R ETE N ATURA 2000

Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Architettura del Paesaggio Laboratorio di Pianificazione del Paesaggio Prof. E. Trusiani, prof. G. Cozzolino

Studenti: Lotfpour Roodabeh, Mohammadi Fard Parisa, Sarlak Mahnaz

Cerulli Simone, Colabuono Patrizia, Felicioni Lorenzo, Lumaca Elisa

Aitala Marina

NATURA 2000 NETWORK

Natura 2000 is the centrepiece of EU nature & biodiversity policy. It is an

EUwide network of nature protection areas established under the

1992 Habitats Directive.The aim of the network is to assure the long-term

survival of Europe's most valuable and threatened species and habitats. It

is comprised of Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) designated by

Member States under the Habitats Directive, and also incorporates

Special Protection Areas (SPAs) which they designate under the

1979 Birds Directive. Natura 2000 is not a system of strict nature

reserves where all human activities are excluded. Whereas the network

will certainly include nature reserves most of the land is likely to continue

to be privately owned and the emphasis will be on ensuring that future

management is sustainable, both ecologically and economically. The

establishment of this network of protected areas also fulfils a Community

obligation under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. The directive

protects over 1.000 animals and plant species and over 200 so called

"habitat types" (e.g. special types of forests, meadows, wetlands, etc.),

which are of European importance. Natura 2000 applies to Birds

Sites and to Habitats Sites, which are divided into biogeographical

regions. It also applies to the marine environment.

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DEFINITION

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Natura 2000 is the centrepiece of EU nature & biodiversity policy. It is an

EUwide network of nature protection areas established under the

1992 Habitats Directive.

the aim of the network is to assure the long-term survival of Europe's

most valuable and threatened species and habitats. The EU is committed

to halting biodiversity loss within the EU by 2020.

Meembers of natura 2000 are as listed below:

Austria

Belgium.

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

The directive protects over 1.000 animals and plant species and over 200 so

called "habitat types" (e.g. special types of forests, meadows, wetlands, etc.),

which are of European importance.Over the last 25 years the EU has built up a

vast network of 26.000 protected areas in all the Member States and an area of

more than 750.000 km2, which is 18% of the EU’s land area. Known as Natura

2000, it is the largest network of protected areas in the world.

Natura 2000 is not a system of strict nature reserves where all human

activities are excluded. Whereas the network will certainly include nature

reserves most of the land is likely to continue to be privately owned and the

emphasis will be on ensuring that future management is sustainable, both

ecologically and economically. The establishment of this network of protected

areas also fulfils a Community obligation under the UN Convention on

Biological Diversity.

Natura 2000

Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) designated by Member

States under the Habitats Directive

incorporates Special Protection Areas (SPAs) which they designate

under the 1979 Birds Directive.

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DATABASE STRUCTURE

For each Natura 2000 site, national authorities have submitted a standard

data form (SDF) that contains an extensive description of the site and its

ecology. The European Topic Centre for Biological Diversity (ETC/BD),

based in Paris, is responsible for validating this data and creating an EU

wide descriptive database

The SEBI 2010 process’ institutional partners:

1. The European Environment Agency (and its European Topic Centre on

Biological Diversity)

2. ECNC (European Centre for Nature Conservation)

3. UNEP-WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre)

4. DG Environment of the European Commission

5. The PEBLDS Joint Secretariat

6. Czech Republic (as lead country for the Kiev Resolution action plan on

biodiversity indicators)

PROCESS

6 The results are split up in terrestrial and marine areas. For the terrestrial area, results are reported as

absolute numbers (km²) as well as ratios of the national terrestrial areas. Results for the marine area are only

shown as absolute numbers. All calculations are based on the same approach, i.e. summing up the area of SCIs

and SPAs by member state and correcting the result by deducting the amount of overlap between SCI and SPA.

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FINANCING

The main responsibility for financing Natura 2000 lies with the Member

States.In 2004 the Commission provided a first cost estimate of 6.1 billion

EUR per year for EU-25 Natura 2000 financing needs.

Based on data received from 25 Member States it is estimated that a

minimum of 5.8 billion EUR per year will be needed for EU-27 to manage

and restore the sites in the network.

However, these costs are greatly outweighed by the benefits provided by the

network. In addition to playing a crucial role in protecting Europe’s

biodiversity, Natura 2000 sites provide a wide range of other ecosystem

benefits and services to society. The economic value of these multiple benefits

has been considered to be very significant, but until recently few studies have

been undertaken to evaluate this in detail. DG Environment has

commissioned three contracts to help identify, evaluate and subsequently

demonstrate the economic benefits provided by Natura 2000.

