o o 'p o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ó o p o p O O O O O O O O O P o P p o o c c c c c o

R a m ó n Tamames Santiago Carri l lo

I

a-

Tamames niega ser el sucesor de Carrillo

JUAN CRUZ, L o n d r e s

El profesor Ramón Tamames dijo

ayer en una entrevista publicada

por The Times que el Gobierno es-

pañol está empeñado en una tarea

imposible: «Dividir y racionar la

democracia, excluyendo a algunos

partidos políticos y a ciertos grupos

sindicalesw.'Con respecto, a la;ex-1 clusión de íós comunistas, Tariiá-

mes afirma que el Gobierno quiere

ignorar lo que no se puede pasar

por alto. Nada va a pasar, recalca,

si se legaliza el Partido Comunista:

«Esa vana obsesión nos hace per-

der tiempo y lo pone todo más

difícil». Tamames dice también

que Coordinación Democrática,

grupo al que pertenece, está en

contra de las r e f o r m a s «porque 1 con'sidéram os' q üé u ná nueva

constitución política española

debía resultar del trabajo de las

fuerzas políticas de la izquierda, la

derecha y el centro». Los reformis-

tas oficiales —viene a decir el eco-

nomista español— lo han organi-

zado todo sin participación alguna

de la oposición. Finalmente, Taííí

mames niega rotundamente que e¿'

sea quien vaya á suceder a Santiago

Carrillo en el lidefazgo del Partido

'Coménistáj posib/lidád,sobre l a ' 1

que sé'Ha especulado varias vécés.

en la prensa británica.

Spanish Opposition rejects reform plans i.

Ü

>m Our

rid,

Correspondent 2 air I i ic l , June

Democratic Coordination, the alliance of most of Spam's Opposition forces, has rejected the Government's reforms and the referendum planned for October.

The organization said that the referendum on the constitu-tional reforms would not allow the people to choose between the Government's proposals and those put forward by the Opposition ; the Government's jwor'e " directed at indefinitely

sequestering the free expres-sion of the popular will ".

The statement issued by Democratic Coordination, the alliance formed in March of Socialist, Communist . and Christian Democrat forces, came as no surprise because the Opposition has rejected the Government ever since it was formed last December after the death of General Franco.

It also denounced the Govern-ment for its- " hardening re-pression " with arrests and torture, and accused some

ministers of being directly involved. The Government could not talk of democracy when it showed an arbitrary attitude to certain sectors of the Opposition.

At Madrid's political court tomorrow, the prosecution is to ask for an 18-year jail sentence for Senor Simon Sanchez Montero, who has been in Carabanchel prison since Match awaiting trial on charges of illegal association as a member of the Spanish Communist Party's central committee.

Pact with Opposition ] proposed in Spain

F r o m Our Correspondent

M a d r i d , J u n e 3 A n o t h e r Spanish minis ter , the

second w i t h i n a month , has pro-posed a pact' between the Gov-ernment and the Oppos i t ion over reforms. Senor M a n u e l F r aga I r ibarne , the reformis t In te r io r M i n i s t e r and former Ambassador in L o n d o n , said last n ight that " the Government and the Oppos i t ion must accept h is tor ic compromises and pacts over fundamental matters " .

Senor Jose M a r i a de A r e i l z a , the l ibera] F o r e i g n M i n i s t e r , last month suggested a " sensational pact " between the left, r ight and centre. Th i s o l ive branch was greeted wi th guarded enthusiasm at the t ime by va ry ing Oppos i t ion members .

Speak ing at the R o y a l A c e d e m y of Ju r i spudence and

1 Leg i s l a t i on , Senor F r aga said 4 the most impor tan t po l i t i c a l 3 p r o b l e m facir.g Spa in at the I moment " consisted in reaching | an ample consensus so that j| Spaniards of d is t inc t ive

interests, ideas and tendencies can l ive together peace-ful ly . . . . " .

T h e In ter ior M i n i s t e r , who has been hav ing discreet meet-ings recent ly wi th some of the

,i Oppos i t ion , i n c l u d i n g Social is ts , - j sa id the expression of d i f f e r ing

Gene ra l F r a n c o and, i n spite of the extreme ideo log ica l posit ions, one of these is of p r i m o r d i a l impor tance : "that the Span ish people is far ' f rom being used again as- cannottj||f ,, -:

fodder for - • - r e v o l u t i o n a r y M

adventurers . " H H ' i ' y i ' 5 ' i ; " I can say that S p a n i s h ^ " '

society is on a peaceful r o a d k ^ & j -to democracy, , a l though t h e t e l •.. » are many other obstacles b e f o r e L * ' ' " j the t rans i t ion i s - ach i eved . " PR^§ •

One of the obstacles undeni-pj I ably was the unwi l l ingness S » n d p i i ' % $ •/ at times hos t i l i ty of the Opposi-f. " i t i o n to col laborate w i t h the|XS;4^a if Government unless cer ta in basic demands were met. On ly y e s t e r ? B " 1 j-day, Democra t i c C o o r d i n a t i o n , P J ^ ? ^ 4 i

the a l l iance of Social is ts , Com-P'*; «<-"* j munists and C h r i s t i a n Qemo-iJ^'^^i l\. cra'tic forces, re jected the G o v - | i " > ^ "~ ernment 's reforms and the refer-F J * endum as being inadequate.- }m&

R e f e r r i n g to the statement b y | S K i n g Juan Car los , in his speech t o - t h e U n i t e d States C o n g i e s s | \ MM and Senate yesterday, that tfjere t'/J, • %1

w o u l d be p o l i t i c a l pa r t i c ipa t ion *̂ .„ . ft ] " without any k i n d of d i s c r im in - F £ i' | at- ion", Opposi t ion members mm asked i f this was to be so, then I * , * . , ! w h y were there s t i l l p o l i t i c a l t r ia ls . 'V

rr

j v iewpoints , rad ica l or not, must '}be accepted. M T h e s i tua t ion where people C h a d to leave the country and go Ointo exi le should not exist, nor j should the s i tua t ion where .po l i t i ca l v iewpoints cou ld not

iijbe expressed wi thout " wish ing jto exterminate the a d v e r s a r y " .

-JThis was probab ly a reference ,to the c i v i l war years. } " W e have learnt many things )>ix months after the death of

Las Palmas, June 3 .—Gunmen who k i d n a p p e d a l ead ing Indus- I t r i a l i s t in Las Palmas have li threatened to k i l l h i m unless a | $900,000 (about £529,000) ran- | som is p a i d , the p o l i c e ' s a i d # today.

In a note they left behind , 1 the k idnappers said they seized | Se i io r Eu femiano Fuentes , a g e d l : 65, yesterday because h e h a d I refused to give money to Move -K ments seek ing the independence | of the C a n a r y Islands f rom f Spa in . T h e note was not s igned I by any independence movement § however .—Reuter .

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Repressive actions § v continuepin Spain £ F r o m O u r Correspondent M a d r i d , J u n e 4

; The impr i sonmen t of a . l i b e r a l m e m b e r of the oppo-

s i t ion , the arrest of a com-mun i s t leader and the bann ing of a congress b y the W o r k e r s ' Commiss ions , the unde rg round t rade un ion movement , pro-v i d e d fur ther fuel today for those sectors of the opjjosi t ion accus ing the Government of go ing against K i n g Juan Carlos 's desire to establish a f u l l democracy.

S e ñ o r Rafae l Ca lvo Serer was " arres ted when he a r r i v ed at I

M a d r i d a i rpor t f r o m Par i s last :

; n igh t . H e spent the n igh t at ' i po l ice headquarters , admi t ted ly Í . i n far more comfor table c i r cun i - j ? stances l h a n usual , fo r he was ! i a l l awed to watch te levis ion and 9 was' not put i n a c e l l . T h i s t.

morn ing h é was taken be fo re ! : a po l i t i ca l cour t w h i c h o r d e r e d ! i b i s impr i sonment i n Cavaban- 1

i che l j a i l . , i H e has been i n exi le for f i v e 1

' y e a r s a n d . faces a s e v e n - y e a r ¡ sentence fo r an a r t i c le he wrote i n he Monde a t t ack ing 1

the Spanish Government . I t 1

was o rde red i n 1972 that h e 1

was to be arrested i f he re-tu rned to Spa in .

H i s lawyers were asked at a :

press conference today whether ' they would approach the K i n g 1

j to ask for his release. S e ñ o r i - Serer used to belong to t h e !

advisory body of Do n Juan , t he . § K i n g ' s father who was passed

over by Gene ra l F r a n c o w h e n ! 1 he appointed h i s son successor.; ;

The lawyer said they would j not do this but hoped that the; K i n g , when he re turned f rom!

