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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCHBHUBANESWAR

PRESENTED BY:-

Pradeep Kumar Bastia

Reg. No-0501212476

Electrical engg.

7 th semester

Geothermal power Station



Geothermal power (from the Greekroots geo, meaning earth, and therm ,meaning heat) is energy generated by heatstored beneath the Earth's surface, or the

collection of absorbed heat derived fromunderground in the atmosphere and oceans.

Geothermal" can generally refer toany heat contained in the ground.

WHAT I T IS?



T he centre of the Earth is around 6000 degreesCelsius - easily hot enough to melt rock. Even a fewkilometres down, the temperature can be over 250

degrees Celsius.In general, the temperature rises one degree Celsiusfor every 36 metres you go down.

In volcanic areas, molten rock can be very close to

the surface. Sometimes we can use that heat.Geothermal energy has been used for thousands of years in some countries for cooking and heating.

IN TRODUCT ION



HIS TORY OF DEVELOPMENT

P rince P iero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermalpower generator on 4 July 1904, at the Larderello dry steam field in Italy. It was a small generator that litfour light bulbs.

T he first Geothermal power plant in the UnitedStates was made in 1922by John D. Grant at T heGeysers Resort Hotel. After drilling for more steam, he was able to generate enough electricity to light the

entire resort.In 1960, P acific Gas and Electric began operation of the first successful geothermal power plant in theUnited States at T he Geysers.



HOW I T WORKS?

Hot rocks underground heat water toproduce steam. We drill holes down to the hot region,

steam comes up, is purified and used todrive turbines, which drive electricgenerators.

T here may be natural "groundwater"

in the hot rocks anyway, or we may needto drill more holes and pump waterdown to them.



H ow it works ?



DIAGRAM OF A GEOTHERMAL POWER STAT ION



A geothermal production well produces fluidheated by the natural heat of the earth.

Geothermal fluids may be steam or hot waterand in California have total dissolved solidconcentrations of up to 250,000 parts permillion (about seven times above sea water).

Very hot geothermal fluids may be used forelectrical power generation. Cooler geothermalfluids are used for projects such as spaceheating, aquaculture, snow melting, food

processing, dehydration, and hot tubs and spas.

WHAT I S A GEOTHERMAL PRODUCT ION WELL ?



T here are about 470 producing steam wells and 230 high-temperature, hot- water wells in 10 high-temperature

geothermal fields in California. In 2005,over 324 billion kilograms of water wasproduced from these wells. In addition,

there are several hundred low-temperature geothermal wells in thestate for which the Division has no

records.

GEOTHERMAL PRODUCT ION WELL CONT..



H igh-temperature, Water-dominated ReservoirsT he methods and equipment used to drill geothermal wells in high-temperature, water-dominated reservoirsare very similar to those used to drill oil and gas wells.

Steam-dominated Reservoirs

In a steam-dominated reservoir, a typical well is drilled with drilling mud to a point above the first anticipatedsteam entry. T hen high-pressure air is used.

Low-temperature Water-dominated Reservoirs As conditions in low-temperature, water-dominatedreservoirs usually are similar to those found whendrilling water wells, the same equipment can be usedand water can be substituted for drilling mud as thecirculating fluid.

HOW I S A GEOTHERMAL WELL DR ILLED?



I NJECT ION WELL

An injection well is drilled for the safe disposal of geothermal fluids, whose total dissolved solidconcentrations in the state can reach 250,000parts per million, about seven times higher thansea water.Some production wells are converted to injection

wells.T here are about 160 geothermal injection wells

located in about a dozen geothermal fields inCalifornia. In 2007, over 318 billion kilograms of water was injected into the wells.



GEOTHERMAL WELL



DIAGRAM OF A GEOTHERMAL

POWER STAT ION



30 MW Puna Combined CycleGeothermal Power Plant, H awaii 125 MW Upper Mahiao Combined

Geo Power Plant, Philippines

125 MW Upper Mahiao CombinedGeo Power Plant, Philippines

60 MW Power PlanMokaiCombined Geot, New Zealand

1992 1996

200 5

2000

Geothermal Power Plants Around the world



Geothermal energy does not produce any pollution,and does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.

T he power stations do not take up much room, sothere is not much impact on the environment.

No fuel is needed.

Once you've built a geothermal power station, theenergy is almost free.It may need a little energy to run a pump, but this canbe taken from the energy being generated.

ADVANTAGES



DI SADVANTAGEST here are not many places where you can build a

geothermal power station.Sometimes a geothermal site may "run out of

steam", perhaps for decades.Hazardous gases and minerals may come up

from underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of.

Hot rocks of a suitable type needed , at a depth

where we can drill down to them.T he type of rock above is also important ,it must beof a type that we can easily drill through.



CONCLUSION

Geo-thermal energy offers a numberof advantages over traditional fossil fuel

based sources, primarily that the heatsource requires no purchase of fuel.

T hus being a renewable source of energy Geo-thermal energy will play agreat role in the days to come.



REFERENCES

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power http://www.geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresen

tationwww. power -technology.com/projects/mokai/www1.eere.energy.gov/ g eothermal / powerpl

antswww.geo-energy.org/information/ plants .aspwww.yourown power .com/ Power /

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