Rassegna Stampa Olimpias Settimana 12: 25-03-2016...2003/12/25  · Rassegna Stampa Olimpias...

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Rassegna Stampa Olimpias Settimana 12: 25-03-2016 Wabi comunicazione d’impresa

Transcript of Rassegna Stampa Olimpias Settimana 12: 25-03-2016...2003/12/25  · Rassegna Stampa Olimpias...

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SOMMARI O

Olim pias

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Com pet itor

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Set tore

• Export di maglier ia olt re i 4,2 m iliardi • Levis St rauss shares its water-saving st rategies • The Harvard Library That Protects The World's Rarest Colors • Egypt garment sector eyes ways to boost performances • TPP Opposit ion I ncreases, Some See the Deal at Risk

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Olim pias

Gent ile utente, non ci sono aggiornament i in questa sezione della rassegna stampa

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Com pet itor

Gent ile utente, non ci sono aggiornament i in questa sezione della rassegna stampa

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SETTORE

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T h e H a r v a r d Lib r a r y T h a t P r o t e ct s T h e W o r ld ' s Ra r e st

Co lo r s

The most unusual colors from Harvard's storied pigment library include beet le

ext racts, poisonous m etals, and human mummies.

Today, every color im aginable is at your f ingert ips. You can peruse paint swatches at

hardware stores, flip through Pantone books, and fuss with the color f inder that comes

with most computer programs, unt il achieving the hue of your heart 's desire. But

rewind to a few centuries ago and finding that one specific color m ight have meant

t rekking to a single m ineral deposit in remote Afghanistan—as was the case with lapis

lazuli, a rock pr ized for its br illiant blue hue, which made it more valuable than gold in

medieval t imes.

Port rait of Edward Waldo Forbes, undated. Photograph by Bachrach. Fogg History Photographs, Fogg Benefactors, file 1.Harvard Art Museum s Archives

The history of pigments goes back to prehistoric t imes, but much of what we know

about how they relate to the art wor ld com es from Edward Forbes, a histor ian and

director of the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard University from 1909 to 1944. Considered

the father of art conservat ion in the United States, Forbes t raveled around the world

amassing pigments in order to authent icate classical I talian paint ings. Over the years,

theForbes Pigment Collect ion—as his collect ion came to be known—grew to more than

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2,500 different specimens, each with its own layered backstory on its or igin,

product ion, and use.

Today, the collect ion is used most ly for scient if ic analysis, providing standard

pigments to compare to unknowns. Narayan Khandekar is the director of the St raus

Center for Conservat ion and Technical Studies at the Harvard Art Museums and the

collect ion's custodian. For the last 10 years, Khandekar has rebuilt the collect ion to

include modern pigm ents to bet ter analyze 20th century and contemporary art .

"People would harvest mumm ies from Egypt and then ext ract the brown resin material that was on the wrappings . . . and turn that into a pigm ent ."

A lot has changed in the art world since painters worked with "colormen"—as

t radesmen in dyes and pigments were known—to obtain their m edium. The

commercializat ion of paints has t ransformed that process. "Art ists today will use

anything to get the idea that 's in their head into a physical form ," Khandekar says. " I t

could be pieces of plast ic. I t could be cans of food. I t could be anything. We need to

be able to ident ify lots of different mater ials that are indust r ially produced as well as

things that are produced specifically for art ists' use."

The pigments in the Forbes collect ion come from all over the wor ld, and some are stored in their or iginal delicate glass containers.Jenny Stenger, © President and Fellows of Harvard College

The way he describes his work researching and cataloging pigments is akin to

detect ive work. "We use our inst ruments in the same way that forensic scient ists do,"

Khandekar says. "We examine and find out what we can about the key compounds

that will tell us the m aterial's or igin." But instead of tools such as DNA analysis, he

and his team of conservat ion scient ists use techniques such asRaman

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spect roscopy, mass spect rometry, gas chromatography, and elect ron m icroscopy to

map out the precise chemical composit ion of a pigment .

The St raus Center’s materials collect ion includes an impressive array of pigments to aid research and conservat ion work.Peter Vanderwarker

For example, their work was inst rumental in proving that a Jackson Pollock paint ing

"rediscovered" in 2007 was actually a fake, after pigment analysis revealed that a

specific red color was manufactured 20 years after the art ist 's death. The color, Red

254, was a by-product of a chemical react ion first documented in 1974; it 's also

nicknamed

"Ferrari red."

"Every pigment has it s own story," Khandekar says. With that in m ind, we asked him

to share the stories of 10 of the rarest and most interest ing pigm ents in the Forbes

collect ion.

Harvard Art Museums, © President and Fellows of Harvard College

Synthet ic Ult ram ar ine

"This was discovered in 1826 as the result of a contest . I n a way it is like discovering

how to make gold as art ists no longer had to buy natural ult ram arine at great cost ."

