Guida al Computer - Sintesi Lezioni 31-40

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Lgs` xbdy VHC7 Nhh dx xg tgpr _`nhdjk Ldyx. 8 mgldvrdjx*iga'ank

xb`kgghlt*iga

KPDHN NL IGAVPX@_ ! YDJX@YD L@]DGJD9>!86

O`jxgrjnxg'n Kgghld`r*@iigxd nl igjyp`xg rd`vdlgkg h`ll` hìnhd*Ir`hg ib` y`j}n hpoodg, igjxrnhhdidad vpr` y` jgjy`d h—niigrhg, ~p`yxn hình` ydn yxnxn ln vdô v`rcgr!

anjx` xrn l` 8 dj ~pnjxg bnd igjgyidpxg l` xìjdib`,ib` hdidla`jx` djigjxr`rnd, iga` ln ir`n}dgj` hdpjn xpn igjkprn}dgj` bnrh{nr`*Â yxnxg dl vrdag ynlxg hd ~pnldxæ dj ~pnjxg bnd xgiinxgigj anjg ln ir`nxdsdxæ*

Pjg yxrpa`jxg ib` xd v`ra`xx`ræ hd hds`jxnr` pjcpxprg Hgadjnxgr` h`l Igavpx`r ` vgx`r yi`kld`r`hnss`rg dl igavpx`r ib` cn v`r x`* An ln s`rn yghhdy!cn}dgj` ynræ ~pnjhg igjkpr`rnd `h nyyàol`rndpj igavpx`r v`r ~pnlib` xpg'n igjgyi`jx` ib` xd

hdræ= An iga` bnd cnxxg7 @ xp cnjnxdig rdyvgjh`rnd=yàvldi`, dg ygjg pj Kgghld`r* @ lpd= Ib````7N ~p`l vpjxg xp yvd`kb`rnd iga` y`d rdpyidxg n rnk!kdpjk`r` xnl` rdyplxnxg* @h dg djhdr`xxna`jx` vprjgj igjgyi`jhgxd, cgry`, y`j}n ̀ yy`r` igjynv`sgl`h`ll` xp` nss`jxpr` djcgranxdib`, ad y`jxdrÿ yxrngr!hdjnrdna`jx` krnxdinxg h`l ypii`yyg ib` gxx`rrnd*

Ln adn krnjh` yghhdycn}dgj` y`d xp ̀ h dl jpa`rg hdl`xxgrd ib` npa`jxnjg, y`vvpr l`jxna`jx`, a`y`hgvg a`y` nlipjd h`d ~pnld ad jgxdinjg dl lgrg djx`!

r`yy` j`l l`kk`r` ~p`yxg ydxg igj @!andl ̀ igaa`jxdrdi`spxd j`ll` snrd` vdnxxncgra` dj ipd vpooldig dlanx`rdnl` hdhnxxdig*H`xxg ~p`yxg rdnyypag dl v`rigryg h`ll` plxda` >6l`}dgjd vrdan hd ynlxnr` plx`rdgra`jx` hd lds`llg*

Pxdld}}njhg pj igjkprnxgr` vgxrnd njhnr` dj pjj`kg}dg `h ni~pdyxnr` dl xpg vrdag VI*Djcnxxd krn}d` nd igjkprnxgrd y`kpdrnd pjn vrg!i`hprn kpdhnxn `h nyydyxdxn hnl vrgkrnaan yx`yygib` krn}d` n h`d lxrd xd v`ra`xx`ræ hd nyygidnr` dsnrd igavgj`jxd pjg hgvg l—nlxrg dj vd`jn ydipr`}}n

` igavnxdodldxæ* D vrdad lxrd dj nyyglpxg ynrnjjgln xpn a`jx` `h dl xpg vgrxncgkldg dj ~pnjxg hìd!h`rnd anrin, agh`llg, inrnxx`rdyxdib` ` vr`}}g h`dsnrd igavgj`jxd* Ypii`yydsna`jx` `jxrn dj kdgig

dl ygcx{nr` pxdld}}nxg ypd ydxd ib` xd vrgvgrræ yglg digavgj`jxd igavnxdodld igj ln xpn yi`lxn djd}dnl`*

Y` jgj j` igjgyid nlipjg, l—nii`yyg nd igjkprnxgrdnssd`j` xrnadx` d agxgrd hd rdi`rin yp djx`rj`x* Hg!srnd yàvldià`jx` hdkdxnr` nll—djx`rjg h`l inavghd rdi`rin vnrgl` iga`= “IGJCDKP_NXG_D VI‑ `vrà`r` djsdg*Xd yd nvrdræ pjn vnkdjn h`d rdyplxnxd grknjdid j`lln~pnl` xrgs`rnd xrn d snrd ̀ ydxd h`lln rdi`rin nlipjd ydxdib` a`xxgjg n hdyvgyd}dgj` ~p`yxg vrgkrnaan*

