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Calculux Indoor

Calculux

Indoor

Version 4.5

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Calculux Indoor

Contents

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Contents

Calculux Indoor

1 Introduction 1.11.1 Philips - your partner in lighting 1.1

1.2 What Calculux does 1.11.3 What you can do with Calculux Indoor 1.21.4 Tailor make your indoor design 1.21.5 Choose from a wide range of luminaires 1.21.6 Easy luminaire positioning individually or as a group 1.31.7 Symmetry lighting installation 1.31.8 Graphical manipulation of generated luminaires and/or aiming positions 1.31.9 Calculation Grids 1.31.10 Switching Modes 1.41.11 Light Regulation Factor (LRF) 1.41.12 Save money by optimising cost-effectiveness 1.41.13 See your lighting design develop on screen 1.41.14 Impress your customers with attractive reports 1.41.15 Installation and operating platform 1.6

2 Getting Started 2.12.1 Installing the program 2.12.2 Installing the database 2.12.3 What is new in Calculux Indoor 4.5 2.2

2.4 Installing other report languages 2.22.5 File structure 2.32.6 Environment settings and preferences 2.3

3 Background Information 3.13.1 Project Info and Vignette file 3.1

3.1.1 Project Info...................................................................................................................................................3.1.2 Vignette file..................................................................................................................................................

3.2 Room Characteristics 3.23.2.1 Surfaces: dimensions and reflectance...............................................................................................3.23.2.2 Interreflection accuracy...........................................................................................................................3.23.2.3 Quick Estimate.............................................................................................................................................33.2.4 UF Method....................................................................................................................................................3.2.5 Zones............................................................................................................................................................3.2.6 Room Grids..................................................................................................................................................

3.3 Application Fields 3.63.3.1 General .........................................................................................................................................................3.3.2 Connections with calculation Grids..................................................................................................3.7

3.4 Luminaire Photometric Data 3.83.4.1 Luminaire Database...................................................................................................................................3.3.4.2 ASCII data file..............................................................................................................................................

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3.5 Luminaire Positioning and Orientation 3.93.5.1 Luminaire Positioning................................................................................................................................3.

XYZ-coordinates........................................................................................................................................3C- coordinate system.............................................................................................................................3.9

3.5.2 Luminaire Orientation...........................................................................................................................3.10Aiming types............................................................................................................................................... 3Luminaire orientation order ..............................................................................................................3.13Conversion of Aiming types.............................................................................................................. 3.14Selecting Aiming Presentation types............................................................................................. 3.15Aiming offset (Floodlights)..................................................................................................................3.16

3.5.3 Number of luminaires per position (Luminaire Quantity)................................................ 3.17

3.6 Individual Luminaires 3.183.6.1 General .........................................................................................................................................................3.6.2 Luminaire Definition...............................................................................................................................3.18

Luminaire List.............................................................................................................................................33.6.3 View..............................................................................................................................................................

3.7 Luminaire Arrangements 3.203.7.1 General .........................................................................................................................................................

Arrangement Definition.......................................................................................................................3.20Luminaire Definition...............................................................................................................................3.2Luminaire List.............................................................................................................................................3View..............................................................................................................................................................

3.7.2 Room Block Arrangement..................................................................................................................3.21Arrangement Definition.......................................................................................................................3.21Luminaire Definition...............................................................................................................................3.23

3.7.3 Block Arrangement.................................................................................................................................3.24Arrangement Definition.......................................................................................................................3.24

Luminaire Definition...............................................................................................................................3.263.7.4 Polar Arrangement .................................................................................................................................3.27Arrangement Definition.......................................................................................................................3.27Luminaire Definition...............................................................................................................................3.29

3.7.5 Line Arrangement ...................................................................................................................................3.31Arrangement Definition.......................................................................................................................3.31Luminaire Definition...............................................................................................................................3.34

3.7.6 Free Arrangement...................................................................................................................................3.35Arrangement Definition.......................................................................................................................3.35Luminaire Definition...............................................................................................................................3.3

3.7.7 Ungrouping a luminaire arrangement...........................................................................................3.363.7.8 Convert into a Free Arrangement .................................................................................................3.36

3.8 Symmetry 3.373.8.1 General .........................................................................................................................................................3.8.2 X-Symmetry...............................................................................................................................................33.8.3 Y-Symmetry................................................................................................................................................33.8.4 XY-Symmetry............................................................................................................................................3.

3.9 Grids 3.413.9.1 General .........................................................................................................................................................3.9.2 Generated grids........................................................................................................................................3.4

Calculux standard grids ........................................................................................................................3.41Room Surfaces .......................................................................................................................................... 3NEN standard grids................................................................................................................................3.42DIN standard grids..................................................................................................................................3.43CIBSE standard grids..............................................................................................................................3.43

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3.9.3 User defined (Free added) grids..................................................................................................... 3.44Size and position of a grid: points A, B and C .........................................................................3.44Calculation points in a grid................................................................................................................. 3.46Default side.................................................................................................................................................3

Grid coupling .............................................................................................................................................3Normal vector of a grid.......................................................................................................................3.51Presentation of results..........................................................................................................................3.51

3.10 Shapes 3.533.10.1 Pre-defined shapes..................................................................................................................................3.533.10.2 User-defined shapes...............................................................................................................................3.53

Set of points............................................................................................................................................... 3Rectangle......................................................................................................................................................Polygon.........................................................................................................................................................Arc................................................................................................................................................................

3.10.3 Symmetry.....................................................................................................................................................3

3.11 Lighting control (Switching Modes / Light Regulation Factor) 3.583.11.1 Switching Modes......................................................................................................................................3.53.11.2 Light Regulation Factor (LRF) ...........................................................................................................3.58

3.12 Drawings 3.593.13 Light-technical Calculations 3.60

3.13.1 Plane Illuminance......................................................................................................................................3.63.13.2 Glare.............................................................................................................................................................

UGR.............................................................................................................................................................3.13.3 Indirect contribution ..............................................................................................................................3.663.13.4 Calculating the numbers of luminaires needed.......................................................................3.66

Quick Estimation......................................................................................................................................3.6Utilisation Factor (UF)...........................................................................................................................3.67

Uniformity Check.................................................................................................................................... 3.63.13.5 Quality Figures...........................................................................................................................................3.

Minimum......................................................................................................................................................Maximum.....................................................................................................................................................Minimum/maximum...............................................................................................................................3.68Minimum/average ....................................................................................................................................3.6

3.14 Report Setup 3.693.15 Cost Calculations 3.70

3.15.1 Total Investment......................................................................................................................................3.73.15.2 Annual costs............................................................................................................................................... 3

3.16 Maintenance Factor/New Value Factor 3.73

3.16.1 General Project Maintenance Factor............................................................................................3.733.16.2 Luminaire Type Maintenance Factor.............................................................................................3.733.16.3 Lamp Maintenance Factor ..................................................................................................................3.73

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Appendix

A1 My First ProjectContains a step-by-step tutorial that takes you through the process of creating an Indoorfield lighting project.

A2 My Second ProjectContains a step-by-step tutorial that takes you through the process of adding furniture andadditional lighting to the indoor lighting installation.

A3 My Third ProjectContains a step-by-step tutorial that takes you through the process of creating a directorroom, with furniture and additional lighting.

