12-2013-2014-Amministrazione digitale, documento informatico, firme elettroniche

8/12/2019 12-2013-2014-Amministrazione digitale, documento informatico, firme elettroniche

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Zakvjrsktí `jhck Wtu`k `k Z`kaj 1 @kpfrtknjatd `k Wgkjazj hkurk`kgoj 1 Kaldrnftkgf Hkurk`kgf -1 Gkbjrajtkgf KK hrf`d

Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt 6 / :2

Fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd, lkrnj jcjttrdakgoj

6.- ]rjnjssf fccf cjzkdaj d`kjraf ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.- Katrd`uzkdaj fccf –gkbjrajtkgf ̀ k sjgda`d hrf`d„ gdnj –tjdrkf ̀ jccf gdnpcjssktí„ ........................................................................... 7

7.- Cf gdagjzkdaj –rjtkgdcfrj„ ̀ jcc‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd ............................................................................................................................. : 0.- Cf –Wdgkjtí ̀ jcc‛Kaldrnfzkdaj„ j cf –rfpprjsjatfzkdaj kaldrnftkgf„ ̀ jcc‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd ............................................... ? :.- C‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj ̀ khktfcj ajccf –Wdgkjtí ̀ jcc‛Kaldrnfzkdaj„ ................................................................................................................ ; <.- Kc ̀ dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd j cf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf gdnj –prdvj jcjttrdakgoj„ ........................................................................................ ;

<.6.- ]rdvf `dgunjatfcj j` kaldrnftkgf5 prdbcjnk jnjrhjatk j sdcuzkdak tjgakgoj ................................................................................... ; <.6.6.- Cf grkttdhrflkf gdnj strunjatd tjgakgd ........................................................................................................................................ 6=

<.6.6.6.- Gjaak succj tjgakgoj `k grkttdhrflkf ..................................................................................................................................... 6= <.6.6.2.- Kc gdagjttd `k –gokfvj„ .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 <.6.6.7.- Grkttdhrflkf f gokfvj –sknnjtrkgf„ ..................................................................................................................................... 66 <.6.6.0.- Grkttdhrflkf f gokfvj –fsknnjtrkgf„ ................................................................................................................................... 62

<.6.2.- Jvdcuzkdaj adrnftkvf suc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd j cf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf ............................................................................... 67 <.2.- Cf –rfpprjsjatfzkdaj kaldrnftkgf„5 kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd .......................................................................................................... 60

<.2.6.- @jlkakzkdak ........................................................................................................................................................................................

<.2.2.- @kspdskzkdak ...................................................................................................................................................................................... <.7.- C‛knputfzkdaj `jc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd5 cj lkrnj jcjttrdakgoj ....................................................................................................... 6?

<.7.6.- ]rdbcjnk ̀ k gddr`kafnjatd trf ̀ krkttd gdnuaktfrkd j ̀ krkttd ktfckfad ....................................................................................... 6? <.7.2.- @jlkakzkdak prjsjatk ajc G.F.@. ..................................................................................................................................................... 2= <.7.7.- @kspdskzkdak ......................................................................................................................................................................................

<.0.- Wkatjsk succ‛jqukpfrfzkdaj trf –prdvj jcjttrdakgoj„ j –prdvj fafcdhkgoj„ ..................................................................................... 26 <.:.- Gjaak succf ]dstf Jcjttrdakgf Gjrtklkgftf ............................................................................................................................................... 27

<.:.6.- Cf adrnftkvf succf ]JG .................................................................................................................................................................. 2 <.:.2.- Cf vfck`fzkdaj tjnpdrfcj ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 <.:.7.- Kstfazj fccf ].F. ka ldrnftd jcjttrdakgd j kc sjrvkzkd «]dstfGjrtklkgftM¹ (gjaak) ................................................................. 2?

8.- Gdagcuskdak ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2; ?.- Fpprdlda`knjatk ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7=

?.6.- Ldatk gdnuaktfrkj ka tjnf ̀ k –fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj„ ................................................................................................................... 7= ?.2.- Ldatk adrnftkvj katjraj ka tjnf `k –fnnkakstrfzkdaj ̀ khktfcj„ ......................................................................................................... 76 ?.7.- K prkagkpk `jcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj .................................................................................................................................................. 77

?.7.6.- K prkagkpk gdstktuzkdafck `jccf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj ........................................................................................................... 77 ?.7.2.- K prkagkpk prdprk `jcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj ........................................................................................................................... 77

?.0.- Kc gd`kgj `jcc'fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj ‗ pfadrfnkgf `jc @.Chs. ?2/2==: j dssjrvfzkdak ............................................................. 70 ?.:.- ]rkagkpk hjajrfck ka tjnf ̀ k prdvf ajc ̀ krkttd gkvkcj .............................................................................................................................. 78

?.:.6.- Prf –ckbjrd gdavkagknjatd„ `jc hku`kgj j –rfpprjsjatfzkdaj„ njatfcj .................................................................................. 7? ?.:.2.- Cj –rkprd`uzkdak njggfakgoj„ j –gdpkj„ ..................................................................................................................................... 7; ?.:.7.- Cf «sgrktturf prkvftf¹ ...................................................................................................................................................................... ?.:.0.- C‛fttd pubbckgd .................................................................................................................................................................................

?.<.- ]rdlkck fppckgftkvk ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 02 ?.<.6.- @kspdskzkdak pfrtkgdcfrnjatj skhaklkgftkvj `jc Gd`kgj `jcc‛Fnnkakstrfzkdaj @khktfcj ....................................................... 02 ?.<.2.- Cf pfrtjgkpfzkdaj f bfa`k `k hfrf ka ldrnftd jcjttrdakgd .......................................................................................................... 02

?.<.2.6.- Adrnftkvf ̀ k rkljrknjatd ...................................................................................................................................................... 02 ?.<.2.2.- Hkurkspru`jazf adtjvdcj ....................................................................................................................................................... 0

?.<.7.- Kc –Lrdatjspkzkd `khktfcj„ `k Jquktfckf ........................................................................................................................................... 0: ?.<.0.- ]drtfcj ̀ jccf trfspfrjazf ................................................................................................................................................................. 0 ?.<.:.- Kavkd tjcjnftkgd ̀ jk gjrtklkgftk ̀ k Bkcfagkd ̀ k ]rjvkskdaj 2=62 ................................................................................................ 0< ?.<.<.- Cf advktí `ftf `fc –@jgrjtd Grjsgktf„ .......................................................................................................................................... 0< ?.<.8.- Cj rjspdasfbkcktí kajrjatk fcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj ............................................................................................................. 0;

?.<.8.6.- Rjspdasfbkcktí `krkhjazkfcj .................................................................................................................................................. 0; ?.<.8.2.- Rjftk (`fccf Gdavjazkdaj `k Bu`fpjst `jc 2==6 rjgjpktf gda C. 0?/2==?) .................................................................. 0;

;.- ]rkagkpfck rkljrknjatk ......................................................................................................................................................................................... :=

K pfrfhrflk jvk`jazkftk gda kc sjhad (*) gdstktuksgdad –Fpprdlda`knjatd„ j pjrtfatd sdad dhhjttd `jc

prdhrfnnf `‛jsfnj pjr hck stu`jatk `k Hkurkspru`jazf j Wgkjazj hkurk`kgoj, ada pjr hck stu`jatk `kWgkjazj `jk Wjrvkzk hkurk`kgk pubbckgk j prkvftk.

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1 ]rjnjssf fccf cjzkdaj d`kjraf 1


6.- ]rjnjssf fccf cjzkdaj d`kjraf

Ajccf cjzkdaj prjgj`jatj sk ï katrd`dttf cf tjnftkgf `jcc‛kaldrnftkgf hkurk`kgf vjrf j prdpr kf fttrfvjrsd cf trfttfzkdajsdnnfrkf `jccf gkbjrajtkgf, ajccj suj trj vfrkfatk (prknd, sjgda`d j tjrzd hrf`d) j ajccj gdrrkspda`jatk gdakuhfzkda

tkvj fc pjaskjrd hkurk`kgd.Wjnprj ajccf cjzkdaj prjgj`jatj sk ï fpprdlda`ktf cf adzkdaj `k –Wdgkjtí `jcc‛Kaldrnfzkdaj„, rkgdccjhfa`dcf fknfgkbjrajtkgf j` fccf gdagjzkdaj –futdpdkjtkgf„ `jcc‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd. @f gkò ï jnjrsd gdnj ka jssf sk pdssk-ùfrj ua nd`jccd `k gdavkvjazf rfzkdafckstkgd, d njhckd tjgadgrftkgd, `k guk sdad stftj jvk`jazkftj fpdrkj, `kgdatrf``kzkdak.

Ajccf cjzkdaj d`kjraf sk trfttjrí `jccf sjgda`f gkbjrajtkgf j `jccf suf fppckgfzkdaj fcc‛fnbktd hkurk`kgd. Wk trfttf, ka nfssknf skatjsk, `k vjrklkgfrj gdnj cf –tjdrkf `jccf gdnpcjssktí„ pdssf jssjrj fssdgkftf fc nutfnjatd `k

prdspjttkvf ajc nd`d `k rfpprjsjatfrj kc rfppdrtd trf `krkttd j hkurkstf. Ka sdstfazf, c‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd ‗ gdagjpktd kand`d –futdpdkjtkgd„ j quka`k –frtklkgkfcj„ ‗ sk rksdcvj ka ua kaskjnj `k prdgjùrj `k –katjrfzkdaj„ trf –dpjrftdrj„ j –skstj-nf„, quka`k pjr`j dhak rkljrknjatd `k tkpd sdstfazkfcj, rjfcj d afturfcj.

]jr gdnprja`jrj su qufck lda`fnjatk gkò vjahf flljrnftd ‗ j qufck skfad cj dbkjzkdak goj sk pdssdad nudvjrj f tfck

tjsk ‗ dggdrrj sgdnpdrrj c‛frhdnjatfzkdaj su ùj pkfak5 uad squksktfnjatjtjdrkgd, c‛fctrdtjdrjtkgd.Ka prknd cudhd, sdttd kc prdlkcdtjdrkgd, dggdrrj `jsgrkvjrj gdnj vkjaj gdagjpktd c‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd, quka`k jspdr-rj pjr sdnnk gfpk cf rfpprjsjatfzkdaj –rjtkgdcfrj„ `jcc‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd.

Kasjgda`d cudhd,pjr qufatd gdagjraj c‛fspjttdtjdrjtkgd dspjgucftkvd, bksdhaf gdnprja`jrj qufcj skf kc skhaklkgftd`k tfck tjdrkj, sj k prjsuppdstk j cj knpckgfzkdak skfad fggjttfbkck d njad.

Wk ï hkí fggjaaftd ajccf cjzkdaj prjgj`jatj fc lfttd goj hck frhdnjatk fcc‛katjrad `k qujstf tjnftkgf pdssdad jssjrj`kstkatk ka bfsj fc pdtjrj pubbckgkstkgd goj subksgj kc prdgjssd `k –kaldrnftkzzfzkdaj„. Ka qujstf sj`j sk katja`j prkvkcjhkf-rj kc rfppdrtd trf kaldrnftkgf j `krkttd fnnkakstrftkvd, quka`k gdagjatrfrj c‛fttjazkdaj succf –fnnkakstrfzkdaj `kcf nfhhkdrj rkcjvfazf prftkgf, tuttfvkf sk trfttjrí fagoj ka tjnf `k fppckgfzkdaj `jcc‛kaldrnftkgf fc pdtjrj cjhkscftk-nftkgf) j fc pdtjrj hkurks`kzkdafcj (hkustkzkf jcjttrdakgf). Wfrfaad ldraktk fcguak gjaak fcc‛utkckzzd `k tjgadcdhkj kaldrnftkgoj`k gfrfttjrj `dgunjatfcj, f njrd sgdpd `k gdnpcjtjzzf.

Gkbjrajtkgf Kaldrnftkgf hkurk`kgf Frhdnjatk

]rknf gkbjrajtkgf Wkstjnk –futdpdkjtkgk„ –Wdgkjtí `jcc‛kaldrnfzkdaj„ gdnj nd`jccd `k gdavkvjazf `kgfrfttjrj tjgadgrftkgd.

Wjgda`fgkbjrajtkgf

Pjdrkf `jccf gdnpcjssktí Hkustkzkf jcjttrdakgf

Cjhknftkgf

Fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj

–akgokcksnd hkurk`kgd„

Pjrzf gkbjrajtkgf Wdhhjttkvktí frtklkgkfcj Katjcckhjazf frtklkgkfcj j rfhkdafnjatd hkurk`kgd

Katjcckhjazf frtklkgkfcj j rjspdasfbkcktí hkurk`kgf.

Wdhhjttd frtklkgkfcj j sdvrfaktí (gjaak fccf –hujrrfgkbjrajtkgf„)

Ajccf prjsjatj `kspjasf sk trfttjrfaad k sjhujatk frhdnjatk5(6) Gkbjrajtkgf `k sjgda`d hrf`d j –tjdrkf `jccf gdnpcjssktí„9 (2) Gdagjzkdaj –rjtkgdcfrj„ `jcc‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd9(7) Fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj9(0) @dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd j lkrnj jcjttrdakgoj.





1 Katrdùzkdaj fccf –gkbjrajtkgf ̀ k sjgda`d hrf`d„ gdnj –tjdrkf ̀ jccf gdnpcjssktí„ 1


2.- Katrdùzkdaj fccf–gkbjrajtkgf `k sjgda`d hrf`d „ gdnj –tjdrkf `jccf gdnpcjssktí„

Gdnj fggjaaftd ajccf cjzkdaj prjgj`jatj, cf –gkbjrajtkgf `k sjgda`d hrf`d„ ‗ d –gkbjrajtkgf `jccf gkbjrajtkgf„ ‗ rk-hufr`f cd stu`kd `jccf –katjrfzkdaj„6 trf skstjnf, fnbkjatj j` dssjrvftdrj2.

Kc skhaklkgftd `k qujstf `ksgkpckaf jnjrhj `fccf gdnprjaskdaj `jc tjrnkaj –katjrfzkdaj„. Kalfttk, ï ludrvkfatj f-td gdnuaj `jc tjrnkaj–katjrfttkvktí„, gda kc qufcj sk ka`kgf c‛utkckzzd `jhck fppfrftk kaldrnftkgk `f pfrtj `jcc‛kar-aj j` dssf5 ka qujstd sjasd ï gdnuaquj katjrjssfatj sjhafcfrj gdnj cj H.Z.K. (Hrfpokg Zsjr Katjrlfgj) ajk gfcgdcftdrk ‗ jspjrkjazf qudtk`kfaf pjr nkckdak `k pjrsdaj ‗ ada skfad fctrd goj uaf `jccj svfrkftj fppckgfzkdak `k qujstf `ksgkpcka7.Ka rjfctí cf –katjrfzkdaj„ fvvkjaj ka nd`d –gkbjrajtkgd„, ùaquj fttrfvjrsd uad sgfnbk `k kaldrnfzkdak. ]jrtfatdjcjnjatk goj sdad gdkavdctk ajc lcussd kaldrnftkvd sdad rk`dttk ka tjrnkak –`khktfck„. Fagoj c‛dssjrvftdrj, ùaquj, ï gdagjpk-td gdnj ua –skstjnf gdhaktkvd„. Ka skatjsk, sj cf gkbjrajtkgf `k prknd hrf`d fssunjvf cf rfpprjsjatfzkdaj `jccf rjftjrnkak `k skstjnk –futdpdkjtkgk„, qujccf `k sjgda`d hrf`d sk rjhhj succ‛fssknkcfzkdaj trf ka`kvkùd j –nfggoka

@k gdasjhujazf, sk può sdstjajrj goj cj `kllkgdctí rkcjvftj ajccf prknf gkbjrajtkgf sdttd kc prdlkcddatdcdhkgd sk rklcjttd-ad ajccf sjgda`f gkbjrajtkgf ka gdnpckgfzkdak goj katfggfad c‛fspjttdhadsjdcdhkgd. Wk pfrcf ka qujstd sjasd `k –tjdrkf`jccf gdnpcjssktí„0. Wj ajc prknd gfsd kc skstjnf futdpdkjtkgd tja`j f sdstktukrsk fccf rjfctí, sdvrfppdaja`d cf gdstraj frtklkgkfcj fccf afturf `jccj gdsj j prjtja`ja`d `k prjsgka`jrj `f qujstj uctknj, ajc sjgda`d gfsd kc pcjssd skstjnffnbkjatj-dssjrvftdrj trfvfckgf k gdalkak `jccf gdavjazkdafcktí `jccf gdadsgjazf sgkjatklkgf, fssunja`d `k prdùrrjkatjrad dhak pdsskbkcj puatd `k vkstf j ùaquj `k lfr gdkagk`jrj c‛kaskjnj `jccj rfpprjsjatfzkdak fccf gdnprjaskdaj `jccf

rjfctí ajccf suf pkjajzzf.

6 C‛katjrfzkdaj ‗ `jlkaktf `f Fa`y Ckppnfa «Za‛fttkvktí rjgkprdgf j sknuctfajf `f pfrtj `k ùj fttdrk goj `k sdcktd, nf ada ajgjsf-rkfnjatj, pjrsjhudad ua gjrtd dbkjttkvd¹ ‗ lu dhhjttd `k fpprdlda`ktk stu`k fhck kakzk `jhck faak Dttfatf prjssd c‛Ftfrk Rjsjfrgo CfbWuaayvfcj ka Gfckldrakf sdttd cf `krjzkdaj `k Fcfa Ify, adagoë prjssd kc Gjatrd nda`kfcj pjr c‛kaldrnftkgf j cd svkcuppdd `k ]f-rkhk, gda cf huk`f `k Ejfa-Ejfgqujs Wjrvfa-Wgorjkbjr, FCCZGVZÏRJRDWFAAJWPDAJ, Poj Xfr dl @jskrj fa` Pjgadcdhy. Ft tojGcdsj dl toj Njgofakgfc Fhj (6;;:), trf`dttd `f R. Wgflk,@jsk`jrkd j tjgadcdhkf5 kc prdbcjnf `jcc'k`jatktí ajcc'jrf `k Katjrajt , Nkcfad5Ljctrkajcck (Katjrzdaj) 6;;8, p. 60:

2 Ka njrktd sjnbrf `dvjrdsd njazkdafrj fcnjad Lrfagks Ojyckhoja j Gckll Edscya. F gdaljrnf goj cf gkbjrajtkgf ‟`k sjgda`d hrf`d ‛pdssf jssjrj fagoj gokfnftf ‟ka sjasd sdhhjttkvd‛ sk può gktfrj kc lfttd goj jssf gdrr kspda`j fc rksuctftd `jk prdgjssk `k –futd-`jsgrkzkdaj„ j –futd-dssjrvfzkdaj„ `jc skstjnf, gdsãGlr. HZAPOJRPJZBAJR, Rjgot fcs futdpdkjtksgoj systjn (6;?;), trf`dttd `f F.

Cf Wpkaf,Kc `krkttd gdnj skstjnf futdpdkjtkgd, f gurf `k Fcbjrtd Ljbbrfed j Gfrcd ]jaaksk, Nkcfad5 Hkullrï (]ubbckgfzkdak Lfgdctf ̍ `k hkurkspru`jazf, Zakvjrsktf ̍ `k Nfgjrftf. Pjstk j trfùzkdak9 2) 6;;<, p. 2;. Ka fctrk tjrnkak, k sdstjaktdrk `k qujstd drnjatd rktjahdad goj kc skstjnf, `fc ndnjatd goj ï ka hrf`d `k rkgdstrukrj k sudk stjssk prdgjssk ‗ j `k rkgrjfrck ‗ pdssf `krsk fvjr gd-stktuktd uaf suf k`jatktí j ùaquj uaf –sdhhjttkvktí„ ka sjasd lkcdsdlkgd. ]jr sjnpckgktí, sk prjljrksgj utkckzzfrj jsprjsskdak goj, sjbbjaj knprjgksj, rja`dad gdatd `jccf suhhjstkvktí guk gdaùgj cf prdspjttkvf lrdskakfaf. Ka qujstd sjasd, ùaquj, pdssdad jfggjttftk k tjrnkak –skstjnf jspjrtd„ j –katjcckhjazf frtklkgkfcj„. Prf cj `kvjrsj `jadnkafzkdak fctjraftkvj fttrkbuktj f qujstf `ksgkpckaf`k rkgjrgf, nk pfrj katjrjssfatj gktfrj qujccf `k –sknbkdakgf„, pr dpdstf ka N. UJCJA[, Cf hjstkdaj f tjgadcdhkf supjrkdrj j cf hjstkdaj`jccf tjgadcdhkf supjrkdrj, Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, f gurf `k Hkfacugf Bdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpksfpjrj, gdccfaf `krjttf `f Hkfacugf Bdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk) 6;?:, p. 0=6

7 Kc ckahufhhkd sknbdckgd, prjsjatj ajcc‛katjrlfggkf hrflkgf `jk gfcgdcftdrk, lu drkhkafrkfnjatj gdagjpktd prjssd kc]fcd Fctd RjsjfrgoGjatjr (]FRG) `f ua hruppd `k stu`k katjr`ksgkpckafrk LRFAGDGFRCKAK, ]rjlfzkdaj , Katjrajt `rjfns. Frgojtypjs, Nytos, fa`Njtofpodrs (6;;<), trf`dttd `f Ck`kf ]jrrkf,Katjrajt `rjfns5 frgojtkpk, nktk j njtfldrj , f gurf `k Nfri Wtjlki, Rdnf-Pdrkad5Pjcjgdn Ktfckf ZPJP ckbrjrkf (Nj`kfndrldsk) 6;;8, p. _\K Wk `jlkaksgj gdnjOunfa-Gdnputjr Katjrfgtkda cd stu`kd `jccf spjgklkgf

gdnuakgfzkdaj nj`kftf `f fppfrjggokfturj jcjttrdakgoj ‗ cfGdnputjr-nj`kftj` Gdnuakgftkda ‗ ka guk uad sdcd `jk tjrnkak `jclcussd kaldrnftkvd ï `ftd `f uaf nfggokaf GOFRCJWJWW, Gdnputjr-nj`kftj` Gdnnuakgftkda fa` Ounfa-Gdnputjr Katjrfgtkda ,Poj Bcfgiwjcc huk`j td toj pokcdsdpoy dl gdnputkah fa` kaldrnftkda, f gurf `k Cugkfad Lcdrk`k, Nfc`ja, NF5 Bcfgiwjcc ]ub.(Bcfgiwjcc pokcdsdpoy huk`js) 2==0, p. 8;

0 Kc rfppdrtd trfdssjrvftdrj j skstjnf ï dhhjttd `jccftjdrkf `jccf gdnpcjssktí, goj ajccd spjgklkgd stu`kf `fc puatd `k vkstf kaldrnftk-gd cj rksdrsj ajgjssfrkj f rksdcvjrj ua prdbcjnf. Ka tfc sjasd5 «Poj tojdry dl gdnpcjxkty fafcyzjs toj gdnputftkdafc rjsdurgjsajgjssfry td sdcvj f prdbcjn. Poj ndst knpdrtfat dl tojsj rjsdurgjs frj tknj (aunbjr dl stjps ka f gdnputftkda) fa` spfgj (Wtdr-fhj gfpfgkty dl toj gdnputjr) ¹ F. ZRVZOFRP, Gdnpcjxkty , Poj Bcfgiwjcc huk`j td toj pokcdsdpoy dl gdnputkah fa` kaldrnftkda, fgurf `k Cugkfad Lcdrk`k, Nfc`ja, NF5 Bcfgiwjcc ]ub. (Bcfgiwjcc pokcdsdpoy huk`js) 2==0, p. 6; Ka hjajrfcj, cfgdnpcjssktí rfp-prjsjatf uaf nksurf `jk hrf`k gdnputfzkdafck `k prjvj`kbkcktí, `kpja`jatk `fc lcussd kaldrnftkvd ajk skstjnk `kafnkgk5 «gdnpcjxkty ks fnjfsurj dl gdnputftkdafc `jhrjjs ldr prj`kgtfbkckty, `jpja`kah da toj kaldrnftkda lcdw ka toj `yafnkgfc systjns ¹ I CFZWNFKAUJR,Wystjn5 Fa Katrdùgtkda td Wystjns Wgkjagj, Poj Bcfgiwjcc huk`j td toj pokcdsdpoy dl gdnputkah fa` kaldrnftkda, f gurf `k CugkfadLcdrk`k, Nfc`ja, NF5 Bcfgiwjcc ]ub. (Bcfgiwjcc pokcdsdpoy huk`js) 2==0, p. 2?.Cf –gdnpcjssktí„ `jc nda`d knpdaj `k rkùrrj cjpdsskbkcktí pjr rja`jrj `dnkafbkcj c‛jspjrkjazf5 cf prjhjvdcjzzf `k ua skstjnf tjdrkgd stfrjbbj ùaquj ajccf suf k`dajktí f `jtjr-nkafrj tfcj –rkùzkdaj„. Hkí ajhck faak Dttfatf sk gdnprjsj cf grktkgktí `k qujstd fpprdggkd, goj f nkd pfrjrj katja`j ada tatd rfp-prjsjatfrj uaf `jtjrnkaftf sktufzkdaj jnpkrkgf supjrfa`d c‛kasullkgkjazf `jc pfrf`khnf rfzkdafckstkgd, qufatd rknfajrj fagdrftd fqujst‛uctknd adadstfatj cf gdasfpjvdcjzzf `jccf suf pfrzkfcktí.





1 Katrdùzkdaj fccf –gkbjrajtkgf ̀ k sjgda`d hrf`d„ gdnj –tjdrkf ̀ jccf gdnpcjssktí„ 1


Ajc `jttfhckd, sk può sdstjajrj goj cftjdrkf `jccf gdnpcjssktí sk prdpdaj `k jstja`jrj cf pdrtftf `jccj cjhhk sgkjatklk-goj f` uaf «zdaf `jc pdsskbkcj¹ : `ftf `fccf gdnpdskzkdaj `jccj `kvjrsj prdspjttkvj `k fafcksk, cf qufcj sk pdaj lud`fcc‛fnbktd ̀ jccfajgjssfrkf `jùzkdaj fsskdnftkgf5 dvj nfhhkdrj ldssj kc advjrd `jccj dssjrvfzkdak jlljttuftj, pkû fn-pkd sfrjbbj cd spjttrd `jk rksuctftk dttjautk, pkû jstjsf `kvjrrjbbj cf gdadsgjazf `jc ljadnjad, pkû fctf c‛fllk`fbkcktí `jccjtjsk gdagjpktj succf bfsj `jk `ftk rfggdctk. Cf gkbjrajtkgf, ka qujstk tjrnkak, sk prdpdaj gdnj vkskdaj gdsndcdhk<.

Dggdrrj prjgksfrj, pjrò, goj qujstf rfpprjsjatfzkdaj ada gdkagk`j gda cf rjfctí, pjrgoë ï gda`kzkdaftf sdttd kc pcd jpkstjndcdhkgd5 fazktuttd, cf gjrtjzzf `jùttkvf sk rkùgj f njrf gdadsgjazf prdbfbkckstkgf9 ka sjgda`d cudhd, c‛dhhjttd`jc sfpjrj vkjaj f `kpja`jrj `fccj pdskzkdak rkgdpjrtj `fcc‛dssjrvftdrj, kc qufcj ï kasjrktd fcc‛katjrad `jc nd`jccd `jk-vd. Wdttd qujstd prdlkcd, ï katjrjssfatj goj, rkspjttd fc prdbcjnf `jkgrktjrk succ‛ka`kvkùfzkdaj `jk ‟ puatk `k vkstf‛ d succjnd`fcktí `jccf cdrd rjgkprdgf katjrrjcfzkdaj, fcguak sk cknktfad f` fnnjttjraj kc gfrfttjrj gdavjazkdafcj j quka`kzkfcnjatj frbktrfrkd8, fctrk kavjgj prjsundad goj skf sullkgkjatj stfbkckrj uaf jllkgfgj –strftjhkf ajccf gdadsgjazf„rksdcvjrj dhak prdbcjnf njtd`dcdhkgd?.

: NFZRDGJRZPK, Cf oybrks `jcc‛daaksgjazf j cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, f gurf `k Hkfacugf Bdggok jNfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk `jc sfpjrj) 6;?:, p. 7=

< F gdaljrnf, nk sjnbrf katjrjssfatj rkcjvfrj gdnj `k rjgjatj skf stftd rkcjvftd goj cftjdrkf `jccf gdnpcjssktí gdstruksgj uaf vjrf j

prdprkfvkskdaj gdsndcdhkgf F.N. EFGDBJCCKKWDC@K, Rklcjsskdak succf gdnpcjssktí, ka «Audvf Gkvkctí `jccj Nfggokaj¹, a. 0 (2==<), p.6=88 Za lda`fnjatd krrfzkdafcj ï stftd fnnjssd knpckgktfnjatj fctrjsã ajk skstjnk futdpdkjtkgk, hkfggoë sk ï rkgdadsgkutd goj `jcc‛futd-drhfakzzfzkdaj vk ï uaf pjsfatj kpdtjgf rjcftkvkstkgf5 «ka lfgt kt ks knpdsskbcj td `jlkaj sjcl-drhfakzftkda wktodut sdnj fp-





1 Cf gdagjzkdaj –rjtkgdcfrj„ ̀ jcc‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd 1

Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt : / :2

Wuc pkfad jrnjajutkgd c‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd, sjgda`d qujstf rkgdstruzkdaj, ada ï pkû ua kaskjnj `k cjhhk (ldrnfcksnd hkurk`kgd), d ua kaskjnj `k lfttk adrnftkvk (rjfcksnd hkurk`kgd), nf kc prdgjssd katjccjttkvd ‗ d njhckd –gdhaktkvd„ ‗ gojgdaskstj ajcc‛jcfbdrfrj gdnfa`k prftkgk (kstruzkdak) `k gda`dttf.–Dr`kafnjatd„ `kvjatf ‗ cjttjrfcnjatj ‗ kc prdgjssd `kjcfbdrfzkdaj sknbdckgf `jk gdnfa`k hkurk`kgk goj gkfsgua hkurkstf gdnpkj ajcc‛fllrdatfrj k gfsk gdagrjtk.

7.- Cf gdagjzkdaj –rjtkgdcfrj„ `jcc‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd

]jr gdnprja`jrj gdnj cf –tjdrkf `jccf gdnpcjssktí„ pdssf fppckgfrsk fc `krkttd dggdrrj lfrj ua pfssd ka`kjtrd, fga-afa`d fc nd`d ka guk cf adzkdaj `k dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd ï stftf jcfbdrftf ajccf gdatjnpdrfajktí.

