Gelsomina Pappalardo

WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012

INTEGRATED LONG TERM OBSERVATIONS FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL

ON CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT

Gelsomina PappalardoConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Metodologie

per l’Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA)[email protected]


Outline

• Introduction

• Lidar aerosol observations

• Ground-based European Observing System

• Global Scale

• Summary and remarks


Aerosols are very difAerosols are very diffificult to handle in modelscult to handle in models

Aerosols are produced by many different processes, some sources are localized, others are distributed Aerosols are produced by many different processes, some sources are localized, others are distributed over large volumesover large volumes

Aerosols interact dynamically in a nonlinear way (nucleation, condensation, coagulation, deposition)Aerosols interact dynamically in a nonlinear way (nucleation, condensation, coagulation, deposition)

Aerosols can be transported over large distancesAerosols can be transported over large distances

Measurements are needed to assess and improve understanding of Measurements are needed to assess and improve understanding of aerosol processes and their treatment in modelsaerosol processes and their treatment in models

- in situ measurements- in situ measurements

- Ground based remote sensing measurements- Ground based remote sensing measurements

- Aircraft measurementsAircraft measurements

- Satellite measurementsSatellite measurements

Strong need for an integrated approach for characterizing aerosol climate Strong need for an integrated approach for characterizing aerosol climate impacts and environmental interactionsimpacts and environmental interactions


● since 2000

● 27 lidar stations

- 12 multiwavelength Raman lidar stations

backscatter (355, 532 and 1064 nm) + extinction (355 and 532 nm) + depol ratio (532 nm)

- 8 Raman lidar stations

- 7 single backscatter lidar stations

● comprehensive, quantitative, and statistically significant data base

● Continental and long-term scale

European Aerosol Research Lidar Network2012

www.earlinet.org


First tool for 4D aerosol measurements on continental scale

● Quality assurance program- Instruments- Data analysis

● Predefined measurement schedule (3 per week) → unbiased

● Coordinated network observations for special events (e.g., Saharan dust, forest fires, photochemical smog, diurnal cycle, volcanic eruptions)

● Standardized data format

● Access to data via centralized data base

EARLINET: European Aerosol Research Lidar Network


Since May 2000 we have observed more than 400 Saharan dust events

First statistical analysis for Saharan dust observations starting from the first 3 years of operation of the network Papayannis et al., JGR 2008

DREAM Forecast profile is provided for each EARLINET station

A systematic comparison between DREAM model and lidar observations is in progress

EARLINET is contributing to the WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System (SDS-WAS)

Pathways of Saharan Dust Transport over Europe

EARLINET activities: “Saharan dust”


Volcanic eruptions

Long-term observations of stratospheric aerosol at Garmisch-Partenkinrken

Trickl et al., ACPD 2012


Volcano eruptions in the North Pacific region 2008-2009

Sarichev plume over Potenza, Italy 27 June 2009

D’Amico et al., 2010


The Eyjafjallajökull eruption (April – May 2010)


ACTRIS aims at integrating European ground-based stations equipped with advanced atmospheric probing instrumentation for aerosols, clouds and short-lived gas-phase species.

ACTRIS will have the essential role to support building of new knowledge as well as policy issues on climate change, air quality and long-range transport of pollutants.

ACTRIS Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure Network

Type of funding scheme: Combination of Collaborative Projects and Coordination and Support Actions for Integrating Activities

Work programme topics addressed: FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1

Support to existing research infrastructures/ Integrating Activities

INFRA-2010-1-1.1.16: Research Infrastructures for Atmospheric Research

1 April 2011 – 31 March 2015


CREATE FP5 -

EUSAAR FP6

EARLINETFP5+6

CLOUDNETFP5

APRIORI

Harmonized measurements Harmonized measurements of physical, chemical and of physical, chemical and optical aerosol propertiesoptical aerosol properties

Advanced laser remote Advanced laser remote sensing for 4-D spatio-sensing for 4-D spatio-temporal distribution temporal distribution

of aerosolsof aerosolsObservation ofObservation ofvertical profiles vertical profiles of important cloud of important cloud

parametersparameters

Measurement of Measurement of atmospheric precursor atmospheric precursor compoundscompounds

Air Quality & Health

Air Quality & Health

WeatherWeather

Climate Climate

Long-range transportLong-range transport

MERGING EXISTING NETWORKSMERGING EXISTING NETWORKS


Sustainable network of coordinated long-term atmospheric observations in Europe

High-quality data relevant to climate and air quality research on the regional scale

Centralised data centre

Access to world-class research infrastructures and advanced instrumentation

Training of researchers and young scientists

New technologies and integration tools for ground-based observations of relevant atmospheric parameters

Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure NetworkAerosols, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure Network

ObjectivesObjectives


Ground-based component of global Earth Observation System

Provision of advanced data products and services

Response to user needs (AEROCOM, GMES, ECMWF, research, policy-driven networks, natural hazards)

