Le grandi infrastrutture a supporto della ricerca · Le grandi infrastrutture a supporto della...

Le grandi infrastrutture a supporto della ricerca nel campo della qualità dell’aria

Gelsomina Pappalardo

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Metodologie per l’Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA)

[email protected]

PM 2018 Matera, 23 – 25 maggio 2018

Outline

• Le grandi sfide ambientali

• Le grandi infrastrutture di Ricerca (ESFRI)

• Infrastrutture a supporto della ricerca in campo atmosferico

• Opportunità

• Conclusioni


Environmental challenges now and in future

Key role for Environmental Research Infrastructures


Facilities, risorse e servizi per la comunità scientifica Grandi strumentazioni Collezioni e Archivi di dati che forniscono informazioni strutturate e organizzate Infrastrutture ICT Estendere le frontiere della conoscenza Scambio e trasferimento di conoscenza Formazione della nuova generazione di ricercatori Sviluppo di nuove tecnologie e supporto all’innovazione industriale

Infrastrutture di Ricerca


Accesso per tutti i ricercatori europei alle IR localizzate in particolari Stati Membri

Evitare duplicazioni e promuovere un uso coordinato e razionale delle facilities

Collegamento delle comunità di ricerca nazionali per il miglioramento della qualità della ricerca e innovazione

Condividere i costi di realizzazione e di operatività

Scambio di best practice e sviluppo della interoperabilità delle facilities e delle risorse

Internazionalizzazione

Perché è necessario un approccio Europeo per le Infrastrutture di Ricerca?

VISIONE EUROPEA


ESFRI (European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures) fu avviato nel 2002 dal Consiglio di Competitività Europeo con lo scopo di: supportare una strategia coerente tra i vari governi sulle infrastrutture di ricerca in Europa; facilitare iniziative multilaterali per l’utilizzo e lo sviluppo delle infrastrutture di ricerca; seguire la fase di implementazione delle infrastrutture ESFRI; valutare e prioritizzare le infrastrutture ESFRI.

L’ESFRI Forum è costitutito da delegati dei ministeri di 28 paesi membri, 10 paesi associati e la Commissione Europea.

ESFRI

www.esfri.eu


Contribuiscono significativamente allo sviluppo di nuova conoscenza e nuove metodologie nelle scienze ambientali (i.e. mitigazione e adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici, approccio integrato per lo studio delle risorse naturali, uso sostenibile del suolo, produzione alimentare sostenibile)

Sono centri per il trasferimento di conoscenza sia ad altri settori che alla pubblica amministrazione (i.e. salvaguardia e sicurezza, previsioni, ingegnerizzazione, pianificazione per l’utilizzo del suolo sia in ambiente urbano che rurale)

Forniscono informazioni al pubblico (i.e. early warning per i rischi naturali, uso sostenibile delle risorse naturali)

Sono centri di formazione per studenti e giovani ricercatori che lavorano nel settore ambientale

Centri di eccellenza a livello Europeo ma con impatti anche a livello locale

IR europee nel settore ambientale

PM 2018 Matera, 23 – 25 maggio 2018 ESFRI Roadmap 2016


IN-SERVICE AIRCRAFT FOR A GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM Association Internationale sans but lucratif

European Research Infrastructure for Earth Observation using Passenger Aircraft

IAGOS Infrastructure Key Figures

Operational since January 2014

ESFRI Landmark since 2016

Atmospheric Domain Leader in ENVRIPLUS

Partners from science, industry and meteorological services

6 participating airlines globally

Long-term deployment (20 yrs)

IAGOS Data Key Figures

Longest time series:

- H2O, O3, Temperature (> 20 yrs), - CO (> 12 yrs)

Latest products: NOx , clouds, CO2, CH4

Open data policy (CAMS/GEO/GEOSS)

Near real-time data provision for CAMS

Real-time data provision


Integrated Carbon Observation System

Core business: provides standardized high-precision data on greenhouse gases and their fluxes.

Societal Impact: crucial information for decarbonisation and Climate Change mitigation.

Economic Impact: upstream impact through technical cooperation, downstream impact via open data usage.

Current status: operational and provide data since 2017.