Kc puatd `k pfrtjazf, pjr qufatd gdagjraj c‛fafcksk goj stkfnd gdnpkja`d,ï `ftd `fc Gd`kgj Gkvkcj lrfagjsj, `jc6?=0. Ka jssd sk rktrdvfad5

(6) uakgf ldatj `k `krkttd, ka sdstktuzkdaj fc pcurfcksnd nj`kjvfcj9(2) ua uakgd skstjnf adrnftkvd, katrkasjgfnjatj gdjrjatj9(7) jsprjsskdaj `k gdatjautk hkurk`kgk rjcftkvk fc gdatjstd (sdvrfad, gdnuaktí pdcktkgf cdgfcj) `uaquj pfrtk

–uakvjrsfck„ gdnj kc –`krkttd afturfcj„; .Ka qujstd sjasd, ldrsj jsfhjrfa`d, sk può sdstjajrj goj kc Gd`kgj fssunf ua skhaklkgftd qufsk –tdtjnkgd„ sdttk-

vjrsk prdlkck5

(6)datdcdhkgd j tjdrjtkgd. Ada jskstj `krkttd gkvkcj fc `k ludrk `jc gd`kgj gkvkcj. Kc –`krkttd afturfcj„ ada ï pk–`krkttd„. «kd ada gdadsgd kc `krkttd gkvkcj, kd kasjhad kc Gd`kgj Afpdcjdaj¹ 6=Y6^.(2)hadsjdcdhkgd j tjdrkgd. Ada jskstj fctrd `krkttd fc `k ludrk `jccf vdcdatí `jc sdvrfad goj ka jssd sk kagfraf. Cf

sk pdaj gdnj uakgf ldatj adrnftkvf, jsgcu`ja`d hck dr`kafnjatk pfrtkgdcfrk `fccf sljrf `jccf hkurk`kgktí.(7)jrnjajutkgd j prftkgd . Ada jskstj fctrf katjrprjtfzkdaj `jc `krkttd fc `k ludrk `k qujccf –futjatkgf„ `jc sdvrf

hku`kgj ï vkstd gdnj ua –futdnf„5 «bdggf goj prdauagkf cj pfrdcj `jccf cjhhj Y…^ jssjrk kafaknftk goj ada pdssdadnd`jrfrj aë cf ldrzf aë kc rkhdrj `k jssf¹ 66.

pjfc td katuktkda¹ FCJ_ N. FA@RJX, Wjcl-drhfakzkah systjns, Ajw [dri5 Hdr`da fa` Brjfgo Wgkjagj ]ubcksojrs (Wtu`kjs kaGybjrajtkgs9 6?) 6;?;, p. 68 Kadctrj5 «toj `jsgrkptkda dl fa jatkty fs sjcl-drhfakzkah ks ajgjssfrkcy subejgtkvj¹ kbk`jn, p. 2= Fcguakfutdrk gdasjrvfad uaf gokfrf gdasfpjvdcjzzf `jccf gdavjazkdafcktí `jc `ksgdrsd sgkjatklkgd j `jcc‛frtklkgkfcktí `jccf grjfzkd`jcck jpkstjndcdhkgk5 «cf –gdnpcjssktí„ ï katjsf ajc gd`kgj j ada ajccf –afturf `jccj gdsj„¹ E.C. CJ NDKHAJ, ]rdhjttfzkdaj `jccfgdnpcjssktí j gdnpcjssktí `jccf prdhjttfzkdaj , Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, f gurf `k Hkfacugf Bdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk `jc sfpjrj) 6;?:, p. ?0 Cf gdavjazkdafcktí ï jsprjssfnjatj fnnjssf ka O. \ DALDJRWPJR, Gkbjrajtkgf j`jpkstjndcdhkf5 stdrkf j prdspjttkvj, Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, f gurf `k Hkfacugf Bdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gf`jc sfpjrj) 6;?:, p. 60= adagoë ka OJARKFPCFA, Gdnpcjssktí, `ksdr`kaj j futdgrjfzkdaj `k skhaklkgftd, Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, fgurf `k Hkfacugf Bdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk `jc sfpjrj) 6;?:, p. 68<

? Ajc sdstjajrj cf ajgjssktí `k uaf sfpkjatj rkgjrgf `jk puatk `k dssjrvfzkdaj, sk hkuahj f` flljrnfrjgoj «cf sgkjazf ï ua‛frtj, pj r-goë ï uaf strftjhkf `jccf gdadsgjazf ¹ J @HFRNDRKA, Cj vkj `jccf gdnpcjssktí, Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, f gurf `k HkfacugfBdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk `jc sfpjrj) 6;?:, p. :; Fccd stjssd nd`d cf gdadsgjazf vkjaj gdagjpktf kaskjnj `k strftjhkj `k fpprja`knjatd ka @. LFBBRKNDAPJWFAD JF. NZAFRK, Kc gdadsgjrj `jc sfpjrj. Gdnpcjssktí j pskgdcdhkfgucturfcj, Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, f gurf `k Hkfacugf Bdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk `jc sfpjrj) 6;?:, p. qujstd sjasd, pdkgoë gdasjatj `k rkgdccjhfrj trf cdrd `kvjrsk jcjnjatk sknbdckgk,cf stjssf lkhurf rjtdrkgf `jccf –njtfldrf„ `kvjatf uadtrf k vfrk «strunjatk `jc gdadsgjrj ¹ kbk`jn, p. 706

; Wuc –Wkstjnf„,LRFAGDND@ZHAD, vdgjWkstjnf hkurk`kgd, kaJagkgcdpj`kf Hkurk`kgf Prjggfakvdc. __K_ Rdnf5 Kstktutd `jccfJagkgcdpj`kf ktfckfaf 6;;7, pp. 69 HKDRHKDCFUUFRD, vdgjWkstjnf hkurk`kgd, kaAdvkssknd @khjstd Ktfckfad, vdc. _\KK, Pdrkad5 ZPJP6;8=, pp. 0:;9 suc –gd`kgj„,\ KAGJAUD] KFADNDRPFRK, vdgjGd`kgj (stdrkf), kaJagkgcdpj`kf `jc @krkttd, vdc. \KK, Nkcfad5 Hkullrï 6;<=,

6= Ejfa Buhajt, prdljssdrj `k `krkttd gkvkcj f ]frkhk5 «Ej aj gdaafks pfs cj @rdtk gkvkc9 ej a‛jasjkhaj quj cj Gd`j Afpdcëda¹, jsprjs-skdaj rkpdrtftf `f Euckja Bdaajgfsj j rkprjsf ka HZK@DLFWWÒ, Wtdrkf `jccf lkcdsdlkf `jc `krkttd, \dc. KKK. Dttdgjatd j Advjgjatd, 7vdcs., Rdnf-Bfrk5 Cftjrzf (Nfaufck Cftjrzf9 607) 2==6, p. 6?.

66 GOFRCJW-CDZKW @JNDAPJWVZKJZ, @j c'jsprkt `js cdkx du `u rfppdrt quj cjs cdkx `dkvjat fvdkr fvjg cf gdastktutkda `j gofqujhduvjrajnjat, cjs ndjurs, cj gcknft, cf rjckhkda, cj gdnnjrgj, &g f qudk c'futjur f fedutj `js rjgojrgojs aduvjccjs lur cjs cdkxrdnfkajs tdugofat cjs suggjsskdaks, lur cjs cdkx lrfagdksjs, & lur cjs cdkx ljd`fcjs, 2 vdcs., Hkajvrf5 gojz Bfrrkccdt & lkcs 680?, p. _K<.






Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt < / :2

Wuggjsskvfnjatj, cf tjdrkf hjajrfcj `jc `krkttd of gdagjpktd c‛katjr d dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd gdnj ua skstjnf. Gdajsprjsskdaj gdatjnpdrfajf, sk può sdstjajrj goj cd Wtftd, fttrfvjrsd kc `krkttd, –gd`klkgf„ k rfppdrtk katjrsdhhjttkvf-sldrnfa`d„ cf sdgkjtí sjgda`d cf vdcdatí `jc sdvrfad.

C‛k`jf `k lda`d può jssjrj rfpprjsjatftf fagoj gda cf adtf –pkrfnk`j„ `k Ofas Ijcsja. Dhak adrnf `jrkvf `fccf–Adrnf lda`fnjatfcj„, goj ada ï –pdstf„ `fc cjhkscftdrj nf –prjsuppdstf„ ka luazkdaj `jccf vfck`ktí `jc skstjnf.

Wuggjsskvfnjatj, jnjrhdad `jk lfttdrk grktkgk `jc –skstjnf hkurk`kgd„ gdsã gdagjpktd625

62 N.H. CDWFAD, @krkttd turbdcjatd, ka «Rkvkstf Katjrafzkdafcj `k Lkcdsdlkf `jc @krkttd¹, a. 7 (2==:), p. 0=:







(6) C‛kpjrtrdlkf cjhkscftkvf `fc puatd `k vkstf katjrad fcc‛dr`kafnjatd, goj nkaf fccj lda`fnjatf cf sdstjakbk–gdjrjazf katjraf„ `jc skstjnf adrnftkvd. Vujstd ljadnjad ï bja adtd fc hkurkstf ktfckfad.

(2) Cf pcurfcktí `jhckdr`kafnjatk hkurk`kgk j cf ajgjssktí `k rkgdadsgjrj ldatk `jc `krkttd fagoj fcc‛jst`jcc‛dr`kafnjatd stftfcj.

(7) Cf hcdbfckzzfzkdaj j cf grksk `jccf sdvrfaktí f ckvjccd katjrafzkdafcj, gda kc supjrfnjatd `jc nd`jccd `k(6<0?), goj fvjvf `ksgkpckaftd k rfppdrtk trf hck Wtftk ajk sjgdck prjgj`jatk.

(0) K `krkttk unfak, j cf ajgjssktí `k fl ljrnfrj c‛jskstjazf `k cknktk fcc‛jsjrgkzkd `jc pdtjrj `f pfrtj `jc Wdvrfad. (:) Cfcjx njrgftdrkf , j cf `klluskdaj `k –spfzk„ `k hkurk`kgktí goj prjsgka`dad `fhck dr`kafnjatk pdsktkvk.

Cf grktkgktí ï `ftf `fc lfttd goj tuttj qujstj jsprjsskdak `k hkurk`kgktí ada pdssdad jssjrj rkgdnprjsj fcc‛katjrskstjnf ijcsjakfad. Prf cj svfrkftj tjsk prdpdstj pjr supjrfrj qujstj `kllkgdctí, sk gdask`jrfad ka qujstf sj`j qujccj krjatk fcc‛fppckgfzkdaj `jccf –tjdrkf `jccf gdnpcjssktí„, dsskf kc tjatftkvd `k fppckgfrj kc pcjssd strutturfc-luazkdafcj skstjnf-fnbkjatj-dssjrvftdrj svkcuppftd fcc‛katjrad `jccf sjgda`f gkbjrajtkgf.

Ka sdstfazf, c‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd rfpprjsjatf kc skstjnf –hjajrfcj„, fc guk katjrad vk sdad `kvjrsk –sdttdskka rjcfzkdaj trf cdrd nj`kfatj sgfnbkd `k –kaldrnfzkdak„. Ka qujstd sjasd, dhak sdttd-skstjnf –gd`klkgf„ uaf pdrzkdaj `krjfctí, rknfa`fa`d pjr kc rjstd fhck fctrk jcjnjatk gda guk ï ka gdaajsskdaj.

C‛k`jf `k lda`d ï ajccf –tjdrkf `jccf gdnpcjssktí„5 `k lrdatj fccf ndctjpckgktí `jk skstjnk, c‛dssjrvftdrj (kc h–spdstfrsk„, fafckzzfa`d cf rjfctí (kc `krkttd) sdttd ̀ kvjrsj prdspjttkvj.

Cf ndctjpckgktí `k vj`utj vkjaj f gdstktukrj uaf ldrnf `k gdadsgjazf goj rknfaj `k tkpd prdbfbkckstkgd, nf g

sja`d pcurfcj, può jssjrj gdask`jrftf gdnj –vjrktftkvf„, pjrgoë ka jssf c‛dssjrvftdrj rkgdadsgj cj prdprkj –cdhkgKcprdgjssd, d njhckd,c‛kaskjnj `k prdgjssk ka guk gdaskstj kc `krkttd, ada fppfrtkjaj fcc‛dr`kafnjatd, nf ï njrfnjatj katjc-





1Cf –Wdgkjtí ̀ jcc‛Kaldrnfzkdaj„ j cf –rfpprjsjatfzkdaj kaldrnftkgf„ ̀ jcc‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd 1

Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt ? / :2

cjttufckstkgd.Gdsã gdnj –luazkdaf„ kc `krkttd, fccd stjssd nd`d `jvj –luazkdafrj„ cf njatj `jc hkurkstf. Kc njtd`d hrkprd`ugj cj `kafnkgoj katrkasjgoj `jcc‛dr`kafnjatd. J c‛dr`kafnjatd sk strutturf f sjgda`f `jc rfhkdafnjatd hkurk`kgd67.

Ka nfssknf skatjsk, c‛dr`kafnjatd `kvjatf uaf –rjtj„ gdhaktkvf fc guk katjrad kc hkurkstf può –afvkhfrj„. D nu-rkstf ada può goj drkjatfrsk sjhuja`d cj gdaajsskdak goj può svkcuppfrjfcc‛katjrad `jcc‛dr`kafnjatd, nf ada può usgkr-aj5 ada può pjajtrfrj ajccf rjfctí `jcc‛jspjrkjazf, goj hck ï prjgcusf, gdsã gdnj ada può fsgja`jrj fccf rkgjrgf `k vfctrfsgja`jatk. Cf –rjtj„ `jc `krkttd ï `jc tuttd knnfajatj.

Ajccf gdagjzkdaj –rjtkgdcfrj„ vjahdad f gdalda`jrsk adrnf j` katjrprjtfzkdaj, dr`kafnjatd j njtd`dcdhkf, grjfzkd-aj j fppckgfzkdaj adrnftkvf.

Lkhurf 65 gdaajsskdak cdhkgoj rjcftkvj fcc‛katjrrdhfzkdaj –rjspdasfbkcktí prdvk`jr„ `jc sktd ottp5//www.tdugohrfpo.gdn60 .

0.- Cf –Wdgkjtí `jcc‛Kaldrnfzkdaj„ j cf –rfpprjsjatfzkdaj kaldrnftkgf„ `jcc‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd

@jckajftf cf gdagjzkdaj –gkbjrajtkgf„ `jcc‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd, dggdrrj f qujstd puatd vjrklkgfrj gdnj jssskf rk-sgdatrfbkcj fcc‛katjrad ̀ jc `krkttd pdsktkvd.

Wk ï trfttftf, ajccf cjzkdaj prjgj`jatj, cf adzkdaj `k –Wdgkjtí `jcc‛Kaldrnfzkdaj„ gdnj nd`jccd frtklkgkfcj `ka-zf, goj sk kspkrf f` ua pfrf`khnf `k stfnpd tjgadgrftkgd5 ajccf sdgkjtí `jccf –gdadsgjazf„, ka fctrk tjrnkak, ada d-bcjnf goj ada skf rksdcvkbkcj tjgadcdhkgfnjatj j ada vk ï fctrd dbkjttkvd goj cf tjgakgf, pjrgoë jssf ï gdagjpktstrunjatd `k jnfagkpfzkdaj ka`kvk`ufcj, njzzd pjr jsfctfrj cf ckbjrtí goj cf afturf knpj`ksgj `k rjfckzzfrj pkjafnjatj

67 HZWPF\DUFHRJBJCWI[, Kc `krkttd nktj5 cjhhj, `krkttk, hkustkzkf, Pdrkad5 Jkafu`k (Jkafu`k Gdatjnpdrfajf9 60) 6;;2.60 ottp5//www.tdugohrfpo.gdn/sjd/cfuago4q>rjspdasfbkckt%G7%F=%2=prdvk`jr


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1C‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj ̀ khktfcj ajccf –Wdgkjtí ̀ jcc‛Kaldrnfzkdaj„ 1

Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt ; / :2

Wk ï fatkgkpftd fagoj goj cf `ksfnkaf `jccj `kvjrsj nd`fcktí ka guk sk rjfckzzf c‛kaldrnftkgf hkurk`kgf ka sfvvjrrí ka nd`d `f `kstkahujrj f sjgda`f `jc pdtjrj pubbckgkstkgd gdkavdctd.

Ka fctrk tjrnkak, sk utkckzzf cf strutturf gdstktutkvf `jcc‛jsktd pkû fctd `jccf sgkjazf hkurk`kgf j pdcktkgf nd`jraf ‗ cd Wtftd ‗ pjr vjrklkgfrj ka goj tjrnkak cf gkbjrajtkgf kalcuksgf succf suf gdalkhurfzkdaj.

C‛fafcksk vkjaj katrd`dttf `fcc‛jsfnj `jc pdtjrj jsjgutkvd, prdsjhuj kc pdtjrj cjhkscftkvd j sk gdagcu`j gda qujccd hku-`kzkfrkd.

Cf rfhkdaj ï jssjazkfcnjatj prftkgf5 pdkgoë hck jsfnk kagdnbdad, sk ï rktjautd dppdrtuad fatkgkpfrj cf trft`jcc‛frhdnjatd kajrjatj c‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj ka qufatd pkû gdaskstjatj, da`j cfsgkfrj fhck stu`jatk nfhhkdrj tjnpdpjr prjpfrfrsk f sdstjajrj c‛jsfnj ajccf sjsskdaj jstkvf.

:.- C‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj ̀ khktfcj ajccf –Wdgkjtí ̀ jcc‛Kaldrnfzkdaj„

C‛fvvjatd `jcc‛kaldrnftkgf ajc `krkttd fnnkakstrftkvd sk gdhckj ka nd`d jvk`jatj ajc ndnjatd ka guk sk rfc‛jvdcuzkdaj goj of gdkavdctd c‛fttkvktí burdgrftkgf j` k rfppdrtk gda k gkttf`kak5 c‛utkckzzd `jccj audvj tjgadcdhkj of `jtjrnk-aftd ua kagrjnjatd `jcc‛jllkgkjazf ajcc‛drhfakzzfzkdaj `jhck ullkgk j ajc `ksbrkhd `jccj prftkgoj.

Dggdrrj pjrò gdask`jrfrjgoj gda c‛jsprjsskdaj «fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj¹ ada sk katja`j sdctfatd c‛utkckzzd`jcc‛kaldrnftkgf ajcc‛fttkvktí fnnkakstrftkvf, ka luazkdaj `jccf suf –`jnftjrkfckzzfzkdaj„ ‗ nf fagoj c‛f`dzkdaj `k prkagkpkhkurk`kgk fk qufck c‛fttkvktí `jc pdtjrj jsjgutkvd `jvj fttjajrsk. Wdttd qujstd prdlkcd, ï katjrjssfatj rkcjvfrj gdnj sjgda`dfcguak c‛kaldrnftkgf fbbkf `jtjrnkaftd knpdrtfatk advktí, qufck c‛jvdcuzkdaj `jc prdgj`knjatd fnnkakstrftkvd, ajfrj– `kvjatjrjbbj –f stjccf„, j c‛katrdùzkdaj `jccf –gdaljrjazf `jk sjrvkzk tjcjnftkgf„6: . Ka qujstj flljrnfzkdak sk puògdhckjrj c‛knpckgktf gdavkazkdaj goj cf «fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj¹ skf –fctrd„ rkspjttd f qujccf fafcdhkgf, nf sdprfttuttd skpuò rkcjvfrj c‛katukzkdaj `k uaf strutturf –rjtkgdcfrj„ `jcc‛dr`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd. Ajcc‛kstruttdrkf –stjccftf„ a-ldrnftkgd„ sk gdhckj uaf gdalkhurfzkdaj –rjtkgdcfrj„, gdsã gdnj ajccf nd`fcktí –pfrtjgkpftf„ `k ldrnfzkdaj `jkk-njatk sk può ka`kvkùfrj uaf sdrtf `k –gda`kvkskdaj„ `k rksdrsj fnnkakstrftkvj j hjstkdafck.

Kc prdbcjnf, ka nfssknf skatjsk, ï vjrklkgfrj sj j ka goj tjrnkak c‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj skf –`kvjrsf„ `f quk-zkdafcj, j qufcj aj skf kc skhaklkgftd.

<.- Kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd j cf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf gdnj –prdvj jcjttrdakgoj„

Fcc‛katjrad `jc gdatjstd goj fbbkfnd `jckajftd sk può sdstjajrj goj cf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj, pjr jsjrgktfrj kpdtjrj, ada ï ldraktf sdctfatd `k `dtfzkdak nftjrkfck, `k rksdrsj lkafazkfrkj j `k pjrsdaj, nf fagoj `k strunjatk hkurkcj gdasjatdad `k svdchjrj cf suf fttkvktí ka nd`d –`khktfcj„. Cj `kspdskzkdak goj gdalkhurfad c‛utkckzzd `jcc‛kka qufcgoj nd`d jatrftk f lfr pfrtj `jccf afturf stjssf `jcc‛drhfakzzfzkdaj j `jcc‛fttkvktí svdctf.

Hck strunjatkhkurk`kgk `k guk c‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj sk fvvfcjsdad `ftk `f –`dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd„ j `fccj –lkrnj jcjttrdak-goj„6<.

]rknf `k fpprdlda`krj kc cdrd vfcdrj prdbftdrkd, ï dppdrtuad rkgokfnfrj hck kstktutk `k `krkttd gkvkcj j` kprdvj f guk jssk vjahdad jqukpfrftk.

<.6.- ]rdvf `dgunjatfcj j` kaldrnftkgf5 prdbcjnk jnjrhjatk j sdcuzkdak tjgakgoj

Wk può dssjrvfrj, `dpd qujstf pfadrfnkgf, gdnj ndctk `jk –ljadnjak„ `jcc‛kaldrnftkgf ada trdvfad uaf gdccdgknnj`kftf fcc‛katjrad `jccj gftjhdrkj hkurk`kgoj trf`kzkdafck.

Fcguaj dssjrvfzkdak sdad ajgjssfrkj.(6) ua –lkcj„ può jssjrj gdask`jrftd gdnj ua –`dgunjatd„, pur jssja`d knnftjrkfcj, nf (lkad fc 2==<), gkò pdtj

`krsk `ksgutkbkcj, pjrgoë qujccf –kaldrnftkgf„ ada jrf ajnnjad uaf –r kprdùzkdaj„9(2) ka rjfctí pjr cf afturf –`khktfcj„, ada g‛ï pdsskbkcktí `k `kstkahujrj trf –drkhkafcj„ j –gdpkf„5 k –lkcjs„ sdad

`jk –gcdak„ hck uak `jhck fctrk. (7) ua –lkcj„ ada può jssjrj –sdttdsgrkttd„ j ada può vfcjrj gdnj –sgrktturf prkvftf„, quka`k ada sk può hfr

–pftjraktí„ uakvdgf f` ua sdhhjttd `jtjrnkaftd9

6: HKD\FAAK@ZAK, vdgj Fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, kaJagkgcdpj`kf `jc @krkttd, vdc. K. Faafck, Nkcfad5 Hkullrï 2==8, pp. 67, p. 72.6< FA@RJFHRFUKDWK, vdgj@dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd (`kr. prdg. gkv.), kaJagkgcdpj`kf `jc @krkttd, vdc. Faafck, KK-2, Nkcfad5 Hkullrï 2==?,pp. 0;69 FZRJCKDHJAPKCK, vdgj@dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd (`kr. gkv.), kaJagkgcdpj`kf `jc @krkttd, vdc. Faafck, \, Nkcfad5 Hkullrï 2=62, pp.<2;, p. <2;





1 Kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd j cf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf gdnj –prdvj jcjttrdakgoj„ 1

Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt 6= / :2

prdbcjnf `jccf knputfbkcktí (0) ua –lkcj„ può jssjrj lfgkcnjatj nd`klkgftd suggjsskvfnjatj fccf suf ldrnfzkdaj j quka`k rksuctf kafllk`fbkck-

aj `k rfpprjsjatfrj stfbkcnjatj jcjnjatk `jccf rjfctí. prdbcjnf `jccf hjaukaktí

F qujstk–kagdavjakjatk„ sj aj pdssdad fhhkuahjrjfctrk ùj , goj rkcjvfad pjr qufatd sk `krí ka sjhuktd5(6) cf`ftf ̀ jc `dgunjatd, goj ajcc‛kaldrnftkgf sk può lfgkcnjatj nd`klkgfrj9

(2) cfrksjrvftjzzf `jc gdatjautd `jc `dgunjatd, goj può gkrgdcfrj gda jstrjnf rfpk`ktí, pjr jsjnpkd kaRjtj, j` fc qufcj pdssdad fggj`jrj ua aunjrd ka`jtjrnkaftd `k pjrsdaj.

<.6.6.- Cf grkttdhrflkf gdnj strunjatd tjgakgd

@fc puatd `k vkstf –gdnuakgftkvd„, hck kagdavjakjatk sdprf jvk`jazkftk pdssdad jssjrj jcknkaftk gda `jhckg-gdrhknjatk, goj sdad stftk stu`kftk `f uaf vjrf j prdprkf `ksgkpckaf, cfgrkttdcdhkf, goj stu`kf cfgrkttdhrflkf5 cf sgrktturf `ktjstk kafggjsskbkck f` jstrfajk68.

Rkprja`ja`d cd sgojnf lda`fnjatfcj `jccf –gdnuakgfzkdaj sdgkfcj„, sk può dssjrvfrj goj kc njssfhhkd ‗ dhak njs-sfhhkd, f prjsgka`jrj `fc njzzd ‗ vkjaj nj`kftd `f ua –gd`kgj„ j quka`k `jvj jssjrj –gd`klkgftd„ `fc nkttjatj j –`jgd`k-lkgftd„ `fc `jstkaftfrkd.

C‛udnd of `f sjnprj tjatftd `k katrdùrrj ajk prdgjssk `k –gd`klkgf„ j –`jgd`klkgf„ `jhck fggdrhknjatk fllkagoë ldssjrdhfrfatktk (fagoj j sdprfttuttd f lkak bjcckgk)5

(6) c‛k`jatktí ̀ jc nkttjatj (j c‛jlljttkvf katjazkdaj ̀ k gdnuakgfrj)9 (2) c‛katjhrktí `jc njssfhhkd (`fc puatd `k vkstf –„lkskgd„) d fcnjad cf –rkgdadsgkbkcktí„ `k jvjatufck nd`gdn-

pkutj `f tjrzk9(7) cf rksjrvftjzzf `jc gdatjautd `jc njssfhhkd (cf hfrfazkf `jcc‛jsgcuskvktí `jcc‛fggjssd fc `jstkaftfrkd).

Ï jssjazkfcj gdagjatrfrj c‛fttjazkdaj su ùj fspjttk5 (6) K nd`k ka guk sk può rja`jrj –afsgdstd„ ua njssfhhkd9 (2) gdnj gkò può fvvjakrj fttrfvjrsd c‛kaldrnftkgf.

<.6.6.6.- Gjaak succj tjgakgoj `k grkttdhrflkf

Kc gdagjttd lda`fnjatfcj ka tjnf `k tjgadcdhkf ï goj gdagjttk gdnj –skgurjzzf„ sda rjcftkvk5 kc 68 nfrzd 2=66c‛fchdrktnd `jccf RWF, utkckzzftd gdnuajnjatj pjr cf suf fllk`fbkcktí,ï stftd vkdcftd.

Gkò pdaj `jk prdbcjnk tjgakgk ada ka`klljrjatk.

Wk può sdstjajrj goj cf grkttdhrflkf fvvkjaj jssjazkfcnjatj nj`kfatj cf grjfzkdaj `k –gokfvk„ (`f adtfrj cf njtfldgoj kalcujazfad k prdgjssk `k –gd`klkgfzkdaj„ j –`jgd`klkgfzkdaj„.

Gdagjttufcnjatj sk `kstkahudadùj ldrnj `k grkttdhrflkf6?5(6) F gokfvj sknnjtrkgf . –gd`klkgfzkdaj„ j –`jgd`klkgfzkdaj„ `kpja`dad `fccf nj`jsknf gokfvj. (2) F gokfvj fsknnjtrkgf . Cj gokfvk sdad `kvjrsj, nf gdrrjcftj.

Dggdrrj ka vkf prjcknkafrj gokfrkrj kc gdagjttd `k–gokfvj„ j pdk prdgj`jrj f` uaf brjvj `jsgrkzkdaj `jccj ùj tjgakgoj`k grkttdhrflkf.

68 Njatrj cf –stjhfadhrflkf„ prdprkfnjatj rkhufr`f cf sgrktturf `k tjstk –afsgdstk„5 gkò goj vkjaj dgguctftd fk tjrzk ka qujsgfsd ï kclfttd stjssd `jccf gdnuakgfzkdaj.6? @k sdcktd cf `kstkazkdaj vkjaj jlljttuftf sdcd fc ndnjatd `jccf trfttfzkdaj `jccf tjgadcdhkf grkttdhrflkgf svkcuppftf ajhcktf, nf pfrj dppdrtuad ka qujstf sj`j katrdùrcf f ckvjccd tjdrkgd pjr nfhhkdrj gokfrjzzf.







<.6.6.2.- Kc gdagjttd `k –gokfvj„

]jr –gokfvj„ sk katja`j ua rjquksktd `kspdakbkcj fc sdhhjttd goj cd `jtkjaj ka vkrtû `ktrj tkpk `k cjhfnj 5

(6) sdnjtokah ydu iadw 5 sk pjask f` ua gd`kgj `k fggjssd, gdnj uaf pfsswdr` (goj pjrò può jssjrj `knjatkgftf)9(2) sdnjtokah ydu ofvj 5 pjr jsjnpkd ua dhhjttd (tdija ), gdnj uaf snfrt gfr` (goj tuttfvkf può jssjrj pjrsf)9

(7)

sdnjtokah ydu frj5 sk gdask`jrkad qufcktí katrkasjgfnjatj cjhftj fcc‛ka`kvk`ud, gdnj cj knprdatj `khktfck (goj pj-rò pdssdad jssjrj –r j pckgftj„) Vujstk gdagjttk, f bja vj`jrj, sdad stftk gokfrktk trf hck stu`kdsk ka sjhuktd fcc‛katrd`uzkdaj `jcc‛kaldrnftkgk-cuppd `k skstjnk `k –futjatkgfzkdaj„.

]jr rja`jrj fagdrf pkû rkhk`f cf skgurjzzf `jccf grkttdhrflkf, qujstk skstjnk pdssdad jssjrj gdnbkaftk5 sk pfrcf`kPwd-lfgtdr futojatkgftkda .

]jr jsjnpkd, c‛fggjssd vkf wjb fk gdatk gdrrjatk bfagfrk ï gdasjatktd `fhck kstktutk `k grj`ktd f gda`kzkdaj g`khktftd kc ]KA (sdnjtokah ydu iadw ) j ua gd`kgj hjajrftd futdnftkgfnjatj `f ua fppfrjggokd ldraktd fk gckjatk, ajc quf-cj vk ï ua fchdrktnd goj hjajrf aunjrk ka bfsj f` uaf sjqujazf prj`jlkaktf (sdnjtokah ydu ofvj ).

<.6.6.7.- Grkttdhrflkf f gokfvj –sknnjtrkgf„

Nkttjatj @jstkaftfrkd

Njssfhhkd

Gd`klkgf @jgd`klkgf


Njssfhhkd

Gd`klkgf @jgd`klkgf

Gokfvj







Vujstk sdad k prdbcjnk goj fllckhhdad cf gklrfturf f gokfvj sknnjtrkgf5(6) cf skgurjzzf `jccf gokfvj utkckzzftf, goj può jssjrj gfrpktf `f tjrzk ada futdrkzzftk f` fggj`jrj fc njssfhhkd9(2) cf trfsnksskdaj `jccf gokfvj fc `jstkaftfrkd 9(7) cf gdasjrvfzkdaj `jccf gokfvj `f pfrtj `jc `jstkaftfrkd9(0) kc ada rkpu`kd `jc njssfhhkd `f pfrtj `jc nkttjatj.Kc prdbcjnf ka`kgftd fc aunjrd (2) ï qujccd gfrfttjrkstkgd `jccf gklrfturf f gokfvj sknnjtrkgf.

<.6.6.0.- Grkttdhrflkf f gokfvj –fsknnjtrkgf„

C‛fsknnjtrkf ï `ftf `fccf –sgksskdaj„ `jc prdgjssd `k gd`klkgf `f qujccd `k `jgd`klkgf. Ka fctrk tjrnkak, cf –gokf–s`dppkftf„5uaf gokfvj sjrvj f gd`klkgfrj , c‛fctrf gokfvj sjrvj pjr `jgd`klkg frj.

Wk pdahf goj cf –gokfvj `k gd`klkgf„ rknfahf f` jsgcuskvf `kspdskzkdaj `k ua `jtjrnkaftd sdhhjttd (nkttjatj d `jstk-aftfrkd), `kvjaja`d cf suf –gokfvj prkvftf„, njatrj cf –gokfvj `k `jgd`kl kgf„ skf kavjgj ckbjrfnjatj `kspdakbkcj fk tjrzk, jquka`k `kvjatk uaf –gokfvj pubbckgf„.

Cf grkttdhrflkf f gokfvj fsknnjtrkgf gdasjatj `k svdchjrj fcguaj dpjrfzkdak ka nd`d sjpfrftd5(6) Hfrfazkf `jccf prdvjakjazf `jc njssfhhkd

Kc nkttjatj skhcf kc njssfhhkd utkckzzfa`d cf suf –gokfvj prkvftf„, ka nd`d goj kc sud `jstkaftfrkd (gokuaquj-rklkgfrj cf prdvjakjazf gdalrdatfa`dcf gda cf –gokfvj pubbckgf„. (2) Hfrfazkf `k rksjrvftjzzf `jc njssfhhkdKc nkttjatj gklrf kc njssfhhkd utkckzzfa`d cf –gokfvj pubbckgf„ `jc `jstkaftfrkd, ka nd`d goj qujstk pdssf fgk-ckzzfa`d cf suf –gokfvj prkvftf„. (7) Hfrfazkf `k prdvjakjazf j rksjrvftjzzf `jc njssfhhkdÏ uaf gdnbkafzkdaj `jccj `uj dpjrfzkdak sdprf `jsgrkttj5kc nkttjatj, `k sjhuktd skhcf kc njssfhhkd gda cf suf gokfvj prkvftf j pdk cd gklrf usfa`d cf gokfvj pubbckgf

tfrkd.Cf –gokfvj prkvftf„ j cf –gokfvj pubbckgf„ sdad drkhkaftj `f ua fchdrktnd ka nd`d goj vk skf uaf gdrrkspdau-

akvdgf.Adadstfatj cf gdnuaj drkhkaj, cj gokfvk ada sdad `jrkvfbkck c‛uaf `fcc‛fctrf utkckzzfa`d fchdrktnk kaldrnftkgk.