A4 My First Project printed reportContains a printed report of your first project. When you complete and print out My FirstProject this is what you should get.

A5 My Second Project printed report

Contains a printed report of your second project. When you complete and print out My Second Project this is what you should get.

A6 My Third Project printed reportContains a printed report of your third project. When you com-plete and print out My ThirdProject this is what you should get.

A7 Index

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Calculux Indoor

Chapter 1

Introduction

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Chapter 1 Introduction

Calculux Indoor - 1.2 -

1.3 What you can do with Calculux Indoor

Perform lighting calculations (including direct, indirect, total and average illuminance) withinorthogonal rooms;

Predict financial implications including energy, investment, lamp and maintenance costs fordifferent luminaire arrangements; Select luminaires from an extensive Philips database or from specially formatted files for

luminaires from other suppliers; Specify room dimensions, luminaire types, maintenance factors, interreflection accuracy,

calculation grids and calculation types; Compile reports displaying results in text and graphical formats; Support Switching modes and Light regulation factors; Support multiple languages.

The logical steps used for project specification save you time and effort, while the reportfacility gives you the opportunity to keep permanent records of the results.

1.4 Tailor make your indoor designCalculux Indoor is designed for use with six-sided orthogonal rooms. The dimensions of theroom and the reflectance of each surface are entered by the user. Calculation grids can bedefined anywhere in the room. You can also enter the maintenance factor and the requiredinterreflection accuracy. These values will be used in all subsequent calculations.

1.5 Choose from a wide range of luminairesCalculux is supplied with an extensive Philips database which includes the most advancedluminaires. For each luminaire you can view luminaire data, including the type of distributor,lamp type, output flux efficiency factors and power consumption. The light distribution canbe shown in a Polar, Cartesian or Isocandela diagram, together with the luminaire quality figures.

Apart from the Philips database, the following other well known luminaire data formatsfrom other suppliers can be used in Calculux:

CIBSE/TM14; EULUMDAT;

IES; LTLI.

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Chapter 1 Introduction


1.6 Easy luminaire positioning individually or as a group After you've made your luminaire selection, you can position and orientate luminairesindividually or in groups, anywhere in a room. Luminaire data, including the type of distributor, lamp type, output flux and power consumption can be viewed at any time.

In many lighting designs luminaires are often grouped in arrangements such as blocks, linesor circles. Calculux Indoor contains an option to define a number of arrangements.

The position of the luminaires in such an arrangement is controlled by the arrangement rulebut the orientation of each luminaire within an arrangement can be altered. It's even possibleto free the luminaires positions so that they're no longer connected via the arrangement rule.This feature proves very useful e.g. when in a preliminary design a number of luminaires areplaced on a line, but in the final stage one of the luminaires in the line doesn't entirely fulfilthe line arrangement rule.

1.7 Symmetry lighting installationMany designs contain a symmetric lighting installation. This simplifies luminaire arrangemententries where one or more of the luminaires have the same orientation. Calculux offers thepossibility to include symmetry in the installation or a part of the installation.

1.8 Graphical manipulation of generated luminaires and/or aiming positionsHaving defined luminaires as individuals or in arrangements, Calculux enables graphicalmanipulation (with a mouse) of the position and orientation of the luminaires.Graphical manipulation operates with the same arrangement rules.

1.9 Calculation Grids After setting the luminaire arrangement, you're able to choose a preset grid or define yourown for which the lighting calculations will be carried out. For example you wish to know if a particular combination of luminaires provides a sufficient level of light for a secretary'sdesk.By defining the desktop as a grid, the illuminance can be calculated and the results viewed onscreen or printed. There's even a possibility to specify the number of points on the desktopat which the illuminance is calculated. On the other hand, if you don't want to define yourown grid, frequently used grids corresponding to the room's six surfaces and the workingplane are predefined to save you time.In many situations the indirect illuminance can be calculated by considering the roomsurfaces as diffuse sources which reflect the same amount of light at every point. When moreaccuracy is required, Calculux Indoor allows you to divide the room surfaces into cells whichmay reflect varying amounts of light. Up to 800 cells can be defined to give an extremely high level of accuracy.

Calculux Indoor also provides a quick estimate of the number of luminaires of a particulartype needed to provide a certain level of illuminance using the Utilisation Factor method.

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Calculux Indoor

Chapter 2

Getting Started

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Chapter 2 Getting Started


2 Getting Started

This section tells you which steps you should follow to install Calculux on your personalcomputer.

The installation procedure of Calculux consists of two steps:

2.1 Installing the programIn order to install Calculux correctly, please stop all other applications before starting theinstallation.

To install the program: Start Windows. Insert the CD in the CD-ROM drive of your computer. From the Windows Start menu, select Run . When the Run dialogue box appears, click Browse. On your CD-ROM drive, select setup . Click OK . Follow the instructions on screen.

You can also use Windows Write to read the Readme file, which is stored in the Calculuxdirectory.

Uninstalling the package:

From the Windows Start menu, select Settings > Control Panel . Double click the Add/Remove Programs icon. Select Calculux Indoor , click on the Add/Remove button and follow the instructions.

2.2 Installing the databaseTo install the database, you need the CD labeled 'Database'.

Start Windows. Insert the CD in the CD-ROM drive of your computer. From the Windows Start menu, select Run .

When the Run dialogue box appears, click Browse. On your CD-ROM drive, select setup . Click OK . Follow the instructions on screen.

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2.5 File structureDuring the installation procedure a number of directories will be created. The defaultdirectory structure, which should be created during the installation of the program and thedatabase, is described below.

C: \PROGRAM FILES\CALCULUX \INDOOR\DB\MULTLANG\PHILLUM\PROJECT \VIGNETTE

In the INDOOR directory, the program and its necessary files are stored.

In the DB directory, the database is installed. In the MULTLANG directory, the different language versions of the package (if available)

are stored. In the PHILLUM directory, the individual photometric data files, not available in the

database, (i.e. Phillum) are stored. The program is supplied with a few test Phillum files. In the PROJECT directory, the projects can be stored. In the VIGN ETTE directory, the files (Vignette files) containing the company names and

addresses are stored. The program is supplied with a few test vignettes.

For more detailed information relating to each of the above directories, use the Readmeicon.

2.6 Environment settings and preferences When the program and database are installed successfully, you can start the application anduse the Environment Options in the Option menu to set the environment directories anddatabase settings.The environment directories and database settings can be checked at any time.

You are now ready to start developing your first lighting project.

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Calculux Indoor

Chapter 3

BackgroundInformation

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Chapter 3 Background Information


3.2 Room Characteristics

3.2.1 Surfaces: dimensions and reflectanceCalculux Indoor assumes that the room in which the luminaires are to be positioned isrectangular. Rooms are defined by using an XYZ-coordinate system in which the width isparallel to the x-axis, the length is parallel to the y-axis and the height is parallel to the z-axis.For positioning of the room the X and Y coordinates of the front bottom left corner of theroom can be entered (P) you can press the 'Centre' button to place the centre of the room inthe origin of the coordinate system O (0, 0, 0). This last option can be usefull, for example,

when you want to apply symmetry.

