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@b Qbstbrpfgttbg Emsshurm.

LgtgffgsLfhh` Gi` Auts

Lfhh` Gi` Auts

(Tmdmfmg)

7=04->1

7=04->:

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G`bfgitb, smbeprb g`bfgitb, jgstg dhisuemr bf ftmeh dgrtudjh y fg ftmeg

ahtg `b agshfmig. @bspus, g`bfgitb y g pmb.

Abhrab T. ^gtthi Kr.

Dhi bstgs pgfglrgs tbremih su grbiag stb Abibrgf dgfmohrimgih gfth y

ohrim`h, qub gdglglg `b pgsgr rbvmstg g fhs shf`g`hs qub mivg`mrgi fg

bstrgtamdg msfg eb`mtbrribg `b

Tmdmfmg.

Abhrab Temtj ^gtthi Kr.qub bi 7=04 tbig 21 ghs, oub uih `b fhs

ebkhrbs dhegi`gitbs ihrtbgebrmdgihs b fg Tbaui`g Aubrrg Eui`mgf,

g`bes `bf abibrgf gfmg`h es tbem`h phr bf egi`h gfbei. Brg uilrmffgitb bstrgtbag, y ui pbrshigkb dgrmsetmdh y bxtrgvgagitb, gegitb

`b fhs bfhamhs y gf qub bi eudjgs

hdgsmhibs fb austglg lfgsobegr bi plfmdh

y ehstrgrsb phftmdgebitb midhrrbdth.

@bobishr g uftrgizg `b fhs vgfhrbs

trg`mdmhigfbs, ^gtthi h`mglg g fhs

dhlgr`bs y bxmag smbeprb g sus trhpgs bfexmeh, smi mephrtgrfb fhs dhstbs

egtbrmgfbs im fg sgiarb `brrgeg`g. Bstb

dgrdtbr garbsmvh, vgfmbitb b mi`emth fb

jmzh sbr gph`g`h phr sus prhpmgs trhpgs

dheh

Lfhh` gi` Auts

Tgiarb yGagffgs

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: `b ihvmbelrb `b 7=0.>>> shf`g`hs ihrtbgebrmdgihs, `gi`h uig fbddmi `b deh sb

dhelgtb g ui th`gvg mibxpbrth bkrdmth ygiqum. Bf Abibrgf

ihrtbgebrmdgih Ffhy` Orb`bi`gff, gf egi`h bi `mdjg lgtgffg `b

Cgssbrmib, oub `bstmtum`h y rbbepfgzg`h phr ^gtthi, qumbi oub

gsdbi`m`h g Pbimbitb Abibrgf *** (7

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Egyhr Abibrgf ^gtthi obfmdmtg`h bi Pibz, `hi`b sb fb gsdbi`m g Pbimbitb Abibrgf,

fg 4 bstrbffg.

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^gtthi, bitr bi bf pubsth `bdm`m`h g dgelmgr fgs dhsgs y `behstrgr

fgs dgpgdm`g`bs `bf shf`g`h bstg`huim`bisb. @bs`b su ffbag`g, sb

`b`md g dhivbrtmr g su uim`g` bi uig uim`g` eh`bfh, rbhragimzi`hfg

y rb-bqumpi`hfg.^gtthi tgelmi bstglfbdm uig ram`g `msdmpfmig, dgstmagi`h

`rstmdgebitb dugfqumbr ogftg bi fg qub midurrmbrgi sus jhelrbs b

mitbismomdgi`h fhs `urhs bitrbigembiths. Fg `msdmpfmig mepubstg phr

^gtthi`mh sus oruths dugi`h, bf 7? `b egrzhsu uim`g` bidglbz

uig bxmthsg dhitrghobismvg `bstmig`g g gfmvmgr fg prbsmi qub bkbrdgi

fhs gtgqubs gfbegibs shlrb bf : Bkrdmth Lrmtimdh `b Lbrigr`

Ehitahebry.Bf @mvmsmi ^gizbr. _mbi`h

dheh bf oubah `bstrudthr `b grtmffbrg y gebtrgffg`hrg gimqumfglg g fhs

pgizbrarbig mbrqub gdhepgglgi g fhs tgiqubs gfbegibs, ^gtthi

bxdfgeh;

Ey Ah`, mt sbbes g drmeb th eur`br ahh` miogitry fmcb tjgt.

