pf Heusler CPP-GMR (TDK)!! The highest MR ratio (28.8%@RT) is the best record in all of the reports
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678797:!
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ERLEFG#!H0'IJKL 2009M7N9~11OP6GQRS0TUVBCWX!
Research
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bc!0Ra!
x7!
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x71!
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e-
S Js = J!- J"
J e = J!+ J"
¡¢lF = 1 ~ 10 nm @A£¤!
!"#¥¦§¢lsf = 1 ~ 10 nm ¨de@A!
!100 ~ 1000 nm ©de@A!
bc!0R*! dª«X¬!
!"#®!!"#¥¦§!
¦¯°! bcde-±²³´µ!
!"#$%&'!µ¶!
7·¸F!! GMR / TMR¹Kº! d»#E0! d¼½¾MRAM! !"#$¿#!À!
6ÁÂÃ! Är|Ã! !"#ÅÃ!
Æ7Ç!
ÈÉ7ÇÊ!
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!"#ÍÎÏÐÑÒ! ZÓ?ÔÓde! ÕÖ×Ø?dÙÚe! ÛܾÝÞߨde!
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á=dâãäåGMR! $#QRdâãäåTMR! !"#tu?æç!
dèé?^Fbê'!! dëìí! !"#î0Räå! |Þßd!
(7)!
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úû?ºK$!
bcü!
ý°¼·Ý¢! þ*·!'*ÿ!dNsSs*! "#-$%&'()*$+,*%-]!
¹Kº¢! GMR or TMR.Ò$%&' /03]!
100 GbS12K$/inch2 34!
1 bit 56+100 nm 7Ú38!
90º·!'º¿Fù!
3.5!"#$%&'()*!
90º·!'Ó:;±?@*YA!
B?@! ùF'!R0!
+!
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30%/year!
60%/year!
100%/year!
30%/year!
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MR45&!
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TMR45&DTi-O, Al-OE!
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TMR45&DMgOE!
JKKL+1M%N?OPQRSSSSSSSSS!
á=dâãäå! GMR*YA!
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HDD :;±?@GMR45&:kP!
Nobel week, December 2007!
ノーベル賞講演にて 12月8日
スウェーデンロイヤルアカデミーによるレセプションにて 12月7日
授賞式にて 12月10日
晩餐会にて 12月10日
FGk·¸F!X¬!(1)!
CPP (Current-Perpendicular-to-Planel¤ÓHIJx) K!
PA(B)¢!"#rsL!
sub µm ~ µm 4Mxs!!"#!
8Mxs!
¨de@A!A
ÿNO!
or
I
ÿNO!= PQ°¢$#QRdâãäåTMR!
!77@7A¢á=dâãäåCPP-GMR!
¨de@A!B
MA
MB
RÒS¢MRAM»R! 7777TU¹Kº!
dâãäåMR! *=VW!
!R
R PA$PB !"¢!
FGk·¸F!X¬!(2)!
Lateral structureÓXX¬K!
VG
¨de@A! ¨de@A!
I
Je = J! + J" = 0
Js = J! - J" # 0
©de°!
!"#$%!
Non-local geometry
YZ!"#1! !"#rsx1!
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!"#vw¥¦!
RÒS¢!"#$¿#!À!
sub µm ~ µm
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\]FG^_!
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!"#tu!Spin injectionE!
!"#vw!Spin relaxationE!
-a!$%äL`a!"#1U[$P!
§bc!"#11a]!
6!"#rs()!
dwd¢!
x*!"#rsL!
Fe: +0.40
Co: +0.35 Ni : +0.23
¨de!3d =ì@A!
*!"#rsL!
90˼ÀR; P = 1!
îF!¿0Ø@! 7NiMnSb, Co2MnSi, Co2MnAl, etc.
=ì@AeÆ! 7CrO2, Fe3O4, LSMO, etc.!
90˼ÀR¢îF!¿0Ø@!
C1 b structure!
XYZ
L2 1 structure!
X2YZ (NiMnSb etc.)
(Co2MnSi, Co2MnGe etc.)
half-Heusler full-Heusler
Co2MnSi (CMS)
Half-metallic energy gap : 400 – 600 meV
Highly ordered L21-structure is
easily obtained.
High Tc (~ 985K)
ホイスラー TMR の発展
îF!¿0TMR-MgO-TMR
CoFeB/MgO
fâã-TMR
ghÓç56+*âãiRA-! âãªLMR ratio*fg!
fâã!jkTMR*lm! !"#tuäL*lm!
Gïk!
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TMR
CPP-GMR
!"#tun!
CCP-NOL
(Toshiba)! Heusler CPP-GMR
(Seagate)!
Heusler CPP-GMR
(HGST)!
Target
2 Tbit/in2!
3d Ferro CPP-GMR
(NHK)! 3d Ferro CPP-GMR
(Toshiba)!
3d Ferro CPP-GMR
(Fujitsu)!
M R
r a ti
o [
% ]!
RA [!·µm2]!
MgO-MTJ
Heusler CPP-GMR
(TDK)!
! The highest MR ratio (28.8%@RT) is the
best record in all of the reports to date.
Fully-epitaxial growth in CMS/Ag/CMS
Co2MnSi/Ag/Co2MnSi fully-epitaxial CPP-GMR device!
Iwase et al., Appl. Phys. Express, 2, 063003 (2009).
書き込み
読み出し
fâã7opq! 6âã7orq!
‘0’ ‘1’ 磁化反転
メモリセル配列
d¿#^sÝ'»!¼½¾MRAM*tu0!
1. vVw0x1*fl!
2. e¸¿xÛyz¢MTJÃ*{e! 7!- âã|}~TMR*{e!
7!- vVw0x1*{e!
3. S12K$*=! 7!- fx1vVw0! 7!- Å)*4! 7!- CMOS˾0!
!"#tudèé!
mRAM:nopq!
AP P
P AP
Hex: External magnetic field
Hani: Anisotropy field
P : Spin polarization factor
!: Damping parameter
": Gyromagnetic ratio
Ms: Saturation magnetization
d : Layer thickness
!"#1!}d45!"#tudèé!
HId!TMR / CPP-GMR
Fully epitaxial
8O!
HIdO!
HIdO!
ÿNO$#QRë!
F7!
FePt(001)
Au(001) or MgO(001)
FePt(001)
MgO(001)
Au(001)
6dÙÚed*e!
*,dÙÚe!"#tudèé(! 6ç!
HId*.e!
Ý!'$4!
Current-induced domain wall motion
Spin-transfer effect
MFM observation of domain wall movement
by spin polarized current in a permalloy
nanowire without external magnetic field
(A. Yamaguchi et al., PRL 92 (2004) 077205.)
!"#1-d^FbêK'!!
Current-induced vortex core motion
(S. Kasai et al., PRL 101 (2008) 237203.)
Time-resolved M-TXM observation of
vortex core motion driven by ac current
in a permalloy disk
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HIdFePt/Auó!|á=!"#î0Räå!
Electrical detection of giant spin
Hall effect at room temperature
T. Seki et al., Nature Materials, 7 (2008) 125.
Spin Hall angle ~ 0.1
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