5.2 s.pss applied to dre best practices vezzoli bacchetti_delfino

Carlo Vezzoli, Elisa Bacchetti, Emanuela Delfino, Fiammetta Costa

Politecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy

course System Design for Sustainability (SDS)

Learning resources 5.2

BEST PRACTICES OF S.PSS APPLIED TO DRE

Carlo Vezzoli / Elisa Bacchetti / Emanuela Delfino / Fiammetta CostaPolitecnico di Milano /DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design /Italy



CONTENTS

. KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF BEST PRACTICES

. BEST PRACTICES OF S.PSS APPLIED TO DRE

. SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN ORIENTING SCENARIO

. GUIDELINES TO DESIGN S.PSS APPLIED TO DRE



1. TYPE OF SUSTAINABLE PSS• ADDING VALUE TO PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE• PROVIDING FINAL RESULT TO CUSTOMERS• ENABLING PLATFORM FOR CUSTOMERS

2. OWNERSHIP ON MICRO GENERATOR AND/OR ACCESSORIES• CUSTOMER OWNERSHIP • COOPERATIVE OWNERSHIP• PROVIDER OWNERSHIP• HYBRID OWNERSHIP

3. TYPE OF ENERGY SYSTEMS• DISTRIBUTED / STAND ALONE• DISTRIBUTED / MINI GRID (or LOCAL ENERGY NETWORK)• DECENTRALIZED / MINI GRID• DECENTRALIZED / NO GRID (or RECHARGE CENTRE)

4. PSS BOUNDARIES• MICRO GENERATOR AND/OR STORAGE RELATED SERVICE• ENERGY USING PRODUCTS RELATED• LOCAL MINI GRID SERVICE

KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF BEST PRACTICES 1/2



5. WHAT IS PAID BY THE CUSTOMERS• AMOUNT OF WATT (PAYxWAT), POST-PAID or PRE-PAID• RENT TO OWN• AMOUNT OF USE (PAYxUSE), PRE-PAID or POST-PAID• AMOUNT OF TIME OF ACCESS (PAYxPERIOD), PRE-PAID or POST-PAID• HYBRID PAYxUSE + PAYxPERIOD

5.1 WHAT IS INCLUDED IN THE S.PSS OFFER• INSTALLATION• SERVICES DURING USE (MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, UPGRADING, SUBSTITUTION,…)• END-OF LIFE TREATEMENT

6. TYPE OF FINANCING (INITIAL) INVESTMENT• PURE BUSINESS• PUBBLIC SUPPORT• PRIVATE SUPPORT (DONATION)• HYBRID PUBBLIC + PRIVATE SUPPORT

KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF BEST PRACTICES 2/2



M-KOPA Solar, Nairobi, Kenya

Provider (manager): M-KOPA Kenya LtdDesigner (partners): Safaricom, dlight Solar and eseyeWeb-site: www.m-kopa.com



M-KOPA SOLARvideo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9Wrzp29uqw



DESCRIPTION

M-KOPA sells solar home kits, offering customize affordable payment plans, with an initial deposit + daily payments for up to one year. After completing payments, customers own the product outright.

The service provides two different products at affordable renting prices:- The 0,5$/day(+29$ deposit) kit

includes 3 lights, 1 phone charging, 4W high quality solar panel, 1 year warranty, 1 year payment term

- The 0,6$/day(+34$ deposit) kit includes 3 lights, 1 phone charging, a solar rechargeable radio, 5W high quality solar panel, 2 year warranty, 1 year payment term

M-KOPA Solar, Nairobi, Kenya



2. MICRO GENERATOR AND/OR ACCESSORIES OWNERSHIP

CUSTOMER HYBRIDPROVIDER

3. TYPE OF ENERGY SYSTEMS

STAND ALONE MINI GRID (or LOCAL ENERGY NETWORK)