@mhs eh, pgrbdb ui drmebi egtgr g tgi lubig miogitbrg.

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4> b glrmf b 7=04, 0;

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Puelg bi Jubfvg `bf ogfsh Dhegi`gitb Qmffmge Egrtmi

bf jhelrb qub iuidg bxmstm.

Bsths jgdbi rbobrbidmg g uig miemibitb mivgsmi `b Dbr`bg y bf

^bfhphibsharmbah. grg qub bstg m`bg theb uig rhtui`g drb`mlmfm`g`,

sb suambrb phr eb`mh `b uig dgrtg pbrshigf `bf Pbimbitb Abibrgf Tmr

Grdjmlgf` Iyb, Tbaui`h Kbob bf Bstg`h Egyhr, gf Abibrgf Tmr Jgrhf`

Gfbxgi`br, dhegi`gitb lrmtimdh bi bf Ihrtb `b ormdg, qub stb

gtgdgrgDbr`bg y phstbrmhrebitbDrdbagembitrgs bf abibrgf Tmr

Jbiry Qmfshifh jgrg bi Arbdmg. Bf ihelrb `b bstg ogfsghpbrgdmi

sbrg

Hpbrgdmi JuscyHpbrgdmi Bsqumegf

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Ri ihelrb euy gprhpmg`h yg qub brg bf ihelrb rbgf`b fg hpbrgdmi

`b `bsbelgrdh bi Tmdmfmg. G`bes, bi uig kuag`g egbstrg `b

psmdhfhag mivbrsg, fg dgrtg mi`mdglg qub sb bstglgi bfglhrgi`h pfgibs

pgrg biaggr g fhs gfbegibs y dhivbidbrfhs `b qub bf `bsbelgrdh sbjgrg bi Tmdmfmg. Bsth `blg `gr fg meprbsmi g fhs gfbegibs `b qub sb

biorbitglgi g oubrzgs fh lgstgitb phtbitbs pgrg bobdtugr `hs argi`bs

hpbrgdmhibs smeuftibgs y qub tbi`rgi fuagr fbkhs `b Tmdmfmg,

hlfmai`hfhs g `mspbrsgr sus oubrzgs pgrg biorbitgrsb g fg gebigzg.

Bspgg, guiqub homdmgfebitb ibutrgf, smepgtmzglg dhi fhs ph`brbs `bf

Bkb, phr fh qub smi `behrg fhs `hduebiths bidhitrg`hs shi ffbvg`hs gf

Gfth Egi`h gfbei. Jmtfbr y sus abibrgfbs drbbi bi fg vbrgdm`g` `b fhs`hduebiths bidhitrg`hs y bepmbzgi g trgsfg`gr trhpgs g `mdjhs

puiths.

74 `b egyh `b 7=04, trgs ui `bsagstb `b ebsbs y ui bibemah

euy supbrmhr bi jhelrbs y egtbrmgf, fgs trhpgs `bf bkb sb rmi`bi y

glgi`higi bf dhitmibitb gormdgih

...smaumbitb sgfth, Burhpg.

Gfbxgi`br, Bmsbijhwbr y gtthi bi bf TJGBO

(Tuprbeb Jbg`qugrtbrs Gffmb` Bxpb`mtmhigry Ohrdb) `b Grabf, gitbs `b fgmivgsmi `b Tmdmfmg.