A B

O (o,o,o)

Z Y

X

r fP C

A = widthB = lengthC = height

3.2.2 Interreflection accuracyEach of the room's six surfaces is considered to have a uniform reflectance. Theinterreflection accuracy you set obviously depends on how important interreflection is to

your lighting design. If you choose a higher level of accuracy each room surface is dividedinto a number of subsurfaces (cells; max. 800) at which the lighting calculations will beperformed. This requires longer calculation times.

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3.2.3 Quick EstimateIf you wish you can enter a value for the Required Illuminance Level of the room in theQuick Estimate field of the Room dialogue box, e.g. enter "500lux." Later when you select aluminaire for your lighting design using the Add Room Block Arrangement dialogue box, an

estimation of the number of this luminaires needed is provided. This estimation is doneaccording to the CIE UF method.

More detailed information about 'Quick estimate' can be found in chapter 'LighttechnicalCalculations', section 'Quick Estimation'.

3.2.4 UF Method When you add a luminaire from a database or PHILLUM file, the number of luminairesneeded to provide the required illuminance level as entered in the Room dialogue box isautomatically entered and displayed.

The calculation is performed using the so called Utilisation Factor (UF) method described inCIE reports 40 and 52. If you click on the Generate button and you have entered a value forthe 'number of luminaires needed' which is lower then the requested one, the program oncemore positions them according to the UF method. If no solution can be found, CalculuxIndoor informs you, i.e. you'll receive a warning that the number of luminaires doesn't fit inthe room.

In some cases the database contains information about the maximum advisable spacing toheight ratios of luminaires, in order to provide uniformity. If the number of luminairescalculated using the UF method doesn't comply with this ratio, then Calculux Indoor addsextra luminaires until it does.

For example, suppose that by accident you've chosen a powerful industrial luminaire for usein an office. The UF method tells you that the number of luminaires needed to provide therequired average illuminance level is 1. When you choose generate the view panel will display 4 luminaires necessary to comply with the spacing to height ratio. This would be very inefficient, so another luminaire should be chosen.

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3.2.5 ZonesBy using the Zones option and entering a value for the Border Zones you're able to define a

working plane smaller than the room floor. Entering a value for a zone (left, right, front orback) will specify the distance between one of the walls and the working plane. The previous

generated working plane calculations are now automatically spread over the reduced workingplane.

A BW

D

C

A = border zone leftB = border zone rightC = border zone frontD = border zone back

W = working plane

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3.2.6 Room GridsTo perform lighting calculations Calculux uses grids. A grid is a set of points in a 2dimensional plane, at which the lighting calculations will be carried out. A grid must alwaysbe rectangular in shape and can be in any plane in space (horizontal, vertical or sloping).

The size, position and the number of grid points can be specified by the user. Some specialplane grids on walls and working planes(= Room Grids) will automatically be generated according to a standard. A standard definesthe minimum number of grid points that is used for the lighting calculations. It also defineshow these grid points are divided over the application area.The following standards are available:

Calculux; NEN; DIN; CIBSE.

More detailed information about (Room) grids and the grid standards can be found inchapter 'Grids'.

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3.3 Application Fields

3.3.1 GeneralIn Calculux an application field is represented by a 2-Dimensional rectangular shape.

Application fields can be used to graphically mark the area of interest for lightingcalculations. Calculux includes a number of different applications.

To differentiate between the types, they contain zero or more predefined lines and/ormarkings that are associated with the different applications. The outlines of the built-insports fields have already been drawn, requiring only the name, dimensions and centreposition to be entered. You can choose from:

Tennis Court; Basketball Ground; Volleyball Ground;

Indoor hockey Field; Ice hockey Field; Five-a-side football Pitch; Handball Court; Korfball Court; Badminton Court; Squash Court; Table Tennis Table; General Field.

In Calculux, for each type of application field the default dimensions and grid settings can beentered. This allows local standards to be set, limiting the input requirements of the designer.Upon selection, Calculux automatically draws the application field using the default values.Calculux also generates a grid and a surface illuminance calculation on this grid. You are thenfree to change the dimensions, if necessary, to suit your personal design requirements.

The general application field is an empty rectangular field. It can be used when you wish toperform calculations for an application not included in the above list. A general fieldoperates like any other application field. You can connect a grid to a general field, ensuringthat any changes made to the field parameters automatically change the grid parameters.

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The following figure shows a basketball ground (dimensions 15 x 28 m.) with a calculationgrid (grid spacing is 2m.) connected to it.

0

0

Y

X

3.3.2 Connections with calculation Grids A calculation grid usually lies within an application field. Calculux enables you to connect agrid to an application field, ensuring that any changes made to the field parametersautomatically change the grid parameters. You can set a calculation grid for each applicationfield.For an example demonstrating this feature see chapter 'Grids', section 'Grid Coupling'.

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3.4 Luminaire Photometric DataCalculux can retrieve luminaire photometric data from two different sources:

A luminaire database;

A specially formatted ASCII data file.

3.4.1 Luminaire DatabaseThe luminaire database is supplied with Calculux and contains a wide range of luminairesfrom your supplier.

The luminaire database, of which you want to select your project luminaires, can be selectedin the Select Database dialogue box.

When a database is selected, luminaire types for a particular application area can be selectedin the Application Area dialogue box. For each luminaire, details about housing, lightdistributors, colour, lamps and luminous flux intensity are presented on screen in a logical,step-by-step way so that choosing a suitable luminaire for an application is easy.

The default luminaire database and directory in which the luminaire database is stored is set inthe Database tab of the Environment Options dialogue box (Options menu). If you wish toextend the range of luminaires you can save more than one database in this directory.

3.4.2 ASCII data fileCalculux is supplied with an extensive Philips luminaire database.New Philips luminaires that are not yet available in the database are sometimes supplied inspecially formatted ASCII data file, the PHILips LUMinaires data format (PHILLUM).

Apart from the Philips database and the PHILLUM format, Calculux allows you to usephotometric data from other suppliers.The following other well known formats can be used in Calculux:

CIBSE/TM14; EULUMDAT; IES; LTLI.

Luminaire files are stored in the default directory. You can set the location of the default

directory in the Directories tab of the Environment Options dialogue box (Options menu). The interpretation of the above luminaire formats can differ. You should pay attention when

using them.

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3.5 Luminaire Positioning and Orientation

3.5.1 Luminaire Positioning

XYZ-coordinatesTo position a luminaire, Calculux requires theuse of the (three dimensional) coordinatesystem XYZ. The X L Y L ZL coordinatesposition the centre of the luminaire in relationto the origin of the coordinate system.The arrow in the following illustrationindicates the centre of the light emitting areaof the luminaire and represents the main axisof that particular luminaire.

Y

Z

X

ZL

X L

Y L

180

9

7

90

270

0

C- coordinate systemEach luminaire is given its own luminous intensity coordinate system,in order to provide information on its luminous flux distribution.In general, the C- coordinate system is used. To create the required luminous fluxdistribution in your design you'll need to define a new orientation for the luminaire. This isdone by rotating and/or tilting the luminaire in relation to its (local) coordinate system.

For indoor fluorescent luminaires the longitudinal axis of the lamp is called theC=90/C=270 axis. The lateral axis of the lamp (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis) iscalled the C=0/C=180 axis. For luminaires with an unusual shape, such as those used inoutdoor applications, the mounting bracket is usually regarded as a reference whichcorresponds to the C=270 axis. The vertical axis of the lamp is normally called the =0/ =180 axis.

