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&RPH LQ RJQL VLVWHPD SURJUDPPDELOH q SUHVHQWH XQ SURJUDP FRXQWHU 3& QHOQRVWUR FDVR KD XQD XVFLWD D ELW FKH q LQ JUDGR GL LQGLUL]]DUH XQD (SURP GD .E\WHFKH FRQWLHQH LO SURJUDPPD GD HVHJXLUH /·XVFLWD GHOOD (SURP q D ELW TXHVWDFRQWLHQH O·RSHUD]LRQH GD HVHJXLUH FKH YLHQH FDULFDWD QHOO·LQVWUXFWLRQ UHJLVWHU ,5 'DTXHVWR O·LVWUX]LRQH SDVVD DO GHFRGLILFDWRUH SHU HVVHUH LQWHUSUHWDWD,O GHFRGLILFDWRUH KD WUH SRVVLELOL XVFLWH XQD D ELW SRUWD HOHPHQWL QHO UHJLVWURDFFXPXODWRUH : XQD VHFRQGD D ELW IRUQLVFH XQ LQGLUL]]DPHQWR GLUHWWR GHOOD 5DPXQD XOWLPD D ELW LQVHULVFH XQ LQGLUL]]R GLUHWWR QHO 3& &ROOHJDWR DO 3& F·q XQR 6WDFND GXH OLYHOOL FKH q LQ JUDGR GL PHPRUL]]DUH JOL LQGLUL]]L GL ULWRUQR GHOOR 6WDWXV/D $/8 KD GXH RSHUDQGL GL LQJUHVVR XQR YLHQH QHFHVVDULDPHQWH GDO UHJLVWUR : LOVHFRQGR VH QHFHVVDULR SXz HVVHUH SUHVR GDOOD 5DP R GD XQD GHOOH WUH SRUWH GLLQJUHVVR PHGLDQWH XQ EXV GDWL D ELW 8QD VXD XOWHULRUH IXQ]LRQH q TXHOOD GL JHQHUDUHDOFXQL ELW GL VWDWXV GHWWL )ODJ FKH VHUYRQR D VHJQDODUH RSHUD]LRQL FRQFOXVH LQ PRGRSDUWLFRODUH ]HUR RYHUIORZ«6FRUUHQGR OXQJR LO EXV GDWL WURYLDPR OH SRUWH GL ,2 DFFRPSDJQDWH GDL UHODWLYLVHOH]LRQDWRUL 7ULV SHU DELOLWDUOH FRPH LQJUHVVL R XVFLWH L UHJLVWUL JHQHUDO SXUSRVHDFFRPSDJQDWL GDOO·)65 FKH VHUYH FRPH UHJLVWUR GL LQGLUL]]DPHQWR LQGLUHWWR H FRPHXOWLPR LO 7LPHU 705

Eprom2048*12

InstructionRegister

InstructionDecoder

Pro

gram

Cou

nter

PC

Stack 1

Stack 2

W ALU

StatusTMR0

TrisA PortA TrisB PortB TrisC PortC

Registri generalpurpose72 bytes Sram

FSR

OPTION Reg

Watchdog TimerTMR0 Prescaler

OscillatoreConfiguration Word

Watchdog timer

Figura 9.14

'DWD 3DWK

'HVFUL]LRQH



SDJ

1HOOD SDUWH LQ DOWR D GHVWUD WURYLDPR L YDUL HOHPHQWL FKH FRQWUROODQR LO FORFN H OHIXQ]LRQL GL WLPHU $EELDPR LQIDWWL XQ RVFLOODWRUH FRQWUROODWR GD XQD SDUROD GLFRQILJXUD]LRQH RSSXUH GDOO·HVWHUQR KD LQIDWWL XQ LQJUHVVR SHU FORFN HVWHUQR XQR FKHQH GHWHUPLQD OR VSHJQLPHQWR 6OHHS H LQROWUH XQD XVFLWD SHU IRUQLUH HVWHUQDPHQWH LOVXR VHJQDOH ,O VHJQDOH GL WHPSRUL]]D]LRQH FKH JHQHUD YD SRL DO :'7705SUHVFDOHU FKH VHUYH D UDOOHQWDUOR GLYLGHQGR DO IUHTXHQ]D GL LQJUHVVR SHU « 9L q LQROWUH LO ZDWFKGRJ WLPHU FKH FRQWD LO QXPHUR GL FLFOL GL FORFN H TXDQGR VL D]]HUDq DUULYDWR LQ IRQGR D FRQWHJJLDUH JHQHUD XQ VHJQDOH GL UHVHW GHO SURFHVVRUH 3XzHVVHUH XWLOH TXDQGR LO SURFHVVRUH GHYH ULSDUWLUH DG LQWHUYDOOL UHJRODUL

