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SISTEM SCADA DESTINAT ASISTRII DECIZIILOR,MONITORIZRII, ANALIZEI CALITII MEDIULUI

SCADA SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENT MONITORING,RESOLUTIONS, THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY

Gabriel VLDU, Camelia COJOCARU, Cornelia CROITORU, Floarea POP,ICSI Rminicu Vlcea, Mihai PTRACU, Ervin WATZLAWEK

Rezumat: Aceast lucrare i propune sprezinte un sistem de monitorizare a mediului,i de prevenire a accidentelor chimice. Sistemulva urmri ca efectele accidentului tehnologic,exprimate n uniti de poluare, s e redusela minimum astfel ca acestea s se nscrie laun nivel acceptabil; riscurile vor evitate iarurgenele care pot aprea vor rezolvate prompt.Obiectivul tiintic primar const ntr-o conectarecomplet ntre toate conceptele accidentuluitehnologic, monitorizarea tehnologic i a

noxelor, securitatea industrial, planul de alertaren caz de accident chimic, evitarea accidentelor,simulare, luarea de decizii asistate, prognoze,modelarea dispersiei gazelor n atmosferfuncie de relief i de condiiile meteorologice.inta principal a sistemului (exprimat nuniti de poluare) este de a evita accidentele,de a lansa sistemul de avertizare nainte caaccidentul s aib loc, i de a menine instalaiilela nivele tehnologice care s nu afecteze factoriide mediu. Rolul sistemului (n aplicaii destinateConsiliului Judeean, Autoritilor de ProtecieCivil, Ageniilor pentru Protecia Mediului) estede a monitoriza unitile de poluare, n ariilecare ar putea afectate de factorii de poluare,astfel nct acestea s e meninute la un nivelacceptabil i pentru a reduce efectul lor.

Cuvinte cheie: sistemul SCADA, monitorizareamediului, pachete de software

Abstract: This paper propose to present asystem for environment monitoring and chemicalaccident prevention. The technological accidentwill be minimised in the pollution units, so it canbe at a tolerant acceptance level, risk will beavoid and emergencies that may occur will bepromptly solved. The system achievement is thatit informs the decision factors in territory aboutwhat decisions shall be carried-out while anaccident may occur. The primary scientic objectis a complete connection between all concepts

of technological accident, technological andnoxis monitoring, industrial security, chemicalalarm plan, avoiding accidents, simulation,assisted decision, prognosis, modelling gassesdispersion in the atmosphere in relief andmeteorological conditions. The system maintarget (in the pollution units) is to avoid, tolaunch the alarm before accidents occur, and tomaintain the installations at technological levelsthat doesnt affect medium factors. The systemrole (in areas District Council-Civil Protection

Authorities -Environment Protection Agency)is monitoring the pollution units, the areas thatmight be affected by the pollution factors forkeeping them at a tolerable acceptance leveland to minimise their effect.

Key words: SCADA System, environmentmonitoring, software packages.

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1. Introducere; generaliti

Sistemul propus se nscrie n prioritileunitii cu componente:

1. Creterea nivelului de securitate prinutilizarea celor mai bune tehnologii

2. Identicarea i evaluarea riscurilor peecare activitate i faza de fabricat3. Adoptarea celor mai bune msuri de

prevenire a situaiilor de urgen4. Asigurarea interveniei optime pentru

eliminarea rapid a situaiilor de urgen.Riscul pe care l reprezint fabrica de

ap grea ROMAG PROD Drobeta provine de lastocarea i vehicularea unor cantiti importantede hidrogen sulfurat i respectiv de propan. Oalt substan poluant evacuat n atmosfer,

n cantiti mici la funcionare normal, este

bioxidul de sulf, rezultat n urma arderii la faclade serviciu a hidrogenului sulfurat. Cantiti maride SO2 se produc n situaie de avarie, cnd seevacueaz cantiti mari de hidrogen sulfurat lafacla de avarie.

Sistemele realizate au la baz concepiade sistem distribuit i deschis, putnd adaptatei extinse n etape succesive i interfaatecu aplicaii astfel nct s acopere cerineleunui sistem modern de securitate i rspuns

n caz de urgen, de funcionare n condiiide risc tehnologic. Sistemele ofera informaiictre compartimentele care concur att laconducerea operativ a procesului tehnologicct i la urmrirea i luarea deciziilor privitoarela impactul unui eveniment chimic asupra zoneidin incinta sau vecintatea RAAN ROMAGProd. Acest sisteme sunt integrate n sistemulinformatic ROMAG n scopul realizrii ecientea managementului la nivel de platform.

Prin acest concept se realizeazprivirea unitar a conceptelor de risc

tehnologic, monitorizare n timp real anoxelor, prentmpinarea accidentelor prinmonitorizarea n timp real a procesuluitehnologic, simularea, prognozafuncie de condiiile meteo climatice.