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70 `b egyh `b 7=04, bf ^rmebr Emimstrh Lrmtimdh Qmisthi

Djurdjmff sb bidubitrg bi Bstg`hs Rim`hs. @b egibrg shrprbsmvg,

rbdmlb ui tbfbargeg urabitb. Bf tbfbargeg rbzglg;

Tb jgi trgag`h th`g fg dgrib pmdg`g

Bf xmth `b fg Hpbrgdmi Dgrib ^mdg`g oub drudmgf pgrg bf outurh

`bsbelgrdh bi Tmdmfmg, yg qub `b ih jglbrsb rbgfmzg`h, ih sb jglrgi

rbtmrg`h jgdmg htrhs bsdbigrmhs g euftmtu` `b bomdmbitbs y

bxpbrmebitg`gs trhpgs qub julmbrgi pbregibdm`h bi Tmdmfmg y

bvm`bitbebitb julmbrgi dgusg`h bstrgahs bitrb fhs Gfmg`hs. Midfush fg

egyhr hpbrgdmi gfmg`g shlrb Burhpg jgstg fg obdjg ph`rg jglbr

orgdgsg`h. Fg m`bg b Djurdjmff b qub jglg qub gtgdgr g Jmtfbr bs`b

fg pubrtg trgsbrg b Burhpg, h dheh bf bomim g Mtgfmg, bf vmbitrb lfgi`h

`b Burhpg, theglg ohreg, argdmgs oui`gebitgfebitb gf bihreb

ph`brh ihrtbgebrmdgih.

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G emtg` `b `mstgidmg bitrb Pibz y fg dhstg sur `b Tmdmfmg, dugi`h

gepfmgehs bf egpg, surabi `bf egr ui aruph `b msfgs vhfdimdgs

^gitbffbrmg y Fgepb`usg.

Fg prmidmpgf, ^gitbffbrmg, `b gpbigs :> ce `b bxtbismi bs uipbqubh rb`udth `bf bkb, rbdhivbrtm`h phr Eusshfmim bi ui oubrtb

lgstmi, dhi ui pbqubh gbr`rheh dhi jgiagrbs sultbrribhs dhi

dgpgdm`g` pgrg :> dgzgs. @msphib `b uigs `bobisgs dhepubstgs phr

0> lgtbrgs y uig augrimdmi `b 7>> jhelrbs. Bf egi`h `b fg pfgzg

bst g dgrah `bf Gfemrgitb ^gvbssm.

Bmsbijhwbr`bdm`b hdupgr fgs msfgs, ih shfh phr fg bfmemigdmi `b fg

lgsb bibemag, smih phrqub ph`rg gprhvbdjgrsb bf gbr`rheh dhehpuith gvgizg`h pgrg fg gvmgdmi, bi bf bsbelgrdh prmidmpgf b Tmdmfmg.

^brh eudjhs homdmgfbs gfmg`hs ih vbgi dhi dfgrm`g` fg hpbrgdmi.

^gitbffbrmg, ih `msphib `b pfgygs g`bdug`gs pgrg ui `bsbelgrdh, y

ui orgdgsh dgusgrg bobdths `behfb`hrbs bi fg ehrgf `b fg trhpg

kustgebitb gitbs b fg mivgsmi

htrg pmb`rg bi bf dgemih.

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^brh Bmsbijhwbr, dheh Kbob Tuprbeh qub brg, ih ph`g `bkgr `b

imiauig egibrg g bspgf`gs `b fg egyhr mivgsmi gfmg`g jgstg fg obdjg,

y phr pbqubg qub pgrbdmbrg fg gebigzg, g trhpgs y gvmgdmi bibemags.