4. PSS BOUNDARIES

MICRO GENERATOR AND/OR STORAGE

LOCAL MINI GRID

ENERGY USING PRODUCTS RELATED

5. WHAT IS PAID BY THE CUSTOMER

xWATT RENTtoOWN

PRE-PAID

5.1 WHAT IS INCLUDED IN THE PSS S.PSS?

INSTALLATION END-OF LIFE TREATEMENT

HYBRID

KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF M-KOPA Solar

6. TYPE OF FINANCING (INITIAL) INVESTMENT

PURE BUSINESS

HYBRID PUBBLIC +

PRIVATE SUPPORT

1. TYPE OF SUSTAINABLE PSS

ADDING VALUE

PROVIDING FINAL RESULT

ENABLING PLATFORM

SERVICES DURING USECOOPERATIVE

* DEPOSIT FEE

xUSE xPERIOD

PUBLIC SUPPORT

PRIVATE SUPPORT (DONATION)

DISTRIBUTED



Solar Transitions pilot project, Ikisaya Village, Kenya

Provider (manager): Isikaya Energy Group (CBO)Designer (funder): UiO Department of Sociology and Human Geography Website: www.sv.uio.no/iss/english/research/projects/solar-transitions



The energy centre is based on a 2.16 KW solar PV system which provides energy for a range of services:

• lantern charging and renting

• battery charging

• charging mobile phones

• IT-services (typing, printing and

photo-copying)

• television and video shows

Customers pay hybrid solutions:an initial membership fee + the service selected.

Solar Transitions pilot project, Ikisaya Village, Kenya

DESCRIPTION

The village energy centre provides affordable and accessible basic lighting and electricity services for off-grid communities.






MINI GRID NO GRID (or RECHARGE

CENTRE)4. PSS BOUNDARIES


ENERGY USING PRODUCTS RELATED

5. PAYMENT TYPES FOR CUSTOMERSPRE-PAID

5.1 WHAT IS INCLUDED IN THE PSS?




ADDING VALUE


ENABLING PLATFORM

COOPERATIVE

* MEMBERSHIP FEE

LOCAL MINI GRID

xWATT RENTtoOWN HYBRID

PURE BUSINESS

HYBRID PUBBLIC +

PRIVATE SUPPORT

SERVICES DURING USE

xUSE xPERIOD

PUBLIC SUPPORT


KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF Solar Transition

DECENTRALIZED



Shared Solar, Ruhira Village, Uganda

Provider (manager): Shared SolarDesigner (funder): Shared Solar (within the project Millennium Villages).Website: sharedsolar.org



SHARED SOLAR video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IPM2oH8IAo



Customers pre-pay for the service when they want/need, in amounts of their choosing and there are no monthly fees.

Customers can access their use and balance data, make payments using mobile phones.

Since the demand is increasing new renewable sources are starting to be considered (hydro, wind,...).

Shared Solar, Ruhira Village, Uganda

DESCRIPTION

SHARED SOLAR settled up a solar energy station which feed into a mini-grid that connects household and businesses to a main meter (the current system is connecting from 75 up to 120 houses).






CENTRE)4. PSS BOUNDARIES


ENERGY USING PRODUCTS


5.1 WHAT IS INCLUDED IN THE S.PSS?




ADDING VALUE


ENABLING PLATFORM

COOPERATIVE

LOCAL MINI GRID


PURE BUSINESS

HYBRID PUBBLIC +

PRIVATE SUPPORT

SERVICES DURING USE

xUSE xPERIOD

PUBLIC SUPPORT


KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF Shared Solar

3. TYPE OF ENERGY SYSTEMS DECENTRALIZED



Qurrent, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Provider (manager): QurrentDesigner (funder): QurrentWebsite: www.qurrent.nl



Qurrent, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

DESCRIPTION

Qurrent sells to its members renewable solar energy, and allows them to produce and manage renewable solar energy by their own. Each member has a Qbox device to visualize his own energy expenses, and a personal account on the Qmunity platform. The service is delivered by a common Qserver.

Each member pay a monthly fee according to his energy expenses; members can decide to buy a solar panel (established by Qurrent in the common solar park) to produce energy, having discounts on the monthly fee. Qurrent allow members to share energy, building the system on the local/public grid.





