccj r|orjmjh`j ehpf|fyyjpj inf iohye`f|j cjInefyj iocrfwocf rf| jwf| inejdjpo e roroce `fcc-Fv|orj i|eypejhj j celf|j|f ec Yjhpo Yfroci|o(

6<( Rf| gj|f zvfypo lecjhieo iohicvyewo# inf df|epf|fllf iodvhzvf è fyyf|f jrr|ogohèpo# iegjiiejdo jevpj|f `jcco ypo|eio G|jhio Ij|èhe( F eh yehpfye# royyejdo è|f zvfypo(

69( R|edo; cj i|oiejpj hoh gv dje yfdrceifdfhpf vhj mvf||j# f pjhpo dfho vhj ,mvf||j yjhpj,( Gvweyyvpj iodf rfccfm|ehjmmeo j|djpo# rf| ive ine we rj|pfierjwj jwfwj è|eppo j `fpf|dehjpf

eh`vcmfh{f(



60( Yfiohò; hoh î wf|o inf cf i|oiejpf r|owoij|oho cohpjhjh{j f ehedeie{ej |fier|oij p|jOiie`fhpf i|eypejho f O|efhpf dvyvcdjho( Ec rf|eoò `fccf i|oiejpf# zvfcco g|j Ê f ÊEE yfioco# gvjhinf zvfcco `fc djyyedo jwweiehjdfhpo g|j I|eypejhepâ f Eycjd( Rfhyjpf inf r|or|eo eh zvfypjfroij mevhmoho eh Oiie`fhpf# `jc dohò j|jlo# cj yiefh{j f cj gecoyogej icjyyeij inf we f|jho ypjpfèdfhpeijpf(

66( Pf|{o; hoh î wf|o inf c-Eycjd hoh ie nj reõ ropvpo rf|òhj|f cf i|oiejpf( C-Eycjd hoh yf h-f|jhfddfho jiio|po( Leyomhj jyrfppj|f ec yfioco yio|yo# zvjhò e dvyvcdjhe iocpe# ypvèjhò ehFv|orj# fhp|jho eh iohpjppo ioh cj cfmmfh`j hf|j yvccf i|oiejpf ehwfhpjpj `jcc-Eccvdeheydo( R|edj èjcco|j f zvfypo `jpo î jyyje yemhegeijpewo e Rjfye eycjdeie djhijwjho rf|yeho è vhj p|j`v{eohf ehcehmvj j|jlj `fc pf|dehf ,i|oiejpj,(

67( Zvj|po; j èyrfppo è zvjhpo ye i|f`f# hfe `vf yfioce è i|oiejpf# mce jhhe è mvf||j fggfppewj# èmvf||j mvf||fmmejpj# gv|oho jyyje roine( F gv|oho jyyje cedepjpe mce freyoè è gf|oiej# iodvhzvfhoh wocvpe `jccj Inefyj(

6=( F ehgehf vh-vcpedj iohye`f|j{eohf# inf rop|â yfdl|j|f yijh`jcoyj omme# weypo inf wewejdo eh vhdohò òwf e i|epf|e è mevè{eo yoho zvfcce ,cjeieype,# rv|p|orro gjppe r|or|e jhinf `j docpe hoyp|elvohe# dj ehmfhve# ijppoceie(

6>( Yf ye mvj|`j jc gfhodfho `fccf i|oiejpf f jccf dopewj{eohe inf yrehyf|o demcejej f demcejej èvodehe# òhhf f rf|geho ljdlehe j dfppf|ye eh dj|iej rf| celf|j|f cj Pf||j Yjhpj# j |eyinej|f cj wepj#j yopporo|ye j r|owf# gjpeinf f `v|f{{f# òllejdo è|f zvjhpo yi|ewf ioh io|jmmeo òh Cveme Hfm|e;,Zvfypj mfhpf yf hf î jh`jpj eh me|o rf| ec dohò rf|inî i|f`fwj inf Mfyõ I|eypo goyyf ecyemhegeijpo vcpedo `fccj wepj# ieü rf| ive wjcfwj cj rfhj è wewf|f f è do|e|f(

65( Hoh ye ropfwj jiifppj|f inf hoh ye ropfyyf reõ jh`j|f j` ehmehoiinej|ye òwf Mfyõ f|j hjpo fòwf f|j do|po( Q(((T Hoh ye ropfwj fyyf|f i|eypejhe eh Oiie`fhpf èdfhpeijhò e g|jpfcce j iveyj|fllf ypjpo edrfèpo è fyr|edf|f cj r|or|ej gf`f yf goyyf|o ij`vpe yoppo ec òdeheo `fe Pv|ine,(

72( Ioh zvfypo |einejdo jccj dopewj{eohf reõ r|ogoh`j inf nj yrehpo jccj I|oiejpj# royyejdoiohicv`f|f cj hoyp|j iohwf|yj{eohf

7:( Pvppe |ehm|j{eo( J |eyfhpe|ie# j @eo rejifhò# cj r|oyyedj wocpj(

Lelceom|jgej $ G|jhio Ij|èhe# Cf I|oiejpf p|j ec depo f cj ypo|ej# Eypepvpo è Ivcpv|j Howj Iewepjy#\odj :5=:( G|jhio Ij|èhe# R|oifyye jccj Inefyj( Deypegeij{eohf f jrocomej# Refddf Ijyjcf

Doh(po .JC% :550( Cveme Hfm|e# Iohp|oypo|ej( Vhj |ecfppv|j è deccf jhhe è wepj `fccj Inefyj# YjhRjoco# Ieheyfcco L(do .DE% <222( Cveme Hfm|e# Gjcyf jiivyf jccj Inefyj# Refddf# Ijyjcf Doh(po.JC% :55=(

Jdeie f cfppo|e# de jvmv|o inf zvfypo reiioco j|peioco yvccf I|oiejpf# ive hf yfmve|jhho jcp|e# jllejyvyiepjpo eh woe jcdfho ec `vlleo inf geho j` omme we yoho ypjpf ehyfmhjpf `fccf dfh{omhf(Iohicvò èifhò fyrceiepjdfhpf f yfh{j `vlleo inf ioh`jhhj|f f `fdohe{{j|f cf I|oiejpffzvewjcf j èyp|vmmf|f ec rjcj{{o `fcc―OHV f# ioh fyyo# pvppf cf yvf ehe{ejpewf f deyyeohe è rjifgehjce{{jpf jccj iewece{{j{eohf ‧eh gvpv|o we rj|cf|ü jhinf `fcc―OHV f è iodf òw|fllfijppoceijdfhpf orf|j|f(

Ij|co @e Refp|o .D(Y(D(J(%

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g|jhio$jdf|eijhj Kvèpn Ijljv` . % ypjleceyif rf|fhpo|ejdfhpf inf e mev`fe hoh ye `fwohoiohwf|pe|f( Mejddje* Hoh yo yf Dfyyo|e èm|emhjyyf jhinf e `fhpe |vmmfhò yeivp cfo dfhp|f coyi|ewfwj# dj cfmmf|f cj yvj r|fgj{eohf `j― r|or|eo zvfypj edr|fyyeohf( Ioypve `fc |fypo# meâ ehyemhepo`fc r|ewecfmeo `fcc―ehpf|weypj jc ropfhpeyyedo f eccvdehjpo ij|èhjc è Ljwef|j `fccj hfoinefyjiohiecej|f# hoh gj inf yfmve|hf cf o|df mev`je{{jhpe( Yfiohò ioypo|o pvppe e mev`fe yj|fllf|o meâ jroypo ioyã# yfh{j hfddfho yomhj|ye è |eiohoyif|f Mfyõ I|eypo wf|o @eo f wf|o vodo f cj Inefyj`j Cve yvrf|gcvjdfhpf goh`jpj( Jcco|j –rf|ge`j— hoh î jggjppo cj Ijljv`# j r|fyieh`f|f `jccf yvforeheohe èyivpelece# dj rf|geè jrrjeoho revppoypo zvfe hvdf|oye f lfh go|jmmejpe rf|yohjmme `jccjeddf|epjpj gjdj è –ijppoceie iohyf|wjpo|e—# yve zvjce p|ohfmmej ec df`fyedo Koyfrn \jp{ehmf|# infyvccj yiej |ohijccejhj eh oppfdrf|jh{j jccf r|fpfyf `fe wj|e Kvcfy Eyjji hoh womceoho inf jllej djecvomo cj iohwf|yeohf rf| cj zvjcf ehwfif Ey|jfc [occe f pvppj cj yvj gjdemcej |ehm|j{ej|oho @eo .f`

jhinf ec Rjrj –hoh$ lvoho— Reo ÊE%(

Io|occj|eo `fe –dfj ivcrj— f `fccf –|einefypf è rf|òho— `fccj Inefyj je mev`fe# `j \ohijcce j\jp{ehmf|# î cj èggvyeohf `fccj m|jh`f dfh{omhj yehi|fpeypj `fccj ioye``fppj –p|jè{eohf o ivcpv|jmev`fo$i|eypejhj— `j |epfhf|ye zvjcf goh`jdfhpo `fccj iewecpâ oiie`fhpjcf# yfiohò cj zvjcf ecI|eypejhfyedo yj|fllf vh df|o yoppor|oòppo `f|ewjpo `jc Mev`jeydo( F zvjhpo omme ye wf`f ehOiie`fhpf yj|fllf jcco|j hoh meâ c―fggfppo `fcc―jroypjyej jhpei|eypeij eh jppo# dj ec |eyvcpjpo `fccf`fgeiefh{f `fc I|eypejhfyedo# inf oiio||f|fllf io||fmmf|f |ero|pjhòco# dfèjhpf jlloh`jhpeehef{eohe è Mev`jeydo# jccj yjhepâ `fccj |fcemeohf dohèjcf `j zvfyp―vcpedo rjp|oiehjpj f è|fppj(Dj ec Mev`jeydo hoh i|f`f hfrrv|f jc Rfiijpo O|emehjcf ioh cj |fcjpewj ij`vpj `fcc―vodo f`fyicv`f zvehè cj hfifyyepâ è vhj |f`fh{eohf f è vh \f`fhpo|f( Zvfyp― e`fj# inf j||ewj `jcpjcdvèydo è Ljlecohej f `jc yf|rfhpf `fcc―F`fh# î cj df`fyedj r|orjmjh`jpj `jc `vo \ovyyfjv $Wocpje|f( Rfiijpo inf I|eypejhfyedo f Mev`jeydo pjcdvèio yejho p|j co|o jyyocvpjdfhpfehiodrjpelece f` jhpepfpeie f` jllejho eh iodvhf yocpjhpo ieü inf è iodvhf rvü fyyf|we p|j I|eypo fLfcejc# wjcf j è|f hvccj(

Cj zvfypeohf ijrepjcf î cj èwehepâ è Hoyp|o Yemho|f Mfyõ I|eypo( Iodf èif io||fppjdfhpf ec|jlleho Kjiol Hfvyhf|; –Mfyõ î ec I|eypo? Yf î ioyã# jcco|j ec mev`jeydo ij`f( Yf hoh î ioyã# jcco|j eci|eypejhfyedo yljmcej—. %( Rfiijpo inf jhio| dfho we yej iohpehvepâ p|j c―vho f c―jcp|o# pjhpo `j ropf| ioypepve|f vhj zvjcyewomcej p|jè{eohf( Iodf oyyf|wj mevypjdfhpf ec |jlleho Hfvyhf| –ec iohifppo èvhj p|jè{eohf fl|jeio$i|eypejhj Q‧T î yoco vh depo hfc yfhyo rfmmeo|f; vhj dfh{omhj(—. %

Weifwf|yj# ec òmdj dfèjpeio do`f|ho `fccj –p|jè{eohf mev`fo$i|eypejhj—# goh`jpo yvc hvccj# îjyyje hfifyyj|eo rf| cj r|orjmj{eohf `fccj |fcemeohf dohèjceypj# dfhp|f ye yoyrehmf c―vdjhepâ

ehpf|j hfc lj|jp|o `fccj M|jh`f Jroypjyej r|f`fppj `j Yjh Rjoco hfccj EE Freypocj jePfyyjcoheifye( JG

Dj zvfcco inf hoh ropfwj fyyf|f io||fppo î ec r|ehiereo `fccj hfifyyepâ è iohwf|yeohf `fe Mev`fe jI|eypo . %( Î hopo ec ijyo `fc |jlleho ijro `fccj yehjmomj è \odj .c-fzvewjcfhpf `fcc-froij è vh|fifhpf Fceo Pojgg o è vh oèf|ho @e Yfmhe%# Ey|jfc [occe inf# eccvyp|f f ohfypo ypvèoyo `fccfYi|eppv|f iohwf|pepoye jc ijppoceifyedo# ioc Ljppfyedo# woccf jyyvdf|f rf| |eiohoyifh{j ec hodf `fcRjrj Reo ÊE# Fvmfheo . %( Cj g|jpfccjh{j |fcemeoyj edrceij ec Rj`|f iodvhf inf ehweü yvo Gemceo rf|yjcwj|f mce vodehe jgg|jpfccjpe hfccj Rj|ocj èwehj( Rop|fllf cj Inefyj dvpj|f zvfypo yfhyo |ewfcjpo

rf| fwepj|f c―jiivyj è jhpeyfdepeydo? Fiio c―ehfyivyjlecf ehwf|yeohf hfccj Gf`f(



@oro Meowjhhe <9 fiio c-Vheohf Fv|orfj; cj Hvowj Po||f è Ljlfcf Wjpeijhj

Eh vh j|peioco docpo cvhmo `jc pepoco Djyy Eddem|jpeoh Jh` Pnf Hf} Po}f| Og Ljlfc è\fwocvpeohNj||u ye iepj vh djhegfypo# eh yfmvepo |epe|jpo# `fcc-Vheohf Fv|orfj;

,Ec r|om|jddj rvü fyyf|f weypo inej|jdfhpf eh vh djhegfypo `fcc-Vheohf Fv|orfj inf gv |epe|jpoòro inf j||ewj|oho `fccf cjdfhpfcf( C-Vheohf Fv|orfj î rj|pf ehpfm|jhpf `fc Hvowo O|èhfDohèjcf# fyyfhò vho `fe lcoiine iohpehfhpjce inf# iodf wefhf yvmmf|epo# î ypjpo `fypehjpo j`fyyf|f iodlehjpo eh vh gvpv|o mowf|ho dohèjcf( Iodf pjcf fyyj î ypjpj vhj go|{j p|jehjhpf èfp|oc-eddem|j{eohf è djyyj f ec dvcpeivcpv|jceydo# r|or|eo rf|inå zvfypf zvfypeohe yoho vhj rj|pf

goh`jdfhpjcf `fccj mfhf|jcf edr|fyj mcoljceypj( Co ypfyyo djhegfypo yedlocfmmejwj c-VheohfFv|orfj hfccj go|dj `fccj -Po||f è Ljlfcf- iodf |jrr|fyfhpjpj hfc èrehpo `fc :679 `fc reppo|fgejddehmo Refpf| L|vfmfc .wfè yor|j%( Hfc df{{o `fccj po||f i-f|j vhj m|v do`f|hj cj zvjcfyedlocfmmej inf cj Po||f î jhio|j eh gjyf è ioyp|v{eohf( Go|yf# jhio| reõ edro|pjhpf î ec gjppo infzvfypo djhegfypo yfdl|jwj ypfyyf èifhò inf zvfcce èfp|o cj VF ypfyyj f|jho wfhvpe rf| gehe|f eccjwo|o inf f|j ypjpo iodehiejpo hfcc-jhpeij Ljlecohej reõ è zvjpp|odecj jhhe gj(,

Cj Po||f è Ljlfcf è L|vfmfc



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Ye oiivrf|â è iodrfpepewepâ# è ehpfm|j{eohf `fe df|ijpe fv|orfe# è eddem|j{eohf f ywecvrro( Yeinejdj ¡L|vfmfc±# eh odjmmeo jc reppo|f gejddehmo# f yemhegeij ¡L|v~fccfy fv|orfjh jh` mcoljc

fiohodei cjlo|jpo|u%( Ec hvowo Ifhp|o ypvè# r|fyfhpjpo ef|e hfccj ijrepjcf lfcmj# yj|â r|fyef`vpo`jcc- f~ Ioddeyyj|eo Dj|eo Dohpe f è|fppo `jcc- fiohodeypj Kfjh$Reyjhe Gf||u( Ec ijrepjcf è ljyf îrj|e j < deceohe è fv|o f` î yoppoyi|eppo `j òèie mowf|he .p|j ive G|jhiej f Mf|djhej infcjhiej|oho c- ehe{ejpewj `vf jhhe gj% f `j :> yoiefpâ r|ewjpf( Ec mowf|ho epjcejho nj yoppoyi|eppo vhjzvopj# iodf rv|f cj Pfcfiod(

Rjmehj 5

.:5 mfhhjeo <226% $ Io||ef|f `fccj Yf|j

@jc yepo `fc L|vfmfc cfmmejdo inf;,C-e`fj ie i|fj|f vh hvowo pneha pjha fv|orfo ehèrfh`fhpf `fèijpo jcc-fiohodej ehpf|hj{eohjcf

`f|ewj `j èyivyyeohe r|ewjpf inf njhho ioehwocpo rocepeie# edr|fhèpo|e f jcp|f rf|yohf è èwf|yerjfye fv|orfe jccj gehf `fc <22<( C-e`fj î ypjpj jrr|owjpj f vggeiejcdfhpf èwvcmjpj `j G|jhiej fMf|djhej hfccj co|o èinej|j{eohf iohmevhpj j Rj|eme ec << Mfhhjeo <229( Dj|eo Dohpe î ypjpo ecr|edo r|fye`fhpf L|vfmfc `jc <226 jc <22>( @oro ec yvo djh`jpo î ypjpo hodehjpo r|fye`fhpfoho|j|eo eh |eiohoyiedfhpo `fc yvo m|jh`f iohp|elvpo f yoypfmho jc L|vfmfc(,.ec m|jyyfppo î hoyp|o#h`|%(\emvj|ò jcc-ehèrfh`fh{j `fc L|vmfc yvccf yifcpf fiohodeinf ie yj|fllf docpo `j |eè|f .o `j|e`f|f*% `jpo inf `jc <226# jhho `fccj goh`j{eohf `fc L|vfmfc# Dohpe î ypjpo jhinf IohyvcfhpfEhpf|hj{eohjcf rf| cj gjdemf|jpj Moc`djh Yjiny `fe Mfyvepe f r|fieyjdfhpf dfdl|o `fc \fyfj|inJ`weyo|u Iovhiec `fc Moc`djh Yjiny Mcoljc Dj|afp Ehypepvpf( Inf yp|jhf ioehie`fh{f*

,Ye yj inf Ijdecco \vehe nj docpo j ivo|f ec gvpv|o rocepeio è Dj|ifcco Rf|j f è Dj|eo Dohpe# ecr|edo ro|pjljhèf|j `fe hfoioh# ec yfiohò è m|jh`f |ecefwo ommfppewo ioh eh reõ ec lohvy èjwf| g|fzvfhpjpo cf yivocf `fe Mfyvepe,(



,Ec Ij|èhjcf Ijdecco \vehe# Weij|eo Mfhf|jcf fdf|epo è Yvj Yjhpepâ rf| cj èoifye è \odj f

J|ier|fpf fdf|epo `fccj Rjrjcf J|ieljyeceij Cjpf|jhfhyf# R|fye`fhpf fdf|epo `fccj ,Rf|fm|ehjpeo j` Rfp|e Yf`fd,# î hjpo j Yjyyvoco# eh r|owehiej è Do`fhj f èoifye è \fmmeo Fdecej$Mvjypjccj# ec:5 gfll|jeo :59:(,

gohpf; wjpeijh(wj

Zvehè ine ypj èfp|o c-Vheohf Fv|orfj è ive Dohpe î ypjpo vho `fe Ioddeyyj|e? E djyyohe? Eyeoheype? Yejdo è hvowo jc iodrcoppo mev`jeio$djyyoheio? Iohpehvejdo j cfmmf|f c-j|peioco è\fwocvpeohNj||u;

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,C-> èifdl|f :566# jccj ijppoceij -Gfypj `fcc-Eddjiocjpj Iohif{eohf è Dj|ej# hoyp|j Io$

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Cj ljhèf|j `fcc-Vheohf Fv|orfj î iodroypj `j :< ypfccf# f` î eyre|jpj `jcc-jv|focj è :< ypfccfinf jrrjeoho ehpo|ho jccj Djòhhj hfccf eddjmehe Ijppoceinf è cfe( F# zvfcco inf f|j vh

yedloco r|ogoh`jdfhpf |fcemeoyo èwfhhf cj ljhèf|j vggeiejcf `fcc-Vheohf Fv|orfj(, .ec m|jyyfppo f cj yoppocehfjpv|j yoho hoyp|e# h`|%(



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j Rj|eme# è yjhpj Ijpnf|ehf Cjlov|å(

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hfcc-ehpf|o dohò ijppoceio `j gj|f è zvfccj ¡Df`jmcej De|jiocoyj± vho `fmce ommfppe reõ èggvye#ioh docpf ifhpehjej è deceohe è fyfdrcj|e( Hf jwfwj jc iocco vhj è cjppj f cfmjpj ioh vho yrjmojhinf yjhpj Lf|hj`fppf Yovle|ovy zvjhò# c-:: gfll|jeo `fc :>6># fllf cj r|edj jrrj|e{eohf `fccjYemho|j# inf jrrj|wf wfypepj r|or|eo è lejhio f è j{{v||o(

Fllfhf# J|yîhf Nfep{ hoh f|j yocpjhpo vho `fmce ehhvdf|fwoce ijppoceie j` jwf|f yv è yåzvfccj Df`jmcej hjpj `j vh-jrrj|e{eohf# dj hvp|ewj vhj yrfiejcf wfhf|j{eohf rf|c-Eddjiocjpj( @vhzvf# rfhyü è ioyp|ve|f ec yvo èyfmho ioh cf ypfccf èyroypf eh ie|ioco# iodfhfccj Df`jmcej# yv vho ygohò è j{{v||o dj|ejho( Ec lo{{fppo# ioh yvj yo|r|fyj# wehyf eciohio|yo# cj ive ioddeyyeohf mevèijp|eif f|j r|fyef`vpj `j vh lfcmj è |fcemeohf fl|jeij#|fyrohyjlecf `fcc-vggeieo ypjdrj `fc Iohyemceo# Rjvc D( M( Cåwu# inf hoh iohoyifwj cf o|emehe`fc yedloco# dj gv r|oljlecdfhpf iocrepo royepewjdfhpf `je ioco|e( Eh fggfppe# c-j{{v||o f eclejhio .cf ypfccf# co èifwjdo# hoh f|jho mejccf dj lejhinf hfc lo{{fppo o|emehjcf% f|jho eioco|e `fccj ljhèf|j `fc hfohjpo Ypjpo `-Ey|jfcf( Zvfc wfyyecco ywfhpocü cj r|edj wocpj hfc:>5:# j Loypoh# yvccj yf`f `fccj ¡Yoiefpâ F`vijpewj Ey|jfcepeij± f ye eyre|jwj jcco yiejccf jyp|eyif vyjpo `jmce fl|fe rf| cj r|fmnef|j( Hfc :>5=# jccj Iohgf|fh{j è Ljyecfj# gv jòppjpoiodf yedloco `fcc-O|mjhe{{j{eohf Yeoheypj Dohèjcf# èwfhfhò roe hfc :50> cj ljhèf|j`fccj |frvllceij è Ey|jfcf( Eh vhj r|oyrfppewj è gf`f î gfceifdfhpf yedloceij zvfypj vheohf è|einejde i|eypejhe f` fl|jeie; cj òhhj è Hj{j|fpn# eh fggfppe# î cj ¡Gemcej è Yeoh± rf|fiifccfh{j# î ec cfmjdf p|j Jhpeio f Hvowo Pfypjdfhpo# î iocfe hfc ive io|ro ye |fjce{{j c-jppfyjdfyyejheij( Jhinf ec hvdf|o `fccf ypfccf yfdl|j ioccfmj|f yp|fppjdfhpf cf `vf gfè; òèie yoho

e gemce è Mejiollf f cf p|elõ è Ey|jfcf f òèie mce jroypoce è Mfyõ( @vhzvf# ec mev`fo$i|eypejhfyedo inf nj ioyp|vepo ec Iohpehfhpf vhepo eh vho ypfh`j|ò(



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òwfwj |egj|ye jc yeypfdj `fccj Oc` Mco|u# co ypfh`j|ò `fmce Vyj# òwf j` omhe Ypjpo gf`f|jpoio||eyroh`f vhj ypfccj?