Gf emseh tmbeph, dhism`brh euy sbisgtgs fgs hlsbrvgdmhibs `b sushomdmgfbs, yg qub ih brg ehebith pgrg rbgfmzgr gtgqubs qub pu`mbrgi

hdgsmhigr bxdbsmvgs lgkgs, y ebihs bi tgi mismaimomdgitb hlkbtmvh. @b

uig egibrg lrmffgitb, Bmsbijhwbr shstmbib qub fg ehrgf `b fg

augrimdmi mtgfmgig db`brg odmfebitb sm fg msfg brg shebtm`g ui

lhelgr`bh egsmvh, phr eb`mh `b fg gvmgdmi, `urgitb ui pbrmh`h

prhfhiag`h. Fhs Kbobs `b fg gvmgdmi gfmg`g, Egrmsdgf Pb``br y bf

Abibrgf Tpggtz, gphygrhi dhi bitusmgseh fg m`bg, gf omi y gf dglh, ihsb pbr`g ig`g phr prhlgr. Bi ebihs `b ui ebs oubrhi rbgfmzg`gs

gfrb`b`hr `b 2.

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Bf g : b Kuimh b 7=04, fhs gfmg`hs gtgdgi phr gmrb urgitb th`h

bf `g y dhi th`h fh qub tmbibi;

DgzgsTpmtomrb, ^-0> y ^-4:, Lhelgr`brhsL-

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Gprhvbdjgi`h fgs hpbrgdmhibs grbgs shlrb ^gitbffbrmg y

Fgepb`usg, fg \GO y fg RTGO dhi gprhxmeg`gebitb 0.>>> gvmhibs

`b th`h tmph, grrgsgi g fg bsdgsg oubrzg grbg gfhkg`g bi Tmdmfmg y

egrtmffbgi `b egibrg dhistgitb fgs lgsbs grbgs bibemags y bf pubrth`b Ebssmig.Tmtug`g bi bf bxtrbeh ihrbstb `b fg msfg, Ebssmig bs `b

vmtgf mephrtgidmg pgrg bf Bkb, yg qub gpgrtb `b fg bitrg`g `b

glgstbdmembiths y rboubrzhs, Ebssmig bs bf imdh fuagr phr `hi`b jumr

sm sb `g bf dgsh. Fhs gtgqubs grbhs dhismaumbrhi rb`udmr bi ui 12% bf

glgstbdmembith b fg msfg, fhargi`h lgkgr dugitmtgtmvgebitb fg ehrgf b

fgs trhpgs y `b fg phlfgdmi dmvmf, gfdgizgi`h bstg ui imvbf drtmdh.

2 `b kufmh `b 7=04, fhs lhelgr`bhs ffbagi midfush es gff `bf

tbgtrh `b hpbrgdmhibs. \heg brg phr prmebrg vbz bi fg jmsthrmg

lhelgr`bg`g `bs`b bf gmrb, oui`gebitgfebitb dgrrbtbrgs y vgs

obrrhvmgrmgs pgrg mitbitgr bvmtgr bf `bspfgzgembith `b rboubrzhs

`mrbddmi sur

fhs pmfgrbs `bf ogsdmseh sb bstglgi garmbtgi`h.

Tmtugdmi mimdmgf `b fgs trhpgs `bf bkb.

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^rbpgrg`hs pgrg bf dhelgtb uihs ??.>>> shf`g`hs gebrmdgihs y

772.>>> shf`g`hs lrmtimdhs y dgig`mbisbs, dhi > luqubs `b

`bsbelgrdh y trgisphrtb, 70.>>> vbjdufhs b th`h tmph, ?>> dgrrhs b

dhelgtb y 7.:>> dghibs, gphyg`hs phr 0.>>> gvmhibs y 12> luqubs`b aubrrg, mlgi g bkbdutgr fg egyhr hpbrgdmi giomlmg gfmg`g jgstg fg

obdjg. Biorbitb, dgsm 7> `mvmsmhibs mtgfmgigs phdh bitrbig`gs y ig`g

bqumpg`gs kuith g uigs 4 y eb`mg `mvmsmhibs gfbegigs `bobi`brgi ih

euy tbigzebitb

Tmdmfmg.

Ehitahebry y ^gtthi dhebitgi`h bf pfgi `b mivgsmi.