• ACTRIS is supporting the scientific community and the society via:

• continuous, intercomparable and quality assured 4D-data on atmospheric composition.

• online data analysis tools for ACTRIS data.

• instrument calibrations.

• providing access to the best atmospheric research facilities in Europe.

• knowledge dissimination and training.

Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases Research Infrastructure


ACTRIS

ACTRIS is a distributed research infrastructure dedicated to high-quality observation of aerosols, clouds, trace gases and exploration of their interactions: delivers precision data, services and procedures regarding the 4D variability of clouds, short-lived atmospheric species and the physical, optical and chemical properties of aerosols to improve the current capacity to analyse, understand and predict past, current and future evolution of the atmospheric environment serves a vast community of users working on observations, experiments, models, satellite data, analysis and predicting systems offers access to advanced technological platforms for exploration of the relevant atmospheric processes in the fields of climate change and air quality


Why Aerosol, Cloud and Trace Gases ?

Climate, Air Quality, Atmospheric Hazards

“the largest uncertainty to estimates and interpretations of the Earth’s changing energy budget (IPCC)”

–0.9 [–2.1 to −0.1] W m−2 (medium to low confidence) High regional variability

2.83 [2.26 to 3.40] W m–2

(high to very high confidence) Low regional variability




“Half of European population to unhealthy air quality leading to more than 300000 premature deaths (WHO) ”

On average, Half of PM levels in a European city not produced by the city itself (IAASA) Knowledge of natural background, long-range transport (International and National contribution) a requirement




“Disasters due to natural hazards in EEA member countries have increased significantly between 1980 and 2009 (EEA)”

Extreme temperatures, Volcanic eruptions, droughts, Forest fires have strong influence on atmospheric composition, either directly (emission of aerosol and trace gases) or indirectly Potential (health) benefits from reducing emissions may be result less effective in a changing climate



Overcoming current knowledge gaps will require:

• Improved knowledge of emission intensities and source attribution

• Improved capacity for characterizing intrinsic properties of Aerosol and Clouds

• Improved capacity for a 4D approach of multi-component interactions

Emission

Trace Gases

Aerosol

Clouds

Removal




• the chemical, optical and physical properties of aerosol particles near the surface, their extinction and backscattering profiles of throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere and their integrated columnar properties

• the composition and concentration of specific reactive gases from the surface throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere

• the chemical and physical properties of cloud droplets and their dynamical evolution in natural clouds, leading to the formation of precipitation

• The processes by which aerosol, trace gases and clouds interact to lead to the observed variability and trends in the atmosphere


ACTRIS components

ACTRIS Observational Platforms (fixed ground-based stations delivering long-term data based on regular schedule and common operation standards)

- Aerosol remote sensing

- Aerosol in situ

- Cloud remote sensing

- Cloud in situ

- Trace gases remote sensing

- Trace gases in situ

ACTRIS Exploratory Platforms

atmospheric simulation chambers, laboratory platforms and mobile platforms that perform dedicated experiments and contribute data on specific atmospheric constituents, processes, events or regions by following common standards


The ACTRIS Concept

An Atmospheric Research Infrastructure to:

• Provide access to 4D variability of a multi-component system for detection of trends, source attribution and potential feedbacks processes

• Provide capacity to understand and quantify of interactions between the atmospheric multi-phase components

• Provide innovative approaches and methodologies for detection of atmospheric composition changes

• Provide training capacity to operators and users

Multi-instrumented observational platforms

Multi-instrumented exploratory platforms

Instrumental and ICT Expertises in Central Facilities


ACTRIS Concept

Observation for Climate and Air Quality, A Three-way Street: Satellites provide context, Ground-based provides details, & Models

complete the picture

Model Validation • Parameterizations

• Climate Sensitivity

• Underlying mechanisms

CURRENT STATE

• Initial Conditions

• Assimilation

frequent, global

snapshots;

aerosol amount &

aerosol type maps,

plume & layer heights

space-time interpolation, calculation and prediction

Satellites

4D targeted chemical

&

microphysical detail

point-location

time series

Models

Ground-based


ACTRIS Business model (1)