The following illustrations display the C- coordinate system for the three main luminairetypes, being street, indoor and floodlighting.

C=270

C=90C=

180

=180C=0

=0

C = 3 0

C =6 0

C=270

C=90C=

180

=180C=0

=0

C = 3 0

C =6 0

Street Indoor

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C=270

C=90C=180

=180C=0

=0

C = 3 0

C =6 0

Flood

3.5.2 Luminaire Orientation

Aiming types

To determine the orientation of a luminaire you can use either: Aiming by defining a fixed point (XYZ); Aiming by defining fixed angles (RBA).

Calculux enables you to aim the luminaires with RBA aiming type and view the generatedaiming point by switching from RBA aiming to XYZ aiming (and vice versa).

XYZ aimingIf XYZ aiming is used, the luminaire orientation is determined by defining its aiming point.This is the point (P) towards which the main axis ( =0) is directed, see figure below.

The position of the aiming point P (X p, Y p, Zp) is related to the global coordinate system.

= Rot = Tilt90

Y

Z

X

ZL

ZP P

X L

X P

Y L

Y P

9 0

2 7 0

7

2 7 0

0 0

1 8 0

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RBA aimingThe luminaire is aimed (orientated) by defining fixed angles for Rot (around the vertical axis),Tilt90 (around the C=0 /C=180 axis) and Tilt0 (around the C=90 /C=270 axis).

Rotation (Rot)If you wish to change the angle of rotation of the luminaire about its vertical axis, you needto enter a value in degrees for the variable 'Rot'. This value can be positive or negative.

For example Rot = 45 :

Y

45

X

=180

=0

C=1

80

C=0

C = 2 7 0 C = 9 0

Z

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Tilt90 If you wish to change the angle of rotation of a luminaire about its C=0 /C=180 axis, youneed to enter a value in degrees for the variable Tilt90. This value can be positive or negative.

For example Tilt90 = 30 :

Y

X

Z

C = 1 8 0

C = 9

0

C = 2 7

0

= 1 8 0

= 0

C = 0

3 0

3 0

Tilt0 If you wish to change the angle of rotation of a luminaire about its C=90 /C=270 axis, youneed to enter a value in degrees for the variable Tilt0. This value can be positive or negative.

For example Tilt0 = 30 :

Y

X

C = 1 8 0

C = 0

= 0

Z

C = 9 0 C =9

C = 9 0

C = 2 7 0

30 30

= 8 = 1 8 0

Luminaire orientation order

When specifying values for RBA aiming Calculux uses the following specification order: Rot; Tilt90; Tilt0.

Extra attention must be paid, because the order in which the variables will be processed is of great influence on the resulting orientation.

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For example if the following sequence of processing is executed for a luminaire: 90 rotation about the vertical axis (Rot=90 ); 90 rotation about the C=0 /C=180 axis (Tilt90=90); 90 rotation about the C=90 /C=270 axis (Tilt0=90).

The result of the above order of processing gives the following orientation:

0

180

Y

X

Y

X

Z

90

270 180

0

Y

X

0

180 90

270

9 0

2 7 0

Y

X

Z Z

9 0

2 7 0

180 =180

=0 =1

80

=0 =180

=0

=180

=0

0

Z

Consider this against the following order of processing: 90 rotation about the vertical axis (Rot=90 ); 90 rotation about the C=90 /C=270 axis (Tilt0=90); 90 rotation about the C=0 /C=180 axis (Tilt90=90).

This will result in the following orientation:

90

=0

=18090

=180

270

=0

Y

X

Y

X

Z

90

270 180

0

Y

X

0

180 90

270

0

1 8 0

Y

X

Z Z

0

1 8 0

=180

=0

=180

=0

Z

270

Conversion of Aiming types

Conversion from RBA aiming to XYZ aimingThe XYZ coordinates of the aiming points are locked on the aiming plane. Conversion from

RBA-aiming to XYZ-aiming is only possible when the Tilt0 of the luminaire is 0 .This restriction is included to prevent the loss of orientation information. The XYZcoordinates are blanked out in case the luminaire has to be displayed in XYZ-aiming, andthere is no intersection with the aiming plane.

In the case of a modification in the aiming type when there's no intersection with the aimingplane, the point on the aiming vector, one meter from the luminaire, is chosen as the aimingpoint.

Conversion from XYZ aiming to RBA aiming

The direction from the location of the luminaire to the aiming-point is determined.

This direction is expressed in a Rotation, Tilt90 and Tilt0 (Tilt0 is always 0 ).

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Selecting Aiming Presentation types

Calculux allows you to select either RBA aiming presentation to display the Rot, Tilt90 andTilt0 aiming angles, or XYZ aiming presentation to display the aiming points. If the selectedaiming presentation is different from the used aiming type, Calculux will convert the unit foraiming into the unit as selected for the aiming presentation. In this way it is possible to view the value of the aiming angles while the used aiming type is XYZ aiming or aiming points

while the used aiming type is RBA aiming.The aiming presentation of luminaires can be set in the luminaires list.

Conversion from RBA aiming presentation to XYZ aiming presentation for a luminaire isonly possible when Tilt0=0 . This restriction is included to prevent the loss of orientationinformation. When a luminaire, aimed with RBA aiming, has to be displayed in XYZ aimingand there's no intersection with the aiming plane, the XYZ coordinate values are blankedout.

Conversion of the aiming presentation type does not change the aiming type!

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Aiming offset (Floodlights)

For some asymmetric flood lightingluminaires an aiming offset is given and storedin the database.

It can be viewed in the project luminairedetails dimensions tab. The aiming offset isusually equal to the angle of the maximumintensity in the C=90 plane.

For a luminaire with an aiming offset thephotometric data is treated with respect to theaiming of the luminaire as if the maximumintensity is at C=0 and =0. Aiming theabove luminaire with an aiming offset of degrees at Rot=0 and Tilt90=0 gives theorientation displayed next.

To ensure that the front glass of the luminaireis horizontal, the aiming should be Rot =0 and Tilt90= .

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3.5.3 Number of luminaires per position (Luminaire Quantity)Normally there will be one luminaire at each luminaire position. In some special cases it canbe very useful to use a different number of luminaires, for instance;

When a group of 5 luminaires (floodlights) with the same aiming point is situated on a pole,these luminaires can technically be regarded as one luminaire. In this case you can enter aluminaire quantity of 5.

When in a block arrangement at one particular luminaire position no luminaire can beinstalled.

E xample:Luminaire Quantity of position(20,5)=0.

1 0

Z

Y

X

1 0

2 0

5

1 5

5 0

0

0 0

0 0

0

0

0 0

0

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3.6 Individual Luminaires

3.6.1 GeneralCalculux allows you to position luminaires individually as well as in groups.The definition of individual luminaires is done in the 'Individual Luminaires' dialogue box.This dialogue box contains two tab pages.In the Luminaires tab you can select the project luminaires which have been defined in theProject Luminaires dialogue box and set or change luminaire parameters. In the View tab

you can view the luminaires graphically.

