FRP Tank Selip Technical Specification

Doc. N°: MAN.2 ENG Rev.00

data: 29.06.2009

S.p.A.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FRP TANKS - USE ABOVE GROUND

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Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above

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INDEX

1. OBJECT ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2

2. RANGE OF TANKS ............................................................................................................................................... 3 3. DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3

3.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................................................... 3 3.2 STABILITY CALCULATION ............................................................................................................................. 4 3.3 FITTINGS.............................................................................................................................................................. 4 3.4 BOTTOMS ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 3.5 SYSTEM TO SUPPORT FRP TANKS ................................................................................................................ 7 3.6 PROPERTY OF LAMINATE ............................................................................................................................. 10

4. RAW MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................................. 11 4.1 RESINS................................................................................................................................................................ 11 4.2 FIBRE GLASS .................................................................................................................................................... 11 4.3 ADDITIVES ........................................................................................................................................................ 12

5. MANUFACTURING PROCEDURES ..................................................................................................................... 12 5.1 PREPARATION OF RESINS ............................................................................................................................. 12 5.2 CONSTRUCTION OF STANDARD CYLINDRICAL LINERS ....................................................................... 12 5.3 CONSTRUCTION OF HEADS / ENDS ............................................................................................................. 13 5.4 ASSEMBLY ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 5.5 FILAMENT WINDING ...................................................................................................................................... 14 5.6 MARKING AND INSTALLATION OF FITTINGS .......................................................................................... 14 5.7 FINISHING ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 5.8 POST- CURE ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 5.9 GALVANIZING METAL PARTS ..................................................................................................................... 16 5.10 PAINTING OF METAL PARTS ...................................................................................................................... 17

6. CHECKS AND TEST-RUNS ................................................................................................................................... 17 6.1 CLASSIFICATION OF VISIBLE DEFECTS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ............................................ 17 6.2 TOLERANCE ...................................................................................................................................................... 23 6.3 TEST EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS ..................................................................................................... 26 7. PREPARATION FOR SHIPPPING ...................................................................................................................... 26

8. TECHNICAL AND TEST- RUN DOCUMENTATION .......................................................................................... 27 9. GARANTEES ............................................................................................................................................................ 28

9.1 TECHNICAL GUARANTEES (SKILLS) ...................................................................................................... 28 9.2 COMMERCIAL GUARANTEES .................................................................................................................. 28


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1. OBJECT

These specifications define the minimum requisites adopted by SELIP in the design,

manufacturing, inspection, checking, testing and preparation for shipping of atmospheric

tanks in fibre glass (FRP).

SELIP operates in accordance with internal procedures, conforming to the

UNI EN ISO 9001:2008 norm.

Procedure N° TITLE

PRG/4.2.1 Procedure to manage documentation of the Quality Assurance System

PRG/4.2.2 Procedure to manage Q.A.S. registration.

PRG/5.5 – 7.2 Procedure to manage internal and external communication

PRG/5.6 Procedure for re-examination by the management

PRG/6.2 Procedure to manage human resources

PRG/7.2 Procedure to manage offers and orders and examine customer orders

PRG/7.3 Procedure for product design and development

PRG/7.4 Procedure to assess suppliers and for purchase orders

PRG/7.5.1 Procedure for product manufacturing

PRG/7.5.2 Procedure for customer service

PRG/7.5.3 Procedure to manage the warehouse

PRG/7.5.4 Machinery and facilities maintenance

PRG/7.6 Procedure to calibrate and maintain instruments

PRG/8.2 Procedure for the Q.A.S. internal audit

PRG/8.3 Procedure to manage non-conformities and complaints

PRG/8.5.1 Procedure to test customer satisfaction

PRG/8.5.2 Procedure to manage precautionary and corrective actions


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2. RANGE OF TANKS SELIP’s standard production consists of (for details see tank data sheet PT01) :

• Vertical flat bottom tanks – type FP

• Vertical dished bottoms tanks on FRP legs – type CP

• Vertical dished bottoms tanks on steel legs – type AN

• Horizontal tanks on FRP saddles – type CT

• Horizontal tanks without saddles – type SS

• Horizontal underground tanks – type CTI

• Tapered bottom silos (60° and 90°) – type FC

• Vertical tanks with integrated basin – type SV

Standard internal diameters for capacities from 1 to 200m³,are :

1000 / 1200 / 1500 / 1800 / 2000 / 2200 / 2500 / 3000 / 3500 / 4000mm.

