Topi, gatti, pipistrelli e Topi, gatti, pipistrelli e tappeti tappeti Geomatica per la ricerca, Geomatica per la ricerca, prevenzione e ricognizione prevenzione e ricognizione archeologicaarcheologica

Alessandro Russell (representative)Aerial Archaeology Research GroupSicily Sub-Committee

La geografia evade i suoi confini e invade il quotidianoI Sistemi Informativi Geografici: la provincia di nessuna disciplina

Palermo, Mercoledì 18 ottobre

The International Aerial Archaeology Research GroupIl Gruppo Internazionale di Ricerca in Archeologia Aerea

Il Gruppo Internazionale di Ricerca in Archeologia Aerea è

una piattaforma per lo scambio di idee ed informazioni per tutti i

ricercatori impegnati nella aerofoto-interpretazione, storia,

archeologia e architettura del paesaggio, pianificazione

territoriale, monitoraggio e mitigazione del rischio

ambientale.

Opera in Italia dal 2001 in virtù della abrogazione del Regio

Decreto XVIII – 19 Luglio 1939 in materia di ripresa e diffusione di materiale aero-cinefotografico.

The Archaeological Palimpsest Persian carpet

O.G.S. Crawford jokingly thought of the traditional

field archaeologist as Platonically busy in the

search for the particulars, while his/her

aerial colleagues could ponder upon universal

values.

The ones would be looking through the

fibres of a Persian carpet, while the others admire

the arabesques.

Rat, Cat, Bat & Mat 1Landscape: actors, survey, perspectives

Rat

Cat

Bat

Intrasito, sito, non-sito

intrasito, sito, intersito, non-sito

Paesaggi archeologici

Rat, Cat, Bat & Mat 2Landscape: actors, survey, perspectives

Marks ofThe Roman centuriazione

Plan of Imola

Leonardo D. V.1502

Part I – the pastLeonardo (1558)

Part I – the pastExperiments and stationarism (1858-1874)

Arago – 1839Daguerrotype – new mapping

Nadar – 1858“What (he) had really done

was to change the level of art to the level of science and

utility, from the artistic drawing to work tool”

King/Samuel – 1860Boston – earliest picture

Glaisher – 1862London from 20,000 feet

Lowe/Lincoln - 1863Spy balloons in the American

Civil War

Part I – the pastPignoni /Nadar and camera shake

Nadar – 1875Camera shake and steam glyders

Lilienthal -1884Glyder

Eddy, Batut, Archibald – 1880sKites

Jennings - 1909‘The chief difficulties arise from the tendency to over-exposure; vibration of the camera caused

by wind or movement; and atmospheric disturbances not always perceived by the eye but

plainly apparent in the negative’

‘camera shake may be limited by the rigidity of the camera and of its parts.’

Part I – the pastEarliest archaeological applications

Stolze - 1874Persepolis survey

Boni - 1899‘I have been on the Military

Engineers‟ balloon thrice, 400 mt above the Palatine Hill and

the Forum Romanum, I have taken a dozen exposures and

sketched the plans of monuments and views […] The

Coliseum, and Constantine’s Basilica looked like wooden

models!’

McKenzie – 1900Stonehenge 1

Boni- Vaglieri – 1900-1912Ostia and Pompeii

Capper – 1907Stonehenge 2

Part I – the past1909-12: The Quantum Leap, the Wrights and Farman planes

Part I – the past1911-1914: Wellcome’s kites & young Crawford

Wellcome - 1911The trolley kite had thus

freed archaeologists of their greatest constraint: the

immobility of hot-air balloons. Conversely, it

provided the exploratory potential for small-scale

surveys, anticipating the role of motor vectors.

Thus, Wellcome’ kites could take two types of pictures:

1. verticals, to obtain plans, as had already been the case

with Boni and Vaglieri;

2. obliques, to gain an overall view of the

landscape

Part I – the pastAir Mail Service in Persia, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan

Part I – the pastO.G.S. Crawford and the invention of Aerial Archaeology

Crawford (1922) Air Survey and Archaeology

Part I – the pastMark types

vegetation marksMarch-April

crop marksMay - June

Soil MarksJuly-September

Germination MarksOctober-December

Part I – the pastMark types

Part I – the pastMark types

Ice MarksJuly-September

Snow MarksOctober-December

Shadow MarksWinter or (dawn, dusk)

Part I – the pastMark types

False Friends

Part I – the pastFalse friends

Fire MarksJune-September

Part I – the pastMark types

Part I – the pastPhytoarchaeological table

Part I – the pastPhytoarchaeological table

Part I – National Mapping ProgrammeEnglish Heritage (22 million pictures)

Part I – Going DigitalAir Photo

Irwin Scollar – 1975/Rog Palmer - 1977Obliquists had always been confronted with

three fundamental problems:

A.Checking distortion created by the oblique

perspective (rectification);

B. Locating precisely the mark within a national reference grid (geo-referencing);

C. Making the millions of shots from the archives readily available.

Scollar designed three consecutive versions of AirPhoto, a software that can rectify

obliques into map-ready orthophotographs needless of any photogrammetric hardware.