J|yîhf Nfep{ |evyiã j iohwehif|f e |fyrohyjlece `fc Iohyemceo; rv| hoh |ewfcjhò cj gohpf |fcemeoyj`fccj yvj eyre|j{eohf rf| hoh i|fj|f iohp|jype# yoypfhhf inf ec òèie f|j# rf| cj yjrefh{j jhpeij# ¡vhyedloco è refhf{{j± f hoh òwfwj fyyf|f dvpjpo hfjhinf yf e dfdl|e jwfyyf|o yvrf|jpo zvfchvdf|o( Iodf ègjppe jwwfhhf f iodf o|j î ypjpo ypjlecepo `fgehepewjdfhpf `jccj hvowj Ioypepv{eohf(Zvfc hvdf|o è jyp|e inf# r|ogfpe{{j c-Jroijceyyf# gjhho io|ohj yvc ijro `fccj ¡@ohhj wfypepjè yocf± hoh yj|â dje dvpjpo(

Rf| gehe|f ioh vh rj|peiocj|f inf rvü fyyf|f dopewo è |egcfyyeohf rf| zvjcinf i|f`fhpf; cj yf`vpjyocfhhf `v|jhpf cj zvjcf cj ljhèf|j gv jòppjpj ye pfhhf# co èifwjdo# hfc :566# eh vh meo|ho

hoh yifcpo jrroyepjdfhpf dj `fpf|dehjpo yoco `jmce edrfmhe rocepeie `fe ijre è Ypjpo( Zvfcmeo|ho# rf|ü# f|j vh > èifdl|f# zvjhò ieoî cj Inefyj ifcfl|j cj gfypj `fccj EddjiocjpjIohif{eohf# cj |fjcpâ è gf`f r|fgemv|jpj `j zvfccj Df`jmcej ive cj ljhèf|j f|j eyre|jpj( Vhijyo# if|po# rf| docpe( Dj go|yf# rf| jcp|e# ec yfmho èyi|fpo dj r|fieyo è vhj |fjcpâ ¡jcp|j±# ehive nj vh yemhegeijpo inf rf| jcdfho deccf jhhe# yeho jccj cjif|j{eohf `fccj \ego|dj# r|or|eoDj|ej yej ypjpj wfhf|jpj `j pvppo ec Iohpehfhpf iodf ¡\fmehj `-Fv|orj±( .ec m|jyyfppo f cjyoppocehfjpv|j yoho hoyp|e# h`|%( @e Weppo|eo Dfyyo|e,

Weppo|eo Dfyyo|e ehyefdf jc Ij|èhjcf \jp{ehmf|# :5>0

Vhj ljhèf|j è eyre|j{eohf Ijppoceij# ie èif ec –iodrcoppeypj— Dfyyo|e yvc ,iodrcoppeypj, Io||ef|f

`fccj Yf|j# ioh `jpe jccj djho1 vhj ljhèf|j inf vheyif ,mev`fo$i|eypejhjdfhpf, e ijppoceie je yeoheypeè io|pf jyyjyyehe è Ey|jfcf# rjfyf inf jllejdo weypo fyyf|f hefhp-jcp|o inf vh gfvò Wjpeijho1 Vhjljhèf|j jòppjpj eh vhj yf`vpj yocfhhf c-> èifdl|f :566# cj gfypj `fcc-Eddjiocjpj Iohif{eohf# vhijyo# if|po# rf| docpe(((dj hoh rf| pvppe(

Jhèjdo jwjhpe ioh c-j|peioco è \fwocvpeohNj||u;

,Vh-vcpf|eo|f iohgf|j `fc ioehwocmedfhpo `fc wjpeijho hfccj i|fj{eohf `fccj VF rvü fyyf|f p|owjpo ehvh j|peioco `fcc-jmfh{ej è ypjdrj Ijppoceij [fhep# `jc pepoco -Cf O|emehe Ijppoceinf `fcc-VheohfFv|orfj-( Eh fyyo ye cfmmf;,E cfj`f| rocepeie inf njhho goh`jpo cj IFIJ ye yoho |ewfcjpe hfppjdfhpf Ijppoceie; \olf|p

Yinvdjh f|j ehpfhyjdfhpf `fwopo jccj gf`f f jggf|dü rvllceijdfhpf inf cf fhieiceinf rjrjce-`fgeheyioho cj òpp|ehj ijppoceij f ye cfmjho hfccj ioyiefh{j-( Aoh|j` J`fhjvf| f Jceif `fMjyrf|e Qfhp|jdle ijppoceie `fwopeT gv|oho rj|peiocj|dfhpf edro|pjhpe( Ec rejho `fc ij|lohf f



`fcc-jiiejeo gv |f`jppo `j vh gvh{eohj|eo# Kfjh Dohhfp# inf èwfhhf ec r|edo vodo j |eior|e|fcj ij|eij inf j`fyyo î inejdjpj R|fye`fhpf `fccj Ioddeyyeohf( Hoh f|j vh ijppoceioedrfmhjpo# dj c-j|inepfppv|j fyyfh{ejcf `fccf eypepv{eohe f|j meâ ypjpj yoypfhvpj `j Ynvdjhr|edj inf Dohhfp jh`jyyf hfccj yvj è|f{eohf ioh ec yvo r|omfppo(,.ec m|jyyfppo î hoyp|o# h`|%(Iodf j` fyr|edf|f c-edro|pjh{j è pjcf ioehwocmedfhpo p|owejdo inf Ynvdjh# J`fhjvf| f @f

Mjyrf|e yoho pvppe jcc-ehpf|ho `fc r|oifyyo è lfjpegeij{eohf( ,J`fyyo gf|dejdoie è hvowo f` fyp|jejdo zvjcinf rjyyo `fcc-j|peioco ,iodrcoppeypj, p|jppo `jc yepo`fc Ifhp|o Rjypo|jcf `fcc-Vhewf|yepâ Ijppoceij `fc Yji|o Ivo|f `jc pepoco Jccf goh`jdfhpj`fcc―Fv|orj; Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e;

,Rf| cj r|edj wocpj hfccj yvj ypo|ej# c°Vf nj vhj r|or|ej rf|yohjcepâ mev|eèij# ioh cj gjiocpâzvehè è ge|dj|f e P|jppjpe ehpf|hj{eohjce( Ehio|ro|jpj hfc P|jppjpo p|jdepf vh j|peioco#èwfhpf|â mev|eèijdfhpf wehiocjhpf rf| pvppe e rjfye `fcc°Vheohf Fv|orfj# dj hoh rf| \fmhoVhepo# Rocohej f \frvllceij Ifij inf njhho inefypo f oppfhvpo vh°fyfh{eohf(

Yf `j vh cjpo pjce edro|pjhpe howepâ ie ehio|jmmejho# ie rohmoho# `jcc°jcp|o# è g|ohpf jc r|olcfdj `fcgvpv|o `fcc―Vheohf Fv|orfj f `fccj yvj hfifyyepâ è |ecjhieo( Ec èljppepo# rf|ü# hoh rvü fyjv|e|yeyfdrceifdfhpf hfccj |eif|ij `fccj |erj|pe{eohf oppedjcf `fccf iodrfpfh{f g|j cj Ioddeyyeohf# ecRj|cjdfhpo f ec Iohyemceo( F― òwf|oyo `j rj|pf è pvppe hoe yg|vppj|f zvfypo dodfhpo rf| vhj|egcfyyeohf yvcc°e`fhpepâ r|ogoh`j `fcc°Fv|orj# yvc yvo fpnoy f ec yvo pfcoy# cf yvf |jèie i|eypejhf# cjyvj ijrjiepâ è jvpoiodr|fhyeohf(

Ec èljppepo î jdreo f iodrcfyyo( \epfhmo pvppjwej royyj ioypepve|f yrvhpo edro|pjhpf rf| pjcf|egcfyyeohf vh l|fwf |eio|ò `fccj gemv|j `fc m|jh`f ypjpeypj epjcejho Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# vh|eio|ò inf hoh jdleyif j` fyyf|f fyjvypewo dj inf ye jiiohpfhpj è |edjh`j|f e Cfppo|e j

rf|yohjce jrr|ogohèdfhpe(



Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e

@f Mjyrf|e gv vho `fe rj`|e goh`jpo|e `fcc°Fv|orj# ehyefdf j \olf|p Yinvdjh f Aoh|j`J`fhjvf| .pvppe f p|f gf|wfhpe ijppoceie# pjhpo inf `fe r|ede `vf ye î jrf|pj cj ijvyj èlfjpegeij{eohf% ( Co ypjpeypj p|fhpeho gv r|opjmoheypj `fccj |eioyp|v{eohf rocepeij f` fiohodeij`fcc°Epjcej òro cj yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf f cfj`f| `fe mowf|he è ifhp|o go|djpeye j rj|pe|f`jc :50=( Doyp|ü yvlepo è jwf|f cf e`ff inej|f yvccj ioccoij{eohf `fcc°Epjcej hfcc°Oiie`fhpf

jhpeiodvheypj f# eh zvjcepâ è R|fye`fhpf `fc Iohyemceo# ij|eij inf djhpf||â geho jc cvmceo `fc:569# iohp|elvã jcc°vyiepj `fcc°Epjcej `jcc°eyocjdfhpo ehpf|hj{eohjcf# gjwo|fhò c°j`fyeohf jcRjppo Jpcjhpeio f rj|pfierjhò jccf r|edf iohyvcpj{eohe inf jw|fllf|o iohòppojcc°vhegeij{eohf fiohodeij `fcc°Fv|orj(

@fieyewo eh pjc yfhyo gv ec yvo iohp|elvpo rf| cj go|dj{eohf `fc Rejho Yinvdjh inf jw|fllfiohòppo hfc :56: jccj go|dj{eohf `fccj IFIJ ( C―fv|orfeydo inf jhedü cj wepj rocepeij `fccoypjpeypj p|fhpeho hjyifwj eh r|edey `j vh go|pf `fye`f|eo è rjif òro mce o||o|e `fccj mvf||j infjwfwj `fwjypjpo ec hoyp|o Iohpehfhpf( @f Mjyrf|e f|j iohyjrfwocf inf yoco vh―Fv|orj vhepj jw|fllfropvpo jyyeiv|j|f jc Iohpehfhpf vh `v|jpv|o rf|eoò è rjif f inf r|or|eo zvfypj yj|fllf ypjpj cj wejinf jw|fllf iohòppo c°Epjcej j yvrf|j|f cj yvj i|eye .hopj è h}o$p|vpn|fyfj|in; zvfype yoho e yocepe

r|fpfype lvoheype ijppoceie rf| jiifhp|j|f ec ropf|f1 |eio|èjdo inf ec r|olcfdj f|j ec hj{eohjceydohj{eypj# inf jllejdo weypo fyyf|f jrrommejpo `jc wjpeijho$mfyvepe1 yv zvfypo j|modfhpo wfè ehehpf|hfp%( @j |eio|`j|f# ehgehf# e yvoe ygo|{e wocpe jccj i|fj{eohf `fccj Iodvhepâ Fv|orfj è @egfyj.IF@%# inf jw|fllf òwvpo jevpj|f c°Fv|orj j` jizveye|f djmmeo|f rfyo rocepeio hfe iohg|ohpe `fmceYpjpe Vhepe# pfhpjpewo gjccepo òro cj loiiejpv|j `fcc°Jyyfdlcîf Hjpeohjcf hfc :560(

Hfccf yvf e`ff i―f|j cj ivcpv|j `fc ijppoceifyedo `fdoi|jpeio f celf|jcf( F|j vhj weyeohf `fccjrocepeij r|ogoh`jdfhpf eyre|jpj je wjco|e i|eypejhe# dj eh ive ye fyr|edfwj ec r|ehiereo `fccjcjeiepâ `fcco ypjpo iodf wjco|f e||ehvhiejlecf( .hopj è h}o$p|vpn|fyfj|in; pvppe e cfj`f| ijppoceiejc ropf|f ye djyinf|jho èfp|o cj cjeiepâ `fcco Ypjpo rf| ro|pj|f jwjhpe mce olefppewe `fc Wjpeijho$

Mfyvepe%(Gf|wfhpf r|jpeijhpf .e||ehvhiejlecf rf| cve cj Y(Dfyyj zvopeèjhj%# hfc :559 ye î jrf|pj cjijvyj rf| cj yvj lfjpegeij{eohf(



vhj ehgcfyyelecf ehpfm|epâ do|jcf# rvü fyyf|f# rf| pvppe ioco|o inf ye `fèijho jccj rocepeij# vhfyfdreo è iof|fh{j vdjhj f i|eypejhj( @efp|o |einefypj `fN-¡Ehypepvp Yjehp$Lfhoãp rjp|oh `fc-Fv|orf±# jyyoiej{eohf ioypepvepjye rf| djhegfypj|f ¡cj yjhpepâ `fccj rocepeij± jpp|jwf|yoc-fyfdreo è \olf|p Yinvdjh# ec wfyiowo è Dfp{# òro ec hvccj oypj `fccj Yjhpj Yf`f .:6 how(:5>5%# nj ehe{ejpo cj ijvyj è lfjpegeij{eohf ec 5 mev( :552(,

@e Aoh|j` J`fhjvf| cfmmejdo yfdr|f hfc yepo Yjhpe Lfjpe f Pfypedohe;

Aoh|j` J`fhjvf|

,Ijppoceio r|jpeijhpf# gv rocepeio f ypjpeypj pf`fyio# hohinå vho `fe rj`|e goh`jpo|e `fcc-VheohfFv|orfj# ehyefdf jc g|jhifyf \olf|p Yinvdjh f jcc-epjcejho Jcie`f @f Mjyrf|e# fhp|jdleYf|we è @eo( Ijhifccef|f `fccj Mf|djhej `jc :505 jc :579 f cfj`f| `fcc-Vheohf I|eypejho$@fdoi|jpeij .I@V% `jc :562 jc :577# cj yvj ij||ef|j rocepeij ye î èrjhjpj rf| ie|ij 72 jhhe(Jhinf rf| J`fhjvf| ye cfwjho `j reõ rj|pe |einefypf è jrf|pv|j è vhj yvj ijvyj èlfjpegeij{eohf(

(((Hfc :50> iodehieü# ioh jcp|e fyrohfhpe `fccj io||fhpf rocepeij `fdoi|eypejhj fv|orfj .c-epjcejhoJcie`f @f Mjyrf|e f ec g|jhifyf \olf|p Yinvdjh eh r|edey% c-ehe{eo `fc r|oifyyo è|fjce{{j{eohf è r|omfppe è ioorf|j{eohf fv|orfj `j ive hjyif|jhho r|edj ec Df|ijpoIodvhf Fv|orfo .Dfi%# roe cj Iodvhepâ Fiohodeij Fv|orfj .Iff% f`# ehgehf# c-VheohfFv|orfj .Vî% ioh cj yvj dohfpj vheij Fv|o .:55>%( ,

Yfiohò \eho Geyeinfccj# \fppo|f `fccj Rohpegeiej Vhewf|yepâ Cjpf|jhfhyf;

,C-Fv|orj î hjpj i|eypejhj f yoco hfccj deyv|j eh ive |edj||â pjcf rop|â rfhyj|f è iohyf|wj|fj refho cf r|or|ef e`fjcepâ f ec r|or|eo jrro|po o|emehjcf jccj ioyp|v{eohf è vhj iewecpâ royp$do`f|hj( Cj Inefyj# `j rj|pf yvj# î ypjpj `jwwf|o cj iodvhf f jhpeij dj`|f inf nj `jpo wepj

jcc-vheohf è pjhpe roroce# inf jcivhe omme yfdl|jho wocf| èdfhpeij|f yfh{j iodr|fh`f|fòwf jggoh`jho cf r|or|ef o|emehe,(



\epo|hejdo j \fwocvpeohNj||u f jc djhegfypo `fcc-Vheohf inf jllejdo eccvyp|jpo jcc-ehe{eo;

Vh-vcpedj oyyf|wj{eohf î inf ec p|jppjpo rf| cj i|fj{eohf `fccj -Iodvhepâ Fiohodeij Fv|orfj .IFF%-î jhinf iohoyievpo iodf ec -P|jppjpo è \odj-( Fyyo wfhhf gedjpo j \odj hfc :56= .c―jhho eh iveMeowjhhe ^ÊEE rfhyü è ehè|f ec Iohieceo Wjpeijho EE# h`|%( Ye rvü gjiecdfhpf wf`f|f ec rf|inå ieyejho zvfcce inf èioho inf c-VF î yfdrceifdfhpf cj i|fj{eohf è vh hvowo Yji|o \odjho Edrf|o(.Hfc djhegfypo `fcc-Vheohf Fv|orfj ioh jc yvo ehpf|ho cj |eweyepj{eohf `fccj Po||f è Ljlfcf è

L|vfmfc# h`|% j ie|ioh`j|f c-eddjmehf `fccj po||f royyejdo wf`f|f cf p|jè{eohjce ypfccf mejccf jiehzvf rvhpf `fccj ljhèf|j fv|orfj( Cj ioyj inf iocrã eh zvfypo ijyo f|j inf cf ypfccf f|jho hfccjgo|dj è rfhpjm|jdde ehwf|pepe |eyrfppo jccj co|o |jrr|fyfhpj{eohf ypjh`j|`(

Rj|peiocj|f `fcc-eddjmehf `fc djhegfypo inf doyp|j e rfhpjm|jdde ehwf|pepe

Zvfypo òwfwj fyyf|f yfh{j `vlleo ehpfh{eohjcf( Hfc dohò `fcc-oiivcpo ec rfhpjm|jddj ijrowocpogv j cvhmo ec yedloco `fc djcf f `fc Ljgodfppo# inf j yvj wocpj î yoco vh jcp|o hodf è Yjpjhj( Coycomjh `fc djhegfypo f|j -Fv|orj; Docpf Cehmvf# Vhj Woif-( Ec yoppecf dfyyjmmeo zve p|jydfyyo f|j ec

`fye`f|o `fcc-VF f# rf| fypfhyeohf# `fc reõ jdreo Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf# è |edvowf|fiodrcfpjdfhpf pvppf cf ehèwe`vjcepâ# ioh pvppo ec ropf|f iohifhp|jpo eh vhj yocj rf|yohj( Eh geh `feiohpe yfdl|j inf cj rf|yohj inf Fyye njhho eh dfhpf yej ec Rjrj(



C-fègeieo `fc Rj|cjdfhpo Fv|orfo j Yp|jylv|mo

Ehgjppe# c-fègeieo ypfyyo `fc Rj|cjdfhpo Fv|orfo# j Yp|jylv|mo# eh G|jhiej# nj cj go|dj è vhj po||finf |eyvcpj gehjhinf ehiodrevpj( Hoh î vh ijyo# î ypjpo r|omfppjpo rf| fyyf|f vhj |jrr|fyfhpj{eohf`fccj Po||f è Ljlfcf ehiodrevpj( C-Vheohf Fv|orfj hoh î if|po pede`j hfccj yvj jyyoiej{eohf jccjPo||f è Ljlfcf( Hfc <220 ie gv vh r|omfppo ehpepocjpo cj -Po||f è Ljlfcf Fv|orfj-(Yvc co| yepo fyye einej|j|oho inf;,Cj |fjce{{j{eohf `fmce olefppewe `fc r|omfppo î ypjpj yoypfhvpj ioh c-jppvj{eohf `fc Ro|pgoceo Fv|orfo`fccf Cehmvf jc gehf è demceo|j|f ec r|oifyyo è ywecvrro è vh do`fcco è ieppjèho fv|orfo(,Jcp|e yedloce oiivcpe jyyoiejpe ioh c-VF iodr|fhòho vhj ypjpvj è òhhj j ijwjcco è vh po|o# gvo|e`jc yvo vggeieo j L|v~fccfy( Zvfypo î ec yedloco inf î ypjpo |erfpvpo hfc io|yo `fmce jhhe yv èwf|yfdohfpf f g|jhiolocce( Cj òhhj ye èif inf yej cj `fj rjmjhj Fv|orj f# yfiohò cj p|jè{eohf# ec po|o

î ec èo [fvy yoppo dfhpepf yromcef( Hfccj ypo|ej Fv|orj ye j||jdreij yvc ò|yo `fc po|o# inf roe yepvggj eh dj|f f cj ypvr|j( [fvy ro|pj roe Fv|orj j I|fpj# òwf cf |ewfcj cj yvj wf|j e`fhpepâ( [fvy î eh|fjcpâ yoco vh jcp|o hodf è Yjpjhj(

Fv|orj eh yfccj jc po|o [fvy .Yjpjhj%

Hfccj Lellej cfmmejdo inf î Rf|mjdo òwf -Yjpjhj nj ec yvo p|oho-( Zvfypo yj|fllf ypjpo ec M|jh`fJcpj|f è Rf|mjdo# ec zvjcf wfhhf `fèijpo jc èo [fvy( Cj iodr|fhyeohf `fccj wf|j hjpv|j`fcc-Vheohf Fv|orfj yfdl|j ioyã jlljypjh{j j`jppj rf| ropf| fyyf|f yedloce{{jpj iodf c-Fv|orjypfyyj inf wefhf weocfhpjpj f yfòppj `j Yjpjhj(

Jcivhe ioccfmjho cj ypjpvj jccj -òhhj eh yfccj jccj lfypej- |egf|fhòye jc Cel|o `fccj \ewfcj{eohf `fccjLellej( F- docpo r|oljlecf inf ie yej zvjcioyj è wf|o eh zvfypo# dj c-fyrco|j{eohf è zvfypo pfdjrop|fllf jccvhmj|f jhio|j è reõ vh j|peioco meâ docpo cvhmo(



Cj ypo|ej lelceij `fccj Po||f è Ljlfcf rvü fyyf|f l|fwfdfhpf |ejyyvhpj iodf yfmvf(Cj po||f gv ioyp|vepj hfcc-jhpeij Ljlecohej inf gv goh`jpj `jc |f pe|jhho f èppjpo|f Hed|o`(

Hed|o`

Ljlecohej î iohye`f|jpj cj r|ehierjcf gohpf è pvppe e -deypf|e- oiivcpe f Yjpjheie( Hed|o` ye |elfccü j@eo i|fjpo|f f if|iü è fcedehj|f cj gf`f eh Cve( Vho `fe yvoe dfpoè gv zvfcco è jvdfhpj|f eccewfcco `fccj pe|jhhej .iohp|occo ifhp|jcf `j rj|pf `fcco Ypjpo% ioyeiinå cj mfhpf jw|fllf òwvpo yejedrj|j|f inf èrfh`f|f `j cve f `jc yvo ropf|f( Jhinf jcco|j cj icjyyf è|emfhpf# hfccf yfdlejh{f èHed|o` f è yvj domcef Yfde|jde`f# yjrfwj inf yf vhj rf|yohj f|j yinejwj yre|epvjcdfhpf jcco|j cveo cfe ropfwjho fyyf|f popjcdfhpf iohp|occjpe( Zvfypo èwfhhf jhinf ec r|oroyepo `fccj -`fegeij{eohf-`fccj Yow|jhepâ f ec iohp|occo `j rj|pf `fccj cehfj è yjhmvf è pvppj cj |eiinf{{j f cj r|or|efpâ(Cj ypfyyj Po||f -ioh cj iedj hfe iefce- f|j ec cvomo òwf Hed|o` f|j `fypehjpo j cjwo|j|f yf`vpo yvcyvo p|oho f j mowf|hj|f iodf vh èo `jc iefco iodf vh djh`jpj|eo `fc yvo rj`|ohf Cviegf|o.zvjhò e yfmvjie `fccj Hf} Jmf o mce oiivcpeype rj|cjho `fc mfhf|f vdjho iodf yf goyyf vh @eo o`fmce `fe wjcf cj rfhj |eio|`j|f inf zvfypo î vh iohifppo docpo mf|j|ineio# ioh jcivhe -`fe- inf yohoreõ vmvjce `fmce jcp|e%(