3. DESIGN

Design is according to the European norm EN 13121-3 of 2008 (“GRP Tanks and

Vessels for Use Above Ground”).

Safety Factor minimum acceptable for design : K=4.

On demand, also other International norm are acceptable :

• ASTM ;

• API 12P ;

• ASME RTP-1 ;

• AD Merkblatt N1

Previous European norms (BS 4994, AFNOR, …) have been replaced by EN 13121.

3.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS Standard parameters adopted for the design :

• Specific weight of the product contained : ≤ 1.3 kg/dm3 ;

• Design pressure : atmospheric / liquid head

• Design temperature : 60°C.

• Wind action : according to D.M. dated 16/01/1996

• Earthquake action : according to the norm - Ref Zone 2


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TANKS MUST BE DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO THE ATMOSPHERE VIA A

SUITABLY SIZED FREE VENT

3.2 STABILITY CALCULATION SELIP is responsible for checking the stability of the tank in the phases of installation,

hydraulic testing and use.

Inspection is carried out on the basis of the project data and in line with that reported in

the EN 13121-3 European norms.

The inner chemically resistant layer (liner) is not taken into consideration in the structure

calculation.

Main phases of the inspection:

• Calculation of the Safety Factor “K” according to :

1. Technology applied,

2. Type of resin and design temperature,

3. Life expectancy of the tank,

4. Danger index of the product contained.

• Calculation of the allowable stress (this depends on “K” and the mechanical

characteristics of the layering in FRP).

• Inspection of the thicknesses of the tank.

• Inspection of the deformations, always to be kept lower than the allowable value.

• Inspection of the condition of implosion (buckling effect) according to the design

under-pressure and the axial loads.

• Inspection of the anchorage to the base on the basis of the calculated actions of

earthquake and wind. These actions must never be considered

contemporaneously.

3.3 FITTINGS

• Nozzles and manhole must be of the integral type, i.e. continuity of the

reinforcing fibres from the flat face to the pipe both in the liner and mechanical

reinforcement, obtainable exclusively via manual lamination over a mould.

GATES AND/OR MANHOLES COMPOSED OF FLANGES ASSEMBLED

SEPARATELY FROM THE TUBE ARE NOT ADMISSIBLE

• The flanges are fixed and feature a flat face ;

• The drilling is in accordance with the UNI EN 1092-1 European norms. The

flange holes are staggered with respect to the main axes.


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• The flange projects 100mm up to DN400, and 150mm over DN400.

• The flanged attachments and the welding to the body of the tank are suitable for

supporting the external loads (forces and moments) reported in the following

table.

FLANGE DIMENSIONS

UNI EN 1092-1 DN PN 6 PN 10 PN 16

INC

HES

mm

FLA

NG

E

DIA

ME

TER

HOLES

BO

LTS

D

IAM

ETE

R

FLA

NG

E

DIA

ME

TER

HOLES

BO

LTS

D

IAM

ETE

R

FLA

NG

E

DIA

ME

TER

HOLES

BO

LTS

D

IAM

ETE

R

CE

NTE

R

NU

MB

ER

D

IAM

ETE

R

CE

NTE

R

NU

MB

ER

DIA

ME

TER

CE

NTE

R

NU

MB

ER

DIA

ME

TER

1/2" 15 80 55 4 11 10 95 65 4 14 12 95 65 4 14 12 3/4" 20 90 65 4 11 10 105 75 4 14 12 105 75 4 14 12 1" 25 100 75 4 11 10 115 85 4 14 12 115 85 4 14 12

1"1/4 32 120 90 4 14 12 140 100 4 18 16 140 100 4 18 16 1"1/2 40 130 100 4 14 12 150 110 4 18 16 150 110 4 18 16

2" 50 140 110 4 14 12 165 125 4 18 16 165 125 4 18 16 2"1/2 65 160 130 4 14 12 185 145 4/8 18 16 185 145 8 18 16

3" 80 190 150 4 18 16 200 160 8 18 16 200 160 8 18 16 4" 100 210 170 4 18 16 220 180 8 18 16 220 180 8 18 16 5" 125 240 200 8 18 16 250 210 8 18 16 250 210 8 18 16 6" 150 265 225 8 18 16 285 240 8 22 20 285 240 8 22 20 8" 200 320 280 8 18 16 340 295 8 22 20 340 295 12 22 20 10" 250 375 335 12 18 16 395 350 12 22 20 405 355 12 26 24 12" 300 440 395 12 22 20 445 400 12 22 20 460 410 12 26 24 14" 350 490 445 12 22 20 505 460 16 22 20 520 470 16 26 24 16" 400 540 495 16 22 20 565 515 16 26 24 580 525 16 30 27 18" 450 595 550 16 22 20 615 565 20 26 24 640 585 20 30 27 20" 500 645 600 20 22 20 670 620 20 26 24 715 650 20 33 30 24" 600 755 705 20 26 24 780 725 20 30 27 840 770 20 36 33

