Bjork - Videoclip, Immagini e Musica

7/23/2019 Bjork - Videoclip, Immagini e Musica

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dmeyijcj ag idyg feyijmxdlei`g! ecldvve! yjcj {ewvvjyvj ecfexezzdvg d xey{jcfgxg df

wcd fjbdcfd y{gieleidvdbgcvg fdxvg# Ec vda ygcyj! ad feyijmxdled ylxwvvd agllgvvj

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wc ijb{agyyj gllgvvj bjfd i`g |d hgc javxg ad bgxd ylgxd bwyeidag dcfdcfj d

ec|dfgxg {xdveidbgcvg jmce davxj mgcgxg fe ijcywbj dfjagyigczedag# Ec vda idyj

adxveijadvj {edcj bdxngvecm yvwfedvj fdaag idyg feyijmxdlei`g {gx ag vggc"hdcf

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ijccgyyejcg ygb{xg {e yvxgvvd vxd bwyeid g |efgj ld|jxeyig gcvxdbhg! mgcgxdcfj

ec yebhejye |dajxe dxveyveie {e gag|dve# Aecvgxdzejcg! ecjavxg! vxd {xjlgyyejcdaev

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g ad ijb{agyyev fgaag j{gxg {xj{jyvg# Vdcvj twdcvj! j||edbgcvg! ea iae{ xegyig df

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ebbdmecg#

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twdcvj ad bwyeid yvgyyd# [xejxevdxedbgcvg ijcygcvg fe daadxmdxg aj y{gvvxj

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febgcyejcg ijaagvve|d fga ae|g# Ea |efgjiae{! ecldvve! ijcygcvg fe dyyeyvgxg d

{gxljxbdcig fga bwyeieyvd fexgvvdbgcvg fdaaj yi`gxbj vgag|eye|j! {jxvdcfj {gxie

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adxveyvd! i`g gy{jcg |eye|dbgcvg ea {xj{xej hxdcj bwyeidag ijgxgcvgbgcvg xey{gvvj

daag ecvgczejce jxemecdae# {gx twgyvj ljcfdbgcvdag dy{gvvj i`g yjaevdbgcvg ea

|efgjiae{ dwvjbdveidbgcvg dvvxehwevj da bwyeieyvd vevjadxg fga hxdcj i`g

diijb{dmcd# [gx fe|gxye dcce! ecldvve! e |gxe ixgdvjxe fge |efgjiae{! iej e xgmeyve! ye

yjcj vxj|dve cdyijyve g febgcveidve! igadve fegvxj daad {jvgczd fgaag ajxj j{gxg!

xe|gxydvd gyiawye|dbgcvg ywa cjbg fga ijbbevvgcvg#

fda 8;;9! ijc ad {whhaeidzejcg fge {xebe vxg id{evjae fe Fexgivjxy Adhga F\F

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y{jyvd fda cjbg fgaadxveyvd d twgaaj fga xgmeyvd# Ad ygxeg! ecldvve! `d ajhegvve|j fe

{xj{jxxg gf gy{jxxg dvvxd|gxyj wcdb{ed |efgjmxdled! e cjbe fge xgmeyve {e eclawgcve

cga {dcjxdbd fga |efgjiae{ bjcfedag# Fexgivjxy Adhga Ygxegy `d fwctwg ea mxdcfg

bgxevj fe fdxg wlleiedag xeijcjyiebgcvj da |efgjiae{ bwyeidag ijbg ljxbd dxveyveid

dwvjcjbd g dwvjywlleiegcvg g agmevvebdcfj wcd ygxeg fe dwvjxe i`g `dccj hdydvj eaajxj {gxijxyj dxveyveij yw vdag ljxbd hxg|g# Cjc {jyyjcj {e {dyydxg ecjyygx|dvg ag

dwfdie fjve fe dheae dyyebeadvjxe bgfedae ec mxdfj fe mgcgxdxg bwaveljxbe |efgjiae{!

yecvgye efgdag fe dxvg! vgiceid g ecvgcve ijbbgxiedae# Ad id{diev ygb{xg {e fellwyd

fe ijclgzejcdxg wc {xjfjvvj xgyeyvgcvg de xe{gvwve {dyydmme vgag|eye|e! {gx cwaad

yijcvdvj g id{dig fe xewcexg ec wcd giigaagcvg yecvgye vwvvg ag dxve xe{xjfjvvg cjc {w

i`g gyygxg ecfeig fe wc gag|dvj mxdfj fe bdvwxev xdmmewcvj fda |efgjiae{ ijbg

bgzzj fe ijbwceidzejcg g ljxbd dxveyveid# Ag {xebg jvvj wyievg fe Fexgivjxy Adhga

Ygxegy yjcj fgfeidvg daag |efgjmxdleg fe I`xey Iwccecm`db! Bei`ga Mjcfxu! Y{eng

Ojczg! Ojcdv`dc Madzgx! Bdxn Xjbdcgn! Yv{`dcg Ygfcdjwe g Dcvjc Ijxheoc!

dwvjxe fe daiwce fge |efgj {e eb{jxvdcve g xd{{xgygcvdve|e fgaad |efgjbwyeid#

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bgfedag fga |efgjiae{# Dvvxd|gxyj ad ijbbgxiedaezzdzejcg fgaad ygxeg ec f|f! daad

yvxgmwd fe wc if bwyeidag j wc f|f ae|g! e |efgj gyijcj fdaad aebevdcvg

{xjmxdbbdzejcg vgag|eye|d {gx ijctweyvdxye dbhezejydbgcvg wcj y{dzej {xj{xej#

Xe|gxydcfjye yw wc yw{{jxvj ijcixgvj ijbg ea f|f! ea |efgjiae{ `d febjyvxdvj

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Ea |efgjiae{ bwyeidag ye vxj|d ijy d gyygxg wc jvvebj ijb{xjbgyyj vxd

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fgyvecdzejcg vgag|eye|d aj xgcfg wc {xjfjvvj dxveyveij lxweheag g fellwyj! yghhgcgdavdbgcvg eclawgczdvj fd bexg gijcjbei`g# Cjc xecièwyj gcvxj ijfeie ijcigvvwdae

ecfgielxdheae! ea |efgjiae{ ye ijclemwxd ijbg wcj{gxd dxveyveid {xgvvdbgcvg ecygxevd

cgaad febgcyejcg {j{# Ylxwvvdcfj e idcdae fe xe{xjfwzejcg fe bdyyd g ag {xj{xeg

vgicei`g! ea |efgjiae{! ijbg ec mgcgxdag vwvvd adxvg {j{! xegyig d ldx fedajmdxg adxvg

fgaevg ijc adxvg {j{# Cgaad |eyejcg fe Dxcjaf @dwygx44 adxvg {j{ ijcygx|d e

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d|gxg aebeve fe ijb{xgcyejcg g {gxie ija{exg wc |dyvj {whhaeij ijbg xegyig adxvg

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fgaaecfwyvxed fga fe|gxvebgcvj! iej wcd ixgdzejcg ijcyd{g|jabgcvg y|eaw{{dvd g

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j{gxd ygijcfj wc {xecie{ej dcdxièij yagmdvj fdaag ijc|gczejce! |gxyj wcd

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ijyg fgaad xgdav! dci`g yg ijc wc yjvvjljcfj exjceij g {dxjfeyveij! ijbg ijyg ijc

ag twdae ie ye fg|g dxxdcmedxg49

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hgcgleid diigvvdzejcg! bd {ewvvjyvj vgcfg d bgvvgxg ec bjyvxd adaegcdzejcg fgaad

yjiegv dvvwdag46# Daiwce fge {e eb{jxvdcve |efgjbdngxy! ijbg df gygb{ej Bei`ga

Mjcfxu! I`xey Iwccem`db! Lajxed Yemeybjcfe bd dci`g Y{eng Ojczg! y|eaw{{dcj

jmcewcj d bjfj {xj{xej wc {xjljcfj bd eb{dxzedag dvvdiij daad yjiegv jfegxcd#

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{xgyw{{jyve ijbg {xecie{e ljcfdcve# Yebeadxbgcvg da |efgjiae{! dci`g ad ljvjmxdled

cgmae wavebe fgigcce `d ygmwevj wcd yvxdfd vgcfgczedabgcvg {j{ g ijb{xjbgyyd fd

bexg gijcjbei`g# Ie! dczei` dhhdvvgxg ag ylwbdvwxg dxveyvei`g eb{xgyyg ec vdae

feyie{aecg j{gxd d ld|jxg fe wcd fellwyejcg xe{xjfjvvd yw adxmd yidad#

Ad fellwyejcg vgag|eye|d fe bdyyd ijcijxxg d ld|jxexg ea ywiigyyj fga |efgjiae{

bwyeidag# Yiègxg fe yjyvgcevjxe g ecvgcfevjxe yjxmjcj hgc {xgyvj ywaad yied fga

44 DXCJAF @DWYGX! Yjiejajmed fgaadxvg! Gecdwfe! Vjxecj 45==! {#448#48 ehefgb#49 @DWYGX! Yjiejajmed iev#! {#447#46 E|e! {#44


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ywiigyyj fe BV\# Fd {xjfjvvj dxveyveij fgxe|dvj! iej fd j{gxd ixgdvd d yw{{jxvj

fgaad bwyeid! ea |gxj {xjfjvvj fd |gcfgxg! ea |efgjiae{ mwdfdmcd {xgyvj

wcdwvjcjbed gy{xgyye|d ijcyefgxg|jag# Ad bdcidczd fe fedajmè g

adiijb{dmcdbgcvj bwyeidag! diijb{dmcdve d leabdve y{gyyj {xe|e fecvgczejce

cdxxdve|g! {xgbjcj d ld|jxg fe wc d{{xjiiej ecvweve|j! {ewvvjyvj i`g ecvgaagvvwdag! da|efgjiae{# Vdag iexijyvdczd y|ecijad ad |efgjbwyeid fd wc ijcigvvwdaeybj

gydy{gxdvj! gagbgcvj i`g ijcvxdffeyvecmwg bjave ygvvjxe fgaadxvg ijcvgb{jxdcgd!

xgcfgcfjaj {dxveijadxbgcvg dmg|jag g cjc dwvjxglgxgczedag#

Yjvvj ea {xjleaj gijcjbeij! ea |efgjiae{ bwyeidag {xgieydbgcvg wcd {whhaeiev

vgag|eye|d# Ijbg me fgvvj! ea {xjfjvvj i`g |gcfg ea |efgjiae{ bwyeid! twecfe

ecvdcmeheag# Aeb{jyyeheaev fe gyehexg vdag {xjfjvvj `d fdvj da |efgjiae{ ad {jyyeheaev

fe ixgdxye wcdwvjcjbed gy{xgyye|d ijcyefgxg|jag g fe feyvecmwgxye ijc bdmmejx

g|efgczd xey{gvvj daad {whhaeiev vgag|eye|d# Cjc xeywavd yvxdcj i`g bjave vxd e {e

ldbjye |efgjbdngxy yedcj dci`g dwvjxe fe eb{jxvdcve idb{dmcg {whhaeievdxeg

vgag|eye|g? ag id{diev ditweyevg fde xgmeyve cge ijclxjcve fgaag cgigyyev vgag|eye|g

{gxbgvvjcj dmg|jae yidbhe vxd ag {dxve#

Bd ea lawyyj fe ijcvdbecdzejcg vxd |efgjiae{ g davxg ljxbg dxveyvei`g cjc

{xjigfg ec bjfj bjcjfexgzejcdag# Ea |efgjiae{ ye ijclgxbd {edvvdljxbd |gxydveag fe

ijcvxehwve g d{{jxve bd ye eb{jcg dci`g ijbg dwvjxg|jag ljcvg fe eclawgczd#

Iecgbd! vgag|eyejcg! dxvg g vgdvxj dyyjxhjcj fde |efgjiae{ yvxdvdmgbbe cdxxdve|e!gy{gfegcve vgiceie g {xecie{e gyvgveie# Fga xgyvj! yjcj mae yvgyye |efgjbdngxy! e {e

eb{jxvdcve g dllgxbdve ijbg Bei`ga Mjcfxu! Ojcdv`dc Madzgx! Fd|ef Leci`gx g Bdxn

Xjbdcgn! d vxdcyevdxg fda {eiijaj da mxdcfg yi`gxbj {jxvdcfj ijc y yveagbe ve{eie

fgaad |efgjbwyeid# Lem`v iawh47! ijc ag ywg ecygxzejce mxdlei`g! ygzejcdbgcve wxhdce!

ectwdfxdvwxg fe yijxiej! bjcvdmmej |gajig g yecixjced bwyeidag de hxdce fge Fwyv

Hxjv`gxy! ljxyg wcj fgmae gygb{e {e ebbgfedve fgaaeclawgczd yveaeyveid fgxe|dcvg

fde |efgjiae{ bwyeidae# Davxe xgmeyve iecgbdvjmxdleie! ijbg df gygb{ej Mwu Xevièg j

Yjled Ij{{jad4

vgag|eyejcg! ygb{xg {e y{gyyj vgagleab g yev"ijb ecvxjfwijcj bjbgcve wceidbgcvg

bwyeidae daaecvgxcj fgmae g{eyjfe yebeae df dwvgcveie |efgjiae{ i`g bjavj y{gyyj

dxxe|dcj d adciedxg ea ywiigyyj fe hxdce bwyeidae# Eclecg! aj yvgyyj bjbgcvj fga

ae|g df gyygxg eclawgczdvj fda |efgjiae{? |eywda{xjegvvdve yw gcjxbe yi`gxbe fd|dcve

47Lem`v Iawh WYD 4555% fe Fd|ef Leci`gx#4< Gcvxdbhg! yghhgcg j{gxecj {xg|dagcvgbgcvg ec dbhevj iecgbdvjmxdleij! y|eaw{{dcjijcvdvve g ijaadhjxdzejce cjc vxdyiwxdheae ijc ea bjcfj bwyeidag g fgaad |efgjbwyeid# Mwu

Xevièg y{jyd cga 8;;4 Bdfjccd g mexd {gx age ea |efgj fe ]`dv ev lgaay aeng ljx d mexa# YjledIj{{jad ec|gig! fj{j gyygxg yvdvd y{jydvd {xebd ijc Y{eng Ojczg! {je ijc V`jbdy Bdxy!agdfgx fgaad hdcf lxdcigyg [`jgcep! fexemg fe|gxye |efgjiae{ g ecvxdvvegcg cwbgxjye ijcvdvvead|jxdve|e ijc hdcf g bwyeieyve# Ilx# AEMMGXE! Bwyeid! {{#870"8


