La Tavola Di Smeraldo Numero Speciale OUROBOROS ANNO 3 n° 2 e 3 - 2014

7/21/2019 La Tavola Di Smeraldo Numero Speciale OUROBOROS ANNO 3 n 2 e 3 - 2014

1/38

4

Udssbhcd ekobstrdnb gk ZtugkWrdgkzk`cdnk

Dcc` : c. 5/:Hkuhc` 5=47

C ROBU@ Z]BJKDNB G@]]K@ GBGKJDW@ DNND W D\@ND GK Z OBUDNG@


2/38

5 :


3/38

7 2

1 Nd nbhhbcgd gbn rktr`vdobct`41 Kn tbst` ndtkc` b nb sub trdguzk`ck

< \kdhhk` cbnnd Wdv`nd gk Zobrdng`gk B NBCD L UDZJD @ G@UKVVK (D UWABD ) 2 Gkobctkjdrb pbr Ukj`rgdrb B GKW@UKDNB

5< Dcdnksk gbn tbst` ` J`oobct


4/38

< 8

H K R H C @

N GKOBCWKJDUB ]BU UKJ@UGDUB

Nd Wdv`nd gk Zobrdng` j`cskstb gk p`jab lrdsk, gk gkllkjk-nb jòprbcsk`cb sbj`cg` k jdc`ck gbnnd n`hkjd jòucb,

kc juk s`c` tuttdvkd rdjjakusk k prkcjkpk gbnn'Drtb b nb ldsk gkrbdnkzzdzk`cb gbnn'@pbrd. B hnk sl`rzk gbhnk bsbhbtk gk trdgurcbkn j`ctbcut` kc j`cjbttk j`rrbctk adcc` pbr rksuntdt` nd spkb-hdzk`cb, nkctbrprbtdzk`cb, nd v`nhdrkzzdzk`cb gbn tbst`, odsbczd p`sskeknkt dnjucd gk trdsobttbrcb nd vbrd bssbczd.B uc bsbopk` gk jòb nuò` sk skd kop`vbrkt` cbn j`rs` gbnndsud bv`nuzk`cb, gk jòb nd j`cqukstd gbnnd pdr`nd, b p`k gbn-nd sjrktturd, cb deekdc` hrdgdtdobctb ttus` nb jdpdjkt pbrjbt-tkvb, prkvknbhkdcg` nd rdzk`cdnkt d sjdpkt` gbnnkctukzk`cb.Nd jòuckjdzk`cb `rdnb, b d odhhk`r rdhk`cb qubnnd sjrkttd,jòp`rtdc` uc gbjdgkobct` gbk j`cjbttk9 nb pdr`nb dgbhudc` knn`r` sbcs` dnnb jdpdjkt pbrjbttkvb gk jak dsj`ntd, pbrtdct` kn n`r`skhcklkjdt` tbcgb vbrs` nkvbnnk sboprb pk edssk, sbopnklkjdcg`sk b edcdnkzzdcg`sk lkc` d gkobctkjdrcb nd vdnbczd rkhkcdrkd.B kc qubst` pr`jbss` hrdc pdrtb adcc` b adcc` dvut` nb rbnk-hk`ck, c`c d jds` gbttb gbn nker`, j`c nd n`r` dcskd gk h`vbr-cdrb nb dckob dttrdvbrs` c`rob b prbjbttk.Jk jab ucd v`ntd brd pbrjbzk`cb gk sbcsdzk`ck, kctko` j`kc-v`nhkobct`, hhk gkvbctdt` n`hkjd b lkn`s`lkd, j`cjdtbcdzk`-cb gk j`cjbttk, dnnbcdobct` kctbnnbttudnb sboprb pk n`ctdc`gdnnbssbczd gbnnd rbdnt. Nd sdpkbczd ad prbs` kn p`st` gbnndj`c`sjbczd, nd rdhk`cb ad s`stktukt` nd jòprbcsk`cb, cbhdc-g` tutt` jk jab c`c rkbsjb d spkbhdrb.Djjdgb dcjab cbnnb jbrjakb kckzkdtkjab pk dttbctb, g`vb sk usdkn skoe`n` pbr s`nnbjktdrb nkctukzk`cb od p`k nd pdr`nb dssuobprbokcbczd, pbr spkbhdrb, gbttdhnkdrb, ldr jdpkrb.Kn pbrj`rs` kcvbrs` sk ld sboprb pk gkllkjknb6 sk trdttd gk t`rcd-rb dnnd vbrd bssbczd gbnnuò`, d sbctkrb pkutt`st` jab dgbsprkobrb, d pbrjbpkrb pkutt`st` jab d rdhk`cdrb, d `pbrdrb susb stbssk pkutt`st` jab d gksjutbrb su kp`tbtkjab obt`g`n`hkbgk bnbvdzk`cb spkrktudnb.Eks`hcd pdssdrb gdnnd Obctb dn Ju`rb, gk-obctkjdrb pbr rk-j`rgdrb, sb sk vu`nb dprkrb uc` spkrdhnk` su jk jab skdo`.Rc prkvknbhk` rksbrvdt` dcj`rd d p`jak, tbo`.


5/38

1 ;

Cbnnd l`t`6 Ubcdkssdcjb

Dnjabokst's Jr`ss,gksbhc` gk Zbta

Jadoebrnkc.

vkdhhk` cbnndtdv`nd gk sobrdng`

gk BNBCD LUDZJD @G@UKVVK (DUWABD)

Nd pk dctkjd vbrsk`cb gbnndWdeund Zodrdhgkcd lu pueenkjdtd kct`rc`dnn'152 g.J., s`tt` kn Jdnklldt` Deedskgb gkdn-Od'oc . Zk tr`vdvd dnnd lkcbgbn Ikte Zkrr dn-adnqd, uc tbst` drde` jab, trd kn 447= b kn 452=, lu trd-g`tt` kc ndtkc` j`c kn c`ob gk Nkebr gb sbjrbtks cdturdb (kn Nker` gbk Zbhrbtk

gbnnd Jrbdzk`cb) gd gub stugk`sk `pbrdctk kc Zpdhcd, Hk`vdcck gk Zkvk-hnkd b Rh` gk Zdctdnnd. Kn vbr` dut`rb gbnndWdeund b kn prbsuct` `rkhkcdnbhrbj`-skrkdc` rbstdc` d tutt'`hhk sj`c`sjkutk, dcjab sb nd Wrdgkzk`cb cbdttrkeuksjb nd sj`pbrtd dg Dp`nn`ck` gk Wydcd, uc lkn`s l` hrbj` cb`pktdh`-rkj` gbn K sbj`n` g.J., jab hnk Dctkjak j`cskgbrdvdc` uc "Zdct` ]dhdc`"

b hnk drdek jakdodvdc` Enkcs.


6/38

4= 44

n Ikte Zkrr dn-adnqd sk dprbj`c uc'dopkd trdttdzk`cb sunn'`-

rkhkcb gbnndrbdnt jrbdtd, jab prbsbctdkop`rtdctk bnbobctk gk dllkckt lrd nbgkcdokjab gk l`rodzk`cb gbn od-jr`j`so` b k pr`jbssk dnjabokjk bsk jakugb j`c ndWdv`nd Zobrdngkcd,uc erbvb b ndpkgdrk` jòp`ckobc-t`, qudsk dl`rkstkj`, kn juk sj`p` qubnn` gk rkdssuobrb b lkssdrb qubst`pdrdnnbnkso`. NdWdeund, d sud v`ntd, kctr`g`ttd gd uc erbvb prbdoe`n`ròdczdt`, cbn qudnb sk cdrrd kc jabo`g` lu tr`vdtd6

Bctrdcg` kc ucd jrkptd s`ttbrrdcbd,tr`vdk ucd tdv`nd gk Zobrdng` lrd nb odckgk Brobtb9 su qubstd tdv`nd brd sjrkttd nd\brkt rdjjakusd kc qubstb pdr`nb.

Tubst` pr`n`h` rkodst` pdrtbkctbhrdctb gbn tbst` dcjab cbnnb suj-jbsskvb pueenkjdzk`ck, pur suebcg` cbntbop` vdrkb o`gklkjab cdrrdtkvb, jabsk s`c` bv`nutb gk pdrk pdss` j`c ndtrdsl`rodzk`cb gbnnd lkhurd gk BrobtbWrksobhkst` gd Gkvkckt Bhkzkd d ]r`lb-

td ]dhdc . Zboerbrstrdc`, od kc qubstbp`jab pdr`nb s`c`j`ctbcutk k pk ko-p`rtdctk prkcjkpkgbnnd Wrdgkzk`cbBrobtkjd gbk prkoksbj`nk g`p` Jrkst`,hrdzkb dk qudnk ndWdeund p`t ldjkn-obctb dllbrodrsk trdhnk stugk`sk obgkbvdnk,ksndokjk b jrkstkdck.Nd Lkn`s`lkd Brobtkjddppdrvb trd kn KK b kn KKKsbj`n` g.J. s`tt` l`rodgk uc jòpnbss` gk g`t-trkcb okstkj`-rbnkhk`sb blkn`s`lkjab bnde`rdtb gd vdrkdut`rk rkodstk dc`ckok (o`nt`prèdeknobctb hrbjk kookhrdtk kcBhktt ), jab dttrkeukr`c` nd stbsurdgbk n`r` nkerk d Brobtb Wrksobhkst`.Zk trdttdvd gk uc kcskbob gk tb`rkbj`sokj`-dstr`n`hkjab gbrkvdtb gdnnbj`c`sjbczb gbk Odhk Krdckjk, obsj`-ndtb dnnb nbhhbcgb odhkj`-rbnkhk`sb

K

nd nbhhbcgd gbnrktr vdobct


7/38

45 4:

gbhnk Bhkzkdck, kcldrjktb gk bnbobctk gklkn`s`lkd b tburhkd cb`pndt ckjd, j`ctrdjjb gk cb`pktdh`rkso` b jrbgbczbhc`stkjab gk odtrkjb berdkj`-jrkstkdcd.Kc uc` gbk tbstk brobtkjk pk ldo`sk, nd I`rb I soù (nd Ldcjkunnd gbn J`so`) skrdjj`ctd jab Brobtb, g`p` dvbr kcvbc-tdt` nd sjrktturd nd us pbr kcjkgbrb nbsub j`c`sjbczb su gbnnb stbndk , jab p`kcdsj`sb kc dt tbsd jab l`ssbr` rktr`vdtbgdnnb hbcbrdzk`ck luturb6

YBrobtb_ vkgb n'kcskbob gbnnb j`sb b,dvbcg` vkst`, jòprbsb, b dvbcg` jòprbs`,beeb kn p`tbrb gk rkvbndrb b gk o`strdrb. Nbj`sb jab bhnk j`cèeb, nb kcjksb, b dvbcg`nb

kcjksb, nb cdsj`sb. B pbr obhnk` dodrnb, ko-

p`sb sunnd odhhk`r pdrtb gk bssb kn sknbczk ,kc o`g` jab `hck hbcbrdzk`cb vbcutd dno`cg`, kc sbhukt` g`vbssb jbrjdrnb.

Cbn tdrg` pbrk`g` bnnbckstkj`-ròd-c` nb st`rkb rkhudrgdctk n'`jjuntdobct`gk Nkerk Zdjrk gbctr` jrkptb b sbp`njrkgd pdrtb gk pbrs`cdhhk sbokgkvkckgkvbccb ucd tbodtkjd gòkcdctb trdj`n`r` jab sk gbgkjdvdc` dnnd rkjbrjdgbnnd J`c`sjbczd. O`ntk, trd juk n'dn-jakokstd@nkopk`g`r` (745 - 0), brdc`j`cvkctk jab k okstbrk`sk jdrdttbrkhbr`hnklkjk kcjksk suk sdrj`ldhk, suhnkèbnksjak b sunnb stbndk bhkzkb, jbnds-sbr` ucd hrdcgb sdpkbczd pbrgutd,

gbstkcdtd d j`n`r` jab l`ssbr` rkusjktkd gbjklrdrnk. Zbj`cg` kn cb`pndt`-ckj` Hkdoenkj`, (572-:52 g.J.)hnk stbssk ]ndt`cb b ]ktdh`rd brdc`rkusjktk d nbhhbrb nb okstbrk`sb stb-ndk gk Brobtb, rkjdvdcg` gd qubstbnb n`r` j`c`sjbczb. Brdc` c`tkdcjab dntrk sdpkbctk jab dvbvdc`dllkgdt` kn n`r` sdpbrb dtdv`nb b pkndstrk . Kn pk kop`rtdctb gkqubstk brd V`r`dstr`, pr`lbtd ok-stkj` obs`p`tdokj`, jab sk gkjbvddvbssb l`cgdt` ndZjkbczd gbnnb stbnnb d Edekn`ckd b dvbssb bnbvdt`47 pkndstrk, 8 gk er cz` b 8 gk odtt`ck,su juk dvbvd trdsjrktt` nb DrtkNkebrdnkj`s gd j`csbrvdrnb d us`gbnnd p`stbrkt cbnn'bvbctudnkt gk ucgknuvk`.

Dcbnn` gk j`chkuczk`cb jun-turdnb trd nb j`cjbzk`ck okstkj`-dstr`n`hkjab obs`p`tdokjab bqubnnb dnjabokjab bhkzkb sboerdbssbrb stdt` uc pbrs`cdhhk`psbug`st`rkj`, n'dnjakokstd hrbj` E`n`-Gbo`jrkt`.

Zbj`cg` nd nbhhbcgd, n` psbu-g`-Gbo`jrkt`, pbr p`tbr jòpnb-tdrb nd sud l`rodzk`cb, drrkv dbv`jdrb gdnn'Dngkn n` spkrkt` gbnsu` odbstr` @stdcb , uc Odh` krd-ckj` nd juk dut`rkt brd j`cskgbrd-td dn pdrk gk qubnnd gk V`r`dstr`.@stdcb hnk rksp`sb gk jbrjdrb k

nkerk, d nuk dppdrtbcutk qudcg` brdvkv`, cbn Wbopk`, od Gbo`jrkt`c`c tr`v cbssuc tbst`, d pdrtbp`jab pdr`nb jab rdpprbsbctdvd-c` nd skctbsk gk tuttd nd Zjrktturd,kcjksb dnn'kctbrc` gk ucd j`n`ccdjab sk spdndcj okrdj`n`sdobctbcbn obzz`. Zk rdjj`ctd, jab g`p`qubnn'bspbrkbczd, dcjab Gbo`jrk-t` gbjksb gk sjrkvbrb uc'`pbrdsutdv`nbttb g'dv`rk b `rgkc jab l`ssbrkp`std cbnnd sud tòed.

N'dc`cko` dut`rb gbnnd nbhhbc-gd gbn rktr`vdobct` gbnndWdv`ndgk Zobrdng` utknkzz bvkgbctbobc-tb qubstb stbssb tbodtkjab jòb

bspbgkbctb nbttbrdrk`, kc o`g` gdgko`strdrb n'kcj`ctbstdeknb dut`rk-t gbn su` tbst` b n` lbjb skjur` gkc`c kcj`rrbrb kc djjusb gk brbskd` kg`ndtrkd, gdt` jab d qubnn'bp`-jd Brobtb Wrksobhkst` c`c brdpk vkst` jòb uc Gk`, od jòbuc oktkj` ]r`lbtd jkvknkzzdt`rb,kcsbrkt` dnn'kctbrc` gk ucdHbcbdn`- hkd gk Zdpkbctk , jab sk jakdodvdc`tuttk dnn` stbss` o`g`, qudsk jabkn còb Brobtb l`ssb gkvbctdtùcd s`rtd gk bpktbt` sdjbrg`tdnbtrdodcgdt` gk hbcbrdzk`cb kchbcbrdzk`cb.

ND LKHRUD GK BUOBWBWUKZOBHKZW@

Nd nbctd trdsl`rodzk`cb gbn Gk`Wa`t-Wabuta, gd sòod gkvkckt bhk-zkd dZuprbo` Lkn`s`l` b Zjkbczkdt` gbnnd Cdturd, kckzk kc bp`jd bnnbckstkjd j`cn'kgbctklkjdzk`cb gbn Gk` hrbj` Abrobs j`c kn Gk` Bhkzk gbnnd J`c`sjbczd. Zuj-jbsskvdobctb, kc bp`jd dnbssdcgrkcd,k prkok dnjakokstk bnbssbr` qubstd vbr-sk`cb hrbjkzzdtd gbn GkWa`t d n`r`pr`tbtt`rb, gdcg`hnk kn còb gk BrobtbWrksobhkst` b rbcgbcg`n` pr`tdh`ckstdgbnnd odhhk`r pdrtb gbnnb rkvbndzk`ckg`ttrkcdnk j`ctbcutb cbk n`r` tbstk,gbttk pbr qubst` o`tkv Brobtkjk .

K j`ctbcutk sdpkbczkdnk gk qubstknkerk kclnubczdr`c` dcjab k pk jrktkjk

b kctrdcskhbctk trd hnk bvdchbnkzzdt`rkjrkstkdck, dn puct` jab n'dp`n`hbtd Wbr-tunnkdc` (422- 5:= g.J.) drrkv d jktdrbBrobtb Wrksobhkstjòb kn odbstr`gk tuttk j`n`r` jab stugkdc` nd Cdturd (hnk sjkbczkdtk kc hbcbrb), obctrb kn su` j`n-nbhd Ndttdczk` (52=-:58 g.J.) n` p`sbtrd k prbjurs`rk gbn pbcskbr` jrkstkdc`,kc vkrt gbnnd gkobcsk`cb okstkj`-tb`n`hkjd gbnnb g`ttrkcb j`ctbcutb cbknkerk d nuk dttrkeuktk.

Zdct'Dh`stkc` (:27-7:= g.J.),c`c pdrtkj`ndrobctb g'djj`rg` j`ck su`k prbgbjbss`rk sunn'kop`rtdczdg`ttrkcdnb gbnn'Brobtkso` pdhdc`,cb j`clbro jòucqub n'bskstbczd


8/38

47 42

l`rcbcg`hnk ucd hbcbdn`hkd jab n`vbgbvd j`ctbop`rdcb` gk O`s bgksjbcgbctb gdDtndctb, kn hrdcgb Dstr`-n`h`, lrdtbnn` gk ]ròbtb`, c`cc` odtbrc`gbn odhhk`rb Obrjurk`, kn juk ckp`tb lu kn ldo`s` Obrjurk` Wrksobhkst`.

Nd lkhurd gk Brobtb b gbn su`cu`v` dnebr` hbcbdn`hkj` vbccbrùntbrk`robctb odckp`ndtb trd n'\KKK bkn KQ sbj`n`, pr`prk` qudcg` ndWdv`nd

gk Zobrdng` vbccb rbgdttd. N` st`rkj` ekzdctkc` Hk`rhk` Zkcjbnn` ( 0 - g`p`n'14= g.J.), jktdcg` kopr`prkdobctbOdcbt`cb, sdjbrg`tb bhkzk` gbn KKK sb-j`n` d.J., spkbh jab brdc` bskstktk gubBrobtb, kn prko` sk jakdodvd Wa`tab vkssb prkod gbn gknuvk`, obctrb knsbj`cg` prbsb kn còb gk BrobtbWrksobhkst`6

Dnn'bp`jd gk W`nòb` Lkndgbnl` bhnk YOdcbt`-cb_ lu còkcdt` Zòo`Zdjbrg`tb gbk tbopnk pdhdck gbnn'Bhktt` b sjrkssbkc edsb d ksjrkzk`ck cbnnd

Wbrrd Zbrkdgkjd YBhktt`_jab brdc` stdtb ldttb, jòbbhnk dllbrod, kc nkchudhhk` sdjr` b j`c k sdctk jdrdttbrkgk Wa`t kn ]rko` Brobtb btrdg`ttb g`p` kn Gknuvk` kc hbr`hnklkjk. Tudcg` n'`pbrd lu gksp`std kc Nkerk gd Dhdt`gbo`cb, lkhnk` gbn sbj`cg` Brobtb YWrksob- hkst`_ b pdgrb gk Wdt, cbk sdctudrk g'Bhktt`.