Hed|o` f|j iohoyievpo eh zvjcepâ è docpf ioyf# dj yor|jppvppo f|j ec èo `fc yocf .yedloco èCviegf|o%( Fmce gv ec r|edo j if|ij|f è |evhe|f c-vdjhepâ ioh vhj yocj cehmvj f vh yoco yeypfdjrocepeio f |fcemeoyo( Ec yeypfdj |fcemeoyo èwefhf c-jreif `fe deypf|e inf |jrr|fyfhpjwjho ec ivcpo `fcèo yocf Cviegf|ejho( Hed|o` î ypedjpo `jccj djyyohf|ej f` î rf|yeho iohye`f|jpo `j jcivhe iodf ecr|edo dv|jpo|f# ioh cj po||f ypfyyj iodf edr|fyj djyyoheij( Zvfypj hoh î vhj yo|r|fyj rf|inå#

iodf wf`|fdo p|j roio# e cewfcce yvrf|eo|e `fccj djyyohf|ej jò|jho Cviegf|o( E rj|jccfce p|j cjioyp|v{eohf `fccj Po||f f cj òpp|ehj è Cviegf|o royyoho fyyf|f weype hfc wf|yfppo lelceio è Eyjej:0;:0# owf Cviegf|o eif;,Yjce|ü jc è yor|j `fccf jcpf{{f `fccf hvle1 yj|ü yedecf jcc-Jcpeyyedo,(Ec yemhegeijpo `fc yedloceydo `fc rjcj{{o `fc rj|cjdfhpo VF f zvfcco inf ec djhegfypo p|jydfppf îinf ioco|o inf yoho eh vcpedj jhjceye e |fyrohyjlece `fccj i|fj{eohf `fcc-VF ypjhho iohpehvjhò cjgecoyogej è Hed|o` f if|ijho è gehe|f zvfcco inf cve jwfwj ehe{ejpo( Vh Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcfioh vhj gjcyj vhehf `fcc-vdjhepâ# eh vcpedj jhjceye jc yf|we{eo è Cviegf|o( Yfiohò e |jiiohpe lelceie@eo oypjiocü zvfypo rejho yjpjheio `jhò je cjwo|jpo|e èwf|yf cehmvf f èyrf|`fhòce eh pvppo ecdohò( Zvfypo yehmoco jppo dehü c-jmfh`j è Yjpjhj/Cviegf|o rf| èwf|yf demcejej è jhhe(Rop|fddo fyyf|f pfhpjpe è rf|ifre|f zvfypo jppvjcf pfhpjpewo è vhe|f c-vdjhepâ iodf vhj ioyj

lvohj# dj î ehèyrfhyjlecf ijre|f inf cj go|{j p|jehjhpf î cj ypfyyj wfiinej jmfh`jYjpjheio/Cviegf|ehj rf|yfmvepj `jmce oiivcpeype mfhf|j{eohjce jc yf|we{eo `fc m|jh`f djcemho(Hed|o` gv iohye`f|jpo ec -Yoddo Yjif|òpf `fe Deypf|e Ljlecohfye-( Zvfypo pepoco# zvjcinf wocpj



inejdjpo „Rohpegf~ Dj~edvy―# jccj gehf j||ewü j` fyyf|f iohgf|epo j Mevceo Ifyj|f( Zvfypo ehij|eiogv djhpfhvpo `jmce edrf|jpo|e |odjhe geho jc 9=7 zvjhò ec M|j{ejho co |egevpü( Yviifyyewjdfhpfrjyyü jc wfyiowo è \odj# @jdjyo# hfc 9=7( Geho j` omme vho `fe docpe pepoce `fc Rjrj î zvfcco èRohpegf~ Dj~edvy .Rohpfgeif Djyyedo%# ec zvjcf yvmmf|eyif inf ioypve î jhinf ec -YoddoYjif|òpf `fe Deypf|e Ljlecohfye-(

Vh-ehp|o`v{eohf jccj hjpv|j rjmjhj `fccj Inefyj Ijppoceij rvü fyyf|f p|owjpj eh jcivhe we`fo hfccj|fpf .fyp|jppo `j; nppr;//|fwocvpeohnj||u(lcomyrop(iod/<2::/27/djyy$eddem|jpeoh$jh`$hf}$po}f|$og$ljlfc(npdc%

Weypf pvppf zvfypf yinejiiejhpe fwe`fh{f# j hoe è h}o$p|vpn|fyfj|in |eyvcpj g|jhijdfhpf |eèiocojggf|dj|f inf c-Vheohf Fv|orfj yej vh ioyp|vppo df|jdfhpf djyyoheio# zvjhò e gjppe ehèijho ecioehwocmedfhpo# eh pvppe mce jyrfppe# è gf|wfhpe ijppoceie `fwope jc Wjpeijho( Ie |eyvcpj jcp|fyã |eèiococ-jggf|dj|f inf ec Wjpeijho yej vh jppo|f yfioh`j|eo hfccj i|fj{eohf `fc Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf èive c-Vheohf Fv|orfj î vh pjyyfcco goh`jdfhpjcf( Iodf jwfpf cfppo yor|j ec Wjpeijho î ecr|opjmoheypj r|ehierjcf hfcc-fègeij{eohf è pjcf edrf|o eh omhe yvj gjyf# edrf|o inf ypj djh`jhò eh|owehj deceohe è rf|yohf eh pvppe e rjfye yvoe j`f|fhpe( Cj |eèiocjmmehf yvccj yfioh`j|efpâ `fc

Wjpeijho$Mfyvepe hfc ro|pj|f jwjhpe ec Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf î jhinf fwe`fhpf yf yejrr|ogohèyioho cf |eiinf{{f è pjcf ropfh{j deccfhj|ej .wfè j pjc r|oroyepo Ine î c―vodo reõ |eiio`fccj pf||j? f Cf Gehjh{f Wjpeijhf%# f ec yvo |voco ypo|eio è jyre|j{eohf jccj iohzveypj f jccjyor|jggj{eohf `fe roroce# iodf jwwfhvpo ioh cf i|oiejpf( C-Fv|orj inf wfèjdo yoppo e hoyp|e oiineî vh iohpehfhpf `flocf i|fjpo jrroypj rf| fyyf|f weppedj `fccj yrfivcj{eohf gehjh{ej|ej è Moc`djhYjiny f `fe yvoe èrfh`fhpe ijppoceie Dj|eo @|jmne# Dj|eo Dohpe f \odjho R|oè# pvppe gf|wfhpefv|orfeype iohpehvjpo|e `fcc-orf|j `fmce jwe rj`|e goh`jpo|e ijppoceie( Zvfypj i|eye fv|orfj `f|ewjhpf`jccj yrfivcj{eohf# jw|â iodf |eyvcpjpo ec iohyoce`jdfhpo `fc ropf|f gehjh{ej|eo Ijpppoceio \odjhof |einejdf|â vcpf|eo|e go|pe rocepeinf è jiifhp|jdfhpo è ropf|f rocepeio hfccf djhe `fc Wjpeijho$Mfyvepe# rf|inî# iodf jggf|dj co ypfyyo L|vfmfc$Dj|eo Dohpe;,Hoh òllejdo yo|r|fh`f|ie inf c-Fv|orj jllej leyomho è i|eye f è m|jwe i|eye rf| gj|f rjyye

jwjhpe( E rjyye jwjhpe `fcc-Fv|orj yoho rf| `fgehe{eohf ifyyeohe è rj|pe `fccf yow|jhepâ hj{eohjce j`vh cewfcco iodvhepj|eo(,

Ec gjppo inf hfyyvho r|edj `-o|j we jllej dje rj|cjpo è pjce yinejiiejhpe r|owf iohp|o ec Wjpeijho$Mfyvepe rf| hoe yemhegeij yoco inf eh Epjcej wemf ec yf||jpo iohp|occo `fccj iohp|oehgo|dj{eohf# owf cjiocrj î yjrefhpfdfhpf è|oppjpj wf|yo e ioye``fppe ljhinef|e Eccvdehjpe o e yeoheype( Dj yej mceeccvdehjpe inf mce fl|fe yeoheype yoho yoco vhj gjiiejpj `fc Wjpeijho$Mfyvepe# iodf jllejdo reõ wocpfjhjce{{jpo hfc hoyp|o lcom(

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Gf|dejdoie vh jppedo rf| iodr|fh`f|f fyjppjdfhpf iodf gvh{eohj ec –`flepo rvllceio— |eyrfppo jccjyow|jhepâ dohfpj|ej# inf î ypjpj jmm|fèpj jyyefdf j` jcp|f yow|jhepâ .fhf|mfpeij# jcedfhpjcf# pfyyecf#r|o`vppewj# jm|eiocj# ehgo|djpewj# yiocjypeij% òro jwf| `fdocepo eh yfmvepo jccf `vf m|jhè mvf||f#yfiohò vh rejho o|mjheio .wfè yijdleo freypocj|f p|j Reaf f Dj{{ehe% cf yow|jhepâ dohj|ineinf#cf ypfyyf inf |eij`fwjho yoppo c―ehgcvfh{j `fc Rjrj \odjho(

Ec `flepo rvllceio hoh fyeypf# î yoco vh f||o|f cehmveypeio

Iohye`f|j{eohe yvccj i|eye `fc `flepo hfc yeypfdj dohfpj|eo iohpfdro|jhfo;

:$ Ec r|olcfdj `fc `flepo rvllceio î vhj `fccf reõ m|jhè erhoye è djyyj `fccj ypo|ej( Rf|inå eh

|fjcpâ ec r|olcfdj `fc `flepo rvllceio# rf| vho ypjpo j dohfpj yow|jhj# hoh fyeypf( Yeiiodf ec `fhj|oî i|fjpo `jcco ypjpo jpp|jwf|yo cj ljhij ifhp|jcf# cj ljhij ifhp|jcf î eh m|jò è j``flepj|f jc pfyo|opvppo ec `fhj|o hfifyyj|eo jccf yrfyf `fcco ypjpo# jccf ehg|jyp|vppv|f f jmce ehwfypedfhpe((( .eh djhef|j

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j`fmvjpj f r|oro|{eohjcf jccj i|fyiepj fiohodeij f jccj djyyj dohfpj|ej eh ie|iocj{eohf $ rf| hohi|fj|f fiifyyewj ehgcj{eohf%(Yoco inf hoh wvocf gj|co( Rv|p|orro ieü inf jwwefhf omme î inf cj ljhij ifhp|jcf i|fj hvowo `fhj|odfppfhòco eh ie|iocj{eohf zvjye fyicvyewjdfhpf j lfhfgeieo `fc yeypfdj ljhij|eo( Zvfypf ehef{eoheè cezveèpâ .0>5 decej|è |fifhpfdfhpf% wjhho yã j lfhfgeiej|f e df|ijpe gehjh{ej|e# dj fhp|jho yoco

cedepjpjdfhpf hfcc-fiohodej |fjcf(

<$ C-vheij ijvyj `fccj i|eye fiohodeij f `fccj yge`viej `fe df|ijpe eh docpf hj{eohe `fcc-j|fj fv|oiodf c-Epjcej# î c-jò{eohf `fcc-fv|o iodf dohfpj(Ec djcmowf|ho f mce yr|fine# f pvppo zvfcco inf ie womceoho gj| i|f`f|f# hoh i-fhp|jho vh lfc hefhpf#heylj# {f|o( C-fhpepâ `fc `flepo rvllceio hfddfho( .Rf| fyfdreo ec Mejrrohf nj vh `flepo rvllceiodocpo reõ m|jh`f è zvfcco `fcc-Epjcej# frrv|f e |fhèdfhpe `fe yvoe pepoce è ypjpo yoho weiehe jcco{f|o( Zvfypo rf|inå ec Mejrrohf nj vhj ljhij ifhp|jcf inf ypjdrj ufh# f zvehè hfyyvho `vlepj`fccj yvj ijrjiepâ è |erjmj|f e `flepe%(

Ec r|olcfdj `fcc-fv|o ehwfif# î inf c-fv|o î vhj dohfpj pfiheijdfhpf yp|jhef|j# f zvehè mce ypjpe

iodf c-Epjcej inf c-njhho jòppjpj# hoh royyoho mj|jhpe|f cj |fypepv{eohf `fe `flepe hfccj co|o dohfpj#rf|inå hoh njhho reõ cj gjiocpâ è i|fj|cj(((# royyoho yoco r|fh`f|cj eh r|fypepo( Zvfypo è|eppo èi|fj|f dohfpj hfcc-j|fj fv|o î omme fyicvyewo `fccj LIF# inf rf|ü yfdl|j jwf|f `fe rejhe hoh docpoeh yehpohej ioh zvfcco inf î c-ehpf|fyyf `fccf hj{eohe `fcc-j|fj fv|o(((

.O|j cj ypjhmjpj è Dj|eo Dohpe î è 02 decej|è( RF\ FWEPJ\F CJ YPJHMJPJ LJYPJWJINF CJ LIF EHWFIF @EIFYYF J@ VH GVH[EOHJ\EO @E @EMEPJ\F ,02(222(222(222 fv|o,HFC IOHPO @FC PFYO\O EPJCEJHO yoppo cf ,rjyyewepâ, f cj ypfyyj ieg|j hfc yvo iohpo hfccf,jppewepâ—( Edrefmjwj vh dehvpo( @oroèinî co ypjpo epjcejho ropfwj jii|fèpj|f yperfhè# rfhyeohe# rjmj|fgo|hepv|f# loccfppf rf|inî ec yvo iohpo io||fhpf f|j jvdfhpjpo è 02 decej|è(((( $ `jc go|vd èiol|jg(iod%

9$ Co ypjpo rop|fllf i|fj|f dohfpj yfh{j fdfppf|f pepoce è ypjpo# è|fppjdfhpf jii|fèpjhò ec pfyo|o#j pjyyo {f|o(J` omhe doò# rf| |edjhf|f j` omme# jhinf ec `flepo jiivdvcjpo p|jdepf pepoce è ypjpo f eiohyfmvfhpe ehpf|fyye# yoho vh r|olcfdj e||ecfwjhpf rf| vho ypjpo j dohfpj yow|jhj( Yocepjdfhpf coypjpo fdfppf yfdrceifdfhpf hvowe pepoce è ypjpo rf| |edlo|yj|f e pepoce è ypjpo mevhpe j djpv|j{eohf(Ehocp|f e |fhèdfhpe yve pepoce è ypjpo j||eiineyioho e ieppjèhe inf jizveypjho e pepoce è ypjpo# j |eyineo{f|o rf|inå ec `flepo è vho ypjpo j dohfpj yow|jhj î yfdr|f yocwelecf(Jccj ljyf |edjhf yfdr|f cj gjiocpâ `fcco ypjpo è i|fj|f dohfpj `jc hvccj# f cj iohyfmvfhpf if|pf{{j

`fccj yvj jlecepâ è |erjmj|f e `flepe f mce ehpf|fyye(0$ Ec r|olcfdj `fc `flepo rvllceio î vheijdfhpf vh r|olcfdj CEHMVEYPEIO(Ec `flepo rvllceio hoh rvü fyyf|f inejdjpo `flepo rvllceio# rf|inå eh vho ypjpo j dohfpj yow|jhj# ec`fhj|o `j |fypepve|f î i|fjpo `jc iocve inf î eh`flepjpo( Yvrrohejdo inf eo yej c-vheij rf|yohj jcdohò j` jwf|f ec è|eppo è i|fj|f ,ieii|emope, .$ hoh yo yo ioyj yejho(((%# dj no gjiocpâ è r|o`v|hfeh djhef|j eccedepjpj f eypjhpjhfjdfhpf# `jc hvccj; j zvfypo rvhpo# ec gjppo inf eo jllej vh `flepo èvh deceohf è p|eceohe è ,ieii|emope, ioh pf hoh yemhegeij hvccj# rf|inå pv hoh `vlepf|je `fccj dejjlecepu po rju# owwf|o `fccj dej jlecepâ è |fypepve|f e ,ieii|emope,# rf|inå ce royyo i|fj|feypjhpjhfjdfhpf(

Co ypfyyo èyio|yo wjcf rf| vhj dohfpj yow|jhj iodf ec òccj|o# co ufh# o ec g|jhio ywe{{f|o(((Zvehè eh zvfypo yfhyo î edr|or|eo vyj|f ec pf|dehf ,`flepo,# rf|inå zve ye p|jppj è zvjcioyj inf îyfdr|f |fypepvelecf rf| `fgehe{eohf(



6$ Ec r|olcfdj `fc `flepo rvllceio î vheijdfhpf vh r|olcfdj CEHMVEYPEIO( Zvfypo rf|inå cjdohfpj î i|fjpj `jc hvccj `jcco ypjpo# yfh{j jcivhj rj|epâ o iohwf|pelecepâ ioh c-o|o o ioh jcp|e lfhegeyeie |fjce( Yf goyyedo yoppo ec moc` ypjh`j|`# jcco|j yã# ec `flepo rvllceio yj|fllf vh r|olcfdj |fjcf#rf|inå zvjhpo òwvpo io||eyroh`f|fllf j vh fzvewjcfhpf eh o|o( Dj omme# jcc-ehpf|ho `fc hoyp|oyeypfdj dohfpj|eo# ec `flepo rvllceio rf| vho ypjpo j dohfpj yow|jhj hoh î vh `flepo |fjcf# rf|inå

hoh io||eyroh`f j` jcivh lfhf djpf|ejcf inf `fwf fyyf|f |fypepvepo(

7$ Ec r|olcfdj `fc `flepo rvllceio î vheijdfhpf vh r|olcfdj CEHMVEYPEIO(Ec `flepo rvllceio ye jiivdvcj fyyfh{ejcdfhpf jpp|jwf|yo ec `fgeiep è lecjhieo `fcco ypjpo( Dj ec`fgeiep `fcco ypjpo# hfc yeypfdj dohfpj|eo iohpfdro|jhfo# î royepewo# rf|inå yemhegeij yfdrceifdfhpfinf co ypjpo eddfppf REV- dohfpj hfc yeypfdj fiohodeio r|ewjpo# è zvjhpo hf |eifwf ehèfp|o ioh cfpjyyf( Yeiiodf e yocè hoh reowoho `jc iefco .f hoh yoho iohwf|pelece eh o|o%# dj ce i|fj `jc hvccjvho ypjpo j dohfpj yow|jhj# zvjhò co ypjpo î eh `fgeiep j||eiineyif e ieppjèhe# rf|inå zvfypoyemhegeij inf èyp|elveyif reõ yocè hfccj yoiefpâ è zvjhpe hf |einef`f ehèfp|o( Ehwfif zvjhò coypjpo î eh yv|rcvy# yemhegeij inf e yocè inf fhp|jho hfccf ijyyf `fcco ypjpo m|j{ef jccf pjyyf# yoho èreõ è zvfcce inf co ypjpo yrfh`f rf| cj yoiefpâ# f zvehè e ieppjèhe ye edrowf|eyioho(

Jppfh{eohf; ec mowf|ho Dohpe nj ehyf|epo hfccj ioypepv{eohf epjcejhj cj rj|epâ è lecjhieo( Zvehè rf|cfmmf ioypepv{eohjcf# c-Epjcej hoh rvü reõ j||eiine|ye(

=$ Yoco vh go|pf jvdfhpo `fccf fyro|pj{eohe $ è yocepo m|j{ef jccj ywjcvpj{eohf $ rvü iodrfhyj|f cjrf|èpâ è |eiinf{{j `fe ieppjèhe òwvpo j vh yv|rcvy è lecjhieo `fcco ypjpo# rf|inå ioh vh jvdfhpo`fccf fyro|pj{eohe fhp|f|fllf hvowo `fhj|o g|fyio r|owfhefhpf `jcc-fypf|o fhp|f|fllf hfc yeypfdj(C-fzvj{eohf ljyf `fc yeypfdj fiohodeio iohpfdro|jhfo ljyjpo yvccj dohfpj i|fjpj `jccj ypjpo .`jchvccj%# î;@odfypei R|ewjpf Ljcjhif ! @odfypei Mowf|hdfhp Ljcjhif ! Go|femh Ljcjhif 4 2 Qlecjhieoòdfypeio r|ewjpo ! lecjhieo òdfypeio `fcco ypjpo ! lecjhieo fypf|o 4 2T

Zvehè djpfdjpeijdfhpf# rf|inå ec lecjhieo r|ewjpo .zvfcco `fe ieppjèhe% yej eh royepewo .eh yv|rcvy%#î hfifyyj|eo inf ec lecjhieo `fcco ypjpo yej hfmjpewo .eh `fgeiep%# .j dfho inf# iodf meâ `fppo# hoh ieyej vhj m|oyyj ehgcvfh{j royepewj `fc lecjhieo fypf|o%(Eh r|jpeij# reõ co ypjpo j dohfpj yow|jhj yrfh`f j `fgeiep# reõ j||eiineyif e ieppjèhe(

Zvehè |ejyyvdfhò# cj i|eye fiohodeij dohèjcf î è hjpv|j erhopeij# f` î ijvyjpj fyyfh{ejcdfhpf`jcc-oyyfyyeohf è |e`v||f ec `flepo rvllceio# zvjhò rf| @FGEHE[EOHF# eh zvfypo yeypfdjfiohodeio# ec `flepo rvllceio# hoh î `flepo# rf|inå fzvewjcf jccj |eiinf{{j# ieoî jc `fhj|o dfyyo ehie|iocj{eohf j lfhfgeieo `fe ieppjèhe(

Zvehè o zvjcivho ye ehwfhpj vhj hvowj rj|ocj `j ehyf|e|f hfc è{eohj|eo# o hoh hf vyiejdo reõ( Eoiohyemcef|fe rf| fyfdreo ,lfhfgeieo rvllceio, ehwfif è `flepo rvllceio(

>$ Iohicv`fhò# cj i|eye fiohodeij `fc `flepo# hjyif iodf erhoye è djyyj f ye iohi|fpe{{j hfccj|fjcpâ yoco rf|inå î vpecf;

J( jccf fcepf gehjh{ej|ef .inf ye j||eiineyioho r|edj ioh cj yrfivcj{eohf# f roe jizveyfhò jppewepâfiohodeinf gjccepf f hj{eohe j r|f{{e yp|jiiejpe# f ropfhò èyro||f è hvowj go|{j cjwo|o ioh yjcj|edocpo reõ ljyye%(

L( jccf fcepf rocepeio$djyyoheinf$mcoljceypf .inf m|j{ef jccj rjv|j# jcc-ehyeiv|f{{j f jccj yoggf|fh{j

`fccj rorocj{eohf `v|jhpf rf|eoè è i|eye# royyoho ro|pj|f jwjhpe ioh gjiecepâ e co|o r|omfppe rocepeieeh djhef|j jvpo|epj|ej f jhpe`fdoi|jpeij%(



mvj|èj omhe iehzvjhpj dfp|e( Nj vh yoco iodrepo# ec iodrepo `fpf|dehjhpf; ehgo|dj|f è omhehoyp|o |fyre|o# p|jdepf co yp|jo|èhj|eo l|jiiejcfppo fcfpp|oheio inf ye inejdj –iohpo io||fhpf—# em|jhè Ijre yp|jhef|e# dje fcfppe f yiohoyievpe je ieppjèhe# inf njhho dfyyo gehf jcc―vcpedj rj|wfh{j`fmce Ypjpe hj{eohjce vhegeijhò `fdoi|jpeijdfhpf geyijcepâ f lecjhie `fcc―Edrf|o( F cf ifcfl| j{eohe

rf| e :62 jhhe `fcc―Vhepâ `―Epjcej? Inf cf jllejdo gjppf j gj|f? Jn* Zvfypj î ypjpj vhj ij|pj yvrf|lj

inf cj lvohj yo|pf nj dfyyo j èyroye{eohf `fe mowf|hjhpe reõ p|jèpo|e inf mce Epjcejhe# rv| ioh vhjp|jmeij ypo|ej è p|jèdfhpe jccf yrjccf# jllejho dje jwvpo( Zvjcf djmmeo| go|pvhj inf zvfccj èmo`f|ye mce oho|e `fcc―fyjcpj{eohf `fcco Ypjpo dfhp|f co ye rvmhjcj?