ADMISSIBLE LOADS

DN Fx (N) Fy (N) Fz (N) Mx ( Nm) My ( Nm) Mz ( Nm) 50 300 300 300 30 30 30 80 600 600 600 60 60 60 100 1000 1000 1000 100 100 100 150 1500 1500 1500 150 150 150 200 2500 2500 2500 250 250 250 250 3000 3000 3000 300 300 300 300 3000 3000 3000 300 300 300 350 3000 3000 3000 300 300 300


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• Standard bolts are in galvanized carbon steel, 8.8 class .

• Standard gaskets are 3mm thick EPDM.

3.4 BOTTOMS SELIP tanks can be produced according to three bottom profiles:

flat bottom, dished bottom and conical bottom.

The bottoms must be obtained from a mould.

BOTTOMS PRODUCED IN SECTIONS / TAPERED ARE NOT ADMISSIBLE

BOTTOMS JOINED TO THE CYLINDER WITH BEAKER SYSTEM ARE NOT ADMISSIBLE

• Flat Bottom: used exclusively for atmospheric tanks (only hydrostatic load).

THE RADIUS “r” OF THE

JOINT BETWEEN BOTTOM

AND CYLINDER MUST

ALWAYS BE ≥ 50mm


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• Dished Bottom: used either as a the top or bottom of a tank. Used for both

atmospheric and pressure tanks (vessels). The bottom of the tank must be

supported by feet in FRP, a metal frame or a skirt in FRP. The geometry

corresponds to a semi-elliptical head, with a ratio of height H to diameter D > 0.2

; radius R of the cover = 0.8 x D ; radius “r” of the knuckle = 0.154 x D.

• Conical Bottom: typically used in vertical silos and decanters as a tank bottom.

The opening angle of the cone must be at 60° or 90°.

3.5 SYSTEM TO SUPPORT FRP TANKS SELIP tanks can be supported through:

• FRP legs, hand lay-up lamination manufacturing, for dished bottom heads

• Steel support for dished bottom and conical heads

STARTING FROM CAPACITY OF 15m³ COMPLETE STEEL RING IS

RECOMMENDED


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• FRP SKIRT

Used prevalently for silos where the presence of ferrous materials prone to rust

needs to be avoided.

• FRP saddles for horizontal tanks.. Manufactured hand lay-up on steel moulds.

The arc for contact between saddle and tank is 120°. The saddles are arranged

symmetrically with respect to the centre-line of the plating. The distance between

saddles vary from 1,000 to 1,500mm.


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• Steel saddles, used for large capacity horizontal tanks. The arc of contact

between saddle and tank ranges from 120° to 180°

• Concrete saddles produced on site. Arc of contact 180°.


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3.6 PROPERTY OF LAMINATE Laminates must be periodically tested to verify the mechanical properties, as envisaged

by the EN 13121-3 norms used by SELIP.

In particular, as a minimum there must be an inspection of:

1. Max strength ;

2. Module of elasticity ;

3. Elongation at break.

The minimum values acceptable are :

Glass fibre used

Technology applied

Tensile strenght N/mm²

Module of elasticity N/mm²

CSM 450 (Chopped Strand Mat 450 gr/m²)

Hand lay up 80 7500

CSM + WR500 (Mat450g/m²+WovenRoving500 g/m²)

Hand lay up 130 9500

KNITTED BIAXIAL (950 gr/m²) Hand lay up 180 10500

Spray Up Roving Spray up 80 7500

Direct Roving 2400 / 4800 tex for Filament Winding F.W. 320 22000


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4. RAW MATERIALS

The raw materials used by SELIP come exclusively from European and North American

suppliers.

The suppliers of the raw materials must possess a minimum of 40 years’ experience in

the production of the component.

SELIP is responsible for the choice of raw materials in order to guarantee the suitability

of the tank to contain the product / fluid contractually defined in relation to the design

conditions.