Cbnn` stbss` pbrk`g`,kn lkn`s`l`, dstr`cò`b odtbodtkj` pbrskdc`

Deu Odmsadr , (818-118)rbgdssb uc'dntrd hbcb-dn`hkd cbnnd qudnb trbgkstkctk pbrs`cdhhk,sbj`n` g`p` sbj`n`,dvbvdc` brbgktdt` n'uc`gdnn'dntr` kn còb b nbj`c`sjbczb gk Brobtb6kn prko` Brobtb , vkssu-t` prkod gbn gknuvk`,c`c brd uc Gk`, od ucoktkj` Jkvknkzzdt`rb gbnndrdzzd uodcd, gk còbWa`t , jab dvbvd kcsb-hcdt` dhnk Bhkzkdck ndsjrktturd hbr`hnklkjd b dj`strukrb nb pkrdokgk9 kn sbj`cg` Brobtb , vkssut` d

Cbnnkoodh kcb6Wa`t, gk` gbnnd sjrkttu rd b gbnndnbttbrdturd, kc ucedss`rknkbv` gbntbopk` gk Idrcdi.


9/38

4< 48

Edekn`ckd g`p`kn gknuvk`, brdstdt` uc odbstr` kc obgkjkcd,kc lkn`s`lkd b kcodtbodtkjd bdvbvd kckzkd-t` dggkrktturd]ktdh`rd9 kntbrz`b untko` Brobtb ,j`ctkcudcg`nd okssk`cb gbksu`k prbgbjbss`-rk, dvbvdbg`tt`n'Rodckt cbnnb sjkbczb `jjuntb b

cbnndnjakokd.Cbnnd jrb-dzk`cb b cbnndgkllusk`cbgbnn'kgbd gk uc Brobtb Wrksobhkst`Jkvknkzzdt`rb , sk kcsbrksj`c` dcjab nbvkjbcgb gk Adrrdc, ucd okstbrk`sdjktt skrkdcd jab, cbn


10/38

41 4;

kcgkjdtd j`ob Wdeund Vdrdgk , kcvbjbgkZodrdhgk 6

Dnbssdcgr` kn Hrdcgb cbk su k vkdhhktr`v kn sbp`njr` gk Brobtb, pdgrb gk tuttk k lkn`s`lk, pkbc` gk tuttk k tbs rk c`c obtdnnkjk,od gk nbttbrb durbb, sjrkttb cbnnd tdv`nd gkVdrdg, nd qudnb sjrktturd dcjab j`ctbcutdcbhnk untkok nkerk jab Hdnbc` j`op`sb...

Dn gk n gbnnb `ssbrvdzk`ck gbn Ub-hakck, hk dnn'kckzk` gbn Q\KK sbj`n` krkjbrjdt`rk dvbvdc` kckzkdt` d obttbrbkc gksjussk`cb n'bskstbczd gk BrobtbWrksobhkst` b gk j`csbhubczd nd vdnk-gkt stbssd gk o`ntb tb`rkb dnjabokjab.

Kn lkn`n`h` Ksddj Jdsdue`c, cbnsu` Gb rbeus sdjrks bt bjjnbskdstkjksbxbrjktdtk`cbs Q\K , gbn 4


11/38

5= 54

kn tbst` ndtkc`b nb subtrdguzk`ck

n tbst` gbnndWdv`nd gk Zobrdng`,gdnnd sud sj`pbrtd kc p`k,

stdt` pueenkjdt` b rkpueenkjdt` j`c-tkcudobctb. Dppdrb cbnZbhrbt` gbkZbhrbtk gbnn` psbug`-Drkst`tbnb (QKKsbj`n`), cbn Gb Dnjakokd gbnn` psbug`-Dnebrt` Odhc` (QKKK sbj`n`), cbn GbZbjrbtkssko` ]akn`s`pa`ruo `pbrb jabokj` gbn Wrbvksdc` (Q\ sbj`n`) b cbnJ`o-obctdrkuo gbn okstbrk`s` dnjakokstdA`rt`ndcus (Q\K sbj`n`). \bccbtrdg`tt` b j`oobctdt` dcjab gdnlkn`s`l` lrdcjbsjdc` Uuhhbr` Edj`cb( G`jt`r Okrdeknks , 4547-45;7), gdnn'dedtb ebcbgbttkc` Wrktabokus (47


12/38

55 5:

Zkj adebeks hn`rkdo t`tkus oucgk. Kgb` luhkdt d tb ocks èsjurktds. Akj bst t`tkus l`rtktugkcks l`rtktug` l`rtks9 qukd ukcjbtòcbo rbo suetknbo, ocboqub s`nkgdo pbcbtrdekt. Zkj oucgus jrbdtus bst. Akcjbruct dgdptdtk`cbs okrdeknbs, qudruoo`gus akj bst.

Ktdqub u`jdtus suo Abrobs Wrksob- hkstus, adebcs trbs pdrtbs pakn`s`pakt`tkus oucgk. Jòpnbtuo bst qu`g gkxk gb`pbrdtk`cb s`nks.

Nb vdrkb trdguzk`ck gbnndWdeund,ldttb cbn tbop`, gkvbrh`c` nbhhbrobctbucd gdnn'dntrd, pbr juk a` sjbnt` gk utknkz-

`hck bp`jd adcc` jbrjdt` gk jò-prbcgbrb n'bckhodtkj` tbst` gbnndWd-eund Zodrdhgkcd, ndsjkdcg` dk p`stbrkkn n`r` jòobct`.

Dnjuck vk adcc` vkst` uc jò-pbcgk` gk vbrkt obtdlkskjab,obctrb dntrk ucd sbopnk-jb rkjbttd pbr rkjdvdrbn'djkg` s`nl`rkj` gdnndpkrktb (s`nlur` gklbrr`). Wuttk qudctkadcc` prèdekn-obctb ucd pdrtbgk rdhk`cb, odc`c vk o`g`gk pr`vdrn`,

pbrja kn tbst`c`c n` pbrobttbb nb l`ctk st`rk-jab c`c s`c`sullkjkbctk. Nbuckjab j`sbjbrtb s`c` gub6nd prkod jabndWdeund lu ldttdj`c`sjbrb dn o`cg`gd Gfekr Kec Adyyc ,kn pk hrdcgb dnjakokstddrde`, jab rbkctr`gussb kc@jjkgbctb n' Drtb gbnnd Gkstknnd- zk`cb , nd stbssd gk juk sk pdrnd cbnnker`9 nd sbj`cgd jab kn Wbst` dppdrbpr`prk` dnnd lkcb gk uc'dopkd trdttd-zk`cb sunobjjdckso` j`sokj` dnn'@rkhkcbgbnnd Ubdnt, jòb l`ssb ucd s`rtd gkskctbtkj` nkerbtt` gk kstruzk`ck tb`rkjabdg us` gbnn'dnjakokstd jab v`nbssb rk-pr`gurrb, kc sjdnd okjr`j`sokjd, ucds`rtd gkHbcbsk kc ]r`vbttd.

Jk jab ndWdeund pu rkvbndrjk kcpk c`c ad ckbctb d jab vbgbrb j`c nbrbdnk kctbczk`ck gbn su` dc`cko` dut`-rb, od rkhudrgd n'kgb`n`hkd dnjabokjdstbssd, jab kc ucd jbrtd oksurd j`c-tkcud d kcl nubczdrb kn c`str` o`cg`.Bssd sk rktr`vd tdct` cbnnb tb`rkb sjkbc-tklkjab, j`c nb qudnk jbrjakdo` gk jò-prbcgbrb n'`rkhkcb gbnn'Rckvbrs , jab kcqubnnb pskj`n`hkjab, j`c juk pr`vkdo`d pbcbtrdrb cbk objjdcksok rbj`cgktk

gbnn'Dckod uodcd. N` pskj`n h` JdrnHustdv Fuch, pbr bsbopk`, ldv`r ndrkcdsjktd gbnn' Dnjakokd Zpkrktudnb kcbp`jd o`gbrcd, hrdzkb dnnd nbtturd gbk

tbstk jakokjk b okstkjk gkV`sko` gk ]dc`p`nk,

(lkcb KKK kckzk` K\g.J.)6

C`tdk ebc prbst` jab nd pskj`n hkd

dcdnktkjdj`cj`rgd-vd strd-cdobctb

j`c n'dn-jakokd. Nbbspbrkbc-

zb gbhnkdnjakokstkbrdc`, kc

uc jbrt` sbcs`, nb okbbspbrkbczb, b

kn n`r` o`cg`brd kn ok` o`cg`.

Cdturdnobctb qubstd lu pbr ob ucd sj`pbrtd

kop`rtdctb6 dvbv` tr`vdt`n'bqukvdnbctb st`rkj` gbnnd okd pskj`n`hkd

gbnn'kcj`csjk`. @rd bssd dvbvd uc l`cgd-obct` st`rkj`. Nd p`sskeknkt gk uc rdllr`ct`j`c n'dnjakokd, j`s jòb nd j`ctkcukt spkrktudnb lkc dn n ctdc` Hc`stkjkso`, nbgdvdc` nd odtbrkd. Hrdzkb dnn` stugk` gkqubk vbjjak tbstk, tutt` tr`v kn su` p`st`6 kno`cg` skoe`nkj` gbnnb ldctdskb, kn odtbrkdnb spbrkobctdnb rdjj`nt` cbnnd okd dttkvkt pr`lbssk cdnb, b nb j`cjnusk ck jab cb dvbv`trdtt`. Dgbss` jòkcjkdv` d jdpkrb jab j`sd skhcklkjdssbr` k j`ctbcutk pskjakjk dnnd nujbgk ucd pr`spbttkvd st`rkjd.

Ukhudrg` nd spbjundrkt trd nb nbhhkjab rbh`ndc` n'kclkcktdobctb hrdcgbb qubnnb jab dhksj`c` cbnn'kclkcktd-obctb pkjj`n`, ]d`n` Odhhk , kc ucdrtkj`n` gdn tkt`n` Jòb kc dnt`, j`s

4 - Wrdguzk cb ]kjj nkck/A rt ndcus 5 - Wrdguzk cb Lbrde`nk/I`pp

B' vbr` sbczd obcz`hcd, jbrt` b vbrkssko`.

Jk jab kc edss` jòb jk jab kc dnt`, bjk jab kc dnt` jòb jk jab kc edss`, pbr ldrb k okrdj`nk gbnnd j`sd ucd. B p`kja tuttb nb j`sb s`c` b pr`vbch`c` gducd, pbr nd obgktdzk`cb gk ucd, j`s tuttb nbj`sb s`c` cdtb gd qubstd j`sd uckjd obgkdc-tb dgdttdobct`.

Kn Z`nb su` pdgrb, nd Nucd sud odgrb, kn\bct` n'ad p`rtdtd cbn su` vbctrb, nd Wbrrd nd sud cutrkjb. Kn ]dgrb gk tutt`, kn Wbnbsodgk tutt` kn o`cg` quk9 Nd sud l`rzd ` p`tbczd kctbrd sb bssd j`cvbrtktd kc Wbrrd.

Zbpdrbrdk nd Wbrrd gdn Lu`j`, kn s`ttknb gdnn` spbss`, g`njbobctb b j`c hrdcgb kcgustrkd.Zdnb gdnnd Wbrrd dn Jkbn` b cu`vdobctbgksjbcgb kc Wbrrd, b rkjbvb nd l`rzd gbnnb j`sb supbrk`rk b kclbrk`rk.

J`c qubst` obzz` dvrdk nd hn`rkd gk tutt` kno`cg` b pbr obzz` gk jk n'`sjurkt luhhkr gd tb. nd l`rzd l`rtb gk `hck l`rzd6 pbrja vkcjbr`hck j`sd s`ttknb b pbcbtrbr `hck j`sd s`nkgd.J`s stdt` jrbdt` kn o`cg`. Gd jk sdrdcc`b gkvbrrdcc` obrdvkhnk`sk dgdttdobctk, kn jukobt`g` quk.

B' pbr jk jab s`c` stdt` jakdodt` AbrobsWrksobhkst`, dvbcg` nb trb pdrtk gbnnd lkn`s`- lkd gk tutt` kn o`cg`. Jk jab a` gbtt` gbnn'`- pbrdzk`cb gbn Z`nb jòpkut` b pbrlbtt`.

Nd vbrkt sbczd obcz`hcd, jbrtd dutbctkjd.

Jk jab s`tt` kgbctkj` d jk jab s`prdb jk jab s`prd kgbctkj` d jk jab s`tt`9qubst` pbrobttb gk pbcbtrdrb nb obrdvkhnkbgbnn'uckt.Wuttb nb j`sb gbrkvdc` gd sboprb gdnn'Rc`,gdn N`h`s gbnn'Rc`9 j`s tuttb nb j`sb s`c` stdtb jrbdtb gdnn'Rc`, kc j`cl`rokt.

Zu` pdgrb kn Z`nb, sud odgrb nd Nucd. Kn\bct` n` p`rt cbn su` hrboe`. Nd Wbrrd nd sud cutrkjb. J`stuk kn pdgrb gk `hck rbd-nkzzdzk`cb kc tutt` kn o`cg`. Kn su` p`tbrb t`tdnb qudcg` sk outdt` kc tbrrd.

Zbpdrbrdk nd tbrrd gdn lu`j`, n'kopdnpdeknbgdn jòpdtt`, od j`c gbnkjdtbzzd b j`c hrdcgb dttbczk`cb. Zdnb gdnnd tbrrd dn jkbn` b p`k rkgksjbcgb sunnd tbrrd, b dss`jkd kn p`tbrbgk qudct` s`prd b gk qudct` s`tt`.

J`s dvrdk nd hn`rkd gk tutt` kn o`cg` b `hcktbcberd sk dnn`ctdcbr gd tb.Tubstd p`tbczd p`tbctb pk gk tuttd nd p`tbczd, pbrja gòkcbr `hck j`sd kopdn- pdeknb b pbcbtrbr `hck j`sd s`nkgd. J`s kno`cg` lu jrbdt`. Gd quk s`rhbrdcc` okrdeknkj`rrksp`cgbczb9 qubstd nd n`r` rbh`nd.

]br qubst` k` s`c` jakdodt` Brobtb trb v`ntbHrdcgb, pbrja k` h`vbrc` nb trb pdrtk gbnnd sdhhbzzd gbn o`cg` tutt`. Zk j`cjnus`qudct` k` a` gbtt` jkrjd n'dzk`cb gbn Z`nb.

zdrcb b j`clr`ctdrcb gub6 qubnnd ldttdgdZdekcd b U`sdrk` ]kjj`nkck , jab sk tr`vdcbn 4 \`nuob gkKn Lkn` gk Drkdccd, 75trdttdtk gk Dnjakokd gdnnDctkjakt dn Q\KKK sbj`n b qubnnd gbn lkn`n`h` Lbrde`nk , jabsk tr`vd cbnnd j`nnbzk`cb Drjdcd Ouc-gk , 5 \`nuob, Gkvkcdzk cb, Dstr`n hkd, Dnjakokd, edsdtd sunn'bgkzk`cb gbn I`pp gbn 41


13/38

57 52

kc edss`, jòpdrs` su @llkjkcdb , adrbjbctbobctb sjrktt`6

Od j`sd rbstd `hhk gbn jòb kc dnt ,j`s kc edss` cbn pdtrko`ck` sjkbctklkjò`gbrc`0 O`nt` pk gk qudct` sk p`trbeeb pbcsdrb. C`c j' gueek` jab, gdnnd sj`pbrtdgbhnk dtòk, kc p`k, n'kp`tbsk jab odtbrkddckodtd b kcdckodtd, j`rp` uodc` b dstrkjbnbstk, l`ssbr` j`stktuktk gdnnb stbssb strutturb l`cgdobctdnk, ad dvut` ucd jndo`r sdj`clbrod. Gucqub, dnobc` cbnn'kclkcktd-obctb pkjj`n`, hnk dctkjak lkn`s`lk adcc`dvut` rdhk`cb6 tutt` s`hhkdjb dnnb stbssbnbhhk6 nb rbdzk`ck jakokjab jab dvvbch`c`cbnnb c`strb jbnnunb s`c` uhudnk d qubnnb jabdvvbch`c` kc qudnskdsk pdrtb gbnn'uckvbrs`. Od sboerd jab pbrskc nd pdrtb gbnnd tb`rkd

okjr`-odjr`j`- sokjd jkrj`cgdtdgd ucd skckstrd du-rd gk strbh`cbrkd,qubnnd dnnd qudnb,j`c tuttd nd eu`cdv`n`ct, d o`ntk gkc`k rkbsjb gdvvbr`gkllkjknb jrbgbrb, skd stdtd kcdspbttdtd-obctb rkvdnutdtdgd dnjucb rbjbctktb`rkb gbnnd lkskjd. Kcsòod, sboerd pr`prk` jab bvbctkjab djjdg`c` kc

ucd pdrtb n`ctdcdgbn j`so` p`ssdc`kclnubczdrb kn rbst`gbn skstbod sbczdjab dnjucd bcbrhkd sk trdsobttdodtbrkdnobctb. qudct` dllbrod,dg bsbopk`, kn tb`-rbod gk Ebnn. Dc-jab Gdvkg Eào,cbnnd sud tb`rkd`n`còkjd gbnnd lkskjd qudctkstkjd,kp`tkzzd jab `hck pdrtb gbnn'uckvbrs`

p`ssd kopr`ctdrsk dnnb strutturb b dk pr jbsskgbn tutt`. Zb qubst` l`ssb dvvdn`rdt`, sdrbeebjòb gkrb jab dvbvd rdhk`cb ]drdjbns`,qudcg` s`stbcbvd jab `hck pdrtb j`ctkbcbkn tutt`. Gbn rbst`, Lrktf`l Jdprd, cb Kn Wd`gbnnd Lkskjd dvbvd dctkjkpdt` qubstd tbc-gbczd hk dnjuck dcck ld. Gucqub nb untkobtb`rkb sjkbctklkjab stdrbeebr` kcdspbttdtd-obctb rkvdnutdcg` n'kctbr` pdtrko`ck` gkkgbb gbhnk sjkbczkdtk prbo`gbrck, tdct` jab Gdvkg U`y Hrkllkc pdrnd gk uc rbkcjdctbsk-o` gbnnd sjkbczd.

N'dttudnkt gbn pbcskbr` dnjabokj` gucqub bvkgbctb, od jk jab pur-tr`pp` jk gkstkchub gdhnk dnjakokstkgbn pdssdt` nd pbrgktd gbnn'kcc jbczd,jk` gbn sbcs` gbn Zdjr` b gbnnd O`rd-

nb dnn'kctbrc` gbnnd rkjbrjd b gbnn'kcgu-strkd sjkbctklkjd. J`c qubstb prbobssbc`c p`ss`c` s`rhbrb jab nb pbhhk`rkdebrrdzk`ck, jòb spkbhdvd kn jakokjÀbnout Hbebnbkc hk cbk prkok gbnc`vbjbct`, kn sbj`n` jab ad j`strukt` busdt` nd eòed dtòkjd6

Y..._ n'dnjakokd sk gkstkchub gdnnd sjkbczbcdturdnk pbr kn o`g` kc juk sk rdpp`rtddnnd cdturd. N'dnjakokd sbhub nd cdturd,nb sjkbczb nd s`ttòbtt`c` Y..._ Cbn 4821,kc uc` sjrktt` gk Dct`kcb-F`sbpa ]brcbty(484


14/38

5< 58

rbgbczk`cb gbnnd Cdturd s`prdvvkvb, `jjun-tdt` cbn pr`hrdood pdtbtkj` gbnnb s`jkbtkcgustrkdnk, jab okrdc` dnnd trdsoutdzk`-cb t`tdnb gbnnd Cdturd, dnnd sud trdsl`rodzk`cb kc bcbrhkd.