-The first of the three studies provides a methodological framework for

assessing the overall economic value of the Natura 200 benefits and offers a

first broad assessment of what that value could be. It puts the figure in the

region of 200-300 billion EUR per year for the whole network.

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-The second study looks specifically at the economic value of benefits

provided by tourism and recreation and employment in relation to Natura

2000

- The third study proposes a tool for estimating the total economic value of

the changes to ecosystems services as a result of taking conservation

measures in Natura 2000 sites.

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PRIORITIZED ACTION FRAMEWORKS In order to encourage better integration of funds and to promote more

strategic planning of investments in Natura 2000, the Commission is

assisting Member States in the development of their prioritized action

frameworks (PAFs) under Article 8 of the Habitats Directive. PAFs will

better define the funding needs and priorities for Natura 2000 at a national

or regional level and so facilitate their integration into the forthcoming

operational programmes for the different EU funding instruments. Member

States have been asked to submit their PAFs to the Commission by the end

of 2012. For this purpose a common format has been agreed with the

Member States within the framework of the Habitats Committee. A working

document has also been prepared which gives examples on opportunities for

financing Natura 2000, based on practical experiences form the existing EU

funds.

OTHER FINANCING POLICIES

- Roundtables, Public Consultations, Conferences

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EU COMMISSION ADOPTS A BIODIVERSITY

STRATEGY TO 2020

oThe strategy is in line with two commitments made by EU leaders in March

2010. The first is the 2020 headline target: "Halting the loss of biodiversity and

the degradation of ecosystem services in the EU by 2020, and restoring them in

so far as feasible, while stepping up the EU contribution to averting global

biodiversity loss"; the second is the 2050 vision: “By 2050, European Union

biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides – its natural capital – are

protected, valued and appropriately restored for biodiversity's intrinsic value

and for their essential contribution to human wellbeing and economic

prosperity, and so that catastrophic changes caused by the loss of biodiversity

are avoided.”

The European Commission has adopted an ambitious new strategy to halt the

loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU by 2020. There are six

main targets, and 20 actions to help Europe reach its goal. Biodiversity loss is an

enormous challenge in the EU, with around one in four species currently

threatened with extinction and 88% of fish stocks over-exploited or significantly

depleted.

The six targets cover:

1- Full implementation of EU nature legislation to protect biodiversity

2- Better protection for ecosystems, and more use of green infrastructure

3- More sustainable agriculture and forestry

4- Better management of fish stocks

5- Tighter controls on invasive alien species

6- A bigger EU contribution to averting global biodiversity loss

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SITES-BIRDS DIRECTIVE

Under the Birds Directive

Member States select the most

suitable sites and designate them

directly as Special Protection

Areas (SPAs). These sites then

automatically become part of the

Natura 2000 network.

Member States have a margin of

discretion in determining the

most appropriate criteria.

However, they must then fully

apply those criteria in a way that

ensures that all the ‘most suitable

territories’, both in number and

surface area, are designated.

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HABITATS DIRECTIVE

The Habitats Directive (together with the Birds Directive) forms

the cornerstone of Europe's nature conservation policy. It is built

around two pillars: the Natura 2000 network of protected sites and the strict

system of species protection. All in all the directive protects over 1.000

animals and plant species and over 200 so called "habitat types" (e.g. special

types of forests, meadows, wetlands, etc.), which are of European importance.

FAQ HOW ARE NATURA 2000 SITES SELECTED?

The selection of NATURA 2000 sites is based exclusively on scientific

criteria, such as the size and density of populations of target species and the

ecological quality and area of target habitat types present in the site. The

directive does not lay down rules regarding the consultation process to be

followed in selecting the sites. This is for the Member States to determine.

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WHO MANAGES NATURA 2000 SITES?

Member States are responsible for the management of Natura 2000 sites.

However, it is recognized that marine sites where management activities

may involve regulating fisheries activities would benefit from action at

Community level. The Commission has consistently promoted the

development of management plans for this purpose.

IS DEVELOPMENT RESTRICTED ON NATURA SITES?

There is not any a priori prohibition of new activities or developments within

Natura 2000 sites. These need to be judged on a case by case basis. There is a

clear procedure in the Habitats Directive for assessment and subsequent

decisions relating to development proposals that are likely to have an impact

on designated sites.

HOW MUCH OF THEIR TERRITORY MUST MUMBER STATES

DESIGNATE AS AN AREA PROTECTED UNDER NATURA 2000?

There is not any a priori prohibition of new activities or developments within

Natura 2000 sites. These need to be judged on a case by case basis. There is a

clear procedure in the Habitats Directive for assessment and subsequent

decisions relating to development proposals that are likely to have an impact

on designated sites.