Politica de securitate a RAAN SucursalaROMAG -PROD

Conducerea Sucursalei ROMAG- PROD stabilete i menine un sistem demanagement de securitate care s reectepolitica de securitate care s rspund cerinelorstandardului OHSAS 18001/2008.Sistemulde management de securitate implementat i

1. Scientometry

The proposed system registers inthe priorities of the unity with the followingcompounds:

1. The increasing of the security level

trough the advantage of the best technologies2. The identication and appreciationof the risks on each activity and at the phaseproduct

3. The adoption of the best measures forpreventing the emergency situations

4. The assurance of the best interventionfor the quickly deletion of the emergencysituations.

The risk that reports the heavy waterfactory ROMAG PROD Drobeta proceeds fromthe stockage and the transportation of some

signicant quantities of sulphuretted hydrogenand respectively propane. Another pollutantagent, which is evacuce in the atmosphere, inlow quantities at normal function is the sulphurdioxide, which is the outcome of the combustionat the are serve of the sulphuretted hydrogen.High quantities of SO2 are sproutted in caseof average, when high quantities of sulphurettedhydrogen are ladle out at the are average.

The attained systems have as a base rulethe conception ofspread and open system, andthey can be adjust and extended in successivestages and interfaced with applications thatthey cover the requests of a modern securitysystem and an answer in emergency case, orin case of technologic risk function conditions.The systems give informations to the rooms thatcompete at the operative administration of thetechnologic process and also at following andtaking decisions regarding the impact of onechemical event upon the area inside or nearthe RAAN ROMAG Prod. These systems are

integrated in the informatic system ROMAGwith the purpose of an efcient managementperformance at stage level.

Trough this concept are performed theunited sight of the technologic risk concepts, themonitoring in real time of the suspensions, theprevention of the accidents trough monitoring inreal time the technologic process, the simulation,the presage depending the weather conditions.The security policy of RAAN branch ofceROMAG -PROD

The management of the branch ofceROMAG - PROD lay down rules and maintainsa system of security management, that must

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meninut la Sucursala ROMAG PRODfuncioneaz pe baza urmtoarei faze:Conducerea la cel mai nalt nivel denetepolitica de securitate a Sucursalei ROMAG PROD i enun angajamentul de mbuntirecontinu i de prevenire a polurii.

Planicarea sistemului de management:stabilirea, redactarea, aprobarea i difuzareadocumentelor SMS.Implementare i funcionare. Vericare iaciuni corective/preventive.Analiza efectuat de conducere.

mbuntirea continu: din analiza performaneide securitate, a atingerii obiectivelor specicate,a satisfacerii cerinelor politicii i standarduluiOHSAS 18001, apare necesitatea revizuirii unorfazele anterioare; uxul se reia de la faza cenecesit mbuntire.

Calitatea i protejarea mediuluinconjurtor, a oamenilor i utilajelor sunt strnslegate de strategia dezvoltrii i de valoriledenitorii ale Sucursalei ROMAG -PROD.Conducerea a implementat un Sistem deAsigurare a Calitii n conformitate cu standardulISO 9001/2008 i a denit liniile directoare alepoliticii sale de mediu trecnd la elaborarea iimplementarea unui Sistem al Managementuluide Mediu propriu, n conformitate cu standardulISO 14001/2005 i a unui Sistem de Managementde securitate, n conformitate cu standardulOHSAS 18001/2008.

Descriere sistem

Pentru realizarea controlului procesului

tehnologic, managementului industrial, ncondiii de siguran n funcionare pe platformaROMAG-PROD se impune interconectareasubsistemelor de tip SCADA ntr-un sistem unicde achiziie, prelucrare i transmisii date care sconstituie baza pentru Intranetul ntreprinderii.Global, sistemul unicat asigur urmatoarelefuncii:

Prentmpina accidentele prinmeninerea instalaiilor n limite tehnologice;

Urmrete n permanen, n timp real,starea utilitilor i a consumurilor energetice;

monitorizeaza scprile de gaze n instalaii i njurul acestora;

Ofera informaii ctre factorii de decizie

reect the security policy, which can answerto the requirements of the standard OHSAS18001/2008.The security management system isimplemented and maintained at the branchofce ROMAG PROD and functions on base

of following phase:The management at the highest level denesthe security policy of the branch ofce ROMAG PROD and nominates the perpetual improvementengagement and the pollution prevention.The planication of the management system:the establishment, the editing, the approval andthe releasing of the SMS documents.The implementation and function.Check and remedy/ preventive actions.The management analysis.The perpetual improvement:from the analysis

of the security perfomance, the reaching of thementioned objectives, the satisfaction of thepolicy requirements and the standard OHSAS18001, appears the necessity of the revision ofsome anterior phases; the tide stream is repetedfrom the phase that needs improvement.

The quality and the environment, peopleand gears protection are tight related to thestrategy of the development and to the denitivevalues of the branch ofce ROMAG -PROD.The management have implemented a QualityAssurance System meeting the standard ISO9001/2008 and dened the directory lines of herenvironment policy, passing to the elaborationand implementation of a proper EnvironmentManagement System meeting the standardISO 14001/2005 and of a security ManagementSystem meeting the standard OHSAS18001/2008.