' the U n i t e d States, w o u l d l i v e u p i : to his speech to Congress i n ! ¡ wh ich he p romised to be af"

democrat ic monarch . T h e M i n i s t r y of the In-:

t e r io r banned the W o r k e r s ' ! Commiss ions ' congress, to have, been he ld at the end of this ¡ month , on the ground that the: commissions, accord ing to the! Supreme Cour t , were an ins t ru- ,

j ment of the Communi s t Par ty . S e ñ o r M a r c e l i n o Camacho , 1 '

the best known leader of the commissions, to ld The Times! today that. the ban showed " t h e ! reg ime is not changing a n d ! continues, as i t a lways d i d , as j evident ly fascist " . H e said, the ban went against the K i n g ' s i speech. , I j

. S e ñ o r Santiago A l v a r e z , the communis t leader, was arrested j yesterday as he was leaving his j

(home in M a d r i d . H e is a mem-! ber of the Spanish C o m m u n i s t !

i Par ty ' s executive committee, ' a n d secretary of the party i n ' -I G a l i c i a . He re turned f r o n i -: exi le in France several months ago. H e has spent 12 years in . pr ison for po l i t i ca l offences!

-fWEST EUROPE.

Spain permits left-wing party congress for w first time in 36 years

D !

i F r o m Our Correspondent ¡í. 4 M a d r i d , June G ^

A c a l l for a l l Spain 's socia-1 l i s t groups to f o r m a uni ted • f ront was made today at the i f i rs t pub l i c congress he ld by a I lef t -wing po l i t i ca l par ty i n the [country for 36'years, j Senor R a u l M o r o d o , re-

5 elected secretary general of the 3 P o p u l a r Socia l i s t Par ty , to ld a ' g a the r ing of 1,500 people, in-

I e lud ing 500 delegates, that the existence of ' many groups " w o u l d on ly help the dictator-sh ip ".

H e proposed the format ion of a j o in t p la t fo rm of socialist

. groups to the shouts of " unity, ' u n i t y " and the ra i s ing of

c lenched fists. T h e par ty rece ived permis-

sion to h o l d the congress late on F r i d a y f rom the M i n i s t r y of

', the In ter ior under new regula-tions cover ing the r igh t of

; assembly. Delegates f rom 'al l over Spa in and representatives f rom 18 social ist and com-munis t part ies f rom abroad q u i c k l y took over the huge conference ha l l i n the Euro -bu i l d ing i n M a d r i d .

A te legram f rom Senor San-tiago C a r r i l l o , the ex i led secre-

: tary of the Spanish Communi s t j Pa r ty a r r i ved congra tu la t ing the social ists .

T h e emblem of the Popu la r ; Socia l i s t Par ty , a white dove

resembl ing a c lenched fist i against a r e d background, was d i sp layed around the h a l l , and pa r ty mil i tants took the oppor-

, t u n i t y to se l l propaganda and * T shir ts l ega l ly .

S e ñ o r M o r o d o , p roud ly proc-l a i m i n g that " we are one of the f i rs t po l i t i c a l part ies i n S p a i n " , urged the party to w o r k for a democrat ic break w i t h the regime.

H e ca l led for a government o f nat ional coa l i t ion leading to free elections open to a l l

, part ies and for a new dem-ocra t ic const i tu t ion. H e sa id

! social ists would accept the • M o n a r c h y i f the ins t i tu t ion

was put to a popular vote. Democra t i c coordinat ion , the

a l l iance of socialist , communis t

'• ;yv - 1 f

and Chr i s t i an Democra t forces, f t JÉ was " the al ternative power i n [jPgM|tSÉ the country " . H e hoped _ that J3r other democrat ic po l i t i ca l >J r ~ groups wou ld soon j o i n the | V ^ í í ' i f í a l l iance. B a p f c - -

S e ñ o r M o r o d o rejected the \ re fe rendum planned f o r i , October on const i tut ional r '* reforms, and said that i t wou ld not solve the country 's p o l i t - j ~ 'XÁ^r-i c a l problems. To shouts of j " S ¿ ' ¿ í " S $ " F r a g a no " ( S e ñ o r M a n u e l • • T , F raga , the In ter ior M i n i s t e r ) , — ^ -S e ñ o r M o r o d o sa id : " W e w i l l not be domesticated social is ts ." ' V V . . v

It was obvious he re l i shed £4 W the freedom given to h i m to F """'j speak openly , punc tua t ing his | ' }* speech wi th words l i k e fascist, r < cor rup t ion , capi ta l is t and class, words which w o u l d have got u ^ « * a S p f h i m in to serious t rouble i n the ! "** F ranco era, but wh ich are r ? v ; becoming very much a par t o f da i ly speech.

H e denounced the U n i t e d States presence i n Spa in , demanded the c los ing of the A m e r i c a n bases and the with-drawal of the A m e r i c a n fleet f rom Rota , the re tu rn of G ib ra l t a r to Spa in and the c los ing of the B r i t i s h nava l base.

R e f e r r i n g to the t ime when under Genera l F r anco " i t was a c r ime to speak of E u r o p e " E v because E u r o p e was demo- f v

crat ic , he said that the pa r ty EC was pro-Europe .

K i n g Juan Car los re tu rned to M a d r i d this m o r n i n g after [ his t r ip to the U n i t e d States. S

The author i t ies a l lowed a ¡-¿jí fes t ival fo r Fede r i co G a r c i a f / L o r c a , the Spanish poet, to be ! * h e l d on Saturday for the f i rs t f¿?. t ime i n 40 years.

I t was celebrated at F u e n t e ! . ; Vaqueros , i n the province o f Granada where L o r c a was born 78 years ago to the day.

L o r c a was assassinated shor t ly after the outbreak of the! C i v i l W a r i n 1936. Con t rove r sy ! sur rounded the circumstances!: ' ! of h is death; a l though i t is nowi"¿¡

accepted that he was shot wi th . I F r o m Our Correspondent the connivance i f not at the. j M a d r i d , June 8 orders , of the F ranco forces, ra „ . , , . F r anco forces. M. R igh t -wing members made a

m last-ditch stand today i n the ' / £ í l / í l Cortes when the re form of the

..•:<•??:} right of po l i t i c a l association \ ? & f & & r •"•••' v i was debated. If the r e fo rm is

; .. !

Last stand against Spanish reform 6

h i s to ry and that r e fo rm was unacceptable when the mot ive beh ind i t was to change the system.

The debate began i n the morn-ing under the Government ' s urgency procedure a l lowing

was peoateo i t tne r e i o r m is f 53 hours for the discussion, approved po l i t i ca l parties, other £ f i o r C a b a n i l l a s h a d b e e n

M i n i s t e r of In format ion u n t i l '. j than Communis t s and separat-" l i s t s , w i l l be a l lowed for the f i rs t ••'A t ime since the c i v i l war and the ; j o f f ic ia l Na t iona l Movemen t w i l l

; suffer a serious b low. The loudest applause

he was dismissed by Gene ra l Franco for a l lowing the press too much freedom of expres-sion. H e said : " W e must enter

•-— the future conf ident ly ." Pol i t i -v». g iven not to Senor P i o Caban- c a l c h a n g e was necessary. The I i l l a s , who presented the re form, Government wanted a freer, | but to Senor Ratmundo Fe rn - j u s t e r a n d m o r e democrat ic

j andez-Cuesta, of the far r ight , spajn. . who at tacked i t as unconstitu-

1 t ional and hera ld ing the end of . . j the regime created by Genera l 1 F r anco .

1 S e ñ o r F e r n á n d e z - C u e s t a is 79, i a member of the Cortes ap-

poin ted by Genera l F ranco , and j a former M i n i s t e r of the Move-| ment. H e argued that the a re form was i l l e g a l because i t ¡ w e n t against the fundamental ! l a w s which could be changed ",only through a re ferendum

Senor Fernandez de l a Vega , c i t ing words used by Genera l F ranco against po l i t i ca l parties, said that to a l low them w o u l d b r ing abtfut a confrontat ion be-tween classes and str ikes. " E i t h e r we defend the pro-gramme wh ich has g iven Spa in d igni ty and i n so doing say ' no ' to po l i t i c a l part ies or we restore the out-of-date inst i tu-tions of our his tory, pu t t ing Spain once more at the mercy

H e poured scorn on po l i t i ca l of secret societies, masonry and parties, saying that M a r x i s m foreign interests."

i wou ld come, and he asked why ' i t was necessary to change the ipresent system of organic demo-c racy . " W h y is representa t ion

- th rough parties more demo-c r a t i c than that through the exis t ing organic entities, suscep-t i b l e to democrat ic perfec-t i o n ? "

I Senor Fernandez-Cuesta 's speech was frequently interrup-ted by applause. H e said that the regime had g iven S p a i n the longest pe r iod of peace in its

Senor M a r t i n V i l l a , the M i n -ister of Sindicatos (the state-run t rade unions) , sa id on tele-vis ion last night that free trade unions* wou ld be created.

The M a d r i d Press Assoc ia t ion today condemned the Govern-ment's decis ion to classify _ as secret a l l cases under _ review concerning a l leged p o l i c e tor-ture and maltreatment . The Press Assoc ia t ion sa id that this worked against t u ~ principles of a democrat ic society.

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Opposition groups in Spain sceptical • over lifting of bah* F r o m Our Correspondent The main bone of content ion M a d r i d , June 7 for the Opposi t ion , some of i t

The most impor tan t po l i t i ca l ? a t £ e r e d , . together i n Democrat-r e f o r m i n Spain for at least 40 years goes before the Cortes (the Spanish Par l i ament ) to-m o r r o w . If approved, i t w i l l l i f t the ban o n po l i t i c a l part ies other than the of f ic ia l Na t iona l M o v e m e n t . • However ,

1 Communis t s w i l l s t i l l be out-4 l awed. j Th i s should be a t ime for 1 w i l d re jo ic ing among the | country 's legion of i l l ega l polit-•i i c a l groups (more than 200

one magazine).

ic Coord ina t ion , the a l l iance of Socia l is t , Commun i s t and Chr i s t i an Democra t ic forces, is that the Government w i l l decide which part ies can and cannot operate freely.