Njssfhhkd

Gd`klkgf @jgd`klkgf

Gokfvj `k `jgd`klkgfGokfvj `k gd`klkgf







C‛fppdskzkdaj `jccf –gokfvj prkvftf„ f` ua `dgunjatd ‗ cf–sdttdsgrkzkdaj„ ‗ ï `ftf fago‛jssf `f ua fchdrktnd. \kjajhjajrftf uaf knprdatf `khktfcj (luazkdajofso ) `fccf qufcj ada può rkgfvfrsk ‗ gda prdgj`knjatd kavjrsd ‗ kc `dgunjatddrkhkafrkd.

Kc gdalrdatd trf c‛knprdatf `khktfcj j cf –gokfvj pubbckgf„ `jc sdhhjttd gdasjatdad `k vjrklkgfrj5(6) cfprdvjakjazf `jc `dgunjatd -1 vkjaj hfrfatktd kc –ada rkpu`kd„ `jc lfttd `jccf sdttdsgrkzkdaj9 (2) cfhjaukaktí `jc `dgunjatd -1 vkjaj rkvjcftf uaf fctjrfzkdaj fcc‛katjhrktí ̀ jc lkcj.

Cf –gokfvj pubbckgf„ può jssjrj sgfnbkftf trf hck utjatk fagoj fttrfvjrsd gfafck gdask`jrftk –kaskgurk„ gdnj Katjrapuò jssjrj fagoj pubbckgfnjatj rjpjrkbkcj (kalfttk sk stfaad grjfa`d `jk vjrk j prdprk –jcjagok„).

<.6.2.- Jvdcuzkdaj adrnftkvf suc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd j cf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf

Ï utkcj rkpjrgdrrjrj brjvjnjatj cj kaadvfzkdak adrnftkvj goj ofaad gda`dttd fcc‛fttufcj `ksgkpckaf.

- CJHHJ 8 fhdstd 6;;=, a. 206 , Audvj adrnj ka nftjrkf `k prdgj`knjatd fnnkakstrftkvd j `k `krkttd `k fggjssd fk`dgunjatk fnnkakstrftkvk, frt. 22, g. 6 cjtt. `), `jlkakzkdaj `k «`dgunjatd fnnkakstrftkvd¹5 «dhak rfpprjsjatfzkd-aj hrflkgf, ldtdgkajnftdhrflkgf, jcjttrdnfhajtkgf d `k qufcuaquj fctrf spjgkj `jc gdatjautd `k fttk, fagoj katjrakd ada rjcftkvk f` uad spjgklkgd prdgj`knjatd, `jtjautk `f uaf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj j gdagjrajatk fttkvktí `k pubbckgd katjrjssj, ka`kpja`jatjnjatj `fccf afturf pubbckgkstkgf d prkvftkstkgf `jccf cdrd `ksgkpckaf sdstfazkfcj¹

ka rjfctí quk ada sk lf fctrd goj –pdsktkvkzzfrj„ cf adzkdaj `k –`dgunjatd„.

- @. Chs. 62 ljbbrfkd 6;;7, a. 7; , Adrnj ka nftjrkf `k skstjnk kaldrnftkvk futdnftkzzftk `jccj fnnkakstrfzkdpubbckgoj, f adrnf `jcc'frt. 2, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf nn) , `jccf cjhhj 27 dttdbrj 6;;2, a. 026, Frt. 7 «6. Hck fttk fn-nkakstrftkvk f`dttftk `f tuttj cj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak sdad `k adrnf prj`kspdstk trfnktj k skstjnk kaldrnftkvkfutdnftkzzftk. 2. Ajcc'fnbktd `jccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak c'knnksskdaj, cf rkprdùzkdaj su qufcuaquj suppdr-

td j cf trfsnksskdaj `k `ftk, kaldrnfzkdak j `dgunjatk nj`kfatj skstjnk kaldrnftkgk d tjcjnftkgk, adagoë c'jnfaf-zkdaj `k fttk fnnkakstrftkvk fttrfvjrsd k nj`jsknk skstjnk, `jvdad jssjrj fggdnpfhaftj `fcc'ka`kgfzkdaj `jccfldatj j `jc rjspdasfbkcj `jcc'knnksskdaj, rkprdùzkdaj, trfsnksskdaj d jnfafzkdaj. Wj pjr cf vfck`ktí `k tfck dpj-rfzkdak j `jhck fttk jnjssk skf prjvkstf c'fppdskzkdaj `k lkrnf futdhrflf, cf stjssf ï sdstktuktf`fcc'ka`kgfzkdaj fstfnpf , suc `dgunjatd prd`dttd `fc skstjnf futdnftkzzftd, `jc adnkaftkvd `jc sdhhjttd rjspdasfbkcj ¹ 6; .

- Cjhhj 6: nfrzd 6;;8, a. :; @jcjhf fc Hdvjrad pjr kc gdaljrknjatd `k luazkdak j gdnpktk fccj rjhkdak j` jatgfck, pjr cf rkldrnf `jccf ]ubbckgf Fnnkakstrfzkdaj j pjr cf sjnpcklkgfzkdaj fnnkakstrftkvf. (Cjhhj –BFWWFAK-AK„)5 frt. 6: g. 2 «Hck fttk, `ftk j `dgunjatk ldrnftk `fccf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj j `fk prkvftkgda strunjatk kaldrnftkgk d tjcjnftkgk , k gdatrfttk stkpucftk ajccj nj`jsknj ldrnj, adagoë cf cdrd frgokvkfzkdaj j trfsnksskdajgda strunjatk kaldrnftkgk,sdad vfck`k j rkcjvfatk f tuttk hck jlljttk `k cjhhj. K grktjrk j cj nd`fcktí `k fppckgfzkdaj

`jc prjsjatj gdnnf sdad stfbkcktk, pjr cf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj j pjr k prkvftk, gdaspjgklkgk rjhdcfnjatk `fjnfafrj jatrd gjatdttfatf hkdrak `fccf `ftf `k jatrftf ka vkhdrj `jccf prjsjatj cjhhj fk sjask `jcc'frtkgdcd 68,gdnnf 2, `jccf cjhhj 27 fhdstd 6;??, a. 0==. Hck sgojnk `jk rjhdcfnjatk sdad trfsnjssk fccf Gfnjrf `jk `jpu-tftk j fc Wjaftd `jccf Rjpubbckgf pjr c'fgqukskzkdaj `jc pfrjrj `jccj gdnpjtjatk Gdnnksskdak ¹

d @.].R. 6= advjnbrj 6;;8, a. :67 , Rjhdcfnjatd gdatjajatj k grktjrk j cj nd`fcktí `k fppckgfzkdaj`jcc'frtkgdcd 6:, gdnnf 2, `jccf cjhhj 6: nfrzd 6;;8, a. :;, ka nftjrkf `k ldrnfzkdaj, frgokvkfzkdaj jtrfsnksskdaj `k `dgunjatk gda strunjatk kaldrnftkgk j tjcjnftkgk (fbrdhftd `fc @.].R. 00:/2===).

@.].G.N. ? ljbbrfkd 6;;; , Rjhdcj tjgakgoj pjr cf ldrnfzkdaj, cf trfsnksskdaj, cf gdasjrvf-zkdaj, cf ùpckgfzkdaj, cf rkprdùzkdaj j cf vfck`fzkdaj, fagoj tjnpdrfcj, `jk `dgunjatk kanftkgk fk sjask `jcc'frt. 7, gdnnf 6, `jc `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jccf Rjpubbckgf 6= advjnbrj6;;8, a. :67 (fbrdhftd `fc @.].G.N. 67 hjaafkd 2==0).

6; Wk prjvj`j goj kc tjstd `jhck fttk fnnkakstrftkvk vjahf prj`kspdstd (fcnjad) ada –f nfad„. Kadctrj sk rkgokj`j goj sk ka`kgok kc –sdh-hjttd rjspdasfbkcj„ fagoj sj ada ï gdcuk kc qufcj cd sdttdsgrkvj ka nd`d futdhrfld.







d @.].R. 2? `kgjnbrj 2===, a. 00: , Pjstd uakgd `jccj `kspdskzkdak cjhkscftkvj j rjhdcfnjatfrk ka nftjrk`k `dgunjatfzkdaj fnnkakstrftkvf.

- @. Chs. 27 hjaafkd 2==2, a. 6=, Fttufzkdaj `jccf `krjttkvf 6;;;/;7/GJ rjcftkvf f` ua quf`rd gdnuaktfrkd pjr cjlkrnj jcjttrdakgoj (fbrdhftd `fc @. Chs. ?2/2==:)

d @.].R. 8 fprkcj 2==7 a. 678, Rjhdcfnjatd rjgfatj `kspdskzkdak `k gddr`kafnjatd ka nftjrkf `k lkrnj

jcjttrdakgoj f adrnf `jcc'frtkgdcd 67 `jc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 27 hjaafkd 2==2, a. 6=. @.].G.N. 67 hjaafkd 2==0, Rjhdcj tjgakgoj pjr cf ldrnfzkdaj, cf trfsnksskdaj, cf gdasjrvf-zkdaj, cf `upckgfzkdaj, cf rkprd`uzkdaj j cf vfck`fzkdaj, fagoj tjnpdrfcj, `jk `dgunjatk kanftkgk (fbrdhftd `fc @.].G.N. 7= nfrzd 2==;).

- @. Chs. 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2 , Gd`kgj ̀ jcc'fnnkakstrfzkdaj ̀ khktfcj @.].G.N. 7= nfrzd 2==; , Rjhdcj tjgakgoj ka nftjrkf `k hjajrfzkdaj, fppdskzkdaj j vjrklkgf

`jccj lkrnj `khktfck j vfck`fzkdaj tjnpdrfcj `jk `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk.

- @. Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6= a. 27: , Nd`klkgoj j` katjhrfzkdak fc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2, rjgfatjGd`kgj `jcc'fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, f adrnf `jcc'frtkgdcd 77 `jccf cjhhj 6? hkuhad 2==;, a. <;2=.

<.2.- Cf –rfpprjsjatfzkdaj kaldrnftkgf„5 kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd

<.2.6.- @jlkakzkdak

@jadnkafzkdaj @jlkakzkdaj

@dgunjatd Fafcdhkgd cf rfpprjsjatfzkdaj ada kaldrnftkgf `k fttk, lfttk d `ftk hkurk`kgfnjatj rkcjvfatk

(frt. 6 cjtt. p-bks)

Kaldrnftkgdcf rfpprjsjatfzkdaj kaldrnftkgf ̀ k fttk, lfttk d ̀ ftk hkurk`kgfnjatj rkcjvfatk (frt. 6 cjtt. p)

Gdpkf Gdpkf fafcdhkgf (nfagf)

gdpkf kaldrnftkgf `k `dgunjatd fafcdhkgd 5 kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd fvjatj gdatjautd k`jatkgd fqujccd `jc `dgunjatd fafcdhkgd `f guk ï trfttd (frt. 6 cjtt. k-bks)

gdpkf pjr knnfhkaj su suppdrtd kaldrnftkgd `k `dgunjatd fafcdhkgd 5 kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgdfvjatj gdatjautd j ldrnf k`jatkgk f qujcck `jc `dgunjatd fafcdhkgd `f guk ï trfttd (frt. 6 cjtt. k-tjr)

gdpkf kaldrnftkgf `k `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd 5 kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd fvjatj gdatjautd k`jatkgd fqujccd `jc `dgunjatd `f guk j' trfttd su suppdrtd kaldrnftkgd gda `kvjrsf sjqujazf `k vfcdrk bkafrk (cjtt. k-quftjr)

@upckgftd

kaldrnftkgd

kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd dttjautd nj`kfatj cf njndrkzzfzkdaj, succd stjssd `kspdsktkvd d su `kspd`kvjrsk, `jccf nj`jsknf sjqujazf `k vfcdrk bkafrk `jc `dgunjatd drkhkafrkd (frt. 6 cjtt. k-qukaqukjs)

Drkhkafck

ada uakgk

k `dgunjatk pjr k qufck skf pdsskbkcj rksfckrj fc cdrd gdatjautd fttrfvjrsd fctrj sgrktturj d `dgunjskf dbbckhftdrkf cf gdasjrvfzkdaj, fagoj sj ka pdssjssd `k tjrzk (frt. 6 cjtt. v)

2= C. 6? hkuhad 2==;, a. <;, @kspdskzkdak pjr cd svkcuppd jgdadnkgd, cf sjnpcklkgfzkdaj, cf gdnpjtktkvktí adagoë ka nsd gkvkcj.






Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt 6: / :2

<.2.2.- @kspdskzkdak

Frt.2= @dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd6. Kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd `f gokuaquj ldrnftd, cf njndrkzzfzkdaj su suppdrtd kaldr-

nftkgd j cf trfsnksskdaj gda strunjatk tjcjnftkgk gdaldrnk fccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj `k guk fcc' frtk-gdcd 86 sdad vfck`k j rkcjvfatk fhck jlljttk `k cjhhj, fk sjask `jccj `kspdskzkdak `jc prjsjatj gd-`kgj (6).

6-bks. C'k`dajktf' `jc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd f sd``kslfrj kc rjquksktd `jccf ldrnf sgrkttf j kcsud vfcdrj prdbftdrkd sdad ckbjrfnjatj vfcutfbkck ka hku`kzkd, tjautd gdatd `jccj suj gfrfttjrk-stkgoj dhhjttkvj `k qufcktf', skgurjzzf, katjhrktf' j` knnd`klkgfbkcktf', ljrnd rjstfa`d qufatd`kspdstd `fcc'frtkgdcd 26 (2).

Y2. Kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd sdttdsgrkttd gda lkrnf jcjttrdakgf qufcklkgftf d gda lkrnf `khk-tfcj, ldrnftd ajc rkspjttd `jccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj stfbkcktj fk sjask `jcc' frtkgdcd 86 , goj hfrfatk-sgfad c'k`jatklkgfbkcktí `jcc'futdrj, c'katjhrktí j c'knnd`klkgfbkcktí `jc `dgunjatd, sk prjsunj rk-gdaùgkbkcj fc tktdcfrj `jc `kspdsktkvd `k lkrnf fk sjask `jcc' frtkgdcd 26 , gdnnf 2, j sd``kslfgdnuaquj kc rjquksktd `jccf ldrnf sgrkttf, fagoj ajk gfsk prjvkstk, sdttd pjaf `k auccktí, `fcc' fr-tkgdcd 67:=, prknd gdnnf, aunjrk `f 6 f 62 `jc gd`kgj gkvkcj.^ (7)

7. Cj rjhdcj tjgakgoj pjr cf ldrnfzkdaj, pjr cf trfsnksskdaj, cf gdasjrvfzkdaj, cf gdpkf,cf ùpckgfzkdaj, cf rkprdùzkdaj j cf vfck`fzkdaj tjnpdrfcj `jk `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk, adagoj'qujccj ka nftjrkf `k hjajrfzkdaj, fppdskzkdaj j vjrklkgf `k qufcskfsk tkpd `k lkrnf jcjttrdakgffvfazftf, sdad stfbkcktj fk sjask `jcc'frtkgdcd 86.

Cf `ftf j c'drf `k ldrnfzkdaj `jc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd sdad dppdakbkck fk tjrzk sj fppd-stj ka gdaldrnktf' fccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj succf vfck`fzkdaj tjnpdrfcj (0).

0. Gda cj nj`jsknj rjhdcj tjgakgoj sdad `jlkaktj cj nksurj tjgakgoj, drhfakzzftkvj j hj-stkdafck vdctj f hfrfatkrj c'katjhrktí, cf `kspdakbkcktí j cf rksjrvftjzzf `jccj kaldrnfzkdak gdatj-autj ajc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd.

:. Rjstfad ljrnj cj `kspdskzkdak `k cjhhj ka nftjrkf `k prdtjzkdaj `jk `ftk pjrsdafck.:-bks. Hck dbbckhok `k gdasjrvfzkdaj j `k jskbkzkdaj `k `dgunjatk prjvkstk `fccf cjhkscfzkdaj

vkhjatj sk katja`dad sd``kslfttk f tuttk hck jlljttk `k cjhhj f njzzd `k `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk, sjcj prdgjùrj utkckzzftj sdad gdaldrnk fccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj `jttftj fk sjask `jcc'frtkgdcd 86 (:).

(6) Gdnnf nd`klkgftd `fcc'frtkgdcd ? `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:; j `fcc'frtkgdcd 67, gdnnf 6,cjttjrf f), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(2) Gdnnf kakzkfcnjatj kasjrktd `fcc'frtkgdcd ? `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:; j suggjsskvfnjatjsdstktuktd `fcc'frtkgdcd 67, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf b), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(7) Gdnnf kakzkfcnjatj sdstktuktd `fcc'frtkgdcd ? `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:; j suggjsskvfnjatjfbrdhftd `fcc'frtkgdcd 67, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf g), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(0) Gdnnf kakzkfcnjatj nd`klkgftd `fcc'frtkgdcd ? `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:; j suggjsskvf-njatj sdstktuktd `fcc'frtkgdcd 67, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf `), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(:) Gdnnf fhhkuatd `fcc'frtkgdcd 67, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf j), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27: .

Frt.26 @dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd sdttdsgrkttd gda lkrnf jcjttrdakgf (6).6. Kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd, guk ï fppdstf uaf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf, suc pkfad prdbftdrkd ï ck-

bjrfnjatj vfcutfbkcj ka hku`kzkd, tjautd gdatd `jccj suj gfrfttjrkstkgoj dhhjttkvj `k qufcktí ,skgurjzzf, katjhrktí j knnd`klkgfbkcktf (2).

2. Kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd sdttdsgrkttd gda lkrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf, qufcklkgftf d `khk-tfcj, ldrnftd ajc rkspjttd `jccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj `k guk fcc'frtkgdcd 2=, gdnnf 7, goj hfrfatksgf-ad c'k`jatklkgfbkcktf' `jcc'futdrj, c'katjhrktf' j c'knnd`klkgfbkcktf' `jc `dgunjatd, of c'jllkgfgkfprjvkstf `fcc'frtkgdcd 28=2 `jc gd`kgj gkvkcj. C'utkckzzd `jc `kspdsktkvd `k lkrnf sk prjsunj rkgda-ùgkbkcj fc tktdcfrj, sfcvd goj qujstk `kf prdvf gdatrfrkf (7).






Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt 6< / :2

2-bks). Wfcvd qufatd prjvkstd `fcc'frtkgdcd 2:, cj sgrktturj prkvftj `k guk fcc'frtkgdcd 67:=,prknd gdnnf, aunjrk `f 6 f 62, `jc gd`kgj gkvkcj, sj lfttj gda `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd, sdadsdttdsgrkttj, f pjaf `k auccktf', gda lkrnf jcjttrdakgf qufcklkgftf d gda lkrnf `khktfcj (0).

7. C'fppdskzkdaj f` ua `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd `k uaf lkrnf `khktfcj d `k ua fctrd tkpd `klkrnf jcjttrdakgf qufcklkgftf bfsftf su ua gjrtklkgftd jcjttrdakgd rjvdgftd, sgfùtd d sdspjsdjqukvfcj f nfagftf sdttdsgrkzkdaj. Cf rjvdgf d cf sdspjaskdaj, gdnuaquj ndtkvftj, ofaadjlljttd `fc ndnjatd `jccf pubbckgfzkdaj, sfcvd goj kc rjvdgfatj, d gok rkgokj`j cf sdspjaskd-aj, ada `kndstrk goj jssf jrf hkí f gdadsgjazf `k tuttj cj pfrtk katjrjssftj.

0. Cj `kspdskzkdak `jc prjsjatj frtkgdcd sk fppckgfad fagoj sj cf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf ï bfsftfsu ua gjrtklkgftd qufcklkgftd rkcfsgkftd `f ua gjrtklkgftdrj stfbkcktd ka uad Wtftd ada lfgjatj pfr-tj `jcc'Zakdaj jurdpjf, qufa`d rkgdrrj uaf `jccj sjhujatk gda`kzkdak5

f) kc gjrtklkgftdrj pdsskj`j k rjquksktk `k guk fccf `krjttkvf 6;;;/;7/GJ `jc ]frcfnjatd jurd-pjd j `jc Gdaskhckd, `jc 67 `kgjnbrj 6;;;, j` ï fggrj`ktftd ka uad Wtftd njnbrd9

b) kc gjrtklkgftd qufcklkgftd ï hfrfatktd `f ua gjrtklkgftdrj stfbkcktd ajccf Zakdaj jurdpjf, kapdssjssd `jk rjquksktk `k guk fccf nj`jsknf `krjttkvf9

g) kc gjrtklkgftd qufcklkgftd, d kc gjrtklkgftdrj, ï rkgdadsgkutd ka ldrzf `k ua fggdr`d bkcftjrfcjd nuctkcftjrfcj trf c'Zakdaj jurdpjf j ]fjsk tjrzk d drhfakzzfzkdak katjrafzkdafck.

:. Hck dbbckhok lksgfck rjcftkvk fk `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk j` fccf cdrd rkprdùzkdaj su `kvjrsktkpk `k suppdrtd sdad fssdctk sjgda`d cj nd`fcktí `jlkaktj gda uad d pkû `jgrjtk `jc Nkakstrd`jcc'jgdadnkf j `jccj lkafazj, sjatktd kc Nkakstrd `jcjhftd pjr c'kaadvfzkdaj j cj tjgadcdhkj.

(6) Rubrkgf sdstktuktf `fcc'frtkgdcd 60, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf f), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(2) Gdnnf nd`klkgftd `fcc'frtkgdcd ; `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:;.

(7) Gdnnf kakzkfcnjatj nd`klkgftd `fcc'frtkgdcd ; `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:; j suggjsskvf-njatj sdstktuktd `fcc'frtkgdcd 60, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf b), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(0) F adrnf `jcc'frtkgdcd 60, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf b), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:, c'drkhkafcjgdnnf 2 ï stftd sdstktuktd `fhck fttufck gdnnk 2 j 2-bks.

Frt.22 (Gdpkj kaldrnftkgoj `k `dgunjatk fafcdhkgk). (6)6. K `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk gdatjajatk gdpkf `k fttk pubbckgk, sgrktturj prkvftj j `dgunjatk ka

hjajrj, gdnprjsk hck fttk j `dgunjatk fnnkakstrftkvk `k dhak tkpd ldrnftk ka drkhkaj su suppdrtdfafcdhkgd, spj`ktk d rkcfsgkftk `fk `jpdsktfrk pubbckgk futdrkzzftk j `fk pubbckgk ullkgkfck, ofaadpkjaf jllkgfgkf, fk sjask `jhck frtkgdck 2860 j 286: `jc gd`kgj gkvkcj, sj f` jssk j' fppdstf dfssdgkftf, `f pfrtj `k gdcuk goj ck spj`ksgj d rkcfsgkf, uaf lkrnf `khktfcj d fctrf lkrnf jcjttrdak-gf qufcklkgftf. Cf cdrd jskbkzkdaj j prdùzkdaj sdstktuksgj qujccf `jcc'drkhkafcj.

2. Cj gdpkj pjr knnfhkaj su suppdrtd kaldrnftkgd `k `dgunjatk drkhkafck ldrnftk ka drkhkajsu suppdrtd fafcdhkgd ofaad cf stjssf jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf `jhck drkhkafck `f guk sdad jstrfttj,sj cf cdrd gdaldrnktf' j' fttjstftf `f ua adtfkd d `f fctrd pubbckgd ullkgkfcj f gkd' futdrkzzftd,gda `kgokfrfzkdaj fccjhftf fc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd j fssjvjrftf sjgda`d cj rjhdcj tjgakgojstfbkcktj fk sjask `jcc'frtkgdcd 86.

7. Cj gdpkj pjr knnfhkaj su suppdrtd kaldrnftkgd `k `dgunjatk drkhkafck ldrnftk ka drkhkajsu suppdrtd fafcdhkgd ajc rkspjttd `jccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj `k guk fcc'frtkgdcd 86 ofaad cf stjssfjllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf `jhck drkhkafck `f guk sdad trfttj sj cf cdrd gdaldrnktf' fcc'drkhkafcj ada j'jsprjssfnjatj `ksgdadsgkutf.

0. Cj gdpkj ldrnftj fk sjask `jk gdnnk 6, 2 j 7 sdstktuksgdad f` dhak jlljttd `k cjhhj hckdrkhkafck ldrnftk ka drkhkaj su suppdrtd fafcdhkgd, j sdad k`dajj f` fssdcvjrj hck dbbckhok `kgdasjrvfzkdaj prjvkstk `fccf cjhhj, sfcvd qufatd stfbkcktd `fc gdnnf :.







:. Gda `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jc Gdaskhckd `jk Nkakstrk pdssdad jssjrj ka`kvkùftj pfrtk-gdcfrk tkpdcdhkj `k `dgunjatk fafcdhkgk drkhkafck uakgk pjr cj qufck, ka rfhkdaj `k jskhjazj `k af-turf pubbckgkstkgf, pjrnfaj c'dbbckhd `jccf gdasjrvfzkdaj `jcc'drkhkafcj fafcdhkgd dppurj, kagfsd `k gdasjrvfzkdaj sdstktutkvf, cf cdrd gdaldrnktf' fcc'drkhkafcj `jvj jssjrj futjatkgftf `fua adtfkd d `f fctrd pubbckgd ullkgkfcj f gkd' futdrkzzftd gda `kgokfrfzkdaj `f qujstk lkrnftf`khktfcnjatj j` fccjhftf fc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd.

<. Lkad fccf `ftf `k jnfafzkdaj `jc `jgrjtd `k guk fc gdnnf :r pjr tuttk k `dgunjatk faf-cdhkgk drkhkafck uakgk pjrnfaj c'dbbckhd `jccf gdasjrvfzkdaj `jcc'drkhkafcj fafcdhkgd dppurj, kagfsd `k gdasjrvfzkdaj sdstktutkvf, cf cdrd gdaldrnktf' fcc'drkhkafcj `jvj jssjrj futjatkgftf `fua adtfkd d `f fctrd pubbckgd ullkgkfcj f gkd' futdrkzzftd gda `kgokfrfzkdaj `f qujstk lkrnftf`khktfcnjatj j` fccjhftf fc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd.

(6) Frtkgdcd kakzkfcnjatj nd`klkgftd `fcc'frtkgdcd 6= `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:; j suggjsskvf-njatj sdstktuktd `fcc'frtkgdcd 6:, gdnnf 6, `jc @5Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

Frt.27 (Gdpkj fafcdhkgoj `k `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk) (6).6. Cj gdpkj su suppdrtd fafcdhkgd `k `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd, fagoj sdttdsgrkttd gda lkrnf

jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf, qufcklkgftf d `khktfcj, ofaad cf stjssf jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf `jcc'drkhkafcj`f guk sdad trfttj sj cf cdrd gdaldrnktf' fcc'drkhkafcj ka tuttj cj suj gdnpdajatk j' fttjstftf `fua pubbckgd ullkgkfcj f gkd' futdrkzzftd.

2. Cj gdpkj j hck jstrfttk su suppdrtd fafcdhkgd `jc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd, gdaldrnk fccjvkhjatk rjhdcj tjgakgoj, ofaad cf stjssf jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf `jcc'drkhkafcj sj cf cdtd gdaldrnk-tf' ada j' jsprjssfnjatj `ksgdadsgkutf. Rjstf ljrnd, dvj prjvkstd c'dbbckhd `k gdasjrvfzkdaj`jcc'drkhkafcj kaldrnftkgd.

(6) Frtkgdcd kakzkfcnjatj nd`klkgftd `fcc'frtkgdcd 66 `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:; j `fcc'frtkgdcd 6<,gdnnf 62, `jc @.C. 2; advjnbrj 2==?, a. 6?: j suggjsskvfnjatj sdstktuktd `fcc'frtkgdcd 6<, gdnnf 6,`jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

Frt.27 bks (@upckgftk j gdpkj kaldrnftkgoj `k `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk) (6).6. K ùpckgftk kaldrnftkgk ofaad kc nj`jsknd vfcdrj hkurk`kgd, f` dhak jlljttd `k cjhhj, `jc

`dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd `f guk sdad trfttk, sj prd`dttk ka gdaldrnktf' fccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj `k gukfcc'frtkgdcd 86.

2. Cj gdpkj j hck jstrfttk kaldrnftkgk `jc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd, sj prd`dttk ka gdaldrnktf'fccj vkhjatk rjhdcj tjgakgoj `k guk fcc'frtkgdcd 86, ofaad cf stjssf jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf `jcc'drk-hkafcj `f guk sdad trfttj sj cf cdrd gdaldrnktf' fcc'drkhkafcj, ka tuttk cj suj gdnpdajatk, j' fttj-stftf `f ua pubbckgd ullkgkfcj f gkd' futdrkzzftd d sj cf gdaldrnktf' ada j' jsprjssfnjatj `k-sgdadsgkutf.

Rjstf ljrnd, dvj prjvkstd, c'dbbckhd `k gdasjrvfzkdaj `jcc'drkhkafcj kaldrnftkgd.

(6) Frtkgdcd kasjrktd `fcc'frtkgdcd 6<, gdnnf 2, cjttjrf f), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

Frt.27 tjr (@dgunjatk fnnkakstrftkvk kaldrnftkgk) (6).6. Hck fttk ldrnftk `fccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak gda strunjatk kaldrnftkgk, adagoj' k `ftk

j k `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk `jtjautk `fccj stjssj, gdstktuksgdad kaldrnfzkdaj prknfrkf j` drkhk-afcj `f guk j' pdsskbkcj jlljttufrj, su `kvjrsk d k`jatkgk tkpk `k suppdrtd, ùpckgfzkdak j gdpkjpjr hck usk gdasjatktk `fccf cjhhj.

2. K `dgunjatk gdstktujatk fttk fnnkakstrftkvk gda rkcjvfazf katjraf fc prdgj`knjatd fnnk-akstrftkvd sdttdsgrkttk gda lkrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf ofaad c'jllkgfgkf prjvkstf `fcc'frt. 28=2 `jcgd`kgj gkvkcj.






Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt 6? / :2

7. Cj gdpkj su suppdrtd kaldrnftkgd `k `dgunjatk ldrnftk `fccf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdajka drkhkaj su suppdrtd fafcdhkgd dvvjrd `f jssf `jtjautk, ofaad kc nj`jsknd vfcdrj hkurk`k-gd, f` dhak jlljttd `k cjhhj, `jhck drkhkafck `f guk sdad trfttj, sj cf cdrd gdaldrnktf' fcc'drkhkafcjj' fsskgurftf `fc luazkdafrkd f gkd' `jcjhftd ajcc'fnbktd `jcc'dr`kafnjatd prdprkd `jcc'fnnkak-strfzkdaj `k fppfrtjajazf, nj`kfatj c'utkckzzd `jccf lkrnf `khktfcj d `k fctrf lkrnf jcjttrdakgfqufcklkgftf j ajc rkspjttd `jccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj stfbkcktj fk sjask `jcc'frtkgdcd 869 ka tfcj gfsdc'dbbckhd `k gdasjrvfzkdaj `jcc'drkhkafcj `jc `dgunjatd j' sd``kslfttd gda cf gdasjrvfzkdaj

`jccf gdpkf su suppdrtd kaldrnftkgd.0. Cj rjhdcj tjgakgoj ka nftjrkf `k ldrnfzkdaj j gdasjrvfzkdaj `k `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk

`jccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak sdad `jlkaktj gda `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jc Gdaskhckd `jkNkakstrk d `jc Nkakstrd `jcjhftd pjr cf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj j c'kaadvfzkdaj, `k gdagjrtdgda kc Nkakstrd pjr k bjak j cj fttkvktf' gucturfck, adagoj' `'katjsf gda cf Gdaljrjazf uaklkgftf `kguk fcc'frtkgdcd ? `jc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 2? fhdstd 6;;8, a. 2?6, j sjatktk @khkt]F j kc Hfrfatjpjr cf prdtjzkdaj `jk `ftk pjrsdafck.