3.6.2 Luminaire DefinitionIn the Luminaires tab you can define and position individual luminaires.For the definition of a new luminaire the following parameters, if applicable, have to be set:

Project Luminaire Type; Aiming Presentation; Switching Modes.

When the above parameters have been set the luminaire(s) can be added to the luminaire list by clicking on the 'New' button.

Project Luminaire Type If a project contains two or more luminaire types you will need to select the requiredluminaire type. For details about a project luminaire you can click on the 'Details' button.

Aiming Presentation With this parameter you can set the aiming presentation of all luminaires in the luminaire list.Choose from either RBA or XYZ, aiming angles or aiming points.

Switching ModesIf switching modes are used, you can select which switching mode(s) will be appied to allnew created luminaires in the luminaire list.

Luminaire List

The luminaire list contains information about the individually placed luminaires used in theproject. You can view, set, edit, copy or delete information of project luminaires. In the

luminaire list the following luminaire information, if applicable, can be set:

Luminaire Type If a project contains more luminaires, and afterwards a different luminaire type is required,

you can click on the down arrow in the project luminaire type box and make your selection.

Luminaire Quantity With this parameter you can set the number of identical luminaires at a luminaire position(see also chapter 'Luminaire Position and Orientation'; section 'Luminaire Quantity').

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3.7 Luminaire Arrangements

3.7.1 GeneralCalculux allows you to position luminaires individually as well as in groups. A number of luminaires defined as a group is called an luminaire arrangement.To simplify the definition of an arrangement, Calculux contains the 'Arranged Luminaires'option.The luminaires in an arrangement are positioned and aimed according to the arrangementrule and are stored under the 'arrangement name'.

The arrangement generation rules relate to all arrangements (where applicable) and areexplained here for the following arrangements:

Room Block; Block;

Polar; Line; Free.

When you define an arrangement, the arrangement must fit in the room. A Free arrangement is a special kind of arrangement allowing the luminaires to be positionedindividually. The only thing they share is a common arrangement name.In the case of a Block, Line, Polar or Room Block arrangement, the luminaire positions arecontrolled by the arrangement rule. The other attributes can be set individually.In general, for each arrangement the following luminaire attributes

(if applicable) must be set: Project luminaire Type; Position of the arrangement; Orientation of the arrangement (Aiming); Symmetry type and relevant symmetry origin; Number of Same (luminaires per position); Switching mode(s).

To simplify the definition of the attributes, the arrangements dialogue box is split into thefollowing four tab pages.

Arrangement DefinitionIn the Arrangement Definition tab you can define the name and position of the arrangementin relation to the XYZ coordinate system. Where applicable you can set the orientation(= aiming) of the arrangement.

For a 'Room Block arrangement' only the orientation of the luminaires can be set.

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Luminaire Definition

In the Luminaire Definition tab you can define the default settings for all luminaires in thearrangement. The settings are used for the generation of the luminaires at the position as setin the Arrangement Definition tab and determine the initial generation of the luminaire list.The default settings can be changed at any time by making changes to the luminairedefinitions. By using the Apply buttons you ensure the setting changes are carried out for allluminaires in the luminaire list.

Warning:Take care when you have created an arrangement with a unique aiming pattern. When youclick on the Aiming Apply button the settings will be applied to all the luminaires in theluminaire list and the unique aiming pattern will be lost. If you don't want this and it doeshappen, click on the Cancel button and the action will be undone. Note that the Cancelfacility is effective in any of the tabs of the arrangement dialogue box.

Luminaire ListIn the Luminaire List tab you can view the attributes of each luminaire in the arrangement.

All attributes, except the luminaire positions can be changed. For a Free arrangement, it'spossible to change the position of the luminaires as well.

ViewThe View tab displays the luminaires in the arrangement graphically.

3.7.2 Room Block Arrangement A Room Block arrangement is a special type of Block arrangement where the luminaires are

arranged in a rectangular room.

Arrangement Definition

There are two ways to define a Room Block arrangement:

a) You can create a Room Block arrangement using the UF Method (see also chapter'Room'; section 'UF Method').

The following parameters have to be set: Luminaire Type; Orientation of the luminaires; Name of the arrangement.

If you press the Generate button a regular luminaire pattern will automatically be generatedat the ceiling of the room. The number of generated luminaires depends on the value you'veentered in the 'Required Illuminance Level' field of the 'Room' dialogue box.The number of luminaires will only be calculated if the information forthe UF Method is included in the Data base.

If required you can change the value of the 'Number of Luminaires needed'. If the valuefulfils the max. spacing to lighting ratio given in the database, Calulux will perform light

calculations using the value in the 'Number of Luminares needed' field.

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b) You can create a Room Block arrangement by defining the number of luminaires andthe spacing between the luminaires.

In this case the following parameters have to be set: Luminaire Type; Orientation of the luminaires; Name of the arrangement; Number of luminaires in X and Y direction; Spacing between the luminaires in X and Y direction; Position of the arrangement.

When the Room Block arrangement has been defined, depending on the position of thearrangement a number of ways of updating are possible:

Using Updates

Regular button Position X, Y, ZCentre button Position X, Y, Z

Example:For a Room Block arrangement with default luminaire orientation, the following definition isgiven:Dimensions of the 'room' = 16.0, 10.0, 6.0Position of the 'Front BottomLeft' corner of the room = 1.0, 2.0Number in X = 3Number in Y = 2

X Spacing = 6.0 Y Spacing = 5.0Position (of arrangement) = 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 (=P)

This creates the following arrangement:

6

2 4

Z Y

1 7

8

0180

0180

8

0180

0

180

0180

0180

X

1 3

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Now luminaire rotation and Tilt is applied to the previous figure:

Rotation = 90Tilt90 = 0Tilt0 = 0

6

2

Z Y

1

1800

180 8 180

0

1800

1800

1800

1800

1 7

X

Rotation = 0Tilt90 = 45Tilt0 = 0

6

2

Z

1

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

1 7 X

The warning 'Arrangement does not fit in the room' will appear when the luminaires tilt,positions the luminaires outside the room. In this case the Z-position of the luminairesshould be changed.


For the definition of the luminaires, the following parameters can be set: Symmetry; Number of Same; Switching Modes.

For each parameter there is a separate Apply button. When settings are changed you canclick on the Apply button to carry out the settings for all luminaires in the luminaire list.Selection of different parameter settings for individual luminaires of the arrangement is donein the luminaire list.

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SymmetryIf you want to apply symmetry, you can set the default symmetry type for the luminaires inthe arrangement.

Number of Same With this parameter you can set the number of identical luminaires at a luminaire position(see also chapter 'Luminaire Position and Orientation'; section 'Luminaire Quantity').

Switching ModesIf switching modes are used, you can select which switching mode you want to apply to theluminaires in the arrangement.

3.7.3 Block ArrangementIn a Block arrangement the luminaires are arranged in a rectangular shape.

Arrangement DefinitionFor the definition of a Block arrangement, the following parameters have to be set:

Name of the arrangement; Position of the arrangement; Orientation of the arrangement; Number of luminaires in AB and AC direction; Spacing between the luminaires in AB and AC direction.

To simplify the definition of a Block arrangement you should first define a Blockarrangement without orientation (rotation or tilt) and afterwards

(if applicable) apply rotation and/or tilt.

