Fascio La Hepatica

8/18/2019 Fascio La Hepatica

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Fasciola hepaticaFasciola hepatica

Sarah RichardsSarah Richards

Max KarpyakMax Karpyak


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Scientifc ClassifcationScientifc Classifcation

Kingdom: AnimaliaKingdom: Animalia

Phylum: PlatyhelminthesPhylum: Platyhelminthes

Class: TrematodaClass: TrematodaSubclass: igeneaSubclass: igenea

Prder !chinostomidaPrder !chinostomida

"amily: "asciolidea"amily: "asciolidea#enus:#enus: FasciolaFasciola

Species:Species:hepiticahepitica


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#eneral $n%ormation#eneral $n%ormation

& Commonly kno'n as li(er )ukeCommonly kno'n as li(er )uke& A parasitic )at'ormA parasitic )at'orm


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#eographical istribution#eographical istribution

& "ound in Rural areas o%"ound in Rural areas o%temperate and tropicaltemperate and tropicalregionsregions

& !specially located in!specially located inregions 'ith cattle andregions 'ith cattle andsheep herdingsheep herding

& "ound on e(ery"ound on e(erycontinent 'ith nearlycontinent 'ith nearly*+, million people at*+, million people atrisk and an estimatedrisk and an estimated-./ million people-./ million peoplealready in%ectedalready in%ected'orld'ide.'orld'ide.


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Transmission Transmission

& 0ccurs through the ingestion o% ra'1 %resh0ccurs through the ingestion o% ra'1 %resh'ater (egetation'ater (egetation

& Plants become exposed to thePlants become exposed to the metacercariaemetacercariae 'hen the body o% 'ater that the (egetation is'hen the body o% 'ater that the (egetation isgro'ing in becomes contaminated by eggs ingro'ing in becomes contaminated by eggs inthe %ecal mater o% the in%ested hostthe %ecal mater o% the in%ested host

& A %orm o% in%ection kno'n as hal2oun 3in the& A %orm o% in%ection kno'n as hal2oun 3in theMiddle !ast4 is contracted by eating the ra'Middle !ast4 is contracted by eating the ra'

li(er o% an in%ected animalli(er o% an in%ected animal


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MorphologyMorphology

& Adult has a )at lea)ikeAdult has a )at lea)ikebodybody

& About -,&5, mm longAbout -,&5, mm longby +&*6 mm 'ideby +&*6 mm 'ide

& 7as an anterior7as an anteriorelongation 'here oralelongation 'here oraland (entral suckersand (entral suckers

are locatedare located& $ntestines are (ery$ntestines are (ery

branchedbranched


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7osts7osts

& Cattle& Cattle

& SheepSheep

& Sometimes humansSometimes humans


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8i%e Cycle8i%e Cycle


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8i%e Cycle 3Cont9d48i%e Cycle 3Cont9d4

& The adult The adult F. hepaticaF. hepatica li(es in bile ducts o% theli(es in bile ducts o% thehost9s li(erhost9s li(er

& egin to produce eggs -&/ months a%ter initialegin to produce eggs -&/ months a%ter initialin%ectionin%ection& !ggs pass do'n the bile duct through gastrointestinal!ggs pass do'n the bile duct through gastrointestinal

tract and are released in the hosts %ecestract and are released in the hosts %eces

& Re;uire 'ater o% temperature abo(e *, C to hatchRe;uire 'ater o% temperature abo(e *, C to hatch

& The egg hatches and releases The egg hatches and releases miracidiaemiracidiae 'ithin t'o'ithin t'o'eeks'eeks

& These ne'ly hatched These ne'ly hatched miracidiaemiracidiae must fnd a 8ymanaemust fnd a 8ymanaesnail host 'ithin -/ o% hatching or they 'ill diesnail host 'ithin -/ o% hatching or they 'ill die


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& $nside the 8ymanaea miracidium loses its cilia$nside the 8ymanaea miracidium loses its ciliaand de(elops into aand de(elops into a sporocystsporocyst