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@mspubstgs fgs oubrzgs, bf pfgi `b mivgsmi sb rbgfmzgrg `b fg smaumbitb

egibrg;

Ehitahebrydhi bf : Bkrdmth Lrmtimdh, bsbelgrdgr bi bf bxtrbeh

surbstb `b fg msfg, gvgizgrg phr fg dhstg thegi`h, Tmrgdusg, Dgtgimg bf

vhfdi Btig y Ebssmig.

^gtthiy su 1 Bkrdmth `bsbelgrdgrgi bi fgs pfgygs sur `b fg msfg,

bitrb Fmdgttg, Abfg, y Tdhamttm, y druzgr Tmdmfmgbsdhftgi`h bf ofgidh

mzqumbr`h `b Ehitahebry.

1 BKB\DMPH RTG : BKB\DMPH L\MPGIMDHPbimbitb Abibrgf *** Egrmsdgf b Dgeph ***

Abhrab T. gtthi Tmr Lbrigr` F. Ehitahebry

@mvmsmi Miogitbrmg (Ihrtjuelrmgi)

Abibrgf * Egithi T. Jb` Abibrgf * Tm`iby D. Cmrcegi

02 @mvmsmi Miogitbrmg 1: @mvmsmi Miogitbrmg

Abibrgf * Prhy J. Em``fbthi Abibrgf * _yvygi Bvbfbaj

7 @mvmsmi Gbrhtrgisphrtg`g

Abibrgf * Abhrab O. Jhpcmishi

7 DRB\^H BKB\DMPH 4> DRB\^H BKB\DMPHAbibrgf Egyhr ** Pbimbitb Abibrgf ***

Abhoorby Cbybs Tmr Hfmvbr Fbbsb

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^fgi prbvmsth `b deh `blg bkbdutgrsb fg mivgsmi.

7

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= `b kufmh `b 7=04, 1;>> pe, 0>> lmehthrbs y 744 pfgibg`hrbs

`bspbaglgi `b fhs gbr`rhehs `b Pibz. Gprhxmeg`gebitb >

ihrtbgebrmdgihs y 7.?>> lrmtimdhs brgi gbrhtrgisphrtg`hs bi fh qub

sbrg fg vgiaugr`mg `b fg mivgsmi g Tmdmfmg. G fgs 77;>> pe, bi eb`mh`b fg hsdurm`g` qub rbmiglg, fhs gbrhtrgisphrtg`hs lrmtimdhs

tmbibi fg emsmi `b thegr bf argi pubitb (^hitb Argi`b) qub druzg bf

dgigf dhitmauh gf pubrth `b Tmrgdusg.

Mismaimgs `b fg 7 @mvmsmi Gbrhtrgisphrtg`g Lrmtimdg (mzq) y `b fg :

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Fhs gvmhibs rbehfqub prhdb`bi g shftgr g fhs pfgibg`hrbs, bsths

qub`gi g su subrtb. Bf oubrtb vmbith y fgs psmegs dhi`mdmhibs

ebtbhrhfamdgs bi fgs qub sb rbgfmz fg hpbrgdmi pgrgdgm`mstg

prh`ukbrhi qub fgs trhpgs sb `mspbrsgrgi `begsmg`h. ^hr fh qub 01pfgibg`hrbs dgybrhi bi bf egr `hi`b sus trmpufgitbs pbrbdmbrhi

rpm`gebitb. Thfh 7< dhismaumbrhi ffbagr g fgs mieb`mgdmhibs `bf

hlkbtmvh. Rihs phdhs jhelrbs sb g`ubgi `bf pubitb, ih tgr`gi bi

vrsbfgs dhi bf bibemah pbrh rbsmstbi obrhzebitb y egitmbibi fg

phsmdmi pgrg qub Ehitahebrypub`g druzgr dhi sus lfmi`g`hs jhrgs

es tgr`b. Embitrgs, fhs pgrgdgm`mstgs ihrtbgebrmdgihs`blbi `b

thegr fgs dhfmigs y dbitrhs `b dheuimdgdmhibs qub `hemigi bf gddbshg fgs pfgygs b mivgsmi g`ku`mdg`gs g su bkrdmth. @blbri mepb`mr qub

mtgfmgihs y gfbegibs gfdgidbi fgs pfgygs. Bsths dhrrbri gui pbhr

subrtb qub sus gfmg`hs blm`h maugfebitb g fgs midfbebidmgs bf tmbeph

qub fhs bspgrdmr g fh fgrah `b dgsm 7>> ce `b gidjh, smbi`h bi su

egyhrg prbsg odmf pgrg fgs pgtruffgs `bf Bkb.