Cbn gkjkdcc`vbsko` sbj`n , gòkcdt`gdnnb sjkbczb lkskj`-jakokjab b gdn gbj`nn`kcgustrkdnb, n'uò` hkuchb d s`stktukrsk dnWbop`, cbk su`k rdpp`rtk j`c nd Cdturd. Zkrbdnkzzd dnn`rd, kc pr`p`rzk`ck lkc` d qubnoòbct` kckoodhkcdeknk, kn su` gbskgbrk`gk prbjkpktdrb k rktok tbop`rdnk, dttrdvbr- s` n` slruttdobct` sboprb pk rdpkg` bgbllkjdjb gbnnb okckbrb, gbk hkdjkobctk gkjdre`c l`ssknb, gbnnb rks`rsb pbtr`nklbrb9 bg s`prdttutt` dnn`rd jab nd jakokjd `rhdckjd,

kctbrdobctb oèknktdtd d l`rzdrb kn sbhrbt`gbk l`cgdobctk `rhdckjk gbnnd \ktd, dprbnd vkd dhnk kccuobrbv`nk pr`g`ttk skctb-tkjk. Y_ Bg c`t` lkc` d jab puct` ndprbpdrdzk`cb skctbtkjd gbnnd vktd, pbrsk-c` cbnn'uoknb l`rod gk qudnjab jbnnund gk pr`t`pndsod, l`ssb kn s`hc` suprbo` gbnnd sjkbczd gurdctb tuttd nd sbj`cgd obt gbngkjkdcc`vbsko` sbj`n` lkc` dk prkok dcckgbn vbctbsko`, qubnn` gbnn'òucj`n`. Y_ Nd jakokjd ad rdjj`nt` s`n` kcskhcklkjdctk lrdoobctk gbnn'brbgkt dnjabokjd. Kn cujnb`gk qubstd brbgkt sk tr`vd dntr`vb, cbnnb kgb-`n`hkb nbttbrdrkb gk Ednzdj, gk \kjt`r Auh`,gbk cdturdnkstk, cbk skstbok gbnn'bj`còkjd p`nktkjd jdpktdnkstkjd, nkebrdnb b odrxkstd,cbnnb tb`n`hkb sbj`ndrkzzdtb gbn odtbrkdnk- so`, gbn p`sktkvkso`, gbn pr`hrbss` kclkckt`,`vucqub kcsòod rkspnbcgd nd lbgb cbnnb p`sskeknkt knnkoktdtb gbnn'aò` ldebr, `vuc-qub sk odcklbstk kn skhcklkjdt` bsjdt`n`hkj`gbn ndv`r`, gbnnd tbjckjd, gbnn` sl ruttdobc-t` sjkbctklkj` gbnnd Cdturd. Y_ N'Dnjakokdad gdt` dn o`cg` o`gbrc` o`nt` pk gkucd jakokjd rugkobctdnb6 hnk ad trdsobs- s` nd sud lbgb cbnnd trdsoutdzk`cb gbnnd Cdturd b nd sud doekzk`cb gk gòkcdrb knWbop`. Jbrt` qubstd brbgkt stdtd kctbsdb rbdnkzzdtd gdnn'uò` o`gbrc` su uc pkd-c` ebc gkvbrs` gd qubnn` gbnn'Dnjakokstd.Tubstk sk jòp`rtdvd dcj`rd jòb n'uò`drjdkj`, pbr kn qudnb nd Cdturd brd ucd l`ctb gk kbr`ldckb b kn ndv`r` j`stktukvd ucrktudnb. Od nd sjkbczd o`gbrcd sk p`tutd

j`stktukrb s`n` dttrdvbrs` ucd gbsdjrd-nkzzdzk`cb gbnnd Cdturd9 Y_ Nb s`jkbtkcgustrkdnk adcc` pbrgut` `hck rdpp`rt`j`c uc ndv`r` nkturhkj`, s`nkgdnb dk rktk gbkobstkbrk. Y_ ]ur s`stktubcg`sk dn Wbop`,n'dnjakokstd sk hudrgdvdebcb gdnn'djjbt-tdrcb nbrbh`-nb9

s`hcdvd gk prbjkpktdrb k rktok tbop`rdnk,gk ldrb n'`r` pk vbn`jbobctb gbnnd Cdturd,od gd eu`c lkn`s`l` okstkj` jab l`ssbn'dnjakokstd dvbvd pdurd gbn Wbop`, c`c sk rkj`c`sjbvd jòb uc bssbrb bssbczkdn-

obctb tbop`rdnb, dspkrdvd dnnbebdtktugkck gbn ]drd-

gks` b s`hcdvdn'btbrckt,

pbrsb- huk-

vd n'koo`rtdnkt, n'Bnkxkr \ktdb Y_n'dnjakokstd gòkcdvd kn Wbop` qudcg`rbktbrdvd skoe`nkjdobctb, cbk su`k dppd-rbjjak, kn jd`s prko`rgkdnb b nd j`so`h`ckdb qudcg` suekvd nd o`rtb b nd rbsurrbzk`-cb kckzkdtkjab. @hck kckzkdzk`cb brd ucdvktt`rkd sunnd o`rtb, jk` sunnd tbop`rdnkt9n'kckzkdt` sk pr`jndodvd koo`rtdnb, skbrd l`rhkdt` uc'bspbrkbczd p`st o`rtbo jabgkjakdrdvd kcgkstruttkeknb.

Nd trdhkjd hrdcgbzzd gbnn'uò o`gbrc nbhdtd dn ldtt` jab, bhnk ad dvut` n'dugdjkdgk dssuobrb, cbk j`clr`ctk gbnnd Cdturd, knru`n` gbn Wbop`. Y_ Od c`c gèekdo`cdsj`cgbrjk kn prbzz` kcbnuttdeknb6 c`c brd p`sskeknb s stktukrsk dn Wbop` sbczd j`cgdc-

cdrsk pbr jk stbss` kopnkjktdobctb d kgbctk- lkjdrsk j c bss`, d sv`nhbrb kn su` ru`n` dcjabd pr`prk` gkspbtt`. N'`pbrd gbn Wbop` p`tbvdbssbrb s`stktuktd s`n` gdn ndv`r` kctbnnbttudnb bodcudnb, dczk s`prdttutt` odcudnb! Zbczdgueek` n'uò` gd sboprb j`cgdccdt` dnndv`r`, od j' ucd gkllbrbczd l`cgdobctdnb6 pbr l`rckrb bcbrhkd cbjbssdrkd d rbdnkzzdrbk s`hck b nb doekzk`ck gbn gkjkdcc`vbsko` sbj`n`, kn ndv`r` sk g vut` sbj`ndrkzzdrb. ]br nd prkod v`ntd cbn j`rs gbnnd sud st`rkdn'uò` ad dssuct` qubst` gurkssko` ndv`r`pbr ldr obhnk` b pk kc lrbttd gbnnd Cdturd, sbczd pk gksp`rrb gbnnd gkobcsk cb nktur- hkjd jab, kc dntrb s`jkbt, rbcgbvd kn ndv`r` s`pp`rtdeknb. B kc qubst` ndv`r` gblkcktkvd-obctb sbj`ndrkzzdt`, ndv`r` dnn` stdt` pur`,jdnj`ndt` kc `rb b uckt gk bcbrhkb spbsb,n'uò` pbrjbpksjb cbn o`g` pk kopndjdeknbnd gurdtd tbop`rdnb, nd sud nbctbzzd b kn su` pbs`. Y_ bhnk sk bsdurksjb kc qubst` ndv`r` Y_ b p kja n'krrbvbrskeknkt b nd vdjukt gbnWbop` s`c` gkvbcutb uc g`hod pbr tutt`kn o`cg` o`gbrc`, Y_ nd tbop`rdnkt ds- suctd b spbrkobctdtd gdnn'u o` sk trdgujb, sun pkdc` lkn s`lkj`, cbnnd j`sjkbczd trdhkjdgbnnd vdckt gbnn'bskstbczd uodcd. Y_. Ndgbsdjrdnkzzdzk`cb gbn ndv`r` j`stktuksjb kc pdrtkj`ndr o`g` ucd pkdhd dpbrtd cbn j`rp`gbnnb s`jkbt o`gbrcb. Cunnd jk kopbgksjbjòucqub gk pbcsdrb jab sk p`ssd pr`gurrb,kc lutur`, ucd cu`vd sdjrdnkzzdzk`cb Y_ dj`cjbzk`cb jab sk kcduhurk ucd pk j`rrbttdj`cjbzk`cb gbn tbop`.

Cbnnd l`t`6Odtbrkd ]rkod

Ndpkgks ]akn`s`- pa`ruo, knnustrdzk`cb gk doekbctb

r`skjrujkdc` gbn Q\KKK sbj`n`.


15/38

51 5;

dcdnksk gbn tbst`` jòobct`

bn j`rs` gbk sbj`nk, ndWdeund stdtd stugkdtd usdcg` s`stdc-

zkdnobctb trb obt`gk6 4) n'dcdnkskrkh`r`sdobctb lkn`s`lkj`-sjkbctklkjd,5) n'dppr`jjk` dcdn`hkj`-bs`tbrkj`, :)ucd s`rtd gk vkd gk obzz` dnnd qudnbjbrjabr gk dttbcbrok dcjab k`.

Gdn tbst` ndtkc` c`c p`sskeknbjdpkrb kc qudctkvbrsk vdgd suggk-vksd ndWdeund, o`tkv pbr juk dnjuckstugk`sk sjbnh`c` ucd cuobrdzk`cblkttkzkd, l`cgdtd su drektrdrk skhcklk-jdtk odhkj`-skoe`nkjk, obctrb dntrk ndgkvkg`c` kc lrdsk gk sbcs` jòpkut`j`cskgbrdcg` nb prkob rkhab ucd s`rtdgk kctr`guzk`cb pbr koprbssk`cdrb knnbtt`rb b nb untkob ucd skctbtkjd rkjdpk-t`ndzk`cb. Cbnnd okd dcdnksk ok s`c`nkoktdtd d rkspbttdrb nd rkpdrtkzk`cb`pbrdtd cbnnb trdguzk`ck jab a` sjbnt`.

D) \ BURO, ZKCB OBCGDJK@, JBUWRO BW \BUKZZKORO.

D4) B' vbr` sbczd obcz`hcd, jbrt` bvbrkssko`.

D5) Nd vbrkt sbczd obcz`hcd, jbrtd dutbctkjd.

C Brobtbjk kctr`gu-jb dk su`kkcsbhcdobctkkc o`g` dut`-rktdrk`, j`c ndrks`nutbzzd gk jak j`cvkct` gk p`tbrj`cvkcjbrb jakuc-qub deekd gbk gueek.N'dnjakokstd A`rt`nd-cus, cbn su`Jòobct` dnndWdeund,jk spkbhd kcldttk jab Brobtb c`c jkjakbgb uc dtt` gk lbgb, od gk spbrk-obctdrb c`k stbssk jk jab Bhnk gkjb.Nd \brkt gk juk pdrnd tdnb pbrja gko`strdeknb j`c k ldttk6

Kn Lkn s`l` YBrobtb_ gkjb6 vbr`, jk jab n'Drtb g'Dnjakokd jk stdtd gdtd, sbczdobcz`hcd, gkjb jk pbr j`cvkcjbrb qubnnk jabgkj`c` bssbrb nd Zjkbczd obcz`hcbrd jk` ldnsd. Jbrt`, jk spbrkobctdt , pbrja tutt`jk jab spbrkobctdt` jbrtkssko`. Y_ Gk-jb vbrkssko` dn supbrndtkv`, pbrja kn Z`nb hb-cbrdt` j`c qubst'Drtb s`rpdssd tutt` kn Z`nbcdturdnb kc tuttb nb pr`prkbt, skd obgkjkcdnk

jab dntrb.

E) T R@G BZW KCLBUKRZ

BZW ZKJRW TR@G BZW ZR]BUKRZ. BW TR@G BZW

ZR]BUKRZ BZW ZKJRW TR@G BZW KCLBUKRZ, DG ]BU]BWUDCGD

OKUDJRND UBK RCKRZ. E4) Jk jab kc edss` jòb jk jab kcdnt`, b jk jab kc dnt` jòb jk jab kcedss`, pbr ldrb k okrdj`nk gbnnd j`sd ucd.

E5) Jk jab s`tt` kgbctkj` d jk jab s`prd b jk jab s`prd kgbctkj` d jk jab s`tt`9 qubst` pbrobttb gk pbcbtrdrb nbobrdvkhnkb gbnn'uckt.

Tubstd lrdsb nd jakdvb gk tutt` kntbst` b gk tuttd nd Lkn`s`lkd Dnjabokjd.]`sskdo` gblkckrnd ucd s`rtd gkobob ` gk t`robct`cb, pbr nd sud jdpdjkt gkdut`-pr`pdhdrsk jòb uc Odctrd dc-jab dttrdvbrs` jak c`c deekd odk nbtt`pbr kctbr` ndWdv`nd gk Zobrdng`. Zbj`c-g` kn Nuji, qubstd bsprbssk`cb trdgujbkc nkchudhhk`, kn skhcklkjdt` gbnn'kood-hkcb rkjkrj`ndctb gbnn'@urè`r`s, jab

jòb gkjb nd ]brbkrd bsprkob nd j`c-gkzk`cb cbjbssdrkd dnndodcklbstdzk`cbgbnnd rbdnt jab kc s Rc`6

Nd Wdv`nd dllbrod j`s nd g`ttrkcdgbnn'uckt gk `hck j`sd, n'`rkhkcb jòucb gktuttb nb l`rob gk odtbrkd, n'dckod bssbczd jòucb jab s`hhkdjb d `hck l rod, ndjrbgbczd jab hck s`stdczd kn rksuntdt` gkuc pr`jbss` gk svknupp` bg qukcgk jdpdjbgk trdsl`rodzk`cb.

Ndgkobcsk`cb j`so`n`hkjd ucktd-rkd dnnd edsb gk tuttd nd spbjundzk`cbdnjakokstkjd kp`tkzzd jab de `rkhkcbvk l`ssb ucdJ`sd Rcd, ucd Odtbrkd ]rk-od, kcl`rob, jab Rcd kc dtt` b O`ntk kc p`tbczd. Dn su` kctbrc` sk gkllb-rbczkdc` b `pbrdc` gub ]`ndrkt, gubl`rzb sbssudtb, nd juk dzk`cb skcbr-hkjd b gkcdokjd, ` sb v`hnkdo` kb-r`hdokjd, p`rtd dnnd jrbdzk`cb gbnndo`ntbpnkjkt gbnnb j`sb strd`rgkcdrkbjab s`c` cbnn'Rckvbrs` rkj`cgujb knWutt dnn'Rckt Kcgkllbrbczkdtd `rkhkcd-rkd. Zk trdttd gk uc pr`jbss` gk dcgdtdb rkt`rc`, jkrj`ndrb b nkcbdrb kcskbob,


16/38

:= :4

dttrdvbrs` kn qudnb gdnn'Rckt sk hkuchbdnnd O`ntbpnkjkt b vkjbvbrsd. Hnk dn-jakokstk jkcbsk rdpprbsbctdc` qubst`gudnkso` ucktdrk` j`c kn skoe`n` gbnWd`, obctrb kn lkn`s`l` hrbj` Brdjnkt`,nd gblkckvd jòb nd\kd gbnnd vktb 6

Nd vkd gbnnd vktb grkttd b jurvd, bg nd obgbskod b ucd9 cbn jkrj`n` prkcjkpk` b lkcb ldcc` uc 9 nd vkd kc su b nd vkd kc hk s`c` ucd b nd obgbskod.

N'A`rt`ndcus rkj`cèeb kc qubst`pdss` n'dnnbh`rkd gbn pr`jbss` gk gk-stknndzk`cb, jab dnn'`rkhkcb stbssd gbnsu` còb gk dnjakokstd. Lkc gdnn'kck-

zk` gbnJòobct` gkjb kcldttk gk jakd-odrsk A`rt`ndcus, jk` Hkdrgkckbrb djdusd gbkHkdrgkck Odrkck . Bhnk kcldttkprdtkjdvd kn Obt`g` @pbrdtkv` Rokg` b sdpbvd, pbr bspbrkbczd gkrbttd, jabgurdctb kn Odhkstbr` ucd pdrtb gbnndOdtbrkd ]rkodsdnb kc dnt`, obctrbn'dntrdrbstd kc edss` lkssd b jakdrd.

Nd pdrtb kclbrk`rb nd Wbrrd, jab nd cutrkjb b kn lbrobct`, obctrb qubnndsupbrk`rb n'Dckod, jab vkvklkjd tuttdnd ]kbtrd b nd rbsusjktd.

D nkvbnn` Okt`n`hkj`-Ubnkhk`s` ndlrdsb lkhnkd gbk Oktk J`so`n`hkjkjab adcc` jòb tbod nd Jrbdzk`cb

Zboerbr strdc`, od pbr p`tbr pr`-sbhukrb b jòprbcgbrb kn pr`jbss`

gk Gkstknndzk cb gbsjrktt` cbnndWdv`nd Zobrdngkcd, eks`hcd

prkod jdpkrb j`sd brd bl-lbttkvdobctb nd odhkd pbr

hnk dctkjak b jòb qubstdl`ssb kc rbndzk`cb j`c ndrbnkhk`cb, nd lkn`s`lkd bn'dnjakokd. Gèekdo`qukcgk jòpkbrb uc'do-

pkd gkhrbssk`cb su qubstkdrhòbctk.

Wdct` pbr jòkcjkdrbqubstd lrdsb rkprbcgb nd

ldo`sd bsprbssk`cb

Brdjnktbd Bc ]ctd , Wuttbnb j`sb s`cùc`, rkd-gdttdtd gd]n`tkc` cbngbtt` Wutt` `vucqubb tutt` uc` b uc` tutt` b trd-sl`rodtd

cbnn' Bc W ]c gbnnd

Jarys`p`bkd gkJnb`pdtrd, uc`

gbk prkok odc`sjrkttkdnjabokjk knnustrdtk, cbn qudnb sk nbhhbRc` kn Wutt`9 b gd bss` kn Wutt` b vbrs` bs- s` kn Wutt`9 b sb kn tutt` c`c j`ctkbcb kn tutt ,kn Wutt` cunnd. Rc` kn sbrpbctb, bg bssàd kn vbnbc` g`p` nb gub jòekcdzk`ck.

Brobtb jk gkjb jab kn o`g` kc jukgdnn'Rckt ]rko`rgkdnb sk pdssd dnndpnurdnkt gbhnk bctk dvvkbcb pbr obgk-tdtk`cb, jk` dttrdvbrs` n'dttkvkt gbnpbcskbr`, pbrja nbttbrdnobctb ob-gktdrb, vu`n gkrb rklnbttbrb, od dcjabprbpdrdrsk d ldrb qudnj`sd.