& !ach sporocyst de(elops into a!ach sporocyst de(elops into a ridiaridia 'hich then'hich then

burst the sporocyst and migrate to the hepato&burst the sporocyst and migrate to the hepato&pancreas o% the snailpancreas o% the snail& RidiaRidia then de(elop intothen de(elop into cercariaecercariae& CercariaeCercariae attach to plant matter and encyst1attach to plant matter and encyst1

%orming%orming metacercariaemetacercariae 'hich is the in%ecti(e'hich is the in%ecti(e

%orm o% the )uke%orm o% the )uke& Mammalian host consumes the (egetation 'ithMammalian host consumes the (egetation 'ith

thethe metacercariaemetacercariae 'hich then excyst in the'hich then excyst in thesmall intestinesmall intestine


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& MetacercariaeMetacercariae burro' through theburro' through theintestinal 'all1 mo(e through the peritonealintestinal 'all1 mo(e through the peritoneal

ca(ity and enter the li(er parenchymaca(ity and enter the li(er parenchyma

& $mmature )ukes migrate through the li(er$mmature )ukes migrate through the li(erpatanchyma %or


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http://www.cdfound.to.it/hTML/fh2a.htm


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"our Symptomatic Patterns"our Symptomatic Patterns

& Acute PhaseAcute Phase

& Cronic PhaseCronic Phase

& 7al2oun7al2oun

& !ctopic $n%ection!ctopic $n%ection


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Acute PhaseAcute Phase

& Rarely seen in humansRarely seen in humans& "e(er1 tender hepatomegaly1 and"e(er1 tender hepatomegaly1 and

abdominal pain are %re;uentabdominal pain are %re;uentsymptoms.symptoms.

& =omiting1 diarrhea1 and anemia may=omiting1 diarrhea1 and anemia may

also be presentalso be present


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Cronic PhaseCronic Phase

& More common in human populationMore common in human population& Symptoms include: bilary cholic1 abdominalSymptoms include: bilary cholic1 abdominal

pain1 tender hepatomegaly1 and >aundicepain1 tender hepatomegaly1 and >aundice& $n children: se(ere anemia is common$n children: se(ere anemia is common& $n)ammation o% the bile ducts e(entually$n)ammation o% the bile ducts e(entually

leads to fbrosis and a condition calledleads to fbrosis and a condition called

?pipestem li(er@?pipestem li(er@

& Se(ere in%ections can lead to deathSe(ere in%ections can lead to death


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7al2oun !ctopic $n%ection7al2oun !ctopic $n%ection

& 0ccurs 'hen an0ccurs 'hen anindi(idual consumesindi(idual consumesin%ected ra' li(erin%ected ra' li(er

& The adult 'orms can The adult 'orms cancause considerablecause considerablepain1 edema1 andpain1 edema1 andbleeding that canbleeding that caninter%ere 'ithinter%ere 'ithrespirationrespiration

& Adults can li(e inAdults can li(e inbiliary ducts and causebiliary ducts and causesymptoms %or up to *,symptoms %or up to *,years.years.

& $n %re;uent1 but can& $n %re;uent1 but canoccur in peritonealoccur in peritonealca(ity1 intestinal 'all1ca(ity1 intestinal 'all1lungs1 subcutaneouslungs1 subcutaneoustissue1 and (ery rarelytissue1 and (ery rarelyin other locations.in other locations.