6FRUUHQGR GL GXH SDJLQH OD GRFXPHQWD]LRQH SDJLQD WURYLDPR OD WDEHOOD FKHLOOXVWUD OD SLHGLQDWXUD GHO FRPSRQHQWH LQ SDUWLFRODUH GLFH VH XQ FRQWDWWR q GL LQJUHVVRR GL XVFLWD SHU HYLWDUH FKH VDOGDWXUH HUUDWH GDQQHJJLQR LO FRPRQHQWH 7DEHOOD

Nome n° DIP, SOIC n° SSOP funzione Livelli inputRA0 6 5 I/O TTLRA1 7 6 I/O TTLRA2 8 7 I/O TTLRA3 9 8 I/O TTLRB0 10 9 I/O TTLRB1 11 10 I/O TTLRB2 12 11 I/O TTLRB3 13 12 I/O TTLRB4 14 13 I/O TTLRB5 15 15 I/O TTLRB6 16 16 I/O TTLRB7 17 17 I/O TTLRC0 18 18 I/O TTLRC1 19 19 I/O TTLRC2 20 20 I/O TTLRC3 21 21 I/O TTLRC4 22 22 I/O TTLRC5 23 23 I/O TTLRC6 24 24 I/O TTLRC7 25 25 I/O TTLTOCKI 1 2 I STMCLR# 28 28 I STOSC1/CLKIN 27 27 I STOSC2/CLKOUT 26 26 O -Vdd 2 3,4 P -Vss 4 1,14 P -N/C 3,5 - - -

/HJHQGD , ,QSXW 2 2XWSXW 3 3RZHU 1RW 8VHG 77/ 77/ LQSXW67 6FKPLWW 7ULJJHU LQSXW

5LJXDUGR DOOD WDEHOOD F·q GD VSHFLILFDUH FKH L SULPL HOHPHQWL UDSSUHVHQWDQR OHSRUWH ELGLUH]LRQDOL GL ,2 LO 7&., q O·LQSXW GL FORFN D 7LPHU GHYH HVVHUH SRVWR D9GG R 9VV VH QRQ XVDWR SHU OLPLWDUH LO FRQVXPR GL FRUUHQWH 0&/5 UDSSUHVHQWD LO0DVWHU FOHDU UHVHW LQSXW FLRq q XQ UHVHW DWWLYR EDVVR 26& Ë O·LQJUHVVR GHO FORFNHVWHUQR 26& q O·XVFLWD SHU LO FORFN GL VLVWHPD 9GG H 9VV VRQR OH DOLPHQWD]LRQLSRVLWLYD H PDVVD SHU LO FRPSRQHQWH 1& VRQR GXH SLHGLQL QRQ XWLOL]]DWL

Tab 9.3

)XQ]LRQL GL

WLPHU

3LHGLQDWXUD



SDJ

Ë LPSRUWDQWH OHJJHUH OD WDEHOOD GHOOD SLHGLQDWXUD SHUFKp IRUQLVFH LQIRUPD]LRQLLPSRUWDQWL LQ SDUWLFRODUH VH XQ SLHGLQR QRQ VHUYH SXz QRQ HVVHUH VDJJLR ODVFLDUORDSSHVR LQ TXDQWR OH FDSDFLWj LQWHUQH GHL YDUL &026 SRVVRQR HVVHUH FDULFKH H LOYDORUH DVVXPHUHEEH YDORUL FDVXDOL IUD H LQ TXHVR FDVR QHOOD WDEHOOD q VSHFLILFDWRFRVD IDUH DG HVHPSLR SHU LO 7&.,

,O VLPEROR 77/ UDSSUHVHQWD L OLYHOOL VWDQGDUG GL WHQVLRQH SHU L SLHGLQL )LJXUD

/D VLJOD 67 6FKPLWW 7ULJJHU VSHFLILFD FKH OD VRJOLD GL WHQVLRQH GL FRPPXWD]LRQHGHOOD SRUWD q YDULDELOH D VHFRQGD VH VL YD GDOO·DOWR DO EDVVR R YLFHYHUVD FL GHYH HVVHUHLQ VHJXLWR XQ· XOWHULRUH VSHFLILFD]LRQH