Part I – Verticalism

AARG – NATO 2000 Workshop‘In Europe there is a great imbalance in

the results of aerial archaeology, with the countries of the United Kingdom leading

the way in terms of reconnaissance, archiving, mapping, and publication (…)

The limitations to opening up new landscapes are the administrative

limitations as in Romania, Greece, Spain and Bulgaria’

Foggia Training School - 20031. Low altitude (100-400m)/

instantaneous high res

2. Pics taken in best periods for spotting marks

3. Cheap sorties

4. High response: 1000 sites in 75 hours

5. Flexible thanks to pilot/archaeologist synergy

Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia

Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia

Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia

Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia

Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia

Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia

Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia

Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia

Part II – AARG SicilyResearch Perspectives

Ottime Prospettive

in SiciliaLitologia dominata da formazioni

calcarenitiche e gessoseAmpia diffusione di colture cerealicole

Clima steppico-aridoPrecipitazioni concentrate

Part II – Prior ResearchAdamesteanu, Soprintendenza della Sicilia Orientale& Schmiedt, Aerofototeca (1950s-1970s)

MIVIS – 1992/97Prospezioni del CNR-IIA su

Piazza Armerina Gela

- Helaesa- Selinunte

- Lilibeo- Mozia

rivela evidenze precedentementeignote attraverso attraverso analisi

della radianza termica su 102bande dello spettro comprese:

1. Visibile2. Infrarosso vicino3. Infrarosso medio

4. Infrarosso termico

Part II – Prior ResearchMIVIS , Italian National Research Council (1990s)

Part II – Prior ResearchDoneus, Universitat Wien/AARG (2002-3)

Part II – AARG Sicily

Part II – AARG Sicily

Part II – AARG Sicily

Part II – AARG Sicily

Part II – AARG Sicily

Part II – AARG Sicily

Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Qurlyiun

Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Rosamarina

Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Khāsū

Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Petterana

Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Iato

Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Khāsū

Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Al Burqiya

Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Qasr Nuwi

Over the last three seasons it has become apparent that archaeological crop, soil, and damp marks are rarer instances in Sicily than one might wish. That is hardly surprising given the high transpiration rates and consequently very narrow visibility windows (seven to ten days at the end of May for crop marks).

Such types of marks are best viewed on well drained plains, yet only 14% of the Island lies on flat land. Furthermore, the four largest plains (Mazara, Gela, Palermo, Catania) are extensively covered with vineyards and citrus groves. In both cases, ground visibility is close to zero for citrus are evergreen large-leaf trees, planted closely together to maximise space and revenue, whereas vines are lush green from April until the September harvest. What is more, neither will develop growth stress for they are fully irrigated.

The dominant morphology in Sicily is rather steep land (61% of the island is hilly, i.e. 200-800 m; 24% is mountainous, i.e. over 800 m). Site natural erosion, however, is relatively limited . So we had to look for a hilly research universe, the Province of Enna was just right.

Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials - Conclusions

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

DIARIO DI VOLO AARG RICOGNIZIONE SITI ARCHEOLOGICI PROVINCIA ENNA

CODICE MISSIONE ENNA4

PILOTA ROBERTO PASCALE

PIATTAFORMA ULTRALEGGERO SAVANNAH 80 HP

FOTOGRAFO ALESSANDRO RUSSELL

FOTOCAMERA OLYMPUS E-500

OTTICHE 14-45 MM/40-

DATA 29 GENNAIO 2008

DURATA 10.00-14.00 (4 H)

CONDIZIONI METEO SERENO

VISIBILITA’ MOLTO BUONA ()

TEMPERATURA SUL LIVELLO DEL MARE

ITINERARIO DI VOLO CAMPOFELICE-NICOSIA-VILLAROSA-ENNA-PIAZZA ARMERINA-PIETRAPERZIA-PIAZZARMERINA-AIDONE-CALASCIBETTA-

DISTANZA PERCORSA 432,651

WAYPOINT NOME AREA SCATTINI9 MONTE ALTESINA 1-2VI4 ??? 3-6EN27 COZZO MATRICE 7-11EN2 COZZO STAGLIO 12-13EN15 MONTE IUCULIA 14-17EN24 MASSERIA GERACE 18-23

EN21 SERRA D’API 24-26PA11 MONTAGNA DI

MARZO27-38

PA13 MONTE MANGANELLO

39-44

PA12 VALLONE RUGGELLO 45PA4 MASSERIA BRAEMI 46-48PA5 MONTE NAVONE 49-53PI1 RUNZI 54-59PA6 MONTE POLINO 60PA3 MONTE ROBIATO 61-65PA10 VILLA DEL CASALE 66-74

PIAZZA MODERNA 75-80AI1 QUARTIERE

ELLENISTICO96

AI2 AGORA’ 88-95AI3 MONTE CITTADELLA 81-87AI4 MONTE BURNEA 100-104AI5 MONTE CRUNICI 97-99

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey

Part III – AARG SicilyConstellations of high-res, high revisitation frquency, micro-satellites

Part III – AARG SicilyRetrieving WW2 material

Part III - National Mapping Programme English Heritage expenditure

Spese

Totale

1998

1997

1996

Year

€ 1,8 M (UK) >>>

5700

2225

1250

2225

Mapped area (sq km)

€ 0,8 M(Sicilia) >>>

55 (= € 1,6 M)

17,5

18,5

20

Staff

791,9

296

260

235.9

Air Hours

210

79

68

63

Sorties

6554

1952

2195

2407

Targets

€ 200.000

€ 71.000

€ 69.000

€ 60.000

Plane costs

In loving memory ofG.D.B. Jones

Dean of the School of Art History and ArchaeologyUniversity of Manchester

Con il quale una volta avevamo scommessosu chi sarebbe riuscito a rimanere

per più tempo coi piedi off the ground.

Come al solito, ha vinto lui.E adesso ci guarda dalla prospettiva che ama.

Alessandro Russell, B.A., D.Lett., M.A.RepresentativeAerial Archaeology Research GroupSicily Sub-Committeew http://aarg.univie.ac.atm sandrorussell@hotmail.coms alerussellt +39 349 125 1825

Alessandro Russell, B.A., D.Lett., M.A.RepresentativeAerial Archaeology Research GroupSicily Sub-Committeew http://aarg.univie.ac.atm sandrorussell@hotmail.coms alerussellt +39 349 125 1825

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