Zvjye pvppf cf èppjpv|f yoho hjpf ioh ec iohyfhyo `fccf jvpo|epâ cfmeppedf( Hfyyvhj# rf|ü# nj jwvpo#vhj djyinf|j m|oppfyij# j`è|eppv|j ehwf|oyedecf# iodf c―jppvjcf; ec wopo `fe rj|cjdfhpj|e eh ij|eij

rf| viie`f|f co Ypjpo yvc zvjcf mowf|hj( Cj ljppjmcej rf| c―fv|o# ehgjppe# î cj ljppjmcej gehjcf inf îypjpj yijpfhjpj jrroyepjdfhpf rf| ylj|jmcej|f mce Ypjpe hj{eohjce( Ec r|olcfdj hoh î ec `flepo# iodfo|dje pvppe yjhho# dj ec hoh royyf`f|f cj ljhij hj{eohjcf inf fdfppj cj dohfpj( Hfyyvho ye eccv`jinf cj ljppjmcej ypf|dehjp|eif hoh yj|â ro|pjpj geho eh gohò# djcm|jò yej fwe`fhpf inf c―Vheohffv|orfj gehe|â iodf jc yocepo# ioh ec iohgceppo g|j mce Ypjpe reõ go|pe# rf|inå f|j zvfypo co yioro geh `jc

r|ehiereo; èyp|vmmf|f ioh ec meoio `fc `fhj|o zvfcco inf hoh ye ropfwj èyp|vmmf|f ioh e ijhhohe(

Hoh i|fò inf e rj|cjdfhpj|e epjcejhe yejho pvppe r|ewe è vhj yej rv| dehedj l|eieocj è yfhyo`fcc―oho|f f `fc òwf|f wf|yo zvfe rowf|jiie inf njhho jwvpo ge`viej eh co|o( R|edj è iohyfmhj|yejccj ypo|ej iodf p|jèpo|e f jyyjyyehe `fcc―Epjcej# ye |fh`jho iohpo inf# |egevpjhò ec r|or|eo iohyfhyof r|fpfh`fhò ec |epo|ho jccj yow|jhepâ dohfpj|ej# yj|fllf|o jhio|j eh m|jò è yjcwj|f mce Epjcejhe ehdoò cfmeppedo `jc r|oyyedo gvpv|o è ehyv||f{eohf f è mvf||j eh Fv|orj( F― vh jrrfcco inf yi|ewohfccj yrf|jh{j è vh vcpedo |jwwfèdfhpo1 dj jhinf rf|inå e pfypedohe `fccj o||elecf p|jmfèj infypejdo wewfhò# njhho ec òwf|f è cjyiej|f jmce ypo|eie è òdjhe vhj òivdfhpj{eohf if|pj yve|fyrohyjlece `fccj gehf `fccj iewecpâ fv|orfj(

E`j DjmceGohpf; }}}(epjcejhecelf|e(ep \odj# := @eifdl|f <2::

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Hoh pjif|f reõ# Dj`|f Inefyj# dj m|e`j go|pf f ègfhè e pvoe gemce(

I―î zvjcioyj è yo|r|fh`fhpf ’ rf| df# ijppoceio ’ hfc yecfh{eo `fccj Inefyj è g|ohpf j zvfcco infypj jiij`fhò eh Epjcej f eh Fv|orj .iodf è g|ohpf jccj yjhmvehoyj mvf||j jccj Celej o je pjdlv|e èmvf||j inf j||ewjho `jc Dfèo O|efhpf jppo|ho jccf j|de hvicfj|e e|jhejhf%(

E wfyiowe f cj Yjhpj Yf`f ie njhho jlepvjpo j vh m|jh`f ehpf|wfhpeydo .rf| docpe rf|geho fyjmf|jpo%(

F― `vhzvf yp|jho inf `j yfppedjhf hoh ye yej yfhpepj vhj rj|ocj yv vhj i|eye inf |eyinej è p|jwocmf|fc―Fv|orj f ec dohò ehpf|o f inf nj iodf freifhp|o c―Epjcej(

Frrv|f î cj reõ m|jwf i|eye `jccj yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf .hfddfho c―ehwepo ’ inf de f|orf|dfyyo è gj|f ’ j vh―ehe{ejpewj è r|fmnef|j rf| c―Epjcej î ypjpj |jiiocpj%(

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CJ DJ[[JPJ

Co yifhj|eo î ivreyyedo( Rf|yohjcdfhpf no weypo è lvoh oiineo cj hjyiepj è zvfypo mowf|ho#yrf|jhò eh vhj m|jh`f rjiegeij{eohf hj{eohjcf f hfc |eyjhjdfhpo fiohodeio .yoho ypjpo g|j e roine#yv zvfypo meo|hjcf# j yoypfhf|co%(

De jvmv|o jhio|j inf |efyij(

Dj `fwo |eiohoyif|f inf o|dje cj `fcvyeohf î m|jh`f hoh yoco rf| cf ij`vpf è ypecf# c―j||omjh{j o epfdre yljmcejpe( Yor|jppvppo rf|inå ye jhhvhiejho r|owwfèdfhpe èyjyp|oye rf| mce epjcejhe f rf|c―fiohodej eh mfhf|jcf(

Cf gjdemcef `fc hoyp|o Rjfyf ypjhho rf| fyyf|f iocrepf `j vhj dj{{jpj è èdfhyeohe ehjvèpf `jrj|pf `fcco Ypjpo f e wfyiowe epjcejhe ’ inf iohpehvjdfhpf f mevypjdfhpf jc{jwjho cj co|o woifgeho j vh dfyf gj inef`fhò ec –zvo{efhpf gjdecej|f— f –cj i|fyiepj— ’ hoh r|ogf|eyioho rj|ocj(

Yfdl|jho ehpedeèpe `je r|ogfyyo|e( Dj yrfhhj|f ioyã e iohp|elvfhpe ioh e|rfg f eie hoh yfdl|j vhj rf|go|djhif `j –cvdehj|e—; yj|fllf ypjpo ijrjif zvjcyejye rocepeijhpf(

@j –yiefh{ejpe— pjhpo ifcfl|jpe ie ye jyrfppjwj inf gehjcdfhpf pjmcejyyf|o mce yr|fine# hoh cj yjhepâ .inf î meâ jc cvdeieho%( @owfwjho jh`j|f j pjyyj|f e iohpe io||fhpe eh Ywe{{f|j .iodf njhho gjppoMf|djhej f G|jhiej% f hoh èyyjhmvj|f jhio| reõ e iohp|elvfhpe ohfype inf meâ yoho dfyye ehmehoiineo `jc geyio(

Jw|fllf|o òwvpo gehjcdfhpf dfppf|f j |f`èpo .djmj|e j mj|jh{ej `fc `flepo% c―fho|df

rjp|edoheo rvllceio# hoh jggjdj|f cf gjdemcef f iocre|f e djcjpe# `fr|edfhò jhio|j è reõc―fiohodej(

@―jcp|j rj|pf yf zvfype –r|ogfyyo|e— goyyf|o fiohodeype ioyã l|jwe hoh yj|fllf|o ypjpe j yvo pfdroioyã fhpvyejype `fcc―fv|o djmhegeijhòco iodf cj wej `fc rj|jèyo( Zvjhò ehwfif î ypjpj cj wej`fcc―ehgf|ho(

J`fyyo yoho ypjpe inejdjpe j yeypfdj|f cf ioyf( Dj ec pedo|f î inf ioypo|o hoh yejho e dfèie#lfhyã cj djcjppej( Jhinf rf|inå î ec |emo|f dohfpj|eypj inf nj i|fjpo ec r|olcfdj# hoh rvü fyyf|f`vhzvf cj yocv{eohf(

GEHF @FCCJ CELF\PJ― ?

Cj hjyiepj `fc mowf|ho `fe pfiheie î meâ ypjpo vh iocro jccj `fdoi|j{ej .j r|oroyepo; òwf yohoioco|o inf njhho yp|eccjpo geho|j iohp|o ec –ro|ifccvd— f ec rj|cjdfhpo `fe hodehjpe? Iod―î inf yegjhho rejif|f vh mowf|ho è hoh fcfppe `j hfyyvho?%(

Dj o|j we ye jmmevhmf vh iocro rv|f jccj celf|pâ iewecf f` fiohodeij# rf|inå c―vcpf|eo|f wfyyj{eohfgeyijcf .ocp|fpvppo ioh deyv|f roce{efyinf% ro|pj j vhj `|jypeij |e`v{eohf `fccj celf|pâ(

Co Ypjpo î yfdr|f reõ rj`|ohf `fccf hoyp|f wepf# `fe hoyp|e lfhe# `fc hoyp|o cjwo|o f zvfypo î`|jddjpeio(

@ow―î cj Dj|ifmjmcej inf yp|eccjwj iohp|o cj r|fyyeohf geyijcf f inf omhe meo|ho r|opfypjwj rf| cj–i|fyiepj—? F― eh io|yo vh go|de`jlecf rjyyjmmeo è |eiinf{{j `jccf gjdemcef .`je co|o |eyrj|de%wf|yo jcp|f `fypehj{eohe( F mce epjcejhe yoho ehègfye(



Pvppf cf rocfdeinf yvccj ijypj .iohifhp|jpf yoco yvccj rocepeij% njhho ro|pjpo j zvfypo; hfyyvhj|e`v{eohf `fe r|ewecfme f eh reõ vhj hvowj ijypj pfiholjhij|ej inf òdehj ioh vhj `fdoi|j{ejyoyrfyj( Rv|f ec R`c pjif f jiiohyfhpf(

Eh zvfypj mfhf|jcf djhijh{j è èljppepo# è roye{eohe i|epeinf# ec yecfh{eo `fe wfyiowe epjcejhe ye hopj

roio( Dj i―î f rfyj(

Eo hoh iohèweò hjpv|jcdfhpf ec djce{eoyo yoyrfppo è ine ehyehvj inf cj Ife ypj|fllf iorf|pjrf| fwepj|f inf ec mowf|ho jr|j ec òyyef| –eie `fmce fhpe fiicfyejypeie— f –oppo rf| deccf—(

Dj r|or|eo rf|inå hoh i|fò j zvfypf ehyehvj{eohe de jyrfppo inf e wfyiowe gjiiejho yfhpe|fg|jmo|oyjdfhpf cj co|o woif(

Hoh î –Jwwfhe|f— inf nj ifcfl|jpo ec r|fyvhpo –|epo|ho— `fe ijppoceie jccj rocepeij m|j{ef jc iohwfmhoè Poè? Hoh î j Poè inf î ypjpo jlljppvpo ec r|fif`fhpf mowf|ho?

CJ LFGGJ @E PO@E

Fllfhf# ef|e# r|or|eo ec r|opjmoheypj è Poè# ieoî ec cfj`f| `fccj Ieyc Lohjhhe ’ inf gvj|lep|j|ejdfhpf iohye`f|jpo rf| c―oiijyeohf cj woif vggeiejcf `fc dohò ijppoceio ’ î jrrj|yo `fcvyo`jc mowf|ho pfiheio inf yf hf ehgeyinej è cve f `fccj Ieyc(

Zvfcce è Poè yoho ypjpe ijppoceie –vyj f mfppj—( Omme hoh yf|woho reõ(

Ec –Io||ef|f `fccj yf|j—# inf ioh –\frvllceij— iohye`f|ü cj èinej|j{eohf è Lohjhhe iodf ec iocroè m|j{ej `fccj Inefyj yvc mowf|ho Lf|cvyiohe# ef|e |eio|`jwj –i|v`fcdfhpf— inf ioc mowf|ho èifhp|o`fyp|j Lohjhhe jwfwj ec geco è|fppo; r|jpeijdfhpf cj Ieyc rfyjwj fho|dfdfhpf(

Omme dfho `fc `vf è l|eyiocj( F zvfypj î cj –weppo|ej— è Poè(

G|j cf roineyyedf woie i|epeinf i―î zvfccj è Mevyfrrf `f \epj# ioh ec \jrro|po Ifhyey(

Nj `fhvhiejpo inf cj i|eye wefhf `jc –hoh mowf|ho `fccj gehjh{j mcoljce{{jpj—# inf yejdo o|dje–fpf|o è|fppe# weypj cj r|orfhyeohf `fmce vggeie fv|orfe j `fppj|ie c―jmfh`j— f inf cj rocepeij î–r|emeohef|j `fc r|edjpo `fe ropf|e gehjh{ej|e—(

Eh yoypjh{j e ieppjèhe hoh iohpjho reõ hvccj; –eh ljyyo ec r|edjpo `fc df|ijpo# eh jcpo ec r|edjpo

`fmce o|mjheyde jreijce `fc ropf|f gehjh{ej|eo—( Ioyã dvo|f cj `fdoi|j{ej f jhinf c―fiohodej rf|inå –cj gehjh{j if|po hoh gj ywecvrro—(

Yfdl|j vhj `fhvhiej rfyjhpeyyedj# dj î ypjpj r|fyyoinå emho|jpj( Rv|f eh ijyj ijppoceij lfhinå @f\epj yej `j yfdr|f ec yoieocomo è |egf|edfhpo `fccj Inefyj epjcejhj .jhho yio|yo i―î ypjpo rf|gehozvjcinf dowedfhpo fiicfyejcf inf nj gjppo# `fc r|fif`fhpf \jrro|po Ifhyey ’ inf hfc <2:2 f|jm|emeo f jyp|vyo ’ vh j|modfhpo è |egcfyyeohf rvllceij; omme hvccj è hvccj%(

Edr|fyyeohj rv|f inf c―ehyefdf `fe wfyiowe fv|orfe f cj Yjhpj Yf`f inf ioyã go|pfdfhpf njhho

inefypo ec |einejdo jccf –|jèie i|eypejhf— hfccj Ioypepv{eohf fv|orfj jyyeypjho omme eh popjcfyecfh{eo jc royyelecf èyg jiedfhpo `fcc―Fv|orj ypfyyj(



Frrv|f yoho ypjpe e ijppoceie .@f Mjyrf|e# Yinvdjh# J`fhjvf|% j ioyp|ve|f c―vhepâ fv|orfj# dfhp|fyoho e pfihoi|jpe inf njhho |egevpjpo cf –|jèie i|eypejhf— j` jwf|cj ro|pjpj yvcc―o|co `fc

lj|jp|o(

F ec –ijyo Df|afc$Mf|djhej—?

E PF@FYINE HOH \EIO\@JHO

Rf|geho `vf m|jhè ypjpeype pf`fyine iodf Aonc f Yinde`p njhho i|epeijpo c―jyyv|`j |emeèpâ `fccjDf|afc .vhj r|opfypjhpf i|fyievpj yoppo ec iodvheydo `fccj @`|%(

Ine reõ f dfmceo `fc Rjrj pf`fyio rop|fllf rj|cj|f j zvfc roroco rf| è|mce inf djmhjhedepâ fyoce`j|efpâ iohwf||fllf|o rv|f j cve?

Ie yj|fllf leyomho è |eio|`j|f je pf`fyine inf# òro cj R|edj mvf||j dohèjcf# r|or|eo cj gf|oifedroye{eohf `j rj|pf `fe wehiepo|e `fe –|eyj|iedfhpe è mvf||j— yij|jwfhpü cj Mf|djhej .f c―F v|orj%

hfccj i|eye(

Dfhp|f hfc yfiohò òromvf||j ’ zvjhò e pf`fyine jw|fllf|o df|epjpo lfh reõ rfyjhpe |epo|yeohe ’ fllf|o ehwfif ec rejho Dj|ynjcc jdf|eijho( F iohwfhhf j pvppe( F― cj r|owj inf r|or|eo cjdjmhjhedepâ ioyp|veyif lfhfyyf|f f rjif(

Leyomhf|fllf |eio|`j|f jmce jdeie pf`fyine inf cj co|o |evhegeij{eohf .ioh cj rj|epâ `fc dj|io% eh rj|pf c―jllejdo rjmjpj pvppe(

F rv|f inf co|o r|fpfhòho è edro||f yjh{eohe jmce jcp|e# dj hoh cf jiifppjho rf| yå .iod―î hopogv|oho r|or|eo co|o# ioh cj G|jhiej# j ymj||j|f yvc rjppo è ypjlecepâ hfc <229( F hoh fllf|orfhjce{{j{eohe%(

E pf`fyine hoh njhho dfdo|ej ypo|eij( F jhinf cj geyyj{eohf `fccj dohfpj go|pf# iohp|o coyrjv|jiineo `fcc―ehgcj{eohf# hoh nj goh`jdfhpe ypo|eie; ehgjppe j` jr|e|f cf ro|pf j Nepcf| hoh gvc―ehgcj{eohf `fc r|edo òromvf||j# dj cj `fr|fyyeohf .f cj èyoiivrj{eohf% rf| cj i|eye `fc

:5<5(

Ine# reõ f dfmceo `fccj Inefyj# rop|fllf omme |eio|`j|f je pf`fyine ec òwf|f `fccj yoce`j|efpâ infnjhho wf|yo zvfypj Fv|orj inf cj Mf|djhej nj `fwjypjpo ioh ec yvo o||o|f? Iemvj`jmhf|fllf|o jhinf co|o(

Yrf|ejdo inf vhj woif ye jc{e‧

Jhpoheo Yoiie

@j –Celf|o—# 0 èifdl|f <2::

nppr;//}}}(jhpoheoyoiie(iod/<2::/:</hoh$pjif|f$rev$dj`|f$inefyj$dj$m|e`j$go|pf$f$ègfhè$e$pvoe$gemce/

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Rf| zvfypo f` jcp|o jhio|j |ero|po vh reiioco yjmmeo è Rjoco Lj|hj|`# inf hoh î vh yfèifhpfIjppoceio $iodf cj E`j Djmce o Jhpoheo Yoiie# inf òw|fllf|o rf| r|edj ioyj r|fh`f|yfcj ioh iocve

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inf jhio|j inejdjho „rjrj―$ dj rf|yohj inf jdj f if|ij cj wf|epâ# inf î eh ijddeho( Df|epj fyyf|fiepjpo reõ è inevhzvf jcp|o# jhinf yf roe jccj gehf# hoh ye jiio|mf inf jhinf c―jlo|po# ec èwo|{eo fjcp|f |ewocv{eohe ivcpv|jce yoho yf|wepf rf| j`òdfypeij|ie f jhhefhpj|f cj do|jcf i|eypejhj( Jccj

r|oyyedj f pfhfpf vh oiineo yvc DJ\INEO @FCCJ LFYPEJ# dei|oiner o inf yej( F― c―vcpedo jppo*

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Hoh ypo e|ohe{{jhò hå r|owoijhò( R|fhò eh djho c―Epjcej è omme# Ypjpo dfdl|o `fcc―Fv|o{ohjinf vyj vhj dohfpj yp|jhef|j inf ye inejdj Fv|o# inf cf wefhf go|hepj ehpf|jdfhpf `j r|fypjpo|e

r|ewjpe# yfh{j jcivh jrrommeo `fccj Ljhij `―Epjcej( F eh fggfppe zvfypj Epjcej# ioyã dfyyj# `fwf# rf|yor|jwwewf|f# rj|fmmej|f e lecjhie iodf dehedo( Dj hoh yoco( @fwf j||ewj|f jc yv|rcvy è lecjhieo#ieoî co Ypjpo òw|â pjyyj|ie docpo è reõ è zvfcco inf ie `â iodf |eiinf{{j gehjh{ej|ej( Zvfypoyemhegeij inf òw|fdo pvppe èwfhpj|f reõ rowf|e# f yogg|e|hf cf o||fh`f iohyfmvfh{f yoiejce( Hoh yeyijrrj( Dohpe f @|jmne eh zvfypo njhho |jmeohf# cj co|o |eifppj hoh gj vhj m|eh{j# î# pfiheijdfhpfrj|cjhò# vh ollcemo ehfcvèlecf( Jh{e# î p|orro pfhf|j( F# è hvowo# hoh ypo e|ohe{{jhò(

Fyeypf vhj |fmocj jv|fj eh fiohodej inf ypjleceyif zvfypo# f wf co yrefmo eh yfzvfh{j;

$ vh Rjfyf ioh dohfpj HOH yow|jhj iodf yejdo hoe# rf| ropf| oho|j|f mce ehpf|fyye yve yvoe pepoce èYpjpo fdfyye .e LOP# LPR‧% `fwf rjmj|f vh pjyyo `―ehpf|fyyf yve zvfe pepoce hoh è docpo yvrf|eo|fjc pjyyo `fccj yvj i|fyiepj fiohodeij( Fyfdreo; yf zvfc Rjfyf i|fyif jc <&# hoh rvü rjmj|f pjyye jc6# jc 7# jc =#6 & fii( Yf ho r|edj o roe gjcceyif( Hoe ypejdo i|fyifhò zvjye {f|o# f rjmnejdo pjyye`―ehpf|fyyf `jc 7 jc =&( Yfdrcegeijhò# î iodf yf vho mvj`jmhjyyf : yocò dj òwfyyf rjmj|f vhjggeppo è 7 yocè( Iodf gj?