N'A`rt`ndcus vbgb bsprbssd kc qub-std lrdsb n'dzk`cb gbn N`h`s, jk` gbn]bcskbr` gk Gk` @cckp`tbctb, jab jrbdkn o`cg` pbcsdcg`n`. Nd ]brbkrd, cbn

su` Jòobct` , trdgujb obgktdtk`cb j`c n'bsprbssk`cbkn Ubspkr` gbnn'Rc`,pbrja n'dtt` gbn rbspkr`, j`c k su`kgub o`vkobctk dntbrcdtk, rdpprbsbctdkn o`vkobct` stbss` gk rdrbldzk`cb bj`cgbcsdzk`cb gbctr` n'dndoekjj` dn-jabokj`, od dcjab n'koodhkcb pkusdtd gdhnk dctkjak lkn`s`lk pbr rdpprb-sbctdrb n'dzk`cb gbn ]bcskbr` jab ou`-vbcg`sk cbnnd Obctb Gkvkcd, g l`roddnnb kgbb pr`gujbcg` n'bspdcsk`cb b ndj`ctrdzk`cb gbnnd Ubdnt6

Cbn rbspkr` j`sokj` nd rbdnt sk rdrblb sk j`cgbcsd, gdcg` rkhkcb d tuttb nbj`sb. N'dcdn`hkd l`cgdobctdnb lrd nd rbdnt

odjr`j`sokjd b kn pr`jbss` dnjabokj` gucqub nd p`sskeknkt gbnn'Rc` gk hbcbrd-rb kn o`ntbpnkjb dttrdvbrs` kn gkcdokso`rbh`ndt` gdn jdn`rb, jab pbr n'dnjakokstd kn lu`j` gbn su` nde`rdt`rk`.

K Cdturdnkstk lur`c` k prkok lkn`s lkhrbjk d koodhkcdrb jab kn O`cg` l s-sb rbh`ndt` gd ucd nbhhbrdhk`cbv`nb ,ucd s`rtd gk kctbnnkhbczd gbnnd Cdturd.

Wrd qubstk Dcdsskobcb gk Oknbt`(21


17/38

:5 ::

obctb rdzk`cdnb koodcbctb cbnnd odtbrkd,ucd s`rtd gk Dckod gbn O`cg` jab tkb-cb ucktb tuttb nb j`sb, nb l`rhkd kc tuttbnb l`rob b qudnkt p`sskeknk, pbrj`rrbc-g`nb kcjbssdctbobctb.

Kn lkn`s`l` ]n`tkc` (5=:/5=2-58=g.J.) odctbccb n'`pkck`cb jab bsk-stbssb uc' Dckod gbn O`cg` ]cbuodtkjd, jòb l`cgdobct` vktdnb b kcgkvkgudnbgbk j`rpk odtbrkdnk, od nd j`cskgbrjòb ucd sujjbsskvd bodcdzk`cb(tbrzd kp`stdsk) gbnn'Rc`, prbp`std dj`nnbhdrb gd ucd pdrtb kn N`h`s(n'D-ckod supbrk`rb) b gdnn'dntrd nd Odtbrkd(n'Dckod kclbrk`rb) , kc qudct`N'Dckodkc vkrt gbnnd sud uckt, trdslbrksjb dg dntrk

bssbrk n'Rckt, jab gbn rbst` nbk stbssd djj`- hnkb pbr dvbrnd rkjbvutd gd uc dntr`.K prkok dnjakokstk, dsskokndcg` b

rkbnde`rdcg` tuttb qubstb tb`rkb, dnndnujb gbnnb jrbgbczb rbnkhk`sb b gbnnbtbjckjab drtkhkdcb gbn n`r` tbop`, ko-odhkcdr`c` jab n'Rc` dvbssb jrbdt` knWutt` pbr obgktdtk`cb, jk` dttrdvbrs`kn su Jdng` Ubspkr` Obctdnb,b jab dsud v`ntd kn Wutt` gbrkvdssb gdnn'Rc`pbrdgdptdzk`cb , jk` sk j`cl`rodssbdnnd Cdturd rdzk`cdnb b pcbuodtkjdgdnnd qudnb gbrkvdvd. ]br j`csbhubc-zd, kn Jrbdt`rb b nb Jrbdturb brdc`j`nnbhdtk, skd cbnnd l`rod jab cbnnd s`-stdczd, jòb rkvbnd nd rdgkjb gbnn'dh-hbttkv`dptus , jab vu`n gkrbj`ccbss .

Tubst` j`nnbhdobct` trd n'Dnt` b knEdss` pbr hnk Dctkjak brd rbh`ndt` gd Nbhhk gk Jdusd-Bllbtt`, jab n'dnjakokstdvbgbvd jòb L`rzb \kvb b Gkvkcb kchrdg` gk spkbhdrb k lbcòbck pskjakjkb lkskjk. Cbk gksj`rsk gk Brobtb dWdt ,sk nbhhb jab qubstb Kclnubczb brdc`bodcdtb gdk :< Gbjdck b gdnn' Kclnuss`gbk Zbttb(k 2 pkdcbtk pk kn Z`nb b ndNucd) bg brdc` vbkj`ndtb gd l`rzbobgkdtrkjk jakdodtb Gbo`ck. J`c kntbrokcb hrbj` Gbo`cb (Gdko`c) skkctbcgbvdc` hnk Dstrk b tuttb qubnnb]`tbczb Jbnbstk kctbrobgkdrkb trd hnkGbk b hnk bssbrk uodck, jab gkstrkeuk-vdc` s`rtb ldv`rbv`nb sldv`rbv`nb,sbj`cg` nd v`n`ct gkvkcd6

Y..._ j`s, lkhnk` ok`, nd l`rzd jab `pbrd kctuttk hnk djjdgkobctk gk p`rtdtd uckvbrsdnb,vkbcb gdk Gbjdck6 dg bsbopk` (dsj`ntd ebcbnb okb pdr`nb) jdoekdobctk gk s`vrdck, s`nnbvdobctk gk jktt, jdrbstkb, pbstb, rklnusskgbn odrb, tbrrbo`tk, cunnd gk tutt` qubst`, lkhnk` ok`, ad nu`h` sbczd n'kclnubczd gbk Gbjdck. Ldk dcjab dttbczk`cb d qubst 6 p`k-

ja k Gbjdck s`c` prbp`stk gdnn'dnt` dk j`r- pk, b gdt` jab c`k skdo` s`tt n'kclnuss` gbkZbttb, c`td jòb sk bstbcgb skc` d c`k ucdjbrtd kclnubczd gbk Gbjdck, skd kc qudct` lkhnk gbk Gbjdck, jab pbr kctbrobgkdzk cbgk dnjuck bssbrk. Y_ Beebcb, kn v`nh`, nkjakdod gbo`ck6 p`kja k gbo`ck c`c j`- stktuksj`c` ucd jndssb gk bssbrk pdrtkj`ndrb, Y_ c`c s`c o`ssk gd uc'dckod jòb ndc`strd, od s`c` sbopnkjbobctb gbnnb l`rzbbodcdctb gd qubstk trbctdsbk gbk.

Tubstk Gbo`ck s`c` prèdeknobctbhnk stbssk gk juk pdrnd V`sko`, qudcg`

kcvktd sud s`rbnnd Wb sbekd d`pbrdrbdnjabokjdobctb sbj`cg` nb g`ttrkcb Odhkj`-Zpkrktudnk gk Brobtb b c`c qubnnb Odhkj`-Dstr`n hkjab gk Vdrdtustrd.

Zbj`cg` n'`pkck`cb pbrs`cdnb gkV`sko`, kcldttk, kn prko` dvbvd sjbn-t` nd\kd gbnn'dut`-j`c`sjbczd, obctrbkn sbj`cg` kcsbhcdvd nd Odhkd, jk`

n'Dstr`n`hkd sbczd lkcdnkt spkrktudnk.Tubstd sbj`cgd strdgd brd prdtkjd-td gd jak v`nbvd `ttbcbrb nbWkcturb sbj`cg` kn oòbct` `pp`rtuc`, jk`sbj`cg` n'`jjdsk`cb pr`pkzkdskd pbrnb gksp`skzk`ck gbhnk dstrk, skd pbr kn ldv`rbdjj`rgdt` gdn gbo`cb pbrs`cdnb. Y..._ Kctdn o`g` kn sujjbss` cbnn'`pus kopnkjdvdkn rkj`rs` d prdtkjab odhkjab tbcgbctk d pr`pkzkdrsk k gbo`ck b dcjab nd jrbgbczdcbnn'kclnuss` gbhnk dstrk sunnb dzk`ck uodcbb sunnd trdsl`rodzk`cb gbk obtdnnk.

Rc tdnb dttbhhkdobct` pbr V`sko`brd sedhnkdtpbrja n'dnjakokstd vkbcb d

sue`rgkcdrb nd pr`prkb dzk ck dnnb l`rzb gbnnd Ldtdnkt jab h`vbrcd kn o`cg` j`rp`rb , gdjuk g`vrbeeb kcvbjb bodcjkpdrsk pbr `ttbcb-rb dttrdvbrs` nd prdtkjd gbnn'Drtb Zdjrd jòbgksjkpnkcd spkrktudnb, kn rksdrjkobct` gbnnd pr`prkd cdturd gkvkcd `rkhkcdrkd.

V`sko` bnde`r qukcgk ucd sudskctbsk rkhkcdnb gk o`tkvk pr`prkgbnn'Brobtkso` b gbnn` Hc`stkjkso`,jab vbgbvdcbnn'drtb sdjrd uc'`jjdsk`cb gkdsjbsk pbr j`csbctkrb dnn'bssbrb uodc`gk s`ttrdrsk dk jdprkjjk gbk gbo`ck b dk vkc-j`nk gbn gbstkc` b gbnnd odtbrkdnkt nkebrdc-g`n` b rkj`cgujbcg`n` dnnd gkobcsk`cb pcbuodtkjd kc juk sk tr`vdvd prkod gk prbjkpktdrb cbnnd j`rp`rbkt. Jak c`c sbhukvd

qubstd vkd vkvbvdd rko`rjak` gbnnd Ldtdnkt b c`c dvbvdcbssucd kctukzk`cbgbhnk Kcj`rp`rbk, nb rbdnt spkrktudnk gkvkcbgk juk pdrndvd n'Brobtkso` b c`c dttkchbrodk dnnd l`ctb gbn Cùs.

Eks`hcd prbjksdrb jab V`sko` c`cjrktkjdvd nd Odhkd pbrja nd rktbcbvdpurd supbrstkzk`cb, od dczk, pr`prk`pbrja jrbgbvd cbn su` p`tbrb tbobvdjab p`tbssb bssbrb usdtd cbn o`g`sedhnkdt`. Kn prènbod pbr V`sko`brd j`sd sk kctbcgbssb sdjrklkjdrb6 ndpr`prkd pr`spbttkvd nkoktdtd dk eks`hckgbn j`rp` pbr dsjbcgbrb dhnk Gk `jbrjdrb n'dkut` gbnnb l`rzb kctbrobgkbpbr sbhukrb k gbskgbrk odtbrkdnk0 NdOdhkd dk su`k `jjak brd kopurd s`n`sb prkvd gk dllndt` okstkj`, qudcg`jk` utknkzzdtd pbr sbhukrb nb knnusk`ckgbn o`cg` b c`c pbr prbgksp`rrb knrkt`rc` gbnn'Dckod dnnb sbgk jbnbstk,g`p` nd o`rtb. Nd Odhkd cbn o`c-g` dctkj` brd pdrtb kctbhrdctb gbnnd Ubnkhk cb gk Ztdt`. Brd j`cskgbrdtd ucdvbrd d pr`prkdZjkbczd Gkvkcd rksbrvdtddk Z`vrdck b dk Zdjbrg`tk jab nd utknkz-zdvdc` pbr jòuckjdrb j`c hnk Gk d ebcblkjk` gbnnd jòuckt. Nb pbcb pbrjak nd gkvunhdvd dk c`c kckzkdtk brdc`sbvbrb, od qudcg` nd p`tbczd gbkp`p`nk obs`p`tdokjk bg bhkzk gbjdg-gb, n' Drs Ubhkd kckzk d rkvbrsdrsk dn gklu`rk gbn j`ctbst` rbnkhk`s` b stdtdnbcbn qudnb brd cdtd.

Cbnnd l`t`6 Kn Zbrpbctb Obrju-rkdnb, tdv`nd trdttdgdn Jndvks Drtks,odc`sjrktt` dnjab-okj` gbn Q\KK sbj.


18/38

:7 :2

Lu`rk gdnnd Obs`p`tdokd qub-stdZjkbczd gbn Zdjr` prbsb kn còb gkOdhkd b sujjbsskvdobctb gk Dstr`-n`hkd, kc qudct` bhkzk b obs`p`td-okjk jrbgbvdc` jab n'Rckvbrs` l`ssbsjdturkt` gd ucd Rckt prko`rgkdnbgdnnd qudnb tutt` cdsjb b dnnd qudnbtutt` t`rcd. ]brtdct` tuttb nb j`sbp`stb trd Jkbn` b Wbrrd brdc` ucktbnb ucb dnnb dntrb sbj`cg` ucd Nbh- hb gk Zkopdtkd, rbh`ndtd gd prkcjkpkdttrdttkvk gk jdusd-bllbtt` pbrjbpktkjòb L`rzb \kvbctk b Gkvkcb , kc hrdg`gk spkbhdrb qudnskdsk lbcòbc` lkskj`b spkrktudnb. Ckbctb djjdgb pbr jds`.Nd Ubnkhk cb Obs`p`tdokjd Edekn cbsb sk

l`cgdvd sun prkcjkpk` jab kn Jkbn` b ndWbrrd jòuckjdssbr` trd s dttrdvbrs`kn o`vkobct` gbnnb Ztbnnb b gbk ]kdcb-tk k qudnk trdsobttbvdc` sbhcdnk ebcprbjksk b jòprbcskeknk s`ndobctb gdj`n`r` jab sdpbvdc` ebc kctbrprbtdrnk6

Jkbn` b tbrrd, doebgub odcgdc` sbhckuckv`jk, hcuc` pbr pr`prk` j`ct`, odc`c kcgkpbcgbctbobctb, (ja) jkbn` b tbrrd s`c` kctbrj`ccbssk, uc sbhc` jdttkv` kc jkb-

n` dcjab jdttkv` kc tbrrd, uc sbhc` jdttkv`kc tbrrd dcjab jdttkv` kc jkbn`!

Uktr`vkdo` n` stbss` j`cjbtt`cbnn'Dsjnbpk`, uc tbst` brobtkj` dttrk- eukt` d Brobtb Wrksobhkst`, cbn qudnbkn ]dgrb gbnn'Dnjakokd, pdrndcg` dgDsjnbpk`, hnk rkvbnd jab

Y..._ n'Bhktt` n'koodhkcb gbn Jkbn` `, pbr pdrndrb pk bsdttdobctb, kn nu h` g`vb sk trdslbrksj`c` b sk pr`kbttdc` tuttb nb`pbrdzk`ck gbnnb l`rzb jab h`vbrcdc` b dhksj`c` cbn Jkbn`0 B sb gèekdo` pdrndrb kco`g` pk vbrktkbr`, nd c`strd Wbrrd sk pugblkckrb jòb kn Wbopk` gbn o`cg` kctbr`.

Dnjakokd b Dstr`n`hkd brdc`gucqub j`nnbhdtb. ]br n`jdnkzzdrbucd okckbrd j`s jòb pbr jòpkbrb`pbrdzk`ck jakokjab brd cbjbssdrk`dllkdcjdrb dnnd tbjckjd drtkhkdcd ucrktudnb rbnkhk`s`, dllkcja qubstb dzk`-ck c`c vbckssbr` vkstb gdhnk Gk jòbsdjrknbhab.

Kn p`btd dstr`còkj` Odcknk` (Kd.J. - K g.J.) jk rkvbnd, pbr bsbopk`,

jab s`tt` n'kclnubczd gbn Jdprkj`rc`c`c s`n` p`sskeknb ndgkspn`sks , jk`kn rdgg`ppkdobct` gk ucd qudctkt gkobtdnn` prbzk`s`, od dcjab nd rkjbrjdgk obtdnnk cdsj`stk b rkjjabzzb sb-p`ntb, qukcgk gk okckbrb. ]br qudct`rkhudrgd kcvbjb nd j`struzk`cb gk ucl`rc` pbr obtdnnk bskstb uc lrdoobct`pr`vbckbctb gdnnd Ekenk`tbjd gk Ds-suredckpdn, jab sbj`cg` n` Ztugk`sÙèbrt Bksnbr, dcgrbeeb j`cskgbrdt`jòb nd prkod l`ctb st`rkjd dttbstdctbn'bskstbczd gk ucd dnjakokd obs`p`-tdokjd, j`nnbhdtd d rktudnkt rbnkhk`sb ebc prbjksb6

Tudcg` prbgksp`rrdk kn pkdc` gk uc l`rc` pbr okcbrdnk (iu-eu), tu jbrjabrdk uc hk`rc` pr`pkzk kc uc obsb pr`pkzk , b dnn`-rd prbgksp`rrdk kn pkdc` gbn l`rc`. Obctrbbssk j`struksj`c` kn l`rc` tu Ynk_ s`rvbhnkbrdk bndv`rbrdk tu stbss` (0) Ycbnnd jdsd gbn l`rc`_6tu p`rtbrdk hnk boerk`ck Ycdtk dczktbop`_,uc dntr` (0), uc` strdckbr` c`c gbvb bc-trdrb, c dnjuc` kopur` gbvb jdookcdrbgdvdctk dg bssk6 tu gbvk `llrkrb nb nkedhk`ckg`vutb gdvdctk dg bssk6 kn hk`rc` kc juk tugbp`sktbrdk kn okcbrdnb cbnnd l`rcdjb ldrdkuc sdjrklkjk` gdvdctk dnn'boerk`cb9 p`sbrdkuc kcjbcskbrb j`c kcjbcs` gk pkc`9 vbrsbrdkekrrd iuruccd gdvdctk dg bssk. Djjbcgb-rdk uc lu`j` s`tt` nd l`rcdjb b gbp`rrdk knokcbrdnb cbnnd l`rcdjb. Hnk uòkck jab

j`cgurrdk pbrja sk prbcgdc` jurd gbnnd l`r-cdjb gbv`c` purklkjdrsk b Yg`p`_ gksp`rrdk pbrja deekdc jurd gbn l`rc . Kn nbhc` jaberujbrdk s`tt` nd l`rcdjb sdr gbnn` st`rdjb(sdredtu) spbss`, hr`ssk jbppk sj`rtbjjkdtk,jab c`c s`c` stdtk Ybsp`stk_ kc ldsjk, odj`csbrvdtk s`tt` rkvbstkobctk gk pbnnb, tdhnkdtkcbn obsb gk De. Tubst` nbhc` sdr obss`cbnnd tud l`rcdjb.

Gk qubstk drhòbctk sb cb `jjupb-r kc o`g` pk bspnkjkt`, p`jak dcckg`p` nd pueenkjdzk`cb gbnndWdeund,uc dntr` tbst` drde`, knHydt-dn-adio (kn Lkcb gbn Zdhhk`) gkvbcut` ldo`s`kc Bur`pd j`c kn còb gk ]kjdtrkx .D jdusd gbn su` j`ctbcut` vbccbrdpkgdobctb obss` dnn'kcgkjb gdnndJakbsd, od qubst` c`c hnk kopbg gkbssbrb prbsbctb cbnnb ekenk`tbjab gbhnkstugk`sk, gbk odhak b gbhnk dnjakokstkpk kop`rtdctkb ldo`sk gbn Obgk`bv`b gbn Ukcdsjkobct`. Kc bss` sk pdrndgbnnd Jktt gk Brobtb Dg`jbctyc, skkcsbhcdc` ndZjkbczd gbnnb J`rrksp`c-gbczb , n' Drtb gk jrbdrb Wdnksodck b qubnndgkbv`jdrb b utknkzzdrb hnk Zpkrktk ]ndcbtdrk ,jbrjdcg` gk rbjupbrdrb n'dctkjd j`c-jbzk`cb sdjrd gbn odh`,jab dcjabZdjbrg`tb b Wburh`6

Kn odh` c`c odk uc jkdrndtdc`, uckoe`ckt`rb, uc ldnsklkjdt`rb9 bhnk jakd-

Cbnnd l`t`6 Nd sbokcd gbnn'`r`,okckdturd trdttdgdnn'Dur`rd J`c- surhbcs, odc`- sjrktt` dnjabokj`gbn Q\ sbj`n` dttrk-eukt` d Wòods`g'Dqukc`.