Example:For the definition of a Block arrangement without rotation or tilt, set:Position A The block position.P Reference point P is the position of the bottom left luminaire in the

arrangement (if no rotation and tilt is applied).N AB The number of luminaires in AB direction (if the block is not rotated,

AB is parallel to the XZ-plane).N AC The number of luminaires in AC direction (if the block is not rotated,

AC is parallel to the YZ-plane).

Spacing AB The distance between the luminaires in the AB direction (D1).Spacing AC The distance between the luminaires in the AC direction (D2).

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P = 4.0, 3.0, 2.0N AB = 3N AC = 2Spacing AB = 2.0 mSpacing AC = 6.0 m

Y

2

D 2

3

Z

X D 1

4

C

PPB

A 0 0

0

0 0

0

Now the Block arrangement is generated, you can apply rotation and/or tilt.

For instance:

Rotation = 30:The Block arrangement is rotated 30 anticlockwise around the V-axis which passesthrough P and is parallel to the Z-axis.

4

2 D

2

Z

Y

X

3

D 1 30

V

C

BA

0

0

0

0

0

0PP

In a Block Arrangement the luminaires are oriented in relation to the XYZ coordinatesystem (= global coordinate system). Therefore, only the arrangement is rotated, theorientation of the individual luminaires is not changed.

Tilt90 = 30:The block is rotated 30 around the AC-axistowards the positive Z-axis.

X

A

C

D 1 4

2 3

30

Y

Z

D 2 0

0

0

0

0

0PP

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3.7.4 Polar ArrangementIn a Polar arrangement the luminaires are arranged in one or more concentric arcs.


For the definition of a Polar arrangement, the following parameters have to be set: Name of the arrangement; Centre position of the arrangement; Orientation of the arrangement (orientation of the plane); Number of luminaires per arc; Spacing between the luminaires on an arc;

Length of an arc; Number of concentric arcs; Distance between two adjacent arcs; Radius of the arc that is nearest to the centre.

When the Polar arrangement has been entered, a number of ways of updating are possible:

Changing UpdatesLuminaires per Arc Spacing along ArcSpacing along Arc Length of an Arc (Total Arc)Length of the Arc Spacing along Arc

To simplify the definition of a Polar arrangement you can best first define an arrangement without orientation (rotation or tilt) and afterwards (if applicable) apply rotation and/or tilt.

Example:For a Polar arrangement without rotation or tilt, the following definition is given:Centre Position (P) = (10.0, 6.0, 2.0)Luminaires per Arc = 5Spacing along Arc = 45Total Arc = 180# of Concentric Arcs = 2Distance between Arcs (d) = 5.0 mRadius of First Arc (r) = 4.0 m

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Which results in the followingarrangement:

2

Z

Y

1 0

6

X

d

rP

90 90

90

90

90

9090 90

9 0

9 0

90 90

90 90

Now rotation and tilt is applied to the previously defined Polar arrangement.

For instance:Rotation = 30:

Y

2

Z

1 0

X

30

9 0

90

90

90 90 9

0

9 0

9 0

9 0 9 0

9 0

9 0

6

P

The arrangement is rotated 30 counter clockwise around the V-axis which passes throughP and is parallel to the Z-axis.

In a Polar arrangement, the orientation of the luminaires is related to the centre point (P) of the arrangement. So every time you change the orientation of the arrangement, theorientation of the luminaire will change too.

Tilt90 = 30:

9 0

9 0

Y

2

Z

1 0

X

6

9 0 9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

C '

PA' 9 0

9 0

30

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This results in the following arrangement:

2

Z

Y

1 0

6

X

90

90

90

90

90

9090

909 0

90

90 90

90 90

90 90

P

When the luminaire orientation is set toRot = 90Tilt90 = 45Tilt0 = 0

The following arrangement will be created:

2

Z

Y

1 0

6

X

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

9 0

P



Switching ModesIf switching modes are used, you can select which switching mode you want to apply to the

luminaires in the arrangement.

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3.7.5 Line ArrangementIn a Line arrangement the luminaires will be arranged in a line.


For the definition of a Line arrangement, the following parameters have to be set: Name of the arrangement; First and last point of the line; Number of luminaires in the line; Spacing between the luminaires.

When the line coordinates have been entered, the line orientation is automatically set by theprogram. Any subsequent alterations to the line coordinates update the orientation.

Example:

A = First point (= reference point). The reference point is the position of the first luminaire in the arrangement.

B = Last point = Rotation = Tilt90

Y

8

2

X

Z

2

9 .5

A

D

B

2

1 0

The angle corresponds with the Rotation of the Line arrangement.The angle corresponds with the Tilt90 of the Line arrangement.

When the Line arrangement has been entered, several ways of updating are possible:

Changing UpdatesFirst point Last pointSpacing Last pointNumber of Luminaires SpacingLast point Spacing and OrientationOrientation Last point

The following Line arrangements have been created to demonstrate the different ways of defining a Line arrangement.The Line arrangement below has the following settings:First point = 1.0, 1.0, 5.0Last point = 1.0, 6.0, 5.0Number of Luminaires = 3Spacing = 2.5

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This will create the following line orientation automatically:Rot = 90Tilt90 = 0

The luminaire orientation uses the defaultsettings which are set to:Rot = 0Tilt90 = 0Tilt0 = 0

Z

Y

X

5

A

B

1

1

2 . 5 270

02700270

0

=90

From the previous illustration, the luminaire orientation is now set to:a) Rot = 0

Tilt90 = 45 (rotation of 45 around C=0 ...C=180 axis)Tilt0 = 0

Which results in the following arrangement:

Y

Z

X

A

0

0

0

B

1

A 2

B 2

6

1

2 . 5

5

5

45

=90

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b) Rot = 90 (rotation of 90 C around the vertical axis)Tilt90 = 45 (rotation of 45 around C=0 ...C=180 axis)Tilt0 = 0

Which results in the following arrangement:

Y

Z

X

1

A 2

B 2

6

1

B 2 . 5

5

545

90

A180

0

180

0

180

0

=90

If a line arrangement is given the following settings:First point = 2.0, 2.0, 2.0Last point = 8.0,10.0, 9.5Number of Luminaires = 3Spacing = 6.25 m (calculated automatically by the program)

This will create the following line orientation automatically:Rot = 53.1 ( )Tilt90 = 36.9 ()

When the luminaire orientation (Aiming Type) is set to:Rot = 0Tilt90 = 45 (rotation of 45 around C=0 ...C=0 axis)Tilt0 = 0

The following arrangement will be created:

Y

8

2

X

Z

2

9 .5

A

B

2

1 0

0

0

0

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The luminaire orientation in the abovearrangement can now be set with the same

values as the line orientation (Rot = 53.1 ;Tilt90 = 36.9), so that the luminaireorientation is 'in line' with the line orientation. 9 0

Y

8

2

X

Z

2

9 .5

A

B

2

1 0

9 0

9 0

9 0


For the definition of the luminaires, the following parameters can be set:

Project Luminaire Type; Aiming Type; Symmetry; Number of Same; Switching Modes.


Project Luminaire Type If a project contains two or more luminaire types, you need to select the required luminairetype. If afterwards a different luminaire type is needed, you can click on the down arrow inthe Project Luminaire Type box and make your selection.