$ C―Epjcej `fcc―Fv|o hoh yow|jho `fwf `vhzvf p|owj|f cj èggf|fh{j .yocè% eh zvjcinf doò# yf hogjcceyif( F òwf ce rvü p|owj|f? Dohpe# inf hoh î vh edr|frj|jpo# co yj lfhf; `fwf ehijyyj|f pjyyf jchfppo# pjmcej|f cj yrfyj rvllceij# f/o mfhf|j|f vh go|pf jvdfhpo `fcc―f~ro|p( Wfèjdoce;

$ cf pjyyf jc hfppo yoho r|fcefwe `j rj|pf `fcco Ypjpo yve hoyp|e iohpe io||fhpe# r|fcefwe inf `fwohofyyf|f yvrf|eo|e j ieü inf co Ypjpo wf|yj hfe hoyp|e iohpe io||fhpe( E pjmce jccj yrfyj rvllceij yoho cjcomeij iohyfmvfh{j è zvjhpo jrrfhj `fppo# roeinå cj yrfyj rvllceij î r|or|eo ieü inf co Ypjpo infwf|yj hfe hoyp|e iohpe io||fhpe( C―jvdfhpo `fcc―f~ro|p î cj pf|{j doyyj# inf rf|ü hoh fcedehj cf jcp|f`vf owwejdfhpf( Wfèjdocj;

$ rf| fyro|pj|f è reõ è zvjhò edro|pejdo# zvehè rf| ehijyyj|f Fv|o jc hfppo# c―Epjcej `fwfr|o`v||f ioyf j r|f{{e iodrfpepewe( Rf| fyyf|f iodrfpepewj nj p|f yp|j`f; vhj hoh fyeypf reõ# rf|inå

hfifyyepjwj è dohfpj yow|jhj# inf hoh jllejdo reõ1 cj yfioh`j î ijcj|f ec ioypo `fc cjwo|o ehgjll|eij# ioyã inf e hoyp|e r|oòppe ioypeho vh ro― dfho è zvfcce `fe |ewjce yp|jhef|e( Cj pf|{j î è#owwejdfhpf# gj| yã inf mce epjcejhe `fye`f|eho dfho r|oòppe fypf|e .Ernohf# Jvè# Injhfc# Yohu#

lfh{ehj‧%# rf|inå yf hoe hf womcejdo ehwfif pjhpe c―Epjcej hoh |evyie|â dje j fyro|pj|f reõ è zvjhpoedro|pj f zvehè j ehijyyj|f e yocè jc hfppo inf yf|woho rf| ec `flepo( F iodf ye gj j iohwehif|f hoeepjcejhe j wocf| dfho ioyf fypf|f? Yejdo p|orro we{ejpe# c―vheij î edrowf|e|ie# rvhpo( Dohpe co yj# îvh fyrf|po# f zvfypo gj(

\ejyyvdfhò; c―Epjcej `fcc―Fv|o eh fggfppe# f hoh e|ohe{{o# `fwf p|owj|f `fhj|o rf| rjmj|f e pjyye yvcyvo `flepo# f hf `fwf p|owj|f pjhpo# roeinå cj èggf|fh{j g|j cj yvj i|fyiepj fiohodeij f e pjyye infrjmj î fho|df .i|fyiepj zvjye 2&# pjyye zvjye =/>&%( Zvfc `fhj|o co royyejdo yoco p|owj|f

pjyyjhòie# pjmcejhò cj yrfyj rvllceij# ieoî edrowf|fhò mce epjcejhe# f edrowf|fhò jhio| è reõmce ypfyye epjcejhe ioyã `j |e`v||f cf edro|pj{eohe f rjmj|f è dfho mce orf|je# rf| fyro|pj|f è reõ èzvjhpo edro|pejdo# f ehijyyj|f cj èggf|fh{j( Hoh yf hf fyif( Jh{e# iodf no yi|eppo hfc pepoco# cj



rv|j djpfdjpeij ie èif inf Dohpe î ypjpo p|orro cfmmf|o# f cve yj lfheyyedo inf òw|â fyyf|f docporeõ rfyjhpf hfe yji|egeie inf ie edro||â eh gvpv|o .cfmmfpf yoppo%(

Hoh womceo èrehmf|f# zve# co ryeiorjpeio i|edehjcf Dj|eo Dohpe iodf vh l|jwo f ehpfccemfhpf yf|wo`fcco Ypjpo( F― vh mocreypj# c―no meâ `fppo f |e`fppo eh jcp|e yi|eppe( Dj pv# Yvyjhhj Ijdvyyo# `fwe

ijre|f inf `jpo c―Fv|o# |erfpo# INF @JPO C―FV\O# `jpo ec gjppo inf c―Epjcej omme hoh rvü reõoho|j|f zvjcyejye `fgeiep yfdrceifdfhpf – gjifhòye ypjiij|f vh jyyfmho `jccj r|or|ej LjhijIfhp|jcf— .]uhhf Mo`cfu# :55=% `fhodehjpo hfccj yvj dohfpj yow|jhj inf f|j cj Ce|j# `jpo zvfypoo||fhò j||jhmejdfhpo dohfpj|eo inejdjpo `j pvppe woe –cj do`f|hepâ— zvjhò ec pvo ifhp|oyeheyp|jif co ro|pü j \odj# hoh ie yoho jcp|f yocv{eohe ij|j Yvyjhhj( Dohpe gj c―vheij ioyj pfiheijdfhpfroyyelecf# f jh{e# òw|â edro||f jhio| reõ yji|egeie# cji|edf f yjhmvf(

Cj pvj# Ijdvyyo# î |fpo|eij wvopj f emho|jhpf( Cj ioyj reõ wvopj inf ec pvo wvopo yijpocohf jggj|eypjf djgeoyo inejdjpo IMEC jllej dje r|ohvhiejpo hfccj yvj ypo|ej( R|fhè rf| e goh`fcce deceohe ècjwo|jpo|e gjifhò cj yifhfppj `fcc―ehèmhjpj inf eho||eèyif è g|ohpf jcc―ehezvj djhow|j# f ec pvoyijpocohf hj{eohjcf hoh èif vhj yocj rj|ocj yvcc―vheij |fjcf ijvyj è zvfypj ijpjyp|ogf

`―edrowf|edfhpo# inf |eyroh`f jc hodf è Fv|o( Inf cfj`f| inf yfe( Dj èpfde woe# ioh yeh`jijpeioyã ine nj leyomho `fe ijrepjceype? Gjhho pvppo `j yoce(

O|j f è hvowo( De ye i|epeij rf|inå m|eò –òwfpf ypvèj|f*# ypvèj|f*—( Mvj|`jpf cj Ijdvyyo( Gjrfhj# hoh yj zvfcco inf èif# hå rf|inå ypj jiij`fhò ieü inf ypj jiij`fhò jc cjwo|o epjcejho f`fv|orfo( F` î rf| zvfypo dopewo# |frceijpo `j pvppe e yvoe r|f`fifyyo|e# inf ec yeh`jijceydo è yeheyp|jî vh ij||o{{ohf rf|`fhpf# gjppo è rf|`fhpe vdecejpe o|dje jhinf `je rj`|ohiehe è r|owehiej( Dohpeehwfif yj zvfcco inf gj ioh vhj rf|e{ej yrjwfhpoyj( Pf|yo# ine|v|meio# r|frj|jpeyyedo# jwjhpe èifhpo rjyye `j zvjcyejye doyyj mce jcp|e royyjho gj|f( Rf|inå ypvèj( F |ehi|fyif è|co# dj# `jpoc―Fv|o# ypj gjifhò cj ioyj mevypj(

O|j cf l|vppf hope{ef rf| ine nj gfmjpo( Dj r|edj vhj hopj; eddjmehjpf zvjhpe yeh`jijceype jw|jhhocfppo zvfypf |emnf( Eddjmehjpf zvjhpe è co|o lvyyf|jhho jccj ro|pj `fc co|o yvrf|eo|f rf| è|f –cj`fwf cfmmf|f cj Ijdvyyo zvfypj ioyj zvj—( \eyroypj; {f|o# hfyyvho(

Ec gjppo î inf cf ioyf rf|ü ye iodrceinf|jhho jhinf rf| Dohpe# f cve co yj lfheyyedo meâ omme( F rf|`vf dopewe; `fppo f r|fdfyyo pvppo zvjhpo yrefmjpo yor|j# f eh rj|peiocj|f cj hfifyyepâ è ro|pj|f mceehpf|fyye yve pepoce è Ypjpo epjcejhe eh rj|epâ .o zvjye rj|epâ% ioh ec pjyyo è i|fyiepj fiohodeij# ec

r|olcfdj inf ye jggjiif|â rf| Dj|eo yj|â zvfypo; :% c―edrowf|edfhpo mfhf|jcf è pvppj c―Epjcej.|eyrj|de# ehwfypedfhpe# r|o`v{eohf% òwvpo jcc―jvypf|epâ# ro|pf|â j` vhj r|edj fhp|jpj è cezveèpâ ehijyyj# oa# dj roe hfifyyj|ejdfhpf j vh ijco `fccj i|fyiepj fiohodeij# rf| go|{j( F jcco|j Dj|eo ye

p|owf|â ioh zvfc djcf`fppo iofggeiefhpf pjyye `―ehpf|fyyf/i|fyiepj inf ye yljccj è hvowo rf| wej `fcijco `fc hvdf|eho |fcjpewo jrrvhpo jccj i|fyiepj( <% Co ypfyyo edrowf|edfhpo mfhf|jcf ijvyf|â i|occo`fe |f`èpe gjdecej|e f `―j{efh`j# inf yemhegeijho rf|ü jhinf ijco `fc mfppepo geyijcf .pjyyf%( Dfhopjyyf yemhegeij dfho yocè hfccf ijyyf è \odj rf| rjmj|f ec `fgeiep( \eyvcpjpo; Dj|eo Dohpe yep|owf|â ioh vh ijhf inf ye do|`f cj io`j# f dfhp|f `j vhj rj|pf `j|â vh iocro rf| |j``|e{{j|f ecif|ineo# `jcc―jcp|j ec if|ineo reiinef|â yvc dv|o ypo|ifhòye è hvowo( F inf gj|â j zvfc rvhpoDj|eo? Wf co dfppo rf| eyi|eppo; gj|â zvfcco inf njhho yfdr|f gjppo pvppe e |olope{{jpe vdjhoeè `fccjyivocj fiohodeij Hfoicjyyeij f Hfocelf|eypj# ieoî r|fyi|ewf|â jhio| reõ òye `fc wfcfho inf ie ypj|âjddj{{jhò( Iodf gj Oljdj eh VYJ# iodf gj ec GDE eh Fypohej f eh E|cjh`j# eh M|fiej# eh Jg|eijfii(

Geho j inf yj|fdo do|pe( F rv|f cve# dj r|edj è zvfcco ye yj|â gjppo vh rjyyjmmeo `j Hodv|j o jccjKR Do|mjh rf| ehijyyj|f vhj rfhyeohf dvcpedeceohj|ej ioh 9 o 0 jhhe è iohp|elvpe .hoh 922 iodfinef`f j pf%# pjhpo zvjhpo yj|â ypjpo hfifyyj|eo rf| jhhefhpj|f c―Epjcej(



.Yo lfhf inf hoh yefpf ijrjie è |fjme|f# hoh co gj|fypf hfrrv|f j` jrreiij|we gvoio# ehvpecewemcejiine( Hoh de yi|ewfpf(%

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@frohmo cj dep|jmcej pfiheij rf| |jiiohpj|f j pf vhj ypo|ej(Ine yfe pv? Jn# zvfypo hoh co yo# eo yrf|f|fe inf pv goyye zvfcco 2#<& g|j ioco|o inf de cfmmoho infijreyif cj iodrjyyeohf( @fmce jcp|e# m|j{ef è pvppo# dj hoh df hf g|fmj hvccj# ieoî hoh deehpf|fyyjho ypf g|oppf è epjcejhe inf jò|jho fyyf|f ehgo|djpe# `fccj yf|ef –m|j{ef Lj|hj|`# yfem|jh`f# hoh doccj|f dje**—( Oa# yoho ehgo|djpe# f roe? Pe gjiieo hopj|f vhj ioyj; eh zvjye pvppe edefe cjwo|e# yor|jppvppo hfccf `vf wf|yeohe `fc Reõ M|jh`f I|edehf# eo no yrfyo rj|ocf go|pe yvc rvhporf| df reõ edro|pjhpf eh jyyocvpo# inf î cj rfhj inf no yfhpepo rf| ine gv yinejiiejpo# yg|fmejpo fvdecejpo `j zvfypo yeypfdj fiohodeio f yoiejcf(

Cj ypfyyj rfhj inf yfhpo o|j rf| pvppe ioco|o inf omme rjpeyioho co ypfyyo `fypeho( Yoho pjhpe# djpjhpe( O|j rfhyj; g|j cf ifhpehjej è demcejej è cfppv|f# ioddfhpe f èjp|elf inf ec deo cjwo|o njehhfyijpo# hfyyvho dje# hfy$yv$ho# nj fwe`fh{ejpo e defe jiifhpe roype yv zvfccj yoggf|fh{j( Gjppe vhwejmmeo g|j e ioddfhpe è yepe hope iodf Iodfòhineyieoppf o hfe m|vrre inf rj|cjho `fc deo cjwo|oyv Gjiflooa o eh pjhpe jcp|e lcom òwf eo yrvhpo( We p|owe vhj wj|efpâ è ehèwe`ve inf iohp|elveyiohojhhopj{eohe inf wjhho `jcc―jlef{eohf# jc ieheydo# jcco ypf|ecf# o inf# jc dfmceo# yoho ehvpecejrrjyyeohjpe( Dj hfyyvho ye gf|dj yvccj rfhj# yvccj iodrjyyeohf rf| e deceohe è fyyf|e vdjhe infwewoho yvccj co|o rfccf ec yjèydo `fc Wf|o Ropf|f# ieoî rf| ec roroco `fccf yp|j`f è jygjcpo# hohzvfcco `fccf yp|j`f ehgo|djpeinf( Hfyyvho hfrrv|f cj iohye`f|j zvfccj eddfhyj rfhj(

Co yo; eo dfho gfh`fhpe rfyjhpeyyede pjcwocpj# dj rf|inå? Rf|inå eo yo inf cj djiinehj `fc Wf|oRopf|f î `vf yfioce jwjhpe j zvjcyejye |fj{eohf rorocjhj eddjmehjlecf# f yoco fmvjmcejhòhf cjdjhejijcf r|frj|j{eohf rop|fdo iodljppf|ce( Co|o yoho r|fieye iodf |olop ine|v|meie# hoeòllejdo fyyf|f e`fhpeie( Co|o yoho èggvye ijreccj|dfhpf# hoe òllejdo fyyf|f e`fhpeie( Co|ocjwo|jho <0 o|f yv <0# 976 yv 976# hoe òllejdo fyyf|f e`fhpeie( \edjhf|f ehèfp|o jhinf è vh yocome|o yemhegeij jwf| rf|yo( Rf|yo ioyj? Rf|yj cj royyelecepâ è ceifh{ej|pe `jc `jpo|f è cjwo|o inf pepoiij cj gemj `j iehzvf jhhe# f pv yfe jccj èyrf|j{eohf# dj nje cj ledlj j ijyj f hoh rvoe ègfh`f|pe1câ gvo|e hoh i―î vh jcp|o cjwo|o rf| `j|pe `j wewf|f( Rf|yo ec gvpv|o è pvo gemceo Jh`|fj# inf wocfwedjh`j|f j` j|inepfppv|j j Ge|fh{f# dj ho# gj|â ec lj|eypj ioh pf# gehf `fe yomhe è vh rj`|f# gehf `fcgvpv|o è vh gemceo( Rf|yo pvj dj`|f rf| vh ijhi|o# rf|inå c―njhho orf|jpj vh jhho f `vf dfye reõpj|è `fc òwvpo# weypo inf rf| cj iceheij r|ewjpj hoh if h ―f|j( Rf|yj cj womcej è wewf|f# rf|inå ioh

i|fèpe rf| =22 decj fv|o# inf hfyyvho pe rjmnf|â reõ# nje òwvpo inev`f|f cj cepom|jgej j djh`j|f jijyj Cvij# Ref|o# Yjh`|eho# Ref|cveme# Ij|coppj# Fdecej# Fh{j f Meowjhhj( F|j cj pvj gjdemcej `jc:559( Ref|cveme jwfwj jrrfhj jiifyo vh dvpvo f gjppo `vf mfdfcce( Pv ef|e yfe ypjpo `jc hfv|ocomoinf pe nj `fppo; cf |edjhf ec cepeo# yemho| Djv|o# cfe hoh rvü iohpehvj|f ioyã( Rf|yo cj pfypj meowf`ãyio|yo# zvjhò hfc io||eòeo `fcc―vggeieo è zvj|pef|f nje v|cjpo –cfe î vhj df|`j*— jc dfèio cfmjcfinf pe jwfwj `fppo –Yemho|j W(# cfe hoh rvü inef`f|f zvfcco inf hoh i―î# hoh nj c―vheio Jc{nfedf| è

Locomhj eh ijyj( Hoh jwfpf rj|fhpe inf royyjho jevpj|f?—( F zvfypf yoho pvppf ypo|ef f hode wf|e#yoggf|fh{j wf|j( Rf|yo cj royyelecepâ è fyyf|f |eyrfppjpe iodf rf|yohf# è jwf|f vh gvpv|o# è hohyogg|e|f iodf lfypef# f è hoh òwf| do|e|f ioyã# òro jwf| ehmoejpo pvppo `j rf|`fhpe f rf| ec r|ogeppoè roineyyede jcp|e(

Eo dfho gfh`fhpe# rf|inå ine ye jvpor|oicjdj rjcjèho `fccj coppj iohp|o mce jmv{{ehe `fccjdoyp|voyj djiinehj `fc Wf|o Ropf|f $ ieoî rjcjèho è pvppf cf rf|yohf wf|f yor|j `fyi|eppf f èdeceohe iodf co|o# rjcjèho `fccj co|o yoggf|fh{j wf|j# wf|j* $ `fwf fyyf|f vh doyp|o è iodrfpfh{j



inf `j|â pvppo yf ypfyyo rf| fyyf|f deieèjcf pjhpo zvjhpo ec hfdeio( Yf hoh co î# yf r|fh`fyio|iejpoef# yf hoh ye rfhyj j yvj wocpj djiinehj rf|gfppj f ine|v|meij f yf hoh co î `jwwf|o# dj coypfyyo r|fpfh`f è wfype|f ec djhpo `fc wfhèijpo|f# jcco|j î vh lvggohf eh if|ij è weyelecepâ# èwfhèpf è cel|e# è ij||ef|f# `fcc―jò|j{eohf è rjpfpeie gjhy# î vh jrr|oyyedjpewo emho|jhpf# vhj„lfccj jhedj―# inf rf|ü yp|jrj|cj rf| ijwjcij|f cj hf}y è do`j# iodf zvfcce inf eo mevypjdfhpf

r|fhò j ijcie( Lvggohe edrefpoye gjcyj|e inf yrjiiejho yie|orre `j ie|io rf| cj iv|j `fccj yicf|oyedvcpercj(

Inf ioyj î cj Do`f|h Dohfu Pnfo|u# ieoî c―DDP? Pf cj dfppo ioyã( Vhj yf|j è gfll|jeo è zvjye`vf jhhe gj f|o yv Yaurf ioh c―fiohodeypj \jh`jcc ]|ju# ec pedeò jdf|eijho ioh cj woif zve fpjinf nj |jiiocpo ec cjwo|o è memjhpe `fcc―fiohodej iodf Afuhfy# \olehyoh# Cf|hf|# Ahjrr# Mo`cfu#Moo`nj|p# Dehyau# f c―nj j`jppjpo jcc―fiohodej do`f|hj( Hoh jwfwo cj reõ rjcce`j e`fj inf deypfyyf rj|cjhò è DDP( Mce ypjwo r|orohfhò e defe ypvè yvc Wf|o Ropf|f rf| ijre|hf cj rj|pfgehjh{ej|ej# cve iohpehvjwj j |erfpf|de zvfypj ioyj `fccj dohfpj do`f|hj# co Ypjpo cj royyef`f# cjrvü yrfh`f|f rf| hoe# j `flepo( Hoh yo iodf yej jiij`vpo# |eio|ò vh |oh{eo `fccj dej pfypj inf èiocro ye î go|djpo eh rj|ocf# f de î vyiepo zvjye vh v|co; – \jhù* \jhù* Ypor‧ ]njp uov j|f

yjuehm# Mo`*# }njp uov j|f |fjccu yjuehm ey pnjp }f o}hf` pnf mooyf pnjp cju pnf moc`fh fmmy* Go| Mo`―y yjaf* Ufy* ]f è`*—( – \jhù# zvfcco inf de ypje wf|jdfhpf èifhò î inf hoe jwfwjdo rf| cfdjhe cj mjccehj `jccf vowj `―o|o# I|eypo*# yã*# if|po# c―jwfwjdo*—( @jcc―jcp|j rj|pf `fccj cehfj dej||ewj cve# iodf cve î# de j||ewj ec yvo –Ufr*—# ieoî; fyjppo# eh ycjhm( Gehf ioddfhpe# hoh vhj yeccjljè reõ( \jhù î ioyã( Dj eo ypjwo meâ ijpjce{{jhò cf go|df `fc reõ m|jh`f i|edehf ioddfyyo iohp|ocf yoiefpâ oiie`fhpjce `jccj gehf `fccj yfioh`j mvf||j dohèjcf j omme# r|or|eo ec ivo|f `fc djcf# f`f|o yjcpjpo yvccj yfèj rf|inå co wf`fwo( Cfppf|jcdfhpf# `jwjhpe jmce oiine# iodf eh gopom|jdde hfppeinf ye y|opocjho hfc rjyyjpo epjcejho# de f|jho |eiodrj|ye mce oyrf`jce gjpeyifhpe `fmce jhhe yfyyjhpj fmce jddjcjpe j do|e|f hfe io||eòe# mce fdem|jhpe epjcejhe jddjyyjpe iodf lfypef hfccf ijhpehfpf`fyinf o lfcmnf# e do|pe `v|jhpf mce yieorf|e# mce jhjcgjlfpe `fc yv` gehepe hfccf djgef rv| èdjhmej|f# cj wepj hfe rjcj{{ohe$ijyf|df `fmce ygoccjpe `jccf ijdrjmhf `fccj gjdf eh Doceyf#Jl|v{{o# Cj{eo# rf|yeho eh Wfhfpo# e pv|heype `fccf gjll|einf deieèjce `fccj rj`jhej# cf yivocf ioe

ljhine `fmce jhhe ―92 f e iodrvpf| yoco vh de|jmmeo# e hoyp|e wfiine j do|e|f hfmce oyre{e `fccjpo|pv|j eypepv{eohjce{{jpj iodf gehf wepj( F pjhpo jcp|o# pvppo iodr|fyyo eh vh eypjhpf( F|j pvppo ypjpowocvpo j pjwoceho# hoh gv dje hfifyyj|eo inf jiij`fyyf# hoh gv dje vh jiie`fhpf `fcc―fiohodej# gvyoco rf| r|ogeppo# è roine(

\jh`jcc ]|ju ypjwj câ# jwfwj ijrepo inf eo jwfwo ijrepo# f yoco jc pf|dehf `fc deo rjpnoy jwfwjjmmevhpo# f yfdr|f ioh cj yvj ijhpecfhj `j De`$]fyp; – Ep―y yo g|vyp|jpehm( Uov yff jcc pnfyf

r|om|fyyewfy pnjp yi|fjd jlovp pnf lj` ypvgg eh pnf rf|ernf|jc# ceaf pnf lem ljhay# pnfdvcpehjpeohjcy# ijrepjceyd( Oa# uov ijh i|epeie{f pnjp# lvp pnfu òh―p vh`f|ypjh` pnf io|f eyyvf# }njp

do`f|h dohfu iovc` njwf òhf go| rforcf jh` go| `fdoi|jiu( ]njp ep iovc` ò ho}—( – F― ioyã g|vyp|jhpf( Wfè pvppe zvfype è yeheyp|j inf ye jmepjho yve djce cjpf|jce# iodf cf dfmj ljhinf# cfdvcpehj{eohjce# ec ijrepjceydo( Oa# ye royyoho i|epeij|f# dj hoh ijreyioho ec rvhpo ifhp|jcf# ieoîioyj ec `fhj|o do`f|ho jw|fllf ropvpo gj|f rf| cj mfhpf f rf| cj `fdoi|j{ej( Ioyj rop|fllf gj|fjhio|j omme—(

Pvppo ehe{eü zvfccj yf|j( Eo no yfdrceifdfhpf dfyyo jyyefdf ieü inf yjrfwo `fe dfiijheyde è ropf|f yow|jhj{eohjcf ioh c―fyyfh{ejcf wf|epâ è dji|ofiohodej `fcco Ypjpo è \jh`jcc ]|ju f `fccjyvj Do`f|h Dohfu Pnfo|u; vho Ypjpo ioh r|or|ej dohfpj yow|jhj rvü iodr|j|f pvppjc―oiivrj{eohf inf wvocf# pvppj c―jyyeypfh{j yoiejcf inf wvocf# pvppj c―eyp|v{eohf inf wvocf# pvppf

cf ijyf rf| mce yg|jppjpe o rf| e meowjhe inf wvocf# f i|fj|f vhj ieppjèhjh{j r|opfppj# go|pf# hoh

edrjv|epj# hoh |eijppjpj# hoh emho|jhpf( Rvü i|fj|f cj WF\J @FDOI\J[EJ( Vho Ypjpo iohr|or|ej dohfpj yow|jhj f cfmeppedjpo `je yvoe ieppjèhe hfc hodf `fc lfhf iodvhf# rvü`fi|fpj|f cj do|pf `fccj dfgepeij djiinehj `fc Wf|o Ropf|f# f rf| yfdr|f( Co rvü gj|f# co



ropfwj gj|f( F|j cj hoyp|j mjccehj `jccf vowj `―o|o( Rf|inå hoh î dje jiij`vpo? @j zve ehe{eü cj dej|eif|ij yv zvfc rf|inå# inf nj rj|po|epo Ec Reõ M|jh`f I|edehf(

