3 Luglio 2006LHCf – CSN1 CataniaO. Adriani Status report di LHCf O. Adriani Catania, CSN1, 3...

3 Luglio 2006 LHCf – CSN1 Catania O. Adriani

Status report di LHCfO. Adriani

Catania, CSN1, 3 Luglio 2006

• Un po’ di storia – Technical reportTDRApprovazione di LHCC

• Struttura finale del rivelatore

• Prossimi passi

• Situazione finanziaria


Letter Of Intent: May 2004Technical report: September 2005Technical Design Report: February 2006

•The physics goals are worthwhile and the proposed experiment appears suited to achieve them

•A few key issues require immediate consideration, and documentation in the update of the TP:

•establish official contact with the relevant structures in the AT/AB departments,

as well as in ATLAS etc…

•appoint a technical coordinator (possibly located at CERN?)

•consider and document safety issues•On the other hand: the TP is not sufficiently detailed and fails to provide a solid and

compelling evidence that the above expectations are justified

LHCC October 2005 comments:

TDR was released to answer to these questions


LHCf Technical Design ReportCERN-LHCC-2006-004

LHCF-TDR-0017 February 2006

Measurement of Photons and Neutral Pions in the Very Forward Region of LHC

O. Adriani(1), L. Bonechi(1), M. Bongi(1), R. D’Alessandro(1), D.A. Faus(2),

M. Haguenauer(3), Y. Itow (4), K. Kasahara(5), K. Masuda(4), Y. Matsubara(4), H. Menjo(4), Y. Muraki(4), P. Papini(1), T. Sako(4), T. Tamura(6), S. Torii(7), A. Tricomi(8), W.C. Turner(9), J. Velasco(2) , K. Yoshida(6)

The LHCf collaboration

(1) INFN Firenze, Univ. di Firenze, Firenze, Italy (2) IFIC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UVEG, Valencia, Spain (3) Ecole-Polytechnique, Paris, France (4) STE laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan (5) Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan (6) Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan (7) RISE, Waseda Univ., Tokyo, Japan (8) INFN Catania, Univ. di Catania, Catania, Italy (9) LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA


• TDR was presented in the March 2006 LHCC Open Session• LHCC discussed TDR in the Closed sessions of March and May 2006• ‘The LHCC reccomends the LHCf TDR for approval’ (Cern/LHCC 2006-

025/G-116, 7 June 2006)

To minimize the impact of LHCf on LHC commissioning the following conditions have been defined in agreement with the LHC commissioning working group:

• LHCf is installed during scheduled stops before the pilot physics run. • LHCf detectors will not move. • No particular requirements on beam conditions and no beam steering for LHCf will be requested. • It is possible to remove LHCf within a day and to schedule this such that no extra downtime for the machine is required. • It should be possible for the machine group to perform tests with crossing angles up to ±200 μrad and orbit offsets up to 1 mm at the IP without constraint from LHCf.

The final details of the installation and operation schedule will be reviewed at a later stage, once the overall schedule and planning of the commissioning run will have been finalized.

Despite the technical limitations of the proposed detectors, as outlined in Section 3 the LHCC finds the technologies adopted for the various components of the LHCf experiment adequate to achieve the physics goals stated in the Technical Proposal and congratulates the LHCf Collaboration for the effort, which went into the preparations for this document. The LHCC recommends the LHCf TDR for approval.


• The dominant contribution to the energy flux is in the very forward region ( 0)

• In this forward region the highest energy available measurements of 0 cross section were done by UA7 (E=1014 eV, y = 5÷7)

Development of atmospheric showers

Simulation of an atmospheric shower due to a 1019 eV proton.

The direct measurement of the production cross section as function of pT is essential to correctly

estimate the energy of the primary cosmic rays (LHC: 1017 eV)


INTERACTION POINT

Beam line

Detector II

Tungsten

Scintillator

Silicon strips

Detector I

Tungsten

Scintillator

Scintillating fibers

140 m 140 m

1. Redundancy2. Background rejection (especially beam-gas)

Experimental Method:2 independent detectors on both sides of

IP

IP1 (Atlas region) was definitely chosen in October 2005


The TAN and LHCf

marbleshielding

manipulator

boxes for DAQ electronic

box ~ (15×15×40) cm3

IP1 (Atlas region) was definitely chosen in October 2005


ARM #1 detector

scintillators

tungsten layers

scintillating fibers

- 2 towers (2.02.0cm2 and 4.04.0 cm2)• ~47 r.l. (22 2.1 r.l. tungsten layers)• 16 scintillator layers (3 mm thick)

- 4 pairs of scintillating fiber layers for tracking purpose (two orthogonal directions)

Energy

Impact point ()


ARM #2 detector

silicon layers

scintillators

tungsten layers

- 2 towers (2.52.5cm2 and 3.53.5 cm2)• 44 r.l. (22 2 r.l. tungsten layers)• 16 scintillator layers (3 mm thick)

- 4 pairs of silicon microstrip layers for tracking purpose (X and Y directions)

Energy

Impact point ()

See TDR for details…

We used LHC styleelectronics and readout


Detector #2 (Old geometry)

4 cm

3 cm

2 cm

6.4 cm

6.4

cm

W +Sci

Silicon

Beam center


Transverse projection of detector #2 in the TAN slot

Maximization of the acceptance in R (distance from beam center)


The mechanics of the module

Silicon sensor

Hybrid circuitPace Chips

Kapton fanout

SiliconX SiliconYTungsten

Light Guides+

Scintillators

25 mm


Readout electronicsLHC style electronics (Many thanks to CMS!!!!)