Cbnnd l`t`6 Kn nde`rdt`rk`

gbnn'Dnjakokstd, xkn`hrdlkd trdttd

gdnnd J`cs`ndzk`-cb gbnnd Lkn`s`lkd

gk Zbvbrkc` E`bzk`.


19/38

:< :8

odt` dnnd j`c`sjbczd b dllkdcjd nd cdturddkutdcg`nd d svbndrsk. Bhnk uc Wburh`,jab c`c sk s`stktuksjb d Gk`, pbrja c`cjrbd ckbctb gdn cunnd, od p`sskbgb n'drtb pbr trdsl`rodrb b odckp`ndrb nd Odtbrkd,qukcgk6 Y..._ bhnk c`c `pbrd okrdj`nk odnbhhb nb pr`l`cgb l`rzb gbn j rbdt`, ldjbcg`skkctbrobgkdrk` lrd jkbn` b tbrrd, sdjbrg`tbbstrbo` gbnnd cdturd b gbnnd hn`rkd gk Gk`. Odh` j`nuk Y..._ kn juk p`tbrb b ldj`nt pr`vkbcb gdnnd j`c`sjbczd pr`l`cgd gbnndcdturd b gbn tutt`, gbnnd paysks, gdn j`c`- sjbrb qudnk s`c nb j`ccbssk`ck jab nbhdcnb kgbb dn o`cg`. Ztdtub b tdnksodck s`c`koodhkck kctbrobgkdrkb trd k gub o`cgk bkn odh`, sunnd edsb gbnnd j`c`sjbczd gbnnd

cdturd, gkvkbcb jdpdjb gk nbhhbrb hnk kclnus- sk b o`gklkjdrcb nb tbcgbczb, sb cbldstb, kcbcbrhkb p`sktkvb.

Dcjab hnk Zt`kjk b ]n`tkc` rkj`-c`sjbvdc` n'bskstbczd gk qubstk kc-lnussk dstrdnk b gkvkck, gdcg`cb ucdspkbhdzk`cb lkn`s`lkjd, jab p`rt kncb`pndt`ckj` Hkdoenkj` d c`c rktb-cbrb sedhnkdt` rkj`rrbrb dnnd Odhkd.Hkdoenkj` (572 - :52)brd jbrt` kcldttk jabBrobtb Wrksob- hkst`l`ssb kn Odbstr`pbr bjjbnnbc-zd gbnn'DrtbWburhkjd b jabcbnn'Brobtkso`j`clnukssbr`Dnjakokd, Od-hkd b Dstr`n`-hkd. Kspkrdt`gdhnk@rdj`nkJdngdkjk , lbjbgbnnd Wburhkdn'drhòbct`jbctrdnb gbnsu` Gb Oystb-rkks , tbctdcg` gkl`cgbrb nd lkn`s`lkdcb`pndt`ckjd j`c nd odhkd bhkzkd-cd, d jdrdttbrb okstkj` rbnkhk`s , pbrrbdnkzzdrb j`s n'kgbdnb pndt`ckj` gbnnddsskokndzk`cb d Gk`, dttrdvbrs` n'uck`-

cb s`vrd-rdzk`cdnb. Hnk Zt`kjk jakdod-r`c` qubst` pr`l`cg` nbhdob bskstbctbtrd kn Gkvkc` b nd sud Odcklbstdzk cb j`c kn còb gkZkopdtkd, j`cskgbrdcg`-n` jòb uc sbctkrb jòucb, uc sbctkrbkcskbob, jab j`chkuchbvd su hckpkdc` gbn vkskeknb b gbnn'kcvkskeknb,knWutt` j`c nb sub ]drtk . ]n`tkc` n` rkprbsbspkbhdcg` jab brdc` nb Bodcdzk`ck dobttbrb kc j`ctdtt` n'Dnt` b kn Edss`,

vbkj`ndcg` cbnnd odtb-rkd nb qudnkt jjuntbgkvkcb (jk` kcvkskeknkdhnk jjak, gkvbrsb gdqubnnb lkskjab pr`prkbgbhnk bnbobctk stbssk)gksjbcgbctk cbn Ub-hc` Wbrrbstrb dttrd-vbrs` nd strutturd gbnUbhc` Jbnbstb, jk`hnk Dstrk b k ]kdcbtk.

G) ]DWBU BKRZ BZW Z@N, ODWBU BKRZ BZW NRCD, ]@UWD-\KW KNNRG \ BC-WRZ KC \BCWUB ZR@, CRWUKQ BKRZ WBUUD BZW.

G4) Kn Z`nb su` pdgrb, nd Nucd sud od-grb, kn \bct` n'ad p`rtdtd cbn su` vbctrb, ndWbrrd nd sud cutrkjb.

G5) Zu` pdgrb kn Z`nb, sud odgrb nd

Nucd. Kn \bct`n` p`rt cbn su` hrboe . Nd Wbrrd nd sud cutrkjb.

Bjj`jk drrkvdtkdnnd j`cjrbtkz-zdzk`cb prdtkjdgk qudct` gbtt`lkc` dg `rd,dttrdvbrs` n'b-sp`skzk`cb gbnndWb`rkd Dnjabokjdgbnnd Wrdsoutdzk`-cb gbhnk Bnbobctkjab sk odcklbstd

dttrdvbrs` n'Rckt gbk J`ctrdrk , jk`dttrdvbrs` gub o`vkobctk `pp`stk bjòpnbobctdrk gk j`cgbcsdzk`cb brdrbldzk`cb6

\bcbcg` dk pdrtkj`ndrk, kn su` pbcskbr` Ygk Brdjnkt`_ brd qubst`. Bnbobct` prko` kn lu`j`, b tuttb nb j`sb sk adcc` kc jdoek`gbn lu`j` b sk pr`guj`c` pbr rdrbldzk`cbb j`cgbcsdzk`cb. Kc l`rod jakdrdtuttdvkd c`c sk gkll`cgb d spkbhdrbcunnd. Nb j`sb cbn n`r` gkvbckrb sb- hu`c` nd nbhhb gbk j`ctrdrk b tutt`jk jab bskstb sj`rrb dn o`g` gk uc lkuob. N'uckvbrs` lkckt` bg bskstbuc uckj` j`so`6 bss` hbcbrdt`gdn lu`j` b gk cu`v` sk rks`nvb cbn lu`j` j`c rkt`rck jkjnkjk lkssk b pbrtuttd n'btbrckt, b tutt` h`vbrcdt`gdn ldt`. Lrd k j`ctrdrk, qubnn` jabj`cgujb dnnd hbcbrdzk`cb n` jakd-od hubrrd b j`ctbsd, qubnn` jab p`rtd dnnd j`clndhrdzk`cb djj`rg`b pdjb, b kn outdobct` nd vkd kc su b nd kc hk6 sbhubcg` qubstdjab kn o`cg` gkvkbcb.

Kn lkn`s`l` Bopbg`jnb(7;=/12 - 752/:= d.J.) rkprbc-gbcg` gd Brdjnkt` n'kp`tbsk jabkn prkcjkpk` gk tuttb nb j`sb l`ssbkn Gkvbckrb b djjbttdcg` n'kgbd gk]drobckgb (242 - 72= d.J.) jabnd o`ntbpnkjkt gk tutt` qubst`

gkvbckrb l`ssb dppdrbctb, dllbro jabckbctb sk jrbd gdn ckbctb bg bskstb ucd@rkhkcb Rckjd gk tuttd qubstd outb-v`nbzzd, jab c`c pu jab bssbrb jabRcd, kchbcbrdtd b koo`rtdnb . Tudcg`rbhcd nd l`rzd j`bskvd gbnn'Do rb, bssd uc Wutt` ò`hbcb`, slbrkj` b dro`ck`- s`, pbrja prbvdnb n' Dhhrbhdzk`cb , dnj`ctrdrk` qudcg` vkcjb nd Gksj`rgkd,dnn`rd kn Wutt` sk gkshrbhd nbctdobctbb nd sbpdrdzk`cb gbk su`k jòp`cbctkprkok p`rtd dnnd l`rodzk`cb gbn O`cg`gbnnd O`ntbpnkjkt.

Zboprb sbj`cg` Bopbg`jnb kprkcjkpk j`stktutkvk gbnnd ]rkod Odtbrkd brdc` nb qudttr` s`stdczb bcucjkdtb

gdk Cdturdnkstk (Drkd, Djqud, Wbrrd bLu`j`), jab nuk gblkc Udgkjk gk tuttb nbj`sb b jab ]ndt`cb, kc sbhukt`, jakdo Bnbobctk . N'kgbd jab cbnndTudgrupnk-jkt l`ssb rdpprbsbctdtd nd odcklbstdzk`cbgbnn'Rckt cbnnd O`ntbpnkjkt brd stdtdl`roundtd dcjab gdk ]ktdh`rkjk, dttrd-vbrs` nd spkbhdzk`cb gbnnd n`r` sdjrdWbtrditks . Wdnb dssbrzk`cb lu kchnèdtd

Cbnnd l`t`6 Kn Ubeks, knnustrd-

zk`cb trdttd gdnU`sdrkuo ]akn`-

s`pa`ruo.

Cbnnd l`t`6Rcd pdhkcd gbn]kjdtrkx

Z`tt`6 Kn jòpnbtdobct`gbnn'@pbrd jòb Ubsurrbzk`cb9knnustrdzk`cb trdttdgdn U`sdrkuo ]ak-n`s`pa`ruo,


20/38

:1 :;

qudnk gbrkvdc` tuttb nb dntrb j`sb6

Zb prbcgbtb lu`j` b djqud b, pbrdcg`jòb deekdo` bsp`st` cbn nker` prbsbctb,rkusjktb d obsj`ndrnk b d j òekcdrnk, cbssuc` gbk gub sdr kc hrdg` gk gdccbhhkdrbn'dntr` b nd n`r` uck`cb sdr g`ppkdobctberknndctb rkspbtt` dnn` stdt` prkoktkv`. Y_

Dnn'kckzk` hnk bnbobctk prkoktkvk lur c` lu`j` b djqud. Djj`ppkdcg` b jòekcdc-g` lu`j` b djqud sk l`rodr`c` cuobr`skj`rpk, dnebrk b pkbtrb.

D qubst` pr`p`skt` bskstb ucdldo`sd knnustrdzk`cb gbnnd ]akn`s`pakdrbl`rodtd (gbn 4


21/38

7= 74

dvvbch`c` o`ntk kcjdctbskokb odhkb. Nd vbrd odhkd n'D-o`rb (]aknkd) b n'@gk` (Cbki`s)cbnn'Rckvbrs`. Cbnnb prdtkjabodhkjab hnk uòkck v`nh`c`tutt` qubst` dk n`r` sj`pk.

Gbjrkptdcg` qubst`J`-gkjb @jjunt` gk J`cj`rgdczb ,jab rdjjakugb b j`cgbcsdkc s tuttb nbJ`c`sjbczbgbhnk Dctkjakb rksj`prbcg` kskhcklkjdtk jab nd Wrdgkzk`-cb Dstr`n`hkjd dttrkeuksjbdhnk Bnbobctk b dnnb n`r`Tudnkt, sk pu tbctdrb gk

jòprbcgbrb qudnb l`ssb,sbj`cg` hnk Dnjakokstk, ndn`r` Dzk`cb Jakokjddnn'kc-tbrc` gbnn'@pbrd6

knJdng` rdpprbsbctd kn prkcjkpk` gkcdokj` j`c l`rzdbspdcskvd (djjrbsjkobct`) b trdsl`rodtkvd (l`j`ndk` gbcbrhkd)9

knLrbgg` kn prkcjkpk`stdtkj` j`c p`tbrb gk dss`r- ekobct`, j`cjbctrdzk`cb,j`csbrvdzk`cb b stdeknkt. uc Dhbctb gk Lkssdzk`cb bJ`cgbcsdzk`cb 9

n'Rokg` knprkcjkpk` gk pndstkjkt, vbkj`n` gbn Jdng`,j`c p`tbrb gk djjrbsjkobct`kcj`rp`rdcg` pbr dss`rekobc-t`. dhbctb gk gkss`nuzk`cb bobsj`ndczd9

knZbjj` knprkcjkpk` gkrktrdzk`cb, j`c kn p`tbrb gk ks`ndrb, rkgurrb bj`cgbcsdrb, j`cgujbcg` dnnd Z`nkgklkjdzk`-cb, lkc` dnnd ]`nvbrkzzdzk`cb.

]br qudct` rkhudrgd hnk Bnbobctk6

knLu`j` uc dhbctb gk pbcbtrdzk`cbb gk trdsl`rodzk`cb gbhnk dntrk bnbobctk.Nb sub Tudnkt gòkcdctk s`c` knJdng` b kn Zbjj`. Zk p`ss`c` gbsjrkvb-rb trb gkvbrsb tbopbrdturb dttrdvbrs`

n'dcdn`hkd trd kn gkvbrs` hrdg` gk jdn`-rb gbn Z`nb gurdctb n'dcc` b k gkvbrskrbhkok gk lu`j` cbjbssdrk dnn'@pbrd6

kng`njb jdn`rb prkodvbrknb gbn obsbgk Odrz` (gòkcdt` gdn sbhc` gbnn'D-rkbtb) jab ld gksjakugbrb nd Wbrrd9

kn l`rtb jdn`rb bstkv` (sbhc` gbn Nb`-cb) jab cbn obsb gk Nuhnk` ld bvdp`rd-rb tuttd n'Djqud gdnnd Wbrrd9

kntkbpkg` jdn`rb dutuccdnb gbn Zdhkt-tdrk`, jab kcskbob dnn'Djqud dkutd nd

Wbrrd d lbrobctdrb.N'Djqud ucd l`rzd gk rkndssdobct`

b gkss`nuzk`cb jab hbcbrd n` stdt` gk o`nnb lnukgkt. Nb sub Tudnkt gòkcdctks`c` kn Lrbgg` b n'Rokg`. K trb tkpk gkDjqud s`c`6

qubnndjdngd gbnnd Ztdhk`cb Bstkvd(sbhc` gbn Jdcjr`), kc dcdn`hkd j`c kn nk-qukg` s`nvbctb jab sjk`hnkb kn jòp`st`9

qubnndtkbpkgd gbnnd Ztdhk`cb Du-tuccdnb (sbhc` gbnn` Zj`rpk`cb) jab

rkj`rgd nd odjbrdzk`cb j`rr`skvd b ndputrbldzk`cb gbnnd s`stdczd9

qubnnd lrbggd b j`chbndtd gbn sb-hc` gbk ]bsjk.

N'Drkd ucd l`rzd jbctrkluhd nd juk p`tbczd gk jòprbssk cb, qudcg` sk gkl- l`cgb, j`cgujb kn j`rp` dnn` stdt gk lnukg`bndstkj`, jab jjupd kn odhhk`r spdzk` p`s- skeknb. Nb sub Tudnkt gòkcdctk s`c`n'Rokg` b kn Jdng`. Dcjab n'Drkd, gdkctbcgbrsk jòb \dp`rb Djqub`, pu

Cbnnd l`t`6Fdc Erubhabn kn

\bjjak`, N'Dee`c-gdczd b k qudttr`

Bnbobctk.


22/38

75 7:

bssbrb knnustrdtd skoe`nkjdobctbj`c trb Ztdhk`ck6

nbcbeekb uokgb du-tuccdnk (sbhc` gbnndEkndcjkd)9

n'drkd rdrbldttd kcvbrcdnb (sbhc`gbnn'Djqudrk`)

n'drkd tkbpkgd prkodvbrknb(sbhc` gbkHbobnnk)jdrkjd gkbssbczb bpr`luok.

NdWbrrd

vdnutdtdpbr nd sudp`tbczd gkj`bsk`cb jab,cbnnd sud l`rzdjbctrkpbtd, j`- struksjb nd s`nkgktgbn j`rp` j`cjbc-trdt`, rkg`tt` dn su` spdzk` bssbczkdnb. Nbsub Tudnkt gòkcdctks`c` kn Zbjj` b kn Lrbgg`.Jk s`c` : tkpk gk Wbrrd6

nd Wbrrd bstrbodobctbjò- pdttd b dsjkuttd gbnnd Ztdhk`cb Kcvbr-cdnb (sbhc` gbn Jdprkj`rc`), jab cbnobsb gk Hbccdk` cdsj`cgb b pr`tbhhbk sbok jab nb lbrobctdc` gbctr`6

nd Wbrrd prkodvbrknb (sbhc` gbn W`-r`), jab cbn obsb gk Odhhk` erunkjd gkvktd gbskgbr`sd gk rkpr`gursk9

nd Wbrrdbstkvd (sbhc` gbnnd \brhk-cb), jab dg Dh`st` rodk gkvbcutdstbrknb, b sk prbpdrd dg djj`hnkbrbcu`vk sbok b cu`vd djqud.

]drtbcg` gd qubstd odssd sò-odrkd gk kcl`rodzk`ck b dppr`l`c-gbcg`nd dttrdvbrs` k trdttdtk pkstrbttdobctb jakokjk gbhnk Dnjakok-stk, jbrtk pdssk p`ss`c` kckzkdrb dgdppdrkrb o`nt` obc` `sjurk, jòbqubst` pdssdhhk` gbn Nker` gbnnb LkhurbHbr`hnklkjab , gbnn'Dnjakokstd Ckj`nds

Lndobn (4::= - 4741), cbn qudnb vbc-h`c` knnustrdtk k gkvbrsk trdttdobctk gksbpdrdzk`cb, utknkzzdcg` koodhkckgbn o`cg` gbnnd Cdturd, pbr ldrb rklb-rkobct` tdct` dn jdn`rb gbk rdhhk gbnZ`nb, jab dn Lu`j` jab gbvb skoundrbkn rbhkob stbss` gbn jdn`rb s`ndrb, cbkgkvbrsk pbrk`gk gbnn'dcc`6

Gucqub kn jdn`rb gbn tu` lu`j` kc qubst`vds` sdr, jòb gkj`c` Abrobs b U`skc`, sbj`cg` n'Kcvbrc`, ` pkutt`st`, jòb gkjb Gkòbgb, sbj`cg kn jdn`rb gbnn'Rjjbnn` jabjòkcjkd d v`ndrb j`s g`njbobctb gdn sbhc`gbnn'Drkbtb d qubnn` gbn Jdcjr`. Gbvk kcldttk sdpbrb jab kn edoekc` dnn'kckzk` pkbc` gk lnbhod lrbgg` b ndttb, jab kn jdn`rb tr`pp`vbbobctb cbokj` gbnnd lrbggbzzd b gbnn'u-

okgkt gbn c`str` Boerk`cb9 b jab k gub cb-okjk, jk` k c`strk bnbobctk gbn lrbgg` b gbnjdng` c`c sk deerdjjbrdcc` odk jòpnbtd-obctb sb c`c d p`j` d p`j`, g`p` dvbr pbr

prkod j sd ldtt nuchd gko`rd kcskbob,kc obzz` dn jdn`rb tbopbrdt` gbn n`r`

edhc`, bg bssbcg` jdoekdtk dttrdvbr- s` nuchd j`tturd kc V`nl` kcjòeu- stkeknb. Ubhhk gucqub g`njbobctb

j`c bhudhnkdczd b pr`p`rzk`cb, nbtub cdturb dntbzz`sb, pbr pdurdjab sb ldv`rksjk pk nb ucb jabnb dntrb, n`r` jab s`c` cdturdn-obctb cbokjab sk kcgkspbttk- sjdc` j`ctr` gk tb pbr hbn`skdb j`nnbrd sbjjd ldjbcg`tk s`spk-

rdrb d nuch`. @ntrb d jk nb gbvkkctrdttbcbrb pbrpbtudobctb dqubst` jdn`rb tbopbrdt`, jk`c`ttb b hk`rc`, lkcja n'Kcvbr-

c` jk` kn tbop` gbnn'uokgktgbnnb odtbrkb, sdr pdssdt`9 pbrja

ldcc` nd pdjb, b sk gdcc` nd odcrksjdngdcg`sk kcskbob9 b sb sk tr`vds-

sbr` s`n obzz' rd sbczd lu`j`, qubstbcdturb sdrbeebr` pbr sboprb krrbj`cjk-

nkdeknk. Bjj` pbrja cbn Nker` gbk sbttdctd prbjbttk gbtt 6Ld jab knn`r` lu`j` gurkkcldtkjdekn-obctb sbczd sobttbrb b jabcbssuc` gbkn`r` hk`rck skdgkobctkjdt`. B Udsks, nd prbj`jkt gkodturdzk`cbjab p`rtd j`c s tr`pp lu`j` sboprb sbhuk-td gd gkdv`n`b gdnn'brr`rb.Tudcg` n'Rj-jbnn` g`rdt`,gkjb Gkòbgb, sdr drrkvdt` lkc` dn Jdcjr`,b gk n j`rrbr

vbrs` nb Ekndcjb, dnn`rd g`vrdk duobctdrbuc p`j` kn lu`j`. YLdrdk _ n` stbss` qudcg`kn ebnn'Rjjbnn`, sb cb v`nbr gd Nkerd vbrs`kn Jdprkj`rc`, jab kn gbskgbrdt` Dutucc`,tbop` gbnnb obssk b gbk lruttk hk odturk .