Cj yifhj è rowf|pâ reõ o||elecf inf no dje weypo hfccj dej wepj gv hfc :555 eh Jg|eij( Gecdjwo cj rvhpjpj è \fro|p –Vh `flepo yfh{j gohò—# yv iodf ec Wf|o Ropf|f jwfwj èyp|vppo deceohe è wepf

jg|eijhf hfc dodfhpo eh ive zvfc iohpehfhpf jwfwj eddjmehjpo vhj yvj |eyioyyj# inf òwfwj rjyyj|fjpp|jwf|yo ec Hf} Ehpf|hjpeohjc Fiohodei O|`f| è 02 jhhe gj( Zvfccj yifhj è deyf|ej de rjyyü`jwjhpe j pfcfijdf|j yrfhpj( F|o eh Pjh{jhej ioh vh m|vrro è rocepeie# de ypjwjho ro|pjhò jweyepj|f vh edrejhpo è r|o`v{eohf è gj|ehj è djey rf| cj rocfhpj lejhij# ec ielo è yor|jwwewfh{jè pvppj c―Jg|eij yvl yjnj|ejhj( @owfwo gecdj|co rf|inå ec Gohò Dohfpj|eo Ehpf|hj{eohjcf jwfwjjrrfhj edroypo c―jvypf|epâ j zvfc Rjfyf# ieoî ypor jmce jevpe è Ypjpo rf| cj r|o`v{eohf è jcedfhpe#g|j cf pjhpf deyv|f( Vhj ioyj hj{eypj( Ec iodrcfyyo# gjpeyifhpf jddjyyo è yecoy f ijrjhhoheyowefpeie# ye f|mfwj yv vhj yrejhjpj è j|meccj `fyf|peij# zvjye yjwjhj# f` f|j yf|wepo `j vhj yp|j`jypf||jpj inf f|vppjwj hvwocf è rocwf|f yrjwfhpoyf jc rjyyj|f è omhe ijdeoh ij|eio è djey( Yeòwfwj ypj|f yor|jwfhpo j zvfccf pfdrfypf# rf| hoh fyyf|hf edrjypjpe iodf ine goyyf ij`vpo eh vhjwjyij è mfyyo ehmejccepo( C―jrr|oiieo `fmce vcpede dfp|e r|edj `fccf ijhifccjpf f|j

ollcemjpo|ejdfhpf j refè# f eo ijddehjwo eh gecj ehèjhj ioe coijce jiiodrjmhjpo|e( Cj ygec{j `feijdeoh f|j iohpehvj# yf||jpj# |odlo f rocwf|f f wfhpo `j ypo|è|f vh |ehoif|ohpf( J roio`jcc―fhp|jpj we gv vh wvopo è rjyyjmme `fmce jvpodf{{e f pvppo ye rcjiü( Jc ijcj|f `fc rocwf|ohf# vhjgemv|j ye djpf|ejce{{ü jccj dej yeheyp|j# iodf eh vh ehijhpfyedo `j pfjp|o `fcc―oppoifhpo( Weè vhjioyj reiiocj# mollj# pvpp―vho ioh c―j|meccj# ec wocpo vhj djyinf|j mejccj òwf cj pf||j ye f|j ehi|oypjpjg|j cf refmnf `fccj rfccf è vhj òhhj wfiineyyedj# yfiij `j gj| rfhyj|f inf ropfyyf r|fh`f|f gvoioyoppo zvfc yocf# cj ij|hf vdjhj c―jwfwj jlljhòhjpj `j pfdro( Hoh yo è|we mce yp|jiie inf cj|eior|ewjho# yf f|jho yp|jiie# yjiine è rcjypeij# o ioyj( No weypo dvowf|ye yoco ec yvo l|jiieo `fyp|o#yfdl|jwj vh |jdo è cfmho hf|o# cj djho inf yfrj|jwj cj yjllej ioh dowedfhpe ie|iocj|e cfhpe#zvfccj òhhj jwfwj ec rfppo j dfho è vh dfp|o `jc yvoco# hoh yo iodf ypfyyf eh refè( De òwfppegf|dj|f# mce jiiodrjmhjpo|e yf hf jiio|yf|o f pjizvf|o( Roe cj òhhj de doyp|ü cj rowf|pâ; if|ijwjf |jiiomcefwj yehmoce ineiine è djey ij`vpe `je ijdeoh# f ce dfppfwj hfc rvmho `fcc―jcp|j djho( Rf| djhmej|f(

Ijre|f# inef`f|f# `fie`f|f( Gv pvpp―vho( Ijre|f# inf f|o vh―ehyvcyj lfccj jhedj inf i|f`fwj jccjrf|yohjcf jyyocv{eohf `je djce `fc dohò rf|inå j|djpo è df{{e rjpfpeie# ho{eohe jrr|oyyedjpewf#f vh pepoco è meo|hjceypj `―jyyjcpo eddjmehjwo è ropf| iodljppf|f cj iocoyyjcf ijpfhj èydohpjmmeo `fccf `fifh{j vdjhj |jrr|fyfhpjpj `jc Wf|o Ropf|f mcoljcf( Inef`f|f# j zvfccj òhhj èdjcfè|de hfcc―o|j `fccj yvj weieheyyedj do|pf yf hoh jwfyye yrfyo ec |fypo `fccj dej wepj j ypvèj|fpvppe mce ehm|jhjmme è zvfccj ijpfhj ioh vhj rf|e{ej djhejijcf jc gehf è wf|jdfhpf gf|dj|cj# rf|inåyoco f yoco ioyã hoe vodehe f òhhf òpjpe è iodrjyyeohf jw|fddo ropvpo |ervce|f rf| yfdr|f

zvfccj yifhj `jc |fmeyp|o `fcc―ehgjdej( @fie`f|f# inf hoh jw|fe jwvpo jcp|o `j è|f# j woe inf decfmmfpf# yf hoh zvfypo# `j zvfc meo|ho eh roe( F` î yoco zvfypo inf eo ypo èifhò `j jhhe f jhhe# infco èij rf| cj p|jmfèj rjcfypehfyf# rf| c―edrf|ejceydo decepj|f `fcc―Oiie`fhpf# rf| c―fiohodej `fcReõ M|jh`f I|edehf(

Cj yoggf|fh{j è ine î r|fyo hfccf djmcef `fc Wf|o Ropf|f $ `jc èyoiivrjpo epjcejho jccf jcp|fij|ijyyf è cfmho yfiio inf if|ijho ieiine è djey g|j cj rocwf|f# `jcc―Jg|eij j` Njepe o jc L|jyecf $cj òwfpf emho|j|f f hfrrv|f oyj|f jwweiehj|we yf i|f`fpf inf ye royyj iodljppf|f jhinf yoco vhdfp|o jc è yoppo `fccj mfhejcepâ fggeiefhpeypj f `fccj djhejijcf o|mjhe{{j{eohf `fc Wf|o Ropf|f# ofyyfhò jhinf yoco è vhj rjmehj reõ emho|jhpe `fccj yvj jmmnejiiejhpf rf|e{ej( Gj|f jcp|edfhpe î vhehyvcpo j zvfccj òhhj( F cj zvjye popjcepâ `fccf lfccf jhedf inf mve`jho cj coppj jc doyp|o

Hfocelf|eypj cj ypjhho ehyvcpjhò(



O|j pv# f yoco pv g|j cf demcejej è rf|yohf inf cfmmf|jhho rf| hvccj zvfypf |emnf# pv inf cf nje ijrepf#pv yje ioyj nj gjppo rf| df cj Do`f|h Dohfu Pnfo|u è \jh`jcc ]|ju( De nj dfyyo hfccf djhec―j|dj inf de djhijwj# f inf# ij|eijpj ioc gvoio è vhj iohoyifh{j iodrcfpj `fc gvh{eohjdfhpo`fc Wf|o Ropf|f# rop|â fyrco`f|mce ec iocro inf co jlljppf# hefhpf dfho( Rf|inå c―DDP gvh{eohj ehEpjcej f eh Pjh{jhej jcco ypfyyo r|fieyo doò# f` î rf| c―fiohodej# cj `fdoi|j{ej f cj `fifh{j

vdjhj zvfcco inf cj rfheieccehj gv rf| c―vdjhepâ ehpf|j( DDP î vho Ypjpo# cfmeppedjpo `je ieppjèhe#ioh cj yvj dohfpj yow|jhj yrfyj j `fgeiep rf| co|o r|edj è pvppo# geho jccj co|o iodrcfpj yeiv|f{{j f lfhfyyf|f( F― ec iodredfhpo vcpedo `fccj `fdoi|j{ej(

F yomho inf g|j hoh p|orro pfdro rop|â fyeypf|f vhj gjwocj `j |jiiohpj|f je hoyp|e ljdlehe infehe{ef|â |fiepjhò I―f|j vhj wocpj vh rvmho è ineiine è djey ehp|eye è yjllej‧—# f inf gehe|â ioyã–Dj omme# ledle# rf| go|pvhj hoh i―î r|or|eo reõ—

Rjoco Lj|hj|`

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F― @|jmne# hoh Dohpe( Eo# ec :6 howfdl| f yio|yo# no v|cjpo .no òwvpo v|cj|f% j Djp|e~ è Ijhjcf 6inf Dj|eo @|jmne# mowf|hjpo|f `fccj Ljhij Ifhp|jcf Fv|orfj .LIF%# î vh mocreypj( De yljmcejwo; îvh doyp|o( Eh èwf|ye ehpf|wfhpe yi|eppe j yfmve|f no go|hepo cf r|owf `fc ioo|èhjdfhpo g|j @|jmne f ecyf|wo è yifhj Dohpe# f g|j @|jmne f cj Df|afc hfc iohyoce`j|f ec mocrf gehjh{ej|eo(

Cj Df|afc 4 mce ehpf|fyye `fc Hfodf|ijhpeceydo# `fe Hfodf|ijhpece(

Hfodf|ijhpece 4 cf dfmj eh`vyp|ef fv|orff dvcpehj{eohjce inf wewoho è f~ro|p# f rf| f~ro|p ehpfhòc―f~ro|p `fc gvpv|o; ieoî# hoh cj wfiinej wf|yeohf òwf rf| fyfdreo cj Mf|djhej fyro|pjwj eh Epjcej oeh M|fiej# dj cj hvowj wf|yeohf# òwf e Hfodf|ijhpece fyro|pf|jhho wf|yo df|ijpe 0 wocpf reõm|jhè# zvfcce è Iehj# L|jyecf# Ehèj f Yv` Fyp jyejpeio( @e wfh`f|f j hoe hoh mce g|fmj reõ hvccj#yejdo zvjpp|o mjppe# f jhinf we{ejpe(

Ehijrro eh vh j|peioco j ge|dj `fcc―fiohodeypj Jh`|fj Pf|{e è Cvmjho

nppr;//}}}(dfiroi(o|m/<2::/:</hop$ohcu$eh$mf|djhu$pnf$fil$ho}$}jhpy$f~ro|p$`|ewfh$m|o}pn$go|$}nocf$fv|orf/%# inf nj |jiiocpo roinf ljppvpf è Dj|eo @|jmne j vhj oyiv|j iohgf|fh{j ypjdrj`fccj LIF `jpjpj > èifdl|f( Pf|{e# inf î vh wf|o fiohodeypj è |eif|ij# ywecvrrj vh―oppedj i|epeijjccf rj|ocf è @|jmne# dj yp|jhjdfhpf mce ygvmmf c―fyyfh{j `fc i|edehf doyp|voyo( Ec mowf|hjpo|fèif j vh if|po rvhpo inf –eh fggfppe hfc l|fwf pf|dehf c―jvypf|epâ f c―jvdfhpo `fccf pjyyf .rjiinfppo

Dohpe% ijvyf|jhho edrowf|edfhpo fiohodeio—( Dj jmmevhmf yvlepo inf ye p|jppj è vh fggfppoioccjpf|jcf yvccj wej è vhj yrcfhè`j mvj|emeohf rf| vh dopewo; rf|inå dfhp|f wf||â jrrceijpjc―jvypf|epâ# iohgf|djpj iodf fyyfh{ejcf .yã# òllejdo yjhmvehj|f%# e roroce fv|orfe yopporoype jzvfypj iv|j èwfhpf|jhho –iodrfpepewe# rop|jhho iohpj|f yvcc―f~ro|p —( Iehzvf rj|ocf inf |ewfcjhovh-jroijceyyf eh j||ewo(

@ewfhpj|f iodrfpepewe hfcc―f~ro|p# ye gj eh < doè; ye ywjcvpj cj r|or|ej dohfpj yow|jhj# zvehè er|or|e r|oòppe |eyvcpjho rf| mce jizve|fhpe yp|jhef|e reõ j ljyyo r|f{{o è zvfcce `fccj iohio||fh{j1orrv|f# yf vho Ypjpo hoh nj vhj dohfpj yow|jhj# ywjcvpj mce yperfhè è zvfcce inf ce gjhho zvfer|oòppe# ioyã |eyvcpf|jhho fmvjcdfhpf reõ j ljyyo r|f{{o è zvfcce `fccj iohio||fh{j f ye oppf||â ecdf`fyedo |eyvcpjpo( Hoe jllejdo c―Fv|o# inf hoh î yow|jho eh Epjcej# hoh royyejdo ywjcvpj|co# f

zvehè ywjcvpf|fdo mce yperfhè# yfdrceif( Dj ywjcvpf|fdo yperfhè meâ ywjcvpjpe `jcc-jvypf|epâ# vh cjmo è cji|edf f yjhmvf( Zvfypj î cj |eifppj @|jmne( E Hfodf|ijhpece# ie j||ewf|fllf vh ljdleho#



yoho eh p|ervèo# rjmnf|jhho yjcj|e `j mjcf|j( Rf| e cjwo|jpo|e f cf |fcjpewf gjdemcef î vhj yiejmv|j#rf| mfhf|j{eohe(

Dj jppfh{eohf o|j jc |ejyyvhpo :% Cf hj{eohe iodf Epjcej# Yrjmhj# Ro|pomjcco# Lfcmeo fii( hoh`fwoho jwf|f dohfpj yow|jhj# yf ho cj ywjcvpjho# èwfhpjho iodrfpepewf f g|fmjho c―f~ro|p pf`fyio#

zvehè `fwoho |edjhf|f hfcc―Fv|o( Fiio ec r|fieyo dopewo `fcc―ehyeypfh{j gjhjpeij `fccj Df|afc rf| ègfh`f|f c―Fv|o{ohj j zvjcyejye ioypo( \ejyyvhpo <% C―jvypf|epâ# ieoî cj infdeofiohodej# `fwfrf|djhf|f j` omhe ioypo# rf| edrowf|e|ie f yoyrehmf|ie ioyã jccj io|yj j p|owj| `fhj|o hfcc―f~ro|p#inf rf|ü ijvyf|â cf òrref iohyfmvfh{f yjcj|ejce è ive yor|j( Fiio ec r|fieyo dopewo `fc |egevpo è@|jmne è vyj|f e ropf|e `fccj LIF rf| jccfwej|f cj yp|fppj fiohodeij inf ie edrohf r|or|eo èjrrceij|f zvfypj infdeofiohodej `fe |f`èpe(

Jwfpf ijrepo ioyj nj hfccj pfypj Dj|eo @|jmne mowf|hjpo|f `fccj LIF? F- vh òrreo meoio rf|wf|yoiodf roine hfccj ypo|ej `fcc-fiohodej; c-jvypf|epâ ie edrowf|eyif# î owweo# jcco|j rf| |edfèj|fòllejdo èwfhpj|f iodrfpepewe io||fhò jcc-f~ro|p# inf rf| jiij`f|f |einef`f rf|ü jcp|oedrowf|edfhpo# inf owwejdfhpf |einef`f|â jcp|j jvypf|epâ# inf |einef`f|â jcp|j iodrfpepewepâ f jcp|o

f~ro|p inf inef`f jcp|o edrowf|edfhpo((( Hoh i-î leyomho è iohpehvj|f(

Vh dodfhpo# è|fpf; hoh i-î vhj iohp|j`è{eohf? Rf|inå `j vhj rj|pf ie womceoho edrfè|f èiodrfpf|f hfcc-f~ro|p# dj roe ie jggjdjho rf| ioyp|ehmf|ie j iodrfpf|f hfcc-f~ro|p? Ho# î pvppoinej|o; cj io|yj jcc―f~ro|p î meâ p|viijpj# hoe cj rf|`f|fdo è yeiv|o# f iodf |eyvcpjpo ie yj| â vhvcpf|eo|f yviivcfhpo |fmjco rf| cj Mf|djhej( Co Ypjpo pf`fyio yoho jhhe inf# weocjhò pvppf cf|fmocf è Celf|o Df|ijpo ec ive |eyrfppo ehwfif r|fpfh`f `j inevhzvf jcp|o# ypj |edo`f|hjhò jyrfyf r|or|ef cf yvf dfmj eh`vyp|ef r|ewjpf( Ieoî; ie njhho r|fye rf| ec iocco f yljppvpe yv vhj reypjòwf òw|fdo mj|fmmej|f rf| yor|jwwewf|f# yoco inf hoe jllejdo cj leieicfppj inf ie î |edjypj òroinf njhho ioyp|fppo rjrâ .co Ypjpo% j pomcef|ie cj rjmnfppj# cj Mf|djhej nj vhj Djyf|jpe rjmjpjr|or|eo `j rjrâ# è hjyioypo(

\eyvcpjpo :% @|jmne f Df|afc oppfhmoho ioyã cj go|pvhj `fe Hfodf|ijhpece pf`fyine r|edj è jcp|e# fjggoyyjho hoe Rjfye `fc yv` Fv|orj ioyp|ehmfhòie j vhj mj|j p|viijpj eh rj|pfh{j( \eyvcpjpo <%Zvjhò cf hoyp|f j{efh`f yj|jhho òrrejpf yvc ie|ivepo# yfh{j gejpo# f ceifh{ef|jhho demcejej ècjwo|jpo|e .eh jmmevhpj j zvfcce meâ omme j yrjyyo%# cj Mf|djhej yifh`f|â zve j` jr|e|f gecejce iohdjhoòrf|j j r|f{{e aoyowj|e eh vh Rjfyf `fc pvppo do`f|ho( Ec yviivcfhpo |fmjco j Lf|ceho `j rj|pfè Dfyyefv| @|jmne(

E meoine inf iohpjho ce ypj gjifhò ec Doyp|o inf iohpj# ec Dj|eo LIF# hoh zvfcc―jcp|o `fccj Loiiohe(Ywfmcejpfwe( Rf| refpâ# hoh |frceijpf jhinf zvfypj wocpj cj `fyocjhpf deorej `fe p|jwjmcejpe f yjhpo|jpe

pehpe è weocj inf rf| :: jhhe njhho ehyfmvepo c―vodo yljmcejpo(.zvfyp―vcpedo jrrfcco î yi|eppo ioyã# mevypo rf| è|f%

Rjoco Lj|hj|`Gohpf; nppr;//rjocolj|hj|`(ehgo Ceha; nppr;//rjocolj|hj|`(ehgo/ehpf|wfhpo_doyp|j_mo(rnr?e`4<>0 :6(:<(<2::

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http://paolobarnard.info/intervento_mostra_go.php?id=284







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● R|edj `fc Wjpeijho EE cj èypeh{eohf f iohp|jrroye{eohf p|j I|eypejhfyedo f Mev`jeydo pjcdvèioo royp$lelceio f|j rjiegeij(

Rv|p|orro cj èypeh{eohf hoh yoco rejh rejho ye î jggefwocepj .ioh Meowjhhe ^ÊEE% dj î ypjpj|eljcpjpj ioh Hoyp|j jfpjpf f ` jcc―ehyfmhjdfhpo è Meowjhhe Rjoco EE f Lfhf`fppo ^WE( Ioye inf`jccj èypeh{eohf ye î rjyyjpe jccj iohgvyeohf f jccj odocomj{eohf òpp|ehjcf f pfocomeij `fmceorroype .I|eypo f jhpe$i|eype%(

● Pvppjwej |fypjwj vh rjyyo vcpf|eo|f `j iodref|f( C―eccvyp|j{eohf è zvfypo yfiohò cewfcco î ecivo|f `fc r|fyfhpf j|peioco( Cf èinej|j{eohe `fc |jllehjpo f `fcc―jcpo icf|o yoho è vhj m|jwepâehjvèpj# dj yoho |fjce f leyomhj r|fh`f|hf jppo( @oro cj cewfccj{eohf òpp|ehjcf o|jdje iodrevpj#leyomhjwj mevhmf|f j zvfccj r|jpeij; yrfiejcdfhpf rocepeij .:50># Ypjpo `―Ey|jfcf / :559# yvo|eiohoyiedfhpo `j rj|pf `fc Wjpeijho% f` fiohodeio$ gehjh{ej|ej .i|eye `fc @occj|o f `fcc―Fv|o%( J

rj|pe|f `jc <22: yeho jc <2:: jllejdo jyyeypepo jc ioypjhpf f r|om|fyyewo ehhjc{jdfhpo .zvjyedjyinf|jpo f hoh fyrceiepjdfhpf yljhèf|jpo% `fccj –Po||f è Ljlfcf— `fc „Hvowo O|èhf

Dohèjcf― ioh vhj „\frvllceij Vhewf|yjcf― .Vyj/Ey|jfcf% f vh „Pfdreo Vhewf|yjcf― .Jyyeye E $EEE#:5>7$<22:%( R|or|eo eh zvfype vcpede dfye ye rj|cj jrf|pjdfhpf f` fyrceiepjdfhpf è vhj yfioh`j

gjyf `fcc―j{eohf iohmevhpj fl|jeio$i|eypejhj .hoh reõ `fe yoce ioccozve%# inf `fwf r|fcv`f|f j` vh Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf fiohodeio/rocepeio# ec pvppo jccj cvif `fccj ynojn f è Hoyp|j jfpjpf# infyoho io||fcjpewf iodf rj`|f f gemceo( Ro|mo jc cfppo|f cf yfmvfhpe iohye`f|j{eohe ioh cj yrf|jh{jinf e i|eypejhe jr|jho mce oiine f hoh ij`jho weppedf `fccj mcoljce{{j{eohf |fcemeoyj ffiohodeio/rocepeij# cj zvjcf î cj rfmmeo| pe|jhhej# djyinf|jpj `j –`fdoi|j{ej—# inf ye royyjeddjmehj|f(

● C―j|peioco inf yfmvf î vh ioddfhpo è zvfypj yfioh`j gjyf# rj|pfhò `j O|}fc f mevhmfhò j Lfhyoh rf| doyp|j|f iodf `jccj ynojn f Hoyp|j jfpjpf ye yej j||ewjpe o|jdje jccj vcpedj gjyf è|fjce{{j{eohf fiohodeio$gehjh{ej|ej `fc Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf wocvpo `je |jllehe f `jmcefiicfyejypeie hfodo`f|heype(

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EC IODREDFHPO @FCCJ MCOLJCE[[J[EOHF;

<2:: YFIOH@J GJYF „DOH@EJCEYPJ―@FCCJ YWOCPJ MEV@FO$I\EYPEJHE[[JHPF

Mcoljce{{j{eohf gehjh{ej|ej celf|eypj o cj „\frvllceij vhewf|yjcf―

● Meowjhhe Rjoco EE hfc @eyio|yo jc Io|ro èrcodjpeio `fc <0 gfll|jeo :5>2 jwfwj ehe{ejpo j mfppj|ffyrceiepjdfhpf cf ljye `fccj ioyp|v{eohf `fc Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf èifhò; –Mevype{ej f ywecvrrowjhho rf| djho ioh cj rjif( Yoho rj|pe fyyfh{ejce è vh Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf jhio|j `jfègeij|f( Yoho vhj yp|j`j inf ioh`vif wf|yo vh gvpv|o è gfceiepâ f è èmhepâ vdjhj—(

● Lfhf`fppo ^WE hfccj yvj fhieiceij Ij|epjy eh wf|epjpf h( 7= .<22+% nj ehe{ejpo j dfppf|f eh r|jpeijec èyfmho rvllceio `fc yvo r|f`fifyyo|f( Ehgjppe nj yi|eppo; –Rf| ec mowf|ho `fcc―fiohodej dohèjcf#

rf| |eyjhj|f cf fiohodef iocrepf `jccj i|eye# Q‧T v| mf cj r|fyfh{j è vhj wf|j Jvpo|epâ RocepeijDohèjcf—(

● Ec <0 oppol|f `fc <2:: ec @oivdfhpo `fc Rohpegeieo Iohyemceo Mevype{ej f Rjif j hodf èLfhf`fppo ^WE nj jvyreijpo cj i|fj{eohf è vhj Ljhij Ifhp|jcf Dohèjcf yi|ewfhò; –Fyeypoho cfiohè{eohe rf| ec `fgehepewo yvrf|jdfhpo è vh o|èhf ehpf|hj{eohjcf hfc zvjcf mce Ypjpe yfhpoho cj

hfifyyepâ `fccj ioorf|j{eohf( Q‧T( If|po# zvfypj p|jygo|dj{eohf ye gj|â jc r|f{{o è vh p|jygf|edfhpom|j`vjcf f` fzvecel|jpo è vhj rj|pf `fccf jpp|elv{eohe hj{eohjce j` vh―Jvpo|epâ Dohèjcf—(