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IS THE NETWORK COMPLETE?

While the establishment of NATURA 2000 is not yet complete, considerable

progress has been achieved and an area larger in size than Germany,

equivalent to more that 15% of the EU’s territory, has now been proposed for

conservation under the network.

HOW IS COMMISSION INVOLVED WITH MEMBER STATES?

The Commission works closely with Member States and key stakeholder

groups on implementation issues. This is ensured through the Habitats and

Ornis Committees, which have a statutory role in implementation of the

nature directives, and a more recently established biannual meeting with

Nature directors. Regular meetings are also held with the European Habitats

Forum and Habitats Users Forum, which represent the different key

stakeholders. These contacts are invaluable for discussion of issues including

the financing and protection of the Natura 2000 network. The Commission is

also developing guidance documents on a range of topics to promote better

implementation.

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DO MEMBER STATES HAVE TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH

NATURA 2000 LEGISLATION TO RECEIVE STRUCTURAL FUNDS?

Member States should ensure full compliance with the legal requirements of

NATURA 2000 regardless of whether or not they are in receipt of Structural

Funds. However, it is particularly important to ensure compliance in

situations that involve Community funded programmes. In light of this

concern the Commission previously indicated to Member States that a failure

to present lists of NATURA 2000 sites could result in the suspension of

payments under certain structural fund programmes. The threat of

suspension of payments from such programmes was a precautionary measure

to ensure that Community funded programmes would not contribute to

irreparable damage to sites before they have been proposed officially for the

protection under the Natura 2000 regime.

HOW IS NETWORK FUNDED?

Current EU policy measures, in particular those under Rural Development

Policy such as the agri-environment regime, as well as the dedicated LIFE

Nature fund, are already providing substantial support to the establishment

of NATURA 2000. Discussions are ongoing concerning future financing of

Natura 2000

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WHEN ARE CANDIDATE COUNTRIES EXPECTED TO DESIGNATE

NATURA 2000 AREAS?

The early implementation of Natura 2000 in candidate countries is important

in order to ensure that future developments in these countries take full

account of their rich natural heritage. Therefore, no transition periods have

been agreed with candidate countries for the Natura 2000 network and they

will be required to designate Special Protection Areas under the Birds

Directive and propose Sites of Community Interest under the Habitats

Directive at the time of Accession. At their latest meeting of January 2003

the Environment Ministers of the candidate countries have restated their

commitment to NATURA 2000 and towards its early establishment.

WHAT STILL NEEDS TO BE DONE?

Finalizing the selection of sites;

Further development of NATURA 2000 in the offshore marine environment;

Clarifying the framework for Community funding;

Improving communication/explaining better the objectives of Natura 2000;

Working closely with the Candidate Countries on preparations for

implementing

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HABITATS DIRECTIVE SITES ACCORDING TO BIOGEOGRAPHICAL

REGIONS

The European Union has nine biogeographical regions, (Alpine - Atlantic -

Black Sea - Boreal - Continental - Macaronesian - Mediterranean -

Pannonian - Steppic), each with its own characteristic blend of vegetation,

climate and geology.

Under the Habitats Directive, Natura 2000 sites are selected on the basis of

national lists proposed by the Member States. For each biogeographical

region the Commission adopts a list of Sites of Community Importance (SCI)

which then become part of the network. Finally, the SCI are designated at

the national level as Special Areas of Conservation (SAC).

Under the Birds Directive Member States select the most suitable sites and

designate them directly as Special Protection Areas (SPAs). These sites then

automatically become part of the Natura 2000 network.

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Natura 2000 – The Alps

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Natura 2000 – Atlantic

biogeographical region

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Natura 2000 – Black Sea

biogeographical region

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Natura 2000 – Mediterranean biogeographical region

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Natura 2000 – Macaronesian

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Natura 2000 – Pannonian

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MARINE ENVIRONMENT 1.Atlantic Ocean

2.Baltic seas

3.Black Sea

4.Mediterranean Sea

5. North Sea

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WILDERNESS IN EUROPE

Mention wilderness and people usually conjure up images of the vast

expanses of Arctic tundra in Russia or steamy jungles in the Amazon. Few

would think of Europe as a place where nature is still pristine and relatively

untouched by humans. But one need only cite the Danube Delta or the

Białowieża Forest to recognise that Europe can be pretty wild in places too. It

is estimated that around 13% of the Natura 2000 Network contains

wilderness qualities

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NATURE 2000 BAROMETER

The Natura 2000 Barometer gives an overview of where we are in

establishing the Natura 2000 network, both under the Birds and the

Habitats Directives. It is managed by DG Environment with the technical

assistance of the European Environment Agency and is based on information

officially transmitted by Member States. The statistics are provided by

the European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity in Paris.