Jhelrbs `b fg :< @mvmsmi Gbrhtrgisphrtg`g, gitbs `b gdhebtbr su emsmi biTmdmfmg.

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7> `b kufmh `b 7=04,

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Bf : Bkrdmth Lrmtimdh, `bsbelgrdglg shlrb fgs pfgygs `bf surbstb

y bf pubrth `b Tmrgdusg. Gf gflg y smi gpbigs hphsmdmi, fhs gfmg`hs

tbigi gsbaurg`gs th`gs fgs dglbzgs `b pfgyg.

@bsbelgrdh gfmg`h bi Tmdmfmg.

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Fgs ohths bvm`bidmgi fhs rbdurshs qub sb ibdbsmtgi pgrg suemimstrgr g tgiths

jhelrbs.

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@urgitb fhs prmebrhs `gs, fgs trhpgs `b Ehitahebry sb vbi

pgrgfmzg`gs bi Dgtgimg, yg qub fhs lfmi`g`hs abregihs `bombi`bi

obrhzebitb fg fibg `b `bobisg igturgf qub sb drbg bi bf vhfdi Btig.

Fhs lrmtimdhs bstglgi lfhqubg`hsy ^gtthi8

Tmtugdmi bitrb bf 74 (@+4) y bf 7: `b kufmh (@+:).

G^gtthi, qub iuidg bstuvh `b gdubr`h dhi bf pfgi `b mivgsmi qub fb

mepusmbrhi, sb fb rbvhfvgi fgs trmpgs `b vbr dheh pu`mbi`h gvgizgr

`blg prhtbabr bf ofgidh mzqumbr`h `b Ehitahebry.

Bstglg `bdm`m`h, IH mlg g sbr fg imbrg `b ig`mb y ebihs `b ui

dglgffbrbtb miafbs gf qub dhism`brglg ui pusmfimeb y `bf dugf `bdg;

^rbtbi`b g`gptgr fg rbgfm`g` g sus pfgibs, dugi`h fh qub jgy

qub jgdbr bs g`gptgr fhs pfgibs g fg rbgfm`g`

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Bf 72 b kufmh b 7=04, ^gtthifgizg uig hobismvg dhitrg bf hbstb

`b Tmdmfmg, fg dugf `g sus oruths mieb`mgtgebitb, y bf `g

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Bitrg`g bi ^gfbreh `bf 1Bkbrdmth `b ^gtthi bf

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Abhrab Temtj ^gtthi Kr, y su rbvhfvbr.

^gtthi, ffgeglg fg gtbidmi phr eudjgs dhsgs, uig `b fgs es

dhebitg`gs oub fh ffgegtmvh `b su uimohreb y fgs dgdjgs lfgidgs `b

sus rbvfvbrbs, `hi`b sb ph`g gprbdmgr sus mimdmgfbs arglg`gs; AT^

Tb `bdg qub brgi `b idgr pbrh ^gtthidhrrmam;

Thi `b egromf.

Tfh ui djufh `b Iubvg Hrfbgis ffbvgrg idgr.

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Prgs fg theg `b ^gfbreh, ^gtthi ih sb `btmbib y gvgizg g th`g

equmig pgrg ffbagr g Ebssmiggitbs qub su btbrih rmvgf

Ehity.

^gtthi djgrfg dhi ui tbimbitb `bf 4> \bamembith `b Miogitbrg dbrdg `b Lrhfh,

Tmdmfmg.

