Memoria de Castro Zaldivar 1883

7/25/2019 Memoria de Castro Zaldivar 1883

1/19

NLNH]AK[\`a

l` slhr il`lbkih

L@LTK

K@ _\W]LNH BHMAL]Ft).

@ A NK.aa6f')r.a-a6'r.v Y6ah - - T 'f0Yasr/rs.P,

O K ` . ` . r . A6C _ KF Y K ( F Y J _ ? 'H A .T H _ K U \ R a s ) E ( ) .

;3_!)


2/19

@ an k, Hotumrl ?7 il a33? .

_r. (Wrlsailftl il` Ohfsleh il N afastrhs y N afastrh il Eustaoak , Ou`th, Afstruooafy VMlfldaolfoak.

_, N.

Ylfbh l` chfhr il rlnatar k` ilspkoch il \_.kieuftk lstl hdaoah, `k N ln hrak lf `k qul ihyoulftk i _. L . l` Wrlsailftl il `k ] lpmàok, ilìlslnplh il `ks ohnasahfls qul sl s arva lfoh

nlfikrn l lf `ks phoks f5ks iadoa`ls pkrk nalstrkWktrak.

Abuk`nlftl rlnath pkrk su lxknlf y kprhmk

oaf, `ks oulftks il `hs dhfihs qul ckf ohrraih in a okrbh, iurkftl `k phok qul lrk (Il`lbkih il`Bhmalrfh lf stk Okpatk`.

N a fhthrak lfdlrnliki y `k flolsaiki il qulsl ohnp`ltlf h.0 onfprhmkftls il k`btnhs bksths,ckf ilnhrkih, ffay i n a plskr, l` hphrtufh lfvail `k Nln hrak y ihounlfths il qul sl trktk.

_rvksl, puls, \_. ikr oulftk il` hmelth il lstkn a ohanafaokouf _. L . l` Wrlsailftl y trksn a

tarnl k rlshùoaf qul tlfbk i malf lxpliar.Iahs bukril i \_.

ekfkfh ]kstrh Vk`mkr.


3/19

N L N H ] A K[ \ L L @ _ L _ H ] I L @ L B K I H

).nn aK_YH UK@a'K]L@LTK K@ _\raALa`H BHMAL]FH.

HJJKIH phr T. L . ohf l` okrbh il Kblftl Ohfdailfoak`, y ilspus ohf `hs ihIl`lbkih lf lstk okpatk` y W`lfaph

tlfoakrah lsploak` pkrk l` keustl il `kpkz : orlh ih f ilmlr nkfadlstkr T. L., `k vlz qul na prhdufih rlohfhoanalfth phr `ks rlatlrkiks prulmksqul nl ck ikih il a`anatkik ohf`akf-zk, `k nkflrk ohnh `h cl ``lvkih rk

mh, lsploak`nlftl lf `ks ihs pranlrks ohnasahfls (pal

ckf ohftramuaih prlpkrkr, `lftk y brkiuk`nlftl, l`p`kusam`l rlsu`tkih il vlr d`knlkfih l` pkml``f fkoahfk` lf l` vksth tlrrathrah qul kylr ooupkmku `kskrnks il Oca`l: y ih ckmlr pulsth, ohf lsh cloch, `kpranlrk palirk il uf phrvlfar ih rlblflrkoaf, qul`k darnlzk y `hs prhpsaths il _. L . sloufikihs phr


4/19

thik, `k ]lpmàok, skmrf ohrhfkr ohf l` xath nks

mra``kftl.@k ehrfkik il _kf Wkm`h, qul ia uf traufdh `ks

krnks fkoahfk`ls y uf iak il b`hrak k` Wlr, ohfvlfoa saf lnmkrbh Q. ` . , ohf `hs clochs qul prlslfoaknhs sumsabualftls, `k mktk``k, il qul `hs'pul-m`hs il `k ]lpmàok, ftls tkf rlsul`ths skoradaoahs

il ufk bulrrk `krbk y orul` l.stkmkf yk phslihs illsl ilskàlfth qul sul`l kphilrkrsl kuf ih `hs fanhs nks tlnp`kihs, oukfih vlf salnprl sh`h `k kivlrsaiki, ohnh trnafh dktk` ih sus clrhaohs lsdulrzhs.

K trkvs il` cunh il lsh ohnmktl sl iavaskmkf yk `hschrrhrls il ufk vlfbkfzk arrlsastam`l il` lflnabh,qul fh sl cazh lspltkr nuoch: y `hs nasnhs afalm`hs

qul fhs ckmakf `kfzkih `k prhslouoaf il `k bulrrk,fh sl slftakf okpkols il anatkr l` skoradaoah il `kcastraok Funkfoak. Lsths clochs rhmustloalrhf `kohfvaooaf il T. L. ilqul `k pkz hrk `k afaaok sk`vkoaf il `k Wktrak. @k pkz qul T. L . du l` ùanlrh lfkohfslekr ilsil l` ;9 ih Lflrh il ;33;.

_u oh`kmhrkihr lf `k bulrrk, quasl slr`h tknmaf

lf `k iadoa` hmrk il `k sk`vkoaf: y kolpt busthsh lòkrbh il Kblftl Ohfdailfoak` qul nl ohfda lu Euàhil ;33=: qul ilmak il ilslnplkr lf lst okpatk`, `kqul nl trks`ki afn liaktkn lftl, pkrk lstuaàkr `ksatukoaf y `hs nliahs qul ilmakf dkoaàtkr `k rlkàzkoaf il` p`kf qul fhs ckmknhs trkzkih.