ACCESS TO NATURA 2000 DATA

With the assistance of the European Environment Agency, the European

Commission has developed a public Natura 2000 viewer which makes it

possible to explore Natura 2000 sites in every part of the EU at the press of a

button. Built on state of the art GIS (Geographical Information System)

technology, the public viewer is an interactive and user-friendly tool that

allows the user to travel seamlessly through the Natura 2000 sites over

different types of backgrounds (street maps, satellite imagery, bio-

geographical regions, Corine Land Cover, etc.) and to quickly locate sites and

related information on species and habitats of interest.

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ARTICLE 6 - SITE PROTECTION & MANAGEMENT

Article 6 is one of the most important articles in the Habitats Directive as it

defines how Natura 2000 sites are managed and protected. Paragraphs 6(1)

and 6(2) require that, within Natura 2000, Member States: take appropriate

conservation measures to maintain and restore the habitats and species for

which the site has been designated to a favourable conservation status. Avoid

damaging activities that could significantly disturb these species or

deteriorate the habitats of the protected species or habitat types.

Paragraphs 6(3) and 6(4) lay down the procedure to be followed when

planning new developments that might affect a Natura 2000 site. Thus: any

plan or project likely to have a significant effect on a Natura 2000, either

individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall undergo

an Appropriate Assessment to determine its implications for the site. The

competent authorities can only agree to the plan or project after having

ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned

(Article 6.3). In exceptional circumstances, a plan or project may still be

allowed to go ahead, in spite of a negative assessment, provided there are no

alternative solutions and the plan or project is considered to be of overriding

public interest. In such cases the Member State must take appropriate

compensatory measures to ensure that the overall coherence of the N2000

Network is protected. (Article 6.4)

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THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION (SAC)

SAC "special area of conservation” means a site of Community importance

designated by the Member States through a statutory, administrative and/or

contractual act where the necessary conservation measures are applied for

the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status, of the

natural habitats and/or the populations of the species for which the site is

designated.

Article 6.1 defines conservation measures that are required to be taken for

SACs: For special areas of conservation, Member States shall establish the

necessary conservation measures involving if need be, appropriate

management plans specifically designed for the sites or integrated into other

development plans and appropriate statutory, administrative or contractual

measures which correspond to the ecological requirements of the natural

habitat types in Annex I and the species in Annex II present on the site.

Member States Article 17 reports must contain in particular information on

the conservation measures referred to in Article 6.1 as well as an evaluation

of the impact of these measures on the conservation status of the natural

habitat types of Annex I and the species in annex II

The designation of an SCI as an SAC effectively triggers the implementation

of Article 6.1 since all the other measures under Article 6 – including the

duty to prevent further deterioration (Articles 6.2, 6.3, 6.4) - already apply to

SCIs and are therefore de facto applicable to SACs as well.

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The need for such positive conservation measures, within SACs, is

demonstrated by the findings of the last Article 17 Commission report (for

the period 2000-2006). This found that 65% of the assessments of habitat

types listed in Annex I and 54% of the assessments of species listed in

Annexes II, IV and V have an unfavourable conservation status.

Whereas Articles 3.3 and 10 of the Habitats Directive recognise that

improving the ecological coherence of Natura 2000 requires measures outside

of the sites, for the habitat types listed in annex I, the implementation of

Article 6 is the primary measure available under the Directive to maintain

and/or restore the habitat types listed in Annex I to FCS. Whereas there may

also be other species protection provisions available to them under the

Directive Article 6 is also a key provision for the protection of Annex II

species.

Member States can introduce new designation procedures or adapt existing

ones and/or underpin the designation by other legal acts. They have a choice

in the type of legal act they use - whether it is statutory, contractual or

administrative - and can decide at which administrative level (e.g. national

or regional) it is most appropriate to designate SACs. It is also up to Member

States to determine whether the designation act is done for one site at a time

or whether it covers multiple sites.

Legal provisions applying to SACs as a result of designation In order to

provide the necessary legal clarity, the SAC designation act must, in addition

to providing the name and location of the site, be clear and legally

transparent about:

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Species and habitat types for which the SAC is designated: for instance, by

listing - either in the act itself or in a separate legally binding document - all

the species of Annex II and habitat types of Annex I significantly present in

each site, (i.e. all species indicated in the Standard Data Form (SDF) as

having a significant population size and density 4 in relation to the

populations present within the national territory (population size category A,

B or C) and all habitat types indicated in the SDF as having an excellent (A),

good (B) or significant (C) representativity 5

SAC boundaries: by including a map or maps - either in the act itself or in a

separate statutory, administrative and/or contractual act (such as a public

register) with binding force - showing the precise boundary of the site(s). The

map should be in accordance with the relevant national/regional cartographic

systems and at a suitable scale to allow all interested and affected parties to

be able to determine the spatial location of the site in relation to land

holdings. The boundaries must not differ from those of the Site of

Community Importance (SCI) established for this area unless the borders of

an SCI have already been amended following the established procedure (Doc.