G phdhs cmfebtrhs `bf orbitb `b dhelgtb sb fbvgitg uig dhistruddmi

prbdgrmg, bs ui jhspmtgf emfmtgr. ^gtthibitrg bi vmsmtg `b mispbddmi.

Fb gdhepggi e`mdhs emfmtgrbs qub fb vgi dhebitgi`h fgs jbrm`gs b

dg`g shf`g`h. ^gtthi, dhivbrsg dhi th`hs y tmbib pgfglrgs `b gfmbith

y `b bfhamh phr bf vgfhr ehstrg`h bi fg fudjg. Prgs vmsmtgr g fhs jbrm`hs

`b lgfg, bitrg bi uig sgfg bi `hi`b sb bidubitrgi shf`g`hs gobdtg`hs

phr iburhsms `b dhelgtb. ^gtthi bitrg y hlsbrvg g fhs mitbrig`hs.

\pm`gebitb sb `mrmab gf prmebrh y fb `mdb;

Duf bs su jbrm`g8,

@i`b rbdmlm fg lgfg8

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Bf shf`g`h fh dhitbepfg bi smfbidmh, vgdmfgitb. Prgs uihs sbaui`hs, dhi

vhz gpbigs gu`mlfb, rbsphi`b qub ih bst jbrm`h, qub ih jg rbdmlm`h

es qub ui oubrtb sjhdc y ih bs `ubh `b sus rbofbkhs im `b su

vhfuitg`. Bf e`mdh qub sb bidubitrg kuith g ^gtthi dhiomreg fgspgfglrgs bf eudjgdjh. Tmi ph`br dhitbibrsb, bstgffg bi uig gvgfgidjg

`b misufths b meprhpbrmhs. f sglb (`bs`b su puith `b vmstg) qub g bsh

sb fb ffgeg

dhlgr`g!!!

Gtbidmi e`mdg g ui jbrm`h, Tmdmfmg 7=04.

Tb gdbrdg g htrh eudjgdjh dhi fhs emsehs sithegs, fhs e`mdhs ih

sb gtrbvbi g mitbrvbimr y phibr omi gf `rgetmdh bpmsh`mh, bithidbs ih

pub`b dhitbibrsb y ahfpbg gf djmdh bi bf rhstrh. @bspus `b vbr g fhs

ehrmlui`hs jbrm`hs `b lgfg y ebtrgffg, ih shphrtg fg smtugdmi, ui

e`mdh jlmfebitb fh gfbkg `b gff. Bf sudbsh, rpm`gebitb, ffbag g fhs

pbrmh`mstgs y dheh ih, g h`hs `b Bmsbijhwbr. Bf Kbob Tuprbeh

bstg`huim`bisb, mieb`mgtgebitb, theg dgrtgs bi bf gsuith. Bivg g

^gtthi uig ihtg, phr bsdrmth, tbremigitb. Fb `mdb bi bffg qub bf

bpmsh`mh, `b rbpbtmrsb, fb dhstgrg bf egi`h3 g`bes smi pr`m`g `b

tmbeph, `blbr horbdbr sus bxdusgs g fhs shf`g`hs gargvmg`hs y gf

pbrshigf `bf jhspmtgf `hi`b sb prh`ukh bf jbdjh. ^gtthi,`msdmpfmig`gebitb, duepfb fh hr`big`h.

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Prbs gs bspus b fg dg`g b gfbreh, bf ebtrhs b gfturg bi fg rbami es

bfbvg`g `b fhs Ehitbs Gpbimihs, sbr su rbsm`bidmg jgstg qub bf 7< `b

sbptmbelrb ui dhegi`h `b fgs T.T. vgyg g rbsdgtgrfh.

Jhtbf Argi` Tgssh (mzq) y Eusshfmim rbsdgtg`h (`djg).

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Jmtfbr sglg qub fh qub bstglg hdurrmbi`h bi Mtgfmg, phr eudjh qub fb

mismstmbrg Lg`hafmh, bi qub fg aubrrg dhitmiuglg, tbig ui ihelrb

trgmdmi!!!

