Diagnóstico rápido, auto-test y prevención post...
Transcript of Diagnóstico rápido, auto-test y prevención post...
Diagnóstico rápido, auto-test y prevención post-exposición a las ITS
Pep Coll
Institut de Recerca de la Sida-IrsiCaixa
BCN Checkpoint
• ¿Cómo podemos diagnosticar más rápidamente las ITS?
• ¿Cómo podemos facilitar el diagnostico de ITS?
• ¿Es posible prevenir algunas ITS… sin preservativo?
• BCN Checkpoint, creado en el 2006, fue el
primer centro comunitario que introdujo la
prueba rápida del VIH en España
• POINT OF CARE TEST
DIAGNÓSTICO RÁPIDO
• Test rápido de sífilis • Ac treponémicos
• 20 minutos
• No válido si antecedentes de sífilis
DIAGNÓSTICO RÁPIDO
• Técnicas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos (PCR) • Clamidia y gonococo
• VHC
• VIH
• Resultados en 90 minutos
• GeneXpert®
OTRAS PCR
• PCR Multiplex • Clamidia y gonococo
• Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Trichomona vaginalis
• PCR úlcera genital • Herpes, Sífilis, LGV
DIAGNÓSTICO RÁPIDO técnicas “clásicas” • Visualización en microscopio de campo oscuro de Treponema pallidum
DIAGNÓSTICO RÁPIDO
PROS
• Tratamiento precoz
• Tratamiento etiológico
• Menor periodo de transmisión
• Notificación de contactos
• Menos pérdidas de seguimiento
• Mayor satisfacción del usuario
CONTRAS
• No disponibilidad
• Personal entrenado y disponible
• ¿Coste?
32.4
38.2
47.1
55.9
73.5
88.2
0 20 40 60 80 100
Partners can be notified sooner
I don’t need to worry while waiting for the lab result
I feel reassured I am OK
I don’t have to come back to the clinic on another day for medicine
I can get medicine today if needed
I can get my result today
% Guy R. CROI 2017
Patient Satisfaction about POC Testing
AUTO-TEST: AUTO-TOMA DOMICILIARIA (“Home sampling collection”)
https://sh24.org.uk/ (consultado 31/3/2019)
https://www.shl.uk/collecting_your_samples/blood_sample (consultado 31/3/2019)
https://www.shl.uk/collecting_your_samples/rectal_swab (consultado 31/3/2019)
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DESIGN.
Blood
sample Serum Separating Microtainer 600µl, BD – stability 7 days
HIV1/2 4G 100µL Architect i4000, Abbott
HCV, HBsAg 95µL Architect i4000, Abbott
Syphilis Tp+RPR 5µL BioPlex 2200, Bio-Rad
Urine Uriswab, COPAN, Roche – stability 7 days
Anal swab Cobas PCR media, Roche – stability 12 months
Throat swab Cobas PCR media, Roche – stability 12 months
CT and NG swab Cobas 6800, Roche
MSM, advertised by dating apps and social media
≥ 2 partners in 12 months, HIV-, Not on PrEP
• Completed the inclusion questionnaire 12,758
• Eligible participants from Paris 4,220
• Included participants who ordered the first kit 2,051 (49%)
• Returned any samples 1,188 (58%)
• Returned complete kits 1,148 (97%)
H Delegreverie. CROI 2019. Seattle, WA. #49
“Think outside the box”
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COMMUNICATION OF TEST RESULTS
Preference if negative results
56.2%
33.4%
10.4%
Preference if positive results
53.8%
39.5%
6.7%
text ”Please contact us”
call
doctor
H Delegreverie. CROI 2019. Seattle, WA. #49
AUTO-TEST
PROS
• Accesibilidad • Áreas sin clínicas de ITS
• Horarios restringidos
• Comodidad
• Confidencialidad
• Satisfacción del usuario
CONTRAS
• No disponibilidad
• Relación impersonal
• No posibilidad de counselling personalizado
AB Prophylaxis for STIs: A New Strategy ?
JAMA 1943
Sulfathiazole was very effective: not a single case of chancroid in 450 men and a
single case of GC which proved to be refractory to treatment with sulfonamides
Diapositiva cortesía de Jean-Michel Molina, presentada en HIV Glasgow 2018
Doxycycline PEP in MSM
• HIV-negative high risk MSM
• Enrolled in the ANRS IPERGAY
Open-label extension study
• No contra-indication to Doxy
On Demand PEP with Doxycycline (200 mg, 24h after sex)
N=116
No PEP
N=116
* < 6 pills/week to limit AB exposure: Use of a median of 6.8 pills/month per pt
Visits: Baseline and every 2 months with serologic assays for HIV and syphilis and
PCR assays for CT and NG in urine samples, anal and throat swabs
Randomized Open-Label Trial
www.ipergay.fr
Molina et al Lancet ID 2018
¿Por qué Doxiciclina?
Ha sido utilizada con éxito para profilaxis de la enfermedad de Lyme,
Leptospirosis y enfermedad de Tsutsugamushi (Nadelman, NEJM 2001;
Takafuji, NEJM 1984; Twartz, JID 1982)
ECR realizado en 30 HIV+ HSH con antecedentes de sífilis:
Menos ITS (6 vs. 15) con Doxiciclina diaria (Bolan, Sex Trans Infect 2015)
Limitado uso de Doxiciclina en Francia para infecciones bacterianas
(principalmente usada para acné y profilaxis de malaria)
No resistencias conocidas a C. trachomatis y T. pallidum.