MINI GRID NO GRID(or RECHARGE

CENTRE)

MICRO GENERATOR & STORAGE


5. PAYMENT TYPES FOR CUSTOMERSPOST-PAID





ADDING VALUE


ENABLING PLATFORM

COOPERATIVE

* INVESTMENT TO REDUCE ENERGY COSTS

LOCAL MINI GRID


PURE BUSINESS

HYBRID PUBBLIC +

PRIVATE SUPPORT

SERVICES DURING USE

xUSE xPERIOD

PUBLIC SUPPORT


KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF Qurrent

3. TYPE OF ENERGY SYSTEMS DECENTRALIZED

4. PSS BOUNDARIES



INDIGO, Africa (Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan)

Provider (manager): Azuri TechnologiesDesigner: Azuri Technologies and Eight 19’sWeb-site: www.azuri-technologies.com/indigo



INDIGO, Africa (Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan)

DESCRIPTION

Indigo provides solar home kits to customers which buy an Indigo scratch card to pay for the energy and the service will be activated for a period of time (usually one week).

Customers pay an initial fee of about $10 to have the solar system installed and about $1.5 for each weekly scratch card.

The customer become owner of the solar home kit after 18 months payments: the device is unlocked.

After a period of time, the customer have the opportunity to upgrade to a larger system and access to more energy through the Indigo Escalator (3W to 80W).



INDIGO video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNRZa9fGp3E





STAND ALONE MINI GRID (or LOCAL ENERGY

NETWORK)4. PSS BOUNDARIES








ADDING VALUE


ENABLING PLATFORM

COOPERATIVE

* INITIAL FEE

LOCAL MINI GRID


PURE BUSINESS

HYBRID PUBBLIC +

PRIVATE SUPPORT

SERVICES DURING USE

xUSE xPERIOD

PUBLIC SUPPORT


KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIGO

3. TYPE OF ENERGY SYSTEMS DISTRIBUTED



The Sun Shines for All, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Provider (manager): Sistemas de Tecnologia Agroelectro (STA)Designer: Fábio Luiz de Oliveira Rosa Web-site: energymap-scu.org/ideaas



Customers sign a three-year service contract (all of the tangible inputs are owned by the provider).Customers pay an installation fee plus monthly fee for the use of cost-effective solar energy packages (10$/month). Fee includes maintenance and repair.

The Sun Shines for All, Porto Alegre, Brazil

DESCRIPTION

TSSFA company aims at bringing sustainable electric power to off-grid communities through solar home system rentals. The solar home kits include the hardware to generate solar energy + the installation service + products that use the electricity, e.g. lighting and electrical outlets.





STAND ALONE MINI GRID (or LOCAL ENERGY

NETWORK)4. PSS BOUNDARIES








ADDING VALUE


ENABLING PLATFORM

COOPERATIVE

* INITIAL FEE

LOCAL MINI GRID


PURE BUSINESS

HYBRID PUBBLIC +

PRIVATE SUPPORT

SERVICES DURING USE

xUSE xPERIOD

PUBLIC SUPPORT


KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF The Sun Shines for All

3. TYPE OF ENERGY SYSTEMS DISTRIBUTED



BPC Lesedi, Gaborone, Botswana

Provider (manager): BPC (the National Energy Provider)(55%) + EDF (45%)Designer: BPC Lesedi Web-site: www.bpclesedi.co.bw



BPC Lesedi, Gaborone, Botswana

DESCRIPTION

BPC Lesedi is a rural electrification programme and its franchises around the village sell and maintain the equipment (portable LED lamps, improved wood stoves etc.).

BPC Lesedi provides business support to franchisees and provides technical and business skills training.Photovoltaic plants connected to mini power grids will bring electricity to the largest villages.

To generate revenue it receives royalties from local franchises as well as a portion of monthly service charges paid by customers. The franchises generate income with the portion of monthly service charges they keep, equipment sales.







POINT)

DECENTRALIZED

4. PSS BOUNDARIES








ADDING VALUE


ENABLING PLATFORM

COOPERATIVE

LOCAL MINI GRID


PURE BUSINESS

HYBRID PUBBLIC +

PRIVATE SUPPORT

SERVICES DURING USE

xUSE xPERIOD

PUBLIC SUPPORT


KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF BPC Lesedi



Yeleen Kura , South eastern Mali

Provider (manager): EDF (5%) + NUON (Dutch energy company)(45%)Designer: 2nd Rural Energy Service Company: Yeleen Kura (The new light)Web-site: www.bpclesedi.co.bw



Yeleen Kura , South eastern Mali

DESCRIPTION

Yeelen Kura provides electricity based on solar home systems (PV kits). Solar home systems are stand-alone, household-sized, photo-voltaic electricity generation systems comprised of a solar panel, battery, controller and related wiring. The solar systems have panels ranging in capacity from 43 Wp to 120 Wp.