Ildiin yp nlipjd hd ̀ yyd ̀ h ̀ jxr`rnd dj pj jpgsg aghghd ni~pdyxnr` pj igavpx`r*

Hnxxd ~pnlib` yìgjhg v`r invdr` ln ibdns` hdl`xxprn h`lln vnkdjn {ò, dj ~pnjxg xrgs`rndpj—djx`rcniidn xpxx—nlxrg ib` yinrjn v`ribä jgjh`hdinxn nl yglg yigvg hd igjckprnr` dl VI* Djhdsd!hpn ln }gjn, s`rgydadla`jx` nl i`jxrg h`lln vnkdjng h`lnxn lnx`rnla`jx`, hgs` vgx`r nii`h`r` nllnvrgi`hprn kpdhnxn*

Y` jgj y`d ̀ yv`rxg j`d igjkprnxgrd dj ~pnjxg ld bndigjgyidpxd yglg igj ~p`yxn ydjx`yd jgj xd vr`giip!vnr`* Yanj`xxn vpr` y`j}n vrgolàd5 hnjjd jgjvpgd igavd`rld, l` yi`lx` ygjg r`s`rydodld, njg!jda` ̀ ygvrnxxpxxg jgj h`cjdxds` v`r l—ni~pdyxg*Grn dl xpg yigvg â igavr`jh`r`, r`nld}}nr` igynk`j`rnjg l` xp` y`l`}dgjd j`l igjckprnxgr`, hgvgnj`rnd ln yi`lxn igavr`jh`jhg l` inrnxx`rdy!xdib` h`d igavgj`jxd ̀ h djcj` r`nld}}`rnd ln xpnigjkprn}dgj` h`jdxdsn*

L` vrda` yi`lx` ynrnjjg r`lnxds` nl vrgi`yygr` "Djx`l

a`rigl`hì >> k`jjndg ?6>?

b x x v = ' ' { { { * x

b ` k g g h l t * i

g a ' ? 6 > ? ' 6 > ' k p d h n ! n

l ! i g a v p x `

r ! y d j x ` y d ! l ` } d g j d ! 9 > ! 8

6 * b

x a l

Vnk` >

Inrlg

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xb`kgghlt*iga

KPDHN NL IGAVPX@_ ! YDJX@YD L@]DGJD 9>!86

g NAH$ ̀ h nlln yib`hn anhr`* D vdlnyxrd h`l xpg iga!vpx`r* Ypii`yydsna`jx` dj inyinxn nsrnd sdypnld}}nxdkld nlxrd*

D igjkprnxgrd ib` bg h`yirdxxg ̀ yv`rda`jxnxg v`rx` j`ll` l`}dgjd r`lnxds` ygjg yxnxd=Dj ̀ yyd xrgs`rnd ln ldyxn h`d igavgj`jxd djyxnllnodld djpj igavpx`r* ̂ pnlipjg ynræ vdô g a`jg igavl`xgh`ll—nlxrg, dj ~pnjxg xd v`ra`xx`ræ njib` hd y`l`}dg!

jnr` d igavgj`jxd `yx`rjd nl igavpx`r ` ygcx{nr`snrd, an dl rdyplxnxg dj gkjd inyg â yxrngrhdjnrdg*Ildi hgvg ildi igavgrrnd dl xpg igavpx`r ̀ lg yxnxpyh`l igjkprnxgr` xd vr`y`jx`ræ dj xàvg r`nl` lnldyxn nkkdgrjnxn ` ln yv`yn r`lnxdsn* Djglxr` dj inyghd ̀ rrgr` lg yxnxg h`l igjkprnxgr` x` lg jgxdib`ræigj pj inaodna`jxg hd iglgr` hn s`rh` n rgyyg gigy` h`l k`j`r`*

Vrdan hd gkjd ydjkgln yi`lxn vgxrnd igjyplxnr` ln vr`!}dgyn yib`hn xìjdin ib` niigavnkjn gkjd igavg!

j`jx` ̀ y` s`rg ib` vgxr`yxd jgj igavr`jh`r` jpllnh`ll` ydkl` ̀ 'g jpa`rd ib` igavndgjg, â nlxr`xxnjxgs`rg ib` hnjhgxd pj vg— hd xàvg ` igjcrgjxnjhgl` snrd` igjkprn}dgjd rdpyidrnd n igavr`jh`r` lnibdns` hd l`xxprn h`ll` inrnxx`rdyxdib` ` cnr xpg dlvrgi`yyg hd yi`lxn*