A par ty w i l l not be lega l i u n t i l the M i n i s t r y of the Inte-r i o r has g iven author izat ion. A t m i n i m u m of 25,000 members-w i l l be needed f rom different provinces . The min i s t ry can deny pe rmis s ion to any par ty which i t th inks does not com-p l y w i th the pena l code and can also suspend the act ivi t ies of a par ty after i t has been approved. To some extent this gives the Government an a rb i t ra ry power i n regula t ing

. . . . . . o ' —

ifi a cco rd ing to t£ B u t instead of open re jo ic ing rp2 there is a feel ing of resent-| S ment.

T h e Government has g iven the Cortes a m a x i m u m of 53

SB hours to debate the re form of the country 's p o l i t i c a l l i fe a the r igh t of po l i t i ca l associa- Organizers of a party can I

„ t ion and the re form of the appeal to a special court, to be ; H | pena l code. The two reforms established by the S u p r e m e 1

•t w i l l be debated together, for Cour t , against refusal of per-1 1 they are in t ima te ly l i n k e d . The miss ion. T h i s does not satisfy 1 r e f o r m of po l i t i ca l association the deep reservations of the [ j makes no sense unless ar t ic les Oppos i t ion , however. It points I ( i n the penal code speci fy ing out that the upholders of the ' p o l i t i c a l cr imes are removed legal system worked hand i n j at the same t ime. hand wi th the Government

The two B i l l s which M P s under Genera l F r anco wi thout [ ' w i l l debate are considerably a m u r m u r of c r i t i c i sm , •'.more democrat ic l o o k i n g than The p u b l i c order (po l i t i ca l ) !

H they looked l i k e being When courts w i l l d isappear and poli t-they were being drafted ea r l i e r ica l offences w i l l be t r i ed in this year. The most impor tant o rd ina ry courts. Sentences for [ improvement is that the ar t ic le po l i t i c a l offences w i l l be in the penal code wh ich reduced, wi thdrawn i n some declares " tota l i tar ian p a r t i e s " cases, which shou ld mean that i l l ega l has been removed . Th i s the thousands of people await-1 a r t i c le , among others, was used under General Franco to outlaw communists. One of the ironies of the reform is that this article is now being struck

jotrt-of the'penal code so that the ^National Movement and those 'groups integrated into it like the ' Falange can continue.

The article in the penal code ' declaring " subversive groups " I illegal will be used to keep I communists out of the political arena. Regional separatist groups like those which exist

i ng t r i a l for i l l ega l association i and spreading propaganda j should have thei r cases ' dropped.

Senor Car los A r i a s Navar ro , ! the P r i m e M i n i s t e r , has saidj that an amnesty w i l l be rhe ; c rowning point of the Govern-1 ment's p rogramme of reforms, | so that when the crimes no ¿1 longer exist t h é offenders may be released.

The Oppos i t ion has not yet \ • said whether it w i l l comply wi th the reform. Professor I

in the Basque country w i l l not E n r i q u e T ie rno Galvan , leader be a l lowed under an ar t ic le ou t l awing groups w h i c h are against the uni ty of the state.

It is a matter of semantics, but the re form of the r ight of

: po l i t i ca l association i n fact, I according to the text, does not j speak of po l i t i c a l part ies but

on ly po l i t i ca l associations. The same Franco is t t e rmino logy is be ing used, possibly not to

of the P o p u l a r Socia l i s t Par ty , j which over the weekend became the f i rs t lef t-wing ; po l i t i ca l par ty to h o l d a con-gress openly for 36 years, would not commi t himself .

H e said that discussions | were pend ing wi th Democra t ic | Coord ina t ion . Part ies , even those strongly opposed to | communism, have said that l

offend the already wounded they w i l l not accept legal i ty

g | i t i o n " .

rig.it for whom the word "party" is anathema. But no one doubts that the Opposition will read " party " for " associa-

for themselves unless it in-cludes the communists. They may well eat their words, how-ever, when they are actually given legality.

IWEST EUROPE

Historic Spanish vojte lifts Franco ban̂ f on political parties F r o m W i l l i a m Ch i s l e t t

- f J M a d r i d , June 9

condit ions were, but observers! c o u l d not fa i l to see. the i r o n i c ! pos i t ion i n which the M i n i s t e r

*** f -*<i ' - T h e Span ish Pa r l i amen t today was placed on having to e n d g g f l g " approved the h is tor ic reform o f the debate. H e is i n charge of!

' ' ' " t h e r igh t of p o l i t i c a l association, the country's on ly P O » ^ a l ^ •i . B , . „i.v.-„.i organizat ion which w i l l now 8

i | b i t i n g the ban o n p o l i t i c a l l oJe i t s p r iv i l eged posi t ion. 1 parties o ther than the off ic ia l A m o n g those M P s who voted |

^ N a t i o n a l Movemen t . Communis ts against the re form were S e ñ o r : l a n d separatist part ies r ema in Jose A n t o n i o G i r o n , the l e a d e r | ' I ; , , „ „ . , v n w p v R r of Genera l F ranco ' s C i v i l W a r p

Ú ff&l jyf:^ w m r a m ( . veterans, and S e ñ o r Blas P ina r , | '4,r A p p r o v a l of the r e fo rm came ] e a d e r o f F u e r z a Nueva , . an ex-1 g i n the ea r ly afternoon, after t r e m e r i gh t -wing ' organizat ion; • | jus t sunder 12 hours ' debating. Bo th are M P s by direct a p p o i n t - p ^

T h e r e fo rm was approved by ment o f the late dictator. T h e | 338 votes w i th 91 against and - ^ w h o voted against the

: £ 2 4 abstentions. d i rec t appointment or represen-• Hard- l ine supporters of the tatives o fthe state-run tradey?^'

' Sua te dictator cont inued to pro- unions. " i t e s t today, as they d i d yester- Several M P s , i nc lud ing S e n o r s g ^ . '4dav at the r e fo rm Thev insis- G i r o n a n d P , n a r ' wa lked out of rag* :day, at the t e l o r m . i n e y ansis t h e C o r t e s ] a s ( . ^ h t w h e n m W R

;; t ed that i t was unconst i tu t ional . M p i n s i n u a t e d that the Cortes •^»..SE-NOR . -ZXT . e , \ . 1 no longer represented the coun- f f e - :

I •:; M i n i s t e r of the Na t iona l Move- xry's interests, ¡i ment, i n the f i na l speech before S e ñ o r R a m i r o Cercos s a i d l l f ; ^ - ; ¡ t l ie vote was taken, sa id that t h a t t h e existence of pol i t ical- .p-

I t h e re form was " a n impor tan t p a r t j e s w a s thfe d i s t ingu ish ing I i step towards democracy ' . teature between socie t ies-which f;

H e sa id the Government was w e r e democrat ic and those winch were not. Sv

T h e re form of the penal c o d e £ r _ v J . ;

w i l l now be debated. T h i s i s t l i n k e d wi th the re form w h i c h !

conscious of its respons ib i l i ty 1 to create the necessary med ian -• isms for a democracy of which i po l i t i c a l part ies were a funda-

mental part . S e ñ o r Suarez sa id has just been passed. . that the word " p a r t y " was Opposi t ion leaders are suspi-g ...i emot ive for many Spaniards , cious. A spokesman for the g J and for some a bad memory, Democra t ic Lef t , the m a i n |

' p robably a l lud ing to the chaotic Chr i s t i an Democra t ic group, | j years before the C i v i l W a r sa id before the re form was?

.; when there were so many passed, but after l ea rn ing its f j parties. contents, that i t was l i m i t e d ^

" B u t the Spa in of today is because i t denied the right off-. \ different wi th i ts structures and association to communists andy

I economy," he said. " Our separatists | people, who to begin wi th on ly I asked for bread, now ask for qua l i ty commodit ies , and i n the

i same way that thev asked for I order , now the i r language I speaks of f reedom."