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de twdae d{{gcd ye feyvecmwjcj e bwyeieyve xgcfjcj e ijcigxve ygb{xg {e yebeae d

|efgj#

[gx ijciawfgxg! Bdxej [gzzgaad cga ywj ydmmej4= fgfeidvj daagyvgveid fga

iecgbd yjvvjaecgd ijbg aj yvwfej fgaag ljxbg fe xd{{xgygcvdzejcg {gxbgvvg feecvwexg ea bjfj fe {gxigzejcg {dxveijadxg fe wcg{jid40# Ea iecgbd {gxie

ijcyefgxdvj gy{xgyyejcg fgaad bjfgxcev ec twdcvj fd wc advj xelagvvg ad adheaev

ecigyydcvg fgaagy{gxegczd |eye|d! fdaadavxj vgcvd ijc jmce ywj bgzzj fe {jx|e

xebgfej g fe gyvxdxcg wc ygcyj fda lawyyj xd{efj fgaag eb{xgyyejce 45# Ad cdyievd fga

iecgbd ijxxey{jcfg ecldvve daag{jid fge mxdcfe idbhedbgcve vgicjajmeie! yjiedae g

iwavwxdae# Ad {xjfwzejcg ygxedag g ad fe|eyejcg fga ad|jxj ye xey{giièdcj cgaad {xdveid

iecgbdvjmxdleid ec wc {xecie{ej ljxbdag lxdzejcdvj# Ea lawyyj ijcvecwj vgdvxdag |egcg

yjyvevwevj fdaad yijb{jyezejcg ec yigcg g ectwdfxdvwxg fga iecgbd# [gxlecj ad

xgievdzejcg fgaadvvjxg xeywavd yijb{jyvd ec cwbgxjyg yecmjag {xgyvdzejce#

Fd vdag {xgyw{{jyvj {jyyeheag twecfe vxdxxg daiwcg ijcyefgxdzejce eb{jxvdcve

xemwdxfj ea |efgjiae{ bwyeidag# Fdaad fwxdvd hxg|g g fda xevbj |eye|j xd{efj g

fecdbeij! e |efgjiae{ bwyeidae d{{dejcj ijbg {xjfjvve efgdae fd ijcywbdxg

|gajigbgcvg j {dxzedabgcvg! y{giièj fe wcd yjiegv lxgcgveid g bde lgxbd#

Y{gyyj {xe|dve fe ecvgcve cdxxdve|e! {xj{xej {gx yj{{gxexg daad cgigyyev fe wcd |eyejcg

ecvgmxdag! ea |efgj {gxfg wavgxejxg dfgxgczd ijc lawefev fgaad xgdav xeywavdcfjlxdzejcdvj ec beixjyij{ei`g {dxve xeijb{jyvg ygczd d{{dxgcvg ajmeiev# Ea leaj

ijcfwvvjxg i`g cga iecgbd ad vxdbd ecldvve bjavj y{gyyj cjc dmeyig cge |efgjiae{!

xgcfgcfjae j{gxg {xecie{dabgcvg gyvgvei`g# Ec wcd yjiegv fj|g agveid ygijcfd

daagyvgveid! daad{{dxgczd g daaebbdmecg ea |efgjiae{ ye ld fg{jyevdxej fe vdae |dajxe

gyehgcfj lemwxg yidxcg# Aj y{gyyjxg {yeijajmeij i`g e {gxyjcdmme dcijxd

bdcvgcmjcj cgaad agvvgxdvwxd! cga iecgbd g cga vgdvxj xeywavd d{{edvvevj cge |efgjiae{#

Wcd {gxyjcdaev i`g ec|gig ea bwyeieyvd ijyvxgvvj d ijctweyvdxg dvvxd|gxyj

bjavg{aeie idcdae! vxdbevg wcd lxdbbgcvdvd dvve|ev i`g ecmajhd bwyeid! |efgj!

ygx|eze ljvjmxdleie! ae|g! gii# Cjc {gxie ea yecmjaj |efgj d |jagx ixgdxg wc twdaijyd

fe lecevj g ièwyj! hgcy {gx diiwbwaj fe yvebjae i`g {xgcfg ljxbd g ye {xjlead wc

{xjmgvvj ijgxgcvg dyyjiedvj daad {gxyjcdaev fga bwyeieyvd#

Ea |efgjiae{! fwctwg! yg lwczejcd dwvjcjbdbgcvg ijbg |da|jad fe yljmj

bgxdbgcvg gyvgveid! xdmmewcmg ijb{ebgcvj g bdmmejxg y{gyyjxg yg ecygxevj cga

ijcvgyvj {e db{ej fe |efgjmxdled fgaadxveyvd g fga xgmeyvd i`g cg fgvegcg ad

4= BDXEJ [G__GAAD! Gyvgveid fga iecgbd! Ea Bwaecj! Hjajmcd 455


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4 ^R da ijclxjcvj ad id{diev fe vxdybeyyejcg fgaawfevj fe

iexid wc fgiebj88# Ea {xebdvj ditweyevj fdaajii`ej yw davxe ygcye `d {jxvdvj

ecg|evdheabgcvg d idaehxdxg jmce dy{gvvj fgaad xgdav yw ldvvjxe {xgvvdbgcvg |eye|e!

ldigcfj yie|jadxg ec ygijcfj {edcj ad {gxigzejcg {gx bgzzj fgmae davxe ygcye 89#

Giij {gxi`! d {dxvexg fd twgyvj! aecvgxj lgcjbgcj {j{ bwyei `d igxidvj fe

gy{dcfgxg ad {xj{xed eclawgczd dci`g ec dbhevj |eye|j! {jvgczedcfj da bdyyebj ad

ijbwceidzejcg dvvxd|gxyj ag ebbdmece yecj d {xjfwxxg gllgvve lgveieyve g bdcedidae#

Hoxn cjc ylwmmg d twgyvj jhhaemj! ebbgxyd cga ygvvjxg {j{ ijb! ecldvve cg

xeijcjyig {xebdxed eb{jxvdczd g {gxie aj ecfdmd g aj gy{ajxd lecj daag gyvxgbg

ijcygmwgczg# [dxvgcfj fdaad {xj{xed bwyeid! y{gxebgcvdag g {gxie cjc fe ldieag

ijb{xgcyejcg! Hoxn ye {jcg adbhezejyj jhegvve|j fe dmg|jadxcg adyijavj! g twecfe

ad id{diev fe id{exg e hxdce! dvvxd|gxyj ady{gvvj |eywdag# Hoxn igxid wc {jcvg

yjyvgceheag {gx ijaagmdxg ad {xj{xed dxvg da {whhaeij! igxidcfj fe gyiawfgxg {jyyeheaelxdecvgcfebgcve# Hgc {xgyvj dyywbg ad ijcyd{g|jagzzd i`g ad {xj{xed j{gxd! ecvgyd

ijbg ad bwyeid yjbbdvd df dy{gvve yw{{agbgcvdxe ijbg ebbdmece g |efgjiae{!

bjavj glleidig cga ijbwceidxg ea ywj bgyydmmej dxveyveij# Cjc yjaj? yjcj {xj{xej

twgyvwavebe gagbgcve mae wceie ec mxdfj fe ldxaj# Fj{j awyievd fga ygijcfj dahwb

[jyv! ecldvve! cjcjyvdcvg adhhjcfdczd {xjbjzejcdag! ad xjhwyvd vjwxcg g ad

mgcgxjyev ijc ad yvdb{d! Hoxn ecvweyig i`g ad ywd {xgygczd ijbg {gxyjcd

jllwyid ec {dxvg ad {jvgczd fgaad ywd j{gxd# Bwyeid! ebbdmece g |efgjiae{

vxdybgvvjcj dwvjcjbdbgcvg g ijc j{{jxvwcd ecvgcyev vwvvd agbjzejcg xeigxidvd

fd Hoxn? Ad bed ebbdmecg wc bjfj {gx ijbwceidxg! wcj yidbhej fe idajxg! fe

|evd86# D {dxvexg fda vgxzj dahwb @jbjmgceig {gx vwvve e ywiigyye|e i`g ad idcvdcvg

84 Fei`edxdzejcg fe Hoxn xeadyiedvd cga awmaej 8;;4 daad xe|eyvd Ecfgp Bdmdzecg g xg{gxeheagcgaad ygzejcg [`jvj Mdaagxu daaecfexezzj `vv{?**wcev#hojxn#ijb*y{gieday*{eiy*lxdbg#`vb fgaywj yevj }gh wlleiedag#88 GCCEJ YEBGJC! Fdaad bwyeid |eywdag da |efgj bwyeidag! ec GC_J NGXBJA " BDXEYGAFD

VGYYDXJAJ d iwxd fe%! Ad bwyeid fga iecgbd! Hdazdce! Xjbd 455


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dllefd aecvgxd {xjbjzejcg bwyeidag da {xj{xej davgx gmj {whhaeij! xdmmewcmgcfj

ylwbdvwxg g mxdfdzejce ygb{xg {e {jvgcve g xdllecdvg#

Dcdaezzdcfjaj fwctwg! ijbg ye ldx cge ygmwgcve id{evjae! {jyyeheag xeijcjyig

cga {gxijxyj dxveyveij fe Hoxn fd Fghwvlecj df jmme wcd agcvd {xjmxgyyejcg |gxyj

adllgxbdzejcg fe wcdavgx gmj dxveyveij! ajcvdcj fd bexg fgyixevve|g fgaaecfe|efwj gijb{jyvj fd wc dxveijadvj {wzzag fe {gxyjcdmme g lemwxg# Bgyijadcfj leczejcg g

xgdav fwctwg Hoxn `d yd{wvj ijyvxwexye wcd {gxyjcdaev {whhaeid {dxdaagad g

|exvwdag! ecfeyyjawheabgcvg agmdvd daad {xj{xed bwyeid g {gxie ecvebd g {gxyjcdag!

hgci` feyvdcvg fd bexg fgyixevve|g j fdaad ijyvxwzejcg fe bjfgaae fe|eyveie# Wceie

gagbgcve bdcvgcwve ijyvdcve cgaad ijyvxwzejcg fgaadavgx gmj dxveyveij fe Hoxn yjcj e

ywje gyjveie aecgdbgcve fga |eyj g wcecgmwdmaedheag vebhxj fe |jig! j||gxj fwg ldvvjxe

davdbgcvg idxdvvgxezzdcve cga idyj fgaad idcvdcvg eyadcfgyg# Vxdyiwxdcfj ad |jig!

j||edbgcvg eciawyd cgaagagbgcvj bwyeidag g cjc ywyigvveheag d yigavg |eye|g! ag

idxdvvgxeyvei`g ygbhedczg fe Hoxn xeywavdcj ec|gig wcd yigavd ixwiedag# Ad idcvdcvg

yigmaeg ecldvve fe xebdcgxg daaj yij{gxvj eb{jcgcfj ad {xj{xed {gxyjcd leyeid ijbg

hdyg ywaad twdag ecyvdwxdxg g ixgdxg ea {xj{xej davgx gmj# Gyyd cjc yigmaeg fwctwg

ad |ed {xgyd ec ygmwevj fd dxveyve twdae Fdlv [wcn! V`g Ncelg! Yae{ncjv j! ec bjfj

dcijxd {e xdfeidag! fge Mjxeaadz87 gtwe|dagcvg d cdyijcfgxg vjvdabgcvg ad {xj{xed

{gxyjcd fegvxj wcd bdyi`gxd j wc idxvjcg dcebdvj! hgcy diigvvd fe bgvvgxye

{egcdbgcvg ec mejij# Wcd fgaag bdmmejxe vgcfgczg fgmae wavebe dcce cga ygvvjxgbwyeidag8< ecldvve twgaad fe xgcfgxg ecdiigyyeheag d {whhaeij g yvdb{d adiigyyj

daad {gxyjcdag efgcvev fe ecfe|efwj! yi`egxdcfj yjaj twgaad fe dxveyvd*bwyeieyvd# Vdag

{xdveid y{ecvd daag gyvxgbg ijcygmwgczg `d lecevj {gx igadxg ijb{agvdbgcvg dci`g

ag ygbhedczg fgmae ecfe|efwe da lecg fe gyiawfgxg ijb{agvdbgcvg ad xeijcjyieheaev

fgmae dxveyve# Ea idyj fge Mjxeaadz gbhagbdveij ec vda ygcyj? ea mxw{{j ye ijb{jcg

ecldvve fe twdvvxj ijb{jcgcve dyyjawvdbgcvg ecgyeyvgcve ec twdcvj ixgdve g feygmcdve

ijbg {gxyjcdmme fge idxvjce dcebdve# Mae davxgvvdcve bwyeieyve i`g |e ywjcdcj yjcj

vjvdabgcvg jyiwxdve fdaad {xgygczd fge {xj{xe ijxxey{gvve|e {gxyjcdmme g {gxlecj cgaad

febgcyejcg ae|g xeywavdcj ecgyeyvgcve# Da fe a fga idyj y{gieleij! i`g bgxevgxghhg

{gx xey|jave dxveyveie g {whhaeievdxe wcecfdmecg d yg yvdcvg! ye cjve i`g Hoxn! hgc

ajcvdcd fd yebeae yvxdvgmeg! yigmaeg ec|gig fe ijec|jamgxg ygb{xg ea {xj{xej dy{gvvj

leyeij cgaad ixgdzejcg fgaad ywd ebbdmecg {whhaeid# Fga xgyvj! felleieabgcvg

e{jvezzdheag i`g vdag yigavd yed {xjmxdbbdvd lec fdaaecezej# ec|gig {e j||ej

{gcydxg i`g Hoxn! jvvgcwvj me wc feyixgvj ywiigyyj gwxj{gj cge {xebe dcce 5;

ijc ad hdcf Ywmdxiwhgy! {xjygmwd wceljxbgbgcvg cga bjyvxdxg ad {xj{xed lemwxd

87 Dyyegbg d bjave davxe! ijbg df gygb{ej mae evdaedce Vxg Daagmxe Xdmdzze Bjxve#8< [G\GXECE! Ea |efgjiae{! {#4


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ygczd ecezedabgcvg ywhexg {dxveijadxe ecehezejce xemwdxfj ad {xj{xed efgcvev {gxyjcdag#

Fdve e {xgyw{{jyve! {gxie! adavgx gmj i`g ec ygmwevj ye {xjlead j||edbgcvg ixgdvj

ywe aecgdbgcve fgaad idcvdcvg#

D hgc |gfgxg! {gx! ad yigavd fe gyehexg ea {xj{xej ijx{j g yjvvj{jxxg dci`gyyj

d ijyvdcvg y{gxebgcvdzejcg {w daadiiedxye dci`g df wc davxj ldvvjxg hgc xdfeidvjcgaad {jgveid dxveyveid fe Hoxn! j||gxj ea fedajmj lxd j{{jyve# Xgdav g leczejcg!

leyeiev g y{exevwdaev j cwj|dbgcvg cdvwxd g dxveleiej! yjcj ldvvjxe ecvgxidbhedheae g

ecfeyvecmweheae ywaad twdag Hoxn j{gxd dci`g {gx ad ixgdzejcg fga {xj{xej fj{{ej

dxveyveij |eye|j# [xj{xej ijbg wc dvvjxg iecgbdvjmxdleij j fe vgdvxj ecldvve! Hoxn

xegyig dvvxd|gxyj ea {xj{xej ijx{j df gy{xebgxye ijb{agvdbgcvg! cjcjyvdcvg

ecvgx{xgve wc {gxyjcdmmej fe|gxyj fd yg yvgyyd#

Ad ixgdzejcg fgaadavgx gmj cjc {gx ijyd eyvdcvdcgd! hgcy ye dllgxbd ijc ea

ywyygmwexye fgmae dahwb# Diigccdvd ec Fghwv! |ed |ed {e ljxvg g dxveijadvd ijc [jyv!

aecvgczejcg {xjmxdbbdvd fe wc fj{{ej dxveyveij ye dllgxbd yjaj ijc ea vgxzj dahwb!