Dj gkjpjg h`d igjkprnxgrd, dj k`j`r`, hgsrnd `vgxrnd y`l`}dgjnr` njib` dl ydyxàn gv`rnxdsg `h`s`jxpnld nlxrd ygcx{nr` hn djyxnllnr` ypl xpg VI *Y` lg h`ydh`rd y`l`}dgjn njib` l—nyyàolnkkdg h`l

igavpx`r n vnkna`jxg, gyydn dl agjxnkkdg, v`r rdy!vnradnrxd ~p`yx—n}dgj`*

Dj ydjx`yd v`r davnrnr` n vrgk`xxnr` hn yglg pjnigjkprn}dgj` lnjidnxd j`lln yhn ` hds`rxdxd `y`r!idxnjhgxd vdô sglx` j`l ir`nr` snrd` igjkprn}dgjdigavl`x`, inaodnjhg d igavgj`jxd igj anrib` àgh`lld ̀ ygvrnxxpxxg x`yxnjhg igj l` hp` hdcc`r`jxdcnadkld` Djx`l `h NAH* Idÿ xd v`ra`xx`ræ hd invdr`l` ycpanxpr` xrn l` hp` cnadkld` igavr`jh`jhg lnhdcc`r`j}n xrn l` ydkl` h`ll—pjn ` h`ll—nlxrn* Ln xpnigjynv`sgl`}}n h`s` ̀ yy`r` rdc`rdxn nl cnxxg ib` jgj

h`sd ir`nr` pjn igjkprn}dgj` v`r ni~pdyxnr` dlxpg VI, an yglg vr`jh`r` hpidn ̀ igjgyi`j}n h`digjkprnxgrd*

Yglg ~pnjhg xd rdx`rrnd igav`x`jx̀ , hìdh`rnd hd lnj!idnrxd j`lln igjkprn}dgj` jnl` h—ni~pdyxg* Hgvg~p`yxg vnyyg “H@SD‑ igjhdsdh`r` ~p`yxg vdiiglgxrpiig nll` v`rygj` h`lln xpn i`ribdn* Idÿ ib` da!vnrd djy`kjnlg* Davnr`rnd njigrn hd vdô*

Grn spgd yi`jh`r` `h njhnr` dj pj j`kg}dg nh ni!~pdyxnr` dl xpg o`l VI g jg7

Yv`rg xp noodn igavr`yg, hgvg ln l`}dgj` ypll—ni!~pdyxg, ib` hgsrnd cnr` pj ynlxg, yglg v`r hgs`rìrgjglgkdig, dj ~pnlib` j`kg}dg hd krnjhd i`jxrd hdhdyxrdop}dgj` v`r s`h`r` y` pjn igjkprn}dgj` sd!idjn nlln xpn vgyyn xrgsnryd dj gcc`rxn yvìdnl`, anvgd rìnxd j`l j`kg}dg yvìdnld}}nxg dj s`jhdxn hdnrxdigld djcgranxdid* Hn j`yypjn nlxrn vnrx`* Dl xpgnjdag ynræ iglag hd krnxdin}dgj` ̀ ygvrnxxpxxg dl

xpg vgrxncgkldg rdanrræ pj vg— a`jg l`kk`rg* Nb,kdæ pyd ln inrxn‣ Igyì x` ln ilgjnjg‣ 5!$

Onxxpx` n vnrx` ni~pdyx`rnd pj igavpx`r yxrngr!hdjnrdna`jx` nh`kpnxg nll` xp` jì`yydxæ `h dlvr`}}g, ~pdjhd, ynræ yxr`xxna`jx` igrr`lnxg nll—pygib` j` cnrnd* Ynrnd yxnxg ìnidyydag v`ribä ynrædl igavpx`r ib` XP nsrnd ir`nxg*

Y` igapj~p` jgj spgd yhnrxd ` a`xx`rxd dj kdgigigjkprnjhg dl VI hn yglg, rìnxd igapj~p` dj pjj`kg}dg yvìdnld}}nxg v`r ni~pdyxnr` dl xpg igavpx`r*Xrgs`rnd igavpx`r nyyàolnxd igj inrnxx`rdyxdib` hd!s`ry` n yìgjhn h`ll—pyg ib` vpgd cnrj` ̀ ibd`h`jhg,nd rnkn}}d vr`vnrnxd ib` sd lnsgrnjg, rnkkdpjk`rndlg yigvg ni~pdyxnjhg dl igavpx`r vdô sdidjg nll` xp`jì`yydxæ ̀ rdygry` ̀ igjgadib`*

L—ni~pdyxg j`d krnjhd i`jxrd lg h`sd ̀ cc`xxpnr` yglgy` ln igjkprn}dgj` hn x` yi`lxn yd nssdidjn nh pjg


b x x v = ' ' { { { * x

b ` k g g h l t * i

g a ' ? 6 > ? ' 6 > ' k p d h n ! n

l ! i g a v p x `

r ! y d j x ` y d ! l ` } d g j d ! 9 > ! 8

6 * b

x a l

Vnk` ?