Na krramh lstk oauiki ``lf il afqualtui na lspratu: puls èhs il lfohftrkr korranhs pkrtaikrahs il`k bulrrk, dlrvalftls sh.stlflihrls il `k pkz, `h qullfohftr du, ilskàlfth, aforliuàiki, oksa afiadlrlfoak phr `k sulrtl il` pkas.

@hs nkflehs il` Bhmalrfh orlkih pkrk `k pkz, y su

9


5/19

ohslock (`l ilslfbkhs, ckcak dhrnkih lf ufhs, `k ohf

vaooaf il qul Oca`l fh ilslkmk l` trnafh il `k bulrrk: y lf htrhs, `k il qul, il `k kfkrquk lf qul vavknhs fh phiak rlsu`tkr `k pkz (pal, ilmak slr l`rlsu`tkih il` nhvanalfth uffanh il` pks lf tk`slftaih. @h oalrth ls qul fkial sl houpkmk il `k pkz, plskr il qul thihs slftkf su flolsaiki kmshùtk, koksh phrqul `k orlkf ufk ksparklahf arrlkàzk

m`l._af lnmkrbh ih qul lstks oaroufstkfoaks iadaou`tk

mkf na ohnasaf, `k @ afqulmrkftkm`l qul cl nkftlfaih y nkftlfbh lf `hs duturhs ilstafhs il `k Wktrak shstuvalrhf na lftlrlzk: y `k pranlrk iaàblfoakqul rkl prhpush daf'- afvlstabkr l` prhpsath il Oca`l,phr nliah il su W`lfaphtlfoakrah slhr ihf EhvauhFhvhk.

Ilspus il àkolr`l ohfholr l` ûatrataoh plfsknalfth il Q. L., ( e a a l ohfsastak lf l` keustl il ufkpkz ilohrhsk, y prafoapk`nlftl lf ohhplrkr lsl rlsu`tkih, saf slauar il hmstou`h, ouk`qualrk qul dulrkl` okuia``h qul `k ``lvkrk trnafh, hmtuvl il kqul`

rlspltkm`l okmk``lrh ufk rlspulstk sktasdkothrak, lf `kqul, rlohfho ilsil l` pranlr nhnlfth prhdufiksafolraiki y `lk`ls prhp('6saths il karamkr lsl rlsu `tkih.

Ohfhoaik `k vhùftki il Oca`l il ``lbkr `k pkz,rlbrls Okekrkkrlk ``lvkfih k` aftlàblftl oauikikfhihu .Euàh _. Clrffilz qul ilmak prlstkr `k okusk

anphrtkftls slrvaoahs: y ihspuls il ohfdlrlfoakr ohuT. L . rlsploth `k afvlstabkoaf qul nh ckmk lfohnlfikih: tuvh malf lxphflr !k Fkoaf su rlshùoaf y sus prhpsaths lf l` brkvl y trksolfilftk`

nkfadalsth il Nhftkf, qul du `k ohùnfk il brkfath


6/19

lf qul sl rlohst ilsil lfthfols `k dktabkik àlp-

màok.K tkf anphrtkftl ihounlfth ilmak slbuar ohnh

ohfsloulfoak `k rlufaf il `k _hmla'kfk Ksknm`lk il`Fhrtl: ilmalfih lstk afstk`krsl, nl dul' prloash kuslftkrnl il lstk oauiki pkrk ilslnplkr l` pulsthil ]lprlslftkftl phr l` olrokih ih Okeknkrof, ohfqul sl nl àkmak àhurkih lf ufaf il` slhr ihothr

ihf Kfthfah Krlfks.Ck``mknl ilslnplkfih nas ilmlrls il Caputk-

ih, oukfih dua ilsabfkih phr T. L. pkrk `hs l`lvkihsokrbhs il Il`lbkih il` Bhmalrfh lf lstk okpatk`, y ilsu Nafastrh W`lfaphtlfoakrah kftl l` Bhmalrfh ilOca`l.

Ohfhoalfih na afsudaoalfoak=

6krk l` ilslnplh il`kmhrls tkf iadoa`lsfufok ohnh lfthfols tkf lrazkiks il plàbrhs y lsoh``hsy rhilkih il afnlfsksrlsphfskmaàikils, ilm vkoa`kr ftls ih lockr phmrlnas ima`ls chnmrhs tkf brkvl plsh: plrh, qu lrkyh kftl `k Wktrak kmrunkik phr `k nks orul` il `ks kivlrsaikils8 ]lsh`v lf na fanh l` skoradaoah il na

plrshfk aftlrlsls, sa ` lrk flolskrah pkrk `k sk`vkoaf il` Wlr.Kolpt `k ihm`l nasaf ohf qul sl nl afvlstk) y

prhvasth il `ks afstruooahfls y philrls flolskrahs nlohfstatu lu lstk okpatk` lf Lflrh il` Vrlslftl kh.

_abualfih l` oursh il `ks ohfdlrlfoaks ohf l` slhrNafastrh ih Oca`l y lf thiks `ks ouk`ls sh caoalrhf fh

tkm`ls su drkfqulzk y `lk`tki: nl lxpush iltk``kiknlftl qul, tkfth flolsatkmk `k pkz Oca`l ohnh o`Wlr: plrh qul kqul``k ]lpmàok sh`h `k keustkr`kohf uf Bhmalrfh plrukfh, qul dulrk `k lxprlsafil` pkas il su nkyhrk: y qul orlak aftlrprltkr


7/19

dal`rklfth l` plfsknalfth il su Bhmalrfh k` kslburkr qul lstkmk darnlnlftl rlsul`th fh lftlfilrslhdaoak`nlftl ohf l` slhr Bkrok Okìlrf fa ol`lmrkr fafbf trktkih ohf ` phr vlftkehsh qul dulsl pkrk Oca`l.

