52 Struttura della frase (1) SCHEDA Basic sentence ...

Le frasi possono essere di quattro diversi tipi:

– frase dichiarativa, affermativa, negativaPaul studies French. He doesn’t study German.

– frase interrogativaDo you study English?

– frase imperativa [� SCHEDA 45]Stand up!

– frase esclamativa. [� SCHEDA 46]How nice!

Consideriamo qui le frasi dichiarative, affermative e negative, e le frasi interrogative.

Frasi affermativeIn inglese la struttura della frase è meno flessibile che in italiano.La seguente tabella presenta l’ordine più comune delle parole nelle frasi dichiarative affermative:

soggetto verbo oggetto complementi

1

138

Struttura della frase (1)

52

SCHEDA 52Basic sentence structure (1)

� REVIEW, P. 142

Alcuni verbi, tra cui give, offer, send e lend, possono essere seguiti dal complemento oggetto e dalcomplemento di termine o da due complementi oggetto (uso più comune).The teacher gave a pen to Peter. = The teacher gave Peter a pen.Their mother offered some coffee to us. = His mother offered us some coffee.

Who Verb / Action What How Where When

I play the piano

We are meeting John in Rome tomorrow

Tom walked slowly down the road

In inglese il soggetto viene sempre espresso.

L’espressione di tempo può trovarsi all’inizio della frase o in fondo alla frase.Yesterday morning Jack bought a new stereo. = Jack bought a new stereo yesterday morning.

Ma quando ci sono due pronomi è possibile solo la prima costruzione:Their mother offered it to us. non Their mother offered us it.

L’avverbio di modo non si trova mai tra verbo e complemento oggetto.I like music very much. = Mi piace molto la musica.

I like very much music.

Per la posizione degli avverbi di frequenza [� SCHEDA 21].

Continua alla Scheda 53

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Colloca le frasi nella tabella, scrivendo ogni parte nella colonna corretta.1

Ex. Yesterday they ate at my house.1. My friends are going to visit the States next year.2. My brother studies engineering at University.3. We finished the test quickly.

4. I didn’t take a holiday last year.5. I saw my Mum on the TV.6. They go to school by bus in the morning.7. In the morning they take their kids to school by car.

Abbina le frasi alla definizione adatta.

1. Stop chatting and get on with your work.

2. My parents live in the suburbs.

3. They don’t visit us very often.

4. What a fantastic film!

5. Is the film on tonight?

a. frase dichiarativa negativab. frase dichiarativa affermativac. frase esclamativad. frase imperativae. frase interrogativa

In ogni frase c’è un errore nell’ordinedelle parole. Trovalo e correggilo.

Ex. They’re really well playing today.They’re playing really well today...................................................................................................................

1. We like very much Italian food.

....................................................................................................................

2. We’re meeting tomorrow our friends in town.

....................................................................................................................

3. They both speak very fluently English.

....................................................................................................................

4. My brother bought yesterday morning a new bike.

....................................................................................................................

5. My Aunt sent to me a pair of socks for Christmas.

....................................................................................................................

3

2 Riordina le parole e costruisci frasi. Usala forma contratta dove possibile.

Ex. got / e-mail address. / have / They / not / anThey haven’t got an email address...................................................................................................................

2. by / travelling / Marzia / not / like / does / train.

....................................................................................................................

3. very / opened / front / She / door / quietly. / the

....................................................................................................................

4. speak / them / party. / I / not / did / to / at / the

....................................................................................................................

5. to / parents. / going / am / I / tell / your

....................................................................................................................

6. in / could / get / see / film. / the / We / not / to

....................................................................................................................

7. quite / are / Venice / restaurants / in / Most /expensive.

....................................................................................................................

8. group / went / mountains / skiing / Our / the /in / last winter.

....................................................................................................................

Scegli l’alternativa corretta.

Ex. They lent me / to me two euros for the busfare home.1. I’ll send the file you / to you.2. They offered to us / us a coffee.3. They gave it us / to us.4. They offered me / to me a hand.

4

5

139

52

Exercises

When Who Action/State What Where How When

Ex. Yesterday they ate at my house

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

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Segue dalla Scheda 52

Frasi negativeNelle frasi negative con do, did l’ordine delle parole segue la sequenza delle frasi affermative, conl’aggiunta di not e del verbo principale:soggetto + ausiliare + not + (verbo) + complementi.He doesn’t play the piano every day.

Nelle frasi con be e have e con i modali must, should, ought to, may, might, can, could, will, shall,would, need il not segue l’ausiliare e il verbo modale.I am not hungry.They haven’t seen a UFO.John mustn’t forget to bring the tickets for the theatre.People should not pollute rivers.

Nelle frasi con do, did il not si colloca tra l’ausiliare e il verbo.He doesn’t work here.They didn’t arrive on time.