The M i n i s t e r , who made l i b e r a l use of the word " demo-c r a c y " i n his speech, sa id the Spanish people now had the necessary condit ions for a

• mul t i -par ty society. " A s a

H e said : " W e understand t h e K diff icul t ies of the regime to g o R any farther, but i t should not b e ' j an obstacle for a more just I f r e fo rm." i

O n l y the Communis t Pa r ty | has so far rejected the r e fo rm | total ly , as w o u l d be expected. | Part ies w i l l have to obtain 1 authorizat ion f rom the M i n i s t r y | of the In ter ior before they can t operate freely. No par ty has

i resul t , i t is now possible to yet commit ted i tself f i r m l y to (give them a wider oppor tuni ty request ing permiss ion—but the \ (for l iber ty and d e m o c r a c y " , he odds are that the next few [

: ;said. weeks w i l l see a rush to the j . H e d i d not specify what these M i n i s t r y . | '

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o o o o o o o o o o o o o ö o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o rïr-r-'"r-*~

o o Q O O c c c c ; : c c c c c

Spain in tangle over vote on partiesIrights^? F r o m O u r Cor respondent g , It is bel ieved that Senor L u i s c rea ted by Genera l F r a n c o . T h e showed a ha rden ing of a l t i t ud F r o m O u r C o r r e s p

M a d r i d , ' June 10

S p a i n found i tse l f today in ~*\ the pa radox ica l pos i t ion of hav-'.; i ng p o l i t i c a l par t ies for the f i r s t

' t ime since 1939'—but wi th a pena l code w h i c h s t i l l bans

; them. T h i s cont rad ic t ion c o u l d p lay in to the hands of left and

' - r igh t -wing ext remis ts , observers \ be l i eved .

j T h e Cortes seemed ready to i adopt the reform of the penal

code last n ight after approv ing the r e fo rm of the r igh t of po l i -t i ca l associat ion. But when the

% news of the k i l l i n g of the head of the N a t i o n a l M o v e m e n t i n

;! Basau r i , a suburb of B i lbao in \ the Basque r eg ion , was : announced , the m o o d of opti-• m i s m changed to one of opposi-f t ion to the Government ' s r e fo rm.

It is be l ieved that Senor L u i s C a r l o s A l b o L lampsas , who was also a fo rmer head o f the G u a r d of F r a n c o , was k i l l e d by mem-bers of the Basque separatist o rganiza t ion , E T A .

W h i c h e v e r group was respons-ib le fo r the k i l l i n g must have k n o w n that the Cortes was debat ing the reforms at that t ime . M P s became angry, par-t i c u l a r l y those of the hard- l ine

' r ight , w h i c h was a l ready offended by 'the approva l of the re fo rm of p o l i t i c a l associat ion, and they demanded that the pena l code re fo rm be refer red to the jus t ice commit tee for fur ther s tudy;

The en t renched r ight , o r " b u n k e r " as i t is p o p u l a r l y k n o w n , had ea r l i e r a t tacked the f i rs t r e f o r m as uncons t i tu t iona l and con t r a ry to the system

crea ted by Genera l F r a n c o . T h e r e f o r m of t h e pena l code w o u l d end the monopo ly of the Na t iona l M o v e m e n t as the count ry ' s on ly l ega l par ty , a n d w o u l d a l low v i r t u a l l y everyone to f o r m part ies except C o m -munis ts and separatists.

T h e s t a l l i n g of the app roved r e fo rm of po l i t i c a l associat ion, wh ich is ineffect ive u n t i l the penal code is re formed, poses a serious threat to the v i a b i l i t y of the Government ' s package of reforms designed to d ismant le the d ic ta torship . I t must also be a b low for K i n g J u a n Car los who, i n his recent t r ip to d ie U n i t e d States, to ld the Con-gress and Senate that he i n -tended to create a genuine democracy.

Span i sh newspapers today commen ted that the re jec t ion

showed a ha rden ing of at t i tude on the par t of the r ight .

T h e jus t i ce commit tee migh t m e r e l y delay the r e fo rm of the penal code to a l l ow a b rea th ing space w h i l e emotions c o o l o r , as some p o l i t i c a l commentators specula ted today, there m i g h t be an at tempt by the r igh t to modi fy the r e f o r m and so to l i m i t those oppos i t ion groups w h i c h cou ld fo rm a p o l i t i c a l pa r ty lega l ly .

T h e r e f o r m of po l i t i ca l asso-c ia t ion cou ld be pub l i shed , acco rd ing to i n fo rmed sources, i n the o f f i c i a l state bu l le t in by the end of the week and thus become law. B u t such a l aw w o u l d have no effect u n t i l the p e n a l code re form? are passed w i t h d r a w i n g those ar t ic les w h i c h i n fact ou t l aw p o l i t i c a l par t ies .

Spanish King's father lends 1 support to democracy JUH0e Move to replace Spanish Premier F r o m H a r r y Debe l iu s

M a d r i d , J u n e 14

K i n g J u a n Car los ' s father , D o n J u a n of B o t b o n , today ca l l ed o n Span ia rds to suppor t his son's efforts to b r i n g democracy to S p a i n . In an i n -t e rv iew he gave to the M a l a g a newspaper Sol de Espaha, he s a i d : " A t this t ime we shou ld he lp the k i n g of Spa in . D o n J u a n Car los w i l l be able to ca r ry out the democra t i c pro-cess w h i c h he has s tar ted.

" I a m t r y i n g to put m y shoulder to d i e whee l , , because I a m c o n v i n c e d that m y son is on the r igh t t rack and is do ing ve ry w e l l . "

In a terse reference to the at t i tude of Oppos i t i on pa r ty leaders who have been advocat-ing a " democra t ic break " w i t h the reg ime, as opposed to l i b e r a l r e f o r m f r o m w i t h i n , D o n J u a n said : " Regard less of what o ther may th ink , I do

i ; 1 J not l i k e the w o r d ' b r e a k ' at II l i i a l l " ji p H e repeated h i s w i l l i ngness ! i f i - t o abdica te h i s c l a i m to t h -

throne " a t such t ime as i t ' should be most convenient for

S p a i n a n d f o r the i n s t i t u t i o n [the m o n a r c h y ] . " T h i s w o u l d . l eg i t im ize his son's co rona t ion - , i n the eyes of s t r ic t monar-t ' ' chis ts . . p

" M y son a n d I are a g r e e d ^ about eve ry th ing h a v i n g to d o 1 ' w i t h m y abd ica t i on " , he sa id .

I n the Basque coun t ry a f i re - • bomb wrecked a bu tcher shop i n San Sebast ian yes te rday . ; R i g h t - w i n g extremists are sus- j pected as the owner , a B a s q u e . home-ru le sympath izer , h a d | r ece ived severa l threats i n the | past few days.

A l s o i n San Sebast ian, m o r e ; than 2,500 people a t tended an au thor ized demons t ra t ion at a [ Pe lo t a (handbal l ) cour t yester-day to show the i r suppor t f o r ; f reedom and autonomy. Dozens : of the I 1, green and wh i t e flags, w h i c h symbol ize Basque :

home-rule ambi t ions , f lu t t e red as the c rowd shouted fo r amnesty fo r p o l i t i c a l p r i soners : and sang pa t r io t i c songs.

Those a t tending s tood f o r one minu te i n s i lence to com-memorate Basque pa t r io t s w h o have d i e d , and to show t h e i r ! respect f o r Basque p o l i t i c a l !• p r i soners and exi les . _ i ,

1 « JL'M, l i ' n r n Our Correspondent "*' « j M a d r i d , June 15 ' ' V"

A great deal of manoeuvr ing is bel ieved to be going on i n Government c i rc les wi th . the a i m of r ep lac ing Senor Car los A r i a s as P r i m e M i n i s t e r , accord ing to newspaper reports today.

The independent dai ly El Pais, said on the front page that sectors w i th in the estab-l i shment were negot ia t ing wi th representatives of the " econo -mic b u n k e r " (conservative business interests) over the need to remove " the obstacles which are s tanding in the way of the Government ' s reforms " .

The programme of reforms reforms necessary to mak( was delayed last week when Spa in into a democrat ic society th<? r igh t in the Cortes suc-ceeded in sending a proposal for re form of the penal code back to committee for further study. The two reforms approved by the Cortes, those of the r ight of assembly and

is to some extent w o r k i n g against the interests of the I " economic bunker " w h i c h stands to gain a lot by Spain 's entry into the Eu ropean

: E c o n o m i c C o m m u n i t y . One < condi t ion of entry is that

po l i t i c a l associat ion, are jnef- Spain becomes democrat ic . fective un t i l the penal code re fo rm is approved.

Conservat ive business in-

The Roman Cathol ic organi-zation Opus Dei is believed to be anxious for qu icker change,

terests are believed to be impa- Opus Dei technocrats lost their t ient with the Government ' s l i m i t e d reforms, a l though they do not want the status quo to be changed much. The s low, process of b r ing ing in the

g r ip on power not long after A d m i r a l Car re ro B lanco , Gen-eral Franco ' s first p r ime minis-ter, . was assassinated i n December 1973.

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Snag in Spanish law on political parties F r o m Our Correspondent M a d r i d , June 16

T h e text of the law on the re fo rm of po l i t i c a l association was publ i shed in the off ic ia l Bulletin today and w i l l theoreti-ca l ly become law wi th in 20 days, a l lowing most Spanish po l i t i c a l part ies to operate freely for the first t ime since 1939 ; but there is a catch.

T h e reform is ineffective u n t i l the penal code is changed, re-moving a l l those art icles w h i c h ban po l i t i ca l organizations other than the Na t iona l Movement . Off ic ia ls i n Government c i rc les are confident that the penal code reform w i l l be approved by the Cortes (Par l i ament ) w i th in 20 days. T h e Cortes de-layed the re form a week ago, send ing it back to commit tee for fur ther study. -„

The text of the law of po l i t i -ca l association is very m u c h as expected. A l l those p o l i t i c a l organizations which respect the sovereignty and uni ty of the state w i l l be a l l owed—which means that communists and separatists, as predic ted , w i l l s t i l l be banned.