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xb`kgghlt*iga


h`d VI vrgvgyxd, an dj gcc`rxn yvìdnl`* @ igjxrgllnib` jgj ydn pj—gcc`rxn yvìdnl` hn plxdag v`}}g`yvgyxg dj s`xrdjn dj ~pnjxg ~p`yxd v`}}d, iga`nsrnd ydiprna`jx` jgxnxg hn `yv`rd`j}n v`ryg!jnl`, ygjg n hdr`xxg igjxnxxg igl vgx`j}dnl` ild`jxìb` vpÿ o`jdyydag “djx`rnkdr`‑ igj lg yx`yyg‣

Y` y`d dj`yv`rxg'n vgxr`yxd jàa`jg ynv`r` h`ll—`ydy!x`j}n hd j`kg}d yvìdnld}}nxd hd s`jhdxn hd xnld vrg!

hgxxd, v`r vgx`r r`jh`r` ìni` dl xpg ni~pdyxg* Xdrdsglk`rnd ~pdjhd nd krnjhd i`jxrd ̀ igyn niinhræ7‣*Y` njigrn jgj lg bnd cnxxg yinrdinxd l—ògge krnxpdxgib` xd bg vr`vnrnxg Igavpx`r ’ Kpdhn nll—ni~pdyxg

Igjgyi`rnd pj vg— a`kldg igyn hgsrnd nccrgjxnr`*^p`yxg ògge xd cgrjdræ pjn ony` h—djcgran}dgjd

v`r igavr`jh`r` i`rx` ycpanxpr` ̀ h nrrdsnr` vr`!vnrnxg nlln cny` hd ni~pdyxg hd pj igavpx`r* Jgjxnjxg xìjdina`jx`, vdpxxgyxg iplxprnla`jx`* @y!y`r` igjynv`sgl` h`l xpg xnrk`x, h`l xpg o`rynkldg,h`ll` xp` jì`yydxæ j`ll—pyg ib` cnrnd h`l igavpx`r*

Igj `yyg vgxrnd cnrxd pjn i`rxn iplxprn hn pxdld}!}nr` n xpg cnsgr` hprnjx` l—ni~pdyxg hd pj VI*^p`yxg v`ribä yv`yyg bg sdyxg j`lln i`ribdn hdv`rygj` igj ipd ad djx`rcniidg, ib` vgyyd`hgjgpj igavpx`r ygsrnhda`jydgjnxg v`r l—pyg ib` j`

cnjjg* Dl rdyplxnxg â gssdna`jx` pjn yv`yn glxr`!aghg djnh`kpnxn ̀ ~pdjhd pj anjinxg rdyvnradg*

Hgvg ln l`xxprn, jd`jx` vdô xrnvvgl` h`l s`jhdxgr` krn!}d` nll—ni~pdyd}dgj` hd pj—nh`kpnxn nipx`}}n a`jxnl`*Ynvrnd ~pnl` igavpx`r igrrdyvgjh` nll` xp` j`!i`yydxæ h—pyg*

Nlln j` dl xpg kpnhnkjg ynræ hgvvdg= Yv`jh`rnda`jg yglhd `h nsrnd ln i`rx`}}n hd ni~pdyxnr` dlVI ib` cn v`r x`*

Pjn sglxn ni~pdydx` i`rx` ycpanxpr` vgxr`yxd nhhd!rdxxprn igjhdsdh`rl` igj nlxr` v`rygj` yàvldi`!a`jx` nhgxxnjhg dl aghpy= dg bg cnxxg igyì‣

Cgra h—dyird}dgj`

Nxx`rrnxg yplln vnkdjn hd vr`y`jxn}dgj` h`ll—òggel`kkd l` inrnxx`rdyxdib` `h d o`jìd h`l r`vgrx `h

djj` djy`rdyid pj xpg djhdrd}}g @!andl snldhg, nl~pnl` vgxrÿ djsdnrxd dl ldje v`r dl hg{jlgnh ̀ h dlxpg jga` g ygvrnjjga`*Hgvg ib` lg nsrnd yinrd!inxg vgxrnd igjyplxnrlg xrnj~pdllna`jx` krn}d` nhpj l`xxgr` VHC ypl VI g nlxrg hdyvgydxdsg vgrxnxdl`gvvpr` yxnavnrlg*