En Francia > 50-75% de N. gonorrhoeae con bajo nivel de resistencia a
Tetraciclinas
Diapositiva cortesía de Jean-Michel Molina, traducida, presentada en HIV Glasgow 2018
Incidence of Bacterial STI
Median follow-up of 8.7 months (IQR: 7.8-9.7): 73 subjects infected
45 in No PEP arm (incidence: 69.7/100 PY), 28 in PEP arm (incidence: 37.7/100 PY)
Hazard Ratio: 0.53 (95% CI: 0.33-0.85, p=0.008)
months 0 2 4 6 8 10
Cu
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ST
I
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
No at risk : No PEP
PEP
116
116
110
112
50
69
6
18
91
105
76
93
No PEP
PEP
Log-rank test p=0.007
71% of STIs were asymptomatic
Molina et al Lancet ID 2018
Incidence of Gonorrhea (ITT Population)
Median follow-up of 8.7 months (IQR: 7.8-9.7): 47 subjects infected
25 in no PEP arm (incidence: 34.5/100 PY), 22 in PEP arm (incidence: 28.7/100 PY)
Hazard Ratio: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.47-1.47, p=0.52)
months 0 2 4 6 8 10
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0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
No at risk : No PEP
PEP
116
116
112
114
64
71
9
19
103
109
92
97
No PEP
PEP
Log-rank test p=0.52
Molina et al Lancet ID 2018
Incidence of Chlamydia (ITT Population)
Median follow-up of 8.7 months (IQR: 7.8-9.7): 28 subjects infected
21 in no PEP arm (incidence: 28.6/100 PY), 7 in PEP arm (incidence: 8.7/100 PY)
Hazard Ratio: 0.30 (95% CI: 0.13-0.70, p=0.006)
months 0 2 4 6 8 10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
No at risk : No PEP
PEP
116
116
112
114
68
84
9
22
102
111
93
105
No PEP
Log-rank test p=0.003
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PEP
Molina et al Lancet ID 2018
Incidence of Syphilis (ITT Population)
Median follow-up of 8.7 months (IQR: 7.8-9.7): 13 subjects infected
10 in no PEP arm (incidence: 12.9 / 100 PY), 3 in PEP arm (incidence: 3.7 / 100 PY)
Hazard Ratio: 0.27 (95% CI: 0.07-0.98, p<0.05)
months 0 2 4 6 8 10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
No at risk : No PEP
PEP
116
116
114
116
74
83
7
21
110
115
102
107
Cu
mu
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ve
pro
bab
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f fi
rst
ST
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No PEP
PEP
Log-rank test p=0.04
Molina et al Lancet ID 2018
AB Resistance
N. gonorrhoeae
- Culture attempted in 28 cases of infection
- 9/28 samples (32%) yielded a positive culture
- Tetracycline resistance in 4 isolates, all in the no PEP arm
C. trachomatis
- Chlamydia isolation attempted in 22 anal and 2 oral swabs
- Culture positive in 5 (21%): All strains susceptible
Diapositiva adaptada cortesía de Jean-Michel Molina, presentada en HIV Glasgow 2018
Summary of Doxycycline PEP
Doxycycline PEP reduced the overall incidence of bacterial STIs by 47%
in MSM on PrEP (8.7 months of FU)
No effect on Gonorrhea but strong reduction (70-73%) in Chlamydia and
Syphilis incidence
Acceptable safety profile with mild/moderate GI AEs
Analysis of antibiotic resistance very limited
Impact on human microbiome not assessed
Long-term benefit of PEP remains largely unknown
Antibiotic prophylaxis for STIs NOT recommended
Additional studies to be conducted to assess benefit/risk ratio Diapositiva cortesía de Jean-Michel Molina, presentada en HIV Glasgow 2018
Use and Interest for
Doxycycline PEP among MSM
UK (Carveth-Johnson et al. Lancet HIV July 2018)
- Survey of MSM attending for PrEP at 56 Dean Street, London
- 8/106 (8%) have taken AB to prevent STIs (6 doxy, 2 unknown)
USA (C. Celum, personal communication, April 2018)
- Grindr survey in SF over 1300 MSM on PrEP or HIV positive
- High acceptability of PEP for STIs: 89% HIV+ and 86% PrEP users
France (September 2018)
- ANRS Prevenir PrEP Study in 1920 MSM in Paris
- Incidence of doxycycline prophylaxis use : 0.9% (12 cases)
Diapositiva cortesía de Jean-Michel Molina, presentada en HIV Glasgow 2018
Sexually Transmitted Diseases October 2017
• El beso juega un papel importante en la transmisión de NG entre HSH • El beso sería responsable de casi 3/4 de infecciones • Incidencia de NG en orofaringe > recto o uretra • 1/3 de gonorrea rectal NO producida por sexo anal sin preservativo • NG en orofaringe = NG en saliva • Realizar solamente cribados de NG es poco probable que tenga un
impacto substancial • Un amplio uso de colutorios antibacterianos/antisépticos podría
reducir substancialmente la prevalencia de NG en HSH
Sex Transm Infect 2017
• GONE study • Clínica de Salud Sexual de Melbourne • 196 HSH PCR NG + • 58 cultivo NG + • Gargarismos con Listerine® o solución salina durante 1´
RESULTADOS
• Fosa tonsilar: • Grupo salino: 90% cultivo NG +
• Grupo Listerine®: 57%
(p=0.016)
• Orofaringe posterior: • Grupo salino: 70%
• Grupo Listerine®: 57%
(p=0.277)