The raw materials used in the production cycle are essentially :

• Resins

• Glass fibre

• Additives

4.1 RESINS Chemically-resistant resins must not contain charges or pigments.

Thixotropic agents are not generally admissible and are severely prohibited in the

chemically-resistant layer (liner).

Protection against light and UV rays must be obtained through the use of an external

gelcoat (top coat).

The resins used in the construction of the chemically-resistant inner layer must have the

following minimum properties :

• Elongation at break : 3% according to ASTM D638

• HDT : 90°C in accordance with ISO 75

• Family : Novolacca, Vinylester, Bisphenolic, Isophtalic

4.2 FIBRE GLASS The glass fibres to be used are :

• C-glass: for the construction of the liner ;

• E-glass: for the construction of the back liner and reinforcements.

The glass fibres are supplied in the form of :

• Surface veil: based on C-glass with fibres arranged randomly. Basis weight of 30

gr/m2 – used in the first layer of the liner ;


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• Mat (CSM): based on E-glass with cut fibres arranged randomly. Basis weight of

375 / 450 / 600 gr/m2 – used in manual lamination or winding ;

• Roving for winding 2400 / 4800 tex: continuous threads of E-glass - are used in

winding systems of the cylindrical part of the tank (Filament winding).

• Roving for cut and spray 2400 tex: cut threads of E-glass - used as mechanical

reinforcement of the tank and bottoms (contact moulding).

• Mat and Biaxials : these are fabrics based on E-glass – used for mechanical

reinforcement – manual layering or for winding.

4.3 ADDITIVES Only in the chemically-resistant layer can accelerators and catalysers be used.

In particular cases, in the mechanical layer, additives can be used that help to confer

particular characteristics to the tank (electrical conductivity, self-extinguishing).

The choice must be made by the SELIP technical office.

5. MANUFACTURING PROCEDURES

5.1 PREPARATION OF RESINS Before being sent to production departments the resins must be tested daily to verify the

gel time and for perfect polymerization

“Gel timer” equipment is used.

5.2 CONSTRUCTION OF STANDARD CYLINDRICAL LINERS The chemically-resistant inner liner must have a minimum thickness of 2.5mm.

This consists of no.1 veil of C-glass impregnated with a minimum resin content equal to

85%, followed by no.2 MAT375/450 gr/m² impregnated with about 66% resin.


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The layer corresponding to 2 MAT375/450 can be obtained with spray-up technology.

The construction of the liner must be done over a mould coated in detaching agent of the

“Mylar” type.

In small tanks, of up to 10m³, the mechanical reinforcement of the cylinder takes place

directly on the mould without the subsequent winding operation. 5.3 CONSTRUCTION OF HEADS / ENDS

The chemically-resistant inner liner must have a minimum thickness of 2.5mm.

This consists of no.1 veil of C-glass impregnated with a minimum resin content equal to

85%, followed by a layer produced using spray-up technology.

The resistant mechanical layer is produced through layering by cut and spray (spray-up)

alternating with manual lamination (hand lay-up) with MAT and chopped strand mat.

5.4 ASSEMBLY The cylinder, which the top must form an integral part of, is welded to the bottom by

manual lamination.

The liner must be re-established and the external mechanical reinforcement must be

made.

This phase is propedeutic, in the case of tanks with a capacity greater than 10m³, to the

winding operation. During assembly the lifting attachments are positioned, in AISI304,

which will be used to hoist the tank vertical.

THE WELDING OF THE BOTTOM TO A CYLINDER WOUND PREVIOUSLY

IS NOT ADVISED


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5.5 FILAMENT WINDING The external mechanical reinforcement of tanks with a capacity greater than 10m³ must be

carried out by a numerical control winding machine. The materials used are:

• resin with elevated mechanical properties;

• continuous glass roving type “E” with basis weight 2400 or 4800 tex.

The layering (number of circumference reinforcements, crisscross reinforcements, and the

type of roving and resin) is decided by SELIP’s technical office.

THE USE OF CRISSCROSS

REINFORCEMENT IS OBLIGATORY

THE INITIAL PART OF THE HEADS MUST BE WOUND

TOGETHER WITH THE CYLINDER TO GUARANTEE

IT REMAINING FIXED IN THE EVENT OF HEAVY CONDITIONS

THE WINDING MACHINE MUST HAVE A MOBILE RACK SUPPORT FOR THE

ROVING BOBBINS, TO ALLOW CORRECT TENSION FOR THE ROVING

5.6 MARKING AND INSTALLATION OF FITTINGS The tracing and drilling of the tank are done manually or using a robot.

The accessories (fittings), which must be positioned on the tank, can be in FRP, metal or in

another plastic material. They are fixed by welding (FRP lamination), adhesives or via

mechanical systems. In particular, nozzles, manholes and everything which comes into

contact with the product, wherever this is aggressive, must be manually laminated internally

and externally using glass fibre and anticorrosive resins.