System description

For the performance of the technologic

control process it is imposed to the industrialmanagement in conditions of safety function onthe stage ROMAG-PROD the interconection ofthe SCADA subsystems in one unique systemof aquisition, conditioning and transmisions, thatconstitutes the basis for the company Intranet.Globally, the united system Assures the followingfunctions:

Prevents the accidents trough themaintenance of the instalations in technologiclimits;

Follows permanent in real time the state

of the gears and of the energetic discharges;Monitors the leaching gases in the

instalations and around them; 55


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pentru luarea deciziilor optime;asigura uxurile informatice necesaremanagementului si mersului economico-nanciar;

Proiectul a propus o soluie unitarpentru urmtoarele subsisteme:Subsistem Proces Tehnologic are

rolul de monitorizare a parametrilor tehnologici,ncadrarea ntre limitele funcionale, prealarmarei alarmare n cazul depirii limitelor, aareainformaiilor pe scheme sinoptice i gestiuneabazei de date, n scopul prentimpinriiaccidentelor i avariilor. Analiza bazei de datepoate oferi criterii de exploatare optim ainstalaiei. Subsistemul urmrete presiuni,presiuni difereniale, nivel de lichid, debite,

temperaturi, pH-uri, n zone stabilite prin studiulde risc.Subsistem Utiliti are rolul de

monitorizare a parametrilor ce caracterizeazutilitile tehnologice. Avnd n vedere faptulc procesul tehnologic este corelat cu modulde funcionare al utilitilor, se poate ncadrasubsistemul att la funcia de prentnpinarea accidentelor ct i la urmrirea ecieneiprocesului tehnologic prin evideniereaconsumurilor interne.

Subsistem Senzori Zona I i II are rolulde monitorizare a concentraiilor de gaze scpate

n interiorul i n imediata apropiere a instalaiilortehnologice. Senzorii sunt realizai pe baz decelule semiconductoare, funcionarea avnd labaz fenomenul de absorbie-desorbie a H2Sla suprafaa stratului oxidic semiconductor prindifuzie liber.

Subsistem Senzori pe 3 nivele are rolulde monitorizare a cantitilor de gaze scpate

n jurul instalaiilor, monitorizarea factorilor demediu i prognoza evoluiei norului toxic n cazul

unui accident. Subsistemul estimeaz locul ncare s-a produs accidentul precum i cantitateade gaz scpat. Acesta permite detecia,controlul i identicarea diferitelor surse deemisie ct i a scprilor fugitive. Subsistemuleste dotat cu senzori realizai pe baz de celuleelectrochimice, care ofer la ieire un semnal de12mA.

Subsistem Senzori Independeni Senzorii independeni sunt amplasai pe lnggurile de canal care prin natura lor permitscurgeri sau scpri de H2S. Subsistemul

de monitorizare asigur preluarea automata mrimilor ce caracterizeaz senzoriiindependeni, transmiterea acestor informaii

Offers informations to the decisionfactors for taking the best decisions;

assures the informatic tide streams,that are need for the management and for theeconomic-nancial development;

The project propused a united solutionfor the following subsystems:Subsystem Technologic process has

the role to monitor the technologic parameters,the framing between the functional limits, alertin case of the over limits, the display of theinformations on synoptic schemes and thedatabase control, in purpose of prevent theaccidents and the averages. The databaseanalysis can offer best exploitation criteria ofthe instalation. The subsystem pursuits thepressures, the differential pressures, the liquid

level, the debits, the temperatures, the pHs, inestablished areas trough the risk study.

Subsystem Utilities has the role tomonitor the parameters that characterize thetechnologic utilities. Regarding the fact thatthe technologic process is correlative with theway of utilities function, the subsystem can beframed at the accident prevent function andalso at the following of the technologic processefciency through the accentuation of the internaldischarges.

Subsystem Sensors area I and II hasthe role of monitoring the gases concentrations,which are leached in interior and near thetechnologic instalations. The sensors areperformed on semiconducting cells, the functionhas on the base the absorption-denudingphenomenon of H2S at the surface of the oxydicsemiconducting layer trough free diffusion.

Subsystem Sensors on 3 levels hasthe role of monitoring the leaching quantitiesof gases near the instalations, monitoring theenvironment factors and the presage of the

toxic cloud evolution in case of an accident. Thesubsystem dead reckons the place where theaccident happend and also the leach quantity ofgase. This allows the detection, the control andthe identication of the different transmissionsources and also of the quickly leaching. Thesubsystem is gifted with performed sensors onelectrochimic cells, which offer at the way out asignal of 12mA.

The subsystem independent sensors the independent sensors are placed nearthe manholes, which trough their nature allow

the leaches of H2S. The monitoring subsystemassures the automatic assumption of themeasures, which characterize the independent

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Informarea factorilor de decizie nvederea lurii msurilor optime ce se impun;

Managementul industrial corelatUrmrirea produciei;Administrarea, gestiunea sistemului;

creterea siguranei de operare n condiiinormale i de criz, randament tehnologic mrit(supravegherea de risc include supraveghereaconformitii tehnologice);

Sistemul unicat are rolul de a sprijinifactorul uman n vederea lurii deciziilor optimepentru conducerea procesului tehnologic i ncadrul planului de alarm chimic prin punereala dispoziie de informaii adecvate n formatspecic atribuiilor personalului i locului demunc.