Understanding Climate system

New knowledge on Air Quality relevant processes

New knowledge of the Atmosphere

Understanding atmospheric dynamics

Competiveness of national and European science and technology

Long term reliable reference observation

s

Access to sites

Access to central

facilities

Instrument and method development

Field sites Experiment chambers

Central facilities DATA - CALIBRATION - DEVELOPMENT

Flexible support for research projects

Technological innovations and open knowledge

Lowered barriers for innovative science – national and

international

Short lived climate-forcing pollutants

Atmospheric transformations

Transport processes

Precipitation processes

Cloud processes and dynamics

New observation methods

Long term changes

From improved science … via new knowledge


ACTRIS Business model (2)

Understanding Climate system

New knowledge on Air Quality relevant processes

Food security

New knowledge of the Atmosphere

Tourism

Water access Economic growth

Improved climate resilience

Protection from environmental

hazards

Understanding atmospheric dynamics

Short lived climate-forcing pollutants

Atmospheric transformations

Transport processes

Precipitation processes

Cloud processes and dynamics

New observation methods

Long term changes

Visibility

Population health

Support of international programmes

Answering key environmental questions

Climate change

Air Quality

Water cycle

Circulation

changes

Emission verificat

ion

… via new knowledge ...

… to societal benefits

Agriculture

Providing for the society


ACTRIS Structure

Head Office

• Coordination and Management

• Service Access Management unit

Central Facilities

• ACTRIS Data Centre

• Topical Centres: Aerosol remote sensing, aerosol in situ, cloud remote sensing, cloud in situ, trace gases remote sensing, trace gases in situ

National Facilities

• Observations

• Explorations


ACTRIS Data services

Data Centre

ACTRIS data products ACTRIS VRE for tools and computing

NF aerosol, cloud and trace gas variables Instrument calibration

Calibration Centres


Physical access related ACTRIS services

Head Office / Services Access

Management Unit

Research Services Instrument calibration Industry Services Training services

Calibration Centres

National Facilities USERS


ACTRIS long-term strategy

Building the National dimension

ESFRI

Building the pan-European dimension

Operational till 2045


ACTRIS Italia

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA) Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II” (UniNA) Università degli Studi dell’Aquila (UniAQ) Università del Salento (UniSal) Università degli Studi di Urbino (UniUrb) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)

www.actris.it

ACTRIS Italia JRU nel 2017


ACTRIS Italia – National Facilities


ACTRIS Italia Central Facilities

- HO (Head Office) [CNR] CNR-IMAA gestisce il SAMU e partecipa al coordinamento europeo dell’intera IR

- Data Center [CNR] CNR-IMAA gestisce l’EARLINET data center (aerosol profiling)

- CARS (Aerosol Remote Sensing Topical Center) [CNR] CNR-IMAA ospita una unità del topical center per la calibrazione dei sistemi lidar

- CAIS (Aerosol in situ Topical Center) [INFN] INFN - Firenze, LABEC per le analisi con fasci ionici, Ion Beam Analysis (Iba)

Head Office / Services Access Management Unit


Opportunità

supporto alla comunità scientifica

dati di qualità

accesso a facilities e laboratori

sviluppo nuovi sensori

training

supporto alle imprese

massa critica / aumento di competitività

Al momento sono disponibili finanziamenti per accessi a facilities in Europa

attraverso i progetti ACTRIS 2 e EUROCHAMP2020 (www.actris.eu)


Conclusioni

le grandi infrastrutture di ricerca supportano l’eccellenza nella ricerca

Italia tra i maggiori paesi che supportano pan-EU IR

in campo ambientale /ricerca in campo atmosferico /qualità dell’aria

ACTRIS è attualmente in fase preparatoria ed entrerà in fase operativa nel 2025 (7 Enti, 12 gruppi di ricerca, utenti nazionali ed internazionali)

opportunità per la comunità scientifica nazionale ma anche per il paese

www.actris.it

www.actris.eu

http://www.actris.it/

http://www.actris.eu/


Ringraziamenti

21 paesi europei / associati sono coinvolti in ACTRIS per un totale di circa 120 istituzioni di ricerca

Supporto finanziario ACTRIS:

- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 654169, 730997 and no. 739530)

- ESA, EUMETSAT, COPERNICUS, ….

- Fondi nazionali e regionali

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