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STAFF ASSIGNED TO THE LAMINATION OF THE FITTINGS

IS QUALIFIED BY THE TÜV

5.7 FINISHING An FRP tank must have an external layer applied to protect it from atmospheric agents

and UV rays.

This protective layer is produced by spraying on an Isophtalic-based gelcoat containing

additives to protect against UV rays.

The thickness of this gelcoat must not be less than 0.3mm and must in any case be

sufficient to completely cover all the fibres emerging from the mechanically-resistant

layer.

5.8 POST- CURE An FRP tank must undergo a thermal post-hardening treatment using hot air.

This treatment, which must be carried out with controlled temperature and duration, has the

aim of perfecting the polymerization of the resin, guaranteeing the very best chemical and

mechanical performance of the product.

Recommended timings and temperatures are summarized in the following table:

Type of Resins Temperature (°C.) Duration (Hours) Iso/Orto 70 (-3/+5) 6 (-1/+2)

Bisfenolic 70 (-3/+5) 10 (-1/+2) 80 (-3/+5) 6 (-1/+2)

Vinylester 70 (-3/+5) 12 (-1/+2) 80 (-3/+5) 8 (-1/+2)


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The oven must feature a regulatory system – temperature recorder.

5.9 GALVANIZING METAL PARTS Below We report the “Selip standard” as regards the procedures and cycles of “hot

galvanizing” applicable to metallic surfaces, with particular reference to: support rings and

frames for silos and tanks, ladders and walkways and all the fittings supplied to finish off the

tank.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PHASES

The work and testing phases comply with the EN ISO 1461 European norm:

1. DEGREASING in appropriate solutions at a temperature of 50/60°C

2. PICKLING in Hydrochloric Acid solution (HCl)

3. WASHING in running water

4. FLUXING in an aqueous solution of Ammonium Chloride (2NH4Cl) and Zinc Chloride

(ZnCl)

5. PREHEATING in a drying oven at a temperature of 100/120°C

6. GALVANIZING by immersion in a bath of melted zinc at a controlled temperature of

440/450°C

7. COOLING naturally in air.

Table of Coating Thicknesses (EN ISO 1461)

Articles and Thicknesses Minimum Average Thickness of

Coating

Steel ≥ 6.0mm 85µm

3.0mm ≤ Steel < 6.0mm 70µm

1.5mm ≤ Steel < 3.0mm 55µm


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5.10 PAINTING OF METAL PARTS Below we report the standard adopted by SELIP.

The work and testing phases conform to the main European norms:

1. PREPARATION

- SANDING at SA 2.5 grade according to the “standard” SIS 055900.

- CLEANING with a dry compressed air jet.

2. APPLICATION OF THE PRIMER

- No.1 coat of Inorganic Zinc, thickness = 70µm.

3. APPLICATION OF THE INTERMEDIATE LAYER and FINISHING

- No.2 coats of Polyurethane Varnish in powder, thickness = (50 + 50) µm.

N.B. : - Total thickness = 170µm

- RAL colour to be defined on request of customer

6. CHECKS AND TEST-RUNS

SELIP, a company certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 quality system, guarantees

respect for the following minimum requisites relating to:

• Visual inspections and acceptance criteria ;

• Dimensional inspections according to construction tolerances ;

• Various final test-runs and related certification ;

• Check on raw materials and related certification.

In the following table, the references to the norms applied:

ASTM D2563 Visual defects and acceptance criteria EN 10204 Raw material certification EN ISO 13920 : 2000 General tolerances

6.1 CLASSIFICATION OF VISIBLE DEFECTS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

Below are described and illustrated the most common visible defects met in articles made

from FRP. Every part of the article must be visually inspected to verify its suitability and

establish a conclusive acceptance. The visible defects are classified by type and level of

acceptability as shown in Table 1 below.

The level or levels of acceptability are indicated in the relevant test-run documents and, in

some cases may be indicated on the article’s drawing.

The levels of acceptability taken into consideration in the final test-run on the article are thr

Level 2 for liner and Level 3 for the mechanical reinforcement .