DOHGOLCCUPLLQPLL…

PACE3 chips (CMS preshower)

We have developed•Hybrid circuit (Left+Right)•Mother Board (Logic)•Adc Piggy Back board

DAQ: GOL + Gbit ethernet


LHCf physics measurements

1. Single photon spectrum2. 0 fully reconstructed (1 in each tower)

0 reconstruction is an important tool for energy calibration (0 mass constraint)

Basic concept: • minimum 2 towers (0 reconstruction)• Smallest tower on the beam (multiple hits)• Dimension of the tower Moliere radius• Maximum acceptance (given the LHC constraints)

Simulation is used to understand the physics performances

Beam test in Summer 2004 (Energy resolution)


Development of showers in Arm #2E γ= 500 GeV

Fluka basedsimulation


Position resolution of Arm #2 calorimeter

7 m for 1.8 TeV photons


Monte Carlo ray energy spectrum (5% Energy resolution is taken into account)

106 generated LHC interactions 1 minute exposure@1029 cm-2s-1 luminosity Discrimination between various models is feasible Quantitative

discrimination with the help of a properly defined 2 discriminating variable based on the spectrum shape (see TDR for details)


Energy spectrum of π 0 expected from different models(Typical energy resolution of is 3 % at 1TeV)


Model dependence of neutron energy distribution

Original n energy 30% energy resolution


Estimation of the background

• beam-beam pipe answered (on Nov.16),

E γ(signal) > 200 GeV, OKbackground < 1% (see details in TDR)

• beam-gas answered (on Nov.16)

It depends on the beam conditionbackground < 1% (under 10-10 Torr) (see details in TDR)

• beam halo-beam pipe It has been newly estimated from the beam loss rate Background < 10% (conservative value) (see details in TDR)


Background from the beam pipe


Support from CERN for Integration

We had (and we will have!) continuous meetings with CERN teams •General : TS/LEA•Integration: TS/IC •Cabling: TS/EL•Cooling: TS/CV•Survey (cabling): TS/SU•Safety: SG•Radiation protection: SC/RP•ATLAS, BRAN, ZDC teams

Engineering Change Request (ECR) has been submitted and approved:•Machine people are well informed about LHCf •No problems foreseen for the LHCf installation at the LHC startup•Main item to be discussed is the BRAN (LUMI) interference (see later)

Technical coordinator


Installation planA detailed installation plan has been agreed with TS/LEA

Arm #1: 128 days from May 2006 to November 2006•Cables tray Done

•Cables•Detector

•Manipulator•Electronics

•TestsArm #2: 210 days from May 2006 to February 2007, similar to #1

LHCf Arm #1 and #2 will be ready to take the first LHC data…..

(Beam test of the complete Arm #1 and part of the Arm #2 is foreseen August 28th, September 3rd at SPS)


LHCf and LUMI monitor (BRAN)LUMI monitor (BRAN) inside TAN is beyond LHCf (replacing 4th copper bar)

LHCfLumi

Cu Bar / ZDC

IP1

LHCfLumi

Cu Bar / ZDC

LHCf 44 X0 thicknessBut the thickness is not uniform (diamond shaped towers, no material outside towers)

LUMI Monitor see different thickness of material in different geometrical regions • different response as function of the impact point position (calibration is required)• reduction of the number of neutral particles hitting BRAN• possible dependence of the detector response as function of the beam position?

Result: If beam displacement is < a few mm, difference is < 10% LHCf itself can provide the center of neutral flux LHCf can give some info on Luminosity measurement


Optimal LHCf run conditions

• Beam parameters used for commissioning are good for LHCf!!!

Beam parameter

Value

# of bunches ≤ 43

Bunch separation

> 2 sec

Crossing angle

0 rad140 rad downward

Luminosity per bunch

< 2 x 1028 cm-2s-1

Luminosity < 0.8 x 1030 cm-2s-1

Bunch intensity

4x1010 ppb (*=18m)1x1010 ppb (*= 1m)( No radiation problem for 10kGy by a “year” operation with this luminosity )


LHCf possible running scenario

• Phase-I– Parasite running during the early stage of LHC commis

sioning in 2007 (450+450 TeV) and in 2008 (7+7 TeV)– Remove the detector when luminosity reaches 1030cm-

2s-1 level for radiation reason and reinstall the 3 Cu bars (no activation problems)

• Phase-II– Re-install the detector at the next opportunity of low lu

minosity run after removal of Cu bars (activated to 10-1 mSv/hr, manipulator?)

• Phase-III– Future extension for p-A, A-A run with upgraded detecto

rs.