@jbjmgcei# Wcj ymwdxfj |gajig daag ygvvg ij|gx i`g diijb{dmcdcj mae davxgvvdcve

dahwb ywlleiegcvg d febjyvxdxg ie? gadhjxdzejce ijb{wvgxezzdvg g mxdlei`g

ygb{xg {e {xgyydcve eb{jcmjcj wcd vxdyljxbdzejcg advgcvg daad lemwxd fgaad

idcvdcvg# Bdcjbeyyejce ijyvdcve daajcvdcdcj ygb{xg ag ebbdmece fdaad xgdav g

ijyvxwgcfj ygb{xg {e {gxyjcdmme de twdae Hoxn fjcd ygb{aeigbgcvg ad {xj{xed

leyeiev ecvgx{xgvdcfjae# Awveaezzj fe vgicei`g femevdae ygb{xg {e yjleyveidvg dewvgx dyjyvgcgxg {gxyjcdmme |exvwdae ygb{xg {e dyvxdvve g ajcvdce fdaad xgdav#

Xd{{xgygcvdzejce i`g {gx! cjc ijc agyiawye|j dwyeaej fe vgicei`g femevdae {jxvdcj

Hoxn d |gyvexg e {dcce fe {gxyjcdmme ygb{xg {e dxveijadve g ijb{agyye! fj|g

yebhjajmed g efgdaeybj mejidcj ecyegbg {gx eaawyvxdxg wc cjc% wce|jij ygcyj daad

bwyeid i`g diijb{dmcdcj#

Ec vdag ijcvgyvj! ixwiedag cgaag ecvgczejce fe Hoxn xeywavd ad yigavd fge

ijaadhjxdvjxe d iwe dllefdvj ea cjc ygb{aeig ijb{evj fe id{vdxg g ijcixgvezzdxg ag

y{ecvg ijbwceidve|g fgaad bwyeid# Fd {dxvg ywd! Hoxn xeijcjyig g ijcfe|efg

d{{egcj ea ijcigvvj fe ij"{xjfwzejcg fe |dajxg fe twgaaj i`g ydx {je ea xeywavdvj

lecdag# Diigcvxd yw fe y ea ad|jxj ixgdve|j! bd dbbgvvg ea ljcfdbgcvdag ijcvxehwvj

fe jmce ywj ijaadhjxdvjxg# Yecgxmed g ijb{aeiev yjcj ecfey{gcydheae {gx |geijadxg ag

yldiigvvdvg efgg |gxyj wcwceid fexgzejcg gbjzejcdag g ag cwbgxjyg ecvgyg ijc

xgmeyve! {xjfwvvjxe! ljvjmxdle g bwyeieyve! ecvxd{xgyg g bdcvgcwvg cga vgb{j cg yjcj

wcd febjyvxdzejcg# Bdxn Hgaa8=! Bei`ga Mjcfxu80! Bg Ijb{dcu g B*B [dxey%85

yjcj yjaj daiwce fge cjbe ijc iwe Hoxn yvxecmg fwxdvwxg daagdczg#

8= [xjfwvvjxg da ledcij fe Hoxn fda 455=#


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[gx twdcfj lec twe fgvvj! {gxvdcvj agievj g d xdmejcg {dxdmjcdxg Hoxn df

wcdavxd dxveyvd davxgvvdcvj dheag cgaad {xdveid fga vxdyljxbeybj ec bwyeid g {gx

ebbdmece! j||gxj Bdfjccd# Lec fd ecezej idxxegxd! ecldvve! d Hoxn |egcg dvvxehwevj ea

bgxevj fe d|gx gyvxd{jadvj g dfjvvdvj ijc ywiigyyj ea bgvjfj idbdagjcveij fe

Bdfjccd! dfdvvdcfjaj daad ywd {gxyjcdaeyyebd efgcvev# Gcvxdbhg gcvxj wcdfebgcyejcg {xgvvdbgcvg {j{9;! Hoxn g Bdfjccd `dccj yd{wvj ijcfexg xgdav g

leczejcg cgaag mewyvg fjye fdcfj |evd d {gxyjcdmme ygb{xg cwj|e g d{{gvevjye {gx ea

{whhaeij bjcfedag# Ec yjyvdczd! gcvxdbhg ijc ag {xj{xeg yjaefg idxxegxg! `dccj

febjyvxdcj vjvdag fgyvxgzzd cga mgyvexg dwvjcjbdbgcvg ad {xj{xed ebbdmecg

{whhaeid dvvxd|gxyj wc gy{gxvj gf dheag diigcvxdbgcvj fga {jvgxg fgieyejcdag#

Gcvxdbhg `dccj yd{wvj mgyvexg ad {xj{xed idxxegxd dxveyveid dci`g fda {wcvj fe |eyvd

bdcdmgxedag! dyyjafdcfj ijbg yvxgvve ijaadhjxdvjxe e bemaejxe xd{{xgygcvdcve fgaag

{xj{xeg ecvgczejce ixgdve|g# Yghhgcg fwctwg Hoxn g Bdfjccd bdcelgyvecj daiwce

{xjljcfeyyebe vxdvve ec ijbwcg! e ajxj {gxijxye cjc {jvxghhgxj {gx d{{dxexg vdcvj

feyvdcve# Ag fellgxgczg ecldvve! d ijbeciedxg fda mgcgxg bwyeidag i`g xd{{xgygcvdcj!

ygb{aeigbgcvg {j{ {gx Bdfjccd g y{gxebgcvdag ec|gig {gx Hoxn! {jyyjcj xefwxye

yecvgveidbgcvg df wc fellgxgcvg d{{xjiiej da bjcfj g fd yldiigvvdvwxg idxdvvgxedae

j{{jyvg# Ea {xjigyyj ixgdve|j fe Hoxn fgxe|d ecldvve fd wc lgxbgcvj ecvgxcj i`g ad

y{ecmg d igxidxg ad ljxbd efgdag dvvxd|gxyj adewvj fge ywje ijaadhjxdvjxe# [gx

Bdfjccd! ec|gig! vwvvj me d fey{jyezejcg gf ywlleiegcvg d|gxg ad fgyvxgzzd feyd{gx id{vdxg mae yvebjae mewyve g ad|jxdxg {gx xeijb{jxae cgaad ljxbd efgdag# [gx

Hoxn ad ixgdzejcg wc ldvvj davdbgcvg {gxyjcdag! g e ywje idbhedbgcve yjcj

vxdiig fe wc {gxijxyj dxveyveij g|jawve|j i`g ad {jxvd d ijcixgvezzdxg fe |javd ec |javd

|dxedzejce fge ywje yvdve fdcebj {e {xjljcfe# [gx Bdfjccd ec|gig! wc ldvvj {e

majhdag# Ecijx{jxd jmce ijyd i`g cga ywj idbbecj ecijcvxd fe hwjcj g aj dyyebead

d y> yg cg d{{xj{xed ldigcfjaj ywj# Wc {xjigyyj ixgdve|j i`g ixgyig g ye xeccj|d

mxdzeg d yvebjae g yjaagievdzejce gyvgxcg# Cjc ecldvve wc idyj i`g Bdfjccd! ec

ygmwevj daawyievd fe Fghwvcga 59! i`egfd d Hoxn wcd ijaadhjxdzejcg# Ea xeywavdvj ea

hxdcj Hgfvebg Yvjxu! ixeveid yjvvj ljxbd fe fjcj fe Hoxn d Bdfjccd# Ag{eyjfej

xeywavd ljcfdbgcvdag {gx febjyvxdxg ea me ljxvg xwjaj ijctweyvdvj fgaad cj|gaad Hoxn

cga {dcjxdbd bwyeidag fgaag{jid! vdag fd idvvwxdxg advvgczejcg fe wceaawyvxg g

dllgxbdvd dxveyvd ijbg Bdfjccd# Twdai`g dccj fj{j dcijxd! de vgb{e fgaawyievd fe

80 Xgmeyvd fe hgc ygvvg |efgjiae{ fe Hoxn#85 Yvwfej fe mxd{`ei fgyemc? davgxcdve|dbgcvg iwxdcj vwvvg ag {whhaeidzejce wlleiedae fgaadidcvdcvg#9; Ecvgyd daad bdcegxd fe Dxcjaf @dwygx! ygijcfj iwe adxvg {j{ ijcygx|d e {xgyw{{jyvedxveyveie g iwavwxdae ve{eie fgaadxvg gaevdxed! ijc ad {xgywczejcg fe cjc d|gxg aebeve feijb{xgcyejcg g {gxie ija{exg wc |dyvj {whhaeij ijbg xegyig d ldxg adxvg {j{jadxgmmedcvg#Ec@DWYGX! Yjiejajmed! {#448#


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Xdu Jl Aem`v94! Bdfjccd fei`edxd dcijxd fe ywhexg wcd ljxvg eclawgczd fdaad yigcd

y{gxebgcvdag ecmagyg? |gxj! `j dyijavdvj bjavj e [jxvey`gdf! be {ediiejcj Vxeinu!

Mjafeg! Hoxn! g bjaveyyebe davxe dxveyve ecmagye98# Wcwavgxejxg ijclgxbd fgxe|d eclecg

fda cjvdxg ijbg Hoxn! fellgxgcvgbgcvg fd Bdfjccd! vgcfg d yvxecmgxg agmdbe ljxve

g fwxdvwxg cga vgb{j ijc e {xj{xe ijaadhjxdvjxe# Ie vxdfwzejcg fga ldvvj i`g! wcd|javd yij{gxvd wcd lejxgcvg yecvjced ijc wc davxj dxveyvd! Hoxn {xglgxeyig ijcvecwdxg

ad ijaadhjxdzejcg dci`g {gx awcm`e {gxejfe dczei` aebevdxg ea ijcvdvvj ixgdve|j yjaj

da {gxejfj fe yvgywxd fe wc dahwb# Cg ijcygmwg i`g ea ijaadhjxdvjxg lwcmg twdye fd

vgiceij {gx Hoxn! lemwxd i`g ye dfdvvd g ygmwg ad idcvdcvg cgaag ywg xeigxi`g g

idbhedbgcve fe xjvvd# Ec davxg {dxjag! ea ijaadhjxdvjxg wveaezzd ag {xj{xeg ijb{gvgczg

vgicei`g {gx vxdfwxxg glleidigbgcvg ag efgg fe Hoxn g |egcg yigavj {xj{xej {gx ad

id{diev fe yd{gxaj ldxg glleidigbgcvg#

[gx ad xdfeidvd idxdvvgxeyveid fe xewyiexg d {jxvdxg wcd bwyeid ijb{agyyd g cjc

fe ldieag dyijavj df wc {whhaeij |dyvj Hoxn ijcyefgxdvd wcdxveyvd {j{# Ad ywd

bwyeid {gx hgc ajcvdcd fga xegcvxdxg cgaad idvgmjxed fgaagdyu aeyvgcecm? ad

|dxegv fe d{{jxve i`g vxj|dcj y{dzej cgaad {gxyjcdaeyyebd {xj{jyvd fe Hoxn ecldvve

xgcfg eciadyyeleidheag ea {xj{xej mgcgxg bwyeidag# Davgxcdve|d! daad|dcmwdxfed!

y{gxebgcvdag! dcve g e{gx {j{99 yjcj vgxbece i`g ixeveid g yvdb{d `dccj y{gyyj

wveaezzdvj {gx vxdiiedxg e ijcvjxce df wcd bwyeid i`g `d ijbg hdyg ljcfdcvg ad

ijcvdbecdzejcg vxd mgcgxe#

^BdR xefwvve|j fexg i`g ad ywd ey{exdzejcg dxveyveid aebevdvd da {j{#Dczevwvvj {gxi` Hoxn! cgaad bwyeid! cjc `d bde igxidvj ad yvxdfd {e ldieag#Dvvxd|gxyj a-diiwxdvd yigavd fe ijaadhjxdvjxe fe xdzzd ijbg Cgaagg @jj{gx!@j}eg H# g Vxeinu ye ygb{xg ijaajidvd cgaag d|dcmwdxfeg#96

Hoxn ecldvve wcdxveyvd {j{ cga bjbgcvj ec iwe j{gxd {gx bdyyebezzdxg ad

fe|wamdzejcg fga ywj y{gieleij {xjfjvvj bwyeidag97# Dvvxd|gxyj ag {xj{xeg ebbdmece!

ecldvve! ad idcvdcvg igxid fe y{egmdxg ad {xj{xed bwyeid! cjc eciawyd cga mgcgxg {j{

g twecfe cjc adxmdbgcvg ijb{xgcyeheag! dvvxd|gxyj davxe idcdae! yj{xdvvwvvj vxdbevg ea

|efgjiae{# [gx Hoxn adwyeaej |eywdag ljcfdbgcvdag {gx ecvgmxdxg g eaawyvxdxg

ady{gvvj bwyeidag# Ec fgleceve|d! fwctwg! cjc vdcvj ad bwyeid fe Hoxn df gyygxg

fe mgcgxg {j{! bd twdcvj {ewvvjyvj ea bdixj {xjmgvvj i`g |e yvd ecvjxcj! xe|javj d

{jxvdxg daag bdyyg wc {xjfjvvj bwyeidag ijavj g xdllecdvj dvvxd|gxyj wcd

94 Bdfjccd! Xdu jl aem`v! Bd|gxein*]dxcgx Hxjy# 4550#98CJXHGXV E\DCGN! Fj{j ea ijx{j! yij{xj a- dcebd! Xg{whhaeid! 5 lghhxdej 4550#

99 BDXN [UVAEN!Dhyjawvg Hoxn! ad hejmxdled! Dxidcd Ldze! Xjbd! 8;;6! {#890#96 DCFXGD ADLLXDCI@E! Vjxcd Hoxn vxd {jgyed g ijb{wvgx! Ijxxegxg fgaad Ygxd! 47dmjyvj 8;;4! {# 95#97 Jhegvve|j i`g daaj yvgyyj bjfj {gxygmwg dci`g Bdfjccd#