Those po l i t i c a l organizations w h i c h want to fo rm parties —more than 200, accord ing to one magazine r e p o r t — w i l l have to request permiss ion f rom the M i n i s t r y of the In ter ior . The M i n i s t r y has a m a x i m u m of two months to decide whether to grant permiss ion or not.

The Government has the r ight also to suspend the acti-vities of an authorized party for up to three years i f the par ty receives money f rom abroad or commits a breach of

the penal code. If s t r ic t ly appl ied , this p rov i s ion would e l iminate many of the l ead ing part ies.

P o l i t i c a l associations (not part ies) authorized w i t h i n the f r amekork o f ' the Nat iona l M o v e m e n t under the law of December , 1975, w i l l not have to request permiss ion again. These Franco is t associations are i n the process of fo rming a un i ted electoral front.

T h e ma in po l i t i c a l parties are u n l i k e l y to request permiss ion u n t i l the penal code is re-formed. The two most inf luen-t ia l C h r i s t i a n Democra t ic par-ties, the P o p u l a r Demic ra t i c Fede ra t ion and the Democra t ic Lef t , have already decided to do no th ing u n t i l the re form.

S e ñ o r A d o l f o M a r t í n Gamero, the In format ion M i n i s t e r , savy

S e ñ o r A r i a s , the Pr ime M i n -ister, yesterday after threaten-i n g to res ign last week i f a magazine was banned for pub-l i s h i n g an ' ar t ic le about K i n g Juan Car los . It is bel ieved that he discussed the pressures which the M i n i s t r y is under to muzzle the press.

S e ñ o r M a r t i n Gamero is in favour of a greater l ibera l iza-t ion of the fo rmer ly heavi ly censored press as an essential par t of the democrat ic process. A book about the i l l ega l Wor -kers ' Commiss ions by S e ñ o r Nicolas Sartor ius , a l e ad ing member of the underground trade un ion movement and a former po l i t i ca l pr isoner , has been seized before reaching the bookstands. The author iz ing order was issued by the M a d r i d p o l i t i c a l court .

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Spate's right fights to fkeèp ban on parties C

rom Our Correspondent , ttjadrid, J u n e 17 íí^j Spain 's entrenched r ight is

t r y i n g to throw o u t j l i e Govern-1 ment 's R e f o r m of P o l i t i c a l p i Assoc i a t i on wh ich l i f ts the 37-

year ban on most po l i t i ca l ' Í par l ies . »

I Some of the 92 M P s who 'I vo ted against the r e f o r m ear l ie r • this month met yesterday to s tudy the poss ib i l i ty of b r ing-i n g a case against the Govern-

j ment on the g r o u n d that the p r e f o r m is uncons t i tu t iona l . They

, i s a y that i t gos against the I fundamenta l laws of the ] N a t i o n a l M o v e m e n t , t echn ica l ly I the country ' s on ly legal po l i t i c a l

. ' , i o rganiza t ion u n t i l the penal I B code is r e fo rmed .

1 T h e p r ime movers behind the i conf l i c t between the Govern-| ment and the o ld F r a n c o guard j a r e be l ieved to be S e ñ o r I R a i m u n d o Fernandez-Cuesta , f a n M P ' by d i rec t appoin tment jj of the late dic ta tor and S e ñ o r

J.jj J o s é A n t o n i o G i r o n , head of m Gene ra l Franco ' s C i v i l W a r

i veterans. |J! The M P s met o nthe same •''1 day that the text of the r e fo rm i$j»was pub l i shed i n the o f f i c ia l 3 state bu l l e t in i n wh ich the % words " po l i t i c a l part ies " '& appeared for the f i rs t t ime i n

a l ega l text s ince 1939. Pre-v ious ly the Government had ta lked of po l i t i c a l associations, a l though few doubted that was done on ly to cushion the b low to the r igh t for w h i c h the w o r d par ty is anathema.

M a n y of the 92 M P s b i t te r ly at tacked the r e fo rm i n the most d i sparag ing terms when i t was debated i n the Cortes . A c c o r d -i n g to Span ish l a w an appeal on uncons t i tu t iona l i ty may be made by the 100-member N a t i o n a l C o u n c i l , the r u l i n g body o fthe movement , or the s tanding commit tee Of the Cortes . In both instances a two-thirds ma jo r i t y is needed.

T h e appeal mus t be made w i t h i n two months o fthe pub-l i ca t ion of the l aw to the C o u n c i l of the R e a l m , the country ' s highest advisory body. A r u l i n g is sought f rom a spec ia l sect ion of the Supreme court . • . • .

The Governmen t does not appear to be w o r r i e d by the r igh t -wing oppos i t ion and con-f iden t ly bel ieves that p o l i t i c a l part ies w i l l be opera t ing soon. B u t it faces another s t u m b l i n g b lock because the p o l i t i c a l associat ion r e fo rm is ineffec-t ive u n t i l the penal code is re formed.

Spanish opposition lead^ freed pending his triaj^ F r o m O u r Cor respondent \ J M a d r i d , J u n e 18 M

S e ñ o r R a f a e l Calvo > Serer , the oppos i t ion leader i m p r i s o n e d two weeks ago w h e n he r e tu rned to S p a i n after f ive years i n ex i l e i n P a r i s , was today re leased f r o m Caraban-c h e l P r i s o n i n M a d r i d .

A fo rmer l o y a l suppor te r of Gene ra l F ranco ' s r eg ime U n t i l he j o i n e d the oppos i t ion , he was re leased o n b a i l of £2,500 p e n d i n g t r i a l o n charges of w r i t i n g an a r t i c l e against the Government . H e faces "a possible m a x i m u m sentence of seven years for the a r t i c le i n he Monde.'

H e was one of the founders of the o l d , democratic? j u n t a w i t h S e ñ o r Sant iago C a r r i l l o , the e x i l e d secretary of the Span i sh C o m m u n i s t Pa r ty , and was also manag ing edi tor of the newspaper Madrid, w h i c h was c losed by the Governmen t i n 1970. t

S e ñ o r Ca lvo Se re r was met at the p r i son gate by two oppos i t ion leaders, S e ñ o r M a r -ce l ino C a m a c h o , of the W o r k e r s ' Commiss ions , the u n d e r g r o u n d t rade u n i o n movement , and S e ñ o r A n t o n i o G a r c i a T r e v i -j ano , a l awyer , bo th recen t ly

I re leased f r o m the same p r i son and both awa i t ing t r i a l f o r po l i t i ca l offences.

M i l i t a r y author i t ies are to b r i n g fu r the r charges against th ree of the off icers s e rv ing sentences for be long ing to the i l l e g a l Democra t i c M i l i t a r y Union" ( U D M ) . T h e three were sentenced to between four a n d e igh t years at a cour t m a r t i a l i n M a r c h fo r consp i r i ng to com-m i t sedi t ion . S i x other officers w e r e sentenced at the same t i m e . ' ' " ' ' • i : - ' - ' - ^ c - V ; . : ^ ^

T h e charges a g a i n s t ' M a j o r j L u i s Otero , Cap ta in J o s é F e r - | nandp R e i n l é i n a n d Cap t a in 1 F e r m í n Iba r ra Renes have n o t l been spec i f ied . I t is be l ieved | they a r e based, o n an i n c i d e n t | w h i c h o c c u r r e d while. , they w e r e I i n .a. m i l i t a r y p r i s o n a w a i t i n g ! t r i a l i n F e b r u a r y . .

A c c o r d i n g to U D M , sources a 1 g u a r d f i r e d shots i n to the a i r I after severa l of the off icers j acc iden ta l ly overs tepped the I bounda ry of the i r severe ly

, t r e s t r i c t ed quar ters . :.If tha t i s L other s o i t w o u l d ind ica te the 1 lengths m

to w h i c h the m i l i t a r y i s pre- e -pa red to go to cont inue i t s per-secu t ion of the U D M .

T h e organiza t ion has been s i len t s ince the t r i a l , w h i c h was condemned by the oppos i t ion a s ' ' a con t inua t ion of the methods used under G e n e r a l F r a n c o .

Spanish hotel price rises will hit package holidays

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F r o m O u r Cor respondent M a d r i d , June 20

The increase of up to 20 per cent i n Span ish ho te l pr ices announced th is weekend w i l l not affect bookings made before the increase goes in to effect, Senor A d o l f o M a r t i n Gamero , the M i n i s t e r of Infor-ma t ion and T o u r i s m , sa id .

T h e min i s t e r added that a r o y a l decree w o u l d be issued soon au thor iz ing the increase and also es tabl i sh ing a more " f l e x i b l e " system of pr ice con-t r o l on hote l rates.

A n y o n e p l a n n i n g a ho l iday i n S p a i n who has hot yet booked a r o o m can expect to pay as much as 20 per cent more than the cur ren t rates. T h e reference to a " f l ex ib le " sys tem is genera l ly bel ieved to mean that hotels o f fe r ing fu l l board w i l l be a l l o w e d to raise

the i r meal pr ices by more than 20 per cent.

Rates fo r l u x u r y hotels are not expec ted to change much , but the r i se w i l l h i t guests i n hotels of up to three-star cat-egory, where most of Spain ' s fo re ign v is i tors s tay o n pack-age tours.

Ho te lkeeper s r ecen t ly com-p l a i n e d to the Governmen t that many had not made a prof-it s ince 1973, because of the combina t ion of in f l a t ion and government p r i c e controls . A number of hotels i n M a d r i d were sa id to be on the verge of f i n a n c i a l col lapse .