Status of the silicon part

Silicon sensors In our hands

Preamplifiers (PACE3, Low cost solution)In our hands

Kapton fanouts and pitch adapters 50% in our hands50% in production

Hybrid circuitsFirst prototype ‘Left’ in our handsFinal prototype in production

MechanicsIn production in the Florence workshop

Detector side


Status of the silicon partElectronic side

All service chips from CMSin our hands

Adc Boards Prototype in our hands

Mother board (Logic)Protoype in our hand

DAQStandard Gbit ethernet foreseen


The hybrid and the cables

PACE3


The readout and ADC boards

QPLL

PLL

CCUM

ADC


Beam test (SPS August 2006)First module assembly for the beam test is under way

INFN Milestone!!!!We have everything in our hands to start assemblyJapan people will come in Florence on August 1th to integratethe Arm #2 calorimeter and the silicon module

Final productionIf test beam will be OK the remaining modules will be producedbefore the end of the 2006Ready for installation in February 2007 according to the LHCSchedule (and to INFN Milestones)Commissioning of the detector in February 2007 inside the TAN


E ora i soldi… (in italiano!)

Assegnazioni a settembre 2005 (escluse missioni + trasporti):Consumo: 15 k€ + 8 k€ SJ Apparati: 64 k€ + 5 k€ SJ Inventariabile: 0 k€ + 12 k€ SJ

Motivazioni Sub Judice:Consumo: ‘Assegnazione complessiva meccanica, elettronica e sviluppi…’Apparati: ‘Necessita definizione finale preamplificatori’ Inventariabile: ‘Possibilità di reperire ADC’

Sblocco Sub Judice:Dato che l’esperimento è stato approvato ed in fase di avanzata costruzione si chiede lo sblocco del Sub Judice per le voci di:Consumo (8 k€);Apparati (5 k€): per i preamplificatori è stata definitivamente adottata la soluzione ‘Low Cost’ (PACE3).


Il preventivo delle spese preventivate preparato a luglio 2006 è stato rispettato completamente.Le voci di spesa preventivate più rilevanti sono state:•Silici•Preamplificatori•Circuiti ibridi e fanout di Kapton•Schede ADC•Schede ReadOut

Per queste voci era stata assegnata una cifra complessiva (incluso il Sub Judice di cui si è chiesto lo sblocco) di 88 k€, ripartita tra consumo (19 k€ ) e apparati (69 k€).

Le spese già effettuate e previste nei prossimi mesi per queste voci sono risultate di 86 k€

Resoconto delle spese preventivate sostenute finora


Esigenze non previste precedentemente ai preventivi INFN del luglio 2005 dovute a richieste del personale CERN (TS/LEA, LHC) e a decisioni di LHCC

1. Non è possibile installare gli alimentatori nella zona del tunnel vicino all’area sperimentale (Counting Room USA15 di Atlas, a circa 200 m dalla zona sperimentale) acquisto di cavi in quantità rilevante (complessivamente oltre 20 km di cavi); la loro stesura nel tunnel di LHC.

2. Installazione e modifica delle infrastrutture nella zona della TAN installazione di prese per 220 V;

foratura della TAN per l’interfaccia meccanica di LHCf; modifica della documentazione CERN esistente per tenere conto dell’installazione di LHCf; studio della necessità di un sistema di raffreddamento ad acqua

Costi previsti:Cavi: 23 k€Stesura dei cavi nel tunnel: 22 k€Installazione prese 220 V: 2.5 k€Foratura TAN: 0.5 k€Modifica della documentazione: 1 k€Studio del cooling: 1 k€Totale 50 k€

Spese effettuate attraverso il CERN (materiale di magazzino e lavori pagati alle divisioni di supporto per gli esperimenti)Ripartizione al 50% tra Giappone (25 k€)e Italia (25 k€)

Si richiede la corrispondente assegnazione all’INFN (25 k€) sotto il capitolo ‘Costruzione apparati’, ripartita tra lo sblocco del Sub Judice di Inventariabile (12 k€) e una nuova

assegnazione (13 k€)

Spese non previste e richieste aggiuntive


Spares


Main problems in High Energy Cosmic Rays

(E>1015eV)

1. Composition

Xm

ax(g

/cm

2)

Energy (eV)2. Spectrum / GZK Cutoff


Single geometrical acceptance

Some runs with LHCf vertically shifted few cm will allow to cover the whole kinematical range


0 geometrical

acceptance

Arm #1

Arm #2


0 mass resolution

Arm #1E/E=5%200 m spatial resolution

m/m = 5%


Arm #1 Arm #2

H.Menjo

Relative change of the reduction factors for BRAN with respect to the nominal value (center of the beam: nominal one)

BRAN response vs beam position (2)

If the position of beam center stays within a few mm from the beam-pipe center, the reduction

factors do not change more than 10%

1 x 1 cm2

1 x 1 cm2


Determination of neutral flux center by LHCfLHCf can measure (and provide to LHC) the center of neutral flux from the collisions

Position sensitive layers

particles

If the center of the neutral flux hits LHCf << 1 mm resolution

Beam test result

~ 200m

3 Luglio 2006LHCf – CSN1 CataniaO. Adriani Status report di LHCf O. Adriani Catania, CSN1, 3...

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