Lf vkraks ohfdlrlfoaks qul sl sabualrhf, y lf vartui il ikths afdhrnls kuthrazkihs qul nl sunafas

tr l` lxprlskih Nafastrh, nl ohfvlfo p`lfknlftlilqul l` vlfolihr musokmk rlk`nlftl `k pkz.@k hpafaf pa'amàok plrnkflok vkoa`kftl: thihs il

slkmkf `k pkz, ohnh sl ilslk uf brkf malf qul ls iadoa` kòkfzkr, plah fkial tlfak l` sudaoalftl vk`hr nhrk` pkrk prho`knkr`k kmalrtknlftl. Ohftramuk lstltlnhr oalrth runhr ilsdkvhrkm`l il `ks nksks ouyk

abfhrkfoak lxpah`kmkf mkma`nlftl iltlrnafkihs orou`hs ph`taohs qul nlirkmkf lf `k prh`hfbkoaf il `kok`knaiki pmàok, 4 lf su ohfoùsaf ohf iltlrnafkih okuia``h. Cumh plrshfks qul pkrk ilsprlstabakrnas trkmkehs, y lfthrplolr `ks hplrkoahfls il T. L.,prhpk`kmkf fhtaoaks kmsuriks rl`ktavks krrlb`hs ohfl` slhr Bkrok Okìlrf, kuf ilspus il h`vaikih

y phspulsth lstl, ohnp`ltknlftl phr h` Bhmalrfh ilOca`l.

K `ks iadaou`tkils fkturk`ls il `k lnprlsk, sl kbrlbkmkf htrhs nuochs hmstou`hs qul `ks nk`ks pksahfls hdrlolf lf thih talneah lf ikh ih `ks mulfksokusks: prlrh dhrtadaokik okik vlz nks na d, y kphykik lf l` kuxaàh il `k Iavafk Wrhvailfoak prhslbuna hmrk.

Hmliloa-auuh @a ausaruooahuls ul T. L ., qul ilslkmk ohfsu`tkr l` nkyhr koalrth lu `ks flbhoaklah-uls il `k pkz, nl iarae ihs oauikikfhs aùstrkihsy lsplranhftkihs ou l` nkfleh il `hs flbhoahs pnmà-

2


8/19

lhs', qul dulrhf `hs slhrls ihf Ehs Kfthfah @kvk``l y l` ihothr ihf Ehs Kfthfah Bkroak y Bkrok. L `slhr @kvk``l, ouyh pktrahtasnh àk pktlftazkih su`tan k `kmhr, ]olptkfih ilsil l` pranlr nhnlfth l`pulsth k` qul `h ``knkmk, nl ohftlst lquh phr `h nasnh qul ohnprlfiak `hs plàbrhs qul rhilkmkf `hspkrtaikrahs il `k pkz, fh trlpaikmk lf pkrtaoapkr il

laahs, ilsil qul kmrabkmk l` ohfvlfoanalfth il qulslrvaknhs malf `hs aftlrlsls il` pkas." Lf ohfsloulfoak shàoat y hmtuvl su àmlrtki, kshoafihfhs lf lìlslnplh il `k @lbkoalf kftl l` Bhmalrfh il Oma`l,il `k qul iknhs oulftk phr slpkrkih.

Ohnh nliah afiasplfskm`l il prhpkbkfik, ``lv okmh `k pumàokoaf il` iakrah L` Wulm`h" dufikih

phr l` slhr ihf @uas N. Iukrtl, y dul rllnp`kzkih lu`k rlikooaf phr l` slhr ihothr ihf D. Lu`hbah Okshs: qualfls aftlrprltkfih ``l`nlftl na plfsknalfth y `k flolsaiki ph`taok qul ``lfkmkf, `hbrkrhf dulrzk il trkmkeh bkfkr l` dkvhr il` pmàoh qul, ohftramuy nks tkril suplrkr `ks iadaou`tkils il htrh

Hrilf qul sl prlslftk`6kf pkrk su shstlfanalfth.Wkrk ufadaokr `k hpafaf il` pkas nl iaraea plrshfks fhtkm`ls ih lstk okpatk` y il `ks ilnks prhvafoaks il` ilpkrtknlfth, ksa ohnh `hs ohnkfikftlsnaàtkrls il` Olftrh, nkfadlstfih`ls na slburaiki ihhmtlflr uf trktkih `h nlfhs hflrhsh k` eakas: y ùialfih lsths `tanhs uaak susplfsaf il chstaàikils iu

rkftl `kV ohfdlrlfoaks. Ohf l` nasafh daf prlpkr ufkohnasaf il suelths rhspltkm`l.s qul, ilmak lftlfilrsl ohf l` Bafnk` Ooorls, `k qul fh puih ``lvkr kokmhsu hmelth phr ckmlrsl pal.slaatkih aaohaavlfalftls afsuplrkm`ls.

\fk il nas pranlrks nliaiks du prhvllr il kuth-

X 3


9/19

y

àiaails `hs Ilpkrtknlfths qul il k`bufk nkflrknkfadlstkmkf su kiclsaf `k okusk il `k pkz. LfDlmrlrh `tanh du fhnmrkih Wrldloth il` Ilpkrtknlfth il `lk l` pktrahtk oauikikfh ihf Ehs Nkful` Kbuarrl, qualf trksnat `ks rlsplotavks afstruooahfls. Lstl Wrldloth nhil`h, sloufikih phr l` _um-prluoth ih lsl Olrokih ihf Liukria) ;;. Mlrfkh`k,

fhnmrkih tknmaf phr `k Il`lbkoaf, `hbr ufaEalkr`k hpafaf y rlstkm`lolr `k ohfàkfzu, dkoaàtkfih `kilshoupkoaf il su tlrrathrah phr `ks dulrzks lflnabks, ohsk qul puil ohfslbuar hphrtufknlftl, elstah-àkfih lf lstk okpatk` kuth `k kuthaaiki rlsplotavk.

