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VOLUME 2 2008

Technical Research Bulletin

11/10/2008 13:24:12

Valutazione del trattamento conservativo dei resti umani del periododell’uomo di Neanderthal presso Krapina in Croazia, ed implicazioni relativeall’esibizione e prestito di resti umani fossili</STRONG><BR>Nell’anno 2005, ladecisione presa dal governo dell’Etiopia di prestare i resti umani fossilizzatiper una mostra itinerante negli Stati Uniti, ha causato l’idignazione di moltipaleoantropologi. L’Associazione Internazionale per gli Studi di PaleontologiaUmana ha passato una risoluzione che stabilisce che i resti umani non debbanoessere messi a rischio da prestiti per mostre, ma che debbano essere accessibiliesclusivamente a specialisti del settore.</P><P>Questo studio riporta i risultati ottenuti durante la valutazione degliinterventi conservativi della collezione di resti del periodo di Neanderthaldalla grottadi Krapina in Croazia. I risultati degli esami hanno mostrato come

danni siano risultati in seguito all’incorretta applicazione di resine edadesivi, e a causa dei materiali utilizzati per eseguire calchi. A causadell’ingiallimento e della contrazione delle resine lo studio dellecaratteristiche superficiali degli oggetti risulta più difficoltoso. In alcunicasi è anche stata riscontrata la rimozione di materiale originale. Le giunturetra frammenti sono spesso grossolanamente eseguite e i bordi delle giunture nonsono stati consolidati prima del riattaccamento. L’utilizzo di materiali come lacera e la gomma per l’esecuzione di calchi ha creato nuove rotture e perdita dimateriale originale. Questo studio ha dimostrato come resti umani fossilipossano essere a rischio non solo da mostre e prestiti, ma anche da ricercatori‘specializzati’.</P>

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Csv ssssm h Nhhm ms m Kp, C smpcs h h spy hm sss

Jill Cook and Clare Ward

Summary   I 00, h Ehp vm’s cs h ssz ms h m-y hm cs xh h U Ss pv cm m my p-

hpss. I sps, h cc h I Assc h Sy Hm Py pss s s h sch ms sh y xh psv qf scf c ccss y. T s p smmzs h f s csv ssssm

h cc Nh ms m Kp Cv, C. Exm shw h mh cc h cc ppc ss s psvvs hsvs, h m  spcms cs. Rs cs h sc cc m c sy sc

s s w s s sc ss. Ahsv js w cc j s h sh y cs p hs, v hm v m h .

T s cs ms sch s ps, wx h s ss h sc ws, h s js. T p ccs h hm sss my s mch s mschs s wh xhs.

INRODUCION

T scvy hm ms m h 0000 ys

s wys cs scf c c. Sch f s

v, s ch w smp chq my 

v hs vc s hmv. Csqy, h s pss qm

ms, cs smp m xs wy scv-

hm s. As s my php-

ss, m hm h c h Nh hm

ms m Kp Cv, C, D Jv Rvčć,

hv m s spc-

ms. I sps hs ccs, h qs  

D Rvčć Amc cs Pss M

Wp A A Uvsy, Mch Pss

A M Pc Uvsy, Nw Jsy, h Bsh

Msm spp csv svy h

Kp m.

HE SURVEY

T svy xm h s w smp N-

h hm ms m Kp Cv, h Z

C. Excv w 8 06 y p-

s D Gjvć-Km, h cc,c h C N Hsy Msm Z,

csss ppxmy 80 s ms, c

c psc ms vs wh v

w 0000 60000 ys . T -

phy v 000 pps 0 s w hs

ms v h s cy s m h cs

mpc sch hm

v []. I s cs h s pss pc

h cc y s scss, ch s

sw w qss s h s chqs.

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0

JILL COOK & C LARE WARD

Method 

I My 007 h hs xm vy

m h Kp cc Z wh h

xcp h phs sp h. I h cs

h phs h, psv smps

0% ch w xm s h sm h c-

csv qms c m h spcms. Ech spcm ws chc s

h cc c []. T s s h cc -

f c h spcms h ms, s w s

shw p chs h c h hv cc

v h s 0 ys. D Rvčć ws h hh

h w pv h v c -

m h c y cq y cqc wh

cc.

Fw f c, vy m ws xm y y

s ×.7 Opvs h mf . As ch

spcm ws spc, s s c cs-

v qms w c Exc spsh.