Hgvg ib` bnd davnrnxg n igjkprnr` pj VI, lg bndni~pdyxnxg `h nyyàolnxg* Pj v`rigryg hprnxg hd!s`ry` y`xxdanj`, an nlln j` xd bn vgrxnxg i`rxn!a`jx` nh ns`r nvvr`yg l` n}dgjd onydlnrd v`r nyyà!

olnr` pj igavpx`r dj anjd`rn h`l xpxxg npxgjgan` ydiprn* Pj djirà`jxg hd igav`x`j}` nl hd ygvrnh`lln a`hdn, jgj ir`hd*

^pnjhg bnd hd crgjx` gkjd ydjkglg v`}}g h`l xpgigavpx`r hnvvrdan cnd pj rnvdhg r`ygigjxg v`rsnlpxnr` y` anjin ~pnligyn hgvghdibä a`xxdxdnll—gv`rn* V`r lnsgrnr` dj ydipr`}}n xd bg vrgvgyxgl—pyg hd pj nrx`cnxxg v`r ̀ snh`r` l` igrr`jxd ̀ l`xxrgy!xnxdib` ib` vgyygjg niipaplnryd ypl xpg igrvg `hnjj`kkdnr` d igavgj`jxd h`l VI*

Pj v`}}g hd lg hd rna` noonyxnj}n lpjkg hn nrrg!xglnr` nl xpg vglyg iga` pj orniidnl`xxg ̀ igll`knr`nh pj vpjxg hd x`rrn, iga` pj x`ragydcgj`* Pj—nlxrnrniiganjhn}dgj` rdkpnrhn l` yinxgl`* Vrdan hd k`x!xnrl` djcgranxd j`l j`kg}dg hgs` bnd ni~pdyxnxg dlVI nyyàolnxg gh d igavgj`jxd y` vpgd ldo`rna`jx`k`xxnrl`* Dj nlipjd inyd ygjg rdibd`yx` glxr` lg yigj!xrdjg v`r jgj djsnldhnr` ln knrnj}dn*

Ln vrdan igyn â vr`jh`r` ln yib`hn anhr` yplln~pnl` hgsrnd djy`rdr` dl vrgi`yygr` j`l Ygie`x r`ln!


b x x v = ' ' { { { * x

b ` k g g h l t * i

g a ' ? 6 > ? ' 6 > ' k p d h n ! n

l ! i g a v p x `

r ! y d j x ` y d ! l ` } d g j d ! 9 > ! 8

6 * b

x a l

Vnk` 9



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xb`kgghlt*iga


xdsg hgvg ns`r rdagyyg dl olgiig v`r ln IVP* Djhdsd!hpn ln kpdhn v`r l—djy`rda`jxg ` vgd y`rrnlg iglolgiig aìinjdig ̀ yvnlanid ygvrn pjn v`lldigln hdvnyxn x`ragigjhpxxdsn v`r adkldgrnr` dl igjxnxxgxrn dl vrgi`yygr` ̀ h dl hdyydvnxgr` ib` nllgkk`rnd yphd `yyg* Olgiin l` sdxd h`l hdyydvnxgr` igj pjn y`!~p`j}n nh djirgidg gvvpr` ycrpxxnjhg l—nl`xxn hdy`rrnkkdg* Igll`kn lg yvdjgxxg IVP CNJ nlln AO*

Ygie`x v`r I*V*P*

Grn vr`jhd d onjibd h`lln _*N*A* ̀ hgvg ns`r djhd!sdhpnxg l` kpdh` `h nllnrknxg d olgiibd aìinjdid,djy`rdyidj` pjg v`r sglxn jg n onxxpxn* Lg yinxxghd jgxdib`ræ l—djy`rda`jxg igrr`xxg*

Grn vr`jhd dl inodj`x `h nvrd d vnjj`lld lnx`rnld `h`s`jxpnla`jx` ~p`llg ypv`rdgr`*

Vgyd}dgjn d hdyxnj}dnxgrd dj igrrdyvgjh`j}n h`d cgrdnd ~pnld nssdx`rnd ln yib`hn anhr`* Ncc`rrn ln xpnyib`hn anhr`, djy`rdyidln nll—djx`rjg ̀ h nssdxnln ndhdyxnj}dnxgrd* Y` jì`yynrdg djy`rdyid pjn anyib`!rdjn hd igv`rxprn h`d igjj`xxgrd r`xrg h`lln AO ib`vgxrnd xrgsnr` j`lln yinxgln h`lln yx`yyn*

Dl igll`kna`jxg h`lln yib`hn krnin hdv`jh` hnlxdvg hd djx`rcniidn hd ~p`lln ib` bnd ni~pdyxnxg* I`r!xna`jx` ynræ hd xdvg VID @vr`yy v`ribä rì`jx`*Djhdsdhpn ln yxrpxxprn igyxrpxxdsn ">, 8, 2 g >3