Family expenditures on electricity are the same or less than they would previously spend for traditional sources of light and energy (oil lamps, batteries, candles, etc).The fees are collected periodically (at a payment frequency chosen by the customer), generally on a monthly basis.






MINI GRID NO GRID

DECENTRALIZED








ADDING VALUE


ENABLING PLATFORM

COOPERATIVE

LOCAL MINI GRID


PURE BUSINESS

HYBRID PUBBLIC +

PRIVATE SUPPORT

SERVICES DURING USE

xUSE xPERIOD

PUBLIC SUPPORT


KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF Yeelen Kura

4. PSS BOUNDARIES



OFF-GRID:ELECTRIC, Arusha, Tanzania

Provider (manager): M-POWERDesigner: OFF-GRID:ELECTRICWeb-site: offgrid-electric.com



OFF-GRID:ELECTRIC, Arusha, Tanzania

DESCRIPTION

Off-Grid Electric does not sell a product, but rather provides an energy service under the designation M-POWER. Villages and their residents are given the opportunity to achieve individual electrification using solar energy. A PAYxUSE is used.

These plug-and-play home systems are installed in the homes of the customers. The provider takes care of installation, maintenance and repair, the customer pays only for the service including the different electrical appliances, such as provided LED lamps and mobile phone charging adapter. Therefore the customers take no risks.The customer sends an SMS with the amount to be paid to the provider and through an unlock code the system get unlocked for the paid period.













ADDING VALUE


ENABLING PLATFORM

COOPERATIVE

STAND ALONE MINI GRID(or LOCAL ENERGY

NETWORK)

DISTRIBUTED

* INITIAL FEE

LOCAL MINI GRID


PURE BUSINESS

HYBRID PUBBLIC +

PRIVATE SUPPORT

SERVICES DURING USE

xUSE xPERIOD

PUBLIC SUPPORT


KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF OFF-GRID: Electric

4. PSS BOUNDARIES



FINAL RESULT

ENABLING PLATFORM

STAND ALONE MINI GRID

M-KOPA

SOLAR TRANSITION

SHARED SOLAR

QURRENT

INDIGO

THE SUN SHINES FOR ALL

OFF-GRID ELECTRIC BPC LESEDI

YELEEN KURA

SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN ORIENTING SCENARIO



MICRO GENERATOR/ACCESSORIES OWNERSHIP• Create a cooperative ownership model where the micro generator and the accessories (to

produce and use energy) are owned by the community or group of people.• Create a provider ownership model where the micro generator and the accessories (to

produce and use energy) are all owned by the provider.• Create a hybrid ownership model where the micro generator and the accessories (to produce

and use energy) are owned by a partnership of companies.

ENERGY SYSTEM TYPES• Create stand alone distributed energy systems• Create mini-grids or local networks that connect distributed energy systems• Create mini-grids or local networks that distribute energy produced from a decentralized

energy system• Create a decentralized energy centre (or recharge energy centre)

PSS BOUNDARIES• Offer micro generator service • Offer storage energy service• Offer energy using products • Create/offer a local mini grid service

GUIDELINES TO DESIGN S.PSS APPLIED TO DRE 1/2



CUSTOMER PURCHASE•Offer customizable and affordable payment plans to customers:

payment based on the amount of energy (watt) used (post-paid / pre-paid)payment based on the amount of time the energy is used (post-paid / pre-paid)payment based on a periodical availability/access (post-paid / pre-paid)payment based on hybrid ..

•Offer familiar method of payment/recharging such as scratch cards, mobile money, cell phone, GSM modem inside the device, etc.

SERVICE OFFERED IN THE PSS• Include in the S.PSS offer the installation service (done by the provider)• Provide in the S.PSS offer services during use such as maintenance, repairing, upgrading,

substitution, etc.• Offer in the S.PSS offer services of end-of life treatment

INITIAL INVESTMENT FINANCING• Access to micro-credit • Create a crowdfunding challenge• Partnership with governmental bodies providing public support• Partnership with private company institution as sponsor/donator• Public-private partnership providing financial support

GUIDELINES TO DESIGN S.PSS APPLIED TO DRE 2/2

5.2 s.pss applied to dre best practices vezzoli bacchetti_delfino

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