Hab.05-06-08) and subject to an updated Commission Decision

The SAC designation should provide, or be accompanied by, a transparent

mechanism for establishing and implementing these conservation measures

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It specifies in particular that: Measures taken pursuant to this Directive shall be

designed to maintain and restore, at a favourable conservation status, natural

habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of Community interest. In order to

ensure the restoration or maintenance of natural habitats and species of

Community interest, it is necessary to establish, inter alia: A coherent European

ecological network of special areas of conservation, (called Natura 2000); This

network, composed of sites hosting the natural habitat types and habitats of the

species listed in , shall enable the natural habitat types and the species’ habitats

concerned to be maintained or, where appropriate, restored at a favourable

conservation status in their natural range.

THE PURPOSE OF SAC DESIGNATION

Global biodiversity scenarios presented here force us to face the reality that the

2010 biodiversity target will not be reached in all areas: Fundamental changes

in individual behaviour and institutional structures have to take place in order

to avoid accelerating irreversible biodiversity losses. We need to go beyond

technical solutions and engage all our society in making ethical and socially

responsible choices. There is a growing body of knowledge and scientific data

already available on biodiversity, but there is little co-ordination amongst the

holders of this information, and there are many gaps in the information

available. To improve our efforts to turn knowledge into action and to

strengthen the science-policy dialogue, a breakthrough decision was taken last

week by the Parties of the Convention of Biological Diversity to consider the

establishment of an Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem

Services.

KEY MESSAGE FROM THE SESSION

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LA RETE NATURA 2000

DEFINIZIONE

La Rete NATURA 2000 ha origine con le due direttive europee,

“direttiva Habitat” 92/43/CEE e la “direttiva Uccelli” 79/409/CEE,

nate al fine di tutelare gli habitat e le specie

di particolare interesse comunitario

SCOPO

Garantire la conservazione della diversità biologica e la

sopravvivenza a lungo termine delle specie e degli habitat

COMPOSIZIONE

ZONE SPECIALI DI CONSERVAZIONE (ZSC)

designate ai sensi della direttiva 92/43/CEE (HABITAT) e

ZONE DI PROTEZIONE SPECIALE (ZPS)

designate ai sensi della direttiva 79/409/CEE (UCCELLI)

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Convenzione di Rasmar (1971) – afferma l’importanza delle zone umide per la

conservazione della biodiversità

Convenzione sulla Protezione del Patrimonio Culturale e Naturale (1972) – lista di siti da preservare a beneficio di tutta l’umanità

Convenzione sul Commercio Internazionale di Specie Minacciate di

Estinzione - CITES (1973) – regolamenta il commercio di specie vegetali e animali

Convenzione sulla Conservazione delle Specie Migratorie Appartenenti

alla Fauna Selvatica - CMS o Convenzione di Bonn (1979) - protezione di tutte le

specie animali che attraversano i confini delle nazioni durante le loro migrazioni

Convenzione di Berna (1979) - si riconoscono le specie selvatiche e gli habitat naturali

come patrimonio naturale da preservare per le generazioni future

Convenzione sulla Diversità Biologica - CBD (1992) - accordo storico - firmato da

150 Paesi a conclusione del primo Summit sulla Terra tenutosi a Rio de Janeiro, è stata

riconosciuta l’importanza delle risorse naturali e di un modello di sviluppo alternativo per il

futuro del genere umano.

LE CONVENZIONI INTERNAZIONALI

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LA BIODIVERSITÀ

“La diversità biologica è la variabilità tra gli esseri viventi in tutte le sue forme [...]

essa comprende la diversità all’interno di ogni specie, tra le specie e degli ecosistemi.”

(Art. 2, Convenzione sulla Diversità Biologica)

E’ l’espressione assoluta della varietà della vita sulla Terra. Rappresenta un

patrimonio inestimabile da cui dipende l’equilibrio del Pianeta e la nostra stessa

esistenza

La perdita di specie animali e vegetali mette a rischio lo stato di salute degli

ecosistemi

Aria, acqua pulita, cibo e materie prime

Vari livelli di diversità biologica:

- DIVERSITA’ GENETICA: variabilità del patrimonio ereditario di ciascun individuo

-DIVERSITA’ DEGLI ORGANISMI: Specie, generi, famiglie

-- DIVERSITA’ ECOLOGICA: differenze esistenti tra i vari habitat

La biodiversità non è distribuita in modo uguale sulla Terra.