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Mum m y Brow n

"People would harvest mumm ies from Egypt and then ext ract the brown resin

material that was on the wrappings around the bodies and turn that into a pigment .

I t 's a very bizarre kind of pigment , I 've got to say, but it was very popular in the 18th

and 19th centur ies."

Brazilw ood

"Brazilwood is any of several t ropical t rees of the senna genus. I ts hard, red-color

wood has had lim ited use for violins, bows, veneer, and high-qualit y furniture. The

wood contains the colorant brasilin, which gives a deep- red to brownish color.

Brazilwood dye has been used for text ile and leather dyes, inks, paints, varnish t ints,

and wood stains."

Quercit ron

"A yellow vegetable dye, quercit ron is ext racted from the black or dark brown bark of

the black oak, Quercus velut ina, that is nat ive to the Eastern and Midwestern parts of

the United States."

Annat to

"The lipst ick plant—a small t ree, Bixa orellana, nat ive to Cent ral and South America—

produces annat to, a natural orange dye. Seeds from the plant are contained in a pod

surrounded with a br ight red pulp. Current ly, annat to is used to color but ter, cheese,

and cosmet ics."

Lapis Lazuli

"People would m ine it in Afghanistan, ship it across Europe, and it was more

expensive that gold so it would have its own budget line on a commission."

Dragon's Blood

" I t has a great name, but it 's not from dragons. [ The bright red pigment ] is from the

rat tan palm ."

Cochineal

"This red dye comes from squashed beet les, and it 's used in cosmet ics and food."

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Harvard Art Museums, © President and Fellows of Harvard College

Cadm ium Yellow

"Cadm ium yellow was int roduced in the m id 19th century. I t 's a bright yellow that

many impressionists used. Cadm ium is a heavy metal, very toxic. I n the early 20th

century, cadm ium red was int roduced. You find these pigments used in indust r ial

processes. Up unt il the 1970s, Lego br icks had cadm ium pigment in them."

Em erald Green

"This is made from copper acetoarsenite. We had a Van Gogh with a br ight green

background that was ident if ied as emerald green. Pigments used for art ists' purposes

can find their way into use in other areas as well. Emerald green was used as an

insect icide, and you often see it on older wood that would be put into the ground, like

railroad t ies."

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TPP Opposition Increases, Some See the Deal at Risk by Tara Donaldson

Posted on March 10, 2016 in Trade

Though Republicans have generally erred on the side of free trade, that sentiment seems to

have shifted—at least where the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is concerned.

Trade fears were evident among Republican voters in the Michigan and Mississippi primaries,

a Wall Street Journal article noted, adding that some feel skepticism of slackened trade

restrictions is widening.

The current leading contender for the Republican nomination, Donald Trump has been loudly

opposed to TPP, and Democrats aren’t exactly rallying for the free trade deal either.

Democratic front-runner Hillary Clinton isn’t in favor of it, nor is Bernie Sanders.

Beyond the primaries, U.S. Senator Jeff Sessions (R-Al.), has his own opinions on how to

“undo the damage of TPP.”

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“This election may be the last chance you have to retake control of your country,” he wrote in

an op-ed for Greenville News last month. “Years of failed trade policies have eroded our

manufacturing base and eliminated millions of jobs.”

Sessions said, speaking at a National Press Club event in Washington, D.C. Thursday, that

the U.S. would be better off negotiating individual deals with Pacific Rim nations.

“We should do it bilaterally so if we have a dispute and they want to access the thing they want

the most—our market—then we have got leverage,” the Australian Associated Press reported

Sessions as saying. “We can push back a lot better than if we have to go through a 10 or 11-

nation commission to vote on it.”

On the Democratic side, House Representative Louise Slaughter (D-NY), wrote in The Hill

Tuesday that TPP is bad news for jobs, wages and the environment—and that the agreement

ties the U.S. to countries that don’t value women’s rights, in light of International Women’s

Day.

“There are hundreds of reasons why the TPP is a mistake,” she wrote. “As the representative

of Rochester, New York, I have never seen a trade agreement that benefited the American

manufacturer or American worker. We were decimated by NAFTA and have lost tens of

thousands of manufacturing jobs in my area since it went into effect, culminating in one of the

highest poverty rates in the country. For that reason alone, we cannot afford another NAFTA-

style trade agreement like the TPP.”

Even though TPP has been signed by the 12 member nations, the deal still needs

congressional approval, and some feel the primaries could hold up an effort in Congress to

consider the agreement. Rep. Walter Jones (R-NC) told the Journal a vote on the deal would

create a campaign issue and that if the leadership starts pushing TPP, it would be a negative

for the deal.

The more opposition TPP gets, the more the Obama Administration will likely have to reiterate

its benefits.

“Tuesday night’s results show how difficult it would be in this environment for congressional

Republican leaders to seek passage this year of the TPP, a pact the White House sees as a

linchpin to its commercial and foreign-policy strategy to compete with China—which isn’t a

party to the deal—in the Pacific region,” the Journal reported.