7HPSRUL]]D]LRQH

$OOD SDJLQD VHJXHQWH 3DJ WURYLDPR OH VSHFLILFKH UHODWLYH DOOD WHPSRUL]]D]LRQHQHO FKLS LQ SDUWLFRODUH OD ILJXUD ILJ SUHVHQWD OD VXGGLYLVLRQH GHL FLFOL DPXOWLSOL GL TXDWWUR VHJQDOL GL FORFN ,O FORFN EDVH q IRUQLWR GD 26& L VHJQDOL 44VRQR DOWL SHU XQ VROR FLFOR EDVH GXW\ FLFOH H VL DOWHUQDQR D FRPSOHWDUH XQSHULRGR GL FORFN HVWHUQR GDWR GD TXDWWUR FLFOL EDVH OD ORUR IXQ]LRQH q GLVLQFURQL]]DUH GLYHUVH RSHUD]LRQL QHOO·DUFKLWHWWXUD

Voh=2,4 VVih=2,0 V

Vil=0,8 VVol=0,4 V

Figura 9.15

OSC1

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

OSC2

Figura 9.16

3LHGLQL QRQXWLOL]]DWL

6SHFLILFKH77/

&LFOL GLFORFN



SDJ

1HOOD VWHVVD SDJLQD O·HVHPSLR LOOXVWUD OD SUHVHQ]D GL XQD SLSHOLQH D GXH VWDGL GRYHVLPXOWDQHDPHQWH YLHQH HVHJXLWD XQD LVWUX]LRQH H FDULFDWD OD VXFFHVVLYD )LJXUD

0HPRULD 3URJUDPPD

6XFFHVVLYDPHQWH YLHQH SUHVHQWDWD OD JHVWLRQH GHOOD PHPRULD SURJUDPPD SDJLQD ILJXUD GRYH SRVVLDPR QRWDUH OD VXGGLYLVLRQH LQ TXDWWUR SDJLQH FRQ UHODWLYRLQGLUL]]DPHQWR HVDGHFLPDOH H OD SRVVLELOLWj GL HVVHUH FDULFDWH QHO 3& R SRVWH LQ FLPDDOOR VWDFN PHGLDQWH EXV D ELW )LJXUD ,Q TXHVWD DUFKLWHWWXUD OH LVWUX]LRQL GLVDOWR VRQR OLPLWDWH DOO·LQWHUQR GL XQD SDJLQD LQ TXDQWR OH LVWUX]LRQL GL VDOWR KDQQRRIIVHW D ELW DOWULPHQWL QRQ HQWUHUHEEHUR QHO IRUPDWR GHOO·LVWUX]LRQH1HOO·XOWLPD ULJD q SRVL]LRQDWR LO YHWWRUH GL UHVHW FKH LQ TXHVWR SURFHVVRUH q OD SULPDRSHUD]LRQH HVHJXLWD

Fetch 1

Fetch 2

Fetch 3

Execute 1

Execute 2

Figura 9.17

On Chip ProgramMemory (Page 1)



RESET Vector

Spa

zio

di M

emor

ia Stack 2

Stack 1

Progam Counter

Figura 9.18

7FFh

000h

200h

400h

600h


3LSHOLQH

0HPRULD3URJUDPPD



SDJ

0HPRULD 'DWL

/·RUJDQL]]D]LRQH GHOOD PHPRULD GDWL UDSSUHVHQWDWD GD TXDWWUR EDQFKL GL UHJLVWUL qVFKHPDWL]]DWD QHOOD ILJXUD D SDJLQD GHO GDWD VKHHW )LJXUD /·LQGLUL]]DPHQWR q VHTXHQ]LDOH H OH SRUWH GL ,2 VRQR YLVWH FRPH UHJLVWUL XQDSDUWLFRODULWj q GDWD GDO UHJLVWUR )65 FKH q VSHFLILFR GHO PLFURSURFHVVRUH ID XQLQGLUL]]DPHQWR LQGLUHWWR RVVLD FRQWLHQH O·LQGLUL]]R GL XQ DOWUR UHJLVWUR GHOOD PHPRULD