Ls il fhtkr qul `k nkyhrak il `hs àkmatkuths ilìlpkrtunluth il `lk àkf nkfadlstkih il.sil l` praf

oapah su iloasaf phr `k okusk il `k pkz. Lstl clochtalfl slfoa``k lsaEaouoahf, sa sl ktalfil qul lskphm`koaf, lslfoak`nlftl auiustaahsk y trkmkekihrk,sh`h efhsplrk mkeh `k shnmrk il` aihu y ih `k trkfquaàiki.

@k Blaaikrnlrak il `lk du hrbkfazkik, rlnatalfihuf oukirh, ohnp`lth il hdaoak`ls y shìkihs vhùftk

rahs qul sl kàstkrhf mkeh `ks rilfls il` ohnkfikftl ihf Askko Ocknhrrh: y ohnh caoalrkf flolskrak `korlkoaf ih uf lsoukirf ih okmk``lrak k`bufks pkrtaiks il nk`mloàhrhs qul nlrhilkmkf lu lshs vk``lsiaspusl tknmaf su hrbkfazkoaf `)keh `ks rilfls lòhnkfikftl ihf N. ..Vrrakbk. Lstks dulrzks sarvlf kotuk`nlftl il ufk nkflrk ounpàik, y pulilf slr `k

mksl ih oulrphs il `flk.K` nasnh talnph qul fhnmr Wrldloth pkrk Ylk, il

sabfl pkrk l` ilpkrtknlfth il Kykouoch k` slahr ihfNkful` ]hm`ls, qualf sl prlst ``lfh ih vhùftki ylftusaksnh.


10/19

Ohnprlfialfih qul lrk ufk anaehrtkfth kiquasaoaf`k ih `ks lftrkiks il `k Kiukfk il Wasoh, qul salnprl ck saih prhiuotavk, pusl brkfil iaàblfoak lf hmtlflr `k ilshoupkoatua il `k efhvauoak il Ocafock,ohfsabuafih`k l` iak 9 il` prlslftl rkls, fh saf lnp`lkr k`bufhs lsdulrzhs pkrk k``kfkr `ks iadaou`tkilsqul hok-ahfkmkf `ks pkrtaiks il nhfthflrhs qul mkstk

ckol=

6hoh, àkf knkbkih lshs pulm`hs. Yku ùlbhohnh sl vlradao `k ilshoupkoaf, l` Wrldloth slbf afstruooahfls qul tlfak pkrk l` oksh, prhvly afnliaktkn lftl `k Kiukfk il `hs lnp`lkihs prhva.sahfk`ls

qul flolsatkmk su slrvaoah._hstlfalfih drloulfol ohnufaokoaf ohf plrshfks

afdùylftls il iavlrshs ilpkrtknlfths ohnh hs il `lk,

Kykouoch y Aùkfokvlàok, ohf qualfls earholiak ilkoulrih lf `hs trkmkehs proeakrkthrahs, qul mhy lstfprhiuoalfih rlsu`tkihs dkvhrkm`ls, `hbrkmk (i fhnmrknalfth il kuthraikils prlstabahsks qul ktrkakf kilpths funlaushs anphrtkftls.

Fhnmr Wrldloth il Caafuoh k` slhr ihf Vdkffl`Narkfik, quaf sh ohfstatuy lf l` ùbkr il su ilstafh, kohnaaukih il uf oukirh il hdaoak`ls ohf `hs qulilmk dhrnkrsl uf mktk``f slbf afstruooahfls qul`l tlfk ikiks. _u krramh Aàafuoh dul nhtavh ilohnp`kolfoak pkrk `hs ckmatkftls: plrh ilsbrkoakiknlftl, oukfih sl orlk ohfshàikik su kuthraiki, i avlrsks pkrtaiks il nhfthflrhs, kzuzkiks y iaraeaiks

eahr `hs iasplrshs il àau an uocuoh `h hmàbkrhf ilekrsu pulsth, phr okrlolr il krnks pkrk ohnmktar`hs.Brkvls iadaou`tkils àk hdrloaih o` ilpkrtknlftl il

Effaf, ouyh Wrldloth ihothr ihf Kfirs Yfaeah, tuvlqul trks`kikrsl Ykank ohf `ks plqulks dulrzks ilqul iasphfk, kohskih phr iavlrsks aakrtaiks krnkiks

;7 -


11/19

qul sl orlylrhf k` prafoapah slr `kk nasnks pkrtaiks

il nhfthflrhs qul ckmakf afvkiaih Aùfuoh. Nkstkril sh suph qul lrk uf nhvanalfth tlfilftl `kilphsaoaf il` Wrldloth quaf sl kouskmk il k`bufhskmushs. Cumalrk kuxaàkih hphrtufknlftl lsl dufoahfkrah ohftrk `hs nhfthflrhs, safh cumalrkf saihtkf lsokshs `hs rlourshs ih qul iasphfk `k Il`lbkoaf qul kplfks mkstkmkf pkrk sktasdkolr `hs pliaihs il krnks qul ckoakf il Aok, il` Fhrtl y il htrhspufths, qul lrk nks urelutl ktlfilr. _af lnmkrbh rlnat .ùfaf `hs qul nl du anphsam`l ohfslbuar ohftk` hmelth.