Aiming Type With this parameter you can set the default aiming type (choose from either RBA or XYZ),aiming angles or aiming points for the luminaires in the arrangement.




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3.7.6 Free Arrangement A Free arrangement is a special arrangement type, where the number of luminaires and theirposition is not defined by an arrangement rule.

Arrangement DefinitionFor the definition of a Free Arrangement only the name of the arrangement has to bespecified. There is no arrangement rule for defining the number of luminaires and theirpositions.

The definition of the luminaires and their positions is done in the same way as individualluminaires (see chapter 'Individual Luminaires').


For the definition of the luminaires, the following parameters can be set:

Project Luminaire Type; Aiming Type; Symmetry; Number of Same; Switching Modes.


Project Luminaire Type If a project contains two or more luminaire types, you need to select the required luminairetype. If afterwards a different luminaire type is needed, you can click on the down arrow inthe Project Luminaire Type box and make your selection.

Aiming Type With this parameter you can set the default aiming type (choose from either RBA or XYZ),aiming angles or aiming points for the luminaires in the arrangement.

SymmetryIf you want to apply symmetry, you can set the default symmetry type for the luminaires in

the arrangement.



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3.7.7 Ungrouping a luminaire arrangement After you have positioned a luminaire arrangement, you may wish to adjust the position of the individual luminaires slightly. When you Ungroup a luminair arrangement, the luminairesare no longer part of an arrangement but individual luminaires.

It is then possible to, change, delete or replace each luminaire individually.

A similar result (roughly) is obtained when a luminaire arrangement is converted into aFree arrangement.

3.7.8 Convert into a Free ArrangementCalculux allows you to convert an existing arrangement or a group of individual luminairesinto a Free arrangement. In a Free Arrangement the luminaires are considered as part of anarrangement but there is no arrangement rule for defining the number of luminaires andtheir positions. Only the name of the arrangement has to be specified.

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3.8 Symmetry

3.8.1 GeneralSymmetry is an optional specification, that can be used to simplify individual luminaire orluminaire arrangement entries when one or more luminaires have a symmetrical orientationand/or position. If applied, the luminaires are duplicated on the opposite side of a lineparallel to the

X-axis or Y-axis or they are duplicated to all quadrants.

The use of symmetry in luminaire positioning and orientation is explained with the followingexample:

Assume that you've created an indoor sports hall of width 80m and length 140m. The defaultposition of the Front Bottom Left corner (reference point or P .) of the sports hall will belocated at the origin of the XY Z co-ordinate system.

80O

Y

XP

140

The easiest way to position two identical luminaires at opposite corners of the sports hall isto position one luminaire and apply symmetry to the lighting installation to position thesecond luminaire. If you would do this without first translating the origin of the XYZcoordinate system to the centre of the sports hall, the new luminaire would be positionedoutside the room. In this case an error message would appear on your screen.In order to apply symmetry to the lighting installation in a room you'll need to position theorigin of the plane(s) of symmetry inside the room.

Example: You want to position two identical floodlights, orientated towards the centre, at the oppositecorners of a sports hall (width 80m and length 140m). The axis you want to use to apply symmetry are equal to the X = 0 and Y=0 axis. In this case, the centre of the sports hall hasto be in the origin (O).

After defining the dimensions of the sports hall you can position the origin (O) at the centreof the sports hall by clicking on the 'Centre' button (Room Definition tab).

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3.8.2 X-SymmetryIf you select X-symmetry the existing luminaire in B quadrant is duplicated to the oppositeposition in A quadrant with the new coordinates (35, 65, 10). The result of this action willlook like this:

C = 2 7 0

C = 9 0

C = 0

C = 1 8 0

-40 40

70

O

-70

Y

X-17.5 17.5

32.5

-32.5

B A

C D

C = 2 7 0

C = 9 0

C = 0

C = 1 8 0

C=18

C = 1 8 0

3.8.3 Y-Symmetry

If you select Y-symmetry the existing luminaire in B quadrant is duplicated to the oppositeposition in C quadrant with the new coordinates (-35, -65, 10). When Y-symmetry is used,the Y-origin field displays the Y coordinate of the XZ plane. The result of this action willlook like this:

C = 1 8 0

C = 0

-40 40

70

O

-70

Y

X-17.5 17.5

32.5

-32.5

B A

C D

C = 2 7 0

C = 9 0

C = 0

C = 1 8 0

C=18

C = 1 8 0

C = 2 7 0

C = 9 0

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3.8.4 XY-SymmetryIf you select XY-symmetry the existing luminaire in B quadrant is duplicated to all othercorners at the coordinates (-35, -65, 10), (35, 65, 10) and (35, -65, 10).

When X- or XY-symmetry is used, the X-origin field displays the X coordinate of the YZ

plane. When Y- or XY symmetry is used, the Y-origin field displays the Y coordinate of the XZ plane. The result of this action will look like this:

C = 1 8 0

C = 0

C = 1 8

0

C = 0

-40 40

70

O

-70

Y

X-17.5 17.5

32.5

-32.5

B A

C D

C = 2 7 0

C = 9 0

C = 0

C = 1 8 0

C=18

C = 1 8 0

C = 2 7 0

C = 2 7 0

C = 9 0

C = 9 0

C = 2 7 0

C = 9 0

C = 0

C = 1 8 0

Remember that symmetry is not only applied to the position of the luminaire, but also to itsorientation: e.g. X-symmetry of a luminaire at coordinates (-35, 65, 10) resulted in a new luminaire on (35, 65, 10) which was rotated automatically so that it's still orientated towardsthe centre (0, 0, 0).

Applying symmetry about the Y-axis to a lighting design does not automatically imply asymmetric light distribution. This is only the case if the luminaire is symmetric about itsC=90...C=270 plane.

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3.9 Grids

3.9.1 General A grid is an area containing a specific number of points at which lighting calculations arecarried out. A grid must always be rectangular in shape and can be in any plane in space(horizontal, vertical or sloping).

It is useful to think of a grid as an invisible surface to which a light meter can be attached.The amount of light measured by the light meter changes as it is moved to different pointson the surface. It also changes if the light meter is moved from one side of the surface toanother.

There are two types of calculation grids: Generated grids; User defined (Free added) grids.

3.9.2 Generated gridsCalculux Indoor allows you to choose seven preset grids which lay on the six surfaces of theroom and the working plane.

Details about the grid (like position, number of points) are derived from the selectedstandard: CIBSE, DIN, NEN or Calculux. The 'Calculux' standard is a grid type which hasbeen developed by Philips Lighting after years of practical experience in indoor lightingapplications.

Preset grids are a convenient feature when you do not want to define a grid yourself, or when you need to conform to the standards above. You can also use the preset grids as an aid to defining your own grid.For example, if you wish to define a grid parallel to the left wall (x=0) but shifted 1 mtowards the centre of the room, then all you have to do is to disconnect the grid by selectingGrid Points Method 'No Rule'. Now you can change the x coordinates of three of the grid'scorner points from 0.0 to 1.0.