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TABLE 1

Type of Definition of Ref. LEVELS OF ACCEPTABILITY Defect Defect fig. n° Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Open air bubbles in the Liner

Open air bubbles, present on the surface of the Liner that will come into contact with the product

1 None None None

Air bubbles in the Laminate

Areas with air bubbles enclosed by the Laminate, of a generally spherical shape and of varying dimensions

2 None N° 6 Bubbles maximum dimension 5 mm, on a surface examined of 0.5 m²

N° 12 Bubbles maximum dimension 10 mm, on a surface examined of 1 m²

Foreign body in the Laminate

Foreign bodies enclosed by the Laminate of the article

3 None Maximum n° 4 with maximum dimension of 3 mm

Maximum n° 6 with maximum dimension of 5 mm

Delamination of the Stratification

Separation of the layers of fibre-glass of the Laminate

4 None None None

Delamination due to mech. work

Circumscribed separation of the Laminate of the layers di fibre-glass due to mechanical operations

5 None Maximum dimension admissible = 15 mm

Maximum dimension admissible = 30 mm

Glass fibres protruding (exterior)

Areas where the fibres have not been impregnated, and are sticking out of the exterior surface

6 None Maximum n° 2 areas with maximum area of 0.04 m²

Maximum n° 4 areas with maximum area of 0.1 m²

Glass fibres protruding (interior)

Areas where the fibres have not been impregnated, and are sticking out of the interior surface

7 None None None

Scorching of the Lamination of Flanged Attachments

Obvious effect due to an exothermic reaction leading to changes in colour, deformation and decomposition of the Laminate

8 None None None

Inadequately impregnated areas

Areas of the Laminate where the fibre-glass is inadequately impregnated

9 None Maximum n° 4 areas with maximum dimension of 20 mm

Maximum n° 8 areas with maximum dimension of 50 mm

Transverse Fractures

Fracture in the stratification visible also from the other side that extends through the entire thickness of the Laminate

10 None None None

Surface cracks (spider’s web)

Superficial craquelure of the resin that does not involve the entire thickness of the Laminate

11 None None on cylinder and base; top Max w.=35 mm

On cylinder and base Max w.=10 mm ; top Max w.=70 mm

Unprotected cut surfaces (internal)

Cut surfaces inside the article of pure resin, which present unprotected fibre-glass

12 None None None

Surface irregularity

Presence on the surface of the article of craters, protuberances (lumps of resin) and knots of glass roving

13 None Maximum n° 5 areas with maximum dimension of 10 mm.

Maximum n° 10 areas with maximum dimension of 15 mm.

Internal runs Presence of obvious runs of resin on the surface inside the article

14 None None None

External runs Presence of obvious runs of resin and/or protective Gel-Coat

15 None Maximum n° 5 areas. Maximum n° 10 areas.

Transverse Cracks

Cracking that involves the entire thickness of the laminate, due to extraction from the mould when not perfectly polymerised.

16 None None None


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REPRESENTATION OF VISIBLE DEFECTS

Fig. 1 – Open air bubbles in the Liner Repair procedure

Grind the surface with the air bubbles including a surrounding area of about 50mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: • apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed

resin followed by a layer of glass Mat type “E” of 300/450 g/m²;

• impregnate the layer of Mat with resin and roll to eliminate any air present;

• apply a layer of glass Surfacing type “C” of 30 g/m² impregnated with resin;

• with the resin still wet, apply to the repair a layer of detaching film (e.g. Mylar);

• allow to harden (about 2 hours) and remove the detaching film.

Fig. 2 – Air bubbles in the Laminate Repair procedure Grind the surface with the air bubbles including a surrounding area of about 30mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: • apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed

resin followed by a layer of glass Mat type “E” of 300/450 g/m²;





Fig. 3 – Foreign bodies in the Laminate Repair procedure

Grind the area with the “foreign bodies”, including a surrounding area of about 30mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows:

• apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed resin followed by a layer of glass Mat type “E” of 300/450 g/m² impregnated with resin. Roll to eliminate any air present;



In the event of heavy grinding (4-5 mm) the repair must be done in two phases.


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Fig. 4 – Delamination of the Stratification Repair procedure A repair of delamination of the stratification of limited dimensions (about 250mm in diameter) is carried out by injecting some catalysed resin under vacuum between the delaminated layers. Proceed as follows: • make 2 holes opposite each other of Ø 6-8 mm, as near as

possible to the perimeter of the delamination; • insert a vacuum tube into one hole and start to suck out the air• inject catalysed resin into the other hole using a syringe until

the delamination is completely filled; • allow the resin to harden for about 2 hours.