Localizarea punctelor vulnerabileDepirea intervalelor normale de

variaie a parametrilor afecteaz nu numaiprocesul de separare izotopic, scazndproducia instalaiei, ci i sigurana funcionriiinstalaiei, n continuare se prezint tipuri desituaii periculoase care se creaz la depasireaacestor limite.

ntreruperea alimentrii cu energieelectric este evenimentul cel mai grav, naceast situaie se declaneaz alarma chimicageneral. Neintrarea n funciune a grupurilorDiesel de avarie impune ca toate robinetelede izolare cu acionare electric s e nchisemanual, de ctre operatorii de cmp.

Pot s apar emisii de H2S prin oprireapompelor pentru uide de etanare.

n cazul neopririi aburului de 30 ataexpansia termic duce la deschiderea supapelorde siguran i evacuarea H2S la facla de avarie,care poate s e sau s nu e operabil n acel

moment.Prin neoprirea apei de racire n racitoarese pot forma cristalohidrai.

Subsistem Senzori Zona I i II / Procestehnologic

Din punctul de vedere al arhitecturii,sitemul este dezvoltat pe modelul unei reeledistribuite de echipamente i microcalculatoareavnd la baz tehnica de calcul la nivelulstandardelor actuale pentru respectarea

cerinelor de prelucrare rapid a unui volumimportant de informaii, a cerinelor de abilitateridicat, i a necesitilor de acces deschis ctresistemul informatic ROMAG.

or printer, with the posibility of their completing/modication by the user;

The informing of the decission factorsregarding the best measures, that are imposed;

The industrial correlative managementThe following of the production;The administration, the management of

the system;The increasing of the safety operation in

normal and crisis conditions, higher technologicrating (the supervision of the risk includes thesupervision of the technologic conformity);

The united system has the role ofsuporting the human factor regarding thebest decissions for the management of thetechnologic process and in the plan of chimicalalarm trough proper informations in a specicform for the personnels atributions and for the

working place.

The localization of the vulnerable pointsThe overtaking of the normal intervals of

variation of the parameters, that affect not onlythe izotopic process of separation declining theproduction of the instalation but also the safetyof the functioning of the instalation, forwardsthey are exposed tipes of dangerous situations,that appear at the overtaking of these limits.

The abruption of supply with electricenergy is the worst event, in this situationthe general chimical alarm is switch out. Notfunctioning of the Diesel groups of averageimpose that all the insulation taps with electricaction will be closed by hand by the eldoperators.

It can appear emissions of H2S troughthe blocking of the consolidation pumps for theuids.

In case of spreading the steam of 30 atatermic expansion it leads to the opening of thesafety vents and the ladling out of H2S at the

average are, which can be operable or can notat that moment.Trough the not stopping of the cooling

water they can be formed crystal-hydrates.

Subsystem Sensors area I and II / technologicprocess

From the point of view of the architecture,the system is extended on a pattern of onesuppling network of gears and microcomputershaving at the base the technic account at thepresent standard levels for the revering of the

quickly conditioning requirements of an importantvolume of informations, of the higher realiabilityof requirements and of the necessities of openaccess for the informatic system ROMAG.

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Subsistemul Senzori Zona I i II arerolul de monitorizare a concentraiilor de gazscpate n interiorul instalaiilor tehnologice GS, depozit de H2S, precum i la sistemul de facle.Din punctul de vedere al locului i numrului desenzori alocai exist urmtoarele distribuii:

ninteriorul instalatiilor tehnologice

(4 uniti GS, ecare avnd n zona I cte 40senzori cu celul de tip semiconductor, gama0100 ppm H2S);

n imediata apropiere a instalaiei tehnologice(4 uniti GS, ecare avnd n zona II cte 19senzori cu celul de tip semiconductor, gama0100 ppm H2S);Sistemul de facle este supravegheat cu 4senzori cu celul semiconductor, gama 0100ppm H2S.

Depozitul de H2S este supravegheat cu

35 senzori cu celul semiconductor,gama 0100ppm H2Sn jurul instalaiei tehnologice rolul centurii

de stlpi este ca mpreun cu senzorii din zonaI i II s poat da posibilitatea aproximrii ctmai exacte a locului eventualului accident i acantitii de gaz scpate i trasarea conului deaccidentSchema blocului de achiziie SA este prezentat

n g.3.

The subsystem Sensors area I andII has the role of monitoring the leach gaseconcentrations from the interior of the technologicinstalations GS , deposit of H2S, as also at theare system. From the point of view of the placeand number of allotered sensors there are thefollowing distributions:

In the interior of the technologicinstalations (4 GS gears, each having in thearea I 40 sensors gears, each having in the areaI 40 sensors with cell tipe as semi conductor,gama 0100 ppm H2S);In the near close of the technologic instalation (4GS gears, each having in the area II 19 sensorswith cell tipe as semi conductor, gama 0100ppm H2S);The are system is supervised with 4 sensorswith cell tipe as semi conductor, gama 0100

ppm H2S.The H2S deposit is supervised with 35sensors with cell tipe as semi conductor,gama0100 ppm H2S

Around the technologic instalation isthe role of the pillar girdle that together withthe sensors from area I and II it can have thepossibility of just approximation of the place ofthe eventually accident and of the leach gasequantity and the tracing of the accident angleThe sketch of the acquisition block SA is exposedin g.3.