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fe|wamdzejcg bwavebgfedag ijb{agyyd bd dvvxdgcvg! i`g ylxwvvd ijgxgcvgbgcvg vwvve

e bgzze ijcyjce daad jfegxcd {xjbjzejcg feyijmxdleid# ^BdR ej be ygcvj

ijb{agvdbgcvg wcd idcvdcvg {j{! g yjcj bjavj! bjavj jxmjmaejyd fe ldxg fgaad

bwyeid {j{9


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|egcg {gxig{evd ijbg dxveleiedag g dxveleiejyd! xeywavdvj fe g|efgcve bdce{jadzejce

ijb{wvgxezzdvg g mgcgxdvxeig yjaj fe dvbjylgxg lxgffg g feyvdiidvg# [gx Hoxn!

ec|gig! ea yw{{jxvj gagvvxjceij |egcg wveaezzdvj {gx gy{xebgxg wcd {xjljcfd

|eiecdczd ijc ad cdvwxd! ijyvevwgcfj wcj fgmae ycjfe {xecie{dae fga ywj ecvgxj

{gcyegxj ixgdve|j# Ijbg feièdxd ad idcvdcvg yvgyyd Agagvvxeiev cjc wclgcjbgcj fga \gcvgyebj ygijaj# Igxd me {xebd fe cje! ijbg ea vwjcj g ea adb{j#

I gagvvxeiev fgcvxj fe cje ^R! ea \gcvgyebj ygijaj a`d ygb{aeigbgcvg vxdyljxbdvd

ec ywjcj# Jxd ad {jyyedbj ygcvexg# Ld {dxvg fgaad cjyvxd |evd64# Vdag {gcyegxj g

{xdveid ygczdavxj eclawgczdvd fdaaeclawgcvg yigcd bwyeidag ecmagyg! vxd iwe

y{eiidcj e Lwvwxg Yjwcf jl Ajcfjc! lgfgae df wcefgd fe cdvwxdaeybj cgaagagvvxjceid#

Hoxn ijcjyig! lxgtwgcvd g dbbexd vdag yigcd lec fde {xj{xe gyjxfe68#

Twgyvd lwyejcg ijcvxd{{jyvd dxveleiej g cdvwxd cjc {gx aebevdvd da yjaj

dy{gvvj bwyeidag# Bjave ywje |efgjiae{ xelagvvjcj g ecfdmdcj vdag ijcvxd{{jyezejcg

yjvvj y|dxedve {wcve fe |eyvd# Yw{{jxve femevdae ecvgx|gcmjcj! bjfeleidcj gf gy{xebjcj

davxe dy{gvve fgaad xgdav! yfj{{edbgcve g fgljxbdzejce cg bgvvjcj ec awig fe|gxyg

ljxbg# Ijcvdbecdzejce lxgtwgcve diigcvwdcj ad ylwbdvwxd vxd fgbdxidzejce hgc

{xgieyg dci`g yjvvj davxe {wcve fe |eyvd? ecvgx|gcve gyvgxce yijclecdcj ag ijb{gvgczg

fe ygvvjxg g xe{xj{jcmjcj! yjvvj |gyve fellgxgcve! aj yvgyyj {xecie{ej mgcgxdvjxg# Aj

yveaeyvd ecmagyg Dagpdcfgx BiTwggc! df gygb{ej! gyvxd{jadvj fdaagyiawye|j bjcfj

fgaad bjfd bd bjavj |eiecj daad idcvdcvg {gx {xecie{ej ixgdve|j! ye iebgcvd {gxlecjcgaad xgmed fe wc |efgjiae{ javxg d iwxdxg ec y|dxedxg jiidyejce e ijyvwbe {gx ad

idcvdcvg# Dci`g ad yigcjmxdld g ijyvwbeyvd med{{jcgyg Genj Eyèjnd j adcebdvjxg

lxdcigyg Bei`ga Jigajv ye iebgcvdcj! da fe lwjxe fga {xj{xej jxfecdxej j{gxdxg! cgaad

xgdaezzdzejcg fe |efgjiae{ bwyeidae {gx Hoxn#

Wc davxj gagbgcvj {xejxevdxej g fgvgxbecdcvg cgaad idxxegxd fgaad idcvdcvg

ygczdavxj aEyadcfd# Ad {xj|gcegczd fgaad idcvdcvg! ecldvve! javxg jmce dy{gvvdve|d!

eclawgczd fgieydbgcvg bjavg ylwbdvwxg fgaad idxxegxd fe Hoxn# Cdvd d Xgunod|n!

id{evdag fgaaEyadcfd! gyyd {gxyjceleid ec bjfj {gxlgvvj ea ijcvxdffevvjxej y{exevj

eyadcfgyg! ijb{jyvj fda idajxg g fdaad {dyyejcdaev wbdcd wcevg daag lxgffg g

dcmwyvg dvbjylgxg madiedae# Feig ea mejxcdaeyvd Awid Xdyvgaaj cga fgyixe|gxg twgyvd

vgxxd?

Yjaj mae eyadcfgye yjcj {e yvxdce fgaa-Eyadcfd# Yjcj {jiè? fwgigcvjbead ecwcd vgxxd mxdcfg ijbg ea cjxf Evdaed! {e fgaad bgv cgaad yjad Xgunod|n#Yjcj e {e xeiiè? xgffevj {xj id{evg {e davj da bjcfj! g{{wxg fexgyve i`g|e|jcj fe {gyid g fe gcgxmed mgjvgxbeid# Yjcj yeagczejye? cjc {dxadcj

64 [UVAEN!Dhyjawvg iev#!{#487#68 BJCEID BGAEYYDCJ! Hxev? ad cwj|d yigcd bwyeidag ecmagyg! Idyvga|giiè 4555! {#


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|jagcvegxe ijc mae yvxdcegxe! d bgcj i`g cjc ywiigfd twdaijyd fe y{giedag# Gtwdcfj {dxadcj! {dxadcj wcd yvxdcd! dcveièyyebd aecmwd? fd beaag dcce cjcgcvxd wcd cwj|d {dxjad cga |jidhjadxej fgmae eyadcfgye ^R# ad aecmwd fgaagydm`g! ea cjx|gmgyg fgaa-dccj Beaag i`g e cjx|gmgye d{{dyyejcdve fe leajajmedyvwfedcj ijc ldveid daa-wce|gxyev# Ajxj aj {dxadcj {gx yvxdfd g ie yixe|jcj emejxcdae# Fdccj daag ajxj lemaeg e cjbe fgaag |daièxeg! bd cjc ijcigfjcj ajxjwc ijmcjbg? ea cjbg fga {dfxg! ygmwevj fda ywlleyyj "fjvvex lemaed fe% d

feyvecmwgxg wcd Mwfxwc fdaa-davxd# ^R G yj{xdvvwvvj mae eyadcfgye ixgfjcjcgmae gale# ^R Cjc bdcidcj e {xjhagbe yjiedae? cgaad id{evdag ad {jaezedygmcdad e lgcjbgce beixjixebecdae fgaag bgvxj{jae! agmdve y{gyyj daad fxjmd>g! hgci` ad |gcfevd yed {xjehevd ec vwvvj ea vgxxevjxej df giigzejcg fe wcjy{diiej yvdvdag d Xgunod|n! ad fellwyd fe{gcfgczd fd daija cjc wc xeijxfjajcvdcj# Ea fehdvvevj {jaeveij ecvgcyj! ijbg ag xgadzejce ecvgxcdzejcdae ^R#G{{wxg ea vgxxevjxej vdabgcvg |dyvj g yidxydbgcvg {j{jadvj i`g hdyvdwyiexg fdaad ievv {gx gcvxdxg ec wc bjcfj daegcj# Hgci` yedcj yjaeve{j{jadxad fe ixgdvwxg i`g twdaiwcj yw{gxleiedabgcvg fglecexghhg ldcvdyvei`g!mae eyadcfgye dbdcj ad yjaevwfecg# Cgyywcj fge xdmdzze i`g ea |gcgxf ygxddlljaadcj ag feyijvgi`g fe Xgunod|n xecwcigxghhg daad {jyyeheaev fexdmmewcmgxg ec wc {dej f-jxg wc cgxj fgygxvj g fe dyijavdxg ea ywjcj i`g ld ea

yeagczej! bgyijadvj da |gcvj g! bdmdxe! dmae yièdcve fga mèdiiej i`ggvgxcdbgcvg ye ljxbd g ye y{gzzd de hjxfe fgaag yjxmgcve idafg# Mèdiiej glwjij? twdye wc awjmj ijbwcg {gx fgyixe|gxg twgyv-eyjad fj|g vwvvj ijajyydag g ijcvxdffevvjxej# Dci`g e ijajxe? fj|g |gxfg! a-Eyadcfd |gxfgijbg cgyywc davxj {jyvj da bjcfj! fj|g hedcid fe cg|g g fe mèdiiej vediigid g ve xegb{eg ad xgvecd fe vecvg i`g cjc ebbdmecd|e g! dci`g yg cjc `dead ljxvwcd fe ecijcvxdxg wc-dwxjxd hjxgdag! hdyvd mwdxfdxg ea iegaj fj{j wcdfgaag {ejmmg lxgtwgcve {gx idvvwxdxg wcj j fwg dxijhdagce# [gx adyiedxyedmmwdcvdxg fd twgyv-eyjad heyjmcd dfdvvdxye d wc awcmj vexjiecej fey{xj{jxzejce g yjx{xgyg? twe diidfg fe cjc hdmcdxye twdcfj ad {ejmmed hdvvgcvg! j fe vxj|dxye lxdfeie yjvvj wc iegaj aeb{efj g fwxj ijbg wcixeyvdaaj#69

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Ixgfj fe d|gxg dcijxd wc ydiij fe ijyg fd yij{xexg! bd lecj df jmme yj i`g e bege

bjbgcve {e dave yjcj yvdve twgaae ec iwe gxj yjad cgaad cdvwxd iexijcfdvd fdaad

bwyeid# G- ijbg wc wceyjcj! wc {gxfgxye66 feig Hoxn da cdvwxdaeyvd Fd|ef

Dvvgchjxjwm` ec wc ijaajtwej xe{jxvdvj cga |jawbg Hoxn! {xjmgvvj gfevjxedag fga

8;;4 iwxdvj fdaad yvgyyd idcvdcvg#

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yij{gxvd fga bjcfj# Fghwvg [jyvyjcj ecldvve aj y{giièj fgaagiievdzejcg fe Hoxn

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69 AWID XDYVGAAJ! Fe mèdiiej g fe lwjij! ec F ad Xg{whhaeid fgaag fjccg! ygvvgbhxg4550#66 HOXN d {xjogiv hu%! Hoxn! Bjcfdfjxe! Beadcj 8;;4#


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yijxiej fdaad lecgyvxd fe idyd! mgaefd! becebdag g eb{gxvwxhdvd ijcvxd{{jyvd da

idajxg fjbgyveij# Eyadcfd ijbg yvxdjxfecdxej y{gii`ej fgmae yvdve fdcebj fe Hoxn?

|e|d! mxecvjyd! {jvgcvg! gyygczedag! |dxegmdvd bd {wxg ygb{xg dwvgcveid#

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iwavwxg g bevjajmeg fe davxe {dgye# [gx wceyadcfgyg ecldvve! i`g |e|g ec wc {dgyg fj|gag vxdfezejce yjcj ljxvgbgcvg xdfeidvg g adxvg ygcvevd ijbg davgxcdve|d daag

dcvdxvei`g ijcfezejce fe |evd! ad {jyyeheaev fe |edmmedxg g ijclxjcvdxye ijc xgdav

fellgxgcve wcj yvebjaj da ijyvdcvg ijclxjcvj g feyiwyyejcg# Hoxn! wcd |javd

dyyebeadvg {jyeve|dbgcvg ag {xj{xeg jxemece eyadcfgye! {dxg ygmwexg vdag |ed# E

ywiigyye|e dahwb Bgfaad g \javd! {dyydcfj {gx ad ijajccd yjcjxd Fxd}ecm

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g dxveyve! ijcijxxjcj d mwefdxg wc ad|jxj i`g `d ady{gvvj {xejxevdxedbgcvg fe

ecvgmxdzejcg lxd iwavwxg#

Wcdxveyvd majhdag! fwctwg! i`g fgaad majhdaezzdzejcg ye ygx|evd {gx {jxvdxg d

ae|gaaj ecvgxcdzejcdag ag lxgffg dvbjylgxg fgaad ywd Eyadcfd dvvxd|gxyj ad ywd bwyeid

xdllecdvd! i`g cgaad ywd |jig! ecebevdheag! cge ywje mgyve! cga ywj yvgyyj |eyj

vgyvebjcedcj a-gyeyvgczd fgaadcmwyvj {j{jaj eyadcfgyg! ea ywj {j{jaj# Fe age Fdcega

Dwmwyv! gp idcvdcvg fge Mwy Mwy! eyadcfgyg! feig? Hoxn `d yjvvjaecgdvjaeb{jxvdczd fe d|gxg wcefgcvev fe {j{jaj ^R bd `d dci`g d{gxvj ag lxjcvegxg#

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Hgdi` Hjuy! e Cex|dcd! Cdjbe Nagec! ye yjcj yvwldve fe |e|gxg twe ijcywbdcfj

fxjmd fe {gyyebd twdaev j [xjzdi g yjcj dcfdve |ed# Ad ljxvwcd fgaaEyadcfd yvdvd

i`g twdaiwcj! {gx dbjxg fgaaEyadcfd! dfgyyj vjxcd yjaj yg yvxgvvdbgcvg

cgigyydxej67# Fj{j ad ywd dyigyd! ecldvve! eccgmdheag i`g wcd lejxgcvg yigcd

bwyeidag yed gbgxyd {xj{xej fdaaEyadcfd? Yemwx Xy! Bwb! Mwy Mwy! bd dci`g e

bgcj ijcjyiewve Hdcm Mdcm g Odnjhecdxecd# Vwvve ijcvxdffeyvecve fd wcd

{gxyjcdaeyyebd ljxbd bwyeidag twgyvg hdcf yjcj gbgxyg g ye yjcj dllgxbdvg d

ae|gaaj gwxj{gj vxd ad lecg fgmae dcce 5; g fwxdcvg ea fgigccej ijxxgcvg daadxmdcfj

cjvg|jabgcvg aeclawgczd bwyeidag eyadcfgyg#

Hoxn cjc awceid {gxyjcdaev fgaad bwyeid df d|gx yigavj wcd yvxdfd fe

ywiigyyj i`g wceyig bwyeid g dxve |eye|g ec bdcegxd ijgxgcvg g ijcvecwdve|d#

Yj{xdvvwvvj {gx twdcvj xemwdxfd e |efgjiae{ g ag ij|gx fgmae dahwb! bd dci`g yjvvj ea

{xjleaj fgaag {gxljxbdcig ae|g g fga bdxngvecm {xjbjzejcdag! wcdxfevd

67 GCXEIJ YEYVE! E lemae fe Hoxn Ea xjin i`g cdyig ec Eyadcfd! Bwyeid fe Xg{whhaeid! 47d{xeag 8;;6 cwbgxj 648! {#46#


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8 ixgfj ye {jyyd fexg i`g yvdvj wcd y{gieg fe ija{j fe lwabecg

bwyeidag vxd bg g Cgaagg79# Ad ad|jxdzejcg fga feyij ye xe|gad {gx bjavj {e

ijb{agyyd xey{gvvj daag dy{gvvdve|g? ye vxdvvd|d fe {xgcfgxg ec ijcyefgxdzejcg

dhhjzze g efgg i`g Hoxn d|g|d diiwbwadvj cgmae dcce {xgigfgcve g fe ijclgxexg d

vwvvj ie wcd ljxbd hgc {xgieyd> gxd wcd xeigxid fe efgcvev! {xecie{dabgcvg! i`g

fj|g|d ecmajhdxg mae yagmdve yvebjae diiwbwadve cga vgb{j fdaad bwyeieyvd#

Ag mgcgxei`g fglecezejce i`g ad yvdb{d vgcv fe fdxg d Fghwvyjcj ecfeig fga

idxdvvgxg bwave mgcgxg xdii`ewyg cgaadahwb?