Fig. 5 – Delamination due to mechanical work

Repair procedure

Remove the delaminated areas including a surrounding area of about 10mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows:

• apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed resin followed by one or more layers of glass Mat type “E” of 300/450 g/m²;





Fig. 6 – Glass fibres protruding (exterior) Repair procedure Remove the fibres protruding from the stratification, using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and where necessary apply a layer of gel-coat or paraffined resin (for exterior finishing).

Fig. 7 – Glass fibres protruding (interior) Repair procedure Remove the fibres protruding from the stratification, including a surrounding area of about 20mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and use a brush to apply a layer of paraffined resin (for internal finishing).


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Fig. 8 – Scorching (delamination) of the lamination of Flanged Attachments

Repair procedure

Remove the delaminated areas including a surrounding area of about 20mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: • apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed

resin followed by one or more layers of glass Mat type “E” of 300/450 g/m²;


• allow to harden for about two hours. In the event of deep delamination (4-5mm) the repair must be done in two phases

Fig. 9 – Inadequately impregnated areas

Repair procedure

Grind the inadequately impregnated surface, including a surrounding area of about 50mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: • apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed



• allow to harden for about two hours. In the event of deep delamination (4-5mm) the repair must be done in two phases.

Fig. 10 – Transverse Fractures Repair procedure

The repair of transverse fractures is carried out in two distinct phases, i.e.: a repair of the Liner followed by the exterior.

Grind the fractures in the Liner including a surrounding area of about 50mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: • apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed resin

followed by one or more layers of glass Mat type “E” of 300/450 g/m²; • impregnate the layer of Mat with resin and roll to eliminate any air

present; • apply a layer of glass Surfacing type “C” of 30 g/m² impregnated with

resin; • with the resin still wet, apply to the repair a layer of detaching film (e.g.

Mylar); • allow to harden (about 2 hours) and remove the detaching film. Grind the fractures in the exterior layer as above, carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as above by applying layers of 450 g/m² Mat to reach the thickness removed. Allow to harden for about 2 hours and clean the laminated areas with abrasive tools.


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Fig. 11 – Surface cracks (spider’s web) Repair procedure

Grind the area with the “surface cracks”, including a surrounding area of about 30mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows:

• apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed resin followed by one or more layers of glass Mat type “E” of 300/450 g/m². Impregnate the layer of Mat with resin and roll to eliminate any air present;



Allow to harden (about 2 hours) and remove the detaching film.

In the event of deep delamination (4-5mm) the repair must be done in two phases.

Fig. 12 – Unprotected cut surfaces Repair procedure Sand down the cut and/or ground surfaces using abrasive paper. Carefully clean the sanded areas and use a brush to apply a layer of paraffined resin.

Fig. 13 – Surface irregularity Repair procedure Remove the surface irregularity - usually to be found on the outside of stratification - including a surrounding area of about 50mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and where necessary use a brush to apply a layer of paraffined resin (for external finishing).

Fig. 14 – Internal runs Repair procedure Remove the runs of resin from the inside of the stratification, including a surrounding area of about 20mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and use a brush to apply a layer of paraffined resin (for internal finishing).


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Fig. 15 – External runs Repair procedure Remove the runs of gel-coat from the outside of the stratification, including a surrounding area of about 20mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and use a brush (or a spray) to apply a layer of gel-coat (for external finishing).

Fig. 16 – Transverse Cracks Repair procedure

The repair of transverse cracks is carried out in two distinct phases, i.e.: a repair of the Liner followed by the exterior.

Grind the cracks in the Liner including a surrounding area of about 50mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: • apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed






Grind the cracks in the exterior layer as above, carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as above by applying layers of 450 g/m² Mat to reach the thickness removed. Allow to harden for about 2 hours and clean the laminated areas with abrasive tools.

6.2 TOLERANCE Selip products conform to that indicated in the EN 13920 norms as regards construction

tolerance.