The increase has s t i l l left f some hote lkeepers dissat isf ied, j T h e y w o u l d have p r e f e r r ed a\ 30 per cent r i se to keep ahead | of the projec ted rate o f in f la - t t ion of about 25 per cent a | year.

Spanish foreign minister hints at official recognition of Communist Party £ F r o m H a r r y Debe l iu s M a d r i d , June 32 '

K i n g Juan Carlos and Queen Sophia f lew today f rom M a d r i d to Barce lona to be at the bed-side of tht K i n g ' s father, D o n Juan of Borbon , when he was operated on to correct a detached re t ina . A c c o r d i n g to i n i t i a l indicat ions , the opera-tion was successful. D r A l f r edo M u i n o s performed the delicate surgery at the Ba r rque r C l i n i c i n Barce lona this morn ing .

The K i n g cancel led his offi-c ia l audiences and left the capi ta l when M a d r i d was expect ing an authorized demonstra t ion against ehe h i g h cost o f l i v i n g . A projec t ion" of the last s ix months ' f igures in-dicatts that Spain 's rate of i n -f la t ion may go as h igh as 25 per cent this year.

M e a n w h i l e , po l i t i ca l ac t iv i ty cont inued at fever p i tch as the country prepared to move towards democracy. W o r k i n g under special rules for urgent procedures, the just ice commit-tee of the Cortes (Par l iament) met for the second consecutive

d a y today to w o r k out an acceptable text fo r th t Govern-ment 's proposed r e fo rm of parts of the penal code w h i c h are i n conf l ic t w i t h the new law au thor i z ing the format ion of po l i t i c a l partiesT •

The committee f inished ha l f i ts work -yes t e rday by rev is ing the law concerning the r igh t to ho ld publ ic demonstrations. The new text, which s t i l l needs the approva l of a p lenary ses-sion of the C o r n s to become law, would a l low pub l i c demon-strations p rov ided they are not-cal led for i m m o r a l or c r i m i n a l purposes and prov ided they do not pose a th4eat to pub l i c safety. It w o u l d also l i m i t such demonstrat ions to those parties recognized by the authori t ies . Communis ts a r eexcluded) .

On C o m m u n i s m , Senor Jose M a r i a de A r e i l z a ¡ t h é foreign minis ter , sa id i n an in t e rv iew publ i shed by the na t iona l w e e k l y Actualidad Española: " W e don't know what strength the Communis t Pa r ty has i n Spa in . To begin wi th , not even the -Communis t Par ty Uj«lf knows . " . . \ Q ^ \ >

H e added, i n what was p r o b - | ably a h in t o f - f u t u r e o f f i c i a l 1 recogni t ion of the Communi s t s P a r t y : " I t h i n k tha t i f o n e ! wants to w ipe out v iolence i n | the country 's p o l i t i c a l customs | i n order to make d e m o c r a c y ! work, then one should not l o o k * to see i f people are on t h e | r ight or the left.

" T h e Government does not^ want to cause unnecessary i r r i - 1 ta t ion to cer tain more' conser-vative sectors o f the po l i t i ca l es tabl ishment ." ' ;• .

The k i n d of po l i t i ca l vio-lence to which Senor A r e i l z a \ffi*£ r e fe r red cont inued i n the Bas- F^f?™ que country , where a R o m a n i c Ca tho l i c pr ies t was forced . to mfe go into h id ing , w i th the permis-IMs s ion of his superiors , i n order ¥AW to prevent a death threat made by a r igh t -wing organizat ion f r o m be ing ' ca r r ied out. T h e priest , Fa the r Al fonso Car los Beraza, of Basu r i , near B i lbao , was one >of at- least two people to receive wr i t ten death threats i n B a s u r i on M a y 26. The threatening letters were s igned by the An t i -Communi s t Assoc ia t ion of Spain .

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More Spanish political prisoners now than under Franco, lawyers say .?£WNI976 F r o m W i l l i a m Chis le t t M a d r i d , June 23

M o r e people have been charged wi th po l i t i c a l offences i n : Spain i n the f i rs t five months of 1976 than i n the same per iod last year ; a t rend w h i c h cou ld see the total for 1976 exceeding that of Gene ra l F ranco ' s last year of ru le by more than a t h i r d .

B y the end of M a y the two P u b l i c Order courts i n M a d r i d , w h i c h cover the whole of Spa in , had brought 2,600 cases, compared wi th about 1,800 i n ' the same per iod last year . A l t o -gether about 4,000 such cases were brought last year, and lawyers ca lcula te that if the present t rend continues this year 's f igure w i l l be over 6,000, a t h i r d more .

L a w y e r s estimate that a p o l i t i c a l case involves on average three to four accused, so that by the end of M a y it is probable that between 8,000 and 10,000 people had been charged, compared wi th about 7,000 for the same p e r i o d last year .

W h e t h e r those charged, many of w h o m are being held i n pr i son , come to t r i a l , depends on whether the r e f o r m of Franco ' s repressive pena l code is approved by the Cortes (Par l iament ) . The R e f o r m B i l l was w i thd rawn on June 9 after protests f r o m the r ight , but is expected, to go before the Cortes i n amended

I f o r m on J u n e 30. I f approved ; i t cou ld act as a k i n d of unof-I f i c i a l amnesty for many" of those awai t ing t r i a l and serv-

i i n g sentences. S e n o r J a i m e Sar tor ius , a law-

jyer spec ia l i z ing in po l i t i c a l

cases, s a i d : " The repress ion this year is m u c h worse than before and is i ncompa t ib l e wi th a count ry w h i c h says it is m o v i n g towards democracy . " 'He is scept ica l that the pro-posed penal code r e fo rm w i l l g rea t ly alter the s i tuat ion. A s anarchists , ter ror is ts , separa-tists a n d communis t s w o u l d cont inue to be i l l e g a l and as the def in i t ions of those cate-gories wou ld r emain loose and a rb i t ra ry , the repress ion of " popu la r f o r c e s " wou ld prob-ably cont inue.

A n examinat ion of the polit-i ca l af f i l ia t ions of many people awai t ing ' t r i a l seems to bear out the c l a i m that there is dis-c r im ina t i on against m i l i t an t wingers . F igu res disclosed to The Times, admi t ted ly incom-plete, c l ea r ly reveal the d i s c r imina t i on . No Chr i s t i an Democrats or Social is ts are awai t ing t r i a l , a l though the i r part ies also remain i l l ega l un t i l the penal code is r e fo rmed .

F o r example , on ly Com-munis t members of Democra t i c Coord ina t ion , the a l l iance of Social is t , Commun i s t and Chr i s t i an D e m o c r a t i c " forces, have been charged w i t h . advo-cat ing a change i n the fo rm of government , a l though a l l part ies i n the a l l iance jo ined i n its ca l l fo r a " d e m o c r a t i c break " w i t h F ranco ' s system.

The Span ish Commun i s t Par ty , long the target of repress ion under Genera l F r anco , has about 150 members awai t ing t r i a l on charges c a r ry ing sentences of more than three years, • who wou ld thus not qual i fy for the proposed pardon . F i f t y are in pr ison pend ing t r i a l . A n o t h e r 15

Madrid g r o u p ! s 7 C

threat t.? 6 JU*3 7 6

I b u r n b o o k s h o p s ] F r o m Our Correspondent ry

I M a d r i d , June 25 (y •J News stands and bookshops in

M a d r i d are r ece iv ing threats | | f rom a r ight-wing group ca l l i ng i i t se l f the An t i -Po rnograph ic ! Campa ign that they w i l l be

1 burn t i f cer tain magazines l i k e Play Lady and Encyclopedia of Eroticism are not w i thd rawn by J u l y 1. i Since Genera l F ranco died,

there has been a considerable re laxat ion of the spvere press censorship, much to the anger of r igh t -wing groups.

The threats come at a t ime when bookshops and other businesses i n the Basque country are going through one of the i r worst periods for some t ime.

are serving pr i son sentences. S i m i l a r l y , 108 members of

the M a o i s t W o r k e r s ' Pa r ty , wh ich is pa r t i cu l a r l y s t rong i n i n d u s t r i a l areas, are awai t ing j t r i a l , about 15 i n p r i son , the rest on b a i l . Three members are serving sentences r ang ing f rom 14 to 18- years for i l l e g a l associat ion.

The R e v o l u t i o n a r y W o r k e r s ' Organiza t ion has 22 members in p r i son , several serv ing sen-tences, but most awai t ing t r i a l . Ano the r 45 have been gran ted b a i l .

The po l i t i c a l organizat ion wi th the most members await-ing t r i a l and serving sentences is E T A the Basque separatist organizat ion. A c c o r d i n g k to Senor V e n t u r a Perez M a r i n o a M a d r i d lawyer , 400 a l leged E T A members ; have been charged since G e n e r a l F r a n c o d ied , of w h o m ha l f are await-ing t r i a l in p r i son . A n o t h e r 100 had been j a i l ed since then for I i l l e g a l association and ter-r o r i s m , whi le 400 j a i l e d before j Franco ' s death are s t i l l se rv ing ( sentences. I

The number of people ; ' impr i soned , for te r ror i s t ^ offences i n the g e n e r a l l y ^ accepted sense of the w o r d is a" hot issue. Senor M a n u e l F raga ,

( I r i b a r n e , the In te r io r M i n i s t e r , c l a i m e d ear l ie r this year that I there were on ly 250 people i n p r i son i n connexion wi th pol i -t i ca l offences and 250 more over j ter ror is t offences.