E’ massima nelle zone tropicali e minima in aree con climi più rigidi

Esistono zone di estensione limitata ma molto ricche di specie, gli HOTSPOTS, che

sono quindi di importanza prioritaria per la conservazione

PERCHÈ TUTELARLA?

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Aree di importanza prioritaria per la biodiversità - Hotspots

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Le direttive comunitarie rappresentano il mezzo per “ricucire”un territorio, come

quello europeo, che ha subito la frammentazione degli ambienti naturali a favore

dell'urbanizzazione, dell'attività industriale, dell'agricoltura intensiva, delle

infrastrutture, ecc.

L'isolamento di habitat, di popolazioni e di specie è pericoloso perché

compromette la loro sopravvivenza riducendo l'area minima vitale. Un concetto

questo più facilmente comprensibile se riferito a specie come l'orso o il camoscio

appenninico, che trovano una grave minaccia alla loro sopravvivenza se

rimangono isolate in aree protette senza possibilità di comunicazione con altre

aree e con altre popolazioni della loro specie, ma che è valido per tutte le specie e

gli habitat.

La conseguenza pratica è che, per rendere funzionale la rete Natura 2000, si

devono promuovere interventi che rimuovano le minacce alle specie e agli

habitat e che vadano anche a intervenire su situazioni ambientali parzialmente

compromesse che abbiano la potenzialità di rinaturalizzarsi

LE DIRETTIVE

DIRETTIVA UCCELLI DIRETTIVA HABITAT

Protegge tutte le specie di uccelli Protegge solo alcuni habitat e specie

Non vi sono specie prioritarie Maggiore attenzione per specie ed habitat

prioritari

Misure restrittive di conservazione di habitat e

specie

Una tutela più flessibile per habitat e specie

Istituzione di ZPS Istituzione di ZSC individuate prima come pSIC

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L'Italia, dal 1995 al 1997, ha individuato sul territorio nazionale le aree

proponibili come SIC attraverso il programma "Bioitaly" (cofinanziato dalla

Commissione Europea nell'ambito del programma LIFE Natura 1994) stipulato

tra il Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio – Direzione per la

Conservazione della Natura e le Regioni e Province autonome

Queste ultime si sono avvalse della collaborazione scientifica della Società

Botanica Italiana (SBI), dell'Unione Zoologica Italiana (UZI) e della Società

Italiana di Ecologia (SItE) mediante propri referenti regionali che hanno

coordinato l'attività dei numerosi rilevatori di campo. L'Italia ha trasmesso i

propri dati alla Commissione Europea il 30 giugno 1997, nei termini previsti.

Successivamente ha preso avvio lo svolgimento dei cosiddetti seminari

biogeografici, incontri tecnici tra Stati membri e Commissione europea, durante

i quali vengono verificate le liste di habitat e specie presenti e valutata la

sufficienza dei siti presentati per la tutela complessiva dell'habitat o della specie

a livello comunitario. La banca dati informatizzata, le schede cartacee Natura

2000 e le relative cartografie sono disponibili presso le Amministrazioni

regionali competenti e presso la Direzione Conservazione della Natura del

Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio.

L’ITALIA E LA RETE NATURA 2000

LA DIRETTIVA 92/43/CEE “HABITAT”

SCOPO

Contribuire a salvaguardare la biodiversità mediante la conservazione degli habitat

naturali, nonché della flora e della fauna selvatiche nel territorio europeo

MEZZI

- Istituzione di zone speciali di conservazione (ZSC) individuate come siti di

importanza comunitaria (SIC) per la tutela degli habitat naturali di interesse

comunitario e degli habitat delle specie animali e vegetali di interesse comunitario

-Regime di tutela per le specie animali e vegetali di interesse comunitario che

necessitano di una protezione rigorosa

ALLEGATI

I: tipi di habitat naturali d’interesse comunitario la cui conservazione richiede la

designazione di aree speciali

II: specie animali e vegetali d'interesse comunitario la cui

conservazione richiede la designazione di zone speciali di conservazione

III: criteri di selezione dei siti atti ad essere individuati quali siti di importanza

comunitaria e designati quali zone speciali di conservazione

IV: specie animali e vegetali di interesse comunitario che richiedono una protezione

rigorosa

V: specie animali e vegetali di interesse comunitario il cui prelievo nella natura e il cui

sfruttamento potrebbero formare oggetto di misure digestione

VI: metodi e mezzi di cattura e di uccisione nonché modalità di trasporto vietato