Fig 3. Schema blocului de achiziie SAFig 3 . The sketch of the acquisition block SA

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Semnalele provenite de la senzorii detip semiconductor sunt adaptate (i liniarizate)prin intermediul unui bloc electronic SA.

Sistemul de monitorizare (SM) dateeste alctuit din 2 calculatoare ntr-o structurredundant. Blocul de achiziie date (SA) estealctuit dintr-un numar de sertare cu blocurifuncionale care asigur achiziia i prelucrareadatelor. Fiecare sertar este de fapt un sistemindependent de achiziie i prelucrare date icuprinde 10 module electronice cu cte 3 canalepentru adaptarea semnalelor de la senzori, unbloc multiplexare i achiziie date i o unitatecentral prevzut cu aaj local, bloc desemnalizare, tastatur functional i ieire decomunicaie RS 485. Semnnalele provenite de lasenzori sunt prelucrate de ctre echipamenteleSA. Monitorizarea informaiilor obinute

este realizat la mai multe nivele i anume:

La nivelul Ob.304 se realizezmonitorizarea pe 2 echipamente (cu rolin elaborarea jurnalului de bord i rulareaprogramelor off line). Echipamentele permitvizualizarea concentraiilor de H2S sub formde scheme sinoptice, consultarea istoricelorde evenimente, a valorilor msurate, aciunilorde ntreinere, calibrare i asigur raportareala imprimant a buletinului de urmrire; La nivelul Camerei de Comand

Tehnologi din Ob.304 realizat pe 2echipamente ce permit vizualizarea informaiilorconcentraiilor de H2S sub form de schemesinoptice, vizualizarea fcndu-se la un momentdat pentru dou instalaii GS aate n funciune;

La nivelul Dispecerului de AlarmChimic Ob.908 pe terminalul deprtat TD2; La nivelul ISVSM pe echipamenteleinstalate la ef instalaie i la ef tur ISVSM;Echipamentele locale SA comunic cu nivelul

superior SM, aoarele locale permit vizualizareainformaiei, mentenana i calibrarea senzorilor,controlul strii de funcionare a echipamentelor .

Funcii ale pachetelor de programespecice activitii de management al situaiilorde criz.Pachetele de programe specice activitii demanagement al situaiilor de criz sunt elementeale unui sistem informatic integrat care coroboratcu strategiile de aciune s duc la o gestiune

corespunzatoare a riscului industrial astfelnct:

S prentmpine riscul prin mentinerea

The signals from the tipe semi conductorsensors are adapted (and liniarized) trough oneelectronic block SA.

The data monitoring system (SM) iscomposed from 2 computers in a redundantstructure. The data acquisition block (SA) iscomposed from a number of drawers withfunctional blocks, which assure the acquisitionand the data processing. Each drawer is in factan independent system of acquisition and dataprocessing and has 10 electronic modules eachwith 3 canals for the adaptation of the signalsfrom the sensors, a multiplexing and dataacquisition block and a central unit with localdisplay, signalling block, functional keyboardand wayout from the communication RS 485.The signals from the sensors are woorked by theSA equipments. The monitoring of the attained

informations is performed at more levels asfollows: At level Ob.304 the monitoring isperformed on 2 equipments (with the role forelaborating the logbook and the processing ofthe off line programs). The equipments allowthe visualisation of the concentration of H2Sas synoptic sketches, the consult of the events,of the measured values, of the maintenanceactions and calibration and assure a report tothe printer of the following broadcast; At the level of the technology controlroom

from Ob.304 it is performed on 2 equipmentsthat allow the visualisation of the concentrationsof H2S as synoptic sketches and the visualisationis made at a precise time for two GS instalations,which are in function; At the level of the chimical alarmdispatcher Ob.908 on the remote terminalTD2; At the level ISVSM on installedequipments by the chef ISVSM;The SA local equipments communicate with the

superior level SM, the local displays allow thevisualisation of the informations, the persistanceand the calibration of the sensors, the control ofthe functional state of the equipments.

Functions for the program packagesspecic to the management activities of thecrysis situations.The program packages specic to themanagement activities of the crysis situationsare elements of an integrate informatic system,which have corroborated with the action

strategies that can lead to a managementaccording the industrial risk:

To prevent the risk trough the60


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instalaiilor n limitele normal tehnologice defuncionare;

S se urmreasc, n timp real, stareainstalaiilor, utilitilor i consumurilor energeticedin unitile surs toxic;

S se monitorizeze scprile desubstane toxice industriale la unitile sursatoxic i n zona afectat din jurul acestora;

S se ofere informaii obiective i sigurefactorilor de decizie n gestiunea accidentelorchimice datorat scprilor de substane toxicede la unitile surs toxic n vederea luriirapide a unor decizii optime;

S se prognozeze evoluia substanelortoxice eliberate n zonele contaminate.