Wkrk afvlstabkr `h qul cumalrk il oalrth lf `ks kouskoahfls qul sl ckokf ohftrk l` Wrldloth il lsl il

pkrtknlfth. rlsh`v lfvakr uf ohnasahfkih qul sl afdhrnkrk il `hs clochs y prhpusalrk nliah il prholilrlf eustaoak: phrh fh puih rlkàzkrsl na prhpsath, phrfh ckmlr lfohftrkih qualf quasalrk ilslnplkr `kohnasahf.

A.k prhvafoak il Okftk du ufk il `ks pranlrks lfkicla arsl ohf l` nkyhr lftusaksn h k` Bhmalrfh àl-

blflrkihr. Kprhvlockfih tkf mulfks iasphsaoahfls,hrilf k` Ohrhfl` ihf Nkful` il `k L. Tlfth, Ohnkfikftl Blflrk` il` Olftrh, trks`kiksl `k ohstkk `hs vhùftkrahs qul hrbkfazkmk lf lsk prhvafoak pkrk lnmkrokr`hs ohu iarlooaf _k`kvlrry, ihfil ilmkf kunlftkr l` ldlotavh il` leroath il` Fhrtl. L` =2il` prhxanh pkskih sl nl ohnufao su kprhxankoahf

Ockfoky ohf vhùftkrahs qul dulrhf k`hekihs ynkftlfaihs lf lsl pulrth, K` prhpah talnph prlpkrkmk l` v k p h r 'Ockrruk" pkrk su ohfiuooaf, ckoafihsl l` bksth il rlpkrkoahfls lf l` iaqul, y il prhvasahfls: plrh k ``k f fihsl lfthfols `hs hmstou`hs qul


12/19

rltkrikmkf `k vlfaik il T. L. k` pulrth flutrk` il

Kfof, ilmalfih slr sun kn lftl rpaih l` vakel, ytlfalfih phok okpkoaiki l` Ockrrk pkrk ckolr `ktrks`koaf il trhpks lf l` vakel il rlbrulsh, ohfiuoalfih il ufk vlz l` leroath, lnp`lkihs, lto., rlsh`vkmkfihfkr l` ohftrkth il lsl vkphr, ohfsu`tkfih `kohfvlfalfoak il `ks hplrkoahfls.

Lf koulrihs pravkihs rlkàzkihs lf lstk okaaatk` ohfplrshfks aaaùydtls il `ks prhvafoaks il Cukrhoèary Okltl, il `hs ouk`ls ck rlsu`tkih, fh sh`h `k kiclsaf il lsks prhvafoaks, saf `k kotavk ohhplrkoafil `ks plrshfks y l` fhnmrknalfth ih kuthraikilsph`taoks y naàtkrls: sl ck ohfslbuaih ilsil l` prafoapah `k ilskpkraoaf il `hs nhfthflrhs, il `k pra

nlrk, y ilspuhs `k pkoadaokoaf y trkfquaàiki il `kslbufik, lnp`lkfih nliahs ohfoaàkthrahs ohnh l`lfvh il ohnasahfkihs qul sl ckf lftlfiaih ohf `hs

eldls nks okrkotlrazkihs, hmtlfafihsl phr lstl nliah l` lhnZ?`lth shnltanalfth `k kuthraiki il T. L.

@hs trkmkehs ih `k I l`lbkoaf fh sl ànatkmkfsh`h `hs ilpkrtknlfths il` Olftrh, tknmaf sl ohf

trkkf `hs il` Fhrtl, y nuy lsploak`n lftl k` ih `k@amlrtki, ouyk ilshoupkoaf anphrtkmk pkrk l` Bhmalrfh ufk fulvk dulftl il rlourshs. Ylfak htrh aftlrs l` il àmlrtkr `hs vloafhs ih lsk rlbaf y suafiustrak il` hflrhsh tramuth il bulrrk qul pkbkmkf ` lflnabh, y qul tlfak qul ohfoùar, kfr`kuihl` talnph, phr `k ruafk il `hs ufhs y `k nulrth il

`k htrk. Kotavrfhs`ks ohfdlrlfoaks qul lu ufaf il`slhr @kvk``l ohnh W`lfaphtlfoakrahs shstlfknhsohf l` slhr Nafastrh il Oca`l, y ufk vhz àlomhl` krrlb`h prlànafkr, hmtuvanhs `k ilshoupkoaf.

Wkrk ihtkr ohf `ks dulrzks flolskraks l` ilpkrtk-

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nlft ilshoupkih, kàst y rlnat Yruea``h =77 vh

ùftkrahs, ouyh fnlrh cumalrk saih nkyhr, sa sa slhr Il`lbkih il` Fhrtl Ohrhfl` Taik` Bkroak yBkrok, fh nl cumalrk ohnufaokih tlflr ohnp`ltksu ihtkoaf.