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43

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LA DIRETTIVA 79/409/CEE “UCCELLI”

SCOPO

Contribuire alla conservazione di tutte le specie di uccelli viventi naturalmente

allo stato selvatico nel territorio europeo

MEZZI

Istituzione di zone di protezione speciale (ZPS) per la tutela delle specie

soggette a speciali misure di conservazione Direttiva «Uccelli» 79/409/CEE

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Formulario standard sito dei Monti Lucretili (ZPS ) – IT6030029

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Allegato I - Tipi di habitat presenti nel sito e relativa valutazione - Monti Lucretili

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Specie riferite all’articolo 4 della

direttiva 2009/147/EC con la

distribuzione nel sito dei Monti

Lucretili

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Altre specie di flora e fauna presenti nel

sito dei Monti Lucretili

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Descrizione del sito dei Monti Lucretili

DESCRIZIONE DEGLI HABITAT PRESENTI NELL’AREA

DEI MONTI LUCRETILI

Codice

Natura 2000

Definizione Natura 2000

Codice Corine

Biotopes

Definizione Corine

Biotopes

5330 Arbusteti termomediterranei e

predesertici 32.22 Formazioni ad Euphorbia

dendroides

32.23 Formazioni ad Ampelodesmus

mauritanicus

32.24 Formazioni a palma nana

32.25 Macchia bassa a Periploca

angustifolia

32.26 Retameti. formazioni a geniste

termomediterranee

6210 Formazioni erbose secche

seminaturali

e facies coperte da cespugli su

substrato

calcareo (Festuco-Brometalia)

34.313 Prati steppici sub-continentali

- Formazioni delle Alpi

interne centro-orietali

34.314 Prati steppici sub-continentali

- Formazioni delle Alpi

interne occidentali e appennino

settentrionale

34.323 Praterie xeriche del piano

collinare. dominate da

Brachypodium rupestre, B.

caespitosum

34.326 Praterie mesiche del piano

collinare

34.332 Praterie aride dello xerobromion

34.74 Praterie montane dell’Appennino

centrale e meridionale 50

DESCRIZIONE DEGLI HABITAT PRESENTI NELL’AREA

DEI MONTI LUCRETILI

Codice

Natura 2000

Definizione Natura 2000

Codice Corine

Biotopes

Definizione Corine

Biotopes

6220 Percorsi substeppici di

graminacee e

piante annue dei Thero-

Brachypodietea

34.5 Prati aridi mediterranei

34.6 Steppe di alte erbe

mediterranee

8210 Formazioni erbose secche

seminaturali

e facies coperte da

cespugli su substrato

calcareo (Festuco-

Brometalia)

62.11 Rupi mediterranee

62.13 Rupi basiche delle Alpi

marittime e Appennino

settentrionale

62.14 Rupi basiche dei rilievi

dell’Italia meridionale

62.15 Rupi basiche delle Alpi

9210 Faggeti degli Appennini

con Taxus e Ilex

41.18 Faggete dell’Italia

Meridionale

e Sicilia

9260 Foreste di Castanea

sativa

41.9 Castagneti

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57

DISTRIBUZIONE DEI SIC E DELLE ZPS NELLA REGIONE LAZIO

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ZPS MONTI LUCRETILI

ZPS HA

ZPS IT 6030029 Monti Lucretili 11636

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SIC MONTI LUCRETILI – MONTE GENNARO (VERSANTE SW)

SIC HA

SIC IT 6030030 Monte Gennaro (Versante SW) 338

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SIC MONTI LUCRETILI – MONTE PELLECCHIA

SIC HA

SIC IT 6030031 Monte Pellecchia 1110

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SIC MONTI LUCRETILI – MONTE GENNARO (VERSANTE SW)

SIC HA

SIC IT 6030032 Torrente Licenza ed affluenti 235

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SIC MONTI LUCRETILI – MONTE GENNARO (VERSANTE SW)