The of f i c ia l f igure for the number of p o l i t i c a l prisoners does not. take, into account the large number of people await-i n g t r i a l in j a i l or i m p r i s o n e d for non-payment or fines im-posed wi thout t r i a l .

Spanish opposition seeks democratic ^ F r o m O u r C o r r e s p o n d e n t s M a d r i d , J u n e 28 W™

T h e Span ish oppos i t ion has embarked en a campaign against the Government ' s r e f e r endum w i t h a w a r n i n g to K i n g J u a n Ca r lo s about the dangers of s u c h a move- w i t h -out adequate democra t ic guarantees.

V o t i n g l is ts fo r the referen-d u m , due to be h e l d i n October , have been pub l i shed and the Governmen t is begin-n i n g its o w n campa ign w i t h m i n i s t e r i a l speeches and some te levis ion coverage.

T h e oppos i t ion has so far conf ined i t s c r i t i c i s m to tersely w o r d e d statements re jec t ing the r e f e r endum as a Govern -m e n t t r i c k to t ie up its pack-age of re forms. B u t more con-s t ruct ive c r i t i c i s m m a y now be fo r thcoming .

A document a t t ack ing the r e fe rendum, d r a w n u p by Senor Jose M a r i a Gi l -Rob les , the C h r i s t i a n Democra t leader a n d head of the Democra t i c P o p u l a r federa t ion , is be l ieved to be i n the K i n g ' s hands.

T h e document ca l l s for

uarantees that the referen-; ' d u m w o u l d be c a r r i e d out i m - f pa r t i a l l y . U n d e r the o l d Franco^ system, re fe rendums were t staged a n d managed b y thet Gove rnmen t and oppos i t ion S v iews were s t i f led .

The r e fe rendum w i l l be over [ the es tabl ishment o f a two-tier { P a r l i a m e n t to rep lace the \ present Cor tes and the lower-m g of the m i n i m u m age o f a I Span i sh m o n a r c h f r o m 30 to 18 j years . . •

S e ñ o r G i l -Rob le s said that the on ly ques t ion tha t needed to be pu t to the peop le was whether to g ive the K i n g ' powers to c a l l free gene ra l [ e lect ions w i t h i n a m a x i m u m ! p e r i o d of s i x months and with-1 out the e x c l u s i o n o f a n y pol i t - f i c a l par ty . A t present , a l l polit-1 i c a l part ies are theore t ica l ly f i l l e g a l p e n d i n g the r e f o r m of the pena l code nex t mon th . Communis t s a n d separat is ts \ w o u l d cont inue to be out lawed 1

afterwards.

T h e document l is ts severa l other requ i rements , i n c l u d i n g amnesty fo r p o l i t i c a l p r i soners . Í

Suspected officers * dispersed in,; Spain ^ F r o m O u r Correspondent

'M M a d r i d , J u n e 24 P| T h e m i l i t a r y author i t ies are

t ransfer r ing suspected m e m b e r s ' of the i l l e g a l Democra t i c M i l i - ' tary U n i o n to quiet areas- Tof Spa in , accord ing to information-, received today by The Time's.,• A b o u t nine officers have been_ posted recen t ly o r r e l i eved of the i r assignments " because 'Of" the exigencies of the service '" ."

The most w e l l k n o w n officef,* C o l o n e l L u i s P in i l i l a , who defen-ded one of n ine officers court-., martial-led ear l ie r this year on" sedi t ion charges and sentenced'', to pr ison terms r ang ing f ront ' two to eight years, has been '

£§j t ransferred to Cuenca rewrtii*.- ' i n g centre. •) '"<:•

A n o t h e r off icer , M a j o r L i t i s ; R o l d a n , who was i n charge df* the guard at the m i l i t a r y bar-racks at Hoyo de Manzanares where some of the officers w e r e

*cj impr i soned awai t ing t r i a l , has $ been t ransferred to the C a n a r y .

Islands. He- i s sa id to h a v e ' treated h i s i m p r i s o n e d f e l l o w ' officers sympathe t ica l ly . v ' •

In a statement, the D e m o - ' cra t ic M i l i t a r y U n i o n , . w h i c h | has been l y i n g l o w since m e 1? cour t mar t i a l , expressed a l a f m " | | at the n u m b e r of senior off icers ER who s igned a recent le t te r t o |f the Cortest protes t ing at the Government ' s reforms. '- '•'••:-' 1|

The conservat ive p o l i t i c a l ' |§j par ty Democra t i c R e f o r i n iM acknowledged yesterday that • * Senor M a n u e l F r a g a I r iba rne , the In te r io r M i n i s t e r , w i l l a lmost cer ta in ly be ejected the-ms

^party's leader at the au tumn £•'•.' Cong re s s . „ BSHB

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o o o o o o o o o o o o o ó o O D — . — - -

Spanish policemen find themselves on trial ¿* F r o m O u r Correspondent _ _

If M a d r i d , June 29

communists , w i t h the act ivi t ies of the w o r prosecutor s a i d : " The po l i ce pa r t i cu la r ly are not be ing judged , on ly a i n j u r e d themselves so that they kers commissions , tbe i l l e g a l

, po l i c eman . " cou ld jus t i fy before thei r underground trade un ion move. «1., T n e authori t ies have started . g - - j . colleagues w h y they had given ment . The commissions in tend L ; b r i n g i n g pol ice to t r i a l for ^ A s c a n i o was arrested in format ion and also b r i n g to go. ahead w i t h a c o n g r e s s , . , : *

&•••;< ollaoad tnrturo and maltreat- « m » * « » «»V?u«w, «ie»ieu ..... . ,. " «* u amtrnnimt han P. • action against the po l i ce . The c o u r t has not yet an-

activit ies.

| a l leged tor ture and r maltreat t e m b e r a l l d t a k e n t 0

F ^ . u S & ^ a £ t S P ° l i c e headquarters where he m ! S i nf ! /nd order was interrogated by Inspector nounced its verd ic t and sen-

w e r e ^ a T m o s ? u n T e a r d V but ^ a t u t e about h is po l i t i c a l tence. " now there are signs that the

Government of K i n g J u a n Car los means to l ive up to its word

W and b r i n g cu lp r i t s to just ice, f l The case against Inspector * • Jose M a t u t e Fernandez , former

head of the p o l i t i c a l po l ice i n

i n spite of a government ban In V a l e n c i a C i v i l Guards

b roke up a meet ing of GOO com- p miss ion members this morn ing . Three were deta ined for a B t imer I n M a d r i d the pol ice kept Inspector Ma tu te faces

Inspector Ma tu t e , who is a fur ther charges i n another case £ e f r "distance" w h i l e " " severai judo expert, h o l d i n g the black of the murde r of a communis t n U n d r e d Falangis t r ight-wingers belt, is a l leged to have h i t the worker . H e was taken f rom demonstrated outside the b i r th -student on the feet and test icles M a d r i d , where he is m pr i son . rf . & A n t o n i o Pr imo*de

watting t r i a l on this charge, to giv ^ ̂ q { t h e F r a n c 0

and other parts of his body The student la ter agreed to Tener i fe . regime. W a v i n g the i r r ed and

Tener i fe began i n Tener i fe make a statement saying he was A c c o r d i n g to one magazine, D l a c k banners they shouted anti H vesterdav H e is accused of beat- a lead ing member of the Com- which was banned f rom pub- Government slogans

T „ — « „ * T « » . . , f , l i sh ing the report , more than munis t League of Tener i fe . i , i n g and coerc ing a student i n "¡3 the po l ice headquarters . The

prosecut ion is asking for five charges, said he had spent 27 K i months ' impr i sonment and a years i n the pol ice force and M f ine of between £120 and £400 this was the f i rs t t ime a case

T h e inspector , denying the 70 people have made d e n u n c i a appealed for un i ty

T h e newspapers repor ted to-tions to the authorit ies about d a y that t n e r e fo rm of the alleged tor ture and maltreat- p e n a i c o d e w i l l be debated i n ment since Gene ra l F r anco d i ed t j , € Cortes next Tuesday under

v for each offence. The student's had been brought against h i m . and none- of the cases has yet fae Government ' s urgency pro-si l awyer is ask ing for the The student had been treated ™l inspector to be ex i l ed for s ix w i t h a l l correctness when he

j years. Inspector Ma tu te pleaded not

come before the courts. S e ñ o r M a r c e l i n o Camacho, hours discussion. T h e re fo rm

was i n custody. the workers ' leader, appeared is v i t a l to the effectiveness of H e a l leged that often people before the p o l i t i c a l cour t i n the other re forms a l lowing

guüty^To" the "charges . T h e arrested for po l i t i c a l reasons, M a d r i d yesterday i n connexion p o l i t i c a l part ies a n d meetings.

