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XAVIER UNIVERSITY-ATENEO DE CAGAYAN

College of Engineering

Cagayan de Oro City

Mechanical Engineering Department

Mechanical Engineering Technical Elective 3

An Evaluation of the Fire Protection System of a Building: AGRICLUTURE BUILDING

Submitted by:

Rivera, John Renzel

Hibaya, Alexis

Eduria, Tracy Keenan

Marfa, Ralph Marion

Submitted to:

Engr. Cyril G. Fabrea, PME


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Introduction:

The building to be evaluated is the Agriculture building of Xavier University in Corrales

street, Cagayan de Oro City. The floor area of the six-storey building is 80.96x10.55 m2. The

buildings Fire sprinkler system will be evaluated to check if it is in compliance to the NFPA 13

standard for fire protection. The system is usually activated by heat from a fire, and the sprinkler

heads will discharge water over the fire area. Fire Sprinkler systems are almost 100% efficient.

General Objective:

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the fire protection system of the Agriculture

Building of Xavier University in accordance to the NFPA 13 and compare the evaluation to the

existing/installed sprinkler system.


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EXISTING PARAMETERS

1st

floor

Number of branchline- 22

Number of Sprinkler per floor- 45

Distance between branchline- 3m ( referred to autocad drawing of the building)

Distance between sprinklers - 3.45m (referred to autocad drawing of the building)

Number of Sprinkler per branch- 3

2nd

floor



Distance between branchline- 4.5m ( referred to autocad drawing of the building)

Distance between sprinklers - 3.15m (referred to autocad drawing of the building)


3rd

floor



Distance between branchline- 2.7m ( referred to autocad drawing of the building)

Distance between sprinklers2.85m (referred to autocad drawing of the building)


4th

floor



Distance between branchlines - 3m (referred to autocad drawing of the building)

Distance between sprinklers4.35m/2.85m (referred to autocad drawing of the building)


5th

floor



Distance between branchline- 3m (referred to autocad drawing of the building)

Distance between sprinklers2.85m/4.35m (referred to autocad drawing of the building)



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6th

floor



Distance between branchline- 3.25m (referred to autocad drawing of the building)

Distance between sprinklers3.6 (referred to autocad drawing of the building)


SUMMARY OF DATA GATHERED BASED ON AUTOCAD DRAWING FROM PPO

Number of

branchlines

Number of

Sprinklers

per Branch

Number of

Sprinklers

per floor

Distance

Between

Branchlines

(m)

Distance

Between

Sprinklers

(m)

1st

floor 22 3 45 3 3.45

2n floor 22 3 57 4.5 3.15

3r

floor 23 3 67 2.7 2.85

4t floor 25 3 75 3 2.85/4.35

5t floor 20 3 62 3 2.85/4.35

6t

floor 25 3 76 3 3.6

Evaluation in accordance to NFPA 13

Light HazardEach occupancy classification for a fire protection system has a maximum floor area to be

protected by sprinklers supplied on each system riseron any one floor shall be as follows:

NFPA 13 PSME CODE

Area Limitation

Light hazard 52,000.00 ft2

4830 m2

Ordinary hazard 52,000.00 ft2

4830 m2

Extra hazard 40,000.00 ft2

2323 m2

(Lmax=15ft=4.572m, Area coverage of sprinkler, As=18.6m2)


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1st

floor

Width=80.94m Length=10.55m

Number of Branchlines

NB =

=

=17.718 branchline

Distance between branchlines

Lb=

= 4.5m

Distance between Sprinkler

S =

=

Number of Sprinklers per branch

Nb=

Actual Distance between sprinklers

Sact=

Distance of sprinkler to the wall

Number of Sprinkler per floor

Ns=(3 sprinklers/branch)x(18 branch)=54 Sprinklers

Verification of Sprinkler Coverage

A= (Sact) (Lb)= 3.52x4.5 = 15.84m

A


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2nd floor



NB =

=

=17.718 branchline


Lb=

= 4.5m


S =

=


Nb=


Sact=





A= (Sact) (Lb)= 3.52x4.5 = 15.84m

A


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3rd floor



NB =

=

=17.718 branchline


Lb=

= 4.5m


S =

=


Nb=


Sact=





A= (Sact) (Lb)= 3.52x4.5 = 15.84m

A


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4th floor



NB =

=

=17.718 branchline


Lb=

= 4.5m


S =

=


Nb=


Sact=





A= (Sact) (Lb)= 3.52x4.5 = 15.84m

A


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5th floor



NB =

=

=17.718 branchline


Lb=

= 4.5m


S =

=


Nb=


Sact=





A= (Sact) (Lb)= 3.52x4.5 = 15.84m

A


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6th

floor



NB =

=

=17.718 branchline


Lb=

= 4.5m


S =

=


Nb=


Sact=





A= (Sact) (Lb)= 3.52x4.5 = 15.84m

A


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Hydraulically Most demanding area

2nd

floor

A=16.8m x 10m = 168m2

Density=3.8 LPM/m2=0.092GPM/ft

2


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Flow to the design area

Q= AxD

=168x 3.8

Q=638.4LPM

Length of Design Area

Lmin= 1.2

Lmin= 1.2

Lmin=15.55m

Number of Sprinklers on the design length

Ns= Lmin/S, S=3.15m

Ns=15.55/3.15

Ns=4.945 sprinklers

Actual Length of the design area

Lact=Ns X S

Lact= 5 x 4.13

Lact=20.65 m

Width of the design area

W= A/ Lact

W= 168/ 20.65

W=8.14m

Sprinkler Coverage, As

As= 14.175m2

The design area is 168 m2, 14.175x 12 sprinklers= 170.1 > 168; therefore it meets the

desired minimum criteria.