SIC HA

SIC IT 6030051 Basso Corso del Rio Fiumicino 83

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COMUNI DEI MONTI LUCRETILI

COMUN

E

ZPS SIC PRO

VIN

CIA

Castel

Madama

IT 6030029

Roma

Ciciliano IT 6030029

Roma

Guidonia

Montecelio

IT 6030029

Roma

Licenza

IT 6030029

IT

6030031 /

IT

6030032 Roma

Mandela IT 6030029

Roma

Marcellina IT 6030029 Roma

Mentana IT 6030029

Roma

Monteflavio IT 6030029

IT

6030031 Roma

Montelibretti IT 6030029

Roma

Monterotond

o

IT 6030029

Roma

Montorio

Romano IT 6030029 Roma

Moricone IT 6030029 Roma

Nerola IT 6030029

Roma

Palombara

sabina IT 6030029 IT

6030030 Roma

Percile IT 6030029

IT

6030032 Roma

Roccagiovine

IT 6030029 Roma

Sambuci IT 6030029

Roma

San Gregorio

da Sassola

IT 6030029

Roma

San Polo dei

Cavalieri IT 6030029 IT

6030030 Roma

Sant’Angelo

Romano

IT 6030029

IT 6030015 Roma

Saracinesco IT 6030029

Roma

Tivoli IT 6030029

Roma

Vicovaro IT 6030029

IT

6030051 Roma

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PROTOCOLLO CORINE LAND COVER (CLC)

Cartografica CLC

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LEGENDA

Legenda alfa-numerica CLC

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FORMULARIO E CARTOGRAFIA

In Italia l’individuazione delle aree Zone di Protezione Speciale (ZPS) viene

svolta dalle Regioni, che ne richiedono successivamente la designazione al

Ministero dell’Ambiente, Servizio Conservazione della Natura presentando un

formulario Natura 2000 e la cartografia dei siti proposti.

Dopo la verifica della completezza e congruenza delle informazioni trasmesse il

Servizio Conservazione della Natura passa la documentazione al Ministro

dell’ambiente.

Dalla data di designazione, con lettera del Ministro, le Zone di Protezione

Speciale entrano automaticamente a far parte della rete Natura 2000 e su di

esse si applicano pienamente le indicazioni della direttiva Habitat in termini di

tutela e gestione.

Nel formulario standard è determinante il livello delle informazioni sugli

habitat e sulle specie di interesse comunitario che saranno raccolte nei prossimi

anni. I siti classificati secondo la direttiva "Uccelli" e la direttiva "Habitat"

costituiranno congiuntamente la rete NATURA 2000 un riferimento comune per

entrambi i tipi è pertanto essenziale a fini di coerenza; la raccolta dei dati

riprende tutti gli aspetti delle due direttive in un unico formulario, è quindi

sufficiente per entrambe.

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LA VALUTAZIONE DI INCIDENZA

La valutazione d'incidenza è il procedimento di carattere preventivo al quale

è necessario sottoporre qualsiasi piano o progetto che possa avere incidenze

significative su un sito o proposto sito della rete Natura 2000, singolarmente o

congiuntamente ad altri piani e progetti e tenuto conto degli obiettivi di

conservazione del sito stesso.

Ai fini della valutazione di incidenza, i proponenti di piani e interventi, non

finalizzati unicamente alla conservazione di specie e habitat di un sito Natura

2000, presentano uno "studio" volto ad individuare e valutare i principali effetti

che il piano o l'intervento può avere sul sito interessato.

LA METODOLOGIA

La metodologia procedurale proposta nella guida della Commissione è un

percorso di analisi e valutazione progressiva che si compone di 4 fasi principali:

FASE 1: verifica (screening) - identifica la possibile incidenza significativa su un

sito della rete.

FASE 2: valutazione "appropriata" - analisi dell'incidenza del piano o del

progetto sull'integrità del sito

FASE 3: analisi di soluzioni alternative - individuazione e analisi di eventuali

soluzioni alternative per raggiungere gli obiettivi del progetto o del piano

evitando incidenze negative sull'integrità del sito

FASE 4: definizione di misure di compensazione - individuazione di azioni,

anche preventive, in grado di bilanciare le incidenze previste

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GRAFICO DELLA PROCEDURA DI ANALISI DI PIANI E PROGETTI

CONCERNENTI I SITI NATURA 2000

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GLI INDICATORI ECOLOGICI

L’indicatore descrive la

distribuzione del valore ecologico

per il territorio italiano,

rappresentata da una suddivisione

in classi, con indicazioni

qualitative e quantitative sulla

distribuzione degli habitat presenti

all’interno di tali classi.

Consente di effettuare la

distribuzione spaziale su un’area

vasta, con particolare riferimento

alle classi alta e molto-alta e

permette di evidenziare quali sono,

dove sono e quali superfici

occupano gli habitat presenti in

tali aree. Inoltre, l’indicatore

consente un confronto tra tali aree

e quelle sottoposte a tutela,

fornendo utili indicazioni ai fini

della individuazione di ulteriori

aree da proteggere o in generale ai

fini della pianificazione territoriale

di livello nazionale e regionale.

Valore ecologico - Regione Lazio

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Valore ecologico - Regione Lazio