Program calcul zestre H2S,Programele ZEST1 i ZEST2, calculeazzestrea de ap de proces i gaz umed, precum izestrea de hidrogen sulfurat a incintelor izolabileautomat din etajele 1, respectiv 2, detaliat peutilajele componente, pentru ecare modul GS.Zestrea de hidrogen sulfurat se calculeazcunoscnd datele constructive alecomponentelor instalaiei i parametrii deoperare. Parametrii de operare sunt de2 tipuri: cu aare i/sau inregistrare ntabloul de comand i cu indicare local.

O parte dintre cei indicai i/sau inregistrai n tabloul de comand sunt i monitorizai.

maintenance of the instalations at normalfunctional technologic limits;

To follow in real time the state of theinstalations, of the utilities and of the energeticdischarge from the units of toxic source;

To monitor the leaching of the industrial

toxic agents at the units of toxic source and thearea around them; To offer objective and sure informations

for the decission factors in the control of thechemical accidents because of the leach of toxicagents from the units of toxic source regarding aquickly taking of some best decissions;

To presage the evolution of the toxicagents, that were spread in the y-blown areas.

Account program H2S,The ZEST1 and ZEST2 programs calculatethe quantity of water for process and wet gaseand also the quantity of sulphured hydrogen ofthe automatic insulated places from levels 1,respectively 2, detalied on component gears, foreach GS module.The quantity of sulphured hydrogen is calculatedknowing the constructive data of the instalationcomponents and the operating parameters. Theoperating parameters are of 2 tipes: with displayand/or register in the controlboard and with

local indication. A part of the ones mentionedand/or registered in the controlboard are alsomonitored.

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Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentatetabelat, pe incinte izolabile. Pentru ecareutilaj component al unei incinte sunt prezentatecontinutul de faza lichid (apa de proces), fazagazoasa (H2S umed) precum i continutul deH2S. La sfaritul tabelului se aeaz coninutultotal de H2S al incintei.

The results of the accounts are exposedin the table on insulated spaces. For everycomponent gear of one space are exposed thecontent of liquid phase (the process water), thegassy phase (H2S umed) and also the contentof H2S. At the end of the table is shown the totalcontent of the H2S space.

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Programe pentru calculul emisiilorPe platformele industriale de

concentrare izotopic a apei prin schimb chimicap-hidrogen sulfurat H2S se gsete n fazagazoas, dizolvat n ap i licheat n depozit.Pentru caracterizarea emisiilor de H2S dininstalaiile GS s-au realizat, 2 tipuri de programede calcul:- program de calcul pentru descrcareaH2S umed printr-o sprtur n zona cu fazagazoas i cu posibilitate de evacuare gaz lafacl;- program de calcul pentru descrcareap de proces printr-o sprtur n zona ocupatade faza lichid i cu posibilitate de evacuareap n vasele de depozitare i evacuare gaz lafacl.

Rezultatele calculelor se prezint

tabelat i grac. Tabelul conine datele deintrare i mrimi calculate: debite iniiale dedescrcare, durata descrcrilor i cantitiletotale descrcate.Variaia n timp a debitelor de descrcare, acantitilor descrcate i a presiunii din interiorulvasului sunt prezentate grac. Emisia de H2S ncazul descrcrii apei de proces se calculeazconsidernd desorbie brusc H2S la trecereade la presiunea din incinta avariat la presiuneaatmosferic. Debitul i cantitatea descrcatlocal sunt foarte mici n comparaie cu debituli cantitatea descrcat la facl. Presiunea nincinta avariat nu se modic vizibil dect dupdescrcarea la facl.

Acest tip de accident nu poate identicat n timp util dect de senzorii de msurare aconcentraiei.

Programe pentru calculul dispersieiPentru calculul dispersiei au fost

utilizate modele Gauss, att pentru emisii brute(instantanee), a cror durat este de ctevaminute, ct i pentru emisii de durat mai mare(ore, zile), denumite emisii continue.

Calculul dispersiei impune cunoatereacondiiilor de descrcare, a condiiilor meteo ia dimensiunilor zonei pentru care se calculeazconcentraia de poluant.

Rezultatele calculelor de dispersiesunt prezentate grac, n 3 dimensiuni,reprezentnd pentru emisia brusc variaia ntimp a concentraiei la nivelul solului, pe direcia

vntului, iar pentru emisia continu variaiaconcentraiei la nivelul solului, n plan orizontal.

The programs for the emission accountOn the industrial platform of izotopic

concentration of the water trough chemicalchange water sulphured hydrogen H2S is ingassy phase, disolved into the water and liquidin the deposit. For the characterization of theemissions of H2S from the GS instalations wereperformed 2 tipes of account programs:- The account program for the dischargeof H2S wet trough a leach in the area with thegassy phase and with the posibility of gaseevacuation at the are;- The account program for the dischargewater process trough a leach in the area with theliquid phase and with the posibility of evacuationof water in the basins for storage and evacuationof gase at the are.