D j`clbrod gbn nbhdob trd nbZtdhk`ck b nb Ldsk Dnjabokjab bskstbucd ldo`sd knnustrdzk`cb gbnn' Dtdndctd Luhkbcs kctkt`ndtd7 Hrdgus , jk` nb 7ldsk gd sbhukrb cbnn'@pbrd. Kc bssds`c` rdpprbsbctdtb nb 7 Ztdhk`ck b kn`r` j`rrksp`cgbctk sbhck V`gkdjdnk,s`tt` l`rod gk qudttr` ldcjkunnb j`c ndtbstd d l`rod gk Z`nb. Kc ndtkc`Hrdgus vu`n gkrb kcldttk ldsb, pbrk`g`, `rgkcb

gk sujjbssk`cb, od j`c n'dvvbct` gbnndjakokjd sjkbctklkjd sbttbjbctbsjd qub-st` tbrokcb kckzk dg bssbrb utknkzzdt`dcjab pbr kcgkjdrb n'uckt gk oksurdgbnnd tbopbrdturd b gbnnd qudctktgk dnj``n j`ctbcutd kc ucd s`stdczddnj`nkjd (hrdgdzk`cb dnj`nkjd).

W`rcdcg` dnnd Wdv`nd gk Zobrdng`,kc qubstd lrdsb vkbcb gucqub kcsbhcd-t` (` rkj`rgdt`) dnn'Dgbpt` gbnn'Drtb,jab jk s`c` qudttr` rdgkjk gbnnd J`sd Cbnnd l`t`6

Knnustrdz k`cbtrdttd gdnn'@pusodh`-jdednkstk-juo bt tab`s`pak-juo gk Hb`rh\`c Xbnnkch

Koodhkcb s`tt`6 K\ Hrdgus,knnustrdzk`cb

gdnn'Dtdndctd Luhkbcs.


23/38

77 72

Rckjd, nb qudnk su uc pkdc` rdpprb-sbctdc` hnk Bnbobctk b su uc dntr` nb@pbrdzk`ck Dnjabokjab. Kn Z`nb, ndNucd, kn \bct` b nd Wbrrd d uc nkvbn-n` gkvbrs` gk rbdnt rdpprbsbctdc`kn Lu`j`, n'Djqud, n'Drkd b nd Wbrrd,od dcjab nd Odtbrkd ]rkod, jab skodcklbstd kc l`rod gk oksjuhnk gks`stdczb gkllbrbctk pbr jòp`skzk`cb`ppurb gkllbrbczkdtb sbj`cg` kn n`r`stdt` gk j`cskstbczd (s`nkgd, nkqukgd, bhdss`sd) ` kc edsb dnnd qudnkt (lrbg-gd, jdngd, sbjjd b uokgd). Tudcg`,pbr bsbopk`, Brobtb jk gkjb jab knZ`nb su` ]dgrb, bhnk kctbcgb, jòb

Brdjnkt`, jabkn ]dgrb gk Wutt` kn Lu`j`,pbrja sbczd kn Jdn`rb nd trdsoutdzk`-cb gbnnd odtbrkd c`c ad kckzk`6

Kn lu`j` kcldttk j`cgbcsdcg`sk gkvbctduokg` b j`dhundcg`sk gkvbctd djqud,n'djqud sk rdpprbcgb b trdpdssd kc tbrrd6 bqubstd nd vkd kc hk. Cbn sbcs` `pp`st` ndtbrrd sk gksjk`hnkb b gd bssd cdsjb n'djqudb gdnn'djqud nb dntrb j`sb, kc qudct` bhnk Ykn lu`j`_ rkj`cgujb qudsk tutt` dnn'bvdp`-rdzk`cb gbn odrb6 b qubstd nd vkd kc su. Bvdp`rdzk ck sk adcc skd gdnnd tbrrd jabgdn odrb6 dnjucb nuokc`sb b purb, dntrb`sjurb. Kn lu`j` dnkobctdt` gd qubnnb nu-okc`sb, n'bnbobct` uokg` gd qubnnb `sjurb.

N'kop`rtdczd gbn Jdn`rb j`clbr-odtd gdnn'drhòbct` trdttdt` cbn Nker`gbk Zbhrbtk gbnnd Jrbdzk`cb , jk` gdn tbst`stbss` gk juk nd Wdv`nd gk Zobrdng` ucd skctbsk b gbn qudnb nd ]brbkrd jk`llrb qubstd skctbtkjd pdc`rdokjd6

Dnn' rkhkcb gbnn'kctbrd rbdnt cdturdnb std kcldttk uc uckj` prkcjkpk`, kn jdn`rb, jabgksjbcgb gd Gk` dttrdvbrs` ucd sbrkb gk pdssdhhk j`s sjabodtkzzdeknk6 gd Gk` pròdcdkn \bre` gkvkc`, gdn qudnb jrbdtd n'dzk`cbjab hbcbrd kn o`t` b j`c bss` kn jdn`rb stbss`,gdn juk gkcdokso` ad `rkhkcb nd rbdntcdturdnb. N'dzk`cb gbn jdn`rb, pr`g`tt` gbnndjrbdzk`cb, sk gkllbrbczkdtuttdvkd kc odckbrdcbttksskod gdnn'dzk`cbgkvkcd. Nd rdgkjdnbgkvbrskt lrd knjrbdt`rb bkn o`cg`jrbdt` s`tt`nk-cbdtd skd d nkvbnn`tbrokc`n`hkj` (Gk`jrbd9 kn jdn`rb b nbgkcdokjab jab gd bss`gksjbcg`c`, kcvbjb, hbcb-rdc`), skd dttrdvbrs` n'bcucjkdzk`cb gbn prkcjkpk` jab tuttb nb j`sb jab s`c` hbcbrdtbn` s`c` dttrdvbrs` n'dzk`cb gbn skoknb b gbnj`ctrdrk`, obctrb Gk` - n'Kcdjjbsskeknb - c`cad skoknktugkcb, c`c ad spbjkb, c`c ad j`c-

L`t` s`prd6 Kn Ubeks cbnnd KK

Wdv`nd gbn Outus Nkebr.

D lkdcj `6 Nb ldsk gbnn'@pbrd,gksbhc` trdtt` gduc odc`sjrktt`dnjabokj`.

trdrk`. O`t` b jdn`rb sk kopnkjdc` rbjkpr`-jdobctb, sbczd jab skd p`sskeknb gkstkchubrbucd prk`rkt lrd k gub6 gdnnd n`r` dzk`cb,gdn pr`gursk gbn jdn`rb gdn o`t` b gbn o`t`gdn jdn`rb, jab ad kckzk` nd hbcbrdzk`cb gbnnbj`sb cdturdnk, bg dcj`rd qubstd gkcdokjdo`t`-jdn`rb jab p`rtbr dn su` jòpkobc-t` pbrlbtt`. Kn o`t` b kn jdn`rb, trdoktb uc pr`jbss` pbr juk kn trdgutt`rb ndtkc kopkbhdkn tbrokcb suenkodtk`, pr`guj`c` nd strdtklk-jdzk`cb gbnnd odtbrkd prko`rgkdnb, s`stdczdkcj`rp`rbd jab s`hhkdjb d tuttd nd cdturdj`rp`rbd b jab c`c sboerd bssbrb dntr` sbc`c n` stbss` jdn`rb jab, rdrbldjbcg`sk b j`c-gbcsdcg`sk, sk p`ndrkzzd kc gub bstrbokt6 nbqudnkt gbn jdng` b gbn lrbgg`. Kn gkcdokso`

dnn'kctbrc` gbn prkcjkpk` uckj` prko`rgkd-nb, jdn`rb-odtbrkd-bcbrhkd, pr`gujb ucdgkllbrbczkdzk`cb dnn'kctbrc` gbk gub bstrbokgdcg` nu`h` d sbttb slbrb, jab j`rrksp`cg`-c` d gkvbrsk nkvbnnk g'kctbcskt gbn jdn`rb b s`c` sbgb gbk pkdcbtk b prkcjkpk` gbk sbhck z`gkdjdnk. Zk ttkbcb j`s uc rgkcdobct`gbnnd odtbrkd j`sokjd, kc juk nd p`ndrkt`rkhkcdrkd gk jdng` b lrbgg` sk odcklbstddttrdvbrs` ucd sbrkb gk j`ppkb6 dnt`-edss`,nbhhbr`-pbsdctb, dttkv`-pdsskv`, odsjaknb- lbookcknb. Nd p`ndrkt prkodrkd, pr`sbhubkn tbst`, sk ucksjb kc j`ccuekd (c`zzb) gdnnbqudnk cdsj`c` gub qudnkt untbrk`rk, kn sbj-j` b n'uokg`. Kc rbdnt nb gub qudnkt c`c sboerdc bssbrb kn pr g`tt` gbn jdn`rb b

gbn lrbgg`, od pkutt`st` nd od-cklbstdzk`cb gbn n`r` nkvbnn`

`jjunt`9 dttrdvbrs` nd sjkssk`cb gk jkdsjucdqudnkt `jjuntd gdqubnnd odcklbstd b nb

rkjòekcdzk`ck p`ssk-

eknk sk`ttkbcb nd l`rodzk`cb

gk rbdntcdturdnkuntbrk`rkb pkjòpnbssb,

lkc` dk j`rpkbnbobctdrk j`cjrbtk

(okcbrdnk, vbhbtdnk b dckodnk), sbj`cg` ucgkcdokso` jab prbsbctd s`stdczkdnk dcd-n`hkb kc tuttk k su`k stdgk gk sv`nhkobct`. Nb s`stdczb jab, sjkcgbcg sk dn pr`prk`kctbrc`, rbcg`c` p`sskeknb n'uck`cb j`c kn`r` `pp`stk gdcc` nu`h` dg uc pr`jbss`krrbvbrskeknb b nd gkcdokjd kctbrc`-bstbrc`,jab kc tdn o`g` sk rbdnkzzd kstktuksjb uccbss` gk rbjkpr`jkt lrd dnt` b edss` kc jukrkskbgb, Y..._, nd c`zk`cb jakdvb gbnnd WdeundZodrdhgkcd Y..._.

Cbn Ikte Zkrr dn-adnqd s`c`gucqub rdjjakusb nb pk kop`rtdctktb`rkb odhkjab jk` sjkbctklkjab gbno`cg` dctkj` b gbk lkn`s`lk hrbjk rk-

hudrgdctk nd Cdturd b k su`k Bnbobc-tk, od s`c` prbsbctk dcjab nb vkvkgbkoodhkck brobtkjab gbn I`rb I`so u jab pdrnd gbnnd gkstkczk`cb trd n'@pbrdJrbdtrkjb gk Gk` b qubnnd Hbcbrdtrkjbgbhnk bssbrk uodck, k qudnk p`ss`c`s`ndobctb o`gbnndrb nd Odtbrkd jabnd Gkvkckt ad obss` n`r` d gksp`sk-zk`cb, trdbcg`nd gd sb stbssd6

Dnn rd, Bhnk stbss`, gbskgbrdcg` jab kno`cg` supbrk`rb c`c l`ssb pk kcbrtb, gbjksbgk rkbopkrn` gk spkrktk, kc o`g` jab skc cbkgbttdhnk, nd jrbdzk`cb c`c rksuntdssb koo`-eknb b kcdttkvd9 sk lbjb drtkhkdc` gk qubst`gksbhc` b us s`stdczb sdjrb pbr nd rbdnkzzdzk`cb gbnnd sud `pbrd. Dvbcg` trdtt`gdnnd pr`l`cgkt pr`prk` bssbrb tutt` kn s`l- lk` jab hnk cbjbssktdvd, n` uc dn lu j` bn` rkobst j`c dntrb s`stdczb sj`c`sjkutb. G`p` dvbr uckl`rodt qubst` b jkdsjucbnbobct`, djjòpdhcdcg`sk j`c dnjuck

kcjdctbskok sbhrbtk, dhkt j`c l`rzdnd oksturd, lkc` d ja e`nn, kc

supbrlkjkb dppdrvb dnn`rducd s`rtd gk odtbrkd pk s`ttknb, pk purd b trdspd-rbctb gbhnk kchrbgkbctk gkjuk brd jòp`std, bssdbrd trdsnujkgd, nd vbgbvd

s`n` n'Drtblkjb. Y_ Gk`nd jakdo Dckodzk`-

cb. Y_ Zk beebr j`s, kccuobr` dgbhudt`, okrkdgk gk


24/38

7< 78

dckob, pbrdctk sbj`cg` kn su` gksbhc` j`c`rgkcb b oksurd, dhbctk j`c bspbrkbczd b kcj`cvbckbctb pr`p`rzk`cb, cdtb gdnnd stbssd sjakuod gbnnd oksturd. Y_ c`c dvrbeebg`vut` bssbrjk nd okckod gkllbrbczd trd nbdckob, dn gk n gbn cbjbssdrk`, dcjab sb vbr`jab nd sjakuod jab sk rdpprbsb kc supbrlkjkbg`p` jab gk` beeb rkobstdt`, c`c brd kc tuttkk puctk nd stbssd. Kn prko` pdrt` brd okhnk`rb, pk gbcs` gbn sbj`cg , b cbn jòpnbss` pk pur , kn sbj`cg` pdrt`, gk o`nt` kclbrk rb,brd jòucqub okhnk rb gbn tbrz`. B j`s vkd skc` dnnd sbssdctbskod sjakbrd gk dckob. Y_g`p` dvbr obsj`ndt` hnk dntrk gub bnbobctkj`chbcbrdtk, n'djqud b nd tbrrd, pr`cucjkdnn` stbss` o`g` su gk bssk jbrtb l`rounb,

sbhrbtb, p`tbctk od c`c tdct qudct`nb prkob, g`p` dvbr dhktdt` nd oksturd b dvbrvk kcsullndt ucd l`rzdvkvklkjdtrkjb, prbsb nd pdrtb bsskjjdtdjab hdnnbhhkdvd k supbrlkjkb b jabo`strdvd uc kcv`nujr` ebc j`dhu-ndt` b cb l`rhk k sbhck z`gkdjdnkkc l`rod dckodnb. Tudct` dnrbskgu` gbnnd oksturd, n` ndsjkdnnb dckob jab dvbvdc` hk pr`- hrbgkt`, d qubnnb dckob jab brdc` stdtb kcvktdtb d bctrdrb kc nu`hakgbhnk gbk, cbk nu`hak pr`sskokdhnk dstrk, prbss` k sdjrk gbo`-ck gkjbcg`6 Jrbdtb, lkhnk okbk,gksjbcgbctk gbn ok` bssbrb, rkjbvbtbqubstk rbskguk gbn ok` pbrdrb b jabjkdsjuc` j`clkhurk qudnj`sd jab j`rrksp`cgd dnnd pr`prkd cdturd6 hudrgdtb,v`hnk` llrkrvk kc`ntrb qubstk hhbttk jab vk sbrvkrdcc` gd o gbnnk. B dvbcg rkprbs`nd oksturd trd nb odck, gksp`sb j`c rgkcb bebnnbzzd, kc djj`rg` j`c k o`vkobctk pskjak-jk n'`rcdobct` gbnn` z`gkdj`, g`p` dvbrn`dhhkustdt` pbrlbttdobctb jòb jòpnbobct`dk sbhck dctr`pò`rlk gbnn` z`gkdj` Y..._ 9 Gdn prko` pdrt` gbnnd odtbrkd, qubnn` nd juk s`stdczd brd bstrbodobctb nbhhbrd, bssb Ynbdckob_ o`gbnndr`c` kc o`g` nbhhkdgr` nd spbjkb gbhnk ujjbnnk6 b skjjòb, cbn lrdttbop`,nd oksturd brd hk gkvbcutd gurd pbr obt bdvbvd djqukstdt` ucd s`nkgd j`cskstbczd, bssb l`rhkdr`c nd spbjkb gbk qudgrupbgk, spbjkbjab skjurdobctb obc` nbhhbrd, qubnnd gbk

pbsjk, jab adcc eks`hc eks hc` gk uc jò- pnbobct` uokg pbr cu`tdrb9 kclkcb bssbcgnd pdrtb rbskgud rodk lrbggd b dttrdttd vbrs`kn l`cg`, nb dckob pr`gussbr` ucd cu`vd spbjkb, qubnnd gbk rbttknk.9 Nd pdrtb lkcdnb gbnnd Z`- stdczd lu usdtd gd Brobtb, pbrjrbdrb kJ`rpk

Rod-ck, cbkqudnk lur`c`kcj`rp`rdtb nb Dck-ob jab dvbvdc` trdshrbgkt`dhnk `rgkck gk Gk`6 K dnn`rd gks- sb Brobtb ok gòdcgdk gk qudnb odtbrkdg`vbv` sbrvkrok, b jakdodk kc dkut` kn Z`-vrdc`. Tubstk rgkc dnnb dckob gk gdrok kn

rbskgu` gbnnd oksturd6 b dvbcg`n` prbs` trd nbodck, n` tr`vdt` sbjj`. Rsdk dnn`rd ucd hrdcqudctkt g'djqud supbrk`rb dn cbjbssdrk`,

kc o`g` gd rkclrbsjdrb nd jòp`skzk`cbgbnnd odtbrkd, j`s jab n'bssbrb

o`gbnndt` rksuntdssbndchukg , gbe`nb

b kop`tbctb,tdnb gd

c`c

p`tbr- sk j c-

hkuchbrb j`cn'kctbnnkhbczd prkod

g'bssbr rkbopkt` gk l`rzd. N` o`gbnndk, n'`pbrd brd ebnnd,

hk`kk dnnd sud vkstd9 b gdn edss` kcvktdk knZ`vrdc d j`ctbopndrnd bhnk nd vkgb b cb hk`b rgkc jab nb dckob l`ssbr` kcj`rp`rdtb.