:. Fc lkaj `k fsskgurfrj cf prdvjakjazf j cf gdaldrnktf' fcc'drkhkafcj, succj gdpkj fafcdhkgoj`k `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk, j' fppdstd f stfnpf, succf bfsj `jk grktjrk `jlkaktk gda ckajj huk`fjnfaftj `f @khkt]F, ua gdatrfssjhad hjajrftd jcjttrdakgfnjatj, ldrnftd ajc rkspjttd `jccjrjhdcj tjgakgoj stfbkcktj fk sjask `jcc'frtkgdcd 86 j tfcj `f gdasjatkrj cf vjrklkgf futdnftkgf`jccf gdaldrnktf' `jc `dgunjatd fafcdhkgd f qujccd kaldrnftkgd.

<. ]jr qufatd ada prjvkstd `fc prjsjatj frtkgdcd sk fppckgfad hck frtkgdck 26, 22 , 27 j 27-bks (2).


(2) ]jr cj nd`klkgoj fc prjsjatj frtkgdcd vj`k c'frtkgdcd ;, gdnnf <, cjttjrf g) `jc @.C. 6? dttdbrj2=62, a. 68;, ada fagdrf gdavjrtktd ka cjhhj.

Frt.27 quftjr (Rkprdùzkdak kaldrnftkgoj) (6).6. Fcc'frtkgdcd 2862 `jc gd`kgj gkvkcj `dpd cj pfrdcj5 "rkprdùzkdak ldtdhrflkgoj" j' kasjrktf

cf sjhujatj5 ", kaldrnftkgoj".


<.7.- C‛knputfzkdaj `jc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd5 cj lkrnj jcjttrdakgoj

]dkgoë ‗ gdnj ï jvk`jatj ‗ ua `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd ka qufatd tfcj ada sk può sdttdsgrkvjrj, pjr rksdcvjrj k prdbnk sdprf fggjaaftk c‛dr`kafnjatd of f`dttftd cj tjgadcdhkj fppjaf njazkdaftj, ka`kvkùfa`d `kvjrsk grktjrk `k knputfzkd-aj, fvjatk ̀ klljrjatj hrf`d ̀ k fllk`fbkcktí.

<.7.6.- ]rdbcjnk `k gddr`kafnjatd trf `krkttd gdnuaktfrkd j `krkttd ktfckfad

Ka vkf prjcknkafrj dggdrrj gdagjatrfrj c‛fttjazkdaj succf `ksgrfskf goj sk può r ksgdatrfrj trf kc `krkttd gdnuaktfrkd j cfadrnftkvf katjraf goj `dvrjbbj gdaldrnfrsk f` jssd.

Cf @krjttkvf 6;;;/;7/GJ `jc 67 `kgjnbrj 6;;; rjcftkvf f` uaquf`rd gdnuaktfrkd pjr cj lkrnj jcjttrdakgoj (HZ C 67`jc 6;.6.2===, pfh. 62) gdsã prjvj`j5

Frtkgdcd 2 @jlkakzkdakFk lkak `jccf prjsjatj `krjttkvf, vfchdad cj sjhujatk `jlkakzkdak56) «lkrnf jcjttrdakgf¹, `ftk ka ldrnf jcjttrdakgf, fccjhftk dppurj gdaajssk trfnktj fssdgkf-

zkdaj cdhkgf f` fctrk `ftk jcjttrdakgk j` utkckzzftf gdnjnjtd`d `k futjatkgfzkdaj 9

2) «lkrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf¹, uaf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf goj sd``kslk k sjhujatk rjquksktk5f) jssjrj gdaajssf ka nfakjrf uakgf fc lkrnftfrkd9b) jssjrj k`dajf f` k`jatklkgfrj kc lkrnftfrkd9






Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt 6; / :2

g) jssjrj grjftf gda njzzk suk qufck kc lkrnftfrkd può gdasjrvfrj kc prdprkd gdatrdccdjsgcuskvd9

`) jssjrj gdccjhftf fk `ftk guk sk rkljrksgj ka nd`d `fgdasjatkrj c'k`jatklkgfzkdaj `k dhaksuggjsskvf nd`klkgf `k `jttk `ftk9

Y…^

Frtkgdcd : Jlljttk hkurk`kgk `jccj lkrnj jcjttrdakgoj6. Hck Wtftk njnbrk prdvvj`dad f goj cj lkrnj jcjttrdakgoj fvfazftj bfsftj su ua gjrtklk-

gftd qufcklkgftd j grjftj nj`kfatj ua `kspdsktkvd pjr cf grjfzkdaj `k uaf lkrnf skgurf5f) pdssjhhfad k rjquksktk cjhfck `k uaf lkrnf ka rjcfzkdaj fk `ftk ka ldrnf jcjttrdakgf gdsã

gdnj uaf lkrnf futdhrflf ck pdsskj`j pjr `ftk gfrtfgjk9 jb) skfad fnnjssj gdnj prdvf ka hku`kzkd.2. Hck Wtftk njnbrk prdvvj`dad fllkagoë uaf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf ada skf gdask`jrftf cjhfc-

njatj kajllkgfgj j kafnnksskbkcj gdnj prdvf ka hku`kzkd uakgfnjatj f gfusf `jc lfttd goj ï5- ka ldrnf jcjttrdakgf, d

- ada bfsftf su ua gjrtklkgftd qufcklkgftd, d- ada bfsftf su ua gjrtklkgftd qufcklkgftd rkcfsgkftd `f ua prjstftdrj `k sjrvkzk `k gjrtklkgf-

zkdaj fggrj`ktftd, dvvjrd- ada grjftf `f ua `kspdsktkvd pjr cf grjfzkdaj `k uaf lkrnf skgurf.

Ka sdstfazf, c‛dr`kafnjatd jurdpjd gdadsgj sdctfatd `uj –lkrnj„5 - cf –lkrnf jcjttrdakgf„ of cd sgdpd `kfutjatkgfrj c‛utjatj ajcc‛fggjssd fccj suj rksdrsj kaldrnftkgoj goj hck sdad `j`k-

gftj9-cf –lkrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf„ of cf luazkdajknputfzkdaj ̀ jcc‛fttd f guk ï fssdgkftf fc sud tktdcfrj. Cf `klljrjazf ï jssjazkfcj5 –futjatkgfzkdaj„ skhaklkgf vjrklkgfrj goj c‛fggjssd f` uaf rksdrsf kaldrnftkgf `f p

ua `jtjrnkaftd utjatj skf gdasjatktd9 –knputfzkdaj„ kavjgj ï kc rfppdrtd trf c‛fttd hkurk`kgd j c‛futdrj goj sj aj fspftjraktí j suc qufcj, `k rjhdcf, rkgf`dad hck jlljttk.

Cf lkrnf sjnpckgj, `k lfttd, pdsskj`j kaljrkdrk rjquksktk `k skgurjzzf, pjr qujstf rfhkdaj ada gdasjatj cf –knpufk lkak `jccf adrnftkvf jurdpjf.

Kc @. Chs. ?2/2==: prjvj`j kavjgj5

Frt. 6 @jlkakzkdakq) lkrnf jcjttrdakgf5 c'kaskjnj `jk `ftk ka ldrnf jcjttrdakgf, fccjhftk dppurj gdaajssk trfnk-

tj fssdgkfzkdaj cdhkgf f` fctrk `ftk jcjttrdakgk, utkckzzftk gdnj njtd`d `k k`jatklkgfzkdaj kaldr-nftkgf9

q-bks) lkrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf5 kaskjnj `k `ftk ka ldrnf jcjttrdakgf fccjhftk dppurj gda-ajssk f ua `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd goj gdasjatdad c'k`jatklkgfzkdaj `jc lkrnftfrkd `jc `dgu-njatd j hfrfatksgdad cf gdaajsskdaj uakvdgf fc lkrnftfrkd, grjftk gda njzzk suk qufck kc lkrnf-tfrkd pud' gdasjrvfrj ua gdatrdccd jsgcuskvd, gdccjhftk fk `ftk fk qufck `jttf lkrnf sk rkljrksgj kand`d `f gdasjatkrj `k rkcjvfrj sj k `ftk stjssk skfad stftk suggjsskvfnjatj nd`klkgftk9

r) lkrnf jcjttrdakgf qufcklkgftf5 ua pfrtkgdcfrj tkpd `k lkrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf goj skfbfsftf su ua gjrtklkgftd qufcklkgftd j rjfckzzftf nj`kfatj ua `kspdsktkvd skgurd pjr cf grjfzkd-aj `jccf lkrnf9

s) lkrnf `khktfcj5 ua pfrtkgdcfrj tkpd `k lkrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf bfsftf su ua gjrtklkgftdqufcklkgftd j su ua skstjnf `k gokfvk grkttdhrflkgoj, uaf pubbckgf j uaf prkvftf, gdrrjcftj trfcdrd, goj gdasjatj fc tktdcfrj trfnktj cf gokfvj prkvftf j fc `jstkaftfrkd trfnktj cf gokfvj pub-bckgf, rkspjttkvfnjatj, `k rja`jrj nfakljstf j `k vjrklkgfrj cf prdvjakjazf j c'katjhrktf' `k ua`dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd d `k ua kaskjnj `k `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk9







Cf pfrtkgdcfrktí `jccj adrnj ktfckfaj jnjrhj sdttd `uj prdlkck5(6) Wk prjvj`dad qufttrd (sjgda`d fcguak trj) tkpk `k –lkrnj jcjttrdakgf„9 (2) Cf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf sjnpckgj ofcf luazkdaj `k –knputfzkdaj„ , gdatrfrkfnjatj f qufatd prjvkstd ka sj`j

jurdpjf, ajccf qufcj ï jvk`jatj cf `kvjrsf luazkdaj `k –futjatkgfzkdaj„, gdnj sdprf spkjhftd. Ajcc‛dr`kafnjatd ktfckfad, gdnj sk vj`rí pdgd sdttd, cf –lkrnf jcjttrdakgf„ ada gdstktuksgj strunjatd `k –futjatkgfzkd-

aj„ nf `k –k`jatklkgfzkdaj„. Kadctrj, cf –ldrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf„ vkjaj `upckgftf ka trj vjrskdak (fvfazftf, q `khktfcj), grjfa`d ada pdgoj `kllkgdctí skstjnftkgoj.

Cf qujstkdaj rkcjvf fk adstrk lkak hkfggoë c‛dr`kafnjatd knpdaj fccf ].F. `k gdaldrnfrsk ada sdctfatd fccf adrnftkvfstftfcj, nf fagoj f qujccf jurdpjf, sjazf gdatfrj goj, gdnj adtd, fagoj cj `kspdskzkdak katjraj `jvdad jssjrj katjr-prjtftj `fk hku`kgk ka luazkdaj `jc `krkttd jurdpjd.

Ka pfrtkgdcfrj sk gdask`jrk cf CJHHJ 8 fhdstd 6;;=, a. 206 (ka Hfzz. Zll., 6? fhdstd, a. 6;2). -Audvj adrnj ka nftj-rkf `k prdgj`knjatd fnnkakstrftkvd j `k `krkttd `k fggjssd fk `dgunjatk fnnkakstrftkvk 5

Frt.6 ]rkagkpk hjajrfck `jcc'fttkvktí fnnkakstrftkvf.6. C'fttkvktí fnnkakstrftkvf pjrsjhuj k lkak `jtjrnkaftk `fccf cjhhj j` ï rjttf `f grktjrk `k

jgdadnkgktí, `k jllkgfgkf, `k knpfrzkfcktí, `k pubbckgktí j `k trfspfrjazf sjgda`d cj nd`fcktíprjvkstj `fccf prjsjatj cjhhj j `fccj fctrj `kspdskzkdak goj `ksgkpckafad skahdck prdgj`knjatk,adagoë `fkprkagkpk `jcc'dr`kafnjatd gdnuaktfrkd .

<.7.2.- @jlkakzkdak prjsjatk ajc G.F.@.

@jadnkafzkdaj Wpjgklkgfzkdaj @jlkakzkdaj

lkrnf jcjttrdakgf «c'kaskjnj `jk `ftk ka ldrnf jcjttrdakgf, fccjhftk dppurj gdaajssk trfnktj fssdgkfzkdaj cdhkgf f` fctrk`ftk jcjttrdakgk, utkckzzftk gdnjnjtd`d ̀ k k`jatklkgfzkdaj kaldrnftkgf ¹ (frt. 6 cjtt. q)9

lkrnf jcjttrdakgf

fvfazftf

(katrd`dttf gda @.Chs. 27:/2=6=)

«kaskjnj `k `ftk ka ldrnf jcjttrdakgf fccjhftk dppurj gdaajssk f ua `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd goj

gdasjatdad c'k`jatklkgfzkdaj `jc lkrnftfrkd `jc `dgunjatd j hfrfatksgdad cf gdaajsskdaj uakvdgf

fc lkrnftfrkd, grjftkgda njzzk suk qufck kc lkrnftfrkd pud' gdasjrvfrj ua gdatrdccd jsgcuskvd ,

gdccjhftk fk `ftk fk qufck `jttf lkrnf sk rkljrksgj ka nd`d `f gdasjatkrj `k rkcjvfrj sj k `ftk stjssk skfad

stftksuggjsskvfnjatj nd`klkgftk ¹ (frt. 6 cjtt. q-bks)9

lkrnf jcjttrdakgf

qufcklkgftf

«ua pfrtkgdcfrj tkpd `k lkrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf goj skf bfsftf su ua gjrtklkgftd qufcklkgftd j

rjfckzzftf nj`kfatj ua `kspdsktkvd skgurd pjr cf grjfzkdaj `jccf lkrnf¹ (frt. 6 cjtt. r)9

lkrnf `khktfcj «ua pfrtkgdcfrj tkpd `k lkrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf bfsftf su ua gjrtklkgftd qufcklkgftd j su uaskstjnf `k gokfvk grkttdhrflkgoj , uaf pubbckgf j uaf prkvftf , gdrrjcftj trf cdrd, goj gdasjatj fc

tktdcfrj trfnktj cf gokfvj prkvftf j fc `jstkaftfrkd trfnktj cf gokfvj pubbckgf, rkspjttkvfnjatj, `k

rja`jrj nfakljstf j `k vjrklkgfrj cf prdvjakjazf j c'katjhrktf' `k ua `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd d `k ua

kaskjnj `k `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk ¹ (frt. 6 cjtt. s)

<.7.7.- @kspdskzkdak

Frt.20 Lkrnf `khktfcj6. Cf lkrnf `khktfcj `jvj rkljrkrsk ka nfakjrf uakvdgf f` ua sdcd sdhhjttd j` fc `dgunjatd

d fcc'kaskjnj `k `dgunjatk guk ï fppdstf d fssdgkftf.







2. C'fppdskzkdaj `k lkrnf `khktfcj katjhrf j sdstktuksgj c'fppdskzkdaj `k skhkcck, puazdak, tkn-brk, gdatrfssjhak j nfrgok `k qufcskfsk hjajrj f` dhak lkaj prjvkstd `fccf adrnftkvf vkhjatj.

7. ]jr cf hjajrfzkdaj `jccf lkrnf `khktfcj `jvj f`dpjrfrsk ua gjrtklkgftd qufcklkgftd goj, fcndnjatd `jccf sdttdsgrkzkdaj, ada rksuctk sgf`utd `k vfck`ktí dvvjrd ada rksuctk rjvdgftd d sd-spjsd.

0. Fttrfvjrsd kc gjrtklkgftd qufcklkgftd sk `jvdad rkcjvfrj, sjgda`d cj rjhdcj tjgakgoj stfbk-

cktj fk sjask `jcc'frtkgdcd 86, cf vfck`ktí `jc gjrtklkgftd stjssd, adagoë hck jcjnjatk k`jatklkgftkvk`jc tktdcfrj j `jc gjrtklkgftdrj j hck jvjatufck cknktk `'usd.

Frt.2: (Lkrnf futjatkgftf) (6).6. Wk of pjr rkgdadsgkutf, fk sjask `jcc'frtkgdcd 28=7 `jc gd`kgj gkvkcj, cf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf d

qufcskfsk fctrd tkpd `k lkrnf fvfazftf futjatkgftf `fc adtfkd d `f fctrd pubbckgd ullkgkfcj f gkd'futdrkzzftd.

2. C'futjatkgfzkdaj `jccf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf, fagoj nj`kfatj c'fgqukskzkdaj `khktfcj `jccfsdttdsgrkzkdaj futdhrflf, d `k qufcskfsk fctrd tkpd `k lkrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf gdaskstj ajcc'ft-tjstfzkdaj, `f pfrtj `jc pubbckgd ullkgkfcj, goj cf lkrnf j' stftf fppdstf ka suf prjsjazf `fc tk-tdcfrj, prjvkd fggjrtfnjatd `jccf suf k`jatktf' pjrsdafcj, `jccf vfck`ktf' `jcc'jvjatufcj gjrtklk-

gftd jcjttrdakgd utkckzzftd j `jc lfttd goj kc `dgunjatd sdttdsgrkttd ada j' ka gdatrfstd gda c'dr-`kafnjatd hkurk`kgd.7. C'fppdskzkdaj `jccf lkrnf `khktfcj `f pfrtj `jc pubbckgd ullkgkfcj of c'jllkgfgkf `k guk

fcc'frtkgdcd 20, gdnnf 2.0. Wj fc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd futjatkgftd `jvj jssjrj fccjhftd fctrd `dgunjatd ldrnf-

td ka drkhkafcj su fctrd tkpd `k suppdrtd, kc pubbckgd ullkgkfcj pud' fccjhfrj gdpkf kaldrnftkgf fu-tjatkgftf `jcc'drkhkafcj, sjgda`d cj `kspdskzkdak `jcc'frtkgdcd 27, gdnnf :.

(6) Frtkgdcd sdstktuktd `fcc'frtkgdcd 68, gdnnf 2, `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

Wuccf gdpkf futjatkgf ka ldrnftd ̀ khktfcj

Cj pfrtk, `dpd fvjr rj`fttd c'fttd `k gjsskdaj `k qudtj `k Wrc (su suppdrtd gfrtfgjd dppurjkaldrnftkgd) sjazf c'fsskstjazf `k fcgua prdljsskdakstf d fvjrcd rj`fttd ka prjsjazf j/d gdac'fkutd `jc adtfkd d `jc gdnnjrgkfckstf, `dvrfaad ka dhak gfsd rkvdchjrsk fc adtfkd pjr c'futjatk-gfzkdaj `jccf lkrnf skf jssf stftf fppdstf su gfrtf d ka ldrnftd `khktfcj, j pdk, dttjautf uafgdpkf futjatkgf ka ldrnftd `khktfcj `fc adtfkd futjatkgfatj, su suppdrtd kaldrnftkgd, pdtrfaadlfr trfsnjttjrj c'fttd ka ldrnftd `khktfcj fc rjhkstrd `jccj knprjsj `fc gdnnjrgkfckstf.

Prkbuafcj \kgjazf 26 fprkcj 2==; ka Huk`f fc `krkttd 2==;, 22, 0; (s.n.) (adtf `k5 Hrk-sk), \ktf adt. 2=6=, 6, K, 2;=

<.0.- Wkatjsk succ‛jqukpfrfzkdaj trf –prdvj jcjttrdakgoj„ j –prdvj fafcdhkgoj„

Ka hjajrfcj5

@jadnkafzkdaj Wpjgklkgfzkdaj \fck`ktí ldrnfcj Jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf

@dgunjatd fafcdhkgd - Wk gdasjrvf cf `jlkakzkdaj trf`kzkdafcj `k –rfpprjsjatfzkdaj„, spjgklkgfa`d f sjgda`f `jcsuppdrtd

-Wk gdask`jrk goj c‛kagksd –hkurk`kgfnjatj rkcjvfatk„ ï `k lfttd prkvd `k sjasd.

kaldrnftkgd Frt. 2=

Ka ckajf `k prkagkpkd5 ckbjrf vfcutfzkdaj `jc hku`kgj, ka`kvk`ufa`d k grktjrk dhhjttkvk `f

f`dttfrj ajc hku`kzkd succ‛jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf5







6.- qufcktí

2.- skgurjzzf

7.- katjhrktí

0.- knnd`klkgfbkcktí.

Wk lf sfcvd c‛frt. 26, rjcftkvd fccj lkrnj jcjttrdakgoj.

Gdpkf Gdpkf fafcdhkgf Frt. 27

C‛jqukpfrfzkdaj trf gdpkf pjr knnfhkaj j `dgunjatd fafcdhkgd drkhkafcj ï gda`kzkdaftf

f5

6.- lkrnf `khktfcj d lkrnf qufcklkgftf

2.- fttjstfzkdaj `k gdaldrnktí `f pfrtj `jc p.u. goj cf rkcfsgkf

7.- nfagftd `ksgdadsgknjatd `jccf gdaldrnktí fcc‛drkhkafcj `f pfrtj `jc sdhhjttd gdatrd

guk ï prd`dttf.

Frt. 27 tjr]jr `dgunjatk fnnkakstrftkvk kaldrnftkgk, fppdskzkdaj f stfnpf `k ua gdatrfssjhad hjajrftdjcjttrdakgfnjatj pjr vjrklkgfrj cf gdaldrnktí

Gdpkf kaldrnftkgf `k

`dgunjatd fafcdhkgd Frt. 22 g. 6

Jllkgfgkf fk sjask `jhck frtt. 2860 j 286: (gdpkf futjatkgf)

C‛jqukpfrfzkdaj trf gdpkf kaldrnftkgf j `dgunjatd fafcdhkgd ï gda`kzkdaftf f fppdskzkdaj`klkrnf `khktfcj d –fctrf lkrnf qufcklkgftf„ `jc pubbckgd ullkgkfcj goj cf rkcfsgkf

Frt. 27 tjr g. 7

Jqukpfrfzkdaj `jcc‛jllkgfgkf fhck drkhkafck sj5

6.-fppdstf lkrnf `khktfcj d –fctrf lkrnf qufcklkgftf„

2.-–fsskgurftf„ gdaldrnktí fcc‛drkhkafcj

gdpkf pjr knnfhkaj su

suppdrtd kaldrnftkgd

`k `dgunjatd

fafcdhkgd

Frt. 22 g. 2 j 7

C‛jqukpfrfzkdaj trf gdpkf pjr knnfhkaj j `dgunjatd fafcdhkgd drkhkafcj ï gda`kzkdaftf

f5

6.- lkrnf `khktfcj d lkrnf qufcklkgftf

2.- fttjstfzkdaj `k gdaldrnktí `f pfrtj `jc p.u. goj cf rkcfsgkf

7.- nfagftd `ksgdadsgknjatd `jccf gdaldrnktí fcc‛drkhkafcj `f pfrtj `jc sdhhjttd gdatrd

guk ï prd`dttf.

gdpkf kaldrnftkgf `k

`dgunjatd

kaldrnftkgd5

frt. 27 bks

C‛jqukpfrfzkdaj trf ùpckgftd j gdpkf kaldrnftkgf `k `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd ï

gda`kzkdaftf f5

6.- gdaldrnktí fccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj

2.- rjquksktd fctjraftkvd5

2.6.- fttjstfzkdaj `k gdaldrnktí `jc p.u. goj rkcfsgkf kc ùpckgftd

2.2.- nfagfazf `k `ksgdadsgknjatd jspckgktd.

@upckgftd ùpckgftd kaldrnftkgd







Drkhkafcj Lkrnf jcjttrdakgf Frt. 26 g. 6

Ka ckajf `k prkagkpkd5 ckbjrf vfcutfzkdaj `jc hku`kgj,

ka`kvk`ufa`d k grktjrk dhhjttkvk `f f`dttfrj ajc hku`kzkd

succ‛jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf5

6.- qufcktí

2.- skgurjzzf

7.- katjhrktí

0.- knnd`klkgfbkcktí.

Lkrnf fvfazftf Frt. 26 g. 2

Jqukpfrfzkdaj fccf sgrktturf prkvftf frt. 28=2 GG, f

gda`kzkdaj goj5

6.- rkspjttd `jccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj

2.- hfrfazkf `k5- k`jatklkgfbkcktí ̀ jcc‛futdrj

- katjhrktí `jc `dgunjatd

- knnd`klkgfbkcktí `jc `dgunjatd

]rjsuazkdaj cjhfcj rjcftkvf `k knputfzkdaj fc tktdcfrj

Frt. 27 tjr g. 2

Jqukpfrfzkdaj pjr `dgunjatd fnnkakstrftkvd fccf sgrktturfprkvftf jx frt. 28=2 ajhck fttk katjrak fc prdgj`knjatd

Lkrnf qufcklkgftf Frt. 26 g. 2 bks

Ajgjssfrkf fk lkak`jcc‛jqukpfrfzkdaj gda cf

ldrnf sgrkttf f` substfatkfn

frt. 67:= GGLkrnf `khktfcj

Lkrnf `khktfcj

futjatkgftf

Frt. 2:

<.:.- Gjaak succf ]dstf Jcjttrdakgf Gjrtklkgftf

Cf pdstf jcjttrdakgf (j-nfkc) of ua usd drnfk qudtk`kfad.Kc sud vfcdrj ï qujccd `k ua –`dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd„ sjnpckgj, gda k prdbcjnk goj gkò gdnpdrtf.

Ï stftd katrd`dttd ua skstjnf goj gdasjatj `k `frj nfhhkdrk hfrfazkj pjr qufatd gdagjraj knputfzkdaj `jc `dgu-njatd, katjhrktí `jc njssfhhkd, `ftfzkdaj `jc‛kavkd j `jccf rkgjzkdaj, skgurjzzf ajccf trfsnksskdaj.Wk trfttf `jccf ]JG d ]dstf Jcjttrdakgf Gjrtklkgftf.







Nfaufcj Cjxtjc, Gd`kgj `dgunjatd5 KGJRP-]JG-ND, pfh. 68

Kc njssfhhkd ]JG, spj`ktd `f ua nkttjatj ]JG j rkgjvutd `f ua `jstkaftfrkd ]JG of kc vfcdrj `k uaf rfggdnfa`ftgda rkgjvutf `k rktdrad.

Wk trfttf `uaquj `k ua fttd sgrkttd gda fttjstfzkdaj `k rkgjvknjatd.

<.:.6.- Cf adrnftkvf succf ]JG

(6) @]R 66 ljbbrfkd 2==:, a. <?, –Rjhdcfnjatd rjgfatj `kspdskzkdak pjr c‛utkckzzd `jccf pdstf jcjttrdakgf f-

tf, f adrnf `jcc‛frtkgdcd 28 `jccf cjhhj 6< hjaafkd 2==7, a. 7.„ (H.Z. 2? fprkcj 2==:, a. ;8). (2) @jgrjtdNkakstjrkfcj 2 advjnbrj 2==:, –Rjhdcj tjgakgoj pjr cf ldrnfzkdaj, cf trfsnksskdaj j cf vfck`fzkdfagoj tjnpdrfcj, `jccf pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf„ (H.Z. `jc 60 advjnbrj 2==:, a. 2<:)

(7) Gkrgdcfrj `k fggrj`ktfnjatd @KHKP]F GR/0; 20 advjnbrj 2==:, –Nd`fcktí pjr cf prjsjatfzkdaj `jccj `dnfa-`j `k ksgrkzkdaj fcc‛jcjagd pubbckgd `jk hjstdrk `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf `k guk fcc‛frtkgdcd 6`jc ]rjsk`jatj `jccf Rjpubbckgf 66 ljbbrfkd 2==: a. <?„ (H.Z. : `kgjnbrj 2==:, a. 2?7)

(0) Gkrgdcfrj `k vkhkcfazf @KHKP]F GR/:6 `jc 8 `kgjnbrj 2==<, –Jspcjtfnjatd `jccf vkhkcfazf j `jc gdatrdccdfttkvktí jsjrgktftj `fhck ksgrkttk ajcc‛jcjagd `jk hjstdrk `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf (]JG) `k guk fc`jc `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jccf Rjpubbckgf 66 ljbbrfkd 2==:, a. <?„ (H.Z. 26 `kgjnbrj 2==<, a.2;<)

(:) @jgrjtd Cjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2 (H.Z. 6< nfhhkd 2==:, a. ;7)(<) @. C. 2; advjnbrj 2==? a. 6?: (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd a. 2<7 fccf Hfzz. Zll., 2; advjnbrj, a. 2?=). - @

gdavjrtktd, gda nd`klkgfzkdak, ka cjhhj 2? hjaafkd 2==;, a. 2. - Nksurj urhjatk pjr kc sdstjhad f lfnkhrd, dggupfzkdaj j knprjsf j pjr rk`ksjhafrj ka luazkdaj fatk-grksk kc quf`rd strftjhkgd afzkdafcj. (@JGFAPKGRKWK)

(8) Gkrgdcfrj @KHKP]F a. :< `jc 26 nfhhkd 2==; (Gkrgdcfrj `k fggrj`ktfnjatd `jk Hjstdrk).(?) @jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jc Gdaskhckd `jk Nkakstrk 7= nfrzd 2==;, Rjhdcj tjgakgoj ka nftjrkf `k hjajrfzk

fppdskzkdaj j vjrklkgf `jccj lkrnj `khktfck j vfck`fzkdaj tjnpdrfcj `jk `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk. (]ubbcHfzzjttf Zllkgkfcj a.62; `jc < hkuhad 2==;)

(;) @]R 66 ljbbrfkd 2==:, a. <?.

Frtkgdcd 6 - Dhhjttd j `jlkakzkdak

h. ]DWPF JCJPPRDAKGF GJRPKLKGFPF, dhak skstjnf `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf ajc qufcj j'ldraktf fc nkttjatj `dgunjatfzkdaj jcjttrdakgf fttjstfatj c'kavkd j cf gdasjhaf `k `dgunjatkkaldrnftkgk9





1 Kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd j cf lkrnf jcjttrdakgfgdnj –prdvj jcjttrdakgoj„ 1


Frtkgdcd 7 - Prfsnksskdaj `jc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd

6. Kc gdnnf 6 `jcc'frtkgdcd 60 `jc `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jccf Rjpubbckgf 2? `kgjnbrj2===, a. 00:, j' sdstktuktd `fc sjhujatj5 «6. Kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd trfsnjssd pjr vkf tjcj-nftkgf sk katja`j spj`ktd `fc nkttjatj sj kavkftd fc prdprkd hjstdrj, j sk katja`j gdasjhaftd fc`jstkaftfrkd sj rjsd `kspdakbkcj fcc'ka`krkzzd jcjttrdakgd `f qujstk `kgokfrftd, ajccf gfsjccf `k

pdstf jcjttrdakgf `jc `jstkaftfrkd njssf f `kspdskzkdaj `fc hjstdrj.¹.

Frtkgdcd 0 - Ztkckzzd `jccf pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf

6. Cf pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf gdasjatj c'kavkd `k njssfhhk cf guk trfsnksskdajj' vfck`f fhck jlljttk `k cjhhj.

2. ]jr k prkvftk goj katja`dad utkckzzfrj kc sjrvkzkd `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf, kcsdcd ka`krkzzd vfck`d, f` dhak jlljttd hkurk`kgd, j' qujccd jsprjssfnjatj `kgokfrftd fklkak `k gkfsgua prdgj`knjatd gda cj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak d `k dhak skahdcd rfp-pdrtd katrfttjautd trf prkvftk d trf qujstk j cj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak. Pfcj `kgokf-

rfzkdaj dbbckhf sdcd kc `kgokfrfatj j pud' jssjrj rjvdgftf ajccf stjssf ldrnf.7. Cf vdcdatf' jsprjssf fk sjask `jc gdnnf 2 ada pud' gdnuaquj `j`ursk `fccfnjrf ka`kgfzkdaj `jcc'ka`krkzzd `k pdstf gjrtklkgftf ajccf gdrrkspda`jazf d ka fctrj gd-nuakgfzkdak d pubbckgfzkdak `jc sdhhjttd.

0. Cj knprjsj, ajk rfppdrtk trf cdrd katjrgdrrjatk, pdssdad `kgokfrfrj cf jspckgktfvdcdatf' `k fggjttfrj c'kavkd `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf nj`kfatj ka`kgfzkdajajcc'fttd `k ksgrkzkdaj fc rjhkstrd `jccj knprjsj. Pfcj `kgokfrfzkdaj dbbckhf sdcd kc `k-gokfrfatj j pud' jssjrj rjvdgftf ajccf stjssf ldrnf

Frtkgdcd 6= - Rkljrknjatd tjnpdrfcj6. Kc rkljrknjatd tjnpdrfcj j cf nfrgf tjnpdrfcj sdad ldrnftk ka gdaldrnktf' f

qufatd prjvkstd `fccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj `k guk fcc'frtkgdcd 68.2. K hjstdrk `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf fppdahdad ua rkljrknjatd tjnpdrfcj su

gkfsgua njssfhhkd j qudtk`kfafnjatj uaf nfrgf tjnpdrfcj suk cdh `jk njssfhhk.