,QVWUXFWLRQ VHW

&RQWLQXDQGR D VIRJOLDUH OD GRFXPHQWD]LRQH WURYLDPR D SDJLQD OD WDEHOOD FKHVSHFLILFD LQ PRGR PROWR VLQWHWLFR OH LVWUX]LRQL FKH q LQ JUDGR GL HVHJXLUH LOFRPSRQHQWH 1HO GDWD VKHHW WURYLDPR XQD GHVFUL]LRQH FRPSOHWD GHOOH LVWUX]LRQL LOQXPHUR GL FLFOL FKH XWLOL]]DQR H LO FRGLFH D ELW FKH OH LGHQWLILFD QRL FRQVLGHUHUHPRVROR JOL HOHPHQWL SL LPSRUWDQWL 7DEHOOD

1HOOD WDEHOOD PROWH LVWUX]LRQL KDQQR FRPH RSHUDQGL G HG I LO VLJLILFDWR GL TXHVWDQRWD]LRQH q FKH SHU G LO ULVXOWDWR YD QHO UHJLVWUR DFFXPXODWRUH : SHU G LOULVXOWDWR YD QHO UHJLVWUR LQGLFDWR GD )1HOOH LVWUX]LRQL GRYH q SUHVHQWH XQ VDOWR FRQGL]LRQDWR VDOWD VH q ]HUR YLHQH LJQRUDWDO·LVWUX]LRQH VXFFHVVLYD TXDORUD OD FRQGL]LRQH VLD YHUD

INDF

TMR0

PCL

STATUS

FSR

PORT A

PORT B

PORT C

GeneralPurpose

GeneralPurpose

GeneralPurpose

GeneralPurpose

GeneralPurpose

L’indirizzamentotorna indietro al

primo banco

Figura 9.19

00 01 10 1100

01

02

08

0F10

1F

0HPRULD

GDWL

,QVWUXFWLRQ

VHW



SDJ

7DEHOOD

ADDWFANDWFCLRFCLRWCOMFDECFDECFSZINCFINCFSZIORWFMOVFMOVWFNOPRLFRRF

f,df,df-f,df,df,df,df,df,df,df-f,df,d

Addiziona W e FFai l’ And tra W e FAzzera FAzzera WComplementa a 1 FDecrementa di 1 FDecrementa F, salta se è zeroIncrementa FIncrementa F salta se è zeroOr inclusivo fra W e FSposta FSposta il contenuto di W in FNiente operazioniRotazione verso sx di FRotazione verso dx di F

SUBWF f,d Sottrai W con FSWAPF f,d Inverti i primi 4 bit con gli altri in FXORWF f,d Or esclusivo fra W e FBCFBSFBTFSCBTFSS

f,bf,bf,bf,b

Azzera il registro indicato da FImposta in F il numero massimoTest del registro F, salta se è zeroTest del registro F, salta se tutti 1

CALL k Chiamata di subroutineCLRWDT k Azzera watchdog timerGOTO k Salto incondizionatoOPTION k Carica il registro optionRETLW k Ritorno da una subroutineSLEEP - Stand byTRIS f Seleziona porte per I/OANDLW k And di W con valore immediatoIORLW k Ior di W con valore immediatoMOVLW k Sposta in W un valore immediatoXORLW k Xor di W con valore immediato

,O UHJLVWUR 2SWLRQ PRGLILFDELOH FRQ XQD DSSRVLWD LVWUX]LRQH PHULWD XQDFRQVLGHUD]LRQH D SDUWH LQ TXDQWR LO FRUUHWWR VHWWDJJLR GHL VXRL ELW q GL IRQGDPHQWDOHLPSRUWDQ]D SHU LO FRUUHWWR IXQ]LRQDPHQWR GHO VLVWHPD LQ SDUWLFRODUH L FDPSL FKHFRQWUROODQR OH IXQ]LRQL GL WHPSRUL]]D]LRQH VRQR PRVWUDWL LQ ILJXUD GRYH36«36 GHWHUPLQDQR LO YDORUH GHO SUHVFDOHU GD D 7&6 DWWLYD XQFRQWDWRUH GHL IURQWL GL GLVFHVD H 7&( ID IXQ]LRQDUH LO WLPHU FRQ LO FORFN HVWHUQRDOWULPHQWL FRQWHUHEEH LO QXPHUR GL LVWUX]LRQL HVHJXLWH