Phphs w c h

pc spcms, yps c h

cc y. A, hh-s,

ms scs m pvs sch y  

h hs (JC) w s z. As h w pss,

sm sc sv ss w c h ss

s h hv s h ms v h s

cy m h cmps, s  

p s mv. Smps hs

ss w s h yss h y 

h Bsh Msm.

As h spcms w xm, ch ws cz

s h ppch vp y h Bsh Msm

h csv qms s

w ccs. Ech pc ws pc h c-

cs s .

By h h svy, v h cc

h ys, h mh y c h cs-

v qms. A h h cc s

hh mm py h s qs

h . T m hs c smm-

zs h , s h csv qms

sss h cs q.

Present condition o the ossils

Ms h cc csss ms h

hv j sc xcv. My h js

w m ys p, s s spcm my hv

csc y vs schs s m

chqs hsvs. T s c-

m c hs cscs h m-

s pp. Whh h spcms cmp s,

j my, w hv cvwh hc c s. I ms css hs w pp

hv pp s h xcv

my scs hs pp v sm. T s

ws s pcc h h wh cy;

0 Rh cmm h ppc

ss sch s mm, shc, sss / m

s ppp svs s mh psv

ss []. T s cs hv m

sc wh m, cv m sf -

table 1. C cs s ssss h Kp ccw h pc s h Bsh Msm c pz csv qms

Ccy C Py Rqm

A G N csvq

B S s   wh 0 ys

Lw Csv qwh 0 ys

C Us Mm Csv sss s s pss

D Acvy Hh Csv

igure 1. Phmcph cs s Krapina skull 6 .Evc ps-mm mf c h s s sc y h s c, whch s wh ms hpsm

igure 2. Phmcph c ms h h myhy h jv m Krapina 53. T s chs cz sc s wy 

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CONSERVAION ASSESSMEN OF HE NEANDERHAL HUMAN REMAINS FROM KRAPINA, CROAIA

[]. Smps hs ss w s -

y yss h Bsh Msm, wh ssq

s v h psc pyvy c, cs

, pcs m cmps v

m c s [].

Fs shw sm h c h p

m spcms h cc s pcs q

. Bh ss shw hw wy scv- js hv sc h s vy h-

svs v h ys. As h ‘psvvs’ h hv s

y c h h sc, wh cs h

, h ms s . Wh w sch

pcs j, y hsv w m h h

j. T s w vy s h ss  

. A sccss ps sch sp js ps

h pm, cs h m wh ws v

m cc cscs. I my css hsv hs

sp h sc h js. T s xcss hsv

my cc s s s sc m

v ss. ss h hsv ss h h my

cs ps. Rc js hv m wh

cyc, P B8N, ssv c [].

T s sm w scs pc h

ms ps ws y spp

sh sm js, F . Uy, hs

hs cmp h pms xcss hsv p

js. T scs v q spp h -

ms sv css hy hv ch, mv

h sc, v h spp h j

s. Dms chs h w scs

vm vs my s hv c

hs mvm. T s m h my cs

c s h cc ms msms

pv p ss h cmps spcms.

igure 3. I vw h p s jv, Krapina 1 

j m sv ms. T js h w sc spps s. T s c h sc hs cm, sc s wy mv ms p-sm. T s s pcy v wh scs hv ch. Rs-s B-c, psc m ms s h h sc

igure 4. Rj jv c ms Krapina 31.10 Krapina 33.32 shw cc, s js

igure 5. Fm m Krapina 257.4 wh s c hccs

F 6. Rj ms p Krapina 16 shwcs ss

c ps-mm ms h scs, Fs

. T sc h s

sy cs, cs c w h

h sc h ss p -

m ssss wh h s my vy s

sc ss. T s s y vs sm ms,

pcy wh m pc hs

pc. ss h cs s c (pp),h, spp (pp--) w w c-

csv, hh sm css h pp sh

s wh h w, ss h psc m

. Rc DNA ss hv v h psc v

DNA, whch c hv s m h s m

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JILL COOK & C LARE WARD

F 7. Rj ms p Krapina 32.2 shw sc s c B-c s s hsv,s w, cc js

F 8. Achv phph h Kp sss mpy spy c ch

O ms m s h s h f

cs m ps h xps cc-

s ss, F . T s pps s, s hc 

scs h sc h ss. T w s h

c hws w psv. T

igure 9. Phmcph c ms m y m s-ms p m Krapina 36 . T s hv p hs psm xps sh

h vy c 

pp hv c wh s.