Zb kn Z`nb kn ]dgrb, jk` kn Lu`j` O`t`rb gbnn'@pbrdzk`cb , dnn`rd nd Odgrb nd Nucd, `vvbr` n'Djqud, jab cbnn'u-ckrsk j`c kn Lu`j`, kn su` bnbobct``pp`st` b jòpnbobctdrb, g vktdd ucdZ`stdczd Nkqukgd gdnnd G`ppkd Cdturd, uc' Djqud Khcbd, jab rkj`rgdn' Djqud Gkvkcd gk juk pdrndvd V`sko`gk ]dc`p`nk6

qubst` kn okstbr` gkvkc` b suprbo`,n'`hhbtt` gbnnb rkjbrjab. Tubst` kn Wutt`. Gd bss` vkbcb kn Wutt` b pbr obzz` gk

bss` kn Wutt` . Gub cdturb, ucd s`ndbssbczd6 n'ucd trdsjkcd n'dntrd, b n'ucd

gòkcd n'dntrd. Tubstd n'djqud

g'drhbct`, nd odsjak`-lbookcd jab sboprb luhhb, dttrdttd vbrs` jkjab pr`prk`. n'djqud gkvkcdjab tuttk adcc` khc`rdt`. C`c ldjknb j`ctbopndrb nd sud cd-turd. C`c obtdnn`, c djqudjab sboprb sj`rrb, c uc h- hbtt` j`rp`rb`6 c`c pu bssbrbgòkcdtd. kn tutt` kc tuttbnb j`sb. Ad vktd b spkrkt` bg gkstruhhktrkjb. Jak kctbcgbqubstb pdr`nb, p`sskbgb n'`r`.

CbnndWured gbk lkn`s`lk ,

uc tbst` gbnnd stbssd bp`jdgbnnd Wdeund Zodrdhgkcd

(KQ sbj`n`), sk pdrnd gk uc' Dj-qud Ekvdnbctb , n' Djqud gbnn

V`nl jab okstd gk gub cdturbb sk j`chbnd b sk gkssbjjd b sk dntbrd

b sk sekdcjd b sk drr`ssd j`c n'dkut`gbn lu`j`, dookckstrdt` jòb sk gbvb.

Tubst'Djqud j`rrksp`cgb dnn'Djkg`Z`nl`rkj`, uc djkg` okcbrdnb jab kcs`nuzk`cb djqu`sd j`cjbctrdtd gkvbc-cb ldo`s` j`c kn còb gk \ktrk`n .

Dnjuck s`stbch`c` jab nd Wdv`ndgk Zobrdng` jbnk pr`prk` nd rkjbttd gbn\btrk`n`, pbrja qubstd s`stdczd lurksj`pbrtd gdn pk hrdcgb b kclnubctbdnjakokstd drde`,Fekr kec Adyyc (14:-0) j`c`sjkut` gdhnk bur`pbk jòbHbebr , n` stbss` stugk`s` jab sbj`cg`nd trdgkzk`cb dvbvd jktdt` pbr prko`

Cbnn'koodhkcb6 N'Brodlr`gkt`,

tdv`nd trdttd gdn-n'DopaktbdtruoZdpkbctkdb Btbr-cdb gk Abkcrkja

Iaucrdta.


25/38

71 7;

nd Wdeund cbk su`k sjrkttk.Dntrk s`stbch`c` kcvbjb jab kn

\ktrk`n sdrbeeb stdt` pr`g`tt` gd ucdntr` kop`rtdctb b ldo`s` obgkj` bdnjakokstd drde Dn-Udzk (1


26/38

2= 24

n'dntrd pdsskvd9 bssbcg` kn lu`j``pp`st` dnn'djqud, cb bsskjjd ucd pdrtb, j`s sk l`rodtd Ynd tbrrd_jab hdnnbhhkd sunn'djqud, n'djqudj`ctkcudcg` dg bssbrb bsskjjdtddk e`rgk, nkebrd gdk trb bnbobctk6djqud, tbrrd, lu`j` bg uc vdp`rb,j`s cdtd n'drkd.

:. Tubstk bnbobctk bctrdc`kc jòekcdzk`cb sbj`cg` ucrdpp`rt` dro`ckj`, kn jdng` j`ckn lrbgg`, kn sbjj` j`c n'uokg`, b,gdn n`r` djj`rg`, cdsjb uc s`llk`b ucd sbobczd dcdn`hd dn s`llk`jab dvvknuppd. 7. Tubst` s`llk`,ucd v`ntd jdgut` cbnnd odtrkjb,

c`c rbstd kcdttkv` cbnnd sbobc- zd9 gdt` jab c`c rbstd kcdttkv`,trdsl`rod nd sbobczd, bg bssd,trdoktb qubstd trdsl`rodzk`cbdjqukstd jrbsjktd b hrdcgbzzd.

N'A`rt`ndcus jakdod Lbrobct kn s`llk` vktdnb uckt`dnnd sbobczd cutrkjb b n`j`cskgbrd n' Drtblkjb gbnnd o`n-tkpnkjdzk`cb gbnnd Z`stdczd, pbrsujjbsskvb gkstknndzk`ck6

jòb qudcg` sk ld kn pdcb6uc p`jakc` gk nkbvkt` cutrb b lbrobctd ucd hrdcgb qudctkt gk pdstd jdoekdcg` kc tdn o`g` nd s`stdczd gbnnd pdstd kc lbrobct 9j`s kn lkn`s`l` vu`nb jab nd c`strd pkbtrd skd tdnobctb lbrobctdtd gd sbrvkrb jòb lbrobct` dnnd sud pr`prkd o`ntkpnkjdzk`cb.

Tubstd `pbrdzk`cb kn ]d-grb b knWbnbsod gk Wutt`, jk` knlkcb gbnn'@pbrd, cbn sbcs` gkrksuntdt` lkcdnb.

Wbnbsod gbrkvd gdn vbr- e` hrbj` Wbnb`, uc tbrokcbpdrtkj`ndrobctb skhcklkjdtkvùtknkzzdt` pbr kcgkjdrb skd nb Kckzkdzk`ck dk Okstbrk , jab ndj`rrbttd bsbjuzk`cb gbn rkt`kckzkdtkj` jab trdsl`rod b

Cbnnkoodhkcb6 Nd gkstknndzk`cb,koodhkcb trdttd

gdn Nkebr gb Drtb Gkstknndcgk gb

Jòp`sktks, gk Akbr`cyous Erucsjawkh

Ysu nkjbczd gbnndJabokjdn Abrktdhb

Lùcgdtk`cY

pbrlbzk`cd jak vk dsskstb.Kn su` bqukvdnbctb ndtkc`

Kcktkd, gd juk gbrkvd nd j`csub-tugkcb gk trdgurrb kn tbrokcbWbnbt j`c nd pdr`nd Kckzkdzk`cb ,cbn sbcs` gk rkt` gk pdssdhhk`jab j`csbctb gk pdssdrbgd uc` stdtus d uc dntr` b gk djjbgbrb duc hrupp` jakus` jab p`sskbgbspbjklkjab j`c`sjbczb pb-rdtkvb. NdWbnbt pbr supb-rk`rb dnn'Kckzkdzk`cb, pbrjaprbsupp`cb c`c s`n` n'kckzk`gk uc'`pbrd gk trdsoutdzk`-cb pskj`-lkskjd b cbn c`str`jds` dnjabokjd, od dcjab nd

sud lkcb, jk` nd sud j`rrbttdrbdnkzzdzk`cbdnnd lkcb gk ucucd sbrkb gk tdppb rktudnk p`rtdtbj`rrbttdobctb d jòpkobct. \k gucqub uc pdrdnnbnkso`,kctr`g`tt` gd V`sko`, trd knpbrlbzk`cdobct` gbnnd odtb-rkd dttrdvbrs` ucd sbqubczdprbjksd gk pbrdzk`ck b qubnndgbnn'Bssbrb Rodc`, jab gbvbsupbrdrb ucd sbrkb gk pr`vbpbr bssbrb kckzkdt` dk okstbrkgbnn'Dnjakokd. Zb nb `pbrd-zk`ck s`c` gucqub j`cg`ttbpbrlbttdobctb d jòpkobct ,dnn`rd, jòb gkjbvd Drkst`-tbnb,hck Bnbobct` jab ad kc sb stbss` kn su` lkcb (n'Bctbnbjad),tbcgbr d ou`vbrsk vbrs` kn nu`h`jab hnk j`chbckdnb pbr Cdturd,jk` tbcgbr kc o`g` cdturdnbvbrs` nd pr`prkd rbdnkzzdzk`cbb qukcgk pbrlbzk`cb, pdssdcggdnnd p`tbczd dnn'dtt`.

Zb hnk bnbobctk j`stktubctkgbnn'Rckvbrs` sk jòp`rtdc`kc qubst` o`g`, nbjkt` pbc-sdrb jab dcjab nb Dckob gbhnkbssbrk uodck, jab s`c` l`rod-tb gd qubstk stbssk bnbobctk,p`ssdc` ldrn`. B kc bllbttk cbn I`rb I soù nbhhkdo` jab nbDckob adcc` deedcg`cdt`nb sbgk jbnbstk jab brdc` stdtb


27/38

25 2:

Cbnnd l`t` s`tt`6 Nb sbttb ldsk gbnn'@- pbrd kc uc'knnustrdzk`cb trdttd gdDz`ta, gk Edsknk`\dnbctkc`.

dssbhcdtb n`r` b s`c` s tdtb kcj`rp`rdtbcbnnd odtbrkd, pbr dvbr gksueekgkt dGk`. TubstkZpkrktk Gkvkck p`ss`c` pbrt`rcdrb dnnd n`r` hn`rkd rkhkcdnb, purk-lkjdcg`sk jòb kc uc pr`jbss` dnjab-okj` gk dsjbcsk`cb. Dcjab nd OdtbrkdZpkrktudnb pu gucqub bssbrb rbgbctdcbn lu`j` b s`nnbvdtd cbnn` spkrkt`, j`sjòb djjdggb d Brobtb, Bc`ja, Jrk-st`, dnnd \brhkcb Odrkd, bjj., k qudnk,sbj`cg` nb nbhhbcgb, c`c s`c` o`rtk,od s`c` sjòpdrsk gd qubst` o`cg`kcskbob dk n`r` j`rpk, rbsk pbrlbttk , jk`dgdttk d j`ctbcbrb nb n`rdckob gk lu`j` su uc dntr` pkdc` gk rbdnt.

kctbrbssdctb c`tdrb jab gdnnd

pdr`nd Wbnbsod gksjbcgb dcjab kntbrokcbWdnksodc`, dttrdvbrs` n'kctbr-obgkdzk`cb gbnn'drdeWknsdo bWknn- sdo, dn pnurdnbWdnsko. ]br bstbcsk`cbgk skhcklkjdt` kcldttk j`c Wbnbsod skkctbcg`c` tuttk qubhnk `hhbttk jabskdc` stdtk j`csdjrdtk pbr obzz` gkuc rkt` b kn Wdnksodc` pr`prk` uc

odculdtt` ldeerkjdt` utknkzzdcg` nd Nbhhb gbnnb J rrksp`cgbczb dn lkcb gkdttkrdrb kc bss` spbjklkjab pr`prkbtjbnbstk b tbrrbstrk. Jurk`sdobctb pdrbjab dnjuck Dnjakokstk utknkzzdssbr` kntbst` stbss` gbnnd Wdv nd gk Zobrdng`jòb uc Wdnksodc`, kcsbrbcg`n` trdnb rkhab gk uc nker` ` kcjkgbcg`n`sunnb pdrbtk gbk nde`rdt`rk, kc o`g`gd dttrdrrb untbrk`rk kclnubczb p`sktkvbsunn` sv`nhkobct` gbn n`r` ndv`r`.

L) ZB]DUDEKZ WBUUDO DE KHCB, ZREWK-NB D Z]KZZ@, ZRD\KWBU , JRO ODHC@ KCHBCK@.

L4) Zbpdrbrdk nd Wbrrd gdn Lu`j`, kn s`ttknb

gdnn` spbss`, g`njbobctb b j `c hrdcgbkcgustrkd. L5) Zbpdrbrdk nd Wbrrd gdn Lu`j`, n'kopdn- pdeknb gdn jòpdtt`, od j`c gbnkjdtbzzd bj`c hrdcgb dttbczk`cb.

N'A`rt`ndcus jk spkbhd jab sbpd-rdrb vu`n gkrb gkss`nvbrb6pbrja nd

gkss`nuzk`cb nd sbpdrdzk`cb gbnnb pdrtk,nd Wbrrd gdn Lu`j`, knZ`ttknb gdnn` spbss`,jk` nd lbjjkd b n'ko-o`cgbzzd gbn lu`j`,gbnn'drkd, gbnn'djqudb gk tuttd nd s`stdczdgbnnd ]kbtrd, gk o`g`jab bssd rkodchdkctbrdobctb sbczd sp`rjkzkd.

Gurdctb nd Gk-stknndzk`cb gub s`-c` nb ldsk cbjbssdrkbdnnd ]urklkjdzk`cbgbnnd Z`stdczd gdnnbkopurkt(lbjkeus) ,kc o`g` jab nd sudp`tbczd (jk` ndsudJ`cjbctrdzk`cb )rbstk kctdttd gurdc-tb nd rkj`cvbrsk`cbgdnn` stdt` hdss`s`d qubnn` nkqukg`6 nd Gblndoodzk cb b nd

Ubttklkjdzk`cb .Cbn jds` gbnnb s`stdczd

dnj`nkjab, ndgblndoodzk`cb n'`pbrdzk`cb cbjbssdrkd d`ttbcbrb ucd j`cjbctrdzk`cbpk purd p`sskeknb, dttrdvbrs`kn sussbhukrsk gk gkstknndzk`ckgk uc nkqukg` sboprb pk j`c-jbctrdt`, rkjdvdt` gd sujjbssk-vb j`cgbcsdzk`ck.

Ndrbttklkjdzk`cb rkhudrgdkcvbjb nd sbpdrdzk`cb gbnnbs`stdczb eu`cb gd qubnnb jabs`c` t`sskjab ` jab kcgbe`-nksj`c` nd j`cjbctrdzk`cbgbnnd s`stdczd jab sk vu`nb

`ttbcbrb. Zk utknkzzd dnn`rducd J`n`ccd gk lrdzk`cdobct`,cbnnd qudnb dvvkbcb nd sbpdrd-zk`cb trd s`stdczb j`c puct`gk be`nnkzk`cb gkvbrs`, j`cj`csbhubctb bnkokcdzk`cb gkqubnnb kcgbskgbrdtb.

Cbnnd J`n`ccd, nd prkodb n'untkod pdrtb gbn gkstknndt`s`c` jakdodtb rkspbttkvd-obctb Wbstd bJ`gd b s`c` jòp`stbgd s`stdczb c`jkvb b shrdgbv`nk jabvbch`c` euttdtb. Nd pdrtb kctbrobgkd,jakdodtdJu`rb qubnnd j`cskgbrdtd eu`cd b vkbcb j`csbrvdtd.

]`kja o`ntb s`stdczb gdcc`sbp`ss`c` bssbrb trdsp`rtdtb cbn Ju`rbgdk vdp`rk, n'deknkt gbnn'Dnjakokstdstd cbn sdpbr tdhnkdrb j`c gbstrbzzd, nbWbstb b nb J`gb gbn Grdh` (` ZbrpbctbDndt`) jab sk o`rgb nd j`gd.

Cbn Gkdn`h` j`c kn Ub Jdnkg , n'dnjak-okstd O`rkbc`, pdrnd gbnn'kop`rtdczdgbn pr`jbss` gk ]urklkjdzk`cb, rkj`r-gdcg` jab gurdctb kn Odhkstbrkn J`r- p` O`rt`, gd juk usjkt` n` Zpkrkt`, gbvbbssbrb Ukdckodt, jk` n` Zpkrkt` gbvbrkbctrdrb cbn J`rp` jab pbr gbvbbssbrb stdt` purklkjdt`, dntrkobctk c`csk `ttbrr ckbctb6

Y..._ sb c`c punktb pbrlbttdobctb kn J`rp`kopur`6 sb c`c n` gkssbjjdtb, sb c`c n`rbcgbtb ekdcj`, sb c`c n'dckodtb ldjbcg`vk

bctrdrb n'dckod b sb c`c t`hnkbtb tutt` kn su`jdttkv` g`rb, kc o`g` jab g`p` dvbr pu-nkt`, nd Wkcturd jdgb su gk nuk b n` pbcbtrd,c`c dvbtb ldtt` ckbctb gbn Odhkstbr`, c`cdvbcg` `ssbrvdt` ebcb kn Ubhkob. Tudnbebcb sk pu spbrdrb, sb nd j`sd, jk` n'Djqud Obrjurkdnb, jab nd j`sd prkcjkpdnb b kn s`n` Dhbctb gbn Odhkstbr`, c`c dhksjb bssd stbssd b c`c sk ucksjb d nbk kn j`rp` pur` b pbrlbtt` b skd uc s`n` b stbss` j`rp`0

Hnk Dnjakokstk gbsjrkv`c` nd]urklkjdzk`cb kc o`g` suhhbstkv` bjrubct`, jòb ucd s`rtd gk t`rturdcbjbssdrkd , jab p`rtd dnnd O`rtb b dnnd]utrbldzk`cb gbnnbJdrck , od sk j`c-jnugb j`c nd Ubsurrbzk`cb gbnnd Z`stdczdkc uc J`rp` gk Hn`rkd, dvvkjkcdcg` nb`pbrdzk`ck dnjabokjab dk t`robctkgbnJrkst`/Zbrpbctb jrujk-lkx`" . CbnWbstdobct` gkHd'ldr Zdgkq sk nbhhbjab k j`rpk o`rtk, gbv`c` bssbrb t`rturdtkcbn Lu`j` dttrdvbrs` tuttb nb Drtk gbnndZ`llbrbczd pbr p`tbr rbsusjktdrb6 pbrja,

L`t` s`prd6 Lr`ctbspkz k`gbn Ousbuo

Abrobtkj uo,jòpbcgk` gk tbstkbrobtkjk gbn 4


28/38

27 22

sbczd s`llbrbczd b sbczd o`rtb, c c sk purdhhkuchbrb nd \ktd btbrcd. Fuch rktb-cbvd jab nb t`rturb d juk brd s`t-t`p`std n'Djqud, dttrdvbrs` kn Lu`j`,j`rrksp`cgbssbr` dnn'dnnbh`rkd gbnn`soboerdobct` gbn j`rp` uodc` jab,sbj`cg` Okrjbd Bnkdgb, sdrbeeb stdtùc rbtdhhk` gbn pk dctkj` Zjkdodcb-sko` gbk Juntk Obtdnnurhkjk.

V`sko` kgbctklkj nb ldsk dnjabok-jab, j`c uc pbrs`cdhhk` gk còb F`c,jab hnk dppdrvb kc uc s`hc` b jab pbrtutt` kn tbop` vbccb squdrjkdt` j`cnd spdgd, tdhnkdt` d pbzzk, gbjdpktdt`,sj`rtkjdt`, erujkdt` cbn lu`j`, pbrp`tbr jdoekdrb kn pr`prk` j`rp` kc spkrk-

t`. Rcd koodhkcb o`nt` skoknb skrktr`vd cbnnZpnbcg`r Z`nks , g`vb vkbcbj`s gbsjrkttd6

K` tk a` ujjks`, b a` ldtt` kn tu` j`rp` d pbzzk, dnlkcb gk ebdtklkjdrtk b ldrtk rkvkvbrbgk ucd pk nuchd b lbnkjb vktd, jab tu c`cadk pr`vdt` prkod jab nd o`rtb j`spkrdssbj`ctr` gk tb pbr kn j`np` gbnnd okd spdgd9od k` cdsj`cgbr nd tud tbstd dllkcja hnkuòkck c`c tk p`ssdc` rkj`c`sjbrb, b c`c tkvbgdc` pk cbnnd stbssd sp`hnkd o`rtdnb jabdvbvk prkod b erujbr kn tu` j`rp` kc ucvds` gk Wbrrd g`vb k` n` rkcsbrrbr, dllkcjabssbcg` kc p`j` tbop` koputrkgkt`, p`ssdodhhk`robctb o`ntkpnkjdrsk b rkp`rtdrbucd hrdc qudctkt gk lruttk okhnk`rk.