The results of the accounts are exposed

in a table and in a graphic way. The table hasthe data entrance and the calculated measures:initial debits of discharge,the duration of thedischarges and the total discharged quantities.The variation in time of the debits for discharge,of the discharged quantities and of the pressurefrom the interior of the basin are graphicexposed. The emission of H2S in case of thedischarging of the water process is calculatedregarding sudden denuding H2S at the passfrom the pressure from the avaraged space tothe atmospheric pressure. The debit and thelocal discharged quantity are very low relatedto the debit and the discharged quantity at theare. The pressure in the averaged space isntvisible modied only after the discharge at theare.

This kind of accident can not be identiedin useful time only from the measure sensors ofthe concentration.

Programs for the dispersion accountFor the dispersion account they were

used Gauss patterns, for the sudden emissions(at the moment), whose duration is for a coupleof minutes, and also for emission on longertime (hours, days), that are named perpetualemissions.

The dispersion account imposes theknowing of the discharge conditions, of theweather conditions and of the area dimensionsfor which is calculated the pollutant concentration.The results of the dispersion account aregraphic exposed, in 3 dimensions, representingfor the sudden emission the variation in time of

the concentration at the earth level, on the winddirection, and for the perpetual emission thevariation of the concentration at the earth level,

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In zona instalaiei ROMAG PRODclasa de stabilitate D (neutr) se regasete cufrecvena maxim pe directia V, pentru o viteza vntului de 5 m/s. Pentru aceste condiii meteose prezint rezultatele calculelor de dispersiepentru emisie brusc la ruperea unei conductede 500 mm diametru. Punctul de emisie estela distanta de 2 m fa de sol. Calculele se facpentru cantitatea total descarcat local, inaintei n timpul descrcrii la facl.

in horizontal plan.In the area of the instalation ROMAG

PROD is retrieved D (neutral) with the maximumfrequency on the wind direction, for a windspeed of 5 m/s. For these weather conditions theresults of the dispersion accounts are exposedfor the sudden emission at the brake of one pipeof 500 mm width. The emission point is at thedistance of 2 m from the ground. The accountsare made for the total local discharged quantity,before and during the discharge at the are.

0

10000000

20000000

30000000

40000000

5000000060000000

70000000

80000000

90000000

100000000

C (mg/m3)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 50 100 150 200X (m)

t (s)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

C (mg/m3)

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080X (m)

t (s)

Figura 3.1 Dispersie emisie brusc

Figure 3.1 Dispersion sudden emission

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

C (mg/m3)

0

1000

2000

3

000

4000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000X (m)

t (s)

Figura 3.2 Dispersie gaz la facla de avarieFigure 3.2 Gase dissipation at the are64


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Durata descrcrii ind sub 1 minutemisia este brusc. Figura 3.1a prezint din5 in 5 secunde variaia concentraiei la nivelulsolului, din 50 in 50 de m, pe directia vntului,pornind de la sursa de emisie.

Fiind att de aproape de sursa,concentraiile de H2S sunt deosebit de mari.La distana de ~5000 m concentraia scade subvaloarea letal, 3000 mg/m3 (2000 ppm/m3),dup aproximativ 7 minute (g. 3.1b).

Descrcarea la facl reduce emisialocal la jumatate din cantitatea existent iniial

n incint.Figura 3.2 prezinta dispersia atmosferic

a H2S, n situaia cea mai nefavorabil, absenaacrii la facla de avarie. Concentraiile la nivelulsolului se situeaza sub 30 mg/m3, concentraiamaxim admisibil ind 15 mg/m3.

Pentru aceleai condiii meteorologiceca la exemplele de calcul anterioare, seprezint rezultatele calculelor de dispersiepentru descrcare hidrogen sulfurat din incintacu volum mare de gaz, printr-o sprtura dedimensiuni mici (O10 mm). Durata descrcriiind de 84 ore, se poate considera ca emisiaeste continu. Concentraiile cele mai mari suntpe direcia vntului.

Poziia concentraiei maxime este la ~ 50m distanta fat de punctul de emisie i este subvaloarea letal (3000 mg/m3). Concentraiilescad pe msur ce crete distana fa depunctul de emisie i pe msur ce ne deprtmde direcia vntului (axa OX). La distane maimari de 500 m (axa OX), toate concentraiile nplan orizontal sunt sub 30 mg/m3 (g. 3.2b).

Bibliograe:[1] American National Standard Institute TableStandard 2531 1967[2] Gas processors associations Plantoperation test manual C1[3] Gabriel Vladut, M Ionica Analitic sensors,systems for environment pollution control ICIBucharest, 95[4] Zadeh, L. (1994). Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks,and Soft Computing. In: Communications of theACM, Vol. 37, pp. 77-82.[5] Gabriel Vladut, Camelia Cojocaru; ConferintaInternationala Progess in Criogenics andIzotopes Separation ICSI, 17-18.10.2003

If the duration of the discharge is under 1minute than the emission is sudden. The gure3.1a exposes from 5 to 5 seconds the variationof the concentration at the earth level, from 50to 50 m, on the wind direction, set in motion fromthe emission source.