Oltre a not, parole negative come never, no, nobody, no-one, nothing, nowhere, neither, nor eparole riduttive come hardly, rarely, seldom, few, little servono a rendere una frase negativa.He did nothing for his friends.I hardly see him. = Non lo vedo quasi mai.

2

140

Struttura della frase (2)

53

SCHEDA 53Basic sentence structure (2)

� REVIEW, P. 142

Frasi interrogative [� SCHEDE 42 E 43]

La frase interrogativa può essere di due tipi:– Le “Yes / No” questions seguono quest’ordine:

ausiliare + soggetto + verbo + complementi.Have you bought the newspaper today?Did they do the work well?

– Le Wh- questions iniziano con le parole: Who, Where, Why, What, When, Which, Whose, How.

Se la parola interrogativa è il soggetto del verbo, non si inverte il verbo e non si ricorre all’ausiliare.Who wants a cup of tea?non

Who does want a cup of tea?

Se la parola interrogativa è il complemento oggetto del verbo si ricorre all’ausiliare e si hal’inversione di ausiliare e soggetto.Who did you see at the library?

L’ordine della frase interrogativa negativa è il seguente:ausiliare + negazione (n’t) + soggetto + verbo + complementi.Aren’t they British?Didn’t you take the exams last week?

3

Nell’inglese corretto non si usano due negazioni all’interno della stessa frase.I dont’ see anybodynon

I don’t see nobody.

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Trasforma le frasi come indicato.

Ex. The match starts at 7p.m.The match doesn’t start at 7p.m.(negative) ..........................................................................................

1. Who wants a pizza this evening?

(negative) .............................................................................................

2. We won the semi-final.

(negative) .............................................................................................

3. We didn’t enjoy ourselves at the party.

(affirmative) .......................................................................................

4. Have they been to New York?

(negative) .............................................................................................

5. They went to the cinema last night.

(interrogative) ...................................................................................

Completa le domande nel tempocorretto, aggiungendo eventualmente i verbi ausiliari.

Ex. Who / come / to the party / tomorrow night?Who’s coming to the party tomorrow night?..................................................................................................................

Everyone – all our friends are coming, it’ll begreat!

1. Why / you / not come / to training / last night?

....................................................................................................................

I was too tired.

2. Who / you / speak to / at the bus stop?

....................................................................................................................

Nobody – just a friend.

3. Where / you / meet / your new boyfriend?

....................................................................................................................

He’s in my class at school.

4. How much / those jeans?

....................................................................................................................

Only 100 euros – per leg!

5. you / got / anything to eat? – I’m hungry.

....................................................................................................................

Sure, there are some sausages in the fridge.

6. What / you / going to do / this evening?

....................................................................................................................

Don’t know – any suggestions?

7. you / see / Mark / anywhere?

....................................................................................................................

No, I haven’t seen him all day.

8. Which platform / the 16.10 to London / leave from?

....................................................................................................................

Number 3, I think.

7

6 Formula domande con who o what.

Ex. I told someone.Who did you tell?..................................................................................................................

1. They helped someone.

....................................................................................................................

2. Someone e-mailed me.

....................................................................................................................

3. Something is making that noise.

....................................................................................................................

4. He’s making something.

....................................................................................................................

5. Something happened.

....................................................................................................................

6. Someone helped them.

....................................................................................................................

7. 1 wrote to someone.

....................................................................................................................

8. She was looking for someone.

....................................................................................................................

9. Someone was looking for him.

....................................................................................................................

Traduci in inglese le seguenti frasi.

1. Incontriamo Samuele e Didier in centrodomani.

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

2. Hai fatto vacanze quest’estate?

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

3. Giovanna parla benissimo inglese.

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

4. Non ho mai visitato Parigi.

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

5. Dove hai comprato quel cappotto?

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

6. Vado ogni giorno nella palestra vicino allascuola.

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

9

8

141

53

Exercises

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Review (52-53)

142

In ogni frase c’è un errore. Trovalo ecorreggilo.

1. We gave to them our car for the day.2. He drives very slowly his car in town.3. We’re meeting tomorrow morning our friends.4. Where you go for your holidays last year?5. I not coming to the match tonight.6. They not call me last night.7. Likes your brother living in London?8. When arriving your parents?

Riscrivi le frasi usando una formaalternativa.

Ex. We gave a present to Peter.We gave Peter a present..................................................................................................................

1. She offered her friends some help.

...................................................................................................................

2. They offered a sandwich to me.

...................................................................................................................

3. She’s going to send a parcel to us.

...................................................................................................................

4. They sent us a postcard.

...................................................................................................................

5. We lent them £5.

...................................................................................................................

6. We gave an umbrella to them.

...................................................................................................................

7. Mark sent a nice present to Joe.

...................................................................................................................

Completa le domande inserendo i verbifra parentesi alla forma corretta.

1. “Why ............................................... (you, phone) me lastnight?” “I wanted to ask you out for a drink.”