Ec heaeij vxd {j{ gf d|dcmwdxfed ^R Hojxn igxid fe ebbdmecdxg wcd bwyeidi`g ylwmmg d vwvvg ag {jyyeheae fglecezejce ^R# Fghwv wc feyij i`gfelleieabgcvg {w gyygxg {dxdmjcdvj df davxe? e ydyyjljce fga odzzeyvd Jae|gxAdng ecygmwjcj ad |jig fe Hojxn ec hdaadvg xdxgldvvg gf jhaetwg! ag vdyvegxggagvvxjcei`g ijyvxweyijcj wcd yjxvd fe iuhgxy{dzej gbjve|j cga twdagijc|e|jcj xdiijcve ldcvdyveie g xevbe hdaadheae76#

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fd dlledcidxg daad bwyeid! ec aecgd ijc ag jhhaemdvg vgcfgczg |efgj"bwyeidae i`g

fdmae dcce 0; d|g|dcj ijb{agvdbgcvg d||javj ea yeyvgbd feyijmxdleij bwyeidag# D

cgyywc bwyeieyvd fe wc igxvj ae|gaaj gxd ijcigyyj fe cdyijcfgye fegvxj ea {xj{xej

{xjfjvvj bwyeidag ygczd gyehexg wcd ijbbgxiedag lemwxd fd dyyjiedxye cga bjcfj

7; BGAEYYDCJ! Hxeviev#!{#


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fge bgfed# Aebbdmecg g aj yveag gxdcj jxbde ljcfdbgcvdae vdcvj twdcvj ea xgyvj#

Hoxn eb{dxd {gx lec fd ywhevj d cjc ldxye yjlljidxg fd vdag cgigyyev! bd da

ijcvxdxej! d iexiwexad d {xj{xej ld|jxg# Vwvvjxd! daag fjbdcfg xe|javg iexid

aeb{jxvdczd fgaady{gvvj |eye|j cga ywj ad|jxj! xey{jcfg idcfefdbgcvg Cjc be

xevgcmj wc-dxveyvd |eywdag! bd xeijcjyij a-eb{jxvdczd fgaa-ebbdmecg dyyjiedvd daadbwyeid# [gx bg yjaj wc bjfj {gx dewvdxg ad mgcvg df dllgxxdxg bgmaej ag beg

idczjce77# Yghhgcg yed ecfwhhed wcd ecezedag ecehezejcg g ecgy{gxegczd cga mgyvexg

jmce advj gyvgveij fgaad ldiigcfd! ija vgb{j Hoxn y|eaw{{d wcd vjvdag fgfezejcg daad

iwxd fge fgvvdmae dxveyveie! daad yigavd g daaj{{jxvwcev fe cwj|g ijaadhjxdzejce j

ecgfevg yij{gxvg g mgcedae ixgdzejce#

[gxFghwv! aebbdmecg fe ij{gxvecd |egcg xgdaezzdvd fda me dllgxbdvj ljvjmxdlj

fe bjfd Ogdc Hd{veyvg Bjcfecj! ijcvxj|gxyj ecvgx{xgvg fgaad iwavwxd {j{ dci`g cga

|efgjiae{ bwyeidag# Yg d{{gcd twdai`g dccj {xebd d|g|d {gxbgyyj df wcd

xjidbhjagyid Bdfjccd fe fdxg |javj daag {xj{xeg ldcvdyeg ygyywdae cga ijcvgyvdvj g

igcywxdvj |efgjiae{ Owyvelu bu aj|g7


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Ygb{xg ec aecgd ijc mae jfegxce yvdcfdxf {xjbjzejcdae feyijmxdleie! i`g

{xg|gfjcj awyievd fe daiwcg idczjce diijb{dmcdvg fd wc |efgjiae{ fd ldx xwjvdxg

daag xdfej j cgaag vgag|eyejce bwyeidae ijbg {gzze vxdecdcve fgaaecvgxj dahwb! dci`g

fd Fghwv|gcmjcj yigave e hxdce {jvgczedabgcvg {e d{{gveheae {gx ea adciej fga feyij#

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ajxj bd agmdve fd ijcvecwe xebdcfe g xelgxebgcve xgie{xjie# D {dxvg ea idyj fe @wbdc

Hg`d|ejwx! {gx! Hoxn cjc ydx ijb{agyye|dbgcvg bjavj yjffeyldvvd#

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fgaawyievd fgaadahwb ijcvxehwexjcj ec bjfj fgvgxbecdcvg daad ijyvxwzejcg

fgaaj{ecejcg {whhaeid ywaad idcvdcvg! |geijadvd fdaad yvdb{d g fde bgfed# Mae yidvve

ljvjmxdleie fe Ogdc Hd{veyvg Bjcfecj g Owgxmgc Vgaagx yebwadcj ady{gvvj

y{gcyegxdvj fgaagvgxcd ecldczed! yw{{jxvdve fd |efgjiae{ ec heaeij vxd aefgd fe ljaaed g

ecmgcwev# Agcjxbg gcvwyedybj fe Hoxn ecjavxg! ijcfevj df wcd mgcwecd

ecgy{gxegczd ad ijcfwijcj ec twgmae dcce df d{{dxexg ijc ygb{xg bdmmejxg

eciefgczd ijbg wcd lemwxd daegcd g yvxd|dmdcvg# Ad bdmmejx {dxvg fgmae dxveijae d age

fgfeidve ye d{xe|dcj {xgyyd{{jij ijc vdae dllgxbdzejce?

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xgbjvd Eyadcfd dcijxd wc {eiijaj {edcgvd ecgy{ajxdvj fdaad bdmmejxdczdfge ijbwce bjxvdae# D |gfgxad fd |eiecj ygbhxd wc {dyygxjvvj eclxgffjaevj ecwc iw{j mejxcj fe {ejmmed# G Hojxn! gp |jidaeyvd y{exevdvd fge Ywmdxiwhgy! ye {xgygcvdvd ijy d Beadcj {gx ad {xgygcvdzejcg fga ywj dahwb yjaeyvd? wcdhebhd ybdxxevd i`g cjc febjyvxd dlldvvj mae dcce i`g `d 75#

Yghhgcg twgyvdxed lwjxe fda ijbwcg ljyyg ec xgdav {gxlgvvj y{gii`ej

fgaagiievdzejcg ixgdve|d fgaad idcvdcvg! Hoxn ijc mae dcce cjc yvgcvd df dllgxbdxye

{xejxevdxedbgcvg ijbg dxveyvd |gxydveag! {dfxjcd fe yg yvgyyd g fga {xj{xej vdagcvj g

lgfgag de {xj{xe jhegvve|e! d yld|jxg twgaadxed eccjigcvg i`g ad|g|d ijcvxdffeyvecvd

ec {xecie{ej#

EE#E# @wbdc Hg`d|ejwx

@wbdc Hg`d|ejwx ea {xebj yecmjaj df gyygxg adciedvj? wyiex wlleiedabgcvg cga

mewmcj 59# Ad fexgzejcg fga |efgjiae{ dllefdvd da {xjbgvvgcvg Bei`ga Mjcfxu


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94

yij|dvj fexgvvdbgcvg fdaad iwxejyd g ecvxd{xgcfgcvg Hoxn i`g |gfg ec v| daiwce ^fe

twgeR |efgj ^R! cjvd agiigcvxeiev fga xgmeyvd! g fgiefg fe ijcvdvvdxaj


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yigcjmxdleg g bgvjfe fe xgievdzejcg fe fgxe|dzejcg vgdvxdag g {evvjxeid


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99

bj|gczg zjbheg xeidaidvg ywaad vgiceid fga {dyyj wcj=; bgcvxg ad cjyvxd Hoxn!

{gxlgvvdbgcvg idadvd cga {gxyjcdmmej fe wcd beixj xdmdzzd fda yd{jxg

aeaae{{wvzedcj! lwmmg ad becdiied fe fe|gcvdxcg wc {dyvj# Dci`g age! {gx! ecldyvefevd

fd wcd ecfeyixgvd ldagcd cjvvwxcd! ydx ijyvxgvvd d {xj||gfgxg daad ywd

gaebecdzejcg#

=; Vgiceid fga {dyyj wcj! fgvvd dci`g yvj{"bjvejc! wcd vgiceid fe dcebdzejcg i`g{xg|gfg! dvvxd|gxyj wc {xjigyyj fe yijb{jyezejcg g ixgdzejcg fge yecmjae ljvjmxdbbe! fedcebdxg lemwxg ecdcebdvg# ad vgiceid i`g cga 8;;9 Mjcfxu wveaezzd {gx ad xgdaezzdzejcg cga|efgj V`g `dxfgyv hwvvjc vj hwvvjc {gx ea fwj V`g ]`evg Yvxe{gy#


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D{{dejcj ièdxg lec fd ywhevj ad yigavg yveaeyvei`g g |eye|g fe Mjcfxu? wcdheag

wveaezzj fe hdin {xjogivejc=4 ye ijcvxd{{jcg daad {jyveiied yigcjmxdled cdvwxdag!

ebbgxmgcfj e {gxyjcdmme ec wcdvbjylgxd yjy{gyd vxd ea yjmcj g aeciwhj# Awmwhxe g

yeceyvxe yijxie fe ljxgyvd ye diijyvdcj d idafg d diijmaegcve awie i`g

ijcvxdffeyvecmwjcj ad {eiijad idygvvd fe agmcj fe Hoxn# Wc xd{efj bjcvdmmej g awyjfe bj|ebgcvdvg yjmmgvve|g ec lwmd fe Hoxn! bd dci`g fgaad ldagcd ec |jaj% fdx

fecdbeybj daad yigcd i`g vgcfgx! {gx! |gxyj adcebd fdxn fga iae{? cjc d idyj!

ecldvve! ad {xgfd lecex y{gyyj cgaag bexg fga {xgfdvjxg! vxdccg cga idyj

fgaaecglleidieg idiiedvjxg# Ajxyj lecex {gx fjbecdxg! ec yjyvdczd! ywaad ljxgyvd!

i`g! ywa lecexg! yij{xedbj gyygxg wc {gxlgvvj bjfgaaecj ljxbdvj ylgxd# Ag ljxbg

bjxljajmei`g fga hjyij e xdbe! agxhd! aditwd% adyiedcj ea {dyyj d twgaag dxveleiejyg

fgaag xemefg xe{xjfwzejce ec yidad! db{aeleidcfj ad ygcydzejcg yeceyvxd fgaad |eigcfd#

Ad ld|jad ye ièwfg ijc wc xeyvdheaebgcvj fgaad twegvg! bd ygczd `d{{u gcfecm>

cjcjyvdcvg ag {xgyyji` ebbwvdvg yigavg ixjbdvei`g> mae diigcve mxeme `dccj ea

yj{xd||gcvj g ad ld|jad fe|gcvd wcd yjxvd fe eciwhj exxeyjavj#

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yjvvjaecgd ywhevj wcdyyjawvd yecvjced? ag efgg fge fwg i`g cg gbgxygxj

ygbhxd|dcj ijb{agvdxye d |eigcfd ec bjfj {gxlgvvj# Agyvgveid ywxxgdag fga hjyij

eaawbecdvj fdaag yvgaag g fgaad idygvvd fe agmcj lw xeixgdvd ec yvwfej ec bjfj fga vwvvj

dxvemedcdag> Xeixgdbbj wcd ljxgyvd j wc {eiijaj {gzzj fe cdvwxd ygb{aeigbgcvgwyigcfj ec medxfecj g xdiijmaegcfj fgaagxhd! fga bwyièj! fge xdbe! fgaag ljmaeg#

Jmce ijyd fd|d aeb{xgyyejcg fe gyygxg ldvvd d bdcj=8 xeijxfd Mjcfxu# Ea xgmeyvd

gxd! ec jmce idyj! bjavj yigvveij fwxdcvg ad ad|jxdzejcg# Vgbg|d i`g ea ywj bjfj

yvxdcj g wc {j cdl fe leavxdxg ad xgdav cjc ydxghhg {ediewvj d cgyywcj? Cjc

ebbdmecd|j i`g ydxghhg fe|gcvdvj ijy ldbjyj g i`g daad lecg ye ydxghhg

vxdyljxbdvj ec wc cwj|j ecezej=9 xe|gad# Dcdaezzdcfj jxd ea lgcjbgcj! {xjhdheag

ec|gig i`g ad ijaadhjxdzejcg vxd e fwg dhhed {jxvdvj hgcgleie ecdy{gvvdve g ec beywxd

wmwdag df gcvxdbhg ag {dxve# Yed Hoxn i`g Mjcfxu gxdcj daag {xgyg ijc wc gyjxfej!

i`g ye ydxghhg {je xe|gadvj fe febgcyejce ecvgxcdzejcdae! cga twdag ad ijaadhjxdzejcg

{gx ea |efgj @wbdc Hg`d|ejwx`d wceb{jxvdczd ljcfdbgcvdag# Ad {jvgczd fga iae{!

yidvwxevd fdaaecvgxdzejcg fga xgmeyvd ijc Hoxn! gxd vdag fd xewyiexg d adciedxg cjc

yjaj ad idcvdcvg cgaajiièj fga ieiajcg! hgcy df dyyeiwxdxg davxgvvdcvd |eyeheaev

dci`g d Mjcfxu! i`g ye ydxghhg {je dllgxbdvj ijbg wcd fgaag {gxyjcdaev fe y{eiij

=4 J vxdy{dxgcvg? vxwiij hdydvj ywaawyj fe wcj yi`gxbj vxdyawiefj ywa twdag! fda xgvxj!

|egcg {xjegvvdvd wcd yigcd xe{xgyd {xgigfgcvgbgcvg! g feccdcze da twdag ye {jcmjcj dfdmexg mae dvvjxe# Cgaad cwj|d xe{xgyd ag fwg ebbdmece ye yj|xd{{jcmjcj#=8 [UVAEN!Dhyjawvg iev#! {# 4;6"4;7#=9 Ehefgb#