Support policy issues on climate change, air quality, and health

ACTRIS OBSERVATION NETWORK ACTRIS OBSERVATION NETWORK


ACTRIS sites offering Trans National Access AMO Auchencorth Moss Penicuik, United Kingdom

CESAR Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research Lopik, The Netherlands

CIAO CNR-IMAA Atmospheric Observatory Potenza, Italy

FKL Finokalia Crete, Greece

HPB Hohenpeissenberg Meteorological Observatory

Hohenpeissenberg, Germany

JFJ High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch Switzerland

MAIDO Observatory of Atmospheric Physics of Reunion Island - Maïdo Station

Reunion Island, France (at 20°60'S, 55°30'E)

MHD Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station Carna, Ireland

PAL SIRTA Atmospheric Observatory Palaiseau, France

SMRStation for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations - SMEAR II

Hyytiälä, Finland

RADO Romanian Atmospheric research 3D Observatory Magurele, Romania

Opportunity for field campaigns, specific observations, trainingInfo how to apply at www.actris.net


ACTRIS is a network of networks / Federation of existing networks

Each network operates with a rigorous QA program for both instrument and data processing

Observation strategy

Standardization of data and metadata

Integration is the added value- at instrument level: exploiting the synergies among different sensors and providing integrated advanced products- at data base level: providing open access to a central data portal

HIGH QUALITY DATAHIGH QUALITY DATA


ACTRIS Data CentreACTRIS Data Centre

● Centralised advanced information of key variables relevant to climate and air quality research from representative environments and air mass types in Europe.

● Tools and applications for end users to facilitate the use of all measurements for broad user communities (AEROCOM, ECMWF, ...)

● Harmonization with measurements of atmospheric components from other highly relevant networks and programmes (e.g, GMES, MACC, EMEP).

● Access to the most comprehensive atmospheric data centre available worldwide including in-situ aerosol and gas phase measurements, remote column aerosol observations, vertical aerosol profile information and cloud observations.


GALION is organized as a Network of Networks, coordinating

- the American Lidar Network (ALINE), Latin America ()

- Asian Dust and Aerosol Lidar Observation Network (AD-Net), East Asia ()

- CIS-LINET, Commonwealth of Independent States (Belarus, Russia and Kyrgyz Republic) LIdar NETwork ()

- the Canadian Operational Research Aerosol Lidar Network (CORALNet), Canada ()

- the European Aerosol Research LIdar NETwork (EARLINET), Europe ()

- Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), Global Stratosphere ()

- CREST, Eastern North America ()

- the MicroPulse Lidar NETwork (MPLNET), Global ()

GALION – the GAW Aerosol Lidar Observation Network

Climate research and assessment

Global climatology

Model evaluation

Aerosol transport and tracers

Impact on radiation

Air quality

Air quality assessment

Air quality forecast

Plumes from special events

Support for spaceborne observations

Ground truth

Complementary information


Nabro volcanic eruption, Africa June 2011

Sawamura et al., ERL 2012


Observations:All Sources

Global Products

Integrated Global Aerosol Observing System

Data Archival and/or AccessFacilities

( e.g. WDCA; WDC-RSAT)

Data Assimilation By Forecast Models

(e.g. MACC; SDS-WAS etc.)

RI forCalibration

& Quality Assurance

1. Data Uses/Applications2. Air Quality Warnings3. WMO SDS-WAS Assessments 4. WMO SDS-WAS Warnings5. Aerosol Bulletins6. Surface and air transport7. Improved Weather Forecasts8. Improved Climate Prediction

Aircraft: IAGOS

Surface-based : Remote sensing: AODRemote Sensing: GALIONIn situ: PM, optical, etcIn situ: chemistry

Satellites:MODIS, CALIPSO, MISRMSG etc

Real-Time Data Delivery

Observation Optimization

Air/Surface Exchange & Emissions

Reanalysis

C. Lund Myre, U. Baltensperger et al., in preparation


Summary and remarks Strong need for integrated long term atmospheric observations

The key role of lidar techniques

The European experience: ACTRIS: Integrated observations and advanced products; Cooperation and coordination with the relevant observation and user communities

At global scale GALION WMO-GAW, WMO-GCOS, GEOSS

Federated approach in order to spread “best practice” for each particular instrument/parameter

Global research infrastructure for long-term sustained consistent observations of aerosols properties on a global scale implemented through a consortium of existing aerosol networks complementing satellite and environmental agencies

This observing system should foster aerosol-related process studies, validation of satellite sensors, model development and evaluation, assimilation of aerosol data into operational models, and build a comprehensive aerosol climatology on a global scale

This needs a coalition of research and an operational/regulatory observational system


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

EARLINET, EUSAAR, CloudNet

European Commission contracts RICA-025991 (EARLINET-ASOS) and 262254 (ACTRIS)

WMO - GAW

European Space Agency

German Weather Service for the air mass back-trajectory analysis

NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT backtrajectory analysis

NASA for MODIS, AERONET and CALIPSO

Maltese Euromediterranean Center (ICoD) and Barcelona Supercomputing Center for Dust Regional Atmospheric Model (DREAM)

Gelsomina Pappalardo

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