D cy sch h Kp s h

hv xsvy m h pc css.

Scs js h cs hs pcss, whch

css ms cs ms sch s ps, wx

, whch h h sc. Dm

h scs js, s w s sf c s, ss v, F 6. T s cs hs pc-

sss hv s y M M [6]. T

ms m ms mv m

h Kp s wh c hws hy w p  

m ms psm, h m .

T s psc ( py cmps pm

jy, y cs, ccm c) ‘B-c’ (

py cmps hyc pyms, m ,

f s pm) m mpy js spp

spcms msm phphy hs s

s m h spcms, F 7. T s

m B-c h h scs. B-c 

psc c mv m ps scs

s cs y ss.

Oh xs s spcms c

c f s m cs s s c chs spys

phphy, pchs hsv h w sm

h s ch spcms c c

spy, F 8.

T scs h spcms y shw

ms spf c cs, scchs s h

hv cc sc xcv s s h pcss

ssq h, c h s m

ms mpms s, F . T y 

s shw cps pc ms, whch hv m

c js, m ms ps s ss

wh c h s ms. I , h spc-

ms ms c h pc vs

c sqcs. T s ms w wy

hv py spp s csqc sc ss

cm c . T s s cjc-

wh h s , s

sh cc h w vy cs h ss  

h m m h .

ASSESSMEN

Exm h Kp cc cs h mch

h m h hs s s h, h

cc ppc ss s psvvs h-

svs, s w s h m spcms cs. T

cs whch ms hv s hw,

wh y whm hy hv pp. T pss

w h cc sch hs s h

qms hs ss hv py v csv- css, sp h s s h c

m sc y cssy cvy.

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CONSERVAION ASSESSMEN OF HE NEANDERHAL HUMAN REMAINS FROM KRAPINA, CROAIA

pvs smmy h svs

smp m h 8 hm spcms. I shws

h h cc qs sm csv w 

h s ss w

cv . T cy (D) cs

h c spcms, whch cs -

scf c mpc. I s v h csv-

hs m sh s v h,pssy vs, . T cs ps

h spcms w cm csy c mv

v m s hy . T s w cs s

scs cm py m

h s, c h scf c v.

T m q csv h spcms s

sm js v 700 hs. T sm cs

m m h jc h wh pp cs-

v cm ( ssssm c, ss

yss, chc svs c -

m) csv phphy wh cssy. T

sm s s h ssmp h w pss

mv h s cs m h scs,

w js j ms vy sy s

ppp svs ppc chqs. Hwv

hs ps h h ss h

h spcms’ scs. Sm my m c,

v mpss, mv hs w cs h

csv m q.

Cs h cc xm

h s hs pv h ss cmms

hw h csv w c s chv

h wh mpvms s. T s

h h msc cs h csv, s

s v w hp s h svv  

hs cc. T x s w hs cc

cs hs csv ppss f

ppp p c mpm h cm-

ms, ms whch c ppy h

ccs hm ss ms whch smy 

c.

DISCUSSION

I 00 h Ehp vm h

ms . m-y s   Australop-

ithecus aarensis (ppy w s Lcy),  y hm

cs, msms h U Ss. I sps,

h cc h I Assc h Sy 

Hm Py pss s s h

hm ss ms h pps spy.

T s y scss vv sch

hm v h h ss pc, s-

p spy hm sss w

w, cs h mms v h spcms h hsy hmy. Is, h Assc wshs

sc ccss scss y mv spcms

table 2. Smmy sv

Ccy 

Nm  spcms

m hs

A 0 0

B 67 6.

C 0 6.

D 8

8 70

h s scf c ss. As hs p

h Kp cc shws, cc hs sss s

m hs s s cs [6, 7]. Hwv,

hs cs h cs s h xh  

h sss h scf c vss

c pss csv. T c cs-

v c h sch spcms cv msm xh-

s s pcvy y cmps wh h wy

whch spcms smms h sch.

T s h m ccs D Rvčć, s

vs sm h m h h

h Kp spcms mm c

s . T s s cs whch sh w-p c

h phpc cmmy. W h c-

sc sss sh pc wh h pc-

p pss csvs. Is pv

h spy h cmm s hmy, h Ass-

c h Sy Hm Py sh

s y ccp s h h,

pc smp ss hm ms. T s

sh cs c p, s, h

csv, sh m sch qms

s hy c m wh m h spcm.