(6=) @jgrjtd Cjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2

Frtkgdcd < - Ztkckzzd `jccf pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf.

6. ]jr cj gdnuakgfzkdak `k guk fcc'frtkgdcd 0?, gdnnf 6, gda k sdhhjttk goj ofaadprjvjatkvfnjatj `kgokfrftd kc prdprkd ka`krkzzd fk sjask `jccf vkhjatj adrnftkvf tjgak-gf, cj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak utkckzzfad cf pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf. Cf `kgokf-rfzkdaj `jcc'ka`krkzzd vkagdcf sdcd kc `kgokfrfatj j rfpprjsjatf jsprjssf fggjttfzkdaj`jcc'kavkd, trfnktj pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf, `f pfrtj `jccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrf-zkdak, `jhck fttk j `jk prdvvj`knjatk goj cd rkhufr`fad.

6-bks. Cf gdasuctfzkdaj `jhck ka`krkzzk `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf, `k guk fhck fr-tkgdck 6<, gdnnf 6=, j 6<-bks, gdnnf :, `jc `jgrjtd-cjhhj 2; advjnbrj 2==?, a.6?:, gdavjrtktd, gda nd`klkgfzkdak, `fccf cjhhj 2? hjaafkd 2==;, a. 2, j c'jstrfzkdaj`k jcjagok `jk su``jttk ka`krkzzk, `f pfrtj `jccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak ï jlljttuftfsuccf bfsj `jccj rjhdcj tjgakgoj jnfaftj `f @khkt]F, sjatktd kc Hfrfatj pjr cf prdtj-zkdaj ̀ jk ̀ ftk pjrsdafck.







2. Cj `kspdskzkdak `k guk fc gdnnf 6 sk fppckgfad fagoj fccj pubbckgoj fnnkak-strfzkdak rjhkdafck j cdgfck sfcvd goj ada skf `kvjrsfnjatj stfbkcktd.

2-bks. Cj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak rjhkdafck j cdgfck ofaad lfgdctí `k fssjhafrjfk gkttf`kak rjsk`jatk gfsjccj `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf fttj fccf trfsnksskdaj `k`dgunjatfzkdaj ullkgkfcj.

Frtkgdcd 0: - \fcdrj hkurk`kgd `jccf trfsnksskdaj

6. K `dgunjatk trfsnjssk `f gokuaquj f` uaf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj gdaqufcskfsk njzzd tjcjnftkgd d kaldrnftkgd, k`dajd f` fggjrtfraj cf ldatj `k prdvj-akjazf, sd``kslfad kc rjquksktd `jccf ldrnf sgrkttf j cf cdrd trfsnksskdaj ada `jvj js-sjrj sjhuktf `f qujccf `jc `dgunjatd drkhkafcj.

2. Kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd trfsnjssd pjr vkf tjcjnftkgf sk katja`j spj`ktd `fcnkttjatj sj kavkftd fc prdprkd hjstdrj, j sk katja`j gdasjhaftd fc `jstkaftfrkd sj rjsd`kspdakbkcj fcc'ka`krkzzd jcjttrdakgd `f qujstk `kgokfrftd, ajccf gfsjccf `k pdstf jcjttrd-

akgf `jc `jstkaftfrkd njssf f `kspdskzkdaj `fc hjstdrj.

Frtkgdcd 0? - ]dstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf

6. Cf trfsnksskdaj tjcjnftkgf `k gdnuakgfzkdak goj ajgjssktfad `k uaf rkgjvutf`k kavkd j `k uaf rkgjvutf `k gdasjhaf fvvkjaj nj`kfatj cf pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgf-tf fk sjask `jc `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jccf Rjpubbckgf 66 ljbbrfkd 2==:, a. <?, dnj`kfatj fctrj sdcuzkdak tjgadcdhkgoj ka`kvkùftj gda `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jcGdaskhckd ̀ jk Nkakstrk, sjatktd @khkt]F.

2. Cf trfsnksskdaj `jc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd pjr vkf tjcjnftkgf, jlljttuftf fk

sjask `jc gdnnf 6, jqukvfcj, sfcvd goj cf cjhhj `kspdahf `kvjrsfnjatj,fccf adtklk-gfzkdaj pjr njzzd `jccf pdstf .7. Cf `ftf j c'drf `k trfsnksskdaj j `k rkgjzkdaj `k ua `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd trf-

snjssd fk sjask `jc gdnnf 6 sdad dppdakbkck fk tjrzk sj gdaldrnk fccj `kspdskzkdak `kguk fc `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jccf Rjpubbckgf 66 ljbbrfkd 2==:, a. <?, j` fccj rjcftk-vj rjhdcj tjgakgoj, dvvjrd gdaldrnk fc `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jc Gdaskhckd `jk Nkak-strk `k guk fc gdnnf 6.

(66) @JGRJPD-CJHHJ 2; advjnbrj 2==? a. 6?:, dbbckhd utkckzzd ]JG pjr sdgkjtí j prdljsskdakstk(62) @.C. 6?:/2==? gdavjrtktd ka cjhhj, gda nd`klkgfzkdak, `fcc'frt. 6, C. 2? hjaafkd 2==; a. 2(67) Gkrgdcfrj 62 sjttjnbrj 2=66 a. 7

(60) @JGRJPD-CJHHJ 6? dttdbrj 2=62, a. 68; Zctjrkdrk nksurj urhjatk pjr cf grjsgktf `jc ]fjsj. (62H=2=6)(HZ a.20: `jc 6;-6=-2=62 - Wuppc. Dr`kafrkd a. 6;0 )–Grjsgktf 2„, jstjaskdaj dbbckhd utkckzzd ]JG pjrknprjsj ka`kvkùfck

Cfsjnpckgj nfkc ada gdstktuksgj `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd sdttdsgrkttd gda lkrnf jcjttrdak-gf , sjppurj cjhhjrf, pdkgoëada susskstj fcgua gdccjhfnjatd cdhkgd trf c'knnksskdaj `kusjrk` j pfsswdr` ajccf lfsj kakzkfcj `k fggjssd fc sjrvjr j hck fctrk `ftk jcjttrdakgk goj gdstk-tuksgdad kc njssfhhkd nfkc. Cf lfttkspjgkj rkjatrf, pkuttdstd, ajccf prjvkskdaj adrnftkvf`jcc'frt. 2862 g.g., goj rjhdcf cj rkprdùzkdak njggfakgoj `k lfttk d gdsj.Wpjttf ka dhak gfsdfc hku`kgj, fk sjask `jhck frt. 2= gdnnf 6 bks j 26 gdnnf 6 `.ch. a. ?2 `jc 2==:, cf vfcutf-zkdaj `jcc'k`dajktí `jc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd f sd``kslfrj kc rjquksktd `jccf ldrnf sgrkttf,tjautd gdatd `jccj gfrfttjrkstkgoj dhhjttkvj `k qufcktí, skgurjzzf, katjhrktí j` knnd`klkgfbkcktí`jc `dgunjatd jcjttrdakgd.







Cf vfcutfzkdaj `jccj nfkcs prd`dttj ka hku`kzkd f suppdrtd `jc `jgrjtd kahkuatkvd dppdstdj tjnpjstkvfnjatj `ksgdadsgkutj j gdatjstftj `fccf gdatrdpfrtj ada può jssjrj goj ajhftk-vf, ada fvja`d kc `kspdsktkvd `k rkgdadsgknjatd trfnktj pfsswdr` pjr c'fggjssd fccf pdstfjcjttrdakgf sjnpckgj dvvjrd ada gjrtklkgftf fcguaf gfrfttjrkstkgf dhhjttkvf `k qufcktí, skgurjz-zf, katjhrktí j knnd`klkgfbkcktí, j ùaquj ada dllrja`d cf ajgjssfrkf hfrfazkf `k fttja`kbkcktí`jc rjcftkvd `dgunjatd. Aj gdasjhuj goj cf prjtjsf grj`ktrkgj ada of ldraktd k`dajf prdvf`jc gdaljrknjatd `jcc'kagfrkgd prdljsskdafcj j `jcc'jskstjazf `jc grj`ktd vfatftd, j pjrtfatd

c'dppdskzkdaj f `jgrjtd kahkuatkvd `jvj jssjrj fggdctf.Prkbuafcj Rdnf 28 nfhhkd 2=6= ka @kr. kaldrnftkgf 2=66, 7, :67 (s.n.) (adtf `k5

BFRBFRD)

Cf `jgkskdaj ï katjrjssfatj, pjrgoë5(6) gdrrjttfnjatj gdalkhurf kc njssfhhkd `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf ‗ kavkftd nj`kfatj grj`jazkfck ‗ gdnj –lkrnf jcjt-

trdakgf„ sjnpckgj(2) kaspkjhfbkcnjatj qufcklkgf c‛jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf fc `dgunjatd –sgrkttd„, jsprjsskdaj goj sdcktfnjat

rksjrvftf fk `dgunjatk fsskstktk `f sdttdsgrkzkdaj futdhrflf j goj quka`k rksuctf knprdprkf ka qujstd g

Ka tjnf `k rkgokjstf `k rkjsfnj, qufa`'fagoj sk rktjahf cf pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftfnjzzd cjhkttknd pjr cf spj`kzkdaj `jccf stjssf ka qufatd jqukpdccjatj fccf cjttjrf rfggdnfa-`ftf, ï gdnuaquj ajgjssfrkd goj cf rkgokjstf skf trfsnjssf,ajk tjrnkak `k cjhhj prjvkstk ,fccf gfagjccjrkf `jc hku`kgj `jc rkjsfnj.

Gfssfzkdaj pjafcj sjz. KK 2; sjttjnbrj 2=66 a. 78=78 Ka Gfss. pja. 2=62, :, 6?=2(s.n.) (adtf `k5 GF]ZPD), @krkttd & Hkustkzkf 2=66, 22 dttdbrj

]dstd gojc'"j-nfkc" ada gjrtklkgftf ï qufcklkgfbkcj gdnj `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd `dtftd`k lkrnf jcjttrdakgf g`. sjnpckgj, cf stjssf, suc pkfad prdbftdrkd, ï ckbjrfnjatj vfcutfbkcj kahku`kzkd, tjautd gdatd `jccj suj gfrfttjrkstkgoj dhhjttkvj `k qufcktí, skgurjzzf, katjhrktí j`knnd`klkgfbkcktí (ajccf spjgkj, c'"j-nfkc" trf`kzkdafcj jrf vdctf f prdvfrj c'fvvjautf tjnpjstkvf`jauagkf `jk vkzk `jccf njrgj fgqukstftf).

Prkbuafcj ]rftd 6: fprkcj 2=66 ka Ldrd kt. 2=66, 66, K, 76;?

Gdnj sk vj`j, rjskstdad fagdrf pdskzkdak nkadrktfrkj, goj utkckzzfad knprdprkfnjatj tjrnkak goj ofaad fssuprjgksd skhaklkgftd.

Cf rkprdùzkdaj `k ua fttd `k hkustklkgfzkdaj `k fssjazf `f cfvdrd kavkftd `fc cfvdrftdrjnj`kfatj tjcjlfx rkjatrf lrf cj rkprdùzkdak njggfakgoj ka`kgftj, gda jcjagfzkdaj ada tfssf-tkvf, `fcc'frt. 2862 g.g., j ldrnf pkjaf prdvf `jk lfttk d `jccj gdsj rfpprjsjatftj sj gdcuk gda-trd kc qufcj ï prd`dttf (`ftdrj `k cfvdrd) ada aj `ksgdadsgj cf gdaldrnktí fk lfttk d fccj gdsjnj`jsknj, gdstktuja`d `jttf nd`fcktí `k trfsnksskdajua skstjnf `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf vdctdf` fggjcjrfrj kc trfsljrknjatd `jccf gdrrkspda`jazf nj`kfatj cf rkprdùzkdaj f `kstfazf - gdac'utkckzzfzkdaj `k rjtk tjcjldakgoj j tjrnkafck lfgsknkcj - `jc gdatjautd `k `dgunjatk.

Prkbuafcj \frjsj 20 hjaafkd 2=62

<.:.2.- Cf vfck`fzkdaj tjnpdrfcj

@jlkakzkdaj `kvfck`fzkdaj tjnpdrfcj 5 «kc rksuctftd `jccf prdgjùrf kaldrnftkgf gda guk sk fttrkbuksgdad, f` uad d pkû`dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk, uaf `ftf j` ua drfrkd dppdakbkck fk tjrzk ¹. (frt. 6 cjtt. bb)

Frt. 2=





1 Gdagcuskdak 1


F tfc lkaj gda @jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jc Gdaskhckd `jk Nkakstrk < nfhhkd 2==;26 ï prjvkstd goj kc prkvftd gkttf`kadpdssf `dtfrsk `k uaf gfsjccf `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf22. Wk trfttf `k ua sjrvkzkd hrftuktd, ldraktd jsgcuskvfnjatj pjrlfvdrkrj kc `kfcdhd gda cf ].F.9 ada luazkdaf quka`k trf prkvftk.

8.- Gdagcuskdak

Ajccf prjsjatj cjzkdaj sk ï pdtutd fppurfrj goj5(6) Cf –sjgda`f gkbjrajtkgf„ sk trf`ugj ka uaf gdagjzkdaj –rjtkgdcfrj„ `jcc‛dr `kafnjatd hkurk`kgd, goj ï `k gfrfttj-

rj ldrnfckstkgd j goj quka`k gdstktuksgj c‛jvdcuzkdaj `jc rfzkdafcksnd9 (2) C‛–fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj„ ada rkhufr`f sdctfatd c‛utkckzzd `k strunjatk kaldrnftkgk fcc‛katjrad `jn-

nkakstrftkvf, nf c‛katrd`uzkdaj `k prkagkpk goj `jrkvfad `fcc‛f`dzkdaj `jc pfrf`khnf tjgadgrftkgd `jccf `jcc‛Kaldrnfzkdaj„9

(7) Kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd ï jqukpfrftd fccf ldrnf sgrkttf f gda`kzkdaj goj f` jssd skf fppdstf uaf lkrnf jtrdakgf fvfazftf, qufcklkgftf d ̀ khktfcj9

(0) Kc njssfhhkd `k pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf ï jqukpfrftd, qufatd f ndnjatd `k kavkd j `k rkgjzkdaj, f` utjrf rfggdnfa`ftf gda rkgjvutf `k rktdrad.

(:) Dggdrrj tjajrj prjsjatj goj, pjr fttrkbukrj fc njssfhhkd ]JG cf vfck`ktí `k uaf sgrktturf prkvftf, ï gdnuaquajgjssfrkf c‛fppdskzkdaj `k uaf lkrnf qufcklkgftf d `khktfcj. Kalfttk, kc njssfhhkd gdstktuksgj ua `dga-ldrnftkgd j sdhhkfgj f tfcj rjhkdaj hkurk`kgd.

26 @jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jc Gdaskhckd `jk Nkakstrk < nfhhkd 2==;, @kspdskzkdak ka nftjrkf `k rkcfsgkd j `k usd `jccf gfsjccf `k pdstf

jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf fssjhaftf fk gkttf`kak , ka H.Z. 2: Nfhhkd 2==; a. 66. kc sjrvkzkd sk gokfnf "Gdnuakgfzkdaj Jcjttrdakgf Gjrtf trf ]ubbckgf Fnnkakstrfzkdaj j Gkttf`kad", fgrdaknd5 GJG-]FG, ottps5//www.pdstfgjrtklkgftf.hdv.kt.22 Cf "Gdnuakgfzkdaj Jcjttrdakgf Gjrtklkgftf trf ]ubbckgf Fnnkakstrfzkdaj j Gkttf`kad" . GJG-]FG ï tjgakgfnjatj c'fgrdottps5//www.pdstfgjrtklkgftf.hdv.kt.





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


?.- Fpprdlda`knjatk

?.6.- Ldatk gdnuaktfrkj ka tjnf `k –fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj„

Wk rkpdrtfad `k sjhuktd hck fttk pkû rkcjvfatk ka tjnf `kjHdvjranjat jnfaftk `fcc‛Zakdaj Jurdpjf5 (6) GDN(2==6) 02? `jc : fhdstd 2==6,Cf hdvjrafagj jurdpjf (Ckbrd bkfagd)5 «K rjspdasfbkck pdcktkgk `k tuttf Ju-rdpf sdad dhhk fccj prjsj gda ua vjrd pfrf`dssd5 `f ua cftd, hck Jurdpjk gokj`dad cdrd `k rksdcvjrj k hrfa`k prdbcjnk `jccf adstrf sdgkjtí, `fcc‛fctrd, qujstk stjssk gkttf`kak autrdad sjnprj nkadr lkùgkf ajccj kstktuzkdak jajccj pdcktkgoj goj qujstj f`dttfad, d lkaksgdad pjr `kskatjrjssfrsjaj¹. Wgdpd `jccfhdvjrafagj ï rflldrzfrjcf lkùgkf ajccj kstktuzkdak jurdpjj j gdcnfrj kc –`jlkgkt ̀ jndgrftkgd„.

(2) 2; advjnbrj 2==6, `kgokfrfzkdaj nkakstjrkfcj `k Bruxjccjs5 c‛j-Hdvjrnjat ï gdask`jrftd uad strunjatd pjrrflldrzfrj cf gdjskdaj kstktuzkdafcj

(7) ? cuhckd 2==7, `kgokfrfzkdaj nkakstjrkfcj `k Gdnd5 sk flljrnf cf ajgjssktí `k gdstktukrj strutturj `k ka`k ̀ ftk trf cj ]ubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak ̀ jhck Wtftk njnbrk.

(0) 2==7 GDN(2==7) :<8 `jc 2< sjttjnbrj 2==7,Kc rudcd `jcc‛jHdvjranjat pjr kc luturd `jcc‛Jurdpf. Wk rkpdrtf cf

`jlkakzkdaj `k j-hdvjranjat 5 «c‛usd `jccj tjgadcdhkj `jcc‛kaldrnfzkdaj j `jccf gdnuakgfzkdaj ajccj ]ubbc k-goj Fnnkakstrfzkdak, gdakuhftd f nd`klkgoj drhfakzzftkvj j fcc‛fgqukskzkdaj `k audvj gdnpjtjazj fc lkaj `knkhckdrfrj k sjrvkzk pubbckgk j k prdgjssk `jndgrftkgk j `k rflldrzfrj kc sdstjhad fccj pdcktkgoj pubbckgoj¹ (pfh.?).

(:) 20 advjnbrj 2==:, `kgokfrfzkdaj nkakstjrkfcj `k Nfagojstjr5 «Nkakstjrs dl JZ Njnbjr Wtftjs, FggjsskdaWtftjs fa` Gfa`k`ftj Gduatrkjs fa` Nkakstjrs dl toj JLPF Gduatrkjs, rjspdaskbcj ldr jHdvjranjat pdckgy,bjckjvj toft toj sdgkjtfc fa` jgdadnkg bjajlkts td bj hfkaj` lrdn njjtkah toj fnbktkdus tfrhjts sjt dut bjcdwfrj gdnpjcckah , fs ks fcsd toj buskajss gfsj wktoka jvjry pubckg f`nkakstrftkda td ja`jfvdur td njjt tojn.Njjtkah tojsj tfrhjts wduc` gdatrkbutj skhaklkgfatcy td toj fgokjvjnjat dl toj sofrj` fnbktkda dl nfikah Ju- rdpj f ndrj fttrfgtkvj pcfgj td ckvj, wdri fa` kavjst ¹. Cd sgdpd `jcc‛j-hdvjranjat ï qujccd `k rflldrzfrjc‛fttrfttkvktí ̀ jcc‛frjf gdnuaktfrkf.

(<) Fagdrf ajc 2==:, sk rjfckzzf kc prdhjttd ajc gdatjstd `jc pkfad `jadnkaftd jPJA, gdagjrajatj kc skstjnf J(Jcjgtrdakg Brdijrfhj ]cftldrn), sdstfazkfcnjatj uaf pkfttfldrnf pjr cf rkgjrgf `k gdccdgfzkdaj cfvdrftkvf

(8) Wjnprj ajc 2==:, vjahdad rjfckzzftk `kvjrsk prdhrfnnk pjr cd svkcuppd `k tjgadcdhkj f suppdrtd `jccjgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak5 K@FBG (Katjrdpjrfbcj @jckvjry dl Jurdpjfa jHdvjranjat Wjrvkgjs td pubckg Ftkdas, Buskajss fa` Gktkzjas).

f. GKRGFb. jCkaig. j]rdgurjnjat`. jWjrvkgjs Pddciktj. K]Nl. Nfgokaj Prfascftkdah. ]IKo. PJWPFk. [dur Jurdpj

(?) 2==< GDN (2==<) 687 `jc 2: fprkcj 2==<, k2=6= jHdvjranjat Fgtkda ]cfa5 Fggjcjrftkah jHdvjranjat ka Ju-rdpj ldr toj Bjajlkt dl Fcc 5 c‛j-Hdvjranjat `kvjatf lfttdrj `k kagcuskdaj sdgkfcj, pjr gdatrfstfrj kc`khktfc `kvk`j.

(;) Fagdrf ajc 2==<vjahdad rjfckzzftj `kvjrsj kakzkftkvj goj ofaad kalcujazf succd svkcuppd `jcc‛j-hdvjranjatf. j]frtkgkpftkda,b. @JGKWKDA Ad 6<7;/2==</JG jstfbcksokah f Gdnpjtktkvjajss fa` Kaadvftkda Lrfnjwdri ]rdh

(2==8 td 2=67), Wjttknd prdhrfnnf quf`rdg. Kc prdhjttd KGP ]W], fc guk katjrad sk svkcuppfad ùj lkcdak `k rkgjrgf5

k. jK@, gdagjrajatj cf hjstkdaj jcjttrdakgf `jcc‛k`jatktí kk. Fggjsskbcj fa` Kagcuskvj jHdvjranjat





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


(6=) 6; sjttjnbrj 2==8, `kgokfrfzkdaj nkakstjrkfcj `k Cksbdaf, ka guk sk sdttdckajf c‛knpdrtfazf fgquksk-hdvjranjat j sk prdnudvj cf `klluskdaj `k –budaj prftkgoj„

(66) 6? advjnbrj 2==; @kgokfrfzkdaj `k Nfcnü succ‛J-Hdvjranjat5 c‛dbkjttkvd prdpdstd ï cd svkcuppd `kua‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj pubbckgf «ndrj dpja, lcjxkbcj fa` gdccfbdrftkvj¹

(62) GDN(2=6=) 808 `jc 60 `kgjnbrj 2=6=,Cjss burjfugrfgy ldr gktkzjas5 prdndtkah lrjj ndvjnjat dl pubckg`dgunjats fa` rjgdhaktkda dl toj jlljgts dl gkvkc stftus rjgdr`s (Ckbrd vjr`j).Wk prdnudvj c‛jcknkafzkdaj `k

bfrrkjrj burdgrftkgoj fccf gkrgdcfzkdaj `jccj pjrsdaj fcc‛katjrad `jcc‛Zakdaj Jurdpjf.(67) 60 `kgjnbrj 2=6=, RF]]DRPD `jccf RFA@ Gdrpdrftkda «Wtu`y da –jHdvjranjat sgjafrkds ldr 2=2= fa` (60) toj prjpfrftkda dl toj 2=6: Fgtkda ]cfa ¹(6:) GDN(2=6=) 807 `jc 6: `kgjnbrj 2=6=,Poj Jurdpjfa jHdvjranjat Fgtkda ]cfa 2=66-2=6:. Ofrajsskah KGP

td prdndtj snfrt, sustfkafbcj & kaadvftkvj Hdvjranjat. Wk pdahdad trj dbkjttkvk `f rfhhkuahjrj jatrd kc 2=6:gda uaf fhja`f ndctd sgf`jazftf5 (6)kagrjnjatd `jcc‛drhfakzzfzkdaj9 (2) rkùzkdaj `jccj bfrrkjrj fnnkak-strftkvj9 (7) prjvkskdaj `k prdgjùrj f bfssd knpfttd fnbkjatfcj.

«Ajcc'fnbktd `jcc'knpjhad `jccf Gdnnksskdaj pjr prdnudvjrj ua'jgdadnkf katjcckhjatj, sdstjakbkcj j kagcuskvf pjr c'Z-akdaj jurdpjf gdnj `jckajftd ajccf Wtrftjhkf Jurdpf 2=2=62, qujstd pkfad `'fzkdaj gdatrkbuksgj f gdasjhukrj ùjdbkjttkvk lda`fnjatfck `jcc'Fhja`f `khktfcj jurdpjf , ajccf lfttkspjgkj5- jatrd kc 2=6: sfrí `kspdakbkcj ka ckajf ua gjrtd aunjrd `ksjrvkzk pubbckgk trfaslrdatfckjrk lda`fnjatfck goj gdasjatk-rfaad fhck knprja`ktdrk `k stfbkckrsk j hjstkrj ua'knprjsf dvuaquj ka Jurdpf, ka`kpja`jatjnjatj `fc cudhd `k drkhkaj, j fkgkttf`kak `k stu`kfrj, cfvdrfrj, stfbkckrsk j fa`frj ka pjaskdaj dvuaquj ajcc'Zakdaj jurdpjf9- jatrd kc 2=6: kc :=% `jk gkttf`kak jurdpjk sk sfrí fvvfcsd `jk sjrvkzk `k jHdvjranjat.]dkgoë tfck sjrvkzk sdad lda`fnjatfck fagoj pjr cj knprjsj, kc pkfad `'fzkdaj ka qujstkdaj nkrf kadctrj f lfrj sã goj jatrdkc 2=6:c'?=% `jccj knprjsj fbbkf usftd k sjrvkzk `k fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj¹.

Rkljrknjatk uctjrkdrk5 ottp5//jprfgtkgj.ju

?.2.- Ldatk adrnftkvj katjraj ka tjnf `k –fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj„

Wk rkpdrtf `k sjhuktd cf grdadcdhkf `jccj `kspdskzkdak goj ofaad kalcuktd `krjttfnjatj d ka`ksucc‛kaldrnftkzzfzkdaj `jccf ]ubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj, d njhckd, succf ldrnfzkdaj `jc pfrf`khnf `jcc‛ –fnnkakstrfzkdaj`khktfcj„.

Gda spjgklkgd rkljrknjatd fcc‛katrdùzkdaj `jccj tjgadcdhkj kaldrnftkgoj ajcc‛fzkdaj fnnkakstrftkvf sk sjhaf (6) 6;?7, kstktuzkdaj `jc@kpfrtknjatd pjr cf luazkdaj pubbckgf (2) @]GN 2= advjnbrj 6;?0, kstktuzkdaj `jccf Gdnnksskdaj pjr kc gddr`kafnjatd adrnftkvd j luazkdafcj

`jcc‛kaldrnftkgf ajccf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj prjssd kc @kpfrtknjatd `jccf Luazkdaj pubbckgf(7) @]GN 6: ljbbrfkd 6;?;, goj prjvj`j cf ajgjssktí `k gddr`kafnjatd ajcc‛f`dzkdaj `jccj tjgadcdhkj kaldrnftkgoj(0) Gkrgdcfrj –Hfspfrk„ `jc 0 fhdstd 6;?; a. 7<;2?, ka guk sk prjsgrkvdad ajc `jttfhckd cj nd`fcktí `k katrdù

prdhjttk `k futdnfzkdaj.

(:)

@. CHs.62 ljbbrfkd 6;;7, a. 6;<, –Adrnj ka nftjrkf `k skstjnk kaldrnftkvk futdnftkzzftk `jccj fnnkakstr fzkdakpubbckgoj„, kstktuzkdaj ̀ jcc‛FK]F Futdrktí pjr c‛Kaldrnftkgf ajccf ]ubbckgf Fnnkakstrfzkdaj (<) @jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jccf Rjpubbckgf 2= fprkcj 6;;0, a. 7<8 (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd fccf Hfzz. Zll., 67 hk

67<). - Rjhdcfnjatd rjgfatj sjnpcklkgfzkdaj j fggjcjrfzkdaj `jccj prdgjùrj `k spjsf j gdatfbkck, prjvkskdaj nfa`ftd jcjttrdakgd `k pfhfnjatd

(8) @krjttkvf : sjttjnbrj 6;;: `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jc Gdaskhckd `jk Nkakstrk -–]rkagkpk j nd`fcktí pjr cf rjfckzzfzkdaj `jc-cf Rjtj uaktfrkf `jccf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj.„ H.Z. 26 advjnbrj 6;;:, a. 282,kstktuzkdaj `jccf RZ]F

(?) Cjhhj 76 `kgjnbrj 6;;<, a. <8: (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd fccf Hfzz. Zll., ? hjaafkd, a. :). - Putjcf `jccj pjrsdaj fctrk sdhhjttk rkspjttd fctrfttfnjatd `jk `ftk pjrsdafck .

(;) @jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jccf Rjpubbckgf 2= dttdbrj 6;;?, a. 02? (ka Hfzz. Zll., 60 `kgjnbrj, a. 2;6). - Rjhdcnjatd rjgfatj adrnj pjr cfhjstkdaj `jc prdtdgdccd kaldrnftkgd `f pfrtj `jccj fnnkakstrfzkdak pubbckgoj.

(6=) @.].R. 2? `kgjnbrj 2===, a. 00: (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd fccf Hfzz. Zll., 2= ljbbrfkd, a. 02). - Pjstd uakgd `jccj`kspdskzkdak cjhkscftkvj j rjhdcfnjatfrk ka nftjrkf `k `dgunjatfzkdaj fnnkakstrftkvf).


http://epractice.eu/







1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


(66) @.].R. 0 fprkcj 2==2, a. 6=6 (ka Hfzz. Zll., 7= nfhhkd, a. 62:). - Rjhdcfnjatd rjgfatj grktjrk j nd`fcktí pjspcjtfnjatd `f pfrtj `jccj fnnkakstrfzkdak pubbckgoj `k prdgjùrj tjcjnftkgoj `k fgqukstd pjr c'fpprdvvkhnjatd `k bjak j sjrvkzkj-]rdgurjnjat (fbrdhftd `fcc'frtkgdcd 7:?, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf h), `jc @.].R. : dttdbrj2=6=, a. 2=8.Rjhdcfnjatd `k jsjguzkdaj j` fttufzkdaj `jc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 62 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6<7, rjgfatj«Gd`kgj `jk gdatrfttk pubbckgk rjcftkvk f cfvdrk, sjrvkzk j ldrakturj ka fttufzkdaj `jccj `krjttkvj 2==0/68/GJ j2==0/6?/GJ¹)

(62) @. Chs. 7= hkuhad 2==7, a.6;< (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd a. 627 fccf Hfzz. Zll., 2; cuhckd, a. 680). - Gd`kgprdtjzkdaj `jk `ftk pjrsdafck. Kstktuzkdaj `jcGAK]F (Gjatrd Afzkdafcj pjr c‛Kaldrnftkgf ajccf ]ubbckgf Fnnkak-strfzkdaj), goj sdstktuksgj c‛FK]F

(67) @jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 2? ljbbrfkd 2==:, a. 02 ‗ –Kstktuzkdaj `jc skstjnf pubbckgd `k gdaajttkvktí j `jccf rjtj katjraf-zkdafcj `jccf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj, f adrnf `jcc‛frtkgdcd 6=, `jccf cjhhj 2; cuhckd 2==7, a. 22;.„, pajccf H. Z. `jc 7= nfrzd 2==:, sjrkj hjajrfcj, a. 87. (Fbrdhftd `fc Gd`kgj `jcc‛Fnnkakstrfzkdaj @khktfcj, `dpdpdgd pkû `k ua njsj), kstktuzkdaj `jcW]G

(60) @jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2, gfpd \KKK -–Gd`kgj `jcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj.„ H.Z. 6< nf h-hkd 2==:, a. 662 - Wuppcjnjatd Dr`kafrkd a. ;7

(6:) @]GN 6 fprkcj 2==?Rjhdcj tjgakgoj j `k skgurjzzf pjr kc luazkdafnjatd `jc Wkstjnf pubbckgd `k gdaajttkvkprjvkstj `fcc‛frtkgdcd 86, gdnnf 6-bks `jc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2, rjgfatj kc «Gd`kgj`jcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj¹. H.Z. 26 hkuhad 2==?, a. 600.