In particular:

• Linear Tolerance – according to classes D and B of EN 13920

• Angular Tolerance – according to class D of EN 13920

See the following schematizations:


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6.3 TEST EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS

Instruments for testing must be tared and SIT certified

Checks on the thickness of the tank must be carried out with ultrasound instruments

tared immediately before the test on a representative sample of the type of laminate

7. PREPARATION FOR SHIPPPING Fittings must be protected by flanged covers which avoid damaging the external face

The tank must be fixed to the trailer by using cloth bands and blocked by wooden wedges to stop

it from rolling or shifting

THE USE OF STEEL CABLES AND CHAINS IS FORBIDDEN


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8. TECHNICAL AND TEST- RUN DOCUMENTATION Technical and test-run documentation can be supplied in Italian, English or German and

at the times and in the ways foreseen by the contract.

LIST OF DOCUMENTS L E V 1

L E V 2

L E V 3

STANDARD

CONSTRUCTION DRAWING PRODUCED BY AUTOCAD, FEATURING : • CONSTRUCTION DETAILS • TABLE OF FITTINGS • LIST OF MATERIALS • DESIGN AND WORKING CONDITION • INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONCRETE BASE

X

X

X

ON PAYMENT

REPORT ON TANK CALCULATIONS WITH : • INSPECTION OF THEORETICAL THICKNESSES • CALCULATION OF TANK STABILITY UNDER CONDITIONS OF

PRESSURE, UNDER-PRESSURE, EXTERNAL LOADS • INSPECTION OF THE ANCHORAGE

X

ON REQUEST

LOADS ON THE BASE IN THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS : • TANK IN USE • WIND • EARTHQUAKE

X

X

ON REQUEST DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY X X

ON REQUEST INSPECTION AND FINAL TEST-RUN PLAN / QIP SELIP X X

ON REQUEST VISUAL / DIMENSIONAL TEST CERTIFICATE

• WORK CHECKS – VISUAL INSPECTION • DIMENSIONAL CHECK

X

X

ON PAYMENT CERTIFICATE OF POLYMERIZATION / BARCOL TEST X

ON REQUEST MATERIAL CERTIFICATES X X

ON PAYMENT HYDRAULIC TEST CERTIFICATES X

ON PAYMENT CALCINATION TEST CERTIFICATE (GLASS / RESIN RELATIONSHIP) X

ON PAYMENT GASCHROMATOGRAPHY TEST CERTIFICATE (STYROL RESIDUE) X

ON REQUEST RESULTS OF MECHANICAL TESTS ON SELIP LAMINATES X X

ON REQUEST LAMINATOR / WELDER CERTIFICATES (TÜV OF MUNICH) X X

ON REQUEST CERTIFICATION OF THE FACTORY (TÜV OF MUNICH) X X

STANDARD

USER’S AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL,WITH THE FOLLOWING SUBJECTS : • IDENTIFICATION DATA • GENERAL INFORMATION • TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS, TANK DENOMINATION,

PRODUCTS CONTAINED • TRANSPORT, UNLOADING, STORAGE, INSPECTION, MOVING • INSTALLATION, CHECK ON BASE, CONNECTION TO EXTERNAL

PIPES • USE OF TANK, OPERATOR POSITION, GUARANTEES • CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE, INTERNAL CHECKS, CLEANING

OF WORK AREAS • PERIODIC CHECKSI, GENERAL WARNINGS, ORDINARY

MAINTENANCE, EXTRAORDINARY MAINTENANCE • DISMANTLING AND DEMOLITION • SPARES

X X X

ON PAYMENT OTHER TESTS / TEST-RUNS X


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9. GARANTEES The manufacturer must guarantee that he has the necessary skills and give the

commercial guarantees to supply the goods ordered, at least :

9.1 TECHNICAL GUARANTEES (SKILLS) • Quality system certificate for at least 10 years ;

• TÜV-certified production facilities ;

• TÜV-certified staff for the lamination of fittings ;

• The presence of an internal technical office. The Technical Director shall be a registered

engineer ;

• The presence of an internal office for quality assurance and control ;

• An adequate department for customer assistance and service management ;

• The possibility of handling orders and correspondence in Italian, English, German, and

French ;

• Plants which conform to the safety norms in force

9.2 COMMERCIAL GUARANTEES

• The supplier must be classified with rating “A” according to the Basilea 2 regulations ;

• The minimum turnover of the supplier must be 7 million Euros ;

• The minimum net assets of the supplier must be equal to 1.5 million Euros ;

• The supplier must produce insurance policies with maximum coverage :

Product Policy minimum € 2,500,000 per mishap

Civil Responsibility Policy minimum € 3,000,000 per mishap

Transport Policy minimum equal to the goods transported

• The Product Policies must guarantee the product for a minimum of 24 months from the

date of delivery

FRP Tank Selip Technical Specification

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