T w sss m h Kp spcms

mh m s p.

Recording 

C csv cs whh m

cc sh p vy spcm. T s sh

c c sch s c ms, s w

s m spcm c s y 

cs wh spcms sch s csv -m scf c smp. T s s sh c y 

whm, wh, hw wh wh ms qpm

y w ws .

Storage

Spcms sh pc s sppv,

ms. T s s sh pv s v-

m cs. T ps vm cs

whch h jcs hv s sh

cc, ccs h hv pvsy  p vy y cs, h cmm v-

m cs chc 0–%

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JILL COOK & C LARE WARD

v hmy wh y c ±% ss

mp 6–0°C wh y cs ss h

±°C [8]. T s cs sh m pv

cs chc h sy cs m-

y ppp qpm cssy.

Handling and conservation

Cs, csv-cscs h s

sh w p whch schs ms s p

hy w ccss h m. T s -

s sh pv y h m h spc-

ms y cvs h vv h ppy

ms h scs js. Rcsc spc-

ms w js sh wys m c-

wh pss csvs xpc

wh c ms. Iss sh hv c p-

cs h smp h spcms , DNA

sp yss, sch h chqs s my vp.

Wh pss, ss sh h

y p chqs sch s cmpz x m-

phy (CA sc), mc sc m (MRI)

h-ms (D) s sc v cs

c h c ccss h sss y 

m hh-s D ms v ccy.

I cs s ss h p pyp s sc

sh cs s v

chqs [].

T s s sh sc scf c w,

hy c s ss, mpv h chqs  

qy s h psv h sss. Ms  

hs ps w y ccp mpm s

s pcc my msms. T c, s

h qms c smpy chpy chv

ms ywh, ccss pss csv

ss s s s s sy. Wh -

y mp spcms cc, h sh

w ss w c ss

sh s h vvm csvs

ccss chqs h my v h

pc scvy; pmms my c hs.

CONCLUSIONS

I s mp h msms w spy

w hm sss xh hy s-

c [7]. A m wh z s h

h wh sc m c, sch

sss hv h xy pw m s

cmm s s w sch w s w

cmpxy c. I hs h sf cc

xs y scc h pmc, pv qs-

s h my h s h

pv pps s cc sc-

f c msm pjcs h cy . Hm

sss pcs chvs hm csy h sh. pc psv hm w

p ss c ps h w

hs, h h sc ccss h w.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENS

T hs w h D Jv Rvčć wh qs spp h w h Kp spcms. Wh hs w h cc cc h spcms, hs pjc w hv pss. T s s cs M Hc

Rcc Scy yss h s smps.

AUHORS

J C (jc@hshmsm.c.) s c hDpm Phsy Ep C W (cw@hshmsm.c.) csv h Dpm Cs-v Scf c Rsch h Bsh Msm.

REFERENCES

. Fy, D., ‘T Kp hs: cmphsv, c- s phy’, www.ph./sss/p-phy.p (ccss Mch 008).

. Rvčć, J., Smh, F.H., hs, E. Wp , M.H., T eKrapina hominids: an illustrated catalog o skeletal collection ,Z, Ms Pss h C N Hsy Msm(88).

. Rh, F. (ss G.A. A H.A. A), T e preser-vation o antiquities: a handbook or curators, Cm Uv-sy Pss, Cm (0) –.

. Rvčć, J., C N Hsy Msm, ps cmm-c (My 007).

. Hc, M. Scy, R., Identif cation o adhesives and resins used or the restoration o hominid remains rom Krapina, Croatia , CDSp . AR007/7, Bsh Msm (007) (psh).

6. M, J. M, A., ‘Ehc sss h m cs ss spcms’, Biological anthropology and ethics:rom repatriation to genetic identity, . . , S Uvsy  Nw Y Pss, Nw Y (00) –0.

7. C, J., ‘L Lcy sp’, British Archaeology 6 (007) .8. Ss, D., Lighting and climatic criteria or the British Museum

collections, Bsh Msm (006) (psh).. Fc, D., ‘G css cs’, Human remains:

guide or museums and academic institutions,  .  V. Cssm,N. O J. Pw, Am Pss, Lhm (007) 67.