(6<) @. Chs. 28 dttdbrj 2==; a. 6:= (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd a. 6;8 fccf Hfzz. Zll., 76 dttdbrj, a. 2:0). - Fttufzkcjhhj 0 nfrzd 2==;, a. 6:, ka nftjrkf `k dttknkzzfzkdaj `jccf prdùttkvktf' `jc cfvdrd pubbckgd j `k jllkgkjaspfrjazf `jccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak (6).

(68) @jgrjtd Cjhkscftkvd 6 `kgjnbrj 2==;, a. 688, "Rkdrhfakzzfzkdaj `jc Gjatrd afzkdafcj pjr c‛kaldrnftkgf ajb-bckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj, f adrnf `jcc‛frtkgdcd 20 `jccf cjhhj ? hkuhad 2==;, a. <;",H. Z. 2;= `jc 60 @kgjnbrj2==;, Kstktuzkdaj `k@KHKP-]F, goj sdstktuksgj kc GAK]F

(6?) @.].R. 2? dttdbrj 2=6=, a. 278 (ka Hfzz. Zll., 62 hjaafkd 2=66, a. ?). - Rjhdcfnjatd rjgfatj rkdr`kad`jcc'Fhja-zkf pjr cf `klluskdaj `jccj tjgadcdhkj pjr c'kaadvfzkdaj , f adrnf `jcc'frtkgdcd 2<, gdnnf 6, `jc `jgrjtd-cjhhj2: hkuhad 2==?, a. 662, gdavjrtktd, gda nd`klkgfzkdaj, `fccf cjhhj < fhdstd 2==?, a. 677.

(6;) @. Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6= a.27: (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd a. ? fccf Hfzz. Zll., 6= hjaafkd 2=66, a. <). - Ndkatjhrfzkdak fc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2, rjgfatj Gd`kgj `jcc'fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, f `jcc'frtkgdcd 77 `jccf cjhhj 6? hkuhad 2==;, a. <;,g.`. –Rkldrnf `jc Gd`kgj `jcc‛Fnnkakstrfzkdaj @khktfcj„ ,gda cf qufcj sk katrdùgj cf –lkrnf jcjttrdakgf fvfazftf„, gdnj ldrnf katjrnj`kf trf cf lkrnf qufcklkgftf j qujccf`khktfcj.

(2=) @.C. 67 nfhhkd 2=66, a. 8= (ka Hfzz. Zll., 67 nfhhkd 2=66, a. 66=). - @jgrjtd gdavjrtktd, gda nd`klkgcjhhj 62 cuhckd 2=66, a. 6=<. - Wjnjstrj Jurdpjd - ]rknj `kspdskzkdak urhjatk pjr c'jgdadnkf (6).–@jgrjtd Wvk-cuppd„, rjcftkvd fc nda`d `jcc‛kstruzkdaj.

(26) @]GN 6½ nfrzd 2=66, rkdr`kad ]rjsk`jazf `jc Gdaskhckd `jk Nkakstrk, sgksskdaj `jc @kpfrtknjatd pjr fnnkakstrfzkdaj j c‛kaadvfzkdaj tjgadcdhkgf ka5 @kpfrtknjatd pjr cf `khktfckzzfzkdaj `jccf ]ubbckgf Fnnkakstrf-zkdaj j @kpfrtknjatd pjr cf luazkdaj pubbckgf.

(22) @]GN 67 cuhckd 2=66, rkdrhfakzzfzkdaj `jc @kpfrtknjatd pjr cf `khktfckzzfzkdaj `jccf ]ubbckgf Fnnka

(27) @.C. 67 fhdstd 2=66 a.67? (ka Hfzz. Zll., 67 fhdstd, a. 6??). - @jgrjtd gdavjrtktd, gda nd`klkgfzkdak, ksjttjnbrj 2=66 a. 60?. - Zctjrkdrk nksurj urhjatk pjr cf stfbkckzzfzkdaj lkafazkfrkf j pjr cd svkcuppd (NBKW)275 kavkd tjcjnftkgd `jk `ftk rjcftkvk fccj prjsjazj fcbjrhokjrj, sjnpcklkgfzkdaj tjautf rjhkstrd `jk cfvdr

(20) @.C. < `kgjnbrj 2=66, a. 2=6 (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd a. 2:6 fccf Hfzz. Zll., < `kgjnbrj, a. 2?0). - @jgrjtd td, gda nd`klkgfzkdak, ka cjhhj 22 `kgjnbrj 2=66, a. 260. - @kspdskzkdak urhjatk pjr cf grjsgktf, c'jquktck`fnjatd `jk gdatk pubbckgk. (WFC\F-KPFCKF)

27 Frt. 7, gdnnf 6. «YKa fttjsf `jccf rjvkskdaj `jcc'frtkgdcd 06 `jccf Gdstktuzkdaj,^ Gdnuak, ]rdvkagj, Rjhkdak j Wtftd, jatjnbrj 2=62, f`jhufad k rkspjttkvk dr`kafnjatk fc prkagkpkd sjgda`d gukc'kakzkftkvf j c'fttkvktf' jgdadnkgf prkvftf sdad ckbjrj j`j' pjrnjssd tuttd gkd' goj ada j' jsprjssfnjatj vkjtftd `fccf cjhhj ajk sdck gfsk `k 5 f) vkagdck `jrkvfatk `fcc'dr`kafnjatd gd-nuaktfrkd j `fhck dbbckhok katjrafzkdafck9 b) gdatrfstd gda k prkagkpk lda`fnjatfck `jccf Gdstktuzkdaj9 g) `faad fccf bjrtf', fccf `khaktf' unfaf j gdatrfstd gda c'utkcktf' sdgkfcj9 `) `kspdskzkdak ka`kspjasfbkck pjr cf prdtjzkdaj `jccf sfcutj usjrvfzkdaj `jccj spjgkj faknfck j vjhjtfck, `jcc'fnbkjatj, `jc pfjsfhhkd j `jc pftrkndakd gucturfcj9 j) `kspdskzkdak rjcftkvj ftf' `k rfggdctf `k hkdgok pubbckgk dvvjrd goj gdnuaquj gdnpdrtfad jlljttk succf lkafazf pubbckgf¹.





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


(2:) @.C. ; ljbbrfkd 2=62, a. : (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd a. 2< fccf Hfzz. Zll., ; ljbbrfkd 2=62, a. 77). - @jgrjtd gda nd`klkgfzkdak, ka cjhhj 0 fprkcj 2=62, a. 7:. - @kspdskzkdak urhjatk ka nftjrkf `k sjnpcklkgfzkdaj (WJN]CKLKGFUKDAJ 2=62)5 ka f`jnpknjatd fcc‛dbkjttkvd `jccf kaldrnftkzzfzkdaj `jcc‛katjrd dr`kafnjatd ‗ `j-adnkaftd –Fhja`f @khktfcj Ktfckfaf„ ‗ `fc 6½ hjaafkd 2=60 cf ]F ï gokfnftf f `kfcdhfrj gda cf sdgkjtíjsgcusk-vfnjatj fttrfvjrsd gfafck tjcjnftkgk, gda `khktfckzzfzkdaj `jccj prdgj`urj (js5 ksgrkzkdaj uakvjrsktí, pfzkdaj gdagdrsk pubbckgk)20, gda fggdrpfnjatd `jccj luazkdak KGP pjr k Gdnuak kaljrkdrk fk :.=== fbktfatk

?.7.- K prkagkpk `jcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj

Fcguak rkcjvfad goj c‛kaadvfzkdaj tjgadcdhkgf ‗ j cf cjhkscfzkdaj gdasjhujatj ‗ of nd`klkgftd cf ]ubbckgf Fnnkak-strfzkdaj f tfc puatd `f gdaljrkrcj uaf –audvf ldrnf„2: , supjrfa`d ka tfc nd`d cf trf`kzkdafcj knpdstfzkdaj futdrktftkvfgoj `kpja`j `fcc‛flljrnfzkdaj `jccd Wtftd nd`jrad. Ka qujstdsjasd, sk rktkjaj goj vk skf uaf « prjsuazkdaj `k gdstktuzkd-afcktí/cjhkttknktí¹ ajccj kakzkftkvj tjsj f rjfckzzfrj c‛Fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, ka qufatdjsprjsskdaj `k ckbjrtí `jc gkttf-`kad2<.

Ka ua gjrtd sjasd gkò ï vjrd, ada tfatd j ada sdcd sdttd kc prdlkcdprfhnftkgd , qufatd sdttd qujccdk`jdcdhkgd. Adavfcj tfatd gdask`jrfrj cf –gdnd`ktí„ goj dhak gkttf`kad rkgjvj `fcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, qufatd gdnprja`jrjj-

suppdstk ̀ f guk ̀ jrkvfad tfck kakzkftkvj.?.7.6.- K prkagkpk gdstktuzkdafck `jccf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj

Wk pdssdad ka qujstf sj`j rkpdrtfrj k prkagkpk goj kspkrfad c‛fttkvktí fnnkakstrftkvf5 - frt. :

k. `jgjatrfnjatdkk. futdadnkj cdgfck

- frt. ;8k. Cjhfcktí `jcc‛fzkdaj fnnkakstrftkvf kk. Buda fa`fnjatd

kkk. Knpfrzkfcktíkv. (Cj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak, ka gdjrjazf gda c'dr`kafnjatd `jcc'Zakdaj jurdpjf, fsskgurf

c'jqukckbrkd `jk bkcfagk j cf sdstjakbkcktí `jc `jbktd pubbckgd")28 - Frt. 66?

k. Wussk`kfrkjtí (vjrtkgfcj)kstktuzkdak -1 kstktuzkdak kk. f`jhuftjzzfkkk. `klljrjazkfzkdajkv. sussk`kfrkjtí (drkzzdatfcj)dr`kafnjatd pubbckgd -1 sdgkjtí

?.7.2.- K prkagkpk prdprk `jcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj

20 Frtkgdcd 08quftjr (Ka`kgj `jhck ka`krkzzk `jccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak). 6. Kc gdnnf 7 `jcc'frtkgdcd :8-bks `jc gd`kgstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, `k guk fc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a.?2, j' sdstktuktd `fc sjhujatj5 "7. Cj fnnkakstrfzkdak fhhka`krkzzk j k gdatjautk `jcc'ka`kgj tjnpjstkvfnjatj j gdnuaquj gda gf`jazf fcnjad sjnjstrfcj sjgda`d cj ka`kgfzkdak `k @khknfagftf gdnuakgfzkdaj `jhck jcjnjatk ajgjssfrk fc gdnpcjtfnjatd `jcc'ka`kgj j `jc cdrd fhhkdrafnjatd j' vfcutftf fk lkak `jccspdasfbkcktf' `krkhjazkfcj j `jcc'fttrkbuzkdaj `jccf rjtrkbuzkdaj `k rksuctftd fk `krkhjatk rjspdasfbkck".

2: Gdsã ]FWVZFCJGDWPFAUD, Audvj tjgadcdhkj j –ldrnf„ `jcc‛fnnk akstrfzkdaj (prjsjatfzkdaj `k uaf rkgjrgf), K trj gd`kgk `jccfsdgkjtí `jcc'kaldrnfzkdaj5 fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, gdnuakgfzkdak jcjttrdakgoj, gdatjautk fu`kdvkskvk , f gurf `k ]fsqufcj Gdstfazd,Rdbjrtd Ufggfrkf j Hkdvfaaf @j Nkakgd, Pdrkad5 Hkfppkgojcck 2==<, p. 7

2< Ka qujstd sjasd JCJAF @'DRCFA@D, ]rdlkck g dstktuzkdafck `jcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, ka «@krkttd `jcc‛kaldrnfzkdaj j`jcc‛kaldrnftkgf¹ (2=66), p. 260 28 Cjhhj Gdstktuzkdafcj a. 6 `jc 2= fprkcj 2=62, ka H.Z. 27 fprkcj 2=629 cj nd`klkgoj jatrjrfaad ka vkhdrj `fcc'jsjrgkzkd cftkvd fcc'faad 2=60.





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


Wk gdask`jrk ka pfrtkgdcfrj cf CJHHJ 8 fhdstd 6;;=, a. 206 (ka Hfzz. Zll., 6? fhdstd, a. 6;2). -Audvj adrnj ka nftj-rkf `k prdgj`knjatd fnnkakstrftkvd j `k `krkttd `k fggjssd fk `dgunjatk fnnkakstrftkvk . (ka pfrtkgdcfrj frtt. 8, 22, 2?).

Vujstf adrnf prjsuppdaj pjr cf prknf vdctf goj cj kaldrnfzkdak fbbkfad ua vfcdrj pjr k gkttf`kak j c‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj ada pdssf prjsgka`jrj `fc gda`kvk`jrcj gda gok vk of ua katjrjssj.

Wk dssjrvk cf ldrnucfzkdaj drkhkafrkf (prknf `jccf nd`klkgf katrd`dttf `fccf C. 6:/2==:) `jk prkagkpk (ada `tuzkdafcj, gdnj qujcck jauagkftk prjgj`jatjnjatj)5

Frt.6.6. C'fttkvktí fnnkakstrftkvf pjrsjhuj k lkak `jtjrnkaftk `fccf cjhhj j` ï rjttf `f grktjrk `k

jgdadnkgktí, `k jllkgfgkf j `k pubbckgktí sjgda`d cj nd`fcktí prjvkstj `fccf prjsjatj cjhhj j`fccj fctrj `kspdskzkdak goj `ksgkpckafad skahdck prdgj`knjatk.

2. Cf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj ada può fhhrfvfrj kc prdgj`knjatd sj ada pjr strfdr`k-afrkj j ndtkvftj jskhjazj knpdstj `fccd svdchknjatd `jcc'kstruttdrkf.

Wk dssjrvk drf kc tjstd vkhjatj, goj rkprdpdaj kc prdbcjnf `jk prkagkpk `jcc‛fttkvktí fnnkakstrftkvf5

Frt.6 ]rkagkpk hjajrfck `jcc'fttkvktí fnnkakstrftkvf6. C'fttkvktí fnnkakstrftkvf pjrsjhuj k lkak `jtjrnkaftk `fccf cjhhj j` ï rjttf `f grktjrk `k

jgdadnkgktí, `k jllkgfgkf, `k knpfrzkfcktí, `k pubbckgktí j `k trfspfrjazf sjgda`d cj nd`fcktíprjvkstj `fccf prjsjatj cjhhj j `fccj fctrj `kspdskzkdak goj `ksgkpckafad skahdck prdgj`knjatk,adagoë `fk prkagkpk `jcc'dr`kafnjatd gdnuaktfrkd .

6-bks. Cf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj, ajcc'f`dzkdaj `k fttk `k afturf ada futdrktftkvf, fhksgjsjgda`d cj adrnj `k `krkttd prkvftd sfcvd goj cf cjhhj `kspdahf `kvjrsfnjatj.

6-tjr. K sdhhjttk prkvftk prjpdstk fcc'jsjrgkzkd `k fttkvktí fnnkakstrftkvj fsskgurfad kc rkspjttd`jk grktjrk j `jk prkagkpk `k guk fc gdnnf 6.

2. Cf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj ada può fhhrfvfrj kc prdgj`knjatd sj ada pjr strfdr`k-afrkj j ndtkvftj jskhjazj knpdstj `fccd svdchknjatd `jcc'kstruttdrkf.

Gdnj skï vkstd `fccf `ksfnkaf `jk `dgunjatk gdnuaktfrk, kc rkljrknjatd fccf –gdaldrnktí„ gda qufatd p`fcc‛Zakdaj Jurdpjf pdaj kc prdbcjnf `jccf gdjrjazf `jk prkagkpk goj ck sdttja`dad gda qujcck prjvkstk `fccf Gfru-zkdafcj. @k gjrtd cf qujstkdaj ï fstrfttf, nf cf pdsskbkcktí `k ua gdalckttd of ua skhaklkgftd ndctd prdlda`d.

Rknfaja`d ajc gfnpd `jcc‛kaldrnftkzzfzkdaj, `jvj prjvfcjrj c‛kaadvfzkdaj dppurj kc –pfrjhhkd `k bkcfagkd„4 @k lfttd, j qujstf ï uaf adtjvdcj suhhjstkdaj, ï vjrd goj vk ï uaf `klljrjazf trf ]ubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj trf`kzkd

cj j –fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj„, nf qujstf `klljrjazf ada ï tfatd prftkgf, pjrgoë ada `kpja`j `fcc‛f`dzkdaj `k strunjatkkaldrnftkgk, qufatd `fcc‛f`jskdaj fc pfrf`khnf `jccf –Wdgkjtí `jcc‛Kaldrnfzkdaj„, goj cd Wtftd ktfckfad of rjgjpktd`fcc‛Zakdaj Jurdpjf j `kstrkbuktd ‗ pjr ada `krj knpdstd ‗ f tuttj cj kstktuzkdak goj gdnpdahdad cf Rjpubbckgf.

Ka goj tjrnkak c‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj –`khktfcj„ ï gdnpftkbkcj gda cf Gdstktuzkdaj4

?.0.- Kc gd`kgj `jcc'fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj ‗ pfadrfnkgf `jc @.Chs. ?2/2==: j dssjrvfzkdak

Gfpd K prkagkpk hjajrfckWjzkdaj K ̀ jlkakzkdak, lkafcktí j fnbktd ̀ k fppckgfzkdajWjzkdaj KK @krkttk `jk gkttf`kak j `jccj knprjsjWjzkdaj KKK Drhfakzzfzkdaj `jccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak Rfppdrtk lrf Wtftd Rjhkdak j futdadnkj

Gfpd KK @dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd j lkrnj jcjttrdakgoj9 trfsljrknjatd `k lda`k, ckbrk j sgrktturjWjzkdaj K @dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd

Wjzkdaj KK Lkrnj jcjttrdakgoj j gjrtklkgftdrkWjzkdaj KKK Prfsljrknjatd `k lda`k, ckbrk j sgrktturjGfpd KKK Ldrnfzkdaj, hjstkdaj j gdasjrvfzkdaj `jk `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


Gfpd K\ Prfsnksskdaj kaldrnftkgf `jk `dgunjatkGfpd \ @ftk `jccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak j sjrvkzk ka rjtj

Wjzkdaj K @ftk `jccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdakWjzkdaj KK Lrukbkcktí `jk `ftkWjzkdaj KKK Wjrvkzk ka rjtjWjzkdaj K\ Gfrtj jcjttrdakgoj

Gfpd \K Wvkcuppd, fgqukskzkdaj j rkusd `k skstjnk kaldrnftkgk ajccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdakGfpd \KK Rjhdcj tjgakgojGfpd \KKK Wkstjnf pubbckgd `k gdaajttkvktí j rjtj katjrafzkdafcj `jccf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj

Wjzkdaj K @jlkakzkdak rjcftkvj fc skstjnf pubbckgd ̀ k gdaajttkvktíWjzkdaj KK Wkstjnf pubbckgd `k gdaajttkvktí W]GWjzkdaj KKK Rjtj katjrafzkdafcj `jccf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj j gdnpktk `jc GAK]F

Gfpd K_ @kspdskzkdak trfasktdrkj lkafck j fbrdhfzkdak

Ka hjajrfcj sk pdssdad gdnpkjrj fcguaj dssjrvfzkdak5

(6) Cf `jadnkafzkdaj `k –gd`kgj„ rkgokfnf ajccf nd`jraktí (kc Gd`j Gkvkc, nf ada sk può `knjatkgfrj kcOfnnurfbk„ j kc Gdrpus Eurks Gkvkcks, ka guk –gd`kgj„ of ua skhaklkgftd ndctd `kvjrsd) c‛k`jf `k –`k jsgcuskvktí. Ka rjfctí ka qujstd gfsd sk trfttf `k ua skstjnf goj ska `fcc‛drkhkaj ï ka rjcfzkdaj gda fcj-nk„. Wk rkgokfnf ka qujstd sjasd cf –gdnpcjssktí„ `jcc‛dr`kafnjatd –rjtkgdcfrj„.

(2) \k sdad uctjr kdrk prkagkpk kajrjatk c‛fttkvktí fnnkakstrftkvf, goj sk pdssdad rkgfvfrj `fccjlkafcktí, fagoj ka rjcf-zkdaj fccfgcfusdcf `k rksjrvf f bjajlkgkd `jc @.Chs. 6;</2==7 j `k –`krkttk„ –ckbjrtí„ j –`khaktí„

Frt.2 Lkafcktí j fnbktd `k fppckgfzkdaj6. Cd Wtftd, cj Rjhkdak j cj futdadnkj cdgfck fsskgurfadcf `kspdakbkcktí, cf hjstkdaj,

c'fggjssd, cf trfsnksskdaj, cf gdasjrvfzkdaj j cf lrukbkcktí `jcc'kaldrnfzkdaj ka nd`fcktí`khktfcj j sk drhfakzzfad j` fhksgdad f tfcj lkaj utkckzzfa`d gdacj nd`fcktí pkû fpprdprkftj

cj tjgadcdhkj `jcc'kaldrnfzkdaj j `jccf gdnuakgfzkdaj.2. Cj `kspdskzkdak `jc prjsjatj gd`kgj sk fppckgfad fccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak `k guk

fcc'frtkgdcd 6, gdnnf 2, `jc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 7= nfrzd 2==6, a. 6<:, ajc rkspjttd `jc rkpfrtd`k gdnpjtjazf `k guk fcc'frtkgdcd 668 `jccf Gdstktuzkdaj, adagoj' fccj sdgkjtf', katjrfnjatjpfrtjgkpftj `f jatk pubbckgk d gda prjvfcjatj gfpktfcj pubbckgd kasjrktj ajc gdatd jgdadnkgdgdasdck`ftd `jccf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj, gdnj ka`kvk`uftj `fcc'Kstktutd afzkdafcj `k stftk-stkgf (KWPFP) fk sjask `jcc'frtkgdcd 6, gdnnf :, `jccf cjhhj 7= `kgjnbrj 2==0, a. 766 (6).

Y2-bks. Puttj cj `kspdskzkdak prjvkstj `fc prjsjatj gd`kgj pjr cj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdaksk fppckgfad, dvj pdsskbkcj tjgakgfnjatj j f gda`kzkdaj goj ada sk prd`ugfad audvk d nfh-hkdrk dajrk pjr cf lkafazf pubbckgf dvvjrd, `krjttfnjatj d ka`krjttfnjatj, funjatk `k gdstk fgfrkgd `jhck utjatk, fagoj fk sdhhjttk prkvftk prjpdstk fcc‛jsjrgkzkd `k fttkvktí fnnkakstr ftkvj.^ (2)

7. Cj `kspdskzkdak `k guk fc gfpd KK, fhck frtkgdck 0=, 07 j 00 `jc gfpd KKK, adagoj' fc gfpd K\,sk fppckgfad fk prkvftk fk sjask `jcc'frtkgdcd 7 `jc `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jccf Rjpubbckgf 2?`kgjnbrj 2===, a. 00:, j suggjsskvj nd`klkgfzkdak (7).

0. Cj `kspdskzkdak `k guk fc gfpd \, gdagjrajatk c'fggjssd fk `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk, j cflrukbkcktí `jccj kaldrnfzkdak `khktfck sk fppckgfad fagoj fk hjstdrk `k sjrvkzk pubbckgk j` fhck dr-hfaksnk `k `krkttd pubbckgd.

:. Cj `kspdskzkdak `jc prjsjatj gd`kgj sk fppckgfadajc rkspjttd `jccf `ksgkpckaf rkcjvfa-tj ka nftjrkf `k trfttfnjatd `jk `ftk pjrsdafck j, ka pfrtkgdcfrj, `jccj `kspdskzkdak `jc gd`k-gj ka nftjrkf `k prdtjzkdaj `jk `ftk pjrsdafck fpprdvftd gda `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 7= hkuhad2==7, a. 6;<. K gkttf`kak j cj knprjsj ofaad, gdnuaquj, `krkttd f` dttjajrj goj kc trfttfnjatd`jk `ftk jlljttuftd nj`kfatj c'usd `k tjgadcdhkj tjcjnftkgoj skfgdaldrnftd fc rkspjttd `jk`krkttk j `jccj ckbjrtí lda`fnjatfck, adagoë `jccf `khaktí `jcc'katjrjssftd (0).





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


<. Cj `kspdskzkdak `jc prjsjatj gd`kgj ada sk fppckgfad cknktftfnjatj fcc'jsjrgkzkd `jccjfttkvktí j luazkdak `k dr`kaj j skgurjzzf pubbckgf, `kljsf j skgurjzzf afzkdafcj, j gdasuctfzkdakjcjttdrfck. Gda `jgrjtk `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jc Gdaskhckd `jk Nkakstrk, tjautd gdatd `jccj jskhjazj`jrkvfatk `fccf afturf `jccj prdprkj pfrtkgdcfrk luazkdak, sdad stfbkcktk cj nd`fcktf', k cknktk j` ktjnpk `k fppckgfzkdaj `jccj `kspdskzkdak `jc prjsjatj Gd`kgj fccf ]rjsk`jazf `jc Gdaskhckd `jkNkakstrk, adagoj' fcc'Fnnkakstrfzkdaj jgdadnkgd-lkafazkfrkf (:) (<).

(6) Gdnnf sdstktuktd `fcc'frtkgdcd 2, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf f), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(2) Gdnnf kakzkfcnjatj fhhkuatd `fcc'frtkgdcd 7<, gdnnf :, `jccf Cjhhj 6? hkuhad 2==;, a. <; jsuggjsskvfnjatj fbrdhftd `fcc'frtkgdcd 2, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf b), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(7) Gdnnf sdstktuktd `fcc'frtkgdcd 2, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf g), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(0) Gdnnf nd`klkgftd `fcc'frtkgdcd 2 `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:;.

(:) Gdnnf nd`klkgftd `fcc'frtkgdcd 2, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf `), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(<) ]jr cj nd`fcktf', k cknktk j` k tjnpk `k fppckgfzkdaj `jc Gd`kgj `jcc'fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj fccf]rjsk`jazf `jc Gdaskhckd `jk Nkakstrk vj`k c'frtkgdcd 6 `jc @.].G. N. ; ljbbrfkd 2=66.

(7) kc rkljrknjatd fcc‛dbbckhd pjr c‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `k –`khktfckzzfrsk„, ldrnucftd gdnj ua –`krkttd„ `jhca quj-std sjasd ï katjrjssfatj gdalrdatfrj cf `ksgkpckaf drkhkafrkf gda qujccf vkhjatj.

Frt. 7. @krkttd fcc'usd `jccj tjgadcdhkj (Pjstd drkhkafrkd)6. K gkttf`kak j cj knprjsj ofaad `krkttd f rkgokj`jrj j` dttjajrj c'usd `jccj tjgadcdhkj tj-

cjnftkgoj ajccj gdnuakgfzkdak gda cj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak gjatrfck j gda k hjstdrk `kpubbckgk sjrvkzk stftfck ajk cknktk `k qufatd prjvkstd ajc prjsjatj gd`kgj.

Frt.7 @krkttd fcc'usd `jccj tjgadcdhkj (Pjstd vkhjatj)6. K gkttf`kak j cj knprjsj ofaad `krkttd f rkgokj`jrj j` dttjajrj c'usd `jccj tjgadcdhkj tj-

cjnftkgoj ajccj gdnuakgfzkdak gda cj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak, gda k sdhhjttk `k guk fcc'frtk-gdcd 2, gdnnf 2, j gda k hjstdrk `k pubbckgk sjrvkzk fk sjask `k qufatd prjvkstd `fc prjsjatjgd`kgj (6).

Y6-bks. Kc prkagkpkd `k guk fc gdnnf 6 sk fppckgf fccj fnnkakstrfzkdak rjhkdafck j cdgfck ajkcknktk `jccj rksdrsj tjgadcdhkgoj j` drhfakzzftkvj `kspdakbkck j ajc rkspjttd `jccf cdrd futdadnkfadrnftkvf.^ (2)

6-tjr. Cf tutjcf hkurks`kzkdafcj `fvfatk fc hku`kgj fnnkakstrftkvd j' `ksgkpckaftf `fc gd`kgj`jc prdgjssd fnnkakstrftkvd (7) .

(6) Gdnnf nd`klkgftd `fcc'frtkgdcd 7 `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:; j `fcc'frtkgdcd 7, gdnnf 6, cjt-tjrf f), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(2) Gdnnf kakzkfcnjatj kasjrktd `fcc'frtkgdcd 7 `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:; j suggjsskvfnjatjfbrdhftd `fcc'frtkgdcd 7, gdnnf 6, cjttjrf b), `jc @.Chs. 7= `kgjnbrj 2=6=, a. 27:.

(7) Gdnnf kasjrktd `fcc'frtkgdcd 7 `jc @.Chs. 0 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6:; j sdstktuktd `fcc' frtkgdcd 7, gdn-nf 68, `jcc'Fccjhftd 0 fc @.Chs.2 cuhckd 2=6=, a. 6=0.

Wucc‛frt. 7 @. Chs. ?2/2==: sk pdssdad ldrnucfrj fcguak rkckjvk5 (6) sdttd kc prdlkcd cdhkgd-hkurk`kgd5 –`krkttd f rkgokj`jrj j dttjajrj„, cf prjgksfzkdaj ï kautkcj. (2) sdttd c‛fspjttd `jccf –cjhknftkgf„5 c‛frtkgdcd ï gdnpdstd `f `uj gdnnk, ada –6„ j –2„, nf –6„ j –6-tjr„.(7) sdttd c‛fspjttd `dhnftkgd5

f. ka goj sjasd sk pfrcf `k –`krkttd„4 Wj ï ua vjrd j prdprkd –`krkttd sdhhjttkvd„, skpuò rktjajrj susskstjatjua‛dbbckhfzkdaj j quka`k ua kaf`jnpknjatd4 Wj sk trfttf `k ua –katjrjssj cjhkttknd„, fccdrf pjrgof-nfrcd –`krkttd„, j sdprfttuttd, gkò cjhkttknf f ska`fgfrj c‛dpjrftd `jccf ]ubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj4





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


YKK^. Gok jggjpksgj c'kajllkgfgkf `k tfck lfttk dvvjrd jggjpksgj goj kc `krkttd sk ï nd`klkgftd djstkatd̀jvj prdvfrj k lfttk su guk c'jggjzkdaj sk lda`f.

(2) kc «pru`jatj fpprjzzfnjatd¹ `jc hku`kgj, goj `jvj pjrò ndtkvfrj gda rfhkdajvdcjzzf cf gdask`jrfzkdaj fttrkbufhck jcjnjatk ̀ j`dttk ̀ fccj pfrtk.

Frtkgdcd 66: G]G @kspdakbkcktí `jccj prdvj.YK^. Wfcvk k gfsk prjvkstk `fccf cjhhj, kc hku`kgj `jvj pdrrj f lda`fnjatd `jccf `jgkskdaj cj

prdvj prdpdstj `fccj pfrtk d `fc pubbckgd nkakstjrd, adagoë klfttk ada spjgklkgftfnjatjgdatjstftk `fccf pfrtj gdstktuktf.

YKK^ Kc hku`kgj può tuttfvkf,sjazf bksdhad `k prdvf , pdrrj f lda`fnjatd `jccf `jgkskdajcj adzkdak `k lfttd goj rkjatrfad ajccfgdnuaj jspjrkjazf .

Vujst‛uctknd prkagkpkd trdvf uaf`jrdhf ajk gfsk prjvkstk `fccf cjhhj5 «sfcvd goj cf cjhhj `kspdahf fctrknjatk ¹.Wk trfttf `jccjprdvj cjhfck5 cf cjhhj prjvj`j ka nd`d hjajrfcj j` fstrfttd c‛jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf `k ua njzzd kstruttd-

rkd, goj vkagdcf kc pjrgdrsd cdhkgd-hkurk`kgd gdnpkutd `fc hku`kgj ajccf `jgkskdaj.