If they are so close to the source theconcentrations of H2S are very high. At thedistance of ~5000 m the concentration declinesunder the terminal value, 3000 mg/m3 (2000ppm/m3), after cca. 7 minutes (g. 3.1b).

The discharge at the are reduces thelocal emission to half from the initial existentquantity from the space.

The gure 3.2 exposes the atmosphericdispersion of H2S, in the most unfavorablesituation, the absence of the ame to the averageare. The concentrations the earth level are

situated under 30 mg/m3, and the maximumconcentration is 15 mg/m3.For the same weather conditions as the

anterior accounts exemples they are exposedthe results of the dispersion accounts for thedischarge of the sulphured hydrogen from thespace with the higher volume of gase trough aleach of small dimensions (O10 mm).The duration of the discharge is of 84 hours,and it can be considered that the emission isperpetual. The highest concentrations are onthe wind direction.

The position of the maximumconcentration is at ~ 50 m distance from theemission point and is under the terminal value(3000 mg/m3). The concentrations decline attime the distance increases from the emissionpoint and if we are appart from the wind direction(OX axes). At the distances bigger than 500 m(OX axes), all the concentrations from horizontalplan are under 30 mg/m3 (g. 3.2b).

Bibliography:[1] American National Standard Institute TableStandard 2531 1967[2] Gas processors associations - Plantoperation tst manual C1[3] Gabriel Vladut, M Ionica - Analitic sensors,systems for environment pollution control ICIBucharest, 95[4] Zadeh, L. (1994). Fuzzy Logic, NeuralNetworks, and Soft Computing.In: Communications of the ACM, Vol. 37, pp.77-82.[5] Gabriel Vladut, Camelia Cojocaru; ConferintaInternationala Progess in Criogenics

........................................................................................... ..........................................................................................

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Caciulata, Romania: Noi metode si sistemepentru protectia mediului si reducerea risculuitehnologic[6] Croitoru C., Pop F. Programe pentrucalculul zestrei de hidrogen sulfurat din instalatiesi pentru calculul emisiei si al dispersiei, raportstiintic, 10932/19.08.2004, INC-DTCI ICSI Rm.Valcea[7] Plan alarma chimica al ROMAG Drobeta,1994 ; 2004[8] Croitoru C, Dumitrescu M., Titescu Gh. Analiza si evaluarea de risc in vederea actualizariiplanului de urgenta la ROMAG, - Stabilirealistei evenimentelor de initiere, Contract C-DNr. 2034/1995 CITON, Act aditional nr. 1/19951995[9] Neuburg H. J., Atherley J. F., Walker L. G.

Girdler Sulde Process Phisical Properties,

AECL 5702, Chalk River, Ontario, May 1977[10] Ileana Hamburg, Gabriel Vladut, StefanBalanica Real Time Environment monitoringCentre IFAC Hong Kong 2001[11] Ileana Hamburg, Gabriel Vladut, E-Learningand knowledge as components of E-businessstrategies in companies Bucuresti, E-COMMLine, Conferinta Internationala 2001.[12] Gabriel Vladut, Environment on linemonitoring and distributed computing activity,Simpozion METSIM, Bucuresti 2002,

*IPA CIFATT Craiova,e-mail: [email protected];

**ICSI Rminicu Vlcea,e-mail: [email protected]

***RAAN Romag Prod Drobeta Turnu Severin,e-mail: [email protected]

and Izotopes Separation ICSI, 17-18.10.2003Caciulata, Romania: Noi metode si sistemepentru protectia mediului si reducerea risculuitehnologic[6] Croitoru C., Pop F. - Programe pentrucalculul zestrei de hidrogen sulfurat din instalatiesi pentru calculul emisiei si al dispersiei, raportstiintic, 10932/19.08.2004, INC-DTCI ICSI Rm.Valcea[7] Plan alarma chimica al ROMAG Drobeta,1994 ; 2004[8] Croitoru C, Dumitrescu M., Titescu Gh. -Analiza si evaluarea de risc in vederea actualizariiplanului de urgenta la ROMAG, - Stabilirealistei evenimentelor de initiere, Contract C-DNr. 2034/1995 CITON, Act aditional nr. 1/19951995[9] Neuburg H. J., Atherley J. F., Walker L. G.

- Girdler - Sulde Process Phisical Properties,AECL - 5702, Chalk River, Ontario, May 1977[10] Ileana Hamburg, Gabriel Vladut, StefanBalanica Real Time Environment monitoringCentre IFAC Hong Kong 2001[11] Ileana Hamburg, Gabriel Vladut, E-Learningand knowledge as components of E-businessstrategies in companies - Bucuresti, E-COMMLine, Conferinta Internationala 2001.[12] Gabriel Vladut, Environment on linemonitoring and distributed computing activity,Simpozion METSIM, Bucuresti 2002,

*IPA CIFATT Craiova,e-mail: [email protected];

**ICSI Rmnicu Vlcea,e-mail: [email protected]

***RAAN Romag Prod Drobeta Turnu Severin,e-mail: [email protected]

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