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97

ec dbhevj |efgj bwyeidag g {whhaeievdxej# Ag cjvg|jae id{diev fe gcvxdbhg! i`g ec

@wbdc Hg`d|ejwx vxj|d|dcj wcd {xebd {xj{ezed ljxbd! ydxdccj {je xehdfevg g

diixgyiewvg! cgaag ywiigyye|g ijaadhjxdzejce# Agb{dved fgaad ij{{ed Hoxn Mjcfxu

fdx ecldvve |evd ijb{agyye|dbgcvg d ygvvg |efgjiae{! d {dxvexg fda {xebj ljxvwcdvj

@wbdc Hg`d|ejwxlecj d mewcmgxg d Fgiadxg Ecfe{gcfgcig cga 8;;=#

EE#EE# \gcwy Dy D Hju

Ea ygijcfj hxdcj gyvxdvvj fd Fghwv \gcwy dy d hju? Gyig d awmaej 4559# Ad

idczjcg ijcig{evd ijbg wcjfg daad ygcyeheaev! dvvxd|gxyj wc ecmgcwj bd

y{d|dafj vgyvj fda ijcvgcwvj gxjveij! {xj{jyvj ec i`ed|g {jgveid# Hoxn {xjegvvd!

ijbg y{gyyj diidfg dci`g ec ygmwevj! wcd hwjcd fjyg fe dwvjhejmxdleybj

gbjve|j cge vgyve g cgaag dvbjylgxg fgaag {xj{xeg idczjce> vdag {dxvgie{dzejcg g

vxdy{jxvj ag yjcj ijcmgcedae cjc yjaj cgaad ijb{jyezejcg bwyeidag bd! ijbg ec

ygmwevj fdx {xj|d! ec jmce dvve|ev ec iwe ye d{{aeid# Ea ldvvj fe d{{dyyejcdxye

ecvgcydbgcvg d igxve dy{gvve fga {xj{xej% bjcfj ad gcvwyedybd d vda {wcvj fd cjc

{jvgx g|evdxg ec daiwc bjfj fe ldxaj d{{dxexg cgaad ywd dvve|ev# \gcwy dy d hju

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V`xw{{=7#

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9

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idcjxd ec {egcd xgmjad# Cgyywcj xgievd ad {dxvg fe wc {gxyjcdmmej cge ywje |efgj!

bd jmcwcj ecvgx{xgvd y yvgyyj j bgmaej! ad yvdx i`g %# Cgaagyvgveid

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{xg|gfg ad leajyjled {j{ i`g xd{{xgygcvd#

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g e bgfed d|g|dcj xeid|dvj fda yecmjadxg dvvgmmedbgcvj fe Hoxn? idxeidvwxg

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fga ywj jyygx|dxg fdaad ljvj fe ij{gxvecd! ea vgyvdxfj bd fey{jceheag bjfj fe {jxye! g{je mae yvxdyieiè fe wcd {xgigfgcvg {dxgcvgye {wcn mej|dceae! ad {xj|gcegczd

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Hoxn# G ea |efgj fe \gcwy dy d hjucjc ye yjvvxdg d twgyvd ajmeid#

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yvgcvd df dllgxbdxye ijbg wcd lemwxd hezzdxxd# Yj{èg Bwaagx ygbhxd gyvxd{jadxg

vwvvg twgaag idxdvvgxeyvei`g d{{dxgcvgbgcvg yvxdcg fe Hoxn g xewcexag ec wcwceid

ebbdmecg? e id{gaae xdiijave ag ijclgxeyijcj wcj yvxdcj dy{gvvj daegcj bgcvxg

adcjbdaj vxwiij fgmae jiiè xgmdad wc diigcvj twdye lwbgvveyveij da ywj |eyj#

Aecvgx{xgvdzejcg i`g Hoxn fd fe yg yvgyyd ijbg {xgvgcfg ea bgvjfj Bwaagx%

eb{giidheag! cjcjyvdcvg cwvxeyyg yidxyd ijc|eczejcg xemwdxfj agadhjxdzejcg fga

iae{#


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\gcwy dy d hju bgvvg ec yigcd ad felleijav fe iwjigxg wc wj|j ec {dfgaad

dvvxd|gxyj yidxye bj|ebgcve fe bdiiècd i`g ygmwjcj wcd iwxejyd gy{ajxdzejcg

fgaad |eigcfd! bgcvxg ea bjcvdmmej davgxcd idb{e bgfe! {edce dbgxeidce g {xebe

{edce# Ijc dxed feyvxdvvd Hoxn ye bwj|g cgaad iwiecd dxbgmmedcfj ywe ljxcgaae cga

vgcvdve|j fe xewyiexg cgaaeb{xgyd fe iwjigxg wc wj|j ec {dfgaad# Aefgd fgaawj|j cga

|efgjiae{ gxd fe Hoxn i`g |jag|d xgcfgxg jbdmmej df wcj fge aehxe i`g {e d|g|d

dbdvj cgaadfjagyigczd! jyyed Yvjxed fgaajiièj fe Mgjxmgy Hdvdeaag==# Twgyvj

xjbdczj ijcvegcg wc g{eyjfej gxjveij ec iwe gagbgcvj igcvxdag wc wj|j g cga

twdag Hoxn |gfg cjvg|jae y{wcve {gx efgdxg ea |efgjiae{> ijcyemaed twecfe daad Bwaagx ea

aehxj# Ea xeywavdvj! {gx! cjc ye dvvegcg bjavj daag dy{gvvdve|g? ^Yj{ègR ijcvecwd|d d

|jagxg i`g ljyyg ec {dfgaad ye adbgcvd Hoxn! ag feig|j! bd awj|j fga aehxj cjc

ec {dfgaad$ Daad ijtwg: Jn# Yjfj: Jn# Ixwfj: Jn# Bd ec {dfgaad cj$=0#

\gxjyebeabgcvg! Yj{èg Bwaagx cjc d|g|d {gx cwaad agvvj ae aehxj {xebd fe ecezedxg agxe{xgyg! ijy i`g ye dllef da ywj ecvwevj {gx fexemgxg ea iae{! cjcjyvdcvg ag xgyeyvgczg

fe Hoxn# [e vdxfe! d xe{xgyg lecevg! ad Bwaagx ièdbgx ad idcvdcvg! ijclefdcfj! fj{j

d|gx agvvj Yvjxed fgaajiièj i`g ad yigavd fgaawj|j ec {dfgaad gxd fd||gxj yhdmaedvd#

Ad bgyyd ec yigcd j{gxd yw yigavg ixjbdvei`g ijb{agbgcvdxe? ec iwiecd

fjbecdcj e vjce fga haw dzzwxxj! yw iwe ye bwj|g ad lemwxd fe Hoxn fjbecdvd fde

ijajxe idafe fga xjyyj g dxdciej# Ad awig fellwyd g e ijajxe |e|die! javxg i`g

ijb{agbgcvdxe! mejidcj d ld|jxg fe wcd yigcd bjavj xdmmedcvg# Ag dvbjylgxg idafg

g diijmaegcve! {xjvgvvg g ijcljxvg|jae |exdcj |gxyj wcd febgcyejcg cdxxdve|d twdye

ecldcveag fgaad |eigcfd# Ad ygb{aeiev fe Hoxn bgyyd daad {dxe fgaaeccjigczd fe

wcd hdbhecd i`g! fe lxjcvg df ijb{evj fe iwe cjc ye ygcvg daadavgzzd! aj gyjxiezzd

dvvxd|gxyj ea mejij# Wcd beyyejcg i`g ygbhxd ijcixgvezzdxye twdye {gx bdmed?

xelagyye g awiieièe! cdvwxdae ijbg twgaae jvvgcwve ywa bgvdaaj fgmae dxcgye fd iwiecd!

bdcgmmedve gcldveidbgcvg fd Hoxn fwxdcvg ea iae{% j dxveleiedae twgaae dmmewcve cgaag

wavebg ebbdmece fga iae{% gcldvezzdcj g yjvvjaecgdcj aecidcvgyebj fgaad hwjcd

== Yixevvj fd Mgjxmgy Hdvdeaag g {whhaeidvj yjvvj aj {ygwfjcebj fe Ajxf Dwi` cga 4580 ijcea vevjaj @eyvjexg fg aea#=0 [UVAEN!Dhyjawvg iev#! {#80


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xewyievd fgaad {xg{dxdzejcg fga {edvvj i`g! fj{j |dxe vgcvdve|e lecdabgcvg {xjcvj

{gx gyygxg ygx|evj#

EE#EEE# [adu Fgdf

Cgaajvvjhxg 4559 gyig ea vgxzj yecmjaj fe Hoxn yjaeyvd! [adu Fgdf# Ea hxdcj

|egcg yixevvj {gx gyygxg ecygxevj cgaad ijajccd yjcjxd fga leab Ujwcm Dbgxeidcy=5

fexgvvj fd Fdccu Idccjc g cjc ijb{xgyj cgaad vxdinaeyvfe Fghwv# Ad ygijcfd

gfezejcg fgaadahwb aj eciawfgx ijbg fjfeigyebd vxdiied gf jmme {xdveidbgcvg

ijcyefgxdvj ijbg {dxvg ecvgmxdcvg g agmevvebd fga feyij#

Ea |efgjiae{ i`g diijb{dmcd ad idczjcg wc {gxlgvvj gygb{ej fe adciej

{xjbjzejcdag ijcmewcvj fe leab g hxdcj bwyeidag {jxvdcvg# Ve{eij fgaad leaegxd

iecgbdvjmxdleid ijbbgxiedag jfegxcd ecldvve ad {xgfeagzejcg df dyyjiedxg wc

hxdcj bwyeidag diidvve|dcvg! fgvvj {jxvdcvg0;! da adciej fga leab# Ea hxdcj bwyeidag!

y{gyyj ijbbeyyejcdvj df dxveyve fe {wcvd fga bjbgcvj! vxj|d wcd {gxlgvvd

ijeciefgczd fe vdxmgv fe fgyvecdzejcg vxd idczjcg leab! g {gxbgvvg fe db{aedxg

cjvg|jabgcvg ea xdmmej fe eclawgczd fgaad {gaaeijad yw davxe idcdae cjc {xj{xedbgcvg

iecgbdvjmxdleie#

[adu Fgdf|egcg fwctwg ijbbeyyejcdvd d Hoxn fd Fd|ef Dxcjaf! ijb{jyevjxg

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vdag fd ijcvxehwexg da adciej fga leab# Dxcjaf d|g|d ecldvve vgxbecdvj fe ijb{jxxg

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{xjvdmjceyvd! ecvgx{xgvdvj fd @dx|gu Ngevga# Dxcjaf {xj{jyg d Hoxn ea {xjmgvvj! g

ywhevj ye ijcixgvezz wc hxdcj fe mxdcfg {jvgczd# Ea {gzzj ecldvve wcd xeiid g

yjcvwjyd {dxvevwxd jxi`gyvxdag ec yecvjced ijc ea vgyvj bgajfxdbbdveij fgaad

idczjcg! ijb{jyvj ec {egcd dfgxgczd dmae yvdve fdcebj fga {gxyjcdmmej

{xjvdmjceyvd fga leab04#

=5 Ujwcm Dbgxeidcy V`g Ujwcm Dbgxeidcy MH 4559% fe Fdccu Idccjc#0; [xj{xej {gx ad ywd idxdvvgxeyveid ijbbgxiedag fe yjyvgcgxg aecvgxd ijajccd yjcjxd! dci`gcga yjyvgcvdbgcvj fgaag |gcfevg fga bgxi`dcfeyemijxxgadvj daad {gaaeijad#04 Ec `vv{?**wcev#hojxn#ijb*y{gieday*m`*YWH"46*ecfgp#`vb


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xdmmewcmg ad {jyezejcg cwbgxj 48 fgaad iadyyeleid hxevdcceid g fe|gcvd ea yecmjaj fe

bdmmejxg ywiigyyj fe Hoxn lecj d twga bjbgcvj08#

Ea |efgjiae{! fwctwg! ecidxcd ec bjfj vjvdaezzdcvg ad ajmeid gy{dcyejceyveid fe

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vxdvvg fda leab ye davgxcdcj d ebbdmece fe {gxljxbdcig bwyeidag ld|jxgcfj ad

{gxigzejcg fe wc {xgywcvj ijec|jamebgcvj fe Hoxn daaecvgxcj fgaad {gaaeijad# Ea

bjcvdmmej davgxcdvj! cjcjyvdcvg xey{giiè ixjbdveidbgcvg g xevbeidbgcvg ea bjve|j

bwyeidag! ywmmgxeyig aefgd i`g mae dvvjxe dyyeyvdcj daad {gxljxbdcig fgaad idcvdcvg#

Aecvgxdzejcg leab |efgjiae{ ygbhxd fwctwg gyygxg bgfedvd fd twgyvd yevwdzejcg

ecvgxbgfed! i`g |gfg ag fwg xgdav feyvecvg ljcfgxye ec wcd gtweaehxdvd yebhejye

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ecygmcg awbecjyg i`g ecvgmxdcj ad fe|gxyd ljcvg fgaag ebbdmece#

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ecfwyvxedae! fdaad{{dxgczd yijcljxvdcvg g ldveyigcvg# Ea ygcyj fe yjaevwfecg i`g cg

fgxe|d ld|jxeyig aeb{xgyyejcg fe ajcvdcdczd gbjve|d g dhhdcfjcj vxd e {gxyjcdmme!

dvbjylgxd bgajfxdbbdveid ec aecgd ijc e vjce iw{e fgaad idczjcg g fga leab# E {xebe

{edce ye ywyygmwjcj ec wc mejij fe ijcvecwe xebdcfe vxd ag ebbdmece#

Ea |efgjiae{ fe [adu Fgdf xeywavd daaecgdvj ijc ad twdye vjvdaev fgaag idczjcgmgcgxdvg {gx gyemgczg iecgbdvjmxdlei`g! fj|g ad {xjbjzejcg fga leab {xejxevdxed!

g fj|g! twecfe! vwvve e bgzze fey{jceheae |gcmjcj ylxwvvdve da bdyyebj {gx xdmmewcmgxg

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wc bjfj {gx dewvdxg ad mgcvg df dllgxxdxg bgmaej ag beg idczjce 06 ijbg y{gyyj

feièdxd ad yvgyyd Hoxn xemwdxfj aeb{jxvdczd fgaady{gvvj |eywdag dyyjiedvj daad

bwyeid# [adu Fgdf ea xeywavdvj fe wcd fgaag vdcveyyebg ijaadhjxdzejce {xj{jyvg d

Hoxn fj{j awyievd g ea ywiigyyj fe Fghwv! fj|g {gx ea ijcvxehwvj fgaadxveyvd

aebevdvj daad ijb{jyezejcg gf gygiwzejcg fga hxdcj#

EE#E\# Hem Vebg Ygcywdaevu

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Ea vgxzj yecmjaj gyvxdvvj fd Fghwv Hem Vebg Ygcywdaevu# Gyig cga cj|gbhxg