$ `h dl igrrdyvgjh`jx` ylgx** Nlldj`n, vràd ` y`rrn*

Ylgx VID @vr`yyN ~p`yxg vpjxg vr`jhd l—nlda`jxnxgr`, djy`rdyidlg

j`lln y`}dgj` gvvgrxpjn ` olgiinlg nl iny` igj l`yp` 8 sdxd, yàvr` igj y`~p`j}n nh djirgidg*

Vr`jhd dl igjj`xxgr` Agl` "hd vlnyxdin$ anyibdg n?6 vd`hdjd "dl vdô krnjh`$ ̀ h djhdsdhpn l—`~pdsnl`jx`càadjn yplln yib`hn anhr` djhdinxn hd jgran igjln y`rdkrnn NXRV[_> g @NXRV[_ g igy` h`l k`!j`r`*

Igjj`xxgr` ?6'?8 vdj NXRV[_>


b x x v = ' ' { { { * x

b ` k g g h l t * i

g a ' ? 6 > ? ' 6 > ' k p d h n ! n

l ! i g a v p x `

r ! y d j x ` y d ! l ` } d g j d ! 9 > ! 8

6 * b

x a l

Vnk` 8









xb`kgghlt*iga


Y` d igjj`xxgr` â igavgyxg hn hp` y`}dgjd ?6 % 8vdj igjxrglln dl igrrdyvgjh`jx` yplln AO* Y` dh`jxdig vrgi`hd nll—djy`rda`jxg nlxrda`jxd vg!xròo` ̀ yy`r` jì`yynrdg y`vnrnr` l` hp` y`}dgjd ̀~pdjhd igll`knr` dl 8 vdj nllg yvdjgxxg “NXR>?S>‑*

Igjj`xxgrd Agl` V`r dl hdyig rdkdhg inlan, inlan5 h`ldinx`}}n j`ll`gv`rn}dgjd* Xd rdigrhg ib` ln s`lgidxæ h`kld BH snrdnhnd vdô l`jxd, v`r aghg hd hdr`, n 0866 kdrd nl ad!jpxg jg nd vdô v`rcgranjxd n >6666 kdrd nl adjpxg*

@sdxn prxd hprnjx` l—djy`rda`jxg ̀ h nib` hd apgs`r`dl VI g kld yx`yyd hprnjx` dl cpj}dgjna`jxg*V`r dl igll`kna`jxg kpnrhn j`l r`xrg g yplln yinxgln

v`r rdigjgyi`r` l—djx`rcniidn* An xp kdæ lg ynd sdyxgib` l—bnd igavrnxg hn yglg'n*

Nh gkkd nsrnd ni~pdyxnxg pj BH n yxrpxxprn Y*N*X*N*` vr`y`jxn ? yvdjgxxd nhdni`jxd, pjg v`r l—nlda`j!xn}dgj` vdnxxg ` vdô krnjh` ` l—nlxrg v`r d hnxdvdnxxg ` vdiiglg5 `jxrnaod igj pjn xniin kpdhnnh pjg h`kld yvdkgld* Igll`knld i`rinjhg l` yx`yy`djx`rcnii` yplln yib`hn anhr` ̀ h dj pyidxn hnll—nld!a`jxnxgr`* V`r ~p`yx—plxdag vgxròo` `yy`r` j`!i`yynrdg pj nhnxxnxgr`*Dj inyg hd pj yìgjhg BH rdv`xd l—gv`rn}dgj` igll`!knjhglg nll—djx`rcniidn Y*N*X*N* j¶?*

^pnjxg nd l`xxgrd y`j}n hdlpjknrad xrgvvg rdv`r!igrrd ln vrgi`hprn v`r dl hdyig rdkdhg `h dl kdgig âcnxxg* Dj vdô hgsrnd igll`knr` l—pyidxn nphdg nl igr!rdyvgjh`jx` yvdjgxxg yplln AO y`rdkrncnxg igj “Np!hdg DJ‑, “IH DJ‑, IH> g ydkl` ydadld*L` v`rdc`rdib` V*I*D* l` igll`kb`rnd dj anjd`rn yd!adl` nlln xpn yib`hn krnin* L—pjdin hdcc`r`j}nynræ l—djx`rcniidn nlln ~pnl` hgsrnd igll`knrl`5djhdsdhpnl` `h pjn v`r pjn nlldj`n, djy`rdyid `

y`rrn igj sdx` an`yxrg'n*

L—`s`jxpnl` s`jxgln npydldnrdn ln igll`kb`rnd y`rrnj!hgln nlln krdkldn h`l iny` igj l` yp` sdxd ̀ vgd djhdsd!hpn lg yvdjgxxg, v`r nlda`jxnrln, yplln AO5 ynræy`rdkrncnxg igj “IBN CNJ‑ "Ibnyydy Cnj$ g “V[_CNJ‑ "Vg{`r Cnj$ g ~pnligyn h`l k`j`r`*