^hrtg`g Dhrrmbrb `bffg Tbrg (mzq.) y Egrmsdgf ^mbtrh Lg`hafmh (`djg).

Bf 47 `b kufmh, `mvmsmhibs abregigs mivg`bi bf ihrtb `b Mtgfmg.

Bf 7< `b gahsth, pgrtb `b \heg dhi ruelh g Fmslhg bf Abibrgf

Dgstbffgih. Tu emsmi bs egimobstgr dfgrgebitb qub Mtgfmg ih pub`b

sbpgrgrsb `b Gfbegimg smi fg gyu`g giafh-gebrmdgig. Jgdb bsdgfg biEg`rm`, `hi`b sb bitrbvmstg dhi bf belgkg`hr lrmtimdh Tmr Tgeubf

Jhgrb. Bf 7= `b gahsth, ffbag g fg dgpmtgf phrtuaubsg `hi`b fb

bspbrglgi bf Abibrgf Lb`bff Temtj (RTG) y Cbiibtj Ttrhia (AL\),

gelhs bivmg`hs phr bf emsesmeh Bmsbijhwbr. Dgstbffgih fbs jgdb

bitrbag `b ui `hduebith bi `hi`b dhistgi fhs tremihs

`b fg rbi`mdmi emfmtgr `b Mtgfmg.

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Bf 4 `b Tbptmbelrb `b 7=04 g fgs 2;72 pe, bf Abibrgf Dgstbffgih

omreglg bi bf Dugrtbf Abibrgf Gfmg`h `b Dgssmlmfb, bi Tmdmfmg, bf

gremstmdmh dhi fhs Gfmg`hs y bi prbsbidmg `b

Bmsbijhwbr.

^gtthi, Lrg`fby y Ehitahebry.

71 `b gahsth `b 7=04, ^gtthifb agig fg pgrtm`g g Ehitahebry

y bitrg prmebrh bi Ebssmig. Bstg jgzgg, ih shfh pgs g fg jmsthrmg,smih qub oub bf igdmembith `b ui mdhih emfmtgr. ^hr bsh ^gtthi, smi

sglbrfh, oub rbfbvg`h `bf egi`h `bf 1 Bkrdmth kusth gitbs `b sus

hpbrgdmhibs bi Mtgfmg.

Bstb rbfbvh tbephrgf `b su dgrah y su prhfhiag`g bstgidmg bi Tmdmfmg

oub mitbrprbtg`g phr fhs gfbegibs dheh ui mi`mdgtmvh b uig mieb`mgtg

mivgsmi `bf sur `b Orgidmg, y phstbrmhrebitb, su bstgidmg bi Bf Dgmrh

oub mitbrprbtg`g dheh fg sbgf `b uig outurg mivgsmi g trgvs `b fhs

Lgfdgibs. Bf tbehr gf abibrgf ^gtthigyu` g egitbibr hdupg`gs g

eudjgs trhpgs gfbegigs, y sbrg ui ogdthr euy mephrtgitb bi fhs

smaumbitbs ebsbs, argdmgs g qub oub usg`h dheh sbubfh phr fhs

Gfmg`hs. Prgs bf `bsbelgrdh `b Ihregi`g, fb `gri bf egi`h `bf 4

Bkbrdmth, dhi bf gvgizgrg smi `bsdgish jgstg

^mfsbi (\. Djbdg) y fg egyhr pgrtb `bf hbstb `b Lhjbemg.

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^gtthi 7=02.

@mhs qumbrg qub iuidg ihs vbgehs miebrshs bi uig aubrrg, pbrh sm bshhdurrmbrg

qumbrh qub rbdhr`ms qub imiai lgstgr`h agi kges uig

aubrrg eurmbi`h phr su pgtrmg. Fg agi jgdmbi`h qub htrhs

phlrbs bstpm`hs lgstgr`hs eurmbrgi phr bffg.

A.T.^gtthi.

1943-07 Sicilia

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