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iagnostic Testsiagnostic Tests

& Most 'idely used %orm o% diagnosis is the directlyMost 'idely used %orm o% diagnosis is the directlyobser(ed presence o% ". hepatica eggs either in aobser(ed presence o% ". hepatica eggs either in astool sample1 duodenal aspirate or biliary aspiratestool sample1 duodenal aspirate or biliary aspirate

& "lukes do not begin to produce eggs until about /"lukes do not begin to produce eggs until about /months a%ter in%ection1 so you cannot test the stoolmonths a%ter in%ection1 so you cannot test the stool& Prior to / months: serological tests can be usedPrior to / months: serological tests can be used

& "AST&!8$SA 3most popular4"AST&!8$SA 3most popular4

& Bltrasound can be used to (isuali2e adult )ukes inBltrasound can be used to (isuali2e adult )ukes inthe bile ductsthe bile ducts

& CT scan can re(eal burro' tracts made by theCT scan can re(eal burro' tracts made by the'orms'orms


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Treatment Treatment

& Many countries use a 6&*, day course o%Many countries use a 6&*, day course o%oral bithionol at 5,mgkg body 'eightoral bithionol at 5,mgkg body 'eight

& Triclabenda2ole is a pre%erred antihelmintic Triclabenda2ole is a pre%erred antihelminticagent1 but is una(ailable in most countries.agent1 but is una(ailable in most countries.

& The resistance is rising to this drug The resistance is rising to this drug

& Along 'ith pharmaceutical therapy1Along 'ith pharmaceutical therapy1surgery may be necessary in (ery extremesurgery may be necessary in (ery extremecases to clear the biliary tractcases to clear the biliary tract


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Control MethodsControl Methods

& !ducation!ducation& Molluscicides: application o%Molluscicides: application o%

malluscicides to decrease themalluscicides to decrease thepopulation o% 8ymnaea snailspopulation o% 8ymnaea snails

& ChemotherapyChemotherapy


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Re(ie' DuestionsRe(ie' Duestions

& *.*. Ehat is the a(erage si2e o% an adultEhat is the a(erage si2e o% an adult F. hepatica?F. hepatica?a.a. -, mm x 6mm-, mm x 6mm

b.b.

5, mm x *5 mm5, mm x *5 mm

c.c. *, mm x 6 mm*, mm x 6 mm

-. Ehat continent can-. Ehat continent can F. HepaticaF. Hepatica be %oundFbe %oundF

a.a. A%ricaA%rica

b.b. AsiaAsiac.c. AmericaAmerica

d.d. All o% the abo(eAll o% the abo(e


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Re(ie' 3Cont9d4Re(ie' 3Cont9d4

& 5. Ehat is the most eGecti(e 'ay to treat5. Ehat is the most eGecti(e 'ay to treat%ascioliasisF%ascioliasisF

a. bithionola. bithionol

b. )agylb. )agyl

c. triclabenda2olec. triclabenda2ole


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Re%erencesRe%erences

& ??"ascioliasis@ Retrie(ed: -*H-,,I"ascioliasis@ Retrie(ed: -*H-,,Ihttp:'''.stan%ord.educlasshumbio*,5%ahttp:'''.stan%ord.educlasshumbio*,5%ascioliasis"asciola.htmscioliasis"asciola.htm

& ??"asciola hepatica.@ Eikipedia1 %ree"asciola hepatica.@ Eikipedia1 %reeencyclopedia. Retrie(ed: -*H-,,Iencyclopedia. Retrie(ed: -*H-,,Ihttp:en.'ikipedia.org'iki"asciolaJhepathttp:en.'ikipedia.org'iki"asciolaJhepaticaica

& ??"asciola hepatica.@ Retrie(ed: -*H-,,I"asciola hepatica.@ Retrie(ed: -*H-,,Ihttp:'''.cd%ound.to.ithtml%as*.htmhttp:'''.cd%ound.to.ithtml%as*.htm
http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/fascioliasis/Fasciola.htmhttp://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/fascioliasis/Fasciola.htmhttp://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/fascioliasis/Fasciola.htmhttp://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/fascioliasis/Fasciola.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciola_hepaticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciola_hepaticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciola_hepaticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciola_hepaticahttp://www.cdfound.to.it/html/fas1.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/html/fas1.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/html/fas1.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciola_hepaticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciola_hepaticahttp://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/fascioliasis/Fasciola.htmhttp://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/fascioliasis/Fasciola.htm

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