SISTEMA DE GAS LIFT
El levantamiento arti!ial "or #a$% e$ &n m'to(o )&e &tili*a #a$ a "re$i+n !omo me(io (e levantamiento% a trav'$ (e &n "ro!e$o me!,ni!o o &n ori!io en la t&-er.a (e "ro(&!!i+n/
 
Tipos de Levantamiento artifcial por gas
 
In1e!!i+n Contin&a (e Ga$ o Fl&4o Contin&o
 
Fl&4o Intermitente (e Ga$
El "rin!i"io (e o"era!i+n (el r'#imen intermitente e$ el (e la e5"an$i+n (el #a$ in1e!ta(o -a4o alta "re$i+n% a me(i(a )&e a$!ien(e 2a!ia &na $ali(a (e -a4a "re$i+n/ Se &tili*a &na v,lv&la (e ori!io #ran(e% )&e "ermite &n !ontrol !om"leto (e la in1e!!i+n (el #a$/ 7a1 )&e in1e!tar &n vol&men (e #a$ -a4o &na "re$i+n $&!iente "ara elevar el 3&i(o a la $&"er!ie !on la "'r(i(a m.nima/ La v,lv&la (e-er, in1e!tar $+lo el vol&men (e #a$ re)&eri(o "ara elevar el 3&i(o e!a*mente/ El ti"o (e v,lv&la in$tala(a (etermina $i $e &$a en la $&"er!ie &n !ontrola(or 8Tem"ori*a(or9 !on v,lv&la motri* o &n e$tran#&la(or (e ori!io in$tala(o en la l.nea (e in1e!!i+n (el #a$/
La$ in$tala!ione$ (e $&-6$&"er!ie $on $imilare$ "ara lo$ (o$ !a$o$% $+lo )&e en el intermitente $e &tili*a la v,lv&la (e "ie !omo reten!i+n (e la !ar#a (e in1e!!i+n (e #a$/
 
Se "&e(en en!ontrar (o$ m'to(o$ (e !ontrol (e in1e!!i+n (el #a$:
a9El (e !ontrola(or% el !&al !on$i$te en &na v,lv&la motri* a!!iona(a "or &n  Tem"ori*a(or/ In1e!ta el #a$ en el e$"a!io an&lar en intervalo$ "eri+(i!o$ $ele!tivo$/ Se re#&lan lo$ !i!lo$ (e in1e!!i+n en 0&n!i+n (e la a!&m&la!i+n (e lo$ 3&i(o$ en el "o*o !on el n (e "ro"or!ionar el r'#imen (e "ro(&!!i+n m,$ e!a*/
-9En el otro m'to(o% la v,lv&la #a$ li0t mi$ma !ontrola la in1e!!i+n 1 la in$tala!i+n (e $&"er!ie in!l&1e &n e$tran#&la(or o la !om-ina!i+n (e e$tran#&lar 1 re#&la(or/
 
 
Fl&4o Intermitente (e Ga$
Por la$ !on(i!ione$ (e$!rita$ anteriormente% '$te e$ta(o $e mantiene en D% mientra$ el li)&i(o via4a 2a!ia arri-a "or el t&-in#% 1 2a$ta )&e lle#&e a"ro5ima(amente a la $&"er!ie% el "r+5imo "a$o $er, el reini!io (el !i!lo !omo en A/ Generalmente% $e &$a 4&nto !on &n !ontrola(or (e tiem"o (e !i!lo en $&"er!ie 1 en "o*o$ !on volmene$ (e 3&i(o relativamente -a4o$ o )&e tienen la$ $i#&iente$ !ara!ter.$ti!a$:
Alto .n(i!e (e "ro(&!tivi(a( !on -a4a "re$i+n (e 0on(o/
Ba4o .n(i!e (e "ro(&!tivi(a( !on -a4a "re$i+n (e 0on(o/
 
Ventajas
El !o$to ini!ial% e$ menor )&e el (e otro$ m'to(o$ (e levantamiento arti!ial/
E$ m,$ 3e5i-le )&e otro$ m'to(o$% "ermite o"erar a varia$ ta$a$ (e "ro(&!!i+n% $in ne!e$i(a( (e !am-iar el e)&i"o (e $&-$&elo/
Se &tili*a en "o*o$ (e 2a$ta <=/>>> "ie$ (e "ro0&n(i(a(% (e"en(ien(o (e la "re$i+n (e in1e!!i+n (i$"oni-le/
Se "&e(e &tili*ar en "o*o$ (e$via(o$/ En la$ in$tala!ione$ !on man(rile$ (e ti"o re!&"era-le% $e "&e(en
!am-iar la$ v,lv&la$ !on #&a1a en !a$o (e mal 0&n!ionamiento/ Re)&iere (e "o!o e$"a!io en $&"er!ie "ara el !a-e*al 1 lo$
!ontrole$ (e in1e!!i+n/ Al no re$trin#ir$e el (i,metro interno (e la t&-er.a% "ermite )&e $e
 