3URJUDPPD]LRQH GHO FRPSRQHQWH

PS1PS2 PS0T0CET0CS

Figura 9.20

5HJLVWUR2SWLRQ

6YLOXSSRGHO

3URJUDPPD



SDJ

'RSR DYHU IDWWR XQD SDQRUDPLFD JHQHUDOH VXO PLFURSURFHVVRUH 3,&& OD IDVHILQDOH q SUHSDUDOR SHU O·XWLOL]]R LQ VLVWHPL HOHWWURQLFL$YHQGR YLVWR OH YDULH LVWUX]LRQL GHO FKLS FL VLDPR IDWWL XQD LGHD GL TXHOOR FKH q LQJUDGR GL IDUH LO SDVVR VXFFHVVLYR q VWDELOLUH O·XWLOL]]R D FXL GHYH HVVHUH DGLELWR HSURJUDPPDUOR

8QD YROWD GHFLVR LO FRPSLWR FKH GHYH VYROJHUH VL SURFHGH FRQ OR VFULYHUH LQ XQOLQJXDJJLR GL SURJUDPPD]LRQH GL IDVFLD DOWD 3DVFDO & OH YDULH LVWUX]LRQL FKH GHYHHVHJXLUH 8QD YROWD WHVWDWR LO IXQ]LRQDPHQWR GL TXHVWR SURJUDPPD SRVVLDPR SDVVDUHDOOD WUDGX]LRQH LQ OLQJXDJJLR DVVHPEOHU 4XHVWR SDVVR SXz ULVXOWDUH QRQ LPPHGLDWRPD FRQ XQ SR· GL SUDWLFD QRQ VDUj SL WURSSR GLIILFLOH DQFKH SHUFKp OH LVWUX]LRQL EDVHVRQR SRFKH H VHPSOLFL

$ TXHVWR SXQWR DEELDPR LO SURJUDPPD FKH GHYH HVVHUH HVHJXLWR LQ OLQJXDJJLRPDFFKLQD O·XOWLPD FRVD FKH ULPDQH GD IDUH q FDULFDUOR QHO PLFURSURFHVVRUH 4XHVWDRSHUD]LRQH q IDWWD GD XQR VWUXPHQWR GHWWR /RDGHU FKH KD FRPH LQSXW LO FRGLFHDVVHPEOHU HG q FROOHJDWR FRQ L YDUL SLHGLQL GHO FKLS ,O VXR FRPSLWR q SURJUDPPDUH OD(SURP LQWHUQD DO SURFHVVRUH H WHVWDUQH LO FRUUHWWR IXQ]LRQDPHQWR$EELDPR RUD RWWHQXWR LO QRVWUR VLVWHPD GLJLWDOH

6H]LRQH

)UHTXHQ]LPHQWUR FRQ PLFURSURFHVVRUH SURJUDPPDELOH 3,&

&RQVLGHULDPR RUD QXRYDPHQWH O·HVHPSLR IDWWR QHO FDSLWROR SUHFHGHQWH UHDOL]]LDPRXQ IUHTXHQ]LPHQWUR FRQ OH VWHVVH FDUDWWHULVWLFKH HVWHUQH GLVSOD\ WDVWR HG LQJUHVVR0D TXHVWD YROWD SURJHWWLDPR LO VLVWHPD FRQ XQ XQLFR HOHPHQWR LO QRVWUR SURFHVVRUH3,&&

7UDODVFLDQGR OD YLVXDOL]]D]LRQH HVWHUQD FIU )LJXUD SDVVLDPR DOOR VFKHPD FKHSRVVLDPR FRQVLGHUDUH GHILQLWLYR SHU LO QRVWUR VLVWHPD LQ TXDQWR WXWWH OH IXQ]LRQLVRQR VYROWH DOO·LQWHUQR GHO FKLS ,O QRVWUR VWUXPHQWR VDUj FRVWLWXLWR GDO SURFHVVRUHXQ GLVSOD\ H SXOOXS SDVVLYR FRPH WDVWR GL DWWLYD]LRQH )LJXUD

,O SULQFLSLR GL IXQ]LRQDPHQWR q OR VWHVVR FKH QHO FDVR SUHFHGHQWH XWLOL]]LDPR LO WLPHUSHU FRQWDUH ILQR DG XQ VHFRQGR IRUQHQGR LQ LQJUHVVR XQ FORFN DGHJXDWR 8Q DOWUR