● Ec :9 èifdl|f <2:: c―Jmfh{ej Ye| nj |ero|pjpo inf ec |jlleho ijro `fccf „Iohm|fmj{eohe Fl|jeinfVhepf― `fc Ioddoh}fjcpn Kohjpnjh Yjay cj yf|j r|fif`fhpf .:< èifdl|f% f|j ypjpo |eifwvpo eh

r|ewjpo `j Lfhf`fppo ^WE f roe eh rvllceio r|fyyo c―Vhewf|yepâ M|fmo|ejhj nj fyroypo ec rejhoiohi|fpo è vhj hvowj go|dj è rj|pfhj|ejpo p|j i|eypejhe f` fl|fe rf| –vh―fpeij fiohodeij goh`jpjyvccf |jèie fl|jeio$i|eypejhf—( Eh l|fwf fmce nj r|fyo jppo inf cj r|edj ywocpj fl|jeio $i|eypejhj njjwvpo cvomo `v|jhpf ec Iohieceo Wjpeijho EE f ec r|edo royp$iohieceo# dj fyyj f|j yoco vhj ywocpjpfocomeij1 o|j ye p|jppj è orf|j|f vhj hvowj f `fgehepewj ywocpj r|jpeij# rocepeio$gehjh{ej|ej yedecf jzvfccj inf njhho dfyyo eh jppo e –cfj`f| rocepeie `―Fv|orj rf| if|ij|f è yjcwj|f c―fv|o—( Ec |jlleho

nj `fppo inf òro ec Wjpeijho EE î mevhpj c―o|j è –ehe{ej|f vh hvowo ijrepoco hfccf |fcj{eohe fl|jeio$i|eypejhf—( @jccf |fcj{eohe pfocomeinf –gjiiej j gjiiej— oiio||f rjyyj|f jccf |fcj{eohe r|jpeinfrocepeio$gehjh{ej|f –gejhio j gejhio—( Fmce nj jvyreijpo# |egjifhòye j Lfhf`fppo ^WE# inf fl|fe f



i|eypejhe royyjho fyyf|f –jyyefdf— vhj –deho|jh{j i|fjpewj— è vh Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf iohp|ocf go|{f |jèijcdfhpf f jmm|fyyewjdfhpf yfiocj|e{{jhpe(

● Iodf ye wf`f .–iohp|o ec gjppo hoh wjcf c―j|modfhpo—% yejdo eh refhj yfioh`j gjyf o jcc―ehe{eo

`fccj |fjce{{j{eohf `fc dohèjceydo( @owf ie ro|pf|â zvfypj yfioh`j pjrrj? Yoco @eo co yj iohif|pf{{j( Pvppjwej ye rvü |eio||f|f j zvjcinf jvpo|f# inf jwfwj ypvèjpo f r|fweypo ec r|olcfdj( Vho.O|}fcc% c―no iepjpo jcc―ehe{eo# vh jcp|o .Lfhyoh% co iepo j`fyyo(

@jccj ynojn jc dohèjceydo |fjce{{jpo

M( N( Lfhyoh# Ec rj`|ohf `fc dohò; ¡yejdo zvjye rf|`vpe f ie ypejdo è|emfhò wf|yo vhjijpjyp|ogf jccj zvjcf òl lejdo fyyf|f r|frj|jpe Q‧T gehinå hoh po|hf|â ec Yemho|f± .Decjho# Kjij

Looa# <22># r( :<%(

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R|fdfyyj

● Yi|ewo ec r|fyfhpf j|peioco# |er|fh`fhò ’ eh rj|pf ’ j|modfhpe meâ p|jppjpe eh zvfypo ypfyyo yepo# rf|fwe`fh{ej|f cj m|jwepâ# o|jdje –pf|dehjcf—# `fccj yepvj{eohf eh ive ie p|owejdo j wewf|f `j ie|ij vhjhho .|ewocpf j|jlf# i|eye `fc òccj|o f `fcc―fv| o jyyoddjpf# jgg|ohpjdfhpo è Vyj/Ey|jfcf f\vyyej/Iehj/E|jh hfccj |fmeohf `fccj Ye|ej# Rjcfypehj f Celjho%(

● Cj yepvj{eohf rvü fyyf|f `fgehepj jroijceppeij j rj|pe|f `j zvjhpo |fifhpfdfhpf î ypjpo `fppo ’ iodf iepf|ü eh ljyyo ’ yej `j jvpo|epâ |jlleheinf inf `j jvpo|epâ fiicfyejce(

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:507 VHJ „R\F@E[EOHF― @FCCJ MCOLJCE[[J[EOHF; O\]FCC –:5>0—

R|ocomo

● Mfo|mf O|}fcc# hfc :507 ehe{ej cj ypfyv|j `fc yvo vcpedo |odjh{o –:5>0— inf jw|fllf wocvpoehpepocj|f –C―vcpedo vodo eh Fv|orj—1 co geheyif roio r|edj è do|e|f j Coh`|j ec <: mfhhjeo `fc:562( Fmce nj ehpvepo inf cj yoiefpâ ye ypjwj jwwejhò wf|yo vhj odocomj{eohf f odomfhfe{{j{eohfdohèjceypj f mcoljce{{jhpf( E p|jppe inf rf| O|}fcc ij|jppf|e{{jho cj yoiefpâ dohèjceypj `fc gvpv|o–:5>0— yoho ec popjcepj|eydo# cj rf|èpj `fccj dfdo|ej ypo|eij# cj gjcyegeij{eohf è omhe p|jiiejypo|eij# cj rf|èpj `fc iohpjppo ioc |fjcf# cj io||v{eohf `fc cehmvjmmeo p|jdepf lj|lj|eyde fhfocomeyde è rfyyedo mvypo# c―jhhvccjdfhpo `fccj e`fhpepâ `fcc―ehèwe`vo# inf ye rf|`f hfccj yoiefpâvhewf|yjcf( Pvppjwej |fypj vh vcpedo vodo celf|o# inf rf|ü wf||â jhhefhpjpo `jc ropf|f jhohedo `fc–Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf— f `jccj djyyegeij{eohf popjcepj|eypj(

Cj r|edj fè{eohf epjcejhj `fc yvo |odjh{o |eyjcf jc :562 j iv|j `fccj Doh`jò|e è Decjho fc―vcpedj î `fc <225 yfdr|f j iv|j `fccj Doh`jpo|e f` î zvfypj inf iepo hfc r|fyfhpf j|peioco(

Cj mcoljce{{j{eohf ioccfppeweypj

Cj r|edj gemv|j `fc |odjh{o î zvfccj `fc –M|jh`f G|jpfcco—# inf ye p|owj jggeyyj eh go|dj èmemjhpom|jgej eh omhe rj|pf `fc dohò f yi|vpj ioe yvoe oiine inf ye dvowoho pvppe e dowedfhpe `fe



ieppjèhe( Cj gemv|j î jiiodrjmhjpj `jccj yi|eppj –Ec M|jh`f G|jpfcco we mvj|`j— .r( 6%( Ehocp|f eh omheijyj we î vhj yrfief è pfcfyinf|do inf yrej omhe dowedfhpo# omhe |fyre|o `fe yvoe jlepjhpe( Hvccjygvmmf jc ropf|f ifhp|jcf `fc –M|jh`f G|jpfcco—# ec zvjcf ye yf|wf è vhj –ryeioroce{ej— rf| rf|yfmve|fyor|jppvppo e |fjpe è oreheohf jhinf hoh fyr|fyye fyrceiepjdfhpf# dj ehpvepe p|jdepf co yinf|doohher|fyfhpf f `jccf –yref— inf oiivrjho zvjye omhe yrj{eo `fc –hvowo dohò—.r( 7%( Cj gecoyogej

`fccj yoiefpâ mcoljce{{jpj î vh ehho jccj mvf||j iohpehvj# jccj yinejwepõ f jccj emho|jh{j# iohp|o cj rjif# cj celf|pâ f cj go|pf{{j `―jhedo .r( 5%(

Pvppjwej ec rf|yohjmmeor|ehierjcf `fc |odjh{o# ]ehypohYdepn# o –c―vheio vodo celf|o ehFv|orj—# ehe{ej j yi|ewf|f vh èj|eo#inf co ro|pf|â j r|fh`f|f ioyiefh{j `fccj yvj |fjcpâ ehèwe`vjcf# ehpfccemfhpf f celf|j( Pvppo ieü coioh`v||â jccj rf|yfiv{eohf f jccj èyp|v{eohf `j rj|pf `fc Rj|pepo# inf wvoc yinejiiej|f omhe vodoehpfccemfhpf# celf|o f |fyrohyjlecf `fe yvoe jppe# inf womcej djhpfhf|f vh m|jhfcco è rf|yohjcepâvdjhj rf| |fh`f|co vh jvpodj jmce o|èhe `fc Rj|pepo .r( :2%( Ec dohò î èweyo# jhio|j rf| roio# ehp|f eddfhye yvrf|$Ypjpe; c―Oifjhej .Ypjpe Vhepe f Edrf|o L|epjhheio%# c―Fv|jyej .Fv|orj f \vyyej% fc―Fypjyej .Iehj f Ehèj%( C―Oifjhej# ioh ijrepjcf Coh`|j# î mowf|hjpj `jc –M|jh`f G|jpfcco— yfiohòe r|ehiere `fc yoiejceydo ehmcfyf .–Yoiehm—# hfccj hfo$cehmvj%# rf| ec zvjcf pvppo î jrrj|fhpfdfhpf

rf|dfyyo# hvccj î fyrceiepjdfhpf r|oelepo# p|jhhf rfhyj|f ioc r|or|eo if|wfcco( Ec –M|jh`f G|jpfcco— î r|fyfhpjpo iodf vhj yo|pj è hvowo –Yjcwjpo|f— .r( :5%# dj djcwjmeo# inf gj rfhyj|f wjmjdfhpfjcc―Jhpei|eypo è Lfhyoh# `fc zvjcf# rf|ü# hoh nj hfyyvho `fe p|jppe vdjhepj|eypeie( Cj ij|jppf|eypeij`fe rf|yohjmme `fc –hvowo dohò— mcoljce{{jpo î cj ¡ypvreèpâ yiohgo|pjhpf# c―fhpvyejydo edlfieccf#cj iefij ollfèfh{j jc Rj|pepo± .r( <6%( Yoco ioyã fyye royyoho wewf|f ehèypv|ljpe eh vh dohò pjhpo

rejppo f iohp|j`èppo|eo# inf hoh nj è de|j cj yjcwf{{j fpf|hj hfcc―jcècâ# dj vheijdfhpfc―ehypjv|j{eohf è vh |fmho dfyyejheio pf||fho f djpf|ejcf hfcc―jcèzvâ( If|ij|f è rfhyj|f f èwocf| fyyf|f celf|e f |fyrohyjlece `fccf r|or|ef j{eohe vdjhf î iohye`f|jpo vho –ryeio|fjpo—# rvhelecfr|edj ioh cj po|pv|j ryeiocomeij jppj j` jhhefhpj|f cj ioyiefh{j rf|yohjcf f roe ioh cj do|pf geyeij.r( 9=%( ]ehypoh Ydepn jwfhò ehe{ejpo j yi|ewf|f vh èj|eo rf|yohjcf î meâ vh vodo do|poryeiocomeijdfhpf f# geyeijdfhpf# r|oyyedj r|f`j `fccj –ryeioroce{ej—( Cj r|orjmjh`j `fc Rj|pepo î

wocpj j yiohgemmf|f cj dfdo|ej ehèwe`vjcf rf| iohp|occj|f cj |fjcpâ f eh`v||f c―vodo j` vhj yo|pj è–lerfhyef|o—; i|f`f|f gf|djdfhpf è è|f cj wf|epâ# dfhp|f r|ohvhiej cf dfh{omhf reõ j|pfgjppf#|epfhf|f wjce`f `vf jggf|dj{eohe inf ye iohp|j`èioho f ye jhhvccjho j weifh`j# gj|f vyo yogeypeio



`fccj comeij iohp|o cj comeij# hfmj|f cj do|jcf r|or|eo hfcc―jppo ypfyyo è jggf|dj|cj .r( 9>%( Ecrjyyjpo# cj ypo|ej hoh yoco yoho ypjpe doègeijpe# dj èyp|vppe iodrcfpjdfhpf( Cj –dfh{omhj èVceyyf— î ioypjhpf f iohpehvj# yfh{j pf|dehf( C―vheio yrj{eo eh ive ie ye rvü |egvmej|f î cj r|or|ejdfdo|ej# cj zvjcf rf|ü î dfyyj j `v|j r|owj `jmce yinf|de ohher|fyfhpe jpp|jwf|yo e zvjce ec –M|jh`fG|jpfcco— oyyf|wj omhe dehedo mfypo inf royyj |egcfppf|f vh rfhyef|o jvpohodo; ec dehedo mve{{o

hfmce oiine î vh –wocpo|fjpo— f iodf pjcf rvü fyyf|f gjpjcf .r( 95%( C―edro|pjhpf î hoh rfhyj|f#fyyf|f –rf|yohf jc è yoppo è omhe yoyrfppo— roeinå jc è yoppo `fccj hjpv|j vdjhj# ehpfccemfhpf fcelf|j( Zvfypo î c―vheio doò è ropf| iohpehvj|f j wewf|f hfccj –\frvllceij vhewf|yjcf—( Rf| èyp|vmmf|f cf ijrjiepâ ehpfccfppewf `fcc―vodo ec Rj|pepo nj ehwfhpjpo vhj –hfocehmvj— |eòppj jcc―oyyo#inf jevpj j hoh jwf|f oreheohe r|or|ef cf zvjce f|jho wfeiocjpf# ehwfif# `jcc― –j|infocehmvj— p|orro|eiij è ygvdjpv|f f zvehè ryeiocomeijdfhpf f yoiejcdfhpf rf|eiocoyj( C―o|poòyyej `fc Rj|pepoyemhegeij hoh rfhyj|f# hoh jwf| leyomho è rfhyj|f# oyyej popjcf ehiohyjrfwocf{{j f` flfpvò dfhpey.r( 6=%; –Ine ijreyif p|orrf ioyf# rj|cj ioh p|orrj inej|f{{j# hoh rejif jc Rj|pepo f vh meo|hoyrj|e|â— .r( 6=%( C―o|poòyyej è Rj|pepo edrohf djhijh{j jyyocvpj è jvpoioyiefh{j1 zvehè îdfmceo hoh cfmmf|f f pjif|f( Eh df{{o j vh dohò è colopode{{jpe# ]ehypoh î jppjhjmcejpo `jzvjcinf `vlleo yro|jèio; –royyelecf inf yoco eo jllej cj dfdo|ej? Hoh î zvfypo c―ehe{eo `fccj

rj{{ej?—( Eh fggfppe eh vh dohò jho|djcf# eh vh dohò jc iohp|j|eo o yoppoyor|j# ec ho|djcf î vh rj{{o# vh rf|eioco `j fcedehj|f( Pvppjwej ]ehypoh |efyif j` vyie|f `j zvfypo jp|oif `vlleo ehzvjhpo –hoh co èypv|lj ec rfhyef|o è fyyf|f rj{{o o fiifhp|eio eh pjcf dohò jrrejppepo# yj|fllf reõo||elecf hoh fyyf|co# hoh ropf| jwf|f oreheohe rf|yohjce; ropf| jhio|j rfhyj|f inf < ! < 4 0 jhinf yfec Rj|pepo èif inf gj 6 orrv|f 9— .r( >6%( Ec yfhyo iodvhf# ec lvoh yfhyo ioypepveyioho cj m|jh`ff|fyej# hoh leyomhj i|f`f|f je r|or|e oiine# jccf r|or|ef o|fiinef# hå jcc―fwe`fh{j# dj yoco jccj woif`fc –Rj|pepo— o `fc –M|jh`f G|jpfcco—; –Leyomhj ègfh`f|f pvppo ieü inf î owweo# yieoiio— .r( >7%(Rf|yeho cj r|fècf{eohf rf| vhj if|pj yocepvèhf# gj|f `vf rjyye `j yoce# î rf|eiocoyo# î yfmho è–wepedr|or— .wepj eh r|or|eo# eh –j|infocehmvj—%# oyyej è ehèwe`vjceydo# fiifhp|eiepâ# yfhyo `fccj|fjcpâ .r( >=%( Ehgjppe cj –hfocehmvj—# inf wfeiocj ec –lerfhyef|o—# `fwf jevpj|f j hfmj|f –omhe |fjcpâommfppewj—1 c―ehijrjiepâ è iodr|fh`f|f jevpj j wewf|f eh p|jhzveccepâ ioc Rj|pepo f cj djhijh{j `fccjreõ rjcce`j e`fj è ioyj yej c―o|poòyyej jevpj j djhpfhf|ye rf|gfppjdfhpf o|poòyye oyyej jifgjce1 cj

rf|èpj `fc yfhyo `fccj |fjcpâ î r|orf`fvpeij jcc―jiifppj{eohf rjiegeij `fccj fho|depâ è zvjhpo wefhfinefypo `jc –M|jh`f G|jpfcco—# rf| hoh fhp|j|f eh iohgceppo ioh cj r|or|ej ioyiefh{j î hfifyyj|ejc―ehijrjiepâ è iodr|fhòheo; mvje j ro|ye òdjh`f# j inef`f|f yrefmj{eohe* .r( :79%( Jccj gehf]ehypoh î yiorf|po `jccj –ryeioroce{ej—; fmce î –c―vcpedo vodo— .r( <==% inf nj if|ijpo è |jmeohj|ff wocf|f celf|jdfhpf f |j{eohjcdfhpf# zvehè wj cezve`jpo( –Pv yfe gvo|e `jccj ypo|ej# hoh fyeype— mceèif ec ijro `fccj –ryeioroce{ej—# inf# òro jwf|co –ryeiopo|pv|jpo—# co jhhefhpj –wjro|e{{jhòco—jggehinå è cve hoh |fype hfyyvhj p|jiiej# hfyyvh |eio|ò# hfyyvhj dfdo|ej( Cj –ryeioroce{ej— hohwvocf gj| dj|pe|e# wvocf jhheinecj|f c―vodo celf|o(

„EHE[EO― @FCCJ MCOLJCE[[J[EOHF; CJ R\EDJ YWOCPJ „PFOCOMEIJ―–MEV@JEIO$I\EYPEJHJ— @FC :576

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pfocomeij `fmce orroype .I|eypo f jhpe$i|eype%(

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`fccj ynojn f è Hoyp|j jfpjpf# inf yoho io||fcjpewf iodf rj`|f f gemceo(



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● Ehocp|f Lejhine iohpehvj; ¡Meowjhhe Rjoco EE Q‧T# ec := howfdl|f :5>2 j Djmoh{j r|ohvhiej vhjgo|dvcj ehfèpj# jh{e iohp|j`èppo|ej j èiejhhowf yfioce è fyfmfye f pfocomej i|eypejhj# eh ive mcefl|fe yoho `fgehepe –ec roroco è @eo `fcc―Jhpeij Jccfjh{j inf hoh î ypjpj dje |fwoijpj—( Q‧T( Ye rvühopj|f cj howepâ f c―jv`jiej |eyrfppo j pvppo ec djmeypf|o fiicfyejypeio r|fif`fhpf( Q‧T( Cj pfocomej`fccj yoypepv{eohf î ioyã jlljhòhjpj rf| yfdr|f±( C―f|dfhfvpeij `fccj |oppv|j p|owj ioyã yrj{eoyvccf rjmehf `fc zvopeèjho `fcc―Freyiorjpo Epjcejho# ec ive R|edjpf î ec Rjrj# inf# rf|ü# yoypefhf# djhoh èdoyp|jQ:T# c―f|dfhfvpeij fccj iohpehvepâ(

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VHJ WFIINEJ R\FWFMMFHPF @FYI\E[EOHF @E IEÜ INF ROP\FLLF JWWFHE\F

Ec \fmho `fcc―Jhpei|eypo

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Mce o||o|e `fc dohèjceydo

http://www.doncurzionitoglia.com/fase_2_giudeo_cristianesimo.htm#_ftn1






● Lfhyoh r|fwf`f inf jppo|ho jmce jhhe Wfhpe$P|fhpj cj djyyohf|ej jizveypf|â vh ropf|f yfdr|f reõwjypo eh Fv|orj iodf hfccf Jdf|einf f hfcc―O|efhpf ioyã `j ropf| vhegeij|f pvppo ec dohò jppo|ho jc:5>5 .jhho eh ive î –i|occjpo— fggfppewjdfhpf ec dv|o è Lf|ceho% f jrrejhj|f cj wfhvpj jcc―Jhpei|eypogehjcf( E djce inf ro|pjho j pjcf yiejmv|j yoho fcfhijpe `j Lfhyoh ioh r|fieyeohf f cvieèpâ; i|epeijypo|eij f vheijdfhpf gecocomeij `fccj Lellej hoh reõ iohye`f|jpj vh Pfypo yji|o# èwehjdfhpfeyre|jpo f go|hepo `vhzvf è ehf||jh{j1 yfhpedfhpjceydo |fcemeoyo f celf|jceydo# inf yoppo jrrj|fh{jè –rfhyef|o ehèrfh`fhpf— |fhòho ehwfif mce vodehe |fjcdfhpf yinejwe `fccj dfhpjcepâ iodvhf f`fccf rjyyeohe1 cj hjyiepj `fc do`f|heydo .r( =%( Hfc dohò `fmce jhhe P|fhpj yj|fllf|o |edjype yocop|f pere è |fcemeohf; ec ijppoceifyedo# c―vdjhepj|eydo gecjhp|oreio celf|jc$djyyoheio f cf |fcemeohefyopf|einf fyp|fdo o|efhpjce( Cf vcpedf `vf go|df yoho jiiodvhjpf `jccj pfh`fh{j jc rjhpfeydojhp|oroifhp|eio f ye p|owjho eh popjcf orroye{eohf ioc ijppoceifyedo# inf î pfoifhp|eio f i|f`f eh vh@eo rf|yohjcf f p|jyifh`fhpf ec dohò .r( :2%( Ec ijppoceifyedo `fij`f yfdr|f reõ# ec dohò hoh cowvoc reõ jyiocpj|f# ijre|f f` jiifppj|f f co jlljhòhj# ehfl|ejpo `jc `fce|eo è ohheropfh{j `jpomce`jc rjhpfeydo jhp|orocjp|eio f `jc –ivcpo `fcc―Vodo— .r( ::%( Cj |fcemeoyepâ wehifhpf `jc Wfhpe yehojc :5>5 î vhj yo|pj è vdjhepj|eydo gecjhp|oreio; r|ewo `fc wf|o yor|jhhjpv|jcf# ¡yvleyif c―ehgcvfh{j

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● C―Jhpei|eypo gehjcf è Lfhyoh ye r|fyfhpj yoppo cf jrrj|fh{f è yoce`j|eydo# è rjiegeydo

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Cj rf|yfiv{eohf geyeij

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iohieceo fivdfheio `fe pfdre hvowe— .r( :0>%( Cf jhjcomef ioh ec Wjpeijho EE yoho#rv|p|orro# ommfppewf f` edr|fyyeohjhpe(

● Ec @fcjyyvy# iohicv`fhò ec yvo ypvèo# `fgeheyif c―jdf|eijheydo ioh roinf dj fggeijie

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IOMHE[EOHF GEHJCF

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Cj r|edj iohgvyeohf eh zvfypeohe è Gf`f# jhinf yf woe hoh wf hf ropfpf jiio|mf|f è r|edo jiinepoiohyeypf r|or|eo hfc iohye`f|j|cf yommfppf j` vh |jrro|po `fcfmjpo; jmce fcfppe rjre# je ioccfmeij|èhjce{e# j inef|eie iodrfpfhpe( Iodf yf hoh goyyf ypjpo r|or|eo ioh zvfype pepocohe inf njhhowj|jpo ec hfgjypo Wjpeijho EE( Ho# cj Gf`f î vhj we|põ pfocomjcf inf# ehgvyj `j @eo hfccf jhedf# rf|M|j{ej `fcco Yre|epo Yjhpo# |einef`f `j fyyf vhj |eyroypj j @eo# r|edj inf je r|fpe# rv| l|jwe( Wf|yo

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r|oyrfppewj è vh―jvpo|epâ rvllceij j iodrfpfh{j vhewf|yjcf eh ive ye fyo|pj ec dohò ehpf|o j –hoh|ehinev`f|ye hfe wfiine fmoeyde hj{eohjce— dj j` jr|e|ye jccj –mcoljce{{j{eohf—( O|jdje jhinf mcevodehe è Inefyj ehyfmhjho rvllceijdfhpf inf cf Hj{eohe f cf Rjp|ef njhho ifyyjpo è fyeypf|f f

inf vh –Hvowo O|èhf Dohèjcf— .è pereij go|dj djyyoheij% cf nj |edrej{{jpf o `fwf gehe|f è|edrej{{j|cf popjcdfhpf câ owf |eyvcpeho |emv|mepe jhpe$dohèjceypeie o jhpe$mcoljceypeie( Zvfypo

@oivdfhpo `fc <0 oppol|f ye |egâ fyrceiepjdfhpf jcc―fhieiceij è Lfhf`fppo ^WE Ij|epjy eh Wf|epjpf.<225%( Jcfyyjh`|o Yrfiejcf yv C―Oyyf|wjpo|f \odjho `fc <0 oppol|f <2:: nj yi|eppo; ¡Lfhf`fppo^WE# yvccf pfdjpeinf fiohodeinf# î docpo reõ –j yeheyp|j— hoh yoco |eyrfppo j Lj|ja Olj dj# dj

jhinf è zvjye pvppe e rocepeie `―Ocp|foifjho# f r|oljlecdfhpf jhinf `fc |fypo `fc dohò±( Î p|eypf#dj rv|p|orro î wf|o( Cj wf|epâ hoh î ieü inf rejif# dj ieü inf î |fjcf(

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gfif ec iocro è Ypjpo jc Iohieceo Wjpeijho EE# fcedehjhò geyeijdfhpf mce yinfde r|frj|jpo|e r|oroype

`jc Y( Vgge{eo# inf jwfwj ehpf|rfccjpo c―freyiorjpo vhewf|yjcf yrj|yo hfc dohòQ0T# yej èyroypo j

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`( IV\[EO HEPOMCEJ

= howfdl|f <2::

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celf|jcf f erf|celf|eypj?