Calculux standard grids

Working plane

The working plane is defined as the area at working plane height which remains when aborder zone is subtracted from the room. Grid points are spaced over the working plane.The distance from the first grid point to the border zone is 0.5 times the spacing between therest of the grid points. The number of calculation points along either side of the grid iscalculated with the following equation:

a

1))+0.5side

(IntMin(12,=pointsgridof Number

bc

side = the length or width of the grid

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This equation is subjected to the following constraints: Up to 6 meters the maximum spacing between grid points is 0.5 m; The maximum number of grid points is 12 and the minimum number is 5.

Room SurfacesFor each of the room surfaces, the number of calculated grid points and the spacing betweenthe grid points is according to the above rules.

Example:In a room measuring 5.4 x 3.6 x 3.0 m (l x w x h) with a border of 0.5 m the number of gridpoints on the working plane for a CLX type grid have to be calculated.Using the above formula this will give the following result:

The number of grid points in width directiona width of grid = width of room - (2 x border)

3.6 - 1 = 2.6

b 1)+0.52.6(Int=1)+

0.5

gridof width(Int

Int (6.2) = 6

c Number of grid points (width)Min (12,6) = 6

The number of grid points in length directiona length of grid = length of room - (2 x border)

5.4 1 = 4.4

b Int (+1) = Int (+1)Int (9.8) = 9

c Number of grid points (length)Min (12,9) = 9

As both calculated values are greater than 5 and less than 12, they are acceptable

NEN standard grids

Working planeThe working plane is defined as the area at working plane height which remains when aborder zone is subtracted from the room. The default value for the border zone should beset to 0.6 m. However, it's possible to set a different border for each side of the workingplane.

Grid points are divided over the remaining area. The distance from the first grid point to theborder is 0.5 times the spacing between the rest of the grid points. The spacing in the lengthand width directions should not be greater than the smallest of the following values:

1/3 x (Luminaire height - working plane height). If luminaires are positioned at differentheights in the room, or have yet to be positioned, the room height is taken as the height of the luminaire position.

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1/3 x (Length of side under consideration) i.e. 1/3 x (Width - (left border + right border)) or1/3 x (Length - (front border + back border)).

3 m.

Room SurfacesThe number of calculation points along either side of a grid corresponding to one of theroom's surfaces can be calculated with the aid of the following equation:

Number of grid points = 1))+0.5

sideInt((12,Min

This equation is subject to the following constraints: The maximum spacing between grid points is 0.5 m; The maximum number of grid points is 12 and the minimum number is 5.

DIN standard grids Working planeThe grid points are divided over the working plane. The distance from the first grid point tothe border is 0.5 times the spacing between the rest of the grid points. In the DIN standardit's recommended to set the border zone to 0.

The number of grid points is related to the length of the side of the grid under considerationas follows:

Length of side is 0 till 2 m use 7 grid points; Length of side is 2 till 5 m use 8 grid points;

Length of side is 5 till 8 m use 9 grid points; Length of side is 8 till 10 m use 10 grid points; Else use 12 grid points.

Room SurfacesThe number of grid points and their spacing for each of the room surfaces is the same asabove.

CIBSE standard grids

Working plane

The working plane is defined as the area at working plane height which remains when aborder zone is subtracted from the room.Grid points are divided over the working plane. The distance between the grid points shouldbe approximately a meter. Calculux meets these requirements by setting a grid to fill the

working plane with the first grid point at a half grid spacing from the edge of the border.The number of calculation points along either side of the grid is calculated with the aid of thefollowing equation:

Number of grid points = 1))+1

sideInt((12,Min

This equation yields a grid spacing of approximately 1 m. The grid is subject to the constraintof a minimum of 5 grid points in any direction. The maximum number of grid points is 12.

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In CIBSE standard it is recommendable to set a border zone of 0.5 m.Room SurfacesThe number of grid points and the spacing between them follows the same rules as above

for each of the room surfaces.

3.9.3 User defined (Free added) gridsCalculux enables you to define your own grids, or to change the specifications of existinggrids.

If a grid lies on one of the room surfaces, the lighting calculations should be made for theinner side of the surface. If a grid lies within the room (a virtual grid), the user must specify the side of the grid (1 or 2) on which the calculations are performed.

1 2

Size and position of a grid: points A, B and C

A grid is defined by specifying the X, Y and Z coordinates of the three reference corners A,B and C. The 4th reference corner is calculated automatically because the grid is a rectangle.Usually point A is considered the bottom left corner of the grid, so when this is the case, thereference corners are as follows:

A = The bottom left corner of the gridB = The bottom right corner of the gridC = The top left corner of the grid

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The following rules apply to grids:a) The vectors (AB) and (AC) cannot be zero and must be perpendicular.

A small deviation from perpendicularity is allowed, Calculux will correct thisautomatically. This is especially useful when a person, using a system with limitedaccuracy, has to specify the corners of a grid with sides that are not parallel to the axis of the coordinate system.

b) The reference corners A, B and C can not be on one line.

The following illustrations display a horizontal, vertical and sloping grid.

Horizontal grid

2 0 5 0

2 0

6 5

Z

Y

X

n

B

A

C

Vertical grid

C

A

B

20

100

30

Y

X

n60

Sloping grid

3 5

3 0

C

7 0 B

2 0

6 0

Z

Y

X

A

n 30

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Calculation points in a grid

The number of calculation points you define in AB and AC direction is used to divide thegrid into equal parts. These are the points at which the lighting calculations will be carriedout. There is always a calculation point on each corner. For example, if you set both

numbers of points in AB and AC direction to 4, the total number of grid points is4 x 4 = 16, see figure below. The lighting calculations are performed at each of these points.

Distance between calculation grid points:

1- vector)alongpointsgrid(Nr.of

vectorof lengthTotalD

The number of divisions along (vector) AB and AC is the number of grid points along that vector - 1.In the figure below, the distance between the calculation grid points in AB and AC directionis:

DAB = 304 - 1

= 10

DAC = 454 - 1

= 15

2 0 5 0

2 0

6 5

Z

Y

X

n

B

A

C

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Default side

It is usually obvious on which side of the grid (it has two sides) the calculations are to becarried. However, for some calculations, such as surface illuminance and luminance it is notalways obvious and therefore becomes necessary to define the default side of the grid.

The default side of the grid is related to the orientation of A, B and C and is determinedusing the right hand rule. The direction of the arrow (the normal vector on the grid area)indicates the side of the grid which is the default. This is always the case unless it is specifiedotherwise.

C

BC

B

AA

Grid couplingCalculux enables you to connect a grid to an application field, (a calculation grid usually lies

within an application field) ensuring that any changes made to the field parametersautomatically change the grid parameters. You can set a calculation grid default for eachapplication field type in the application field defaults dialogue box. The following exampledemonstrates these principles:

Make sure the grid is located inside the room.General field

Width = 15 mLength = 28 mCentre position = 0 [x=0.0, y=0.0]

Calculation grid:spacing AB = 2 metersspacing AC = 2 metersinclude Mid Pointat Centre Width = yesinclude Mid Pointat Centre Length = yes

This will give the following grid reference corner coordinates, see next figure:

X Y Z A - 8.0 - 14.0 0.0B + 8.0 - 14.0 0.0C - 8.0 + 14.0 0.0

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C

A B

(0,0,0)

Y

X

-8.0, 14.0

-8.0, -14.0 8.0, -14.0

Y

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