Frtkgdcd 66< G]G \fcutfzkdaj `jccj prdvj.YK^. Kc hku`kgj `jvj vfcutfrj cj prdvj sjgda`d kc sudpru`jatj fpprjzzfnjatd , sfcvd goj

cf cjhhj `kspdahffctrknjatk Y28==, 28=2, 28=;, 2862, 28772, 2870, 287:6, 287?6 g.g.^.YKK^. Kc hku`kgj può `jsunjrj frhdnjatk `k prdvf `fccjrkspdstj goj cj pfrtk hck `faad f

adrnf `jcc'frtkgdcd sjhujatj, `fc cdrdrklkutd kahkustklkgftd f gdasjatkrj cj kspjzkdak goj jhckof dr`kaftj Y66?2, 2:?^ j, ka hjajrfcj, `fcgdatjhad `jccj pfrtk stjssj ajc prdgjssd Y??6,2=87, 02=6-2^.

Wk fhhkuahj ‗ pjr gdnpcjtjzzf ‗ goj cj prdvj pdssdad jssjrj5(6) ]rjgdstktuktj 5 sk trfttf `jccj « prdvj `dgunjatfck ¹.(2) Gdstktuja`j 5 dsskf cj prdvj fssuatj ajc gdrsd `jc hku`kzkd (js5 tjstkndakfazf).

Ka qujstf sj`j ‗ jvk`jatjnjatj ‗ sk gdask`jrfad sdctfatd cj prdvj `dgunjatfck d –prjgdstktuktj„.

?.:.6.- Prf –ckbjrd gdavkagknjatd„ `jc hku`kgj j –rfpprjsjatfzkdaj„ njatfcj

Fk lkak `jccf gdnprjaskdaj ‗ pjr qufatd `k katjrjssj ‗ `jccf adzkdaj `k «prdvf `dgunjatfcj¹, ï knpdrtfatj gokfrkrj kcgdagjttd `k «`dgunjatd¹ j pdk vjrklkgfraj c‛fppckgfzkdaj ajc `krkttd.

Ka vkf fssdcutfnjatj hjajrfcj, kc –`dgunjatd„ ï uaf –rfpprjsjatfzkdaj„2; .kc `dgunjatd ï «uaf gdsf goj lf gdadsgjrj ua lfttd¹7= D njhckd, `fc ndnjatd goj cf –rfpprjsjatfzkdaj„ ï c‛jlljttd pskgokgd (d njatfcj) `jccf pjrgjzkdaj `k uaf gdsf, kcd-

gunjatd„ ï fppuatd gkò goj ï ka së k`dajd f rkgokfnfrj qufcgdsf goj ada vkjaj pjrgjpktd `krjttfnjatj.Kc –`dgunjatd„ ï uaf –gdsf„ goj rfpprjsjatf –qufcgdsf„ goj ada ï dhhjttd `k jspjrkjazf jnpkrkgf `f pfrtj `jc sdh-

hjttd. Ka qujstd sjasd, gkò goj gdatf ada ï cf ldrnf nftjrkfcj ka guk k lfttk `jcc‛jspjrkjazf vjahdad lkssftk (ua ndaunja-td, uaf ldtdhrflkf, ua vk`jd, uad sgrkttd) qufatd c‛jlljttd hjajrftd ajccf gdsgkjazf `k gok jatrf ka gdatfttd gda kc –a-td„. Kalfttk sk pfrcf pkû `k –jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf„ goj `k –vfck`ktí prdbftdrkf„, pjrgoë cf vfcjazf kstruttdrkf adldrnf, nf `k jlljttd.

@fc puatd `k vkstf gdhaktkvd, gkfsguad ï gokfnftd f` –fpprjzzfrj„, jsfttfnjatj gdnj lf kc hku`kgj, cf vfcjazf `rfpprjsjatfzkdaj fc lkaj `k gdask`jrfrj rfhhkuatf ‗ d njad ‗ cf prdvf `jc lfttd `k guk ï cftrkgj.

2; F sdstjhad `k qujstf `jlkakzkdaj hck futdrk `k kaldrnftkgf hkurk`kgf gktfad `kllusfnjatj kc hkurkstf lrkucfad Lrfagjsgd G7= LRFAGJWGDGFRAJCZPPK, vdgj@dgunjatd (tjdrkf nd`jraf) , kaAdvkssknd @khjstd Ktfckfad, vdc. \K, Pdrkad5 ZPJP 6;<=, pp. ?<





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


YK^. Cj gdpkj `jccj sgrktturj prkvftj `jpdsktftj prjssd pubbckgk ullkgk j spj`ktj `f pubbckgk`jpdsktfrk futdrkzzftk ofaad cf stjssf jllkgfgkf `jccf sgrktturf drkhkafcj `f guk sdad jstrfttjY28=29 2626, 26:2 g.p.g.^.

Frtkgdcd 286< Nfagfazf `jcc'fttd drkhkafcj d `k gdpkf `jpdsktftf.YK^. Ka nfagfazf `jcc'drkhkafcj `jcc'fttd pubbckgd d `k uaf gdpkf `k jssd prjssd ua pubbckgd

`jpdsktfrkd, cj gdpkj spj`ktj ka gdaldrnktí `jcc'frtkgdcd 2860 lfaad pkjaf prdvf9 nf sj tfck gd-pkj, d fagoj cf gdpkf jskstjatj prjssd ua pubbckgd `jpdsktfrkd qufa`d nfagf c'drkhkafcj, prj-sjatfad gfagjccfturj, fbrfskdak, katjrgfcfzkdak d fctrk `kljttk jstjrkdrk, ï rknjssd fc hku`kgj `kfpprjzzfraj cf jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf Y66< g.p.g.^.

YKK^. Ka nfagfazf `jcc'drkhkafcj sgrktturf prkvftf, cj gdpkj `k jssf spj`ktj ka gdaldrnktí`jcc'frtkgdcd 286: lfaad jhufcnjatj prdvf9 nf sj prjsjatfad gfagjccfturj, fbrfskdak, katjr-gfcfzkdak d fctrk `kljttk jstjrkdrk, ï rknjssd pfrknjatk fc hku`kgj `k fpprjzzfraj c'jllkgfgkf prd-bftdrkf. Rjstf ka dhak gfsd sfcvf cf qujstkdaj gkrgf c'futjatkgktí `jcc'drkhkafcj nfagfatj.

Frtkgdcd 2868 \fcdrj prdbftdrkd `k fctrj gdpkj.YK^. Cj gdpkj rkcfsgkftj `f pubbckgk ullkgkfckludrk `jk gfsk gdatjnpcftk `fhck frtkgdck prjgj-

`jatk ofaad c'jllkgfgkf `k uaprkagkpkd `k prdvf pjr ksgrkttd Y2820^.

Frtkgdcd 286? \fcdrj prdbftdrkd `k gdpkj pfrzkfck.YK^. Cj gdpkj pfrzkfck d cj rkprdùzkdak pjr jstrfttd, rkcfsgkftj ajccf ldrnf prjsgrkttf `f pub-

bckgk ullkgkfck goj aj sdad `jpdsktfrk j sdad `jbktfnjatj futdrkzzftk, lfaad pkjaf prdvfsdcdpjr qujccf pfrtj `jcc'drkhkafcj goj rkprdùgdad cjttjrfcnjatj Y2626 g.p.g.^.

Frtkgdcd 282= Jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf.YK^. C'fttd `k rkgdhakzkdaj Y;<;, 67=;, 6?8=^ d `k rkaadvfzkdaj lf pkjaf prdvf `jccj `kgokf-

rfzkdak gdatjautj ajc `dgunjatd drkhkafcj, sj ada sk `kndstrf , prdùgja`d qujst'uctknd,goj vk ï stftdjrrdrj Y602? ss.^ ajccf rkgdhakzkdaj d ajccf rkaadvfzkdaj.

?.:.7.- Cf «sgrktturf prkvftf¹

Frtkgdcd 28=2 GG Jllkgfgkf `jccf sgrktturf prkvftf.YK^. Cf sgrktturf prkvftf lf pkjaf prdvf,lkad f qujrjcf `k lfcsd Y226 ss. g.p.g.^, `jccfprd-

vjakjazf `jccj `kgokfrfzkdak `f gok c'ofsdttdsgrkttf , sj gdcuk gdatrd kc qufcj cf sgrktturf ïprd`dttf ajrkgdadsgj cf sdttdsgrkzkdaj, dvvjrd sj qujstf ï cjhfcnjatjgdask`jrftf gdnjrkgdadsgkutf Y28=79 260, 26: g.p.g.9 68?, 88: g. afv.^.

Frtkgdcd 28=7 GG Wdttdsgrkzkdaj futjatkgftf.YK^. Wk of pjr rkgdadsgkutf cf sdttdsgrkzkdajfutjatkgftf `fc adtfkd d `f fctrd pubbckgd ullk-

gkfcj f gkò futdrkzzftd (6).YKK^. C'futjatkgfzkdaj gdaskstj ajcc'fttjstfzkdaj `f pfrtj `jc pubbckgd ullkgkfcj goj cf sdttd-

sgrkzkdaj ï stftf fppdstf ka suf prjsjazf. Kc pubbckgd ullkgkfcj `jvj prjvkfnjatj fggjrtfrj cfk`jatktí `jccf pjrsdaf goj sdttdsgrkvj (2).

(6) \. `.].R. 2? `kgjnbrj 2===, a. 00: j frt. 2: `.chs. 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2.

(2) \. c. 2 fprkcj 6;07, a. 22<, succf rkauagkf fcc'fsskstjazf `jk tjstkndak ajccf ldrnfzkdaj

`k fttk adtfrkck `k futjatkgfzkdaj `jccj sdttdsgrkzkdak.

Ka qujstd gfsd dggdrrj prjstfrj fttjazkdaj f `kvjrsk prdlkck.





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


- dhhjttd `jccf prdvf cjhfcj`jccf –sgrktturf prkvftf„5cf –prdvjakjazf„, dsskf c‛futdrj `jccf sgrktturf9 - rjquksktk ̀ jcc‛jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf5

(6) cf sdttdsgrkzkdaj futdhrflf d –`k puhad„ (2) ua rjquksktd uctjrkdrj `ftd `f (2 kpdtjsk)5

f. kcrkgdadsgknjatd ka hku`kzkd `f pfrtj `jcc‛futdrj9 b. uaf gda`kzkdaj jqukvfcjatj, dsskf (7 kpdtjsk)5

k. c‛futjatkgfzkdaj `f pfrtj `k ua pubbckgd ullkgkfcj9kk. kc nfagftd `ksgdadsgknjatd ka hku`kzkd779kkk. cf vjrklkgfzkdaj su kstfazf `jccf pfrtj goj katja`j fvvfcjrsk `jc `dgunjatd70

- jlljttk 5 cf vfcjazf prdbftdrkf ï cknktftf –gdatrd„ gok of sdttdsgrkttd kc `dgunjatd.- –rjskstjazf „ rflldrzftf 5 cf prdvf ï tfatd –pkjaf„, goj pjr gdatjstfraj cf rfpprjsjatfzkdaj ï ajgjssfrkd ua pr d-

gj`knjatd spjgklkgd ‗ cf –qujrjcf `k lfcsd„7: , fppuatd ‗ goj of rklcjssk pjafck.

Dggdrrj prjstfrj pfr tkgdcfrj fttjazkdaj f ùj prdlkck uctjrkdrk, goj gdstktuksgdad nd`fcktí `k –jstjaskdaj„ `jccf sprkvftf5

(6) jstjaskdaj `jccf vfcjazf prdbftdrkf ajk gdalrdatk `k tjrzk 5 cf `ftf può jssjrj lfttf vfcjrj ajk gdalrdatk `jktjrzk (frt. 28=0) sdcd qufa`d ï «gjrtf¹, dsskf `kpja`j `f rjhkstrfzkdaj (prjssd Fhjazkf `jccj Jatrftj), ndrtj, dfctrd fafcdhd lfttd.

(2) jstjaskdaj `jk grktjrk `k knputfbkcktí `jc `dgunjatd 5 ajc gfsd `jc tjcjhrfnnf (frt. 28=:) fccf sdttdsgrkzkdajjqukvfcj cf gdasjhaf fcc‛ullkgkd pdstfcj7<.

?.:.0.- C‛fttd pubbckgd

Frtkgdcd 2<;; GG Fttd pubbckgd.YK^. C'fttd pubbckgd ï kc `dgunjatd rj`fttd, gda cj rkgokjstj ldrnfcktí, `f ua adtfkd d `f fc-

trd pubbckgd ullkgkfcj futdrkzzftd f` fttrkbukrhckpubbckgf lj`j ajc cudhd `dvj c'fttd ï ldrnftd.

Frtkgdcd 28== GG Jllkgfgkf `jcc'fttd pubbckgd.YK^. C'fttd pubbckgd lf pkjaf prdvf,lkad f qujrjcf `k lfcsd Y226 ss. g.p.g.^, `jccfprdvj-

akjazf `jc `dgunjatd `fc pubbckgd ullkgkfcj goj cd of ldrnftd, adagoë `jccj`kgokfrfzkdak `jccj pfrtk j `jhckfctrk lfttk goj kc pubbckgd ullkgkfcj fttjstf fvvjautk ka suf prjsjazf d `f cukgdnpkutk Y68?, 88: g. afv.^.

Ka qujstd gfsd dggdrrj adtfrj `kvjrsk prdlkck `k –rflldrzfnjatd„ `jccf prdvf cjhfcj, pjrgoë c‛dhhjttd `jccf prdpkûfnpkd , pjrgoë rkhufr`f5

f. Cf prdvjakjazf5 kc `dgunjatd ï knputfbkcj fc pubbckgd ullkgkfcj9b. Cj `kgokfrfzkdak78 d fctrk lfttk `jk sdhhjttk ‗ `k guk ï fggjrtftf c‛k`jatktí ‗ goj sk sdad rkvdctk fc pubbckgd ul-

lkgkfcj9g. Cj fzkdak goj kc nj`jsknd pubbckgd ullkgkfcj gdnpkj ka prknf pjrsdaf.

77 Kc `ksgdadsgknjatd `jvj jssjrj jlljttuftd «ajccf prknf u`kjazf d ajccf prknf rkspdstf suggjsskvf fccf prdùzkdaj¹, frt. 26: g. 6a.2) G]G.

70 Frt. 26< G]G. Wj kc Hku`kgj fggjrtf goj cf sgrktturf fppfrtkjaj fccf pfrtj goj c‛of ajhftf, può gda`faafrcf fc pfhfnjatd `k uapjaf pjguakfrkf (frt. 22= G]G). F `klljrjazf `jccf gdaldrnktí fk lfttk ajccf «rkprdùzkdaj njggfakgf¹, ka qujstd gfsd ï prjvksfazkdaj.

7: Frtt. 226-228 G]G.7< Wjgda`d cf hkurkspru`jazf, fagoj cf `jttfturf tjcjldakgf.78 Cf prdvf rkhufr`f kc lfttd stjssd `jccf `kgokfrfzkdaj, ada cf vjrk`kgktí `jc gdatjautd.





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


?.<.- ]rdlkck fppckgftkvk

@k sjhuktd sk rkpdrtfad fcguak jsjnpk `k j-hdvjrafagj `k pfrtkgdcfrj katjrjssj.

?.<.6.- @kspdskzkdak pfrtkgdcfrnjatj skhaklkgftkvj `jc Gd`kgj `jcc‛Fnnkakstrfzkdaj @khktfcj

(6) Rjspdasfbkcktí pfrtkgdcfrk `jk `krkhjatk ajc rfhhkuahknjatd `jcc‛dbkjttkvd `jccf `khktfckzzfzkdaj

(2)

]rjvkskdaj ̀ k uctjrkdrk kaadvfzkdakf. Ldrnfzkdaj `k `dgunjatk kaldrnftkgk (frt. 0=)b. ]rdtdgdccd kaldrnftkgd (frt. 06)g. Lfsgkgdcd kaldrnftkgd (frt. 02)`. Jqukvfcjazf fccf ldrnf sgrkttf `jk `dgunjatk rkgjvutk `fk gkttf`kak ka ldrnftd jcjttrdakgd j prjsua

sjnpcklkgftf `k gdadsgkbkcktí `jccj gdnuakgfzkdak (frt. 0:)j. Gda`kvkskdaj ̀ jk ̀ ftk trf fnnkakstrfzkdak (frt. :=)l. ]rjvkskdaj ̀ k gdatjautk kaldrnftkvk nkaknk ajk sktk `jccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak (frt. :0)h. –Rkusd„ `k skstjnk j prdhrfnnk kaldrnftkgk (frtt. <? j <;)

?.<.2.- Cf pfrtjgkpfzkdaj f bfa`k `k hfrf ka ldrnftd jcjttrdakgd

?.<.2.6.- Adrnftkvf `k rkljrknjatd

Wuccj nd`fcktí `k prjsjatfzkdaj `jccj dlljrtj ka uaf pubbckgf hfrf tjcjnftkgf `k fppfctd.Ï katjrjssfatj goj sk prjvj`f sdctfatd cf lkrnf `khktfcj, ada ‗ pjr jsjnpkd ‗ qujccf qufcklkgftf. ]rjsunkbkcnjatj f

gfusf `k ua `kljttd `k gddr`kafnjatd gda cj nd`klkgoj fc GF@ fvvjautj ajc 2=6=.

@JGRJPD CJHKWCFPK\D 62 fprkcj 2==< a.6<7 (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd a. 6=8 fccfHfzz.Zll., 2 nfhhkd, a. 6==). - Gd`kgj `jk gdatrfttk pubbckgk rjcftkvk f cfvdrk, sjrvkzk jldrakturj ka fttufzkdaj `jccj `krjttkvj 2==0/68/GJ j 2==0/6?/GJ.

Frtkgdcd 88 Rjhdcj fppckgfbkck fccj gdnuakgfzkdak

6. Puttj cj gdnuakgfzkdak j tuttk hck sgfnbk `k kaldrnfzkdak trf stfzkdak fppfctfatk jdpjrftdrk jgdadnkgk pdssdad fvvjakrj, f sgjctf `jccj stfzkdak fppfctfatk, nj`kfatjpdstf, nj`kfatj lfx, pjr vkf jcjttrdakgf fk sjask `jk gdnnk : j <, pjr tjcjldad ajkgfsk j fccj gda`kzkdak `k guk fc gdnnf 8, d nj`kfatj uaf gdnbkafzkdaj `k tfck njzzk.Kc njzzd d k njzzk `k gdnuakgfzkdaj prjsgjctk `jvdad jssjrj ka`kgftk ajc bfa`d d,dvj nfagok kc bfa`d, ajcc'kavktd fccf prdgj`urf.

2. Kc njzzd `k gdnuakgfzkdaj sgjctd `jvj jssjrj gdnuajnjatj `kspdakbkcj, kand`d `f ada cknktfrj c'fggjssd `jhck dpjrftdrk jgdadnkgk fccf prdgj`urf `k fhhku`k-gfzkdaj.

7. Cj gdnuakgfzkdak, hck sgfnbk j c'frgokvkfzkdaj `k kaldrnfzkdak sdad rjfckzzftk ka

nd`d `f sfcvfhufr`frj c'katjhrktí `jk `ftk j cf rksjrvftjzzf `jccj dlljrtj j `jccj `d-nfa`j `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj j `k ada gdasjatkrj fccj stfzkdak fppfctfatk `k prja`jrj vk-skdaj `jc gdatjautd `jccj dlljrtj j `jccj `dnfa`j `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj prknf `jccf sgf-`jazf `jc tjrnkaj prjvkstd pjr cf cdrd prjsjatfzkdaj.

0. Ajc rkspjttd `jc gdnnf 7, cj stfzkdak fppfctfatk pdssdad fggdasjatkrj, gdnjnjzzd ada jsgcuskvd, fagoj fccf prjsjatfzkdaj `krjttf `jccj dlljrtj j `jccj `dnfa`j`k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj, prjssd c'ullkgkd ka`kgftd ajc bfa`d d ajcc'kavktd.

:. Vufa`d cj stfzkdak fppfctfatk gokj`fad d fggdasjatfad fccj gdnuakgfzkdak pjrvkf jcjttrdakgf, hck strunjatk `f utkckzzfrj pjr gdnuakgfrj pjr vkf jcjttrdakgf, adagoëcj rjcftkvj gfrfttjrkstkgoj tjgakgoj, `jvdad jssjrj `k gfrfttjrj ada `ksgrknkaftdrkd,gdnuajnjatj `kspdakbkck fc pubbckgd j gdnpftkbkck gda k prd`dttk `jccf tjgadcdhkf

`jcc'kaldrnfzkdaj j `jccf gdnuakgfzkdaj hjajrfcnjatj ka usd. Cj stfzkdak fppfctfatkgoj skfad sdhhjttk tjautk fcc'dssjrvfazf `jc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2(gd`kgj `jcc'fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj) Y j `jc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 2? ljbbrfkd 2==:, a.02 (kstktuzkdaj `jc skstjnf pubbckgd `k gdaajttkvktí j `jccf rjtj katjrafzkdafcj `jccf





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj, f adrnf `jcc'frtkgdcd 6=, `jccf cjhhj 2; cuhckd 2==7, a.22;)^ , dpjrfad ajc rkspjttd `jccj prjvkskdak `k tfck fttk cjhkscftkvk j suggjsskvj nd`klk-gfzkdak, j `jccj rjcftkvj adrnj `k fttufzkdaj j` jsjguzkdaj. Ka pfrtkgdcfrj, hck sgfnbk`k gdnuakgfzkdak trf fnnkakstrfzkdak fhhku`kgftrkgk j dpjrftdrk jgdadnkgk `jvj fvvj-akrj trfnktj pdstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf, fk sjask `jcc'frtkgdcd 0?, `jc `jgrjtd cjhkscftk-vd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2, `jc `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jccf Rjpubbckgf 66 ljbbrfkd2==:, a. <? j `jc `jgrjtd `jc ]rjsk`jatj `jccf Rjpubbckgf 2? `kgjnbrj 2===, a. 00:(6).

<. Fk `kspdsktkvk `k trfsnksskdaj j rkgjzkdaj jcjttrdakgf `jccj dlljrtj j fk `k-spdsktkvk `k rkgjzkdaj jcjttrdakgf `jccj `dnfa`j `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj sk fppckgfadcj sjhujatk rjhdcj5

f) cj kaldrnfzkdak gdagjrajatk cj spjgklkgoj ajgjssfrkj fccf prjsjatfzkdaj `k dl-ljrtj j `dnfa`j `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj pjr vkf jcjttrdakgf, kvk gdnprjsf cf gklrfturf, sdadnjssj f ̀ kspdskzkdaj ̀ jhck katjrjssftk. Kadctrj k `kspdsktkvk ̀ k rkgjzkdaj jcjttrdakgf ̀ jc-cj dlljrtj j `jccj `dnfa`j `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj sdad gdaldrnk fk rjquksktk `jcc'fccjhftd_KK, ajc rkspjttd, fctrjsã, `jc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2, pjr cj stfzkdakfppfctfatk tjautj fccf suf dssjrvfazf9

b) cj dlljrtj prjsjatftj pjr vkf jcjttrdakgf pdssdad jssjrj jlljttuftj sdcdutkckzzfa`d cf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf `khktfcj gdnj `jlkaktf j `ksgkpckaftf `fc `jgrjtdcjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?29

g) pjr cf prjstfzkdaj `jk sjrvkzk `k gjrtklkgfzkdaj ka rjcfzkdaj fk `kspdsktkvk jcjttrd-akgk `jccf cjttjrf f) j ka rjcfzkdaj fccf lkrnf `khktfcj `k guk fccf cjttjrf b), sk fppckgfadcj adrnj suk gjrtklkgftdrk qufcklkgftk j suc skstjnf `k fggrj`ktfnjatd lfgdctftkvd, `jttf-tj `fc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?29

`) hck dlljrjatk j k gfa`k`ftk sk knpjhafad f goj k `dgunjatk, k gjrtklkgftk j cj`kgokfrfzkdak rjcftkvk fk rjquksktk `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj `k guk fhck frtkgdck `f 7? f 0<j `k guk fhck frtkgdck 276, 272, 277, sj ada sdad `kspdakbkck ka ldrnftd jcjttrdak-gd, skfad prjsjatftk ka ldrnf gfrtfgjf prknf `jccf sgf`jazf `jc tjrnkaj prjvk-std pjr cf prjsjatfzkdaj `jccj dlljrtj d `jccj `dnfa`j `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj.

8. Wfcvd kc gdnnf 0, fccf trfsnksskdaj `jccj `dnfa`j `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj fccj prd-gj`urj `k fhhku`kgfzkdaj `k gdatrfttk pubbckgk sk fppckgfad cj rjhdcj sjhujatk5

f) cj `dnfa`j `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj pdssdad jssjrj prjsjatftj, f sgjctf `jcc'dpjrf-tdrj jgdadnkgd, pjr tjcjldad, dvvjrd pjr ksgrkttd nj`kfatj cjttjrf, tjcjhrfnnf, tjcjx,lfx9

b) cj `dnfa`j `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj prjsjatftj pjr tjcjldad `jvdad jssjrj gdaljr-nftj, prknf `jccf sgf`jazf `jc tjrnkaj prjvkstd pjr cf cdrd rkgjzkdaj, pjr ksgrkttdnj`kfatj cjttjrf, tjcjhrfnnf, tjcjx, lfx9

g) cj `dnfa`j `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj pdssdad jssjrj prjsjatftj pjr vkf jcjttrdakgf,gda cj nd`fcktí stfbkcktj `fc prjsjatj frtkgdcd, sdcd sj gdasjatktd `fccj stfzkdak fppfc-tfatk9

`) cj stfzkdak fppfctfatk pdssdad jskhjrj goj cj `dnfa`j `k pfrtjgkpfzkdaj prj-sjatftj nj`kfatj tjcjx d nj`kfatj lfx skfad gdaljrnftj pjr pdstf d pjr vkf jcjttrd-akgf. Ka tfc gfsd, jssj ka`kgfad ajc bfa`d `k hfrf tfcj jskhjazf j kc tjrnkaj jatrd kcqufcj `jvj jssjrj sd``kslfttf.

(6) Gdnnf nd`klkgftd `fcc'frtkgdcd 7 `jc @.Chs. 2< hjaafkd 2==8 a. <.

?.<.2.2.- Hkurkspru`jazf adtjvdcj





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


Fk lkak `jccf cjhkttknf pfrtjgkpfzkdaj f` uaf pubbckgf hfrf pjr c'fllk`fnjatd `k ua fppfctd,cf pdckzzf gdatjajatj cf gfuzkdaj prdvvksdrkf hjajrftf ka vkf kaldrnftkgf vf prd`dttfkaldrnftd kaldrnftkgd , sjgda`d cj prjsgrkzkdak `k guk fhck frt. 2= - 22, `.ch. a. ?2 `jc 2==:,dv-vjrd su suppdrtd gfrtfgjd , gda cf prjvkf fttjstfzkdaj `k ua pubbckgd ullkgkfcj fcc'udpd futd-rkzzftd `jccf suf gdaldrnktí fcc'drkhkafcj, fk sjask `jc suggjsskvd frt. 27 gdnnf 2 bks (ajc gf-sd `k spjgkj, ada rksuctfvf goj cf pdckzzf ldssj stftf prjsjatftf ka drkhkafcj, d ka ldrnftd ka-ldrnftkgd, dppurj ka uaf gdpkf rjgfatj c'fttjstfzkdaj `k gdaldrnktí fcc'drkhkafcj f` dpjrf `k ua

pubbckgd ullkgkfcj f gkò futdrkzzftd, gda cf gdagcuskdaj `jccf suf ada gdaldrnktí fk prjsuppd-stk rkgokjstk `fccf cjhhj, ada pdtja`dsk fnnjttjrj goj cf Gdnnksskdaj `k hfrf pdssf fvjrj kcpdtjrj - `dvjrj `k rksgdatrfrj "fb jxtjrad" c'futjatkgktí `jccf pdckzzf d `jccf lkrnf `khktfcj rk-gdrrja`d f gdatrdcck gdnpcjssk).

P.F.R. Gftfazfrd Gfcfbrkf sjz. K =< hkuhad 2=62 a. :7;, ka Ldrd fnn. PFR 2=62, <,2=;? (s.n.)

Fk sjask `jcc'frt. 88 gdnnf <, cjtt. b ) `.ch. 62 fprkcj 2==<, a. 6<7 (gd`kgj `jk gdatrfttkpubbckgk), ajccj hfrj pubbckgojcj dlljrtj pjr vkf tjcjnftkgf pdssdad jssjrj jlljttuftj `fccjknprjsj pfrtjgkpfatk sdcd utkckzzfa`dcf lkrnf jcjttrdakgf `khktfcj , gdnj `jlkaktf j `ksgkpckaf-tf `fc `.ch. a. ?2 `jc 2==:.

P.F.R. Bfrk ]uhckf sjz. K 20 nfhhkd 2=62 a. 6=6;, ka Hkur. njrktd 2=62, 8-?, 6862

Cf sktufzkdaj `k lfttd vjrklkgftfsk ka gdagrjtd j gkdï cf stkpucfzkdaj `jc gdatrfttd `k lk`jkus-skdaj pjr vkf tjcjnftkgf gda gdasjhujatj lkrnf `khktfcj `jc lk`jkussdrj j trfsnksskdaj ka fc-cjhftd fcc'dlljrtf `jccf gdpkf gfrtfgjf `jccd stjssd sjazf goj cf lkrnf `jc hfrfatj, fppdstfpjr vkf tjcjnftkgf j quka`k sjazf sdttdsgrkzkdaj `jc gfrtfgjd, rksuctfssj futjatkgftf `f pub-bckgd ullkgkfcj ada sk può fssknkcfrj f` uaf kpdtjsk `k kajskstjazf `jc gdatrfttd `k lk`jkusskdaj.Kalfttk,kc gdatrfttd jskstj `fc ndnjatd `jc pjrljzkdafnjatd `jcc'fggdr`d gda c'fppdskzkdaj`jccf lkrnf ka vkf `khktfcj j ajnnjad `fhck frtt. 27 2:, `.ch. a. ?2 `jc 2==: sk può ka qufcgojnd`d kaljrkrj c'kajskstjazf `jc gdatrfttd lkrnftd ka vkf `khktfcj nf rkprd`dttd su gfrtf sjazfc'futjatkgf `jccf lkrnf `khktfcj.

P.F.R. Prkjstj Lrkuck \jajzkf Hkuckf sjz. K 6: `kgjnbrj 2=66 a. :<0

Ajccf suf audvf ldrnucfzkdaj, c'frt. 27, `.ch. a. ?2 `jc 2==: fttrkbuksgj fccjgdpkj susuppdrtd fafcdhkgd `k ua `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd cf stjssf jllkgfgkf prdbftdrkf `jcc'drkhk-afcj `f guk sdad trfttj fccdrgoë jssj skfadgdaldrnk fccj vkhjatk rjhdcj tjgakgojj ada skfadjsprjssfnjatj `ksgdadsgkutj 9 kalfttk "cj gdpkj j hck jstrfttk su suppdrtd fafcdhkgd `jc `d-gunjatd kaldrnftkgd, gdaldrnk fccj vkhjatk rjhdcj tjgakgoj, ofaad cf stjssf jllkgfgkf prdbftd-rkf `jcc'drkhkafcj sj cf cdrd gdaldrnktí ada ï jsprjssfnjatj `ksgdadsgkutf.

P.F.R. Gftfakf Wkgkckf sjz. K 7 advjnbrj 2=66 a. 2:?? ka Ldrd fnn. PFR 2=66, 66,782< (s.n.)

Ajc gfsd ka guk c'knprjsf gdagdrrjatj fccf hfrf pjr c'fllk`fnjatd `k ua fppfctd `k cfvdrkpubbckgk, `jgk`f `k fvvfcjrsk `jccf pdsskbkcktí `k prdùrrj uaf hfrfazkf prdvvksdrkf ka ldrnftd`khktfcj, jssf ï gdasjhujatjnjatj tjautf f` dssjrvfrj tuttj cj rjhdcj goj stfaad f prjsk`kd`k tfcj nd`fcktí `dgunjatfcj sjgda`d kc `.ch. 8 nfrzd 2==: a. ?2, trf guk qujccf goj gdasjatj`k sgjhckjrjtrf ùj dpzkdak lkssftj `krjttfnjatj `fccf cjhhj5 dcf `krjttf prdùzkdaj `jc`dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd (rjhkstrftd su suppdrtd kaldrnftkgd, ada gfrtfgjd, glr. frt. 2=, `.ch. a.?2 `jc 2==:),dvvjrd cf prdùzkdaj `k gdpkf su suppdrtd gfrtfgjd `jccd stjssd, qufa-tuaquj sdttdsgrkttd gda lkrnf `khktfcj , cf qufcj sdstktuksgj f` dhak jlljttd c'drkhkafcj `f gukï trfttd sj cf sufgdaldrnktí fcc'drkhkafcj ka tuttj cj suj gdnpdajatk ï fttjstftf `f ua pubbck-gd ullkgkfcj f gkò futdrkzzftd (frt. 27 gdnnf 2 bks, `.ch. a. ?2 `jc 2==:), gda ua'futjatkgfzkd-aj goj ada ï surrdhfbkcj `f fctrj nd`fcktí, kvk gdnprjsf c'fppdskzkdaj `k lkrnj futdhrflj suc`dgunjatd.