Desventajas
7a1 )&e (i$"oner (e &na 0&ente (e #a$ (e alta "re$i+n/ En "o*o$ a"arta(o$ $e tienen "ro-lema$ !on el $i$tema (e
 
 
 
EEMPLOS DE INSTALACIONES PARA UNA ZONA PRODUCTORA
</ Po*o a-ierto in1e!!i+n !ontin&a 8#&ra A9 / Po*o $emia-ierto in1e!!i+n !ontin&a 8#&ra B9 =/ Po*o !erra(o in1e!!i+n intermitente 8#&ra C9
A B
 
 Ti"o$ (e In$tala!ione$ El ti"o (e in$tala!i+n (e levantamiento arti!ial )&e (e-e &tili*ar$e en &n "o*o en "arti!&lar% (e"en(e "rin!i"almente% (e $. "ro(&!ir, "or 3&4o !ontin&o o intermitente 1 (e la$ !on(i!ione$ "ro"ia$ (el "o*o% tale$ !omo: Ti"o (e !om"leta!i+n% "o$i-le "ro(&!!i+n (e arena 1 !onna!i+n (e a#&a 1o #a$/
A continuación se describen cada una de las instalaciones:
Instalación Abierta
 
Instalación Abierta
 
 Ti"o$ (e In$tala!ione$
Instalación Semi cerrada
E$ta in$tala!i+n e$ $imilar a la (e$!rita anteriormente% $+lo )&e $e le a(i!iona &n em"a!a(or )&e $ella la !om&ni!a!i+n entre la t&-er.a "ro(&!tora 1 el e$"a!io an&lar/ Se &tili*a tanto "ara levantamiento "or 3&4o !ontin&o !omo intermitente/
VENTAAS
Una ve* )&e el "o*o 2a $i(o (e$!ar#a(o% no 2a1 0orma (e )&e el 3&i(o re#re$e al e$"a!io an&lar% 1a )&e la$ v,lv&la$ (e #a$6 li0t e$t,n e)&i"a(a$ !on v,lv&la$ (e reten!i+n )&e im"i(en el "a$o (el 3&i(o a trav'$ (e ella$/
 
Instalación !errada
E$te ti"o (e in$tala!i+n% e$ $imilar a la $emi !erra(a% e5!e"to )&e $e in$tala &na v,lv&la 4a en la $arta (e "ro(&!!i+n/ E$ta v,lv&la #eneralmente $e !olo!a en el 0on(o (el "o*o% a&n)&e tam-i'n "&e(e ir (ire!tamente (e-a4o (e la v,lv&la (e #a$6li0t m,$ "ro0&n(a/ La 0&n!i+n (e la v,lv&la 4a% e$ "revenir )&e la "re$i+n (el #a$% !&an(o $e in1e!ta en la t&-er.a% a!te !ontra la 0orma!i+n/
C&an(o $e va a "ro(&!ir !on 3&4o intermitente% (e-er.a &tili*ar$e &na v,lv&la 4a/
"andriles de bolsillo El o-4eto (e lo$ man(rile$ (e -ol$illo e$ el (e alo4ar la v,lv&la$ re!&"era-le$ (e #a$ li0t/ Con la v,lv&la in$tala(a% el man(ril "ro"or!iona &n (i,metro interior i#&al al (el t&-in#/
 
!lasifcación de las v#lvulas de LA$
En el "o*o% la v,lv&la e$t, e5"&e$ta a (o$ "re$ione$ )&e !ontrolan $& o"era!i+n/ Una 0&ente (e "re$i+n e$t, lo!ali*a(a en la t&-er.a 1 la otra en el reve$ti(or/ De a!&er(o !on la mo(ali(a( (e $i$tema LAG% e$ "o$i-le tener v,lv&la$ "ara LAG Contin&o 1 LAG Intermitente/
En LA$ !ontinuo% dependiendo de la construcción interna% se tienen dos tipos:
,lv&la o"era(a "or "re$i+n 8OP9: C&an(o la "re$i+n (el #a$ in1e!ta(o e$t, en !onta!to !on el 0&elle% la v,lv&la $e (enomina Jo"era(a "or "re$i+n (e in1e!!i+nJ/
 
En LA$ Intermitente se tienen:
V#lvula piloto: Con$ta (e &na $e!!i+n "rin!i"al 1 &na $e!!i+n "iloto/ La$ v,lv&la$ "iloto (e LAGI e$t,n (i$e;a(a$ "ara in1e!tar #ran(e$ !anti(a(e$ (e #a$ (&rante &n !orto "er.o(o/
 