2. “How ............................................... (he, get) to work in themornings?” “By car.”

3. “Who ............................................... (make) all that noise?”“Your brother, as usual.”

4. “ ............................................... (you, be) to America?” “No,never.”

5. “Where ............................................... (your mother, playtennis)?” “At the local club.”

6. “When ............................................... (they, arrive)?”“About 10 minutes ago.”

7. “Where ............................................... (be, the nearest postoffice)?” “It’s just down the road.”

8. “ ............................................... you (like, the film)?” “Itwasn’t bad.”

5

4

3Componi frasi con le parole date.

Ex. my parents / wrote / I / to / last month.I wrote to my parents last month..................................................................................................................

1. going out / you / this evening? / Are

...................................................................................................................

2. you / party? / at / Who / did / the / speak to

...................................................................................................................

3. don’t / them? / call / Why / you

...................................................................................................................

4. get up / It’s nice / early / to / on Sundays.

...................................................................................................................

5. for Christmas. / gave / me / My brother / a CD

...................................................................................................................

6. the meeting. / didn’t / They / tell / me / about

...................................................................................................................

7. it / I’ll / them / to / tomorrow. / give

...................................................................................................................

Scegli una definizione (a-f ) per leespressioni sottolineate nel dialogo.

Danny: Jake, (1 ) what are you doing?

Jake: Hi, (2 ) I’m just doing some last

minute training.

Danny: Oh, yes – (3 ) haven’t you got a big

match tomorrow?

Jake: Yes that’s right, we’re at home to Albatross

Volleyball.

Danny: Wow – (4 ) what a match! What time

does it start?

Jake: (5 ) It starts at 8p.m. but there’ll be lots

of people so (6 ) come early!

Danny: (7 ) Are Gary and Alasdair playing?

Jake: Yes, they are – (8 ) we’ll all be playing.

Danny: (9 ) What a team! Where are you in the

championship?

Jake: We’re second but if we win we go top.

Danny: OK, I’m definitely coming but whatever

happens, don’t lose – OK?

Jake: (10 ) Don’t worry, we won’t.

a. frase dichiarativa positivab. frase dichiarativa negativac. frase interrogativad. frase imperativae. frase esclamativaf. frase interrogativa negativa

2

1

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143

Scrivi domande adeguate alle situazioni.

1. “ ................................................................................................................

(be, you, British)?”“No, I’m Australian.”

2. “ ................................................................................................................

(be, that, your new car)?”“Yes it is – do you like it?”

3. “ ................................................................................................................

(win, you, the match)?” “No, we lost 3-0.”

4. “ ................................................................................................................

(can ski, you)?” “No, I’m absolutely hopeless.”

5. “ ................................................................................................................

(be, you, at the party, last night)?” “No I wasn’t. Maybe you saw my twin brother.”

6. “ ................................................................................................................

(come, you, to the pizzeria, this evening)?” “I’m afraid not.”

7. “ ................................................................................................................

(see, you, the new James Bond film)?” “No, but I hope to see it this weekend.”

8. “ ................................................................................................................

(tell, you, anybody)?” “No, I didn’t have the courage.”

Completa la seconda frase inmodo che abbia lo stesso significatodella prima. Usa un massimo di treparole.

1. That’s a lovely shirt.

................................................................................... a lovely shirt!2. Would anyone like some tea?

............................................................................ wants some tea?3. I really like house music.

I like house music ......................................................................

4. I gave Pete £5.

I gave ....................................................................................... Pete.5. You’re Italian, aren’t you?

................................................................................................. Italian?6. He only plays football occasionally.

He .................................................. play football very often.7. I don’t have much time.

.............................................................................. got much time.8. Byrony lent me two CDs.

Byrony lent two CDs .................................................................

7 PET

6 Completa il blog indicando perogni spazio l’alternativa corretta traquelle suggerite.

8 PET

1. a. tell c. saidb. told d. sayd

2. a. have c. hadb. is d. are

3. a. where c. whyb. when d. what

4. a. to c. atb. by d. –

5. a. anything c. everythingb. nothing d. some

6. a. study c. studiedb. studying d. to study

7. a. hard c. hardlyb. didn’t d. did

8. a. her c. heb. she d. him

9. a. near c. lastb. next d. nearby

I was really surprised when my friend

(1) ............................................. me about his

decision. A UK university

(2) ............................................. offered him a

position and he’d decided to take it.

I asked him (3) ............................................. the

university was and he said it was Warwick

University near (4) .............................................

Coventry.

He said he knew (5) .............................................

about the UK or the University but that he

would really like (6) .............................................

abroad. He also told me that he

(7) ............................................. knew any English

but wanted to learn as soon as possible. I

gave (8) ............................................. my old English

exercise book and he promised to study in the

(9) ............................................. few months.

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52 Struttura della frase (1) SCHEDA Basic sentence ...

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