4559# Ea hxdcj wc vxehwvj d Cgaagg @jj{gx! {xjfwvvjxg fgaadahwb! cjci` {gxlgvvd

dcebd mgbgaad dxveyveid g y{exevwdag fe Hoxn {gx vwvvj ea {xebj {gxejfj fgaad {xj{xed

idxxegxd#

Ea |efgjiae{ |gccg dllefdvj da vdagcvwjyj ljvjmxdlj lxdcigyg Yv{`dcgYgfcdjwe07! igaghxg {gx ag ywg ljvjmxdleg fe bjfd g fe yvdx d{{dxyg cgaag xe|eyvg {e

eb{jxvdcve fga {edcgvd# Ygfcdjwe lec fde {xebe dcce 5; ye d{{aeid dci`g de |efgj

bwyeidag! fe|gcvdcfj hgcg {xgyvj wc ecvgx{xgvg fe {xebj {edcj fe twgaad yigcd#

Twdcfj cga 4559 fexemg Hem Vebg Ygcywdaevu! ea lxdcigyg `d me daag ywg y{daag e

ywmmgyve|e iae{ |eywdae xgdaezzdve {gx Bdfjccd0

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twdaev vgicei`g! Ygfcdjwe ygbhxd jyygyyejcdvj fdaaefgd i`g ad xgdav cjc bde

twgaad i`g d{{dxg# Ebbgxye ec awjmè yjaevdxe! ijy{dxye fe |gxceie g jxcdve fd ijajxe

yigcjmxdleie ljxve g fecdbeie! e ywje |efgjiae{ |dcvdcj xehjaagcve dvbjylgxg

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mwyvj {evvjxeij {xg|dag yw jmce davxj dy{gvvj! gcldvezzdcfj ad {xjlgyyejcdaev

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ljvjmxdlj! ecldvve! xeijxfd fe gyygxg xebdyvj bjavj ija{evj g dlldyiecdvj fdaad |jig feHoxn! ygcvevd ec wcd fgaag {xebg idczjce! bgcvxg age! ijctweyvdvd fda ywj vdagcvj

|eye|j! ecyeyvg {gx dllefdxmae ad fexgzejcg fga |efgj#

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ywa xgvxj fe wc idbejc i`g dvvxd|gxyd ag yvxdfg fe Cg} Ujxn ijc wc gllgvvj fd||gxj

yvw{gldigcvg# Aefgd fgxe|d fd wceyvecve|d gbjzejcg {xj|dvd fd Yv{`dcg

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mxdvvdiegae g fgaag dwvj# Ygfcdjwe dllgxxd i`g yw twgaad |evdaev! i`g adcebd fgaad

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Ea xgmeyvd y{egmd i`g hdyvdvj {xgcfgxg wc idbejc! ecyvdaadxie wcd|efgjidbgxd leyyd cga ljcfj xebjxi`ej yij{gxvj xe|javd |gxyj ad idhecd g bgvvgxie

fd|dcve Hoxn d hdaadxg g idcvdxg> {je ecezedxg d mwefdxg {gx ag |eg fe Cg} Ujxn g

dy{gvvdxg fe |gfgxg ea xeywavdvj# Ag vjvdae fjfeie jxg fe mexdvj yjcj ea lxwvvj

fgaaecigyydcvg mexj|dmdxg fga idbejc g fga ijb{agyye|j gydwxebgcvj leyeij fgaad

idcvdcvg! javxg i`g jmmgvvj fe ecvgcyd iwxejyev vxd ad mgcvg g e {dyydcve! eciwxejyeve

fdaaecyjaevj d||gcebgcvj#

Majhdabgcvg ea |efgjiae{ cjc xeywavd bjavj ijb{agyyj# Ad |efgjidbgxd leyyd

{gxbgvvg wc yjaj {wcvj fe |eyvd! ijcvecwdbgcvg yjaagievdvj fda bj|ebgcvj fga

|geijaj g fde mgyve exxglxgcdheae fgaaecvxg{efd Hoxn# Ygczd gyevdzejcg! ad idcvdcvg ye


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yigavd yveaeyveid fga hedcij g cgxj ld|jxeyig wcjbjmgcgezzdzejcg fgaag ebbdmece g

wcd {e ièdxd g fexgvvd {gxigzejcg fga fj{{ej bj|ebgcvj# Ygfcdjwe ygbhxd

fwctwg {xglgxexg! twgyvd |javd! de yebhjaeie ijajxe g daag gbhagbdvei`g dvbjylgxg!wcd dcjcebd lwmd fdaad xgdav! twdye wc eyjadbgcvj fda idjy bgvxj{jaevdcj d

ld|jxg fe wc fexjb{gcvg ygcvebgcvdaeybj# Agcgxmed ijcvdmejyd gbdcdvd

fdaaecdxxgyvdheag hdaadxg fe Hoxn xeywavd fe xdxd {jvgczd# Gy{xgyye|ev g ljxzd yjcj

vjvdabgcvg dllefdve! twgyvd |javd! dczei` d vjce g ylwbdvwxg fe ijajxg! daaecieye|d

ecvgx{xgvdzejcg fgaad idcvdcvg# Ag fjfeie jxg fe xe{xgyg |gcmjcj {je ygvdiiedvg ec

ldyg fe bjcvdmmej g bjfeleidvg! ec hxg|e lxdcmgcve! fdaadiigagxdvj j fda xdaagcvdvj#

Ea |efgjiae{ ywheyig ec ygmwevj |dxe xebdcgmmedbgcve d idwyd fgaad twdye vjvdag

g ec|gxjyebeag% igcywxd eb{jyvd fd BV\ g HHI! i`g ijcyefgxdcj vxj{{j

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bjave ywiigyye|e yijcvxe ijc ad igcywxd vgag|eye|d#

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feyij bwyei! {xgygcvdcfjye ijbg diidvve|dcvg {gzzj {j{ fd hdaadxg#

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vwvvj ea |efgj yjcj e id{gaae! i`g vdmaedve! y{gvvecdve! xdydve jyygyyejcdcj vwvve e

{gxyjcdmme! ec wc mejij fe dyywxfd ljaaed#

Dci`g ec twgyvj idyj! ijbg cga {xgigfgcvg Hem Vebg Ygcywdaevu! ea {wcvj fe

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fe iwxd {yeièdvxeid fdaag diigyg {dxgve ijajx dzzwxxj g fdaad gydavdvd {xjy{gvve|d ywa

54 [UVAEN!Dhyjawvg iev#! {#80


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ljcfj# Ea bjcvdmmej vgcfg df dfgxexg da xevbj fgaad idczjcg! ijc {dyydmme |gajie#

[gx vwvvd ad fwxdvd fga iae{! xebdcmjcj mxdleidbgcvg g|efgcve e ygmce ljvjmxdleie fga

bexecj g dvve|e gf gydmgxdve ywjce ijbg mae eyvgxeie ija{e fe ljxheig g! ywa lecexg! ea

xe{gveve|j {dxadxg fgaad hdbhjad mejidvvjaj yvebjadvd fdaaecydcj {xjvdmjceyvd#

Ea iae{ xd{{xgygcvd twecfe ec bjfj yiedahj ag vjxbgcvdcvg bd |e|efg dvbjylgxgfga hxdcj! xelagvvgcfj yw{gxleiedabgcvg ag {xjljcfg yjcjxev dief fdcig dvvxd|gxyj

ijclwye bj|ebgcve ijx{jxge mj|gxcdve fdaad {xgywcvd {dzzed eyvgxeid fge {gxyjcdmme#

Hoxn |e ye ijcljcfg dcjcebdbgcvg> ijyvxgvvd ec wcd idbeied fe ljxzd cjc gbgxmg

bde ijbg {xjvdmjceyvd dyyjawvd fga |efgj# Ad idxdvvgxezzd agyiawye|j xebdxidcvg

idcvdxg ea hxdcj fe yjvvjljcfj#

Ec vwvvg aj{gxd fe Bjcfecj ygbhxd {xg|dagxg wc mwyvj ybdiidvdbgcvg {dvecdvj

fe wcd yjiegv i`ei {j{! ebbgxyd ec iadwyvxjljhei`g dbhegcvdzejce madbjwx fj|g ea

hgcgyygxg {gx ygbhxd giigaagxg# Wc |gzzgmmedvj dvvgmmedbgcvj i`g ye y{jyd

{gxlgvvdbgcvg ijc ad |jaeve|d Bdfjccd! i`g ldx fe Bjcfecj wcj fge ywje lefe

ijaadhjxdvjxe# Yg ecldvve Bdfjccd ye ebbgxmg {gxlgvvdbgcvg cgaag jyvgcvdvg

eclagyyejce {j{ ixgdvg d `ji {gx age fda ljvjmxdlj56! Hoxn d{{dxg ajcvdcd fd jmce

ecvgcvj yi`egvvdbgcvg ijbbgxiedag g bdvgxedaeyvd57# Ea ywj {j{! {e i`g d{{dxgczd

|wjag gyygxg gy{ajxdzejcg! ecfdmecg# Ec twgyvj ea iae{ fe Bjcfecj ldaaeyig ec bjfj

adb{dcvg! {gxi` yjvvj ad {dvecdvd |gyvg fe \ejagcvau @d{{ucjc ygbhxd gbgxmgxg

daiwcd yjyvdczd# Ad y{eiidvd {xjlgyyejcdaev fe Ogdc Hd{veyvg Bjcfecj {dxgfwctwg igfgxg ea {dyyj twgyvd |javd d wcd {wxg gyehezejcg bdcegxeyvd# Ea lxdcigyg!

i`g ijy idcfefdbgcvg d|g|d ijavj agyygczd feyixgvd fgaad cwj|d dxxe|dvd Hoxn!

ecvebefevd bd ijcyd{g|jag fga {xj{xej vdagcvj! g ad|g|d gyehevd g diijb{dmcdvd

ijc e ywje yidvve ec twdye vwvvg ag ebbdmece fe Fghwvg yecmjae! jxd ad idvd{wavd|d ec

wc beixj bjcfj {egcj fe eb{waye g {xj{wayejce! cga |dcj vgcvdve|j fe xelagvvgxg cga

bjfj {e {wcvwdag {jyyeheag ea idafj jyieaadxg fe \ejagcvau @d{{u#

56 Hdyve {gcydxg daaj yveag ij}"mexa agmdvj da adciej fgaadahwb Bwyei fe BdfjccdBd|gxein*]dxcgx Hxjy#! 8;;;%! ecvgxdbgcvg ixgdvj fdaagtweaehxdvj vdagcvj |eye|j fe OgdcHd{veyvg Bjcfecj! yieyyj! ec twgyvj idyj! vxd ljvjmxdled g |efgjiae{#57 Agmdvj iej da hwyecgyy g da {xjlevvj#


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Id{evjaj EEE

[JYV

Ea ygijcfj ad|jxj fe Hoxn gyig cga 4557# [jyv {w gyygxg fglecevj ijbg

aefgdag ygmwevj fe Fghwv! ec twdcvj gadhjxd yjyvdczedabgcvg ijc bdmmejxgijcyd{g|jagzzd ag bgfgyebg eyvdczg jvvebeyvei`g agmdvg daad |evd g daadbjxg

idxdvvgxeyvei`g dci`g fga {xebj ad|jxj# Wcd fexgzejcg {e i`edxd! ecldvve! xgcfg [jyv

{e ijb{dvvj g feyec|javj! ld|jxevj fd yge |efgjiae{ i`g diijb{dmcdcj mae davxgvvdcve

yecmjae# Ad fexgzejcg fge iae{! ecldvve! dvvxehwevd d vxg fge {e yvebdve g dllgxbdve

|efgjbdngxy bjcfedae! i`g dheabgcvg Hoxn dvvexd d yg ec vgb{e ec iwe advvgczejcg

cge ijclxjcve fge |efgjiae{ g fge ajxj xgmeyve dcijxd {xgyyji` yijcjyiewvd#

Ag ijaadhjxdzejce g e ijcvxehwve {gx ad xgdaezzdzejcg fe [jyv ye eclevveyijcj

ijec|jamgcfj cjbe fe {xebjxfecg# Fj{j ea lgijcfj yjfdaezej fe Fghwv! Cgaagg

@jj{gx ye fgfeid df davxe {xjmgvve g ijcvxehweyig da cwj|j ad|jxj ec bjfj bdxmecdag!

adyiedcfj ea {jyvj daad yjcjxev fe Vxeinu! @j}eg H g Mxd`db Bdyygu fgmae 0;0

Yvdvg# Cjcjyvdcvg Hoxn xeijcjyid d @jj{gx wc ljcfdbgcvdag ijcvxehwvj cgaad

{xg{dxdzejcg fga {xebj dahwb Fghwv! fgyefgxd {gx[jyvdaadxmdxg mae jxezzjcve# @d

ijcyd{g|jagzzd fgaaeb{da{dheag bdmed fge |gxe yidbhe dxveyveie g fgyefgxd|d

{xj|dxg twdai`g xeyi`ej# Vgbg yj{xdvvwvvj aefgd fe xe{gvgxye twdcvj d yjcjxev#

Ygcvg dyyjawvdbgcvg agyemgczd fe wc xeccj|dbgcvj g fe g|jawzejcg#Agadhjxdzejcg fe [jyv! ec jmce idyj! {dxvg fd {xgyw{{jyve bjavj fellgxgcve# Yg


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Fghwv eciawfg|d {xjmgvve i`g Hoxn {jxvd|d d|dcve fd dcce! efgg diiwbwadvg cge

fegie dcce {xgigfgcve g i`g yjaj fd yjaeyvd gxd xewyievd d y|eaw{{dxg g vgxbecdxg!