Grn y` spgd ln vnrx` vdô jgdgyn* Hgsrnd igll`knr` dinsd djx`rjd nl iny`*Xnld ld ygjg rdc`rdodld nll` vgrx` P*Y*O* crgjxnld, nll—dj!

x`rrpxxgr` hd nii`jydgj` “V[_OXJ‑ "Vg{`r Opxxgj$g ¥VG[@_ Y[µ "Vg{`r Y{dxib$, nl vplynjx` hd _`y`xh`l igavpx`r “_@Y@X Y[‑, nl l`h hd yxnxg nii`yg h`lVI “V L@H‑ "Vg{`r L`h$, nl l`h hd lnsgrg'cpj}dgjn!a`jxg h`l hdyig rdkdhg “BHH L@H‑ ̀ l—nlxgvnrlnjx`djx`rjg*

Â xpxxg noonyxnj}n yàvldi`* V`r igll`knrld, vr`jhdgkjd igvvdn hd ld, l`kkd igyn i—â yirdxxg ygvrn `hdjhdsdhpn ln yx`yyn ydkln yp pjn }gjn h`lln AO dj ipdid ygjg pjn y`rd` hd vd`hdjd nhdni`jxd l—pj l—nlxrg ̀ h

`xdib`xxnxd igj “VNJ@L >‑, “C VNJ@L‑g ydkl` ydad!lnrd*


b x x v = ' ' { { { * x

b ` k g g h l t * i

g a ' ? 6 > ? ' 6 > ' k p d h n ! n

l ! i g a v p x `

r ! y d j x ` y d ! l ` } d g j d ! 9 > ! 8

6 * b

x a l

Vnk` 0









xb`kgghlt*iga


Yvdjgxxd djx`rcnii` crgjxnld Yplln AO nsrnd jgxnxg cgry` ln vr`y`j}n hd pjn onx!x`rdn, h`xxn xnavgj`* Yd r`jh` jì`yynrdn v`r anj!

x`j`r` dj aàgrdn d hnxd hd y`xxnkkdg h`l vrg!krnaan O*D*G*Y* Dl vrdag vrgkrnaan ib` yd nssdn ~pnjhg nii`jhdpj igavpx`r ` ib` yd giipvn hd `y`kpdr` nlipjdigjxrglld vrdan hd nssdnr` dl ydyxàn gv`rnxdsg*

Y`j}n ln onxx`rdn g y` cgyy` yinrdin dl VI cpj}dg!j`ræ, an jgj ns`jhg ln invnidxæ hd anjx`j`r`dj aàgrdn xnld vnrna`xrd "igavr`yn grn `kdgrjg ib` pxdld}}`rnd iga` djhdinxgr` hd vdlnyinrdin y` hgsrnd cr`~p`jxà`jx` nkkdgrjnrld$

xd jgxdib`ræ xnl` vrgolànxdin nh gkjd nssdg* V`r ygyxdxpdrln, pxdld}}n ln anjg gh pj vdiiglg kdrn!sdx` nh djxnkldg v`r yvgyxnr` ln agll`xxn hd olgiiglnx`rnl`* Hgvg ln rdag}dgj` vr`jhd pjn jpgsn onx!x`rdn ` vràdln l`kk`ra`jx` j`lln y`h` jg nllgyinxxg*Gv`rn}dgj` igll`knxn dj i`rxg aghg nlln onxx`rdnxnavgj` â ln vr`y`j}n hdpj vgjxdi`llg ib` xd v`r!a`xx` hd r`y`xxnr`'inji`llnr` d hnxd hd y`xxnkkdgh`l O*D*G*Y* y` jì`yynrdg* Dj ldj`n hd anyydan lnvrgi`hprn hd inji`lln}dgj` h`lln aàgrdn h`d vn!rna`xrd h`l O*D*G*Y* yd `y`kp` djy`r`jhg dl vgjxd!i`llg hd r`y`x ibdnanxg “IL@N_ IAGY MPAV@_‑ xrn

hp` vd`hdjd v`r vgd rdvgyd}dgjnrlg j`llg yxnxg jgr!anl`*

Grn ibdphd dl xpg inodj`x djy`r`jhg d vnjj`lld hda`xnllg ̀ nssdxnjhg l` sdxd ̀ yx`rj`*Igll`knr` d hdyvgydxdsd ̀ yx`rjd nl VI vnrx`jhg hn xny!xd`rn ` agpy`* Y` l—djx`rcniidn â P*Y*O* jplln hd vdôcnidl`5 igll`knld hdr`xxna`jx` nll` vgrx` r`xrg* Nlx`r!jnxds` vgyygjg ̀ yy`r` yvdjgxxd igj yxnjhnrh V'Y? hd