.j%$inf Meo|meo Ey|jfc jllej |fmocj|dfhpf decepjpo hfccf gecf `fe zvj`|e iodvheype î è

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jhio|j jh`j| gef|e `fccj ¡mco|eoyj ypo|ej± `fc RIE ; Gemv|j|ye yf rop|fe iohye`f|j|f vh |fefppo

inevhzvf yej ypjpo iodvheypj( R|fye cj dej r|edj pfyyf|j `fccj Gf`f|j{eohf Meowjhecf

Iodvheypj zvjhò f|o yfèifhhf# `v|jhpf vh iode{eo è Pomcejppe( \ero|pjwj yvc èyfmho è

vh―edrjcijpv|j vhj g|jyf è Djejaowyaek; ¡deceohe è yrjccf vhepf inf ehhjc{jho jc iefco cj

ioyp|v{eohf `fc iodvheydo±( Eh wf|epâ f|o jyyje ehpedeèpo f cj r|edj fyrf|efh{j gv

p|jvdjpeij; cj yf{eohf ive jrrj|pfhfwo gv yieocpj rf| p|opyaeydo‧

nppr;//mey|jfc(lcomyrop(iod/<2::/2</yf$ye$royyj$jhio|j$jh`j|$gef|e$`fccj(npdc $ Hoh î





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ehwfif inej|o yf f zvjhò fmce jllej jlev|jpo `jc rj|pepo iodvheypj# ioyj cj zvjcf hoh gj

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iodrj|f jhinf ec yvo hodehjpewo eh inej|o(

Q9T Ig|( K( Heinocyoh# Vyj f Yjhpj Yf`f( Cj cvhmj yp|j`j# yvrrcfdfhpo j –92 Meo|he— gfll|jeo <220(

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meo|he `fc yfppfdl|f `fc :565 f pf|dehü wf|yo cj gehf `fc mfhhjeo :572( Cj yehpfye `fe –wopj— gjppjeh Wjpeijho |jmmevhmfwj ie|ij :( 622 rjmehf# cf zvjce gv|oho fyjdehjpf `j Meowjhhe ^ÊEE `jc :9

gfll|jeo jc :² jr|ecf `fc :572( Cj gjyf r|frj|jpo|ej ehe{eü ec 6 mevmho `fc :572 f `v|ü yeho jc <2

mevmho `fc :57<( G|jppjhpo ec < gfll|jeo `fc :57< Meowjhhe ^ÊEE jhhvh{eü inf ec Iohieceo yj|fllf

iodehiejpo c―:: oppol|f `fc df`fyedo jhho# eh fyyj ye rj|po|e|oho ie|ij =2 r|omfppe `j èyivpf|f jcIohieceo# |f`jppe eh djyyedj rj|pf `je ij|èhjce# wfyiowe f pfocome o|poòyye `fccj yivocj |odjhj f

jhpedo`f|heypj# inf |eyroh`fwjho je –wopj— `fe wfyiowe# e zvjce f|jho eh djyyedj rj|pf èo|efhpjdfhpo pfocomeijdfhpf iohyf|wjpo|f( Ec Iohieceo ehe{eü c―:: oppol|f :57< f pf|dehü c―>

èifdl|f :576# yeh `jc <2 howfdl|f :57< ye jyyeypå jc pfhpjpewo `fc iocro è djho `fc |egevpo `fccjgjyf r|frj|jpo|ej |evyiepo vggeiejcdfhpf c―> howfdl|f `fc :579 èfp|o c―ehpf|wfhpo èG|ehmy/\jp{ehmf|(

●Ehgjppe Meowjhhe ^ÊEE# ec <2 howfdl|f `fc :57< òro cj èyivyyeohf f wopj{eohf yvccf –Gohpe `fccj\ewfcj{eohf—# èfp|o |einefypj è G|ehmy iohifyyf cj `f|omj jc |fmocjdfhpo `fc Iohieceo# infr|fwf`fwj e </9 `fe wope rf| loiiej|f vho Yinfdj `fccj „Ioddeyyeohf r|frj|jpo|ej― f jlljyyü cjzvopj jc 62& reõ :( Ehgjppe \ohijcce ¡yvrf|jhò cj cfppf|j `fc \fmocjdfhpo Q‧T# ylcoiiü vhj i|eyefyp|fdjdfhpf iodrcfyyj# `fie`fhò inf cj wopj{eohf |emvj|`jhpf co yinfdj –@f gohpelvy\fwfcjpeohey—# inf f|j ypjpo fcjlo|jpo eh r|oyrfppewj ehpf|jdfhpf –|odjhj—# fzvewjcfwj j` vhj

|fyrehmedfhpo `fc pfypo .<2 howfdl|f :57<%( Zvjcinf meo|ho òro ec Rjrj jgge`ü cj |efcjlo|j{eohf`fcco yinfdj eh zvfypeohf j vhj ioddeyyeohf deypj( Q‧T( Ioh zvfypj `fieyeohf rjrj Meowjhhecelf|ü ec Iohieceo jrrfhj ehe{ejpo `jccj `vrceif eropfij inf mce o|jpo|e `fccj yivocj |odjhj jwfwjho

if|ijpo è edro||f jccj io||fhpf djmmeo|epj|ej; jlocã ec èwefpo è |fyrehmf|f mce yinfde r|frj|jpo|e

Q‧T# f ehocp|f pocyf c―eropfij `fc dohoroceo òpp|ehjcf inf ec ij|`( Oppjwejhe hoh jwfwj dje ifyyjpoè |ficjdj|f rf| cj r|or|ej ioddeyyeohf r|frj|jpo|ej± .M( Jclf|emo# Kfjh ^ÊEE fp Wjpeijh EE# eh

–Kfjh ^ÊEE `fwjhp c―neypoe|f—# Rj|eme# :5>5# r( :59$:56%(

●Ehocp|f ypo|eio î co yiohp|o .> howfdl|f :579% inf fllf ec ij|`( G|ehmy ioh Oppjwejhe yvccjioccfmejcepâ# inf eh`v||â ¡Rjoco WE j inef`f|f j Kfèh# \jp{ehmf| f j` Ohiceh jcivhe rj|f|e yvccj

|ego|dj `fccj Iv|ej± .N( Kfèh# Ypo|ej `fccj dej wepj# L|fyiej# :5>=# rr( 9:0$9:61 K( \jp{ehmf|# @jy

Aoh{ec jvg `fd ]fm( \óialceia jvg èf {}fepf Yep{vhmrf|eo`f# A÷ch# :579$77# p|( ep(# :576$7=# 0 wocc(#

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Jhèjdo jc `vhzvf( Hoyp|j Yemho|j ehpf|wefhf hfccj Ypo|ej yoco rf| |eio|`j|f( Fccj hoh ehwfhpj fhoh rvü ehwfhpj|f hvccj inf ec Iefco hoh jllej meâ \ewfcjpo rvllceijdfhpf ioh Mfyõ( J Gjpedj ehgohò ie wefhf |eio|`jpo zvjhpo yfmvf# oyyej cf Rj|ocf è Mfyõ# inf ehpf||omjpo yvccj Gehf `fe Pfdre

|eyroh`f;

Dp$<0;:6 –Zvjhò `vhzvf wf`|fpf c―jlodehj{eohf `fccj `fyocj{eohf# `fccj zvjcf nj rj|cjpo ec

r|ogfpj @jhefcf# roypj eh cvomo yjhpo .ine cfmmf gjiiej jppfh{eohf*%# ‧—

Yjh Dj|io î jhio|j reõ fyrceiepo è Yjh Djppfo f ie celf|j `j omhe fzvewoio( Wfèjdo iodf(Ehhjh{epvppo# ocp|f j |erfpf|f hfccj rj|fhpfye .yã èio hfccj rj|fhpfye# inf hoh î vhj jmmevhpj `fc|f`jppo|f yviifyyewo `fc Wjhmfco dj `fmce Fwjhmfceype ypfyye% ieü inf meâ Yjh Djppfo we jwfwjehicvyo j` jddohedfhpo –ijpfmo|eio—# j ioco|o inf –cfmmoho# rf| Gf`f hfc Wjhmfco f yfiohò ecco|o Ivo|f Gf|wfhpf— inf ieü hoh î |ewocpo j ioco|oinf; –yvrrohmoho# yfiohò e r|or|e `fye`f|e f cjr|or|ej eddjmehj{eohf1 rfhyjho# yfiohò vh mevè{eo ehiodrcfpo# wjivo f` f||jpo `fccf Rj|ocf

Wjhmfco1 i|fòho# yfiohò cf iohyvfpvèhe `fc dohò o cf ehèij{eohf `fe gjcye i|eype# gjcye r|ogfpe fgjcye rjre—( Rf|ieü# zvjye iodf vh rejhpo yre|epvjcf inf yfdl|j ydo|{j|mce cj woif# we jmmevhmf;‧ROYPJ CJ― @OWF HOH @FWF YPJ\F( Zvjcf î ehgjppe ec roypo reõ r|opfppo `fccj Gf`f yf hohcj Yjhpj Inefyj Ijppoceij f` ec Rjrjpo# yvo Ajpfinoh? Rvü cã fyyf|we r|ogjhj{eohf# p|jèdfhpo?If|po inf ho# j dfho inf ‧iodf jddoheyif Rjoco EW*** hoh ie j||ewe vh GJCYO RJRJ( Fiio `vhzvf Yjh Dj|io ioyj ie |ero|pj `fccf rj|ocf è Mfyõ;

Di$:9;:0 –Zvjhò roe wf`|fpf c―jlodehj{eohf `fccj `fyocj{eohf roypj câ òwf hoh `fwf ypj|f

.ine cfmmf gjiiej jppfh{eohf*%# jcco|j zvfcce inf yj|jhho hfccj Mev`fj# gvmmjho je dohpe—(

Cfmmfpf ec Wjhmfco# i―î yi|eppo pvppo( Hoh yoho roinf |emnf zvfccf `fèijpf jcc―jroypjyãj( Mfyõ yemvj|`j lfhf è gj|f ec hodf `fc Rjrj .gemv|j p|j c―jcp|o ehp|oòppj hfc Dohò# dj inf hfe Iefce yemevypegeij yoco iodf Wfyiowo wfypepo è lejhio# ec reõ ijhèò g|j pvppe e èyifh`fhpe `fmce Jroypoce(Ijre|fpf lfhf pvppe inf yf e Wjhmfce jwfyyf|o fyo|èpo èifhò inf ec Ijro `fmce Jroypoce f` e yvoeèyifh`fhpe ropfyyf|o fyyf|f |fieèwe geho jccj Gehf `fe Pfdre# omhe Rjrj yj|fllf ypjpo r|fyo`―jyyjcpo# iodf njhho yfdr|f gjppo e R|opfypjhpe f` e hfdeie `fccj Inefyj( @vhzvf Mfyõ |edjh`jpvppo jmce –fcfppe— j ioco|o inf njhho –iodr|fhòheo—# vhj Gf`f eh jppo# ijrjif è èyp|eij|ye g|j cfhfllef `fccj iohgvyeohf# `fc `vl leo# `fccf rf|rcfyyepâ inf hfcc―jdlepo `fccj |jmeohf njhhomevypegeij{eohf dj `fccj Gf`f ho# mejddje( @fc |fypo Mfyõ jhinf jmce Jroypoce ye |ewocmf èifhòinf jw|fllf jwvpo docpf ioyf jhio|j `j |jiiohpj|f co|o# dj inf hoh jw|fllf|o ijrepo f zvehè|edjh`jwj je roypf|e# rf| vhj froij eh ive pvppo yj|fllf ypjpo ioyã fwe`fhpf `j hoh cjyiej|f reõ jcivh

`vlleo(Rf| ive |eio|`jhòie Djppfo <0;<0 eh ive jhinf mce –fcfppe—# yf royyelecf# yj|jhho ehmjhhjpe#gjiiejdoie go|{j f io|jmmeo# inf cj Wf|epâ î meâ pvppj zvj* Hoh yf|wf inf jcp|o ie wfhmj |ewfcjpo( F yfHoyp|j Yemho|j ie jwweyj# î rf|inî hfccj Inefyj# ine î r|froypo j ieü# j |eio|`j|ie è ypj|f R\OHPE#è fyyf|f @FMHE# eh rj|pf nj hoh yoco rf|yo cj gejddj `fccj Gf`f# dj ye î meâ iodr|odfyyo ioh ecdohò jc rvhpo è p|jè|hf cj deyyeohf(

Zvehè ine nj Gf`f rf| ehpfh`f|f# |eifwj co Yre|epo Yjhpo f ye orf|e rf| èggoh`f|f cj Wf|epâ è Gf`f fhoh cf yvf `vllef oreheohe iohp|o ine# iodf J|jã @jhefcf f Jhpoheo Io|ohepe ye orf|jho rf| pfhf|fjiifyo ec cvdf `fccj Gf`f# eh zvfypj froij ioyã lvej è mve`f iefinf( Go|yf hoh wewejdo eh vhj

froij è Yjhpe f è Ij|epâ Wf|j# dj è yeiv|o ec Iefco ie nj jyyeiv|jpo j Gjpedj pvppe mce yp|vdfhpe rf||fivrf|j|f ec rf|io|yo è \f`fh{eohf f yiohgemmf|f cj DFH[OMHJ f c―EHMJHHO( R|fhò jppoinf cj dej wepj î ijdlejpj jhinf m|j{ef j co|o( Iohyemceo je i|epeie è cfmmf|f ec Wjhmfco f cjyiej|



rf|`f|f co yiohp|o e`focomeio f wf|jdfhpf |j{eohjcf( F― yoco zvfypeohf è Gf`f( If co inefòhoMfyõ J`wfhefhpf f Dj|ej Io|\f`fhp|eif(

Jn# vhj hopj; zvjcivho jw|â jwvpo rf| cf djhe cj Hvowj Lellej `fccj IFE fèpo rf| e yfmvjie `fcIohieceo Wjpeijho EE( Cã î ypjpj jrro|pjpj vhj io||f{eohf# rf|inå dje ye rfhye è yoyrfppj|f djcf;

Dj|io :9;:0 –Zvjhò roe jw|fpf wf`vpj c―jlodehj{eohf `fccj `fyocj{eohf royp j câ òwf hoh yeiohwefhf .ine cfmmf rohmjwe dfhpf%#‧—(

Ljype cj iorf|pehj rf| iodr|fh`f|f zvjhpj djcj gf`f ie yej f iodf yej ijdlejpo co Yre|epo(

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Yf`fwjijhpeydo Jroijceppeio f Inefyj dvpj( Yejdo go|yf meâ hfccj Pf|{j F|j# zvfccj `fcco Yre|epoYjhpo# r|oyrfppjpj `jc Lfjpo Meojiineho `j Geo|f? O yejdo eh jppfyj è vh Rjrj Ivd `fmhepjpf inf

iohyji|e cj \vyyej jc Ivo|f Eddjiocjpo è Hoyp|j Yemho|j è Gjpedj? @oh Iv|{eo Hepomcej nj vhjyvj oreheohf# inf ye èypjh{ej go|pfdfhpf rf| cj yvj pfye `fccf `vf @opp|ehf eh vhj Vheij Inefyj;

Ec deypf|o `fccj –Rjyyeohf `fccj Inefyj—

– De yfdl|j inf cj yepvj{eohf oèf|hj yej jhjcomj jccj Rjyyeohf è I|eypo# eh ive ¡Cj èwehepâ yehjyioh`f f cjyiej yogg|e|f cj yjhpeyyedj vdjhepâ è Mfyõ± .Y( Emhj{eo# Fyf|ie{e Yre|epvjce# h²:57%(Meâ y( Poddjyo `―Jzveho .Jò|o Pf `fwopf% jwfwj yi|eppo ¡Eh i|vif cjpfljp .‧% `fepjy±# yvccjI|oif cj èwehepâ è I|eypo f|j hjyioypj# ficeyyjpj# hoh ye wf`fwj( Jh{e Fmce cjyiejwj yogg|e|fi|v`fceyyedjdfhpf cj yvj vdjhepâ# pjhpo `j fyyf|f –reõ yedecf j` vh wf|df inf j` vh vodo—.Eyjej%(

Rj`|f Cvey `f cj Rjcdj# yi|ewf; ¡Yvrf|j omhe hoyp|j iodr|fhyeohf ec gjppo inf ec Gemceo yej ypjpojlljhòhjpo± .Cj Rjyyeohf `fc Yemho|f# Decjho# J|fy# :557# r( :5<%

Hfccj Yoddj Pfocomeij c―Jzvehjpf yrefmj inf –cj @ewehepâ de|jiocoyjdfhpf rf|deyf jcc―vdjhepâè I|eypo è r|owj|f jhmoyiej rf| c―jlljhòho .jrrj|fhpf% `j rj|pf è @eo# rv| fyyfhò fyyj vhepjeroypjpeijdfhpf jccj Rf|yohj èwehj `fc Wf|lo f mo`fhò cj weyeohf lfjpegeij( Ieü gv rf|dfyyo

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Ioyã omme hfccj Rjyyeohf `fccj Inefyj ye hjyioh`f ec yvo fcfdfhpo èweho f` jrrj|f yoco zvfccovdjho hfccj djhef|j reõ l|vppj o –wf|dego|df—( Zvfypo î vh deypf|o inf `f|ewj `j zvfcco`fcc―Vheohf Eroypjpeij f `jc `vrceif fcfdfhpo .èweho f vdjho% `fccj Inefyj .inf î I|eypo

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C―o|j `fccj –Yehjmomj è yjpjhj— .Jroi(# EE# 5% f `fc ropf|f ehgf|hjcf î zvjcioyj è r|fpf|hjpv|jcf#inf zvjye ye poiij ioh djho omme# iodf `v|jhpf cj Rjyyeohf è Mfyõ( –Wf||â cj co|o o|j# jh{e î meâwfhvpj# eh ive we èyrf|`f|fpf iejyivho rf| iohpo r|or|eo f de cjyif|fpf yoco—( Ec Yjljpo Yjhpo yoco

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Mfyõ yj|fllf |eyo|po .‧%( Yej mce Jroypoce inf e èyifroce hoh i|f`fwjho Qrefhjdfhpf# r|fieyjho epfocome# h`jT jccj \eyv||f{eohf .‧%( Dj|ej |eio|`ü inf# c―ehòdjhe yj|fllf |eyo|po( Dj fyye hoh|evyiewjho j i|f`f|ie Qrf|gfppjdfhpfT .‧%( Dj|ej f|j c―vheij cvif jiifyj yvccj pf||j .‧%( Ec |egvmeo`fe rfiijpo|e inf hoh |evyiewjho j i|f`f|f Qrf|gfppjdfhpfT± .C( @f Cj Rjcdj# Cj Rjyyeohf‧# rr(<09$<07%(

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Rf| ive# òwf ypj cj Inefyj |fjcf f hoh zvfccj –we|pvjcf— # yf pvppe mce jppe è \odj yoho hvcce # yf cfo|èhj{eohe yjif|òpjce f cf iohyji|j{eohe freyiorjce yoho ehwjce`f# yf e yji|jdfhpe# iodr|fyjc―fvij|fypej f ec Yji|egeieo `fccj Dfyyj# yoho ifyyjpe? Cj i|eye nj jhheinecjpo popjcdfhpf yej ec

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Fiicfyej%1 fyyfhò èwfhpjpj \odj .jcdfho yeh `jc <220# ioh c―fcf{eohf è Lfhf`fppo ^WE% hoh reõvhj \fcemeohf# dj vhj yifhj pfjp|jcf è rjypo|e$jppo|e dvpe# yfdl|f|fllf fyyf|f hfccj pf|{j î|j èMeojiineho `j Geo|f# dj fyyj î ioh`jhhjpj `jccj gf`f ijppoceij( Ehocp|f ec –pnvieydo—# rf| ine

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gjppo deypf|eoyo .@eo ohheropfhpf f vodo celf|o/i|eye fiicfyejypeij; ehgjccelecepâ f` f||o|e% f cjyiej|fcelf|pâ è ehpf|r|fpj|co iodf ye |frvpj reõ iohgo|df jccj |fjcpâ f jccj \ewfcj{eohf# yeho j `fieyeohf`fccj Inefyj mf|j|ineij# yfh{j cjhiej|f jhjpfde iohp|o ine hoh yfmvf fyjppjdfhpf ec hoyp|o doòè ehif`f|f(

\ejyyvdfhò f pe|jhò cf yoddf(

Ye rvü jyyf|e|f p|jhzveccjdfhpf inf omme .<220$<22>% cj Pfye è Ijyyeiãjivd iodf c―nj iohifrepj r( Mvå|j|` `fy Cjv|ef|y hoh î reõ jyyocvpjdfhpf if|pj# roeinå goh`jhòye yvccj èypeh{eohf |fjcfp|j djpf|ej f go|dj hfc Rjrj# f rf| jddeyyeohf `fc r( Mvå|j|` ypfyyo# òro Meowjhhe Rjoco EE# hohfyyfhòie .zvjye% reõ wfyiowe iohyji|jpe yfiohò ec wfiineo Rohpegeijcf \odjho# ec gvpv|o –rjrj

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rj|cj hfrrv|f# dj |fiepj dvpjdfhpf cj rj|pf `fc Rjrj# iodf gj|fllf vh jppo|f o vh djheineho ehvhj |jrr|fyfhpj{eohf yfh{j èjcomne( Ieü fzvewjcf j è|f inf Lfhf`fppo ^WE# fyyfhò ypjpoiohyji|jpo wfyiowo ioh ec hvowo Rohpegeijcf f hoh fyyfhò hfrrv|f wjce`jdfhpf wfyiowo .yfiohò

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Il Mysterium Iniquitatis tra Eterogenesi dello Spirito e New Age- Dalla IG Farben all'Unione Europea...

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Transcript of Il Mysterium Iniquitatis tra Eterogenesi dello Spirito e New Age- Dalla IG Farben all'Unione Europea...