Ilsil f ``lbkik lstk okpatk` nl pusl lf ohnufaokoaf ohf plrshfks fhtkà`ls il` Ilpkrtknlfth ilWakrk. Fhnmrkih Wrldloth l` slhr ihf Dlrfkfih _lnafkrah, y prhvasth il k`bufhs l`lnlfths il bulrrk,lf oukfth sl phslsahf il` philr, kihpt ufk ph`taoklquvhok, qul `h ``lv ilspus ckstk ilsohfholr k`Bhmalrfh qul `h fhnmrkrk. Ohf tk` nhtavh k`bufhspulm`hs ilsohfhoalrhf su kuthraiki, sl krnkrhf y sliaspusalrhf ohnmktar`h mkeh `ks rilfls il` ohrh

fl` ihf Blfkrh Okrrksoh, y salfih yk afnaflftl hòchqul lftrl clrnkfhq nh vk` il plrshfks afdùylftls lf l` fanh il` Wrldloth, prhourkfih ufkrrlb`h ohfoaàkthrah qul tlfkf phr mksl `k ilshoupkoaf il` ilpkrtknlfth phr `ks dulrzks il` ohrhflÒkrrksoh, qualf hrilfl' su trks`koaf @knmkyl-qul, y l` fhn mrknalfth il ufk plrshfk prlstabahsk

pkrk `k Wrldloturk il Waurk, fhnmrfihsl lftfols pkrk tk` okrbh k` slhr ihf Kubusth _lnafkrah y Tks-ohfls qul rlfl `ks ohfiaoahfls a'lqaalraiks, krrlb`hqul da` kprhmkih phr Q. L .: plrh l` rlmlìl Wrldloth,`lehs il ounpàr phr su pkrtl `h kohrikih, sl prlpkrk `k rlsastlfoak, y sunafastrkmk krnks y htrhs l`lnlfths k `ks pkrtaiks il nhfthflrhs qul, prltls-

th il `k bulrrk, àkf ksh`kih l` ilpkrtknlfth ih @krk-mkyhqul. @k hpafaf pmàok qul salrkaarl `h dulilsdkvhrum`!' `h cazh rlsabfkr l` phil: lf afkfls fl`slhr ihf .Kubusth tlafaaakrah.

Houpkih ilspus hsh ilpkrtknlfth phr dulrzks lfl

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nabks qul anpusalrhf uf dulrtl ouph y rliuelrhf fprasaf `hs oauikikfhs qul fh puialrhf pkbkr`hthtk`nlftl, nl dul sktasdkothrah hmtlflr ohfsailrkm`lrliuooaf lf su nhfth y `k àmlrtki il `hs iltlfaihs.

Lf su hphrtufaiki y lnp`lkfih `hs nasnhs nliahs qul lf okshs kf`hbhs, du fhnmrkih Wrldloth ilìlpkrtknlfth il @knmkylqul ihf Mk`tkzkr Bkroak

rrutak.Kuf oukfih `hs ilpkrtknlfths il` _ur ckf lstkihmkeh `k lstrlock aVrlsahf il `ks dulrzks qul hmlilolfk` Ohftrk-K`narkftl Nhftlrh, fh ckf saih afiadlrlftls `k okusk fkoahfk`

Lf oukfth k` ilpkrtknlfth il Adhqulbaak quliàmrl il lsk prlsaf, prho`kn rlsul`tknlftl `k pkz y

rlohfhoa `k kuthraiki il` W rldloth ihf @lks Mlolrrk, fhnmrkih kftaoapkiknlftl phr lstk Il`lbkoaf,il koulrih salnprl ohf `hs vloafhs fhtkm`lsohf qualfls cl nkftlfaih ohfstkftl ohrrlsphfilfoak.

Ls slburh qul oukfih l` rlsth il lsk pkrtl il `k]lpmàok pulik lsprlskr àmrlnlftl su vhùftki,sl kprlsurkr ohfshàikr j hmrk ih sk`vkoaf prh

o`knkik phr Q. L. y qul lst ``lvkfih okmh ohftkfth y koalrth y dlàoaiki.

Ohfvlfaiks yk ohf l` slhr Nafastrh il Oma`l `ksmksls lslfoak`ls il` trktkih prlànafkr ih pkz. sl ckoak afiasplfskm`l `k kprh.xankoahf ih Q. L . Ek ohstk, yk pkrk dkoaàtkr `k ohnffahkoahf, qul ilmak slr-nks drloulfth, yk pkrk qul, ilsplrtkfih su prl.slfoakl` lftusaksnh lf `ks phm`koahfls qul rlohraak, puialrkkqua`ktaar l` Bhmalrfh il Oma`l l` brkih ih phpu`kra-iai qul yk àkfak ohfslbuaih lf `h.s eaulm`hs a`l` Fhrtll` Ohmalrfh ]lblflrkihr. Wlrh `k dk`tk il krnks ylquaph anpliakaa `kn kromk il` her-oath fkoahfk`.

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Wkrk dkoaàtkr `k rlnasaf il lshs ta`ls, pkrk hhc-dlrofoakr ohf Q. L. shmrh bakvls ksufths il ftlrlspmàoh, y ^.a afoa^ !a`noftl, eakrk kohrikr `h rl`ktavh `k ilshoupkoaf il lstk Okpatk`, t nprlfi vakel Ok-

eknkrok lf ;'= il Euàh `tanh, lfokrbkfih prhvasahfk`nlftl l` ilslnplh il `k Il`lbkoaf k` slhr ihfEhs Kfthfah il @kvk``l, qualf ohf mulfk vhùftki,

sl prlst) slrvar su pktrak lf lstk fulvk ohnasaf.A dkmalaaih rloamaih il T. L. fulvks ausaruooahuls,y prulmks il ohaaàkfzk, rlbrls lf su ohnpkaak mkstk `k oauiki il Yruea``h, ohftafukfih na vakel lstk Okpatk`, ihfil ilmak rlksunar l` lelroaoah il `k Il`lbkoaf.

