Democrazie. La crisi della democrazia rappresentativa e l’emergere della democrazia

partecipativaby

Donatella della PortaEuropean University Institute

Delegata Partecipativa

maggioritaria Democrazia liberale

Democrazia partecipativa

consensuale Democrazia liberale deliberativa

Democrazia partecipativa e deliberativa

Crisi di cosa? 4 modelli di democrazia

Fiducia di chi: Mario Monti, agosto 2012 “questo

tipo di affermazioni fanno crescere lo spread””.

Mario Monti,, Novembre 2012 “Io rispondo ai mercati

Si fidano molto o abbastanza

Proteste su

lavoro

Proteste pace

Popolazione

italiana

(demos)

Anti G8 protesta in 2001

Parlamento 5.9 7.6 8.9 19.5

partiti 6.6 5.7 3.9 26.2

sindacato 33.1 26.9 27.2 43.7

Judiziario 57.1 52.7 41.6 -

Fiducia nelle istituzioni: 2011

Social group%

Workers 47.3Students 21.8Citizen/s (in general) 13.6Women 10.9Precarious workers 10.0Immigrants or ethnic minorities 10.0Others 20.0Total (N) 147

Type of social group involved in protest events in Italy in 2011

democrazia liberale: corruzione di sistema

the Indignados “We know very well that whoever has or will in the future be in government will never be on the people’s side, nobody has ever listened to our needs, and in this system nobody ever will.”

Corruption pollutes the processes of politics, threatens the standing and the credibility of institutions, pollutes and seriously distorts the economy, sucks resources destined for the good of the community, corrodes civic responsibility and democratic culture itself” (Libera)”

Per i diritti e la partecipazione

There are fundamental rights that should be protected in these societies: the right to housing, work, culture, health, education, political participation, free personal development and consumers’ rights to access to those goods necessary for a healthy and happy life (Real democracy now)

“And only participation can restore dignity and value to a new politics, capable of carrying the country out of the

disaster. All this is possible” (Forum dell’acqua)

D’accordo molto o abbastanza Manifes

tazioni

lavoro

Manifest

azione

pace

La mia partecipazione può avere un

impatto sulle scelte politiche in questo

paese

66.2 72.0

Gruppi organizzati di cittadini possono

avere un considerevole impatto sulle

scelte polituche in questo paese

75.6 78.8

Se i cittadini di diversi paesi agiscono

collettivamente la loro azione può essere

molto efficace

79.2 84.5

Molto d’accordo

O d’accordo

Manifest

azioni su

lavoro

Manifestazioni

su pace

Locale 63.1 63.3

Nazioanle 45.6 59.5

EU 63.5 82.2

Globalelili.torok@gmail.com 42.3 76.9

Che livello di governo andrebbe rafforzato per raggiungere gli obiettivi della protesta

“perchè la piaza ci appartiene ed è un luogo di una nuova democrazia, comunitaria e partecipativa”:

Participation: inclusion, equality, horizontality…

Deliberation: search for the public good, dialogue, preference transformation, diversity…

In free spaces

Contingent consent

“contingent consent entails unwillingness to offer rulers, however well elected, blank checks. It implies the threat that if they do not perform in accordance with citizens’ expressed collective will, citizens will not only turn them out but also withdraw compliance from such risky government-run activities as military service, jury duty, and tax collection” (Tilly 2007, 94).

Rosanvallon’s counter-democracy: Organizing distrust

If mistrust is the disease, it might be part of the cure as well as “a complex assortment of practical measures, checks and balances, and informal as well as institutional social counter-powers has evolved in order to compensate for the erosion of confidence, and to do so by organizing distrust” (Rosanvallon, p. 4).

Conclusion1: a search for politics and social justice

The explosion of social inequalities even in advanced democracy is not only a cause of economic crisis, given reduced consumption and saving, but also a challenge for the image of political equality—the 1% against the 99%

a request of politics as capable to reduce economic inequalities and their inefficiencies together with un-fairness.

Conclusion/2: inequality, trust and democracyAs Tilly notes (2007, 110), “social inequality

impedes democratization and undermines democracy under two conditions: first, the crystallization of continuous differences … into everyday categorical differences by race, gender, class, ethnicity, religion and similar broad groupings, second, the direct translation of those categorical difference into public policies”.