Timer

Cpu

RamDati

(SURP

PIC16C57

DisplayPort C/ 8/ 8Port BPort A/ 4

Clock ext

Tasto

Vdd

Figura 9.22

/LQJXDJJLGL DOWROLYHOOR

&RGLFHPDFFKLQD

3URJHWWR GDVYLOXSSDUH

6FKHPDLQWHUQR



SDJ

UHJLVWUR FRQWHUj L IURQWL G·RQGD LQ VDOLWD GHO VHJQDOH GL FORFN $OOR VFDWWDUH GHO WLPHU LOQXPHUR PHPRUL]]DWR QHO UHJLVWUR GDWL YHUUj IRUQLWR DO GLVSOD\ SHU OD YLVXDOL]]D]LRQH

$VVHJQDPHQWR GHL SLHGLQL GL ,2

&RPH SDVVR LQL]LDOH GREELDPR YHGHUH FRPH GLVWULEXLUH OH SRUWH LQ SDUWLFRODUHSRVVLDPR XVDUH LO SULPR ELW GHOOD SRUWD $ FRPH LQJUHVVR *OL DOWUL UHVWHUDQQRLQXWLOL]]DWL OH SRUWH % H & YHUUDQQR XWLOL]]DWH FRPH XVFLWD D ELW SHU LO GLVSOD\ SHUXQD IUHTXHQ]D GL XQ 0+] VRQR QHFHVVDUL DOPHQR ELW QHO QRVWUR FDVR PLVXUHUHPRJUDQGH]]H LQIHULRUL ,O WDVWR GL DWWLYD]LRQH q FROOHJDWR DO UHVHW GHO FKLS ,O FORFN GHOWLPHU YLHQH SRVWR LQ LQJUHVVR QHO ULVSHWWLYR SLHGLQR 7&., FUI 7DEHOOD

,O SUREOHPD VXFFHVVLYR GD ULVROYHUH q FRPH FRQWDUH LO WHPSR 3RVVLDPR SRUUH LQLQJUHVVR XQ VHJQDOH D IUHTXHQ]D +] LQ PRGR GD SRWHU FRQWDUH ILQR D . LQXQ UHJLVWUR D ELW VL GRYUj TXLQGL XWLOL]]DUH LO UHJLVWUR 705 H XQ UHJLVWUR XOHULRUHGL DSSRJJLR LQ TXDQWR LO SULPR q D ELW 2SSXUH XQD VROX]LRQH SL SUDWLFD q TXHOODGL IDU GLYLGHUH LO FORFN SHU GDO SUHVFDOHU EDVWHUHEEH TXLQGL LO UHJLVWUR D ELW GHO705 FRPH FRQWDWRUH,O FORFN FRPH VHPSUH SXz HVVHUH IRUQLWR GD XQ RVFLOODWRUH DO TXDU]R

8Q SUREOHPD SL VSHFLILFR GD ULVROYHUH q TXHOOR GHO FRQWHJJLR GHL IURQWL GL VDOLWD GHOVHJQDOH GL LQJUHVVR ULVROYLELOH FRQ O·LQWURGX]LRQH GL XQD YDULDELOH FKH PHPRUL]]L ORVWDWR SUHFHGHQWH LQ PRGR FKH XQ SDVVDJJLR GD D YHQJD LGHQWLILFDWR FRPH VDOLWD HTXLQGL FRQWDWR XQD FRPPXWD]LRQH GD D q XQ IURQWH GL GLVFHVD H TXLQGLWUDODVFLDWR

&RQVLGHULDPR TXLQGL LO SURJUDPPD LQ OLQJXDJJLR GL DOWR OLYHOOR

9HQLDPR RUD DOOD WUDGX]LRQH GHO SURJUDPPD LQ LVWUX]LRQL HVHJXLELOL

6FULWWR LQ &

7LPHU )UHT :KLOH 7LPHU ))

^LI SUHZBLQ LQ IUHT 3UHZBLQ LQ `

2XWSXW IUHT

Scritto in Pascal:

Timer:=0;Freq:=0;Repeat

If (prew_in=0) and (in=1) thenfreq:=freq+1;

until timer:=FF;output (freq);