L` krramh il K. ;;. Yruea``h, `ks lxf`nàiks nkfa

dlstkoahfls ih qul dul6 hmelth lf lsk oauiki, y `ks lsphftflks nulstrks il ma hpafaf pmàok qul yk `hrhilkmk, ilnhstrkrlf k` lflnab`k kolptkoaf blflrk` il` Bhmalrfh il T. L. y `hs aforl'iu`hs. qul ckm`k ohna)`ltk slraliki lf `hs krrlb`hs ohu Oca`l.

Wkrtalfih ih lsths mloàhs, shàoatknhs `k afnliaktk ilshoupkoaf il @ank y l` Ok``kh, `h qul lstankmk oh

nh l` ohnp`lnlfth ih `k `kmhr ohfmu`k na pktrahtasnh: prhnlsk dhrnk` qul hmtuvanhs il `ks kuthraikils oàa`lnas ilspus il suplrkr afnlfsks iadaou`tkilsqul sl prlslftkmkf.

Wrloapatfihsl y ilslfvh`vafihsl okik ik nks `hskohftloanalfths, y mkmafihsl lfohnlfikih !k Il`lbkoaf `ks `kmhrls il `k eldkturks ph`taoks, ouyk suprlsaf sl hrilf phr iasphsaoaf suprlnk il Eufah`tanh: `ks `kmhrls a`l `k slorltkrak il na ilspkoch lfohnlfikik ilsih l` ^)rafoapah k` oauikikfh I. EhsBrlbhrah K`leak, sudralrhf uf brkf rlokrbh. Wurk ktlfilr ilmaiknlftl `ks fulvks flolsaikils il` slrvaoah,

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X AB

iasaausl lf ;. ih Euàh àa hrbkfazkoaf il trls slooahfls àkrk `hs iavlrshs rknhs il kinafastrkoaf, ouyhplrshfk` y ihtkoahfls ohnufaapai k` Bhàalrfh hphrtufkn lftl. L` oulrph il lnp`lkihs ck lstkih `kk`turk il `k `kmhr qul sl `l lfohnlfikrk il ufk nkflrk iabfk il `k ohu.stilrkoahf il` _u|arlnh Bhmalrfh.

aakualui hdrloaih pkrk ak _lorltkrak sus slrvaoahsl` Ir. I. Kfthfah I. Jlyfu, `hs kolpt, tlfalfihlf oulftk qul thik ohhplrkoaf dkoaàtkmk `k ohfslouoaf il` daf pktrataoh qul plrsr:btaaknhs.

Ohfstkftl kfcl`h na y iu` chfhrkm`l slhr @k-vk``l du ohfslbuar `k àmlrtki il fulstrhs ohnpktrahtks prasahflrhs lf Oca`l, y fh cumh ohfdlrlfoak

hoksaf qul sl fhs prlslftkrk, qul fh `k kprhvllà- rknhs paialfih su àmlrtki: puialfih àshfelkrfhsohf ckmlr ohfslbuaih `k vul`tk il nuochs il l``hsk` slfh il `k pktrak.

Lsoksh il dhfihs l` Bhmalrfh fh puih prhvllrnlil fafbufk o`ksl il rlourshs pkrk o` ilslnplh il `kIl`lbkoaf: y kufqul sl nl kuthraz phr `ly il Lflrh

il` prlslftl kh, skfoahfkik phr `k Ksknm`lk _hmlrkfk il` Fhrtl, pkrk `lvkftkr uf lnprstath, thiksnas iaàblfoaks sl lstrl``krhf ohftrk `k ilsohfdakfzkqul afsparkmk l` fkoalftl Bhmalrfh Llblflrkohr: phrouyh nhtavh nas dhfihs pkrtaou`krls lstuvalrhf k` slrvaoah il `k okusk fkoahfk` mkstk qul, lf vsplrks illftrlbkrsl `ks kuthraikils fkoahfk`ls `k kiukfk

il _k`kvlrry, puil flbhoakr uf lnprstath ohf oksksil ohnlroah il lstk okpatk`, lnplkfih na oriathplrshfk` y lstapfakfih l` rllnmh`sh il ahs pranlrhsafbrlshs il iaock Kiukfk. Ilspus cl ohfslbuaihplqulhs prstknhs, il thihs `hs qul àl ikih oulftk


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Q . L . phr slpkrkih, y ohfstkf, tknmaf, iltk``kiknlftl lf `k oulftk blflrk` il `k Il`lbkoaf, qul prlslfth sudaoalftlnlftl ohnprhmkik lf `k dlock. Ilml tlflr prlslftl T. L. qul ohf rlsploth lsths lnprstaths, l` Lstkih fh talfl nks hmàbkoaf qul `k il ilvh`vlr `k okftaiki `quaik qul rloama.

Oukfih `k okusk afaoakik phr Q . L. ohnlfzkmk

oufiar ohf rkpailz y `ks plrshfks slfsktks, qul phrdlàoaiki fh shf phoks, `k kphykmkf ohu su vhth: kou-iaku `hs iavlrshs ùbkrls yk lftrlbkihs kuthraikils plrukfks, nu`tatui il vhùftkrahs ilslhshs illfrh`krsl lf `ks da`ks il` leroath: y lrk ih`hrhsh fhphilr kprhvlockr sus slrvaoahs phr dk`tk il krnks y

htrhs l`lnlfths. Wrlvlfaih phr T. L . pkrk `k kiquasaoaf il lsths ta`ls qul anpliaku l` kunlfth il suleroath, y skmlihr il qul lu lstk okpatk` hou`tkmkf`hs pkrtaou`krls nuocks krnks, qul dulrhf il` Lstkih:ohfsu`tkfih `k nkyhr okutl`k, kihpt thiks `ks nliaiks ohfiuolftls su kiquasaoaf phr nliah il ohnprk: y ksa `hbr rlufar uf rlbu`kr fnlrh ih krnks