Minimum flow at the hydraulically most demanding sprinkler

Q= D x As

Q= 3.8

x 14.175m

2

Q=53.865 LPM = 14.23GPM


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Minimum pressure at the hydraulically most demanding sprinkler

P= (Q/K)2, K=5.3-5.8

At K=5.3 P= (14.23/5.3)2

P=7.21 PSI

At K=5.4 P= (14.23/5.4)2

P=6.94 PSI

At K=5.5 P= (14.23/5.5)2

P=6.69 PSI

At K=5.6 P= (14.23/5.6)2

P=6.46 PSI

At K=5.7 P= (14.23/5.7)2

P=6.23 PSI

At K=5.8 P= (14.23/5.8)2

P=6.02 PSI

According to NFPA 13 the minimum pressure at any sprinkler shall be at 7.0 psi

Determine the Friction Loss

Pf=

;

Pf=fiction loss per one foot of pipe

C= C-factor measure of relative roughness or smoothness of the internal surface of a pipe

compared to other pipe. From tale B-1 of NFPA 13 c-factor (galvanized)- 120

d = internal diameter of pipe, Table C-1= 1.61 in

Pf=

= 0.0086 psi/ft


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Comparative tables between existing design and in accordance to NFPA 13 design

OCCUPANCY EXISTING NFPA 13 REMARKS

ORDINARY

HAZARD:GROUP 2

855 m

4830m

PASS

NUMBER OF BRANCHLINES EXISTING NFPA 13 REMARKS

1 FLOOR 22 18 PASS2 FLOOR 22 18 PASS3 FLOOR 23 18 PASS4 FLOOR 25 18 PASS5 FLOOR 20 18 PASS6 FLOOR 25 18 PASS

The more number of branch lines the betterDISTANCE BETWEEN BRANCHLINES EXISTING NFPA 13 REMARKS

1 FLOOR 3 4.5 PASS2 FLOOR 4.5 4.5 PASS3 FLOOR 2.7 4.5 PASS4 FLOOR 3 4.5 PASS5 FLOOR 3 4.5 PASS6 FLOOR 3 4.5 PASS

The closer branch lines is more efficient in fire protectionDISTANCE BETWEEN SPRINKLERS EXISTING NFPA 13 REMARKS

1 FLOOR 3.45 4.13 PASS2 FLOOR 3.15 4.13 PASS3 FLOOR 2.85/3.75 4.13 PASS4 FLOOR 2.85/4.35 4.13 PASS/FAIL5 FLOOR 2.85/4.35 4.13 PASS/FAIL6 FLOOR 3.6 4.13 PASS

The sprinkler should be closer to each other for effective coverage


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NUMBER OF SPRINKLERS PER BRANCH EXISTING NFPA 13 REMARKS

1 FLOOR 3 3 PASS2 FLOOR 3 3 PASS3 FLOOR 3 3 PASS4 FLOOR 3 3 PASS5 FLOOR 3 3 PASS6 FLOOR 3 3 PASS The number of sprinklers per branch should comply with the minimum number in NFPA

13

NUMBER OF SPRINKLER

PER FLOOR

EXISTING NFPA 13 REMARKS

1 FLOOR 45 54 PASS2 FLOOR 57 54 PASS3 FLOOR 67 54 PASS4 FLOOR 75 54 PASS5 FLOOR 62 54 PASS6 FLOOR 76 54 PASS

Sprinkler Coverage EXISTING NFPA 13 REMARKS

1 FLOOR 10.35 15.84 PASS

2 FLOOR 14.175 15.84 PASS

3 FLOOR 7.7/10.125 15.84 PASS

4 FLOOR 8.55/13.05 15.84 PASS

5 FLOOR 8.55/13.05 15.84 PASS

6 FLOOR 10.8 15.84 PASS


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MINIMUM PRESSURE AT THE

HYDRAULICALLY MOST DEMANDING

AREA

EXISTING (PSI) NFPA 13 REMARKS

2n

floor, 168m Major portion Faculty Area

At K=5.3 7.21 7 PASS

At K=5.4 6.94 7 FAIL

At K=5.5 6.69 7 FAIL

At K=5.6 6.46 7 FAIL

At K=5.7 6.23 7 FAIL

At K=5.8 6.02 7 FAIL

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