Spanish backing for party politics* ^ F r o m O u r Correspondent / a l l part ies should be recognized, f u l l y elected; 9 p e r cent were

•<%i M a d r i d , J u n e 30 \s T h e s m a l l p ropor t ion o f indi f ferent to any e lec tora l A la rge number of Spaniards people who want to keep things system; 2 per cent be l ieved that

are i n favour of recogniz ing a l l as they are, and main ta in the both Houses should be by H p o l i t i c a l part ies, i n c l u d i n g the Na t iona l Movemen t as the on ly appointment . The rest had no m C o m m u n i s t Par ty , accord ing to p o l i t i c a l organizat ion, reveals op in ion . >-j an of f i c ia l p o l l pub l i shed i n the dissatisfaction of most A s k e d whether the Govern-

. '. J M a d r i d today. Spaniards w i th the cont inued m e w ' s o r the opposi t ion 's 1 gUj The p o l l , ca r r i ed out by the monopoly of the Movemen t . approach to achiev ing demo-1

Inst i tute of P u b l i c O p i n i o n i n Other replies i n the survey cracy was more satisfactory, 33 I M a d r i d . Barce lona , Sev i l l e show that 35 per cent of those per cent favoured the Govern- f, and B i l b a o , shows that 43 per asked were i n favour of greater metre's programme of reforms cent of the 1,449 people asked contacts between the Govern- wh i l e 17 per cent suppor ted the w o u l d l i k e a l l p o l i t i c a l part ies ment and the opposi t ion; 15 per opposi t ion i n ca l l i ng for a com-to be recognized, 24 per cent cent thought that the present plete break w i t h the past, some part ies, 3 pe r cent only contacts were sufficient; 2 per Opposi t ion groups are meet-

' one, and 30 per cent had no cent that there shou ld be no ing this week to s tudy the draft I op in ion . contact at a l l and 2 per cent of a document to be sent to the S The p o l l , whether intent ion- that the present contacts should K i n g wa rn ing h i m of the I a l l y o r not, cou ld not have been be reduced; 46 per cent had no dangers of the October referen-

pub l i shed at a more opportune op in ion . dum. A spokesman for the ; moment as the r e fo rm of the O n the question of un iversa l Democra t ic Coord ina t ion to ld

1 penal code, w h i c h gives the suffrage 52 per cent be l ieved The Times: " W e sha l l be green l igh t to some parties, that both the Lower and U p p e r advis ing the K i n g of the r isks

S goes before the Cortes for Chambers should be composed invo lved to the monarchy w i t h j approva l next Tuesday. T h e of elected members. The the present re ferendum. The j Government intends to cont inue re fe rendum to be he ld i n re ferendum is not democrat ic I to ban. the Commun i s t Par ty October w i l l be to approve the and so the monarchy i t se l f is ! w h i l e a l l owing the Social is ts , establ ishment of a two-tier Par- at r i sk of becoming undemo-j Chr i s t i an Democrats and other ]ianient to replace the present crat ic . W e are t r y i n g to save

y moderate parties to take par t Cortes . P a r t of the Senate is to the monarchy ." I i n po l i t i c a l l i f e . be by appointment . The opposi t ion wants the g T h e oppos i t ion , loosely Of those asked i n the survey re ferendum to give the K i n g

gathered together i n the Demo- 5 per cent bel ieved that on ly powers to b r i n g a f u l l demo-I c ra t i c Coord ina t ion , argues that the L o w e r Chamber should be cracy .

cedure, w i th a m a x i m u m of five

Spanish Air Force general J; sees strange flying objector F r o m Our Correspondent of ext ra ter res t r ia l object as it M a d r i d , J u l y 1 had covered the distance i n

A senior m i l i t a r y officer and under two seconds, a doctor have jo ined the in-creas ing numbers of people re-por t i ng un iden t i f i ed f l y ing objects i n Spa in . T h e i r state-ments p u b l i s h e d i n the press iden t i f i ed f l y i n g objects this week have made even seep- ex t ra te r res t r ia l spaceships, t ics wonder whether after a l l D r Franc i sco J u l i o Pat there might be something i n the L e o n , who a so works i n the strange reports Cana ry Islands, sa id la ter that

Gene ra l Car los Castro Cavero , he had recent ly s e c n ^ ' a n un-chief of the Canary Islands usual perfect ly round sphere, a i r d iv i s ion , said that he had s i lhouet ted by a greyish blue recent ly seen a f l y ing object l ight , a b o u t ^ metres (o9tt) hove r ing above the v i l l age of i n diameter

A s a general " , he said, " I -. ho ld the same op in ion as the | -M i n i s t r y of A v i a t i o n , but per- ; sonal ly I th ink that these un-

are j

D r F ranc i sco ' J u l i o P a d r o n >

j Senor Arias resigns j as Spanish Premier; I F r o m O u r Correspondent F o r reformists , l i k e Senor I m M a d r i d , J u l y 1 . M a n u e l F range I r r igane , tne In- I f ? g Senor Car los A n a s Nava r ro , t e r io r M i n i s t e r , and Senor P o s é m I the Spanish P r i m e M i n i s t e r , re- M a r i a de A r e i l z a , the F o r e i g n m I s igned th is evening, E u r o p a M i n i s t e r he has not been l i b e r a l I Press, a M a d r i d news agency, enough. p>' I repor ted . T h e agency sa id K i n g T h e n a m e s o f t h o s e t w 0 m i n i s . H ' I J u a n Car los had accepted the t e r s m m t s u r e i y figure {„ any F-ï: I res igna t ion and that the Cabinet Ust o f possible replacements to P 1 wou ld meet later . b e submi t ted to the K i n g . T h e

Senor A n a s , aged 67, became f e a r a m ( M , g the oppos i t ion is m ™ r 7 ? e M l ™ t e r m . J a n u a r y t h a t s o m e o n e i n the same m o u l d *

J 1974, after the assassination of as Senor A r i a s might be appoin- W-] A d m i r a l L u i s Ca r re ro B lanco , ted. Î P

A former M i n i s t e r o f the In- ' * T W „ , „ „ u - j fm I te r ior , he pursued a tough law- j ? a t

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and-order Dol icv but also t b e g a p b e t w e e n those w i s h i n g K I t t empted to P start t h ^ l i b e r a f t f / £ S j î h f m f ? S ^ e m

za t ion of Gene ra l F ranco ' s S^Lfe"*tJ*80 9 ? J ° b n n f

r ee ime » p a m in to l ine wi th the rest of k:, I n his famous speech of F e b E u r ° P « - , M

rua ry 12, 1974, he announced T h e names of seeyral m i l l - . ' that p o l i t i c a l associations would ^ men, such as Lieutenant -be a l lowed w i t h i n the frame- Genera l M a n u e l D i e z - A l e g n a , f ; work of the o f f i c i a l Na t iona l have also been c i r c u l a t i n g as r i &

a Movemen t . possible pwme minis ters .

W h e n the dictator d i ed last M a d r i d , J u l y 4 . — A spokes-i November Senor A r i a s fo rmal ly man for Senor A r i a s ton ight i res igned, but K i n g J u a n Car los conf i rmed his res ignat ion and f «" ! reinstated h i m . Since then its acceptance by K i n g J u a n - & ] ha rd ly a week has gone by ' Ca r los .

.; wi thout reports of crises and Senor A n t o n i o A y a r b a z a l , the . disputes w i t h i n the f i rs t Cab ine t Secretary, added that N 4Cabinent under the monarchy, the res igna t ion h a d been " on r%"; r Spanish press reports of the the c a r d s " since the b e g i n n i n g ? ' - ' . ^ impend ing res ignat ion of Senor of the K i n g ' s r e ign , j A r i a s , a l though of f ic ia l ly dis- Senor A r i a s h a d " f u l f i l l e d K | : missed, haave gathered strength the v e r y delicate p e r i o d of I i n the past few weeks. • t rans i t ion . The K i n g took ad- ffSfe j Senor A r i a s has been under vantage of the offer Se i io r A r i a s ps" j s t rong c r i t i c i sm f rom both the has made repeatedly." R§!

1 r igh t w i t h i n the Government A s k e d by reporters w h y p f : j a n d the Spanish h ie ra rchy and Senor A r i a s chose to res ign , [ - § ; f rom reformis t minis ters . when r e f o r m proposals w e r e f i X • F o r the r ight , h is wi l l ingness , s t i l l be ing pushed through the C;'p al though re luc tant ly , to go Cortes ( P a r l i a m e n t ) , S e f i o r F y ^ a long wi th reforms designed Oyarzabal sa id he presumed l - ^

j to dismantle the dic ta torship , the P r i m e M i n i s t e r h a d jus t d e - p f c 1 amounted to be t ray ing the c ided i t was the end of the - ' j F ranco is t cause. pe r iod of t rans i t ion .

Sabada i n eastern Spa in for H e saw two very ta l l f igures . more than a n T o û r . The" object dressed i n b r i l l i an t red inside | was " b r i l l i a n t and remained the sphere as he was d r i v i n g

a long a road. The radio in his car fe l l s i lent as the sphere , approached and landed on a [. house roof. It them took o i t |.

the d i rec t ion of \

s tat ionary i n the a i r " and " then f lew to F g e a de los

. Cabal leros 20 k i lomet res (12 i mi les ) away ".

The genera vas conv inced again i that 't must have been a k i n d Tener i fe . Fun

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