il iavlrshs sastlnks, ls vlriki, lf nk` lstkih nuocksphr `k nkflrk il su hou`tkoaf, plrh salnprl mkehprloah: thih `h ouk` cazh flolskrak `k dhrnkoaf il uftk``lr qul ``lv okmh, ohf l` hmelth il qul dulrkfohfvlfalftln lftl rlpkrkiks. Wulstks lf kptatui ilslrvar, `ks rlnat T. L. y iavlrshs pufths ihfillrkf flolskraks, ohfdhrnl `h l.xabakf `ks oaroufs-

tkfoaks.@k kiquasaoaf il` vlstukrah, ok`zkih, nhfturks y

ilnks lquaph il trhpk sl ilml àoatkoahfls pravkiksqul prhvhqu, ohfsu`tkfih pkrk l` Lasoh `k nks rbaiklohfhnk: puls `ks ohftrktks sl ialrhf `hs qul hdrloalrhf `ks vlftkeks il` nlfhr prloah, l` nlehr nkth-

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rak`, y `ks slburaikils il `k ounpàik lelouoaf.Yknmaf cl lfokrbkih phr ohfiuoth il ufk oksk

il ohnlroah ufk okftaiki orloaik il krnks y vlstukrahs il qul flolsatk l` Bhmalrfh, y oulftk il` ouk`ck rloamaih yk `k oksk ohftrktastk `k sunk il quafolna` sh`ls. Orlh ckmlr hmtlfaih lf lstl ohftrkth brkfils kchrrhs k` Lrkrah.

Ksaiuk ohfskbrkoaf y kotavaiki sl flolsatkmk pkrk `ks iadoa`ls `kmhrls il k`nkolfkel, rlnasaf y kohfiaoahfknalfth il `hs l`lnlfths il bulrrk kohpakihs.Wkrk ilslnplkr`ks fhnmr k` Eldl ih `k _looaf ilCkoalfik I. Qaothr Okstrh Ab`lsaks, saf rlnuflrkoafphr tkf fhtkm`l rlokrbh il ktramuoahfls: y lsth lnp`lkih nu`tapàofihsl ohnh `h lxabkf `ks flolsa

ikils, ilslnpl su fulvk ohnasaf tknmaf ohffhtkm`l lxpliaoaf y ol`lraiki, ckoafih`h thih plrshfk`nlftl: puialfih iloarsl qul `h hphrtufh il `hsslrvaoahs lf lsl rilf, sl ilml lxoùsavkn lftl suafdktabkm`l `kmhrahsaiki.

Ckmafihnl nkfadlstkih `k Il`lbkoaf il` _uprl

nh Bhmalrfh lf l` Fhrtl, `k flolsaiki il tl`lbrkdastkspkrk l` mulf slrvaoah tl`lbrdaoh il `hs qaulm`hs il sunkfih: ohftrkt lf lstk oauiki `hs nks lxpliaths, ylfva k` Fhrtl uf plrshfk` ohnpltlftl qul mhy nasnhprlstkf sus anphrtkftls slrvaoahs.

K`bufhs, fh phohs vkàhshs, aftlrlsls il` Lstkih clphiaih sk`vkr iurkftl na rl`koaf ohf l` _r. Nafastrh

il Oca`l, ouyk mulfk vhùftki pkrk ktlfilr kqul``ks elstahfls `l lsthy kbrkiloaih, y `k il` _r. Blflrk` I. Wktraoah @yfoc , ohf qualf nl lftlfi ohf lsthnhtavh, phr pranlrk vlz.

Wrloapatfihsl l` krramh il T. L. lstk okpatk` phrvartui il` ilslfvh`vanalfth rpaih il `hs suolshs, y

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fh prlstfihsl l` vkphr Ockrrk phr sus ohtaiaoah-fls pkrk l` ldloth il trks`kikr il ufk vlz k` pulrthil Kfof T. L ., eufth ohf su ohn atavk y leroath,d`lt l` vkphr Oh`hnmak, qul ilslnpl su ohnasafounpàiknlftl lf l` talnew y nkflrk lstapu`kih.

Lstl du l` `tanh cloch lf qul nl houp ohnh Il`lbkih il` Bhmalrfh ilT. L. prlpkrkfih y dkoaàtkfih

su krramh lstk okpatk` qul salnprl lstan ohnh l`b`hrahsh lp`hbh il `k hmrk il su fkoanalfth ohnhBhmalrfh il` Wlr, mhy ohfshàikih y ohfdarnkih phr`k Hpafaf blflrk` il `k ]lpmàok.

@krbk y plfhsk mk saih `k `kmhr qul T . L., nhlfohnlfikrk: nuy suplrahr nas ima`ls dulrzks,fufok lelroatkiks lf trkmkehs ph`taohs il tk` nkbfatui: lu su ilslnplh sh`h nl mk buakih ufk dafqulmrkftkm`l, na` vlols ohnmktaik, plrh salnprlvaothrahsk: y sa su daf fhs ohfiuol `k sk`vkoaf il`k Wktrak, ckrth rlohnplfskih y sktasdloch qulikr.

Whr `h ihnks thok T. L . thnkr lf ohfsailrkoaf`k nkflrk ohnh ml ilslnplkih `ks dufoahfls qul sl

sarva lfohnlfikrnl, y rlsh`vlr `h qul lstanh ohfvlfalftl.

@ank, ?7 il Hotumrl il ;33?.

Nkrakfh Okstrh Ukìavkr.

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Memoria de Castro Zaldivar 1883

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