[jyv ec|gig {e ebbgfedvj# Mjfg fe wcd bdmmejxg lxgyi`gzzd! fe wc {e |dyvj

d{{jxvj fe yjcjxev g fe wcd yw{gxejxg ijcyd{g|jagzzd vgiceid g dxveyveid fgaad

idcvdcvg yvgyyd#Wcd {xebd xgmeyvxdzejcg fgaadahwb |egcg ldvvd daad Hd`dbdy# Hoxn ygbhxd

xeid|dxg fd twgaadbhegcvg gyjveij g {evvjxgyij cwj|d aecld |evdag {gx aj y|eaw{{j fe

efgg# Ea fexgvvj ijcvdvvj ijc ad cdvwxd! fd ygb{xg gyygczedag {gx ad idcvdcvg!

bjavj ecvgcyj# E xdiijcve ywaad ygyyejc fe xgmeyvxdzejcg5< yjvvecvgcfjcj wc ijyvdcvg

ijclxjcvj ijc ad cdvwxd! ljcfdbgcvdag {gx aj y|eaw{{j fgaad idxdvvgxeyveid dvbjylgxd

fe [jyv# Cg fgxe|d wcd agcvd {xjmxgyyejcg |gxyj wc ygb{xg bdmmejxg

y{gxebgcvdaeybj yjcjxj i`g ye dllgxbgx ec bjfj ygb{xg {e xdfeidag ijc ea

{xjigfgxg fga vgb{j g fgmae dahwb#

E |efgjiae{ fge yge yecmjae gyvxdvve fd [jyv xeijclgxbdcj aeb{jxvdcvg yjfdaezej

ijc Bei`ga Mjcfxu! da twdag cg |gcmjcj dllefdve hgc vxg# [gx Evy J` Yj Twegvldx

ad ywd {xebd ijb{dxyd wc davxj diiadbdvj |efgjbdngx! Y{eng Ojczg! bgcvxg

Yv{`dcg Ygfcdjwe ye {xgyvd daad xgmed fe wc |efgjiae{ g daad xgdaezzdzejcg fgaad

ij{gxvecd ljvjmxdleid fgaadahwb [jyv# \javdvd {dmecd daadxed eccjigcvg g

ldciewaagyid ixgdvd fda xevxdvvj becebdaeyvd fe Bjcfecj {gx ad ij|gxfe Fghwv! [jyv

diijb{dmcdvj fd wcebbdmecg xeiid g |evdag# Wc mwyvj {j{ xgcfg wcd fecdbeid{gxigzejcg fga bj|ebgcvj> e ijajxe! |e|die g ydvwxe! ijclgxeyijcj gyjveiev g

ebbgfedvgzzd! aj ymwdxfj {xjxjb{gcvg fe Hoxn ie jyygx|d ijc lgxbgzzd# Aj yidvvj

dllgxxd ec bjfj wmwdag wcd bdmmejxg ijyiegczd dxveyveid g bwyeidag fgaad idcvdcvg

g ad cdvwxd ljxvgbgcvg gy{xgyye|d fge {gzze ijcvgcwve cgaadahwb#

Daawyievd fe [jyv ygmwg ad {xjbgyyd fe wc dahwb xgbep! Vgagmxdb! mewcvj d

{whhaeidzejcg yjaj cga 5=# Twgyvd |javd diijb{dmcdvj fd wcd ljvj"ij|gx fe

Cjhwujy`e Dxdne5=! bjyyd g yljidvd! Vgagmxdb xe{xj{jcg e hxdce fe [jyv ec wcd

|gyvg bgcj jxgii`edheag g {e yidxcd# Ijcyefgxdvj fd Hoxn ljcfdbgcvdag vdcvj

twdcvj e fwg {xgigfgcve! adahwb |egcg diijavj veg{efdbgcvg fdaad ixeveid i`g aj

{gxig{eyig ijbg gyeag wc xe{egmj ijbbgxiedag50#

5< [UVAEN!Dhyjawvg! {#4865= Ljvjmxdlj med{{jcgyg fe ecfeyiwyyd ldbd# Dvvxdvvj fd vgbdvei`g gxjvei`g agmdvgdaaecfwyvxed fga ygyyj med{{jcgyg! Dxdne ye ijclemwxd feyvdcvg fdaaj yvdx hwyecgyy#Cjcjyvdcvg ie! ye ijcigfg {e fe wcd |javd d Hoxn {gx ygx|eze ljvjmxdleie#50 [UVAEN!Dhyjawvg! {#4


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6 dcdbjxljye g feyvjxyejce ye ijcvxd{{jcmjcj dfeb{jyyeheae

ijb{gcgvxdzejce fgmae y{dze# Ea iae{ ec yjyvdczd wc gy{gxebgcvj ijcjyieve|j

ywaadbhemwev fgaad bgcvg wbdcd! dwvjcjbd cgaad fgljxbdzejcg fgaad xgdav

dvvxd|gxyj ea leavxj fgaad {gxigzejcg#

Ea fghevj {e {xjljcfj twgyvd |javd cge ijclxjcve fgaadxveyvd jadcfgyg Bdwxevy

Ijxcgaey Gyi`gx! ixgdvjxg fe dlldyiecdve {dxdfjyye |eye|e fe fgxe|dzejcg {gxigvve|d fd

iwe ea |efgjiae{ vxdg ey{exdzejcg# Mae jvvj ae|gaae |eye|e i`g ye davgxcdcj g ye ecixjiedcj

cga |efgjiae{ ylxwvvdcj ad ijyvdcvgbgcvg xeigxid fd {dxvg fgaad bgcvg wbdcd fe wcd

xd{{xgygcvdzejcg y{dzedabgcvg yjyvgceheag ecygmwgcfj ad bgfgyebd xeigxid

ecfdmdvd fdaajadcfgyg Gyi`gx# Mjcfxu ylxwvvd jmce bgzzj bwavebgfedag ijcygcvevj

{gx dbdamdbdxg ag fellgxgcve yw{gxleie fge {edce g diigcvwdxg e aebeve {gxigvve|e i`g ag


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ebbdmece ywaaj yi`gxbj ie eb{jcmjcj# Fgyvdheaezzdcve {dyydmme fdaad ygijcfd daad

vgxzd febgcyejcg! me {xgygcvdve fd Gyi`gx cgaag ywg ecieyejce! yjcj xegadhjxdvg

fdaajiièj dvvgcvj fe Mjcfxu {gx ldx d{{dxexg e bgfgyebe gllgvve dvvxd|gxyj mae

yvxwbgcve iecgbdvjmxdleie# Ea lxdcigyg! ecldvve! y ec {dxvgczd i`g ea bgzzj ijc iwe

ad|jxd fe {gx y wcd yebwadzejcg {gxigvve|d! fj|g aj y{gvvdvjxg ecvgcfg wcdvxefebgcyejcdaev i`g ec|gig d{{dxgcvg! iej hdydvd yw wcd {xjegzejcg

hefebgcyejcdag# Daaj yvgyyj bjfj fgaad {xjy{gvve|d ec {evvwxd! dci`g ea iecgbd

y{ecmg ad bgcvg wbdcd g ixgfgxg daad |gxefeiev y{dzedag i`g mae ye {xj{jcg# Gyi`gx

cgaag {xj{xeg yvdb{g mejid ec bdcegxd adb{dcvg yw aeaawyejcg {xjy{gvveid

{xjfwigcfj dlldyiecdcve gf gcembdveie {dxdfjyye# Mjcfxu! fdaad ywd! fey{jcg

dci`g fga bj|ebgcvj! yvxwbgcvj ec|gig j||edbgcvg cjc wveaezzdvj fdaaecieyjxg

jadcfgyg48

yidvvdcve g dwvjbdvezzdve bj|ebgcve fe bdiiècd xe|gadcj ad fj{{ed febgcyejcg fe

daiwce ae|gaae! i`g ye d{{edvveyijcj g feadvdcj ijc gllgvve feyvjxigcve ag ebbdmece!

bgcvxg bdcvgcmjcj vxefebgcyejcdabgcvg {adwyeheae mae davxe {edce#

Ad ijb{agyyd xgdaezzdzejcg fga |efgj {xg|gfg ad {xejxevdxed {xg{dxdzejcg fe

daiwce leabdve! {je {xjegvvdve yw adyvxg fe |gvxj yj|xd{{jyvg da bjbgcvj fgaag xe{xgyg!

ygmwevd fdaad {xg{dxdzejcg fge |dxe ygv fe xe{xgyd g fda bdvgbdveij idaijaj fge

bj|ebgcve fe bdiiècd fd ygmwexg ec ldyg fe xe{xgyd# Dvvxd|gxyj ea mejij fe awie g ad

yvwfedvd |dxedzejcg fgaad fwxdvd fgaag xe{xjfwzejce! ea |efgj bjyvxd ebbdmece i`g fe|javd ec |javd ye bgyijadcj! ye ecvgxygidcj! ye dccwaadcj! ye davgxdcj! gbgxmjcj g

yijb{dejcj# Mjcfxu j{gxd! javxg df wcd yg{dxdzejcg leyeid fge {edce! dci`g wcd

fe|eyejcg twdaevdve|d fgaag ebbdmece# Ebbdmece yjbbdxedbgcvg fglecevg! {gxyjcdmme

fd |efgjmdbg g bjfgaaece fe {dgydmme ijc|e|jcj g ye feyvecmwjcj cgaaj yi`gxbj#

Ad yjyvdczedag feywmwdmaedczd fe {xj|gcegczd fgmae yvebjae {xj{jyve g adlldyiecdvg

mejij ywaad ajxj y{dzedaev g ecvgxdzejcg ija{eyig {gx adyywxfj id{j|jamebgcvj

{gxigvve|j j{gxdvj#

Daag bjavg{aeie g yldiigvvdvg fglecezejce i`g ea lxdcigyg gyvxd{jad fda twdye

eb{jyyeheag fd ecvgx{xgvdxg48= vgyvj fga hxdcj! ijxxey{jcfj davxgvvdcve fwhhe

xemwdxfj ad xgdaezzdzejcg vgiceid fe daiwcg ldye fga |efgjiae{# Ad hdyg yw iwe Mjcfxu

ecvgcfg ad|jxdxg ad ijcvxd{{jyezejcg vxd dcebd g ijx{j# Ec {xebd eyvdczd Mjcfxu

ygbhxd ecvgczejcdvj df wveaezzdxg ea yw{{jxvj yiwavjxgj {gx yjyvevwexg ea xgdag ijx{j

fe Hoxn# Ad xgyd dxveleiejyd ydxghhg ec vda bjfj vjvdag ec twdcfj jmce ebbdmecg

xeywavd feyvdcvg fd bgxe ecvgcve xgdaeyveie# Ea xgmeyvd j{vd eclecg {gx awveaezzj {dyye|j

48< Yw iwe! da ijcvxdxej ad|jxdcj bjave fgmae dxveyve fgaadxvg iecgveid! i`g ijcyefgxdcj aj{gxdcgaad ywd ecvgxdzejcg ijc aj y{dzej g ijc mae y{gvvdvjxe! hdydcfj mae gllgvve jvveie dci`g ywebj|ebgcve fe twgyvwavebe#48= Ec }}}#fexgivjx"leag#ijb*mjcfxu*hojxn6#`vba? E ljwcf ev dabjyv eb{jyyeheag vj ecvgx{xgv#


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yidmaedvd fdaad exxglxgcdheag

lxgcgyed ajcfecgyg daad ygxgcd g {dieleid Xguond|en! ad idcvdcvg xevxj|d wc gtweaehxej#

[gx ad {xebd |javd ea ldbeaedxg ywjaj cdvdag ag ygbhx wc {wcvj lgxbj fe iwe d|g|d


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ywj dxxe|j daadgxj{jxvj fe Hdcmnjn! ec Vdeadcfed! Hoxn! ec {xgfd df ecijcvxjaadheag

cgx|jyeybj! dmmxgfeyig ad mejxcdaeyvd vgag|eye|d Owaeg Ndwlbdc! ec xey{jyvd df wc

vgcvdve|j fe ecvgx|eyvd# Ag{eyjfej ye ijclemwxd ijbg fexgvvj xeywavdvj fga cjvg|jag

yvxgyy diiwbwadvj fdaad idcvdcvg cge {xgigfgcve bgye fe vjwxcgg! bd |gccg

gcldvezzdvj fdaad yvdb{d bjcfedag! {xg|gfeheabgcvg! ec bjfj cgmdve|j# Cga

ygvvgbhxg 5

wavgxejxbgcvg Hoxn# Aj{gz! wc mej|dcg gbdxmecdvj fe Bedbe Hgdi`! dllgvvj fd wcd

ybeywxdvd bdced {gx Hoxn! ye yweief ijc wc ija{j fe {eyvjad fj{j d|gxag ecfexezzdvj

wc {diij fda ijcvgcwvj vjyyeij ijc iwe bgvvg|d ec {gxeijaj ad |evd fgaad idcvdcvg495#

Gcvxdbhe twgyve g{eyjfe ywyievdcj ec Hoxn ea fgyefgxej fe wc feyvdiij i`edxj vxd

lemwxd {whhaeid g |evd {xe|dvd# Twgyvd me diigccdvd yg{dxdzejcg fe|gcvd d {dxvexg

fd twga {gxejfj bjavj {e bdxidvd g ijcixgvd# Cgaad ij|gx yvgyyd fgaadahwb

@jbjmgceiye yijxmg twgyvj {xgieyj ecfexezzj? aeb{jcgcvg {xgygczd bdyi`gxdvd fe

Hoxn! ec heaeij vxd gyjveij g lwvwxeyvd! ye yvdmaed exxgbj|eheag yw wcj yljcfj mxemejfgijxdvj# Dvvxd|gxyj wcd bdyi`gxd Hoxn bjyvxd jxd ea {xj{xej |javj fe dxveyvd!

yldiigvvdvj g bjavg{aeig! dczei` ag {xj{xeg d{{dxgczg fe ecfe|efwj! xdmmewcmgcfj

ae|gaae fe ecfdmecg fe y {e {xjljcfe# Cjc xe|gadcfj ag {xj{xeg ygbhedczg g

idbwlldcfjye fegvxj d{{dxgczg gyvxdcgg Hoxn! ec xgdav! xe|gad ec bjfj {e

dwvgcveij ea {xj{xej y{exevj dxveyveij#

Ea ywmmgyve|j ecyegbg jxcdbgcvdag eb{xgyyj cgaad ij|gx fe @jbjmgcei|egcg

iwxdvj fdaaj yveaeyvd Dagpdcfgx BiTwggc46;! lemwxd gyvxdcgd da bjcfj fgaad bwyeid

bd gyvxgbdbgcvg dvvxdvvj fdaag {e y|dxedvg ijaadhjxdzejce g ijcvdbecdzejce# [gx

bjave |gxye! ecldvve! Dagpdcfgx BiTwggc diijyvdheag {gx leajyjled ixgdve|d d Hoxn!

wmwdabgcvg eb{gmcdvd ec wcd ajmeid wcejcg vxd wjbj g cdvwxd# Vxdvvj

idxdvvgxezzdcvg fe BiTwggc! ecldvve! ea ijcvxdyvj fe gagbgcve vxdfezejcdae g bjfgxce

ec wc lawefj ecvxgiiej! i`g xgcfg ag ywg ijaagzejce gygb{adxe {gx jxemecdaev g

xdllecdvgzzd# Daaj yvgyyj bjfj Hoxn d{{dxg ec @jbjmgcei? dyyjawvdbgcvg

vgicjajmeid fd wc advj g eyvecve|dbgcvg ygb{aeig g cdvwxdag fdaadavxj# BiTwggc g

Hoxn ijaadhjxdcj ywiigyye|dbgcvg ecyegbg {gx ad xgdaezzdzejcg fge |efgjiae{

495Ad xjinyvdx Hoxn |e|d {gx bexdijaj! Ad Xg{whhaeid! 45 ygvvgbhxg 455


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=;

E\#E# OjmdOjmd ea yecmjaj yigavj {gx ecvxjfwxxg awyievd fe @jbjmgcei# Ea vgyvj fga hxdcj

yixevvj fda {jgvd Yojc gf fgfeidvj daadbeid fe Hoxn Ojmd# Gyig cga ygvvgb

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