6HWWDJJL GL,2

&ORFN GHO7LPHU

3UREOHPLVSHFLILFL

3URJUDPPD

/LQJXDJJLR0DFFKLQD



SDJ

; timer = IUHT LQ 3UHZBLQ

7PU)UHT+IUHT/ LQ 5DP3RUW$ !5DP UHJLVWHU

IUHT+ 5HV LQ 5DPIUHT/ 5HV3UHZBLQ 5HV2UJ 0RYOZ 7ULV 3RUW$0RYOZ ))K7ULV 3RUW%0RY ))K7ULV 3RUW&2SWLRQ K&OHDU 7PU LQL]LDOL]]D]LRQL&OHDU )UHT/&OHDU )UHT+&OHDU 3UHZBLQ%WIVF 3UHZBLQ VDOWD VH *RWR %WIVF 3RUW$*RWR ,QFIV] )UHT/,QF )UHT+0RYI 3RUW$ ULVXOWDWR LQ :0RYZI 3UHZBLQ,QFIV] 7PU ULVXOWDWR LQ :*RWR /RRS ILQH ORRS0RYI )UHT+ ULVXOWDWR LQ :0RYZI 3RUW&0RYI )UHT/ ULVXOWDWR LQ :0RYZI 3RUW%2UJ ))K*RWR

/H SULPH ULJKH TXHOOH SUHFHGXWH GDO ´ µ VRQR FRPPHQWL LO SURJUDPPD LQL]LD DOODULJD FRQ GHOOH GLUHWWLYH LQGLFD]LRQL FKH VHUYRQR D GHILQLUH GHJOL RJHWWL VX FXL

Loop :

1:

&RPPHQWL

DO FRGLFH

PDFFKLQD



SDJ

ODYRUDUH ,O FRPDQGR 2UJ GHWHUPLQD O·LQL]LR GHO SURJUDPPD $ SDUWLUH GD TXHVWDLVWUX]LRQH WURYLDPR L VHWWDJJL GHOOH SRUWH $ q SRVWD FRPH LQJUHVVR 7ULV K % H &XVFLWH 7ULV ))K O·LVWUX]LRQH RSWLRQ GHILQLVFH OD SUHVHQ]D GHO FORFN HVWHUQR SHU LOWLPHU H GHO SUHVFDOHU FKH GLYLGH SHU ,O /RRS FRQWLHQH OH LQL]LDOL]]D]LRQL GHOOH YDULDELOL H OH LVWUX]LRQL SHU LO FRQWHJJLR GHOODIUHTXHQ]D 'RSR LO ´ µ YL VRQR OH LVWUX]LRQL SHU PDQGDUH L ULVXOWDWL LQ XVFLWD H ODSDUWH ILQDOH VHUYH DG LQGLUL]]DUH LO SURJUDPPD GRSR O·DYYHQXWR UHVHW LQ TXDQWR XQDYROWD UHVHWWDWR LO FRPSRQHQWH HVHJXH LO ´YHWWRUH GL UHVHWµ DOO·LQGLUL]]R ))K FIU)LJXUD

&RPH FRQVLGHUD]LRQL ILQDOL SRVVLDPR GLUH FKH RJQL SURFHVVRUH KD LO VXR DPELHQWH GLVYLOXSSR FRPSLODWRUL DVVHPEODWRUL WUDGXWWRUL GHEXJJHU H RUJDQL]]DWRUL FKHGHWHUPLQDQR OD SRVL]LRQH GL SURJUDPPL GDWL H FRVWDQWL$G HVHPSLR QHL '63 GHOOD 7H[DV ,QVWUXPHQWV VL KD OD SUHVHQ]D GL GXH ILOHFRQWHPSRUDQHDPHQWH XQ ILOH SURJUDPPD FRQ HVWHQVLRQH DVP HG XQ ILOH FRPDQGLFRQ HVWHQVLRQH FPG HQWUDPEL YHQJRQR GDWL LQ LQJUHVVR DOO·DVVHPEODWRUH LO SULPRGHILQLVFH OH RSHUD]LRQL GD VYROJHUH LO VHFRQGR FRQWLHQH JOL LQGLUL]]L GL YDULDELOLFRVWDQWL H SURJUDPPL

$ TXHVWR SXQWR VL SXz FDULFDUH LO SURJUDPPD QHO FKLS H WHVWDUQH LO IXQ]LRQDPHQWR

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