V#lvulas operadas por presión (V)*+
E$te ti"o (e v,lv&la e$ "re(ominantemente $en$i-le a la "re$i+n (e in1e!!i+n (e #a$/ La 0&er*a (ominante re)&eri(a "ara a-rir o !errar la v,lv&la e$ (a(a "or la "re$i+n (e in1e!!i+n (e #a$/ Ba4o !on(i!ione$ (e o"era!i+n% a!tan tre$ "re$ione$ $o-re el 0&elle (e la v,lv&la: "re$i+n (e in1e!!i+n% "re$i+n (e "ro(&!!i+n 1 la "re$i+n e4er!i(a "or el elemento (e !ar#a la !&al mantiene la -ola en !onta!to !on el a$iento/
,lv&la o"era(a "or "re$i+n (e in1e!!i+n
 
V#lvulas operadas por ,uido (V)-+
La$ v,lv&la$ (e 3&i(o o v,lv&la$ o"era(a$ "or "re$i+n (e t&-er.a $on a)&ella$ (on(e la "re$i+n (e t&-er.a $e e4er!e $o-re el ,rea (el 0&elle/ Lo$ man(rile$ (e e$ta$ v,lv&la$ $on (i0erente$/ Un man(ril (e &na v,lv&la o"era(a "or 3&i(o 1 &na v,lv&la (e reten!i+n $e em"lean en o"era!ione$ !on "re$i+n (e t&-er.a/ C&an(o &na OF a-re% la "re$i+n (el reve$ti(or e$ #eneralmente <K> a >> "$i ma1or )&e la "re$i+n (e t&-er.a a la "ro0&n(i(a( (e la v,lv&la% ver Fi#// De e$ta 0orma% la ta$a 1 el a&mento total en "re$i+n o"&e$to al 0&elle (e$"&'$ (e )&e la v,lv&la a-re $on m&!2o ma1ore$ )&e lo$ (e &na v,lv&la o"era(a "or "re$i+n (e reve$ti(or/
 
 Ti"o$ (e In$tala!ione$
 
 Ti"o$ (e In$tala!ione$
 
 
"ediciones
El (e$em"e;o (el O"era(or en el !am"o% tiene 0&n(amental im"ortan!ia en el mane4o (e la in0orma!i+n (e la$ me(i!ione$ "ara el $e#&imiento (e la o"era!i+n (e #a$ li0t/ Un "o*o "&e(e re!ir!&lar #a$ $in "ro(&!ir "etr+leo 1 2a$ta )&e no $e mi(e o $e !ontrola en al#n re#i$tro% no $e (ete!ta/ Por otra "arte la$ me(i!ione$ 0&n(amentalmente (e #a$% "ara )&e $ean !ona-le$ tienen )&e !on!retar$e !on in$tr&mental !ali-ra(o 1 &na a(e!&a(a veri!a!i+n (e la !ali(a( (e la$ le!t&ra$ Lo$ re#i$tra(ore$ (e "re$i+n (i0eren!ial $on lo$ me(i(ore$ m,$ &$a(o$ 1 "&e(en leer tam-i'n% la "re$i+n e$t,ti!a/
E$to $e lo#ra !on &n re#i$tra(or (e "re$i+n (e (o-le "l&ma 1 e$ $&mamente til "ara (eterminar el 0&n!ionamiento (el "o*o !on la inter"reta!i+n (e la$ !arta$% "&e$ $e "&e(e i(enti!ar el 0&n!ionamiento (e la$ v,lv&la$% tiem"o$ (e in1e!!i+n% (e $&r#en!ia% (e re!&"era!i+n et!/ El "r+5imo "a$o 1 el m,$ im"ortante $er, en la -ater.a (on(e &n $e"ara(or (e !ontrol
 
DAT)S
Pro0&n(i(a( (e lo$ -aleo$ KK Ft Pro0&n(i(a( (el P Ft Pro0&n(i(a( nal K Ft Grave(a( e$"e!i!a (el #a$ >/Q API K Ca&(al (e li)&i(o 8l9 QQ BPD RGL ini!ial K> PCBF Gra(/ Fl&i(o E$t,ti!o o (e termina!i+n >/ "$iFt Pre$i+n (e re$ervorio <>> "$i Pre$i+n (e t&-er.a > "$i Pre$i+n (e i! oH o Ma5/ Pre$i+n (e in1e!!i+n >> "$i Pre$i+n (e o"era!i+n en $&"er!ie QK> "$i Pre$i+n (e 0on(o 3&1ente <Q>> "$i Pre$i+n (e $e"ara(or K> "$i  Tem"erat&ra (e re$ervorio <K F
 Tem"erat&ra (e $&"er!ie > F Gra(iente (e tem"erat&ra = F<>> Ft ,lv&la < 5 VW A- >/QK "&l#X
!AL!.L) DE LA */)-.NDIDAD DE LAS VALV.LAS
PROFUNDIDAD < ALULAS  
*/)-.NDIDAD 0 VALV.LA
*/)-.NDIDAD DE LA 12 VALV.LA