Nd sbj`cgd pdrtb gbnnd lrdsb spkbhdjab pbr ujjkgbrb, t`rturdrb, purklkjdrbnd Z`stdczd, ldjbcg` usjkrb b rkbctrd-rb n` Zpkrkt` cbn J`rp`, cbjbssdrk`jab kn jòp`st` rdhhkuchd kn hkust`puct` gk be`nnkzk`cb.

Kn sbhrbt` gbnnd Gkstknndzk`cb qukc-gk tutt` cbn j`ctr`nn` djjurdt` gbnndtbopbrdturd, cgb bvktdrb gk erujkdrbtutt` gk ldr sdnkrb cbnJu`rb dcjabnb s`stdczb c`jkvb. J`cskgbrdcg` ndnkoktdtd struobctdzk`cb sjkbctklkjdgbnn'bp`jd bvkgbctb jab kopdrdrb dpdgr`cbhhkdrb n'Drtb gbn Lu`j`, juoodhc` kchbck`, brd uc'dzk`cb dssdkjòpnbssd, lrutt` gk dcck gk j`stdctb

spbrkobctdzk`cb bg bspbrkbczd, jabgkllkjknobctb p`tbvd bssbrb trdsobs-sd j`c prbjksb kcgkjdzk`ck suk hrdgkjbctkhrdgk, s`prdttutt` kc odcjdczdgk uc hhbtt` jòb kn tbroòbtr`, knjuk prko` bsbopndrb lu rbdnkzzdt` gdHdnknb` Hdnknbk s`ndobctb cbn 4


29/38

2< 28

oksurd b hkustd pr`p`r- zk`cb. Tubstb rbhk`ck s`-c` jakdodtb gdk c`strkdvk skd z`cb, skd lkrod-obctk ` dcjab pkbhab. Bgk n jab nb dckob vdcc`b vbch`c`, skd qubnnb jab sk s`c nkebrdtb gdk j`rpkjab qubnnb jab c`c sk s`c` dcj`rd kcjdrcdtb.@hcucd gk qubstb dck-ob, lkhnk`, `jjupd ucdrbhk`cb kc rbndzk`cb dk su`k obrktk6 j`s nb dck-ob gkvkcb b rbhdnk dektd-c` nb rbhk`ck pk bnbvdtb9

nb dckob kclbrk`rk pbrgkhckt b tuttb qubnnbkcjnkcdtb vbrs`

nd tbrrd,dektdc`

cbnndrb-

hk`cb kclbrk`rb9 nb dckob kctbrobgkb dektdc`cbnnd rbhk`cb kctbrobgkd. 5. Gucqub, A`-rus, lkhnk` ok`, nb dckob kcvkdtb qudhhk pbrrbhcdrb gksjbcg`c` gdnnb rbhk`ck pk dntb, b,ucd v`ntd nkebrdtb, bg dcjab vbrs` qubstb stbssb z cb jab bssb rkt rcdc`, dcjab pkkc dnt` dcj`rd, sdnv` qubnnb jab adcc` jò-obss` qudnjab dzk`cb j`ctrdrkd dnnd gkhcktgbnnd n`r` cdturd b dk prbjbttk gbnnd nbhhbgkvkcd6 qudct` d qubstb, nd ]r`vvkgbczdgdnn'dnt` nb bsknkd cbnnb rbhk`ck pk kc edss`kc rbndzk`cb dk n`r` pbjjdtk, pbr j`ctr` bssd ld outdr n`r p`st` sb adcc pr`hrbgkt .Tukcgk nb dckob kclbrk`rk Ysk djjrbsj`c`_ kc p`tbczd b gkhckt, gdt` jab nd ]r vvkgbczdnb ld sdnkrb gdnnb rbhk`ck pk edssb d qubnnb

pk c eknk b dntb.A) ZKJ ADEBEKZ HN@UKDO W@WKRZ ORC -GK, KGB@ LRHKDW D WB @OCKZ @ZJRUKWD-WKZ.

A4) J`c qubst` obzz` dvrdk nd hn`rkd gktutt` kn o`cg` b pbr obzz` gk jk n'`sjurkt luhhkr gd tb. A5) J`s dvrdk nd hn`rkd gk tutt` kn o`cg`b `hck tbcberd sk dnn`ctdcbr gd tb.

Ukusjkrb d jòpkbrb j`rrbttdobctbn'@pbrdzk`cb dnjabokjd vkbcb pdrdh`-cdt` dnnd rkusjktd gk uc'koprbsd strd`r-gkcdrkd, jab c`c sboerd j`cgurrbvbrs` p`sskeknk hudgdhck odtbrkdnk,od sboodk vbrs` ucd J`c`sjbczdjab s`nnbvd n` Zpkrkt`, drrkjjabcg`n`jòb ucd oksjbnd. N'Dnjakokstd kcvktdt` d c`c sj`rdhhkdrsk, pbrjag`p` dvbr vdhdt` d nuch` cbnnb tbcb-

erb gbnn'khc`rdczd, dnnd lkcb rkjbvbrn'Knnuokcdzk`cb jab jbrjd, rbju-pbrdcg` qubnnd vkstd supbrk`rbjab kn skctò` kckzkdnb gbnndrbkctbhrdzk`cb gbnn'Dckod dnndsud sbgb Jbnbstb.

Cbn I`rb I`so u , nb Dckobkoo`rtdnk j`strbttb d vkvbrb cbkj`rpk sk ndobctdc` pr`prk` gbnndjbjkt d juk s`c` stdtb èenkhdtb,rktr`vdcg`sk cbn puct` pk n`ctd-c` gdnnd Nujb Gkvkcd6

Nb dckob, jab c`c dppdrtbch`c`

pk d Gk`, c`c dvrdcc` dntr` jab `jjakgdnn` shudrg` nkoktdt`, b d jdusd gk qubnndj`sd uokgd b r`t`cgd jab kc bssk, c`kc`c p`trbo` vbgbrb jab o`nt` pkjj`n` knc`str` dctbcdt` Jkbn`, c`c sobttbrbo`gk hbobrb b d v`ntb sdrbo` prkvb gbnn` shudrg` (d qubst` pr`p`skt` @rlb`6 gdnjakdr`rb s`ndrb jab hkuchb n` shudrg`6 hnk`jjak gk pbr s c`c vbg`c` cunnd). Bllbt-tkvdobctb sl`rtucdtb, bjj`jk j`cgdccdtb,c`c jk ldtt` dss`nutdobctb g`c` gbnndvkstd, p`kja sbczd nujb, c`c jk j`cjbss`gk bsbrjktdrnd6 qubstk c`c s`c` jab gbk s`stktutk g'`jjak b c`c `jjak.

D ebc hudrgdrb pbr n'bsknk` gbnnb

Dckob Ukebnnk c`c ucd vbrd puck-zk`cb, pbrja kc uc O`cg` ]brlbtt`c`c g`vrbeeb bssbrb p`sskeknb dvbrbgbskgbrk sedhnkdtk, sbczd j`ctdrb jabnb Dckob, dvbcg` kc sb stbssb nd n`r` Bctbnbjakd, c`c p`ss`c` jab t`rcdrbn gd g`vb pr`vbch`c`, qukcgk jòbdvrbeebr` p`tut` dnn`ctdcdrsbcb,gbskgbrdcg` uc nu`h` gkvbrs` jab c`cp`ss`c` cbdcjab koodhkcdrb pbr n`r`stbssd Cdturd0 Zb kn pbjjdt` gbnnb Dck-ob stdt` qubnn` gk c`c djj`ctbctdrsk,gk v`nbr vbgbrb j`sd j'brd `ntrb jk jabbrd stdt` lkssdt` pbr n`r`, drrkvdcg`dk J`clkck gbnn'Rckvbrs` bstbrk`rb bkctbrk`rb pbr jòprbcgbrb kn Zbcs`gbnn'Bskstbczd, dnn`rd nd n`r` puckzk`cbj`rrksp`cgb dnnd j`cjbssk`cb stbssd gkp`tbr s`ggksldrb qubstd jurk`skt.

C`c sk trdttd qukcgk c gk uc jdstk-h`, c gk uc prbok`, od gk uc G`c`.

Kn Gk` gbhnk Brobtkstk kcldttk ucd Gkvkckt jab sk Zpbjjakd kc Zb Ztbssd b skbspdcgb skd sun pkdc` lkskj` jabsu qubnn` pskjakj` jòb n' Bhbo`-ckic gbhnk Zt`kjk b pbr qubst`,jòb gkjb Hkdoenkj`, l`rsb6

Gk`, lkc gdhnk kckzk, ad kcvkdt`qudhhk nb dckob j`c n'kctbczk`cb jab p`k t`rckc` d nuk. C`c vk gucqubjdoekdobct` (cbn pkdc` gkvkc`), cj`clnktt` trd nd gksjbsd b nd rksdnktdgbnnb dckob. Kc bllbttk, jòb cbn tutt`,

kn gkvbckrb b qubst` o`c-g` gkpbcg`c` gdnn'bssbczd kctbnnbttkvd, j`s purb,cbnn'`rgkcb gbnnb dckob,nd nkebrdzk`cb gdn gkvb-ckrb pur sk j`cjknkd j`cnb prb`jjupdzk`ck gbno`cg` jrbdt`.

Wbodtkjab jòbqubnnb gbn ]drdgks ]brgut , gbn ]bjjdt`@rkhkcdnb b gbn ]bjjdt`gk @rh`hnk` sk tr`vdc`gucqub dcjab cbn I`rb I`soù , od c`c

gbv`c` ldr pbcsdrbjab n'Brobtkso` skducd lkn`s`lkd pbsskok-stkjd, lkgbkstd, trd-sjbcgbctb,vkttkok-stkjd,pb-

Cbnnb l`t`6 Knnustrdzk`ckdttrkeuktb d Fdr`Hrkboknnbr, trdttbgd uc'bgkzk`cb gbnU`sdrkuo ]akn`s`- pa`ruo gbn 42;:. Nb koodhkck sk rklb-rksj`c` dnn'@pbrd dn Cbr` b dnn'@pbrd dn U`ss`.


30/38

21 2;

cktbczkdnb b cbokjd gbn pr`hrbss`. Zktrdttd sbopnkjbobctb gk ucd j`ctdok-cdzk`cb junturdnb tkpkjd gbn skcjrbtk-so` gbnn'bp`jd ròdcd, rkbnde`rdtdpbr dnnd nujb gbnn'Brobtkso`. HnkDnjakokstk c`c j`cskgbrdc` kcldttk ndOdtbrkd ucd prkhk`cb gd juk luhhkrb,jòb hnk Hc`stkjk b hnk @rlkjk, od dnj`ctrdrk` vbg`c` kn O`cg` jòb ucnu`h` cbn qudnb hck j`sd pu trd-soutdrb sb stbssd b rdhhkuchbrb ndpr`prkd pbrlbzk`cb p`tbczkdnb.

Kn lkcb gk tutt` c`c nd Ubkctbhrd-zk`cb d uc` stdt` prbjbgbctb pbrlbtt`b pbrgut` (vkst` jab prkod sboodkrbhcdvd kn Jd`s), od ucd Bv`nuzk`cb

d uc` Ztdgk` Zupbrk`rb jab j`cgujdkn O`cg` gbnnd O`ntbpnkjkt d ttbcbrbqubnn'dut j`sjkbczd cbjbssdrkd d rbc-gbrsk j`ct` gk bssbrb Rc` j`c kn Wutt`.@hck j`sd, pbr hnk Dnjakokstk, uc]bcskbr` gbnnd Obctb gk Gk`, rdssòk-hnkdctb dn Gkvkc` cbnnd spbjkb b gkl-lbrbctb cbn hrdg`, pbrja nd Odtbrkd,sbj`cg` nd Lkskjd Cujnbdrb, c`c jabucd Knnusk`cb, kc qudct` Wutt` Bcbr-hkd b \kerdzk`cb gk gkvbrsd kctbcskt.

Nd Hn`rkd pròbssd dnn'Dnjakokstdjab jòprbcgd kn j`ctbcut` gbnnd Wd- eund gucqub pdrdh`cdeknb d qubnndgk Brobtb, jab lu p`rtdt` prbss` Gk`pbr k su`k obrktk.

C`c sk trdttd vvkdobctb gk uc prb-ok` gk juk vdctdrsk, od gk ucd rbsp`c-sdeknkt jab n'Dnjakokstd sk dssuobgdvdctk d Brobtb Wrksobhkst`, kopb-hcdcg`sk d gkvunhdrb n'Drtb b hudrkrbj`rpk b dckob. N` stbss` kcjdrkj` jab,sbj`cg` kn I`rb I`soù , lu dllkgdt`d Kskgb b @skrkgb k qudnk j`c eebr` dl`cg k sbhrbtk gbhnk sjrkttk gk Brobtbb lur`c` gd nuk kstruktk rkhudrg` dksbhrbtk `rgkcdobctk gk Gk`, gkvbcbc-g` j`s kckzkdt`rk b nbhksndt`rk gbnnb drtk pbrn'uodckt, bg dcjab gbnnb sjkbczb jòb gbnnb`jjupdzk`ck gk s`rtd6

Z`c` n`r`, jab dvbcg` dpprbs` gd Brobtb, nb j`sb gk qudhhk adcc` rkjbvut`gdn Jrbdt`rb n'`rgkcb gk p`rnb kc skopdtkd

j`c qubnnb gk ndss. Adcc` kstktukt` sunndtbrrd nb sdjrb luczk`ck vbrtkjdnobctb nbhdtbdk okstbrk gbn jkbn`. Z`c` n`r` jab, dvbcg`rkj`c`sjkut` nd j`rruttkeknkt gbk j`rpk,adcc` kchbhc`sdobctb jrbdt` n'bjjbnnbc- zd kc tutt` gbk pr`lbtk, Y_ kc o g` jab lkn`s`lkd b odhkd cutrdc` n'dckod b jab

nd obgkjkcd hudrksjd kn j`rp`, qudcg` dllnktt` gd qudnjab odnb.

K) AKJ BZW W@WKRZ L@UWKWRGKCKZ L@U -WKWRG@ L@UWKZ, TRKD \KCJBW @OCBO UBO ZREWKNBO, @OCBOTRB Z@NKGDO ]BCBWUDEKW.

K4) nd l`rzd l`rtb gk hck l`rzd, pbrjavkcjbr hck j`sd s`ttknb b pbcbtrbr hckj`sd s`nkgd.

K5)Tubstd p`tbczd p`tbctb pk gk tuttdnd p`tbczd, pbrja gòkcbr hck j`sdkopdnpdeknb b pbcbtrbr `hck j`sd s`nkgd.

Nd L`rzd l rtb gk hck L rzd (bstrdttdjk` gd uc jòp`st` obgkdctb Gkstkn-ndzk`ck rkpbtutb) n'bssbczd j`cjbctrdtdgk ucd s`stdczd j`c nd qudnb sk p`ss`c`tkchbrb, l`cgbrb b trdsl`rodrb dntrbs`stdczb. Dnjuck nd kgbctklkjdc` j`ckn \btrk`n`, ` obhnk` n'Djkg` Z`nl`rkj`,pbrja qubst` uc nkqukg` j`rr`skv`jab pu pbcbtrdrb `hck j`sd s`nkgd.

N'Djkg` Z`nl`rkj` luczk`cd, kcldttk,jòb dhbctb gkskgrdtdctb b jòb ucrbdhbctb kc qubk pr`jbssk jakokjk g`vbskd rkjakbst` ucdjkg` l`rtb kc obzz`djqu`s . utknkzzdt` kc obtdnnurhkd,cbnnd ndv`rdzk`cb b punkturd gbk obtdnnkprbzk`sk, cbnnd tkcturd gbnnd ndcd b gbnndsbtd, cbnnd pr`guzk`cb gbhnk bspn`skvk,od dcjab kc qubnnd gbnnd jdrtd pbrhd-obcd. Ad kopkbhak kc j`s tdctk jdopkgd bssbrb j`cskgbrdt`, c`c d jds`, knpk kop`rtdctb gbk pr`g`ttk jakokjk.

N) ZKJ ORCGRZ JUBDWRZ BZW. AKCJ BURCW DGD]WDWK@CBZ OKUDEKNBZ, TRD-URO O@GRZ AKJ BZW.

N4) J`s stdt` jrbdt` kn o`cg`. Gd jk sdrdcc` b gkvbrrdcc` obrdvkhnk`sk dgdttd-obctk, kn juk obt`g` quk.

N5) J`s kn o`cg` lu j rbdt`. Gd quk s`rhb-rdcc` okrdeknk j`rrksp`cgbczb9 qubstd ndn`r` rbh`nd.

Zbj`cg` n'Dut rb, tutt` qubnn` jabjk sbrvb sdpbrb pbr `pbrdrb obrdvk-hnk`sb trdsl`rodzk`ck, sk tr`vd sjrktt`cbnnb Wdeund Zodrdhgkcd. Uktr`vkd-o` nd pdr`nddgdptdtk`cb d rkedgkrbnd gkllbrbczd jab j' trd nd GkvkcktJrbdtrkjb b n'Dnjakokstd Gbokurh`.Cbn I`rb I`soù b cbn Nker` gbk Zbhrbtkgbnnd Jrbdzk`cb (jab j`ctkbcb nd c`strdWdeund) nd cdsjktd gbn O`cg` gb-sjrkttd jòb uc dtt` dnjabokj` gbnnd

Cbnn'koodhkcb6 Bsdntdzk`cb b purk- lkjdzk`cb gbn prko`

Obrjurk`, gdnndJdednd gk Ztblldc

Okjabnspdjabr


31/38


32/38


33/38


34/38


35/38


36/38

8= 84gk Gdckbnd Hdhnkdc`

bgkzk`ckhdhnkdc`Mhodkn.jò

pbr rbhcdrbcbn Odnb, cbn Zdchub, lu`rkgdnnd U`sd, cbnn'Deòkck` gbn qudttr`.

Nd Wdv`nd sk j`cjnugb j`c nd suh-hbstkvd lrdsb@skrkgb uc Gk` Cbr` ndjuk jrkptkjkt jk j`strkchb d jktdrb pbrkctbr` kn erdc` gbn nker` gk Nbvk, gdjuk trdttd6

Zbj`cg` k skoe`nk gbn ideednkso`, Gk` sboprb rdpprbsbctdt` gd ucd g`ppkdkoodhkcb, n'ucd grkttd b n'dntrd jdp`v`ntd,ucd ekdcjd b ucd cbrd. K Zdhhk adcc`v`nut` bsprkobrb kc qubst` o`g` n'bnde`-rdzk`cb kctbnnkhbctb b qubnnd v`nhdrb gbnndobgbskod kgbd, kn gk` gbnnd nujb b kn gk`gbnn'òerd9 d qubst` skoe`n` odn jò- prbs` jab eks`hcd rklbrkrb n' rkhkcb gbnn'Dad-rkodc gbk ]brskdck, qubst` drjabtkp` cbr`b gkvkc` gk tuttk k go`ck9 kn s`hc` gbn rbkclbrcdnb, kcld

La Tavola Di Smeraldo Numero Speciale OUROBOROS ANNO 3 n° 2 e 3 - 2014

Documents

Transcript of La Tavola Di Smeraldo Numero Speciale OUROBOROS ANNO 3 n° 2 e 3 - 2014