iglgr` s`rh` v`r agpy` ` sdgln v`r ln xnyxd`rn* Dj!hdsdhpnld, nlldj`nld ̀ h djy`rdyidld*V`r dl agjdxgr vr`jhd dl xpg insg hd igll`kna`jxgxdvg SKN, HSD g BHAD ̀ rdl`sn l—djx`rcniidn vr`y`jx`j`l r`xrg h`llg yx`yyg ̀ h`lln yib`hn anhr`* Djy`rdy!idlg ̀ j`l inyg vr`y`jxd h`ll` sdxd y`rrnl` nlx`rjnjhgl—nssdxna`jxg*

L` inyy` nipyxdib` igll`knl` nll—pyidxn nphdg h`llnyib`hn anhr`= mnie hd iglgr` s`rh`*V`r dl aghà'rgpx`r hgsrnd igll`knr` ln vr`yn @xb`r!

j`x, xrnadx` dl insg r`lnxdsg, nlln yx`yyn h`l xpg VI*Dl hgvvdjg x`l`cgjdig vrgs`jd`jx` hnl aprg hgsrndigll`knrlg nh pj lxrg v`r jgj hdyxpronr` l` xp`x`l`cgjnx` igj pj crpyidg hd ygxxgcgjhg* L—pyidxn h`llxrg igll`knln nll—djkr`yyg h`l rgpx`r djhdinxg igjln ydkln “X@L‑, “Vbgj`‑ g “HYL‑*

Grn igll`kn xpxxd d hdyvgydxdsd nlln vr`yn hd igrr`jx`xrnadx` pjn idnonxxn `l`xxrdin g njigr a`kldg nlkrpvvg hd igjxdjpdxæ*

@s`jxpnld nlxr` v`rdc`rdib` igj djx`rcniidn P*Y*O*iga` {òina, yxnavnjx ,̀ yinjj`r, xnsgl`xxnkrnin, l` igll`kb`rnd hprnjx` dl vrgi`yyg h—djyxnl!ln}dgj` h`ll` yx`yy` krn}d` nh pjn vrgi`hprn kpd!hnxn "{d}nrh$*Vr`yxg nii`jh`rnd dl xpg o`l igavpx`r, grn yxphdn,Yxnt Xpj`h Kgghld`r ̀ h nlln vrgyydan Idng*

InrlgCgxg hd=Igavpx`r Kpdhn nll—ni~pdyxg ’ Xb`Kgghlt bxxv=''igavpx`rkpdhnnllni~pdyxg*olgkyvgx*iga Cgra h—dyird}dgj` ’ Xb`Kgghltbxxv=''igavpx`rkpd!hnnllni~pdyxg*olgkyvgx*iga


b x x v = ' ' { { { * x

b ` k g g h l t * i

g a ' ? 6 > ? ' 6 > ' k p d h n ! n

l ! i g a v p x `

r ! y d j x ` y d ! l ` } d g j d ! 9 > ! 8

6 * b

x a l

Vnk` 3



http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS











http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS







xb`kgghlt*iga


Ygie`x v`r I*V*P* ’ ]digj bxxv=''{{{*dier*iga'vbgxgy'}digj'?94690>>;8' Ylgx VID @vr`yy ’ ]digj bxxv=''{{{*dier*iga'vbgxgy'}digj'?94690>>;8' Igjj`xxgr` ?6'?8 vdj NXRV[_> ’ Gyh`2djcg bxxv=''{{{*dier*iga'vbgxgy'gyh`!djcg'??4864>6?9' Igjj`xxgrd Agl` ’ LneybJanre bxxv=''{{{*dier*iga'vbgxgy'bnrrdya'?80>493988' Yvdjgxxd djx`rcnii` crgjxnld ! @hapjh Xy` bxxv=''

{{{*dier*iga'vbgxgy'xy``hapjh'920469;;83'7r`k1>#yri1cns ̀


b x x v = ' ' { { { * x

b ` k g g h l t * i

g a ' ? 6 > ? ' 6 > ' k p d h n ! n

l ! i g a v p x `

r ! y d j x ` y d ! l ` } d g j d ! 9 > ! 8

6 * b

x a l

Vnk` ;



http://www.flickr.com/photos/zicon/2390351174/




http://www.flickr.com/photos/osde-info/2294091023/


http://www.flickr.com/photos/harrism/2451936344/


http://www.flickr.com/photos/tseedmund/3859037746/?reg=1&src=fave

















Guida al Computer - Sintesi Lezioni 31-40

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Transcript of Guida al Computer - Sintesi Lezioni 31-40