P.F.R. ]fcjrnd Wkgkckf sjz. KKK 2< dttdbrj 2=6= a. 67:<0 ka Ldrd fnn. PFR 2=6=,6=, 778: (s.n.)





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


Fk lkak `jccf cjhkttknf pfrtjgkpfzkdaj f` uaf pubbckgf hfrf pjr c'fllk`fnjatd `k ua fppfctd,cf pdckzzf hjajrftf ka vkf kaldrnftkgf j sdttdsgrkttf `fccj pfrtk gda "lkrnf `khktfcj" d "lkrnfjcjttrdakgf qufcklkgftf", gdatjajatj cf gfuzkdaj prdvvksdrkf,d vkjaj prd`dttf ka ldrnftd ka-ldrnftkgd, dsskf ka drkhkafcj, sjgda`d cj prjsgrkzkdak `k guk fhck frt. 2=-22, `.ch. 8 nfrzd2==: a. ?2,dvvjrd può jssjrj prd`dttf su suppdrtd gfrtfgjd ajgjssfrkfnjatj gdac'fttjstfzkdaj `k ua pubbckgd ullkgkfcj fcc'udpd futdrkzzftd `jccf suf gdaldrnktí fcc'drkhk-afcj sjgda`d cj prjsgrkzkdak `k guk fcc'frt. 27 gdnnf 2 bks `jc nj`jsknd `jgrjtd, ada jssja-

`d sullkgkjatj cf sjnpckgj gdpkf su `dgunjatd gfrtfgjd, `jrkvfa`d `krjttfnjatj tfcj dbbckhd`fccd sgojnf `k pdckzzf tkpd (6.6) fpprdvftd `fc Nkakstjrd `jccj fttkvktí prdùttkvj gda `.n. 62nfrzd 2==0 a. 627, guk rkavkf cf "cjx spjgkfcks".

P.F.R. ]fcjrnd Wkgkckf sjz. KKK 22 dttdbrj 2=6= a. 67==2 ka Ldrd fnn. PFR 2=6=,6=, 7787 (s.n.)

Fk lkak `jccf cjhkttknf pfrtjgkpfzkdaj f` uaf hfrf pjr c'fllk`fnjatd `k ua fppfctd `k cfvdrkpubbckgk, cf pdckzzf gdatjajatjcf gfuzkdaj prdvvksdrkf hjajrftf ka vkf kaldrnftkgf vfprd`dttf ka ldrnftd kaldrnftkgd , sjgda`d cj prjsgrkzkdak `k guk fhck frtt. 2=-22, `.ch. 8 nfr-zd 2==: a. ?2,dvvjrd jssf `jvj jssjrj prd`dttf su suppdrtd gfrtfgjd gda cf prjvkf ft-tjstfzkdaj `k ua pubbckgd ullkgkfcj fcc'udpd futdrkzzftd `jccf suf gdaldrnktí fcc'drkhkafcj (frt.27 gdnnf 2 bks, `.ch. a. ?2 `jc 2==:), ada pdtja`d lfrsk rkgdrsd fccf `ksgkpckaf `jccf rjhdcf-rkzzfzkdaj, trfttfa`dsk ada sdcd `k rjhdcfrkzzfrj ua `ftd nfagfatj, nf `k katjhrfrj ua `dgu-njatd prkvd `k ua rjquksktd jssjazkfcj ajgjssfrkd fc lkaj `k hfrfatkraj cf prdvjakjazf j c'fu-tjatkgktí `jccf pdckzzf lk`jkussdrkf.

P.F.R. ]fcjrnd Wkgkckf sjz. KKK =: fhdstd 2=6= a. ;2== ka Ldrd fnn. PFR 2=6=, 8-?,2<87 (s.n.)

Ka tjnf `k fllk`fnjatd `k fppfctk pubbckgk, cf pdsskbkcktí `k prdùrrj `dgunjatk `k hfrf kaldrnftd `khktfcj ada ï subdr`kaftf fccf prjvkskdaj ka tfc sjasd rjgftf `fc bfa`d d `fc `ksgkpck-afrj `k hfrf, fagoj pjrgoë c'frt. 88, `.ch. 62 fprkcj 2==< a. 6<7, sk rkljrksgj uakgfnjatj fccj"gdnuakgfzkdak" j` fhck "sgfnbk `k kaldrnfzkdak" j ada hkí f` dhak fctrd `dgunjatd `f prd-ùrsk ka sj`j `k hfrf, gda cj tjgakgoj j cj nd`fcktí stfbkcktj `fc gd`kgj `jcc'fnnkakstrfzkdaj`khktfcj `k guk fc `.ch. 8 nfrzd 2==: a. ?2.

P.F.R. ]fcjrnd Wkgkckf sjz. KKK < nfhhkd 2=6= a. <0<6 ka Ldrd fnn. PFR 2=6=, :,6?:7 (s.n.)

Ajhck fppfctk `k dpjrj pubbckgoj, c'knprjsf pfrtjgkpfatj `jvj jssjrjjsgcusf `fccf hfrfcf``dvj prdùgfgdpkf `jccf pdckzzf lk`jkussdrkf, gdatjajatj cf gfuzkdaj rkcfsgkftf `f uafsdgkjtí `k fsskgurfzkdaj,ada ka ldrnftd kaldrnftkgd dvvjrd sj cf gdpkf stjssfada rjgokc'fttjstfzkdaj `k gdaldrnktí fcc'drkhkafcj f dpjrf `k ua pubbckgd ullkgkfcj f gkò futdrkzzftd.Cf gdnnksskdaj `k hfrf ada of kc pdtjrj `k rksgdatrfrj "fb jxtjrad" c'futjatkgktí `jccf pdckzzfd `jccf lkrnf `khktfcj rkgdrrja`d f gdatrdcck gdnpcjssk, tfatd pkû sj jssk `jbbfad jssjrj gda-`dttk lfgja`d rkljrknjatd f sdhhjttk tjrzk fvjatk afturf prkvftf.

P.F.R. ]fcjrnd Wkgkckf sjz. KKK 62 fprkcj 2=6= a. 0;7: ka Huk`f fc `krkttd 2=6=, 27, ?<(s.n.) (adtf `k5 Gfstrd)

Fk lkak `jccf cjhkttknf pfrtjgkpfzkdaj f` uaf hfrf pjr c'fllk`fnjatd `k ua fppfctd `k cfvdrkpubbckgk5 d cf pdckzzf gdatjajatj cf gfuzkdaj prdvvksdrkf hjajrftf ka vkf kaldrnftkgf vkjajprd`dttf ka ldrnftd kaldrnftkgd, sjgda`d cj prjsgrkzkdak `k guk fhck frt. 2=-22, `.ch. 8 nfrzd2==: a. ?2, dvvjrd jssf `jvj jssjrj prd`dttf su suppdrtd gfrtfgjd gda cf prjvkf fttjstfzkd-aj `k ua pubbckgd ullkgkfcj fcc'udpd futdrkzzftd `jccf suf gdaldrnktí fcc'drkhkafcj (frt. 27 gdn-nf 2 bks, `.ch. a. ?2 `jc 2==:).

P.F.R. ]fcjrnd Wkgkckf sjz. KKK 62 fprkcj 2=6= a. 0;7: ka Ldrd fnn. PFR 2=6=, 0,60?2 (s.n.)

?.<.7.- Kc –Lrdatjspkzkd `khktfcj„ `k Jquktfckf





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


Kc sjrvkzkd Lrdatjspkzkd @khktfcj gdasjatj fcc‛jatj `k fppdrrj kc vkstd `k jsjgutdrkjtí suk rudck `k prdprkf gdnpjtjazf ft-trfvjrsd ua prdgjssd `k lkrnf `khktfcj.

Kc prdgjssd ̀ k lkrnf ̀ khktfcj ̀ jk rudck hfrfatksgj5- kc vfcdrj cjhfcj fc `dgunjatd –Lrdatjspkzkd `jk rudck„ - c‛katjhrktí j c‛futjatkgktí ̀ jc ̀ dgunjatd Gjrtklkgf5- cf `ftf `jc vkstd `k jsjgutdrkjtí- c‛kavkd j c‛fvvjautf rkgjzkdaj `jc `dgunjatd `f pfrtj `jcc‛jatj ajk tjnpk j ajk nd`k prjvkstk `fccf adrnftkvf vk

(@jgrjtd Nkakstjrkfcj 726/;;).

C‛fppdskzkdaj `jccf lkrnf `khktfcj fttkvf futdnftkgfnjatj cj lfsk suggjsskvj `k gdasjhaf `jk rudck vkstftk fhck Fhjatk`jccf rksgdsskdaj (F`R) gdnpjtjatk. ]jr lfgkcktfrj c‛utkckzzd `jc sjrvkzkd, Jquktfckf Wjrvkzk ldraksgj skf cj lkskf cjgfsjccj ̀ k ]dstf Jcjttrdakgf Gjrtklkgftf (]JG).

?.<.0.- ]drtfcj `jccf trfspfrjazf

]rdtdgdccd trf cf Gk\KP j cf @khkt]F, pjr hfrfatkrj, fk sjask `jcc‛frt. 67, gdnnf <, cjtt. a), `jc `jgrjtd cjhkscft `jc 2==;, cf trfspfrjazf `jcc‛fzkdaj fnnkakstrftkvf.

?.<.:.- Kavkd tjcjnftkgd `jk gjrtklkgftk `k Bkcfagkd `k ]rjvkskdaj 2=62

Adrnj `k rkljrknjatd5- @. Chs. 60 nfrzd 2=66, a.27 (ka Hfzz. Zll., 27 nfrzd 2=66, a. <8). - @kspdskzkdak ka nftjrkf `k lj`jrfcks

cj Nuakgkpfcj,- @JGRJPD @JC NKAKWPJRD @JCC'KAPJRAD 6< nfrzd 2=62 (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd a. :2 fccf Hfzz

2=62, a. 8=). - Nd`fcktf' rjcftkvj fccj gjrtklkgfzkdak gdagjrajatk kc bkcfagkd `k prjvkskdaj 2=62 `jccj fnprdvkagkfck, `jk gdnuak, `jccj gdnuaktf' ndatfaj j `jccj uakdak `k gdnuak.

Kavkd nj`kfatj ]JG ̀ jk gjrtklkgftk

?.<.<.- Cf advktí `ftf `fc –@jgrjtd Grjsgktf„

@JGRJPD-CJHHJ 6? dttdbrj 2=62, a. 68; Zctjrkdrk nksurj urhjatk pjr cf grjsgktf `jc ]fjsj. (62H=2=6) (HZ`jc 6;-6=-2=62 -Wuppc. Dr`kafrkd a. 6;0 ) –

Wk rkpdrtf ka qujstf cf strutturf `jcc‛frtkgdcftd fc lkaj `k gdnpkjrj uaf pfadrfnkgf succj kaadvfzkdak jatrftj ka vkhdrj kc2= dttdbrj sgdrsd.

WJUKDAJ K

FHJA@F J K@JAPKPF‛@KHKPFCJ Frt 6 Fttufzkdaj `jcc‛Fhja`f `khktfcj ktfckfaf j `dgunjatd `khktfcj uaklkgftd Gfrtf `k k`jatktí j tjssjrf sfaktfrkf gdalcuksgdad ka ua uakgd `dgunjatd, dbbckhftdrkd j hrftuktd

Frt 2 Fafhrflj afzkdafcj `jccf pdpdcfzkdaj rjsk`jatjK rjhkstrk fafhrflkgk `jk gdnuak gdalcuksgdad ka uaf bfagf `ftk uakgf, fccf qufcj fttkahjrfaad tuttj cj pubbc

akstrfzkdak. Cj gdnuakgfzkdak rjcftkvj pdssdad jssjrj jlljttuftj `fccj strutturj sfaktfrkj fagoj jsgcuskvfnjatj ka vcjnftkgf.

Frt 7 Gjasknjatd gdatkaud `jccf pdpdcfzkdaj j `jccj fbktfzkdak j Frgokvkd afzkdafcj `jccj strf`j j `jkaunjrk gkvkgk





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


Frt 0 @dnkgkckd `khktfcj `jc gkttf`kadKc gkttf`kad ka`kgf fccf ]F ua ka`krkzzd ]JG gdnj `dnkgkckd `khktfcj, goj vkjaj kasjrktd ajcc‛FA]R j fttrfvjrsd kc qu

jsgcuskvfnjatj `kfcdhf gda cf ]F

Frt: ]dstf jcjttrdakgf gjrtklkgftf - ka`kgj afzkdafcj `jhck ka`krkzzk `jccj knprjsj j `jk prdljsskdakstkC‛dbbckhd `k ]JG vkjaj jstjsd fccj knprjsj ka`kvk`ufck, `dpd cj sdgkjtí j k prdljsskdakstk, f pfrtkrj `fc 76/62/2=67.

WJUKDAJ KKFNNKAKWPRFUKDAJ @KHKPFCJ J @FPK @K PK]D F]JRPD

Frt <Prfsnksskdaj `k `dgunjatk pjr vkf tjcjnftkgf , gdatrfttk `jccf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj jgdasjrvfzkdaj `jhck fttk adtfrkck6. Fc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 8 nfrzd 2==:, a. ?2, sdad fppdrtftj cj sjhujatk nd`klkgfzkdak5f) fcc‛frtkgdcd 08, `dpd kc gdnnf 67?, ï kasjrktd kc sjhujatj5 «6-bks. C‛kadssjrvfazf `jccf `kspdskzkdaj `k guk fc gdnnf

6, ljrnf rjstfa`d c‛jvjatufcj rjspdasfbkcktí pjr `faad jrfrkfcj, gdnpdrtf rjspdasfbkcktí `krkhjazkfcj j rjspdasfbkcktí`ksgkpckafrj¹.b) fcc‛frtkgdcd <:7; , `dpd kc gdnnf 6-bks), ï kasjrktd kc sjhujatj5 «6-tjr. Kc nfagftd fvvkd `jc prdgj`knjatd `f pfrtj

tktdcfrj `jcc‛ullkgkd gdnpjtjatj f sjhuktd `k kstfazf d `kgokfrfzkdaj kavkftj fk sjask j gda cj nd`fcktí `k guk fc gdnnf cjttjrj f), g) j g-bks), gdnpdrtf rjspdasfbkcktí `krkhjazkfcj j rjspdasfbkcktí `ksgkpckafrj `jccd stjssd¹.

Frt. 8 Prfsnksskdaj tjcjnftkgf `jccj gjrtklkgfzkdak `k nfcfttkf ajc sjttdrj pubbckgd

Frt ? Nksurj pjr c‛kaadvfzkdaj `jk skstjnk `k trfspdrtd Jnksskdaj `k bkhckjttk pjr trfspdrtd pubbckgd ka ldrnf jcjttrdakgf

Frt ; @ftk `k tkpd fpjrtd j kagcuskdaj `khktfcj@jlkakzkdaj ̀ k –`ftd fpjrtd„ sdttd trj prdlkck5 tjgadcdhkgf,jgdadnkgf j cjhfcj.Rjhdcfnjatk suc rkusd `jc sdltwfrj]rjsgrkzkdaj `k `kspdskzkdak pjr lfvdrkrj c‛fggjssd fk `ksfbkck, gda prjvkskdaj `k rjspdasfbkcktí `krkhjazkff-

rj ka gfsd `k sjhafcfzkdaj `k kaf`jnpknjatd.

WJUKDAJ KKKFHJA@F @KHKPFCJ ]JRC‛KWPRZUKDAJ

Frt.6= Fafhrflj afzkdafcj `jhck stu`jatk j fctrj nksurj ka nftjrkf sgdcfstkgfFrt. 66 Ckbrk j gjatrk sgdcfstkgk `khktfckWJUKDAJ K\WFAKPF‛ @KHKPFCJ Frt. 62 Lfsgkgdcd sfaktfrkd jcjttrdakgd j skstjnk `k sdrvjhckfazf ajc sjttdrj sfaktfrkd2:Frt. 67 ]rjsgrkzkdaj nj`kgf j gfrtjccf gckakgf `khktfcj

WJUKDAJ \

7? 6. Cj gdnuakgfzkdak `k `dgunjatk trf cj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak fvvjahdad Y`k adrnf^ nj`kfatj c'utkckzzd `jccf pdsd ka gddpjrfzkdaj fppckgftkvf9 jssj sdad vfck`j fk lkak `jc prdgj`knjatd fnnkakstrftkvd uaf vdctf goj aj skf vjrklkgftf cf zf (6).

7; Frt.<: Kstfazj j `kgokfrfzkdak prjsjatftj fccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak pjr vkf tjcjnftkgf





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


FUUJRFNJAPD @JC @K\FRKD @KHKPFCJ J NDAJPF JCJPPRDAKGFFrt. 60 Katjrvjatk pjr cf `klluskdaj `jccj tjgadcdhkj `khktfck

Frt. 6: ]fhfnjatk jcjttrdakgk@klluskdaj `jk gd`kgk KBFA pjr k pfhfnjatk j utkckzzd `k Bfagdnft j gfrtj `k grj`ktd.@fc 6½ hjaafkd 2=60 tuttk gdcdrd goj vja`dad prd`dttk d prjstfad sjrvkzk `jvdad dllrkrj cf pdsskbkcktí `k u

nd`fcktí `k pfhfnjatd.

WJUKDAJ \KHKZWPKUKF @KHKPFCJFrt. 6< Bkhckjttk ̀ k gfagjccjrkf, gdnuakgfzkdak j adtklkgfzkdak pjr vkf tjcjnftkgf

Frt. 68 Nd`klkgoj fccf cjhhj lfccknjatfrj j fc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd ? cuhckd 6;;;, a 28=Frt6? Nd`klkgfzkdak fccj cjhhj 28 hjaafkd 2=62, a 7

WJUKDAJ \KKRKGJRGF, KAAD\FUKDAJ J GDNZAKPF‛ KAPJCCKHJAPK Frt 6; Hrfa`k prdhjttk `k rkgjrgf j kaadvfzkdaj j fppfctk prjgdnnjrgkfckFrt2= Gdnuaktí katjcckhjatk

WJUKDAJ \KKKFWWKGZRFUKDAK, NZPZFCKPF‛ J NJRGFPD LKAFAUKFRKD Frt26Nksurj pjr c‛ka`kvkùfzkdaj j` kc gdatrfstd `jccj lrd`k fsskgurftkvj Frt 22 Nksurj f lfvdrj `jccf gdagdrrjazf j `jccf tutjcf `jc gdasunftdrj ajc njrgftd fsskgurftkvdFrt 27 Nksurj pjr c'ksgrkzkdaj fc Rjhkstrd `jccj Knprjsj j uctjrkdrk nksurj pjr cj sdgkjtí `k nutudsdggdrsdFrt 20 @kspdskzkdak fttuftkvj `jc Rjhdcfnjatd ZJ A 27</2=62 `jc ]frcfnjatd jurdpjd j `jc Gdaskhckd`jc 60 nfrzd 2=62WJUKDAJ K_NKWZRJ ]JR CF AFWGKPF J CD W\KCZ]]D @K KN]RJWJ WPFRP-Z] KAAD\FPK\JFrt 2: Wtfrt-up kaadvftkvf j kagubftdrj gjrtklkgftd5 lkafcktí, `jlkakzkdaj j pubbckgktíFrt 2< @jrdhf fc `krkttd sdgkjtfrkd j rkùzkdaj `jhck dajrk pjr c‛fvvkdFrt 28 Rjnuajrfzkdaj gda strunjatk lkafazkfrk `jccf stfrt-up kaadvftkvf j `jcc‛kagubftdrj gjrtklkgftdFrt2? @kspdskzkdak ka nftjrkf `k rfppdrtd `k cfvdrd subdr`kaftd ka stfrt-up kaadvftkvj

Frt 2; Kagjatkvk fcc‛kavjstknjatd ka stfrt-up kaadvftkvjFrt 7= Rfggdctf `k gfpktfck `k rksgokd trfnktj pdrtfck da ckaj j fctrk katjrvjatk `k sdstjhad pjr cj stfrt-upkaadvftkvjFrt 76 Gdnpdskzkdaj j hjstkdaj `jccf grksk ajcc‛knprjsf stfrt-up kaadvftkvf, `jgf`jazf `jk rjquksktk jfttkvktí ̀ k gdatrdccdFrt 72 ]ubbckgktí j vfcutfzkdaj `jcc‛knpfttd `jccj nksurjWJUKDAJ _ZCPJRKDRK NKWZRJ ]JR CF GRJWGKPF @JC ]FJWJFrt 77 @kspdskzkdak pjr kagjatkvfrj cf rjfckzzfzkdaj `k audvj kalrfstrutturjFrt 70 Nksurj urhjatk pjr cj fttkvktí prdùttkvj, cj kalrfstrutturj j k trfspdrtk, j k sjrvkzk pubbckgk cdgfck

Frt 7: @jsi Ktfckf ‗ Wpdrtjccd Zakgd Fttrfzkdaj Kavjstknjatk JstjrkFrt 7< Nksurj ka nftjrkf `k gdalk`k, strunjatk `k lkafazkfnjatd j rjtk `‛knprjsf Frt 78 Lkafazkfnjatd `jccj fhjvdcfzkdak ka lfvdrj `jccj knprjsj `jccj Udaj Lrfagoj Zrbfaj rkgf`jatk





1 Fpprdlda`knjatk 1


ajcc'Dbkjttkvd GdavjrhjazfFrt 7? @kspdskzkdak lkafazkfrkj

?.<.8.- Cj rjspdasfbkcktí kajrjatk fcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj

?.<.8.6.- Rjspdasfbkcktí `krkhjazkfcj@kvjrsj sdad cj `kspdskzkdak goj kasjrksgdad trf k pfrfnjtrk `k vfcutfzkdaj `jc rja`knjatd cfvdrftkvd c‛f`dzkdaj `jccj

nksurj gdagjrajatk c‛Fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj.Gdavkjaj quk rkuakrj cj `kvjrsj kpdtjsk sdprf njazkdaftj5(6) frt. 62 g. 6 tjr «K `krkhjatk rkspda`dad `jcc'dssjrvfazf j` fttufzkdaj `jccj `kspdskzkdak `k guk fc prjsjatj

fk sjask j ajk cknktk `jhck frtkgdck 26 j :: `jc `jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 7= nfrzd 2==6, a. 6<:, ljrnj rjstfa`d cjtufck rjspdasfbkcktí pjafck, gkvkck j gdatfbkck prjvkstj `fccj adrnj vkhjatk. C'fttufzkdaj `jccj `kspdskzsjatj `jgrjtd j' gdnuaquj rkcjvfatj fk lkak `jccf nksurfzkdaj j vfcutfzkdaj `jccf pjrldrnfagj drhfakzzftkvf jka`kvk`ufcj `jk `krkhjatk¹ katrd`dttd `fc @. Chs. 27:/2=6=

(2) frt. :8 bks g. 7 «Cj fnnkakstrfzkdak fhhkdrafad hck ka`krkzzk j k gdatjautk `jcc'ka`kgj tjnpjstkvfnjatj j ggda gf`jazf fcnjad sjnjstrfcj sjgda`d cj ka`kgfzkdak `k @khkt]F. Cf nfagftf gdnuakgfzkdaj `jhck jcjnjaajgjssfrk fc gdnpcjtfnjatd `jcc'ka`kgj j `jc cdrd fhhkdrafnjatd j' vfcutftf fk lkak `jccf rjspdasfbkcktf' `krkhcj j `jcc'fttrkbuzkdaj `jccf rjtrkbuzkdaj `k rksuctftd fk `krkhjatk rjspdasfbkck¹ katrd`dttd `fc @.C. :/2=62

(7) frt. 08 g. 6 bks5 «C‛kadssjrvfazf `jccf `kspdskzkdaj `k guk fc gdnnf 60=, ljrnf rjstfa`d c‛jvjatufcj rjspdasfbkck-tí pjr `faad jrfrkfcj, gdnpdrtf rjspdasfbkcktí `krkhjazkfcj j rjspdasfbkcktí `ksgkpckafrj¹, katrd`dttd `fc68;/2=62

(0) frt. <: g. 6-tjr5 «Kc nfagftd fvvkd `jc prdgj`knjatd `f pfrtj `jc tktdcfrj `jcc‛ullkgkd gdnpjtjatj f sjhuktd `k ksa-zf d `kgokfrfzkdaj kavkftj fk sjask j gda cj nd`fcktí `k guk fc gdnnf 6, cjttjrj f), g) j g-bks), gdnpdrtf rjssfbkcktí `krkhjazkfcj j rjspdasfbkcktí `ksgkpckafrj `jccd stjssd¹, katrd`dttd `fc @.C. 68;/2=62

(:) frt. :2 g. 05 «Cj fttkvktí vdctj f hfrfatkrj c‛fggjssd tjcjnftkgd j kc rkutkckzzd `jk `ftk `jccj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkd-ak rkjatrfad trf k pfrfnjtrk `k vfcutfzkdaj `jccf pjrldrnfagj `krkhjazkfcj fk sjask `jcc‛frtkgdcd 66, gdnnf`jgrjtd cjhkscftkvd 28 dttdbrj 2==;, a. 6:=.

?.<.8.2.- Rjftk (`fccf Gdavjazkdaj `k Bu`fpjst `jc 2==6 rjgjpktf gda C. 0?/2==?)

Wk rkpdrtfad `k sjhuktd cj lkhurj grknkadsj katrd`dttj pjr tutjcfrj kc `dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd j cj lkrnj jcjttrdaCjhhj 6? nfrzd 2==? a.0? (ka Wuppc. dr`kafrkd a. 8; fccf Hfzz. Zll., 0 fprkcj, a. ?=). - Rftklkgf j` jsjguzkdaj `jvjazkdaj `jc Gdaskhckd `'Jurdpf succf grknkafcktf' kaldrnftkgf, lfttf f Bu`fpjst kc 27 advjnbrj 2==6, j adrnj hufnjatd `jcc'dr`kafnjatd katjrad

Frt. 0;:-bks G]Lfcsf `kgokfrfzkdaj d fttjstfzkdaj fc gjrtklkgftdrj `k lkrnf jcjttrdakgf succ‛k`jatktí d su

qufcktí pjrsdafck prdprkj d `k fctrk

Gokuaquj `kgokfrf d fttjstf lfcsfnjatj fc sdhhjttd goj prjstf sjrvkzk `k gjrtklkgfzkdaj`jccj lkrnj jcjttrdakgoj c‛k`jatktí d cd stftd d fctrj qufcktí `jccf prdprkf d `jcc‛fctruk pjrsdaf ïpuaktd gda cf rjgcuskdaj lkad f` ua faad

Frt. <7:-tjr G]@faajhhkfnjatd `k kaldrnfzkdak, `ftk j prdhrfnnk kaldrnftkgk utkckzzftk `fccd Wtftd d `f

fctrd jatj pubbckgd d gdnuaquj `k pubbckgf utkcktí

0= 6. Cj gdnuakgfzkdak `k `dgunjatk trf cj pubbckgoj fnnkakstrfzkdak fvvjahdad Y`k adrnf^ nj`kfatj c'utkckzzd `jccf pdsd ka gddpjrfzkdaj fppckgftkvf9 jssj sdad vfck`j fk lkak `jc prdgj`knjatd fnnkakstrftkvd uaf vdctf goj aj skf vjrklkgftf cf zf (6).





1 ]rkagkpfck rkljrknjatk 1

Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt := / :2

Wfcvd goj kc lfttd gdstktuksgf pkû hrfvj rjftd, gokuaquj gdnnjttj ua lfttd `krjttd f `k-struhhjrj, `jtjrkdrfrj, gfagjccfrj, fctjrfrj d sdpprknjrj kaldrnfzkdak, `ftk d prdhrfnnk ka-ldrnftkgk utkckzzftk `fccd Wtftd d `f fctrd jatj pubbckgd d f` jssk pjrtkajatk, d gdnuaquj `kpubbckgf utkcktí, ï puaktd gda cf rjgcuskdaj `f uad f qufttrd faak.

Wj `fc lfttd `jrkvfcf `kstruzkdaj, kc `jtjrkdrfnjatd, cf gfagjccfzkdaj, c‛fctjrfzkdaj d cfsdpprjsskdaj `jccj kaldrnfzkdak, `jk `ftk d `jk prdhrfnnk kaldrnftkgk, cf pjaf ï `jccf rjgcu-skdaj `f trj f dttd faak.

Wj rkgdrrj cf gkrgdstfazf `k guk fc aunjrd 6) `jc sjgda`d gdnnf `jcc‛frtkgdcd <7: dvvjrdsj kc lfttd ï gdnnjssdgda fbusd `jccf qufcktí `k dpjrftdrj `jc skstjnf , cf pjaf ï fu-njatftf.

Frt. <7:-quftjr G]@faajhhkfnjatd `k skstjnk kaldrnftkgk d tjcjnftkgkWfcvd goj kc lfttd gdstktuksgf pkû hrfvj rjftd, gokuaquj, nj`kfatj cj gda`dttj `k guk

fcc‛frtkgdcd <7:-bks, dvvjrd fttrfvjrsd c‛katrd`uzkdaj d cf trfsnksskdaj `k `ftk, kaldrnfzkdak dprdhrfnnk, `kstruhhj, `faajhhkf, rja`j, ka tuttd d ka pfrtj, kasjrvkbkck skstjnk kaldrnftkgk d tj-cjnftkgk fctruk d aj dstfgdcf hrfvjnjatj kc luazkdafnjatd ï puaktd gda cf rjgcuskdaj `f uad f

gkaquj faak.Wj rkgdrrj cf gkrgdstfazf `k guk fc aunjrd 6) `jc sjgda`d gdnnf `jcc‛frtkgdcd <7: dvvjrd

sj kc lfttd ï gdnnjssdgda fbusd `jccf qufcktí `k dpjrftdrj `jc skstjnf , cf pjaf ï fu-njatftf.

Frt. <7:-qukaqukjs G]@faajhhkfnjatd `k skstjnk kaldrnftkgk d tjcjnftkgk `k pubbckgf utkcktíWj kc lfttd `k guk fcc‛frtkgdcd <7:-quftjr ï `krjttd f `kstruhhjrj, `faajhhkfrj, rja`jrj, ka

tuttd d ka pfrtj, kasjrvkbkck skstjnk kaldrnftkgk d tjcjnftkgk `k pubbckgf utkcktí d f` dstfgdcfrajhrfvjnjatj kc luazkdafnjatd, cf pjaf ï `jccf rjgcuskdaj `f uad f qufttrd faak.

Wj `fc lfttd `jrkvf cf `kstruzkdaj d kc `faajhhkfnjatd `jc skstjnf kaldrnftkgd d tjcjnftk-gd `k pubbckgf utkcktí dvvjrd sj qujstd ï rjsd, ka tuttd d ka pfrtj, kasjrvkbkcj, cf pjaf ï `jccfrjgcuskdaj `f trj f dttd faak.

Wj rkgdrrj cf gkrgdstfazf `k guk fc aunjrd 6) `jc sjgda`d gdnnf `jcc‛frtkgdcd <7: dvvjrdsj kc lfttd ï gdnnjssdgda fbusd `jccf qufcktí `k dpjrftdrj `jc skstjnf , cf pjaf ï fu-njatftf¹.

Frt. <0=-qukaqukjs G]Lrd`j kaldrnftkgf `jc sdhhjttd goj prjstf sjrvkzk `k gjrtklkgfzkdaj `k lkrnf jcjttrdakgfKc sdhhjttd goj prjstf sjrvkzk `k gjrtklkgfzkdaj `k lkrnf jcjttrdakgf, kc qufcj, fc lkaj `k prdgu-

rfrj f së d f` fctrk ua kahkustd prdlkttd dvvjrd `k frrjgfrj f` fctrk `faad, vkdcf hck dbbckhok prj-vkstk `fccf cjhhj pjr kc rkcfsgkd `k ua gjrtklkgftd qufcklkgftd, ï puaktd gda cf rjgcuskdaj lkad f trjfaak j gda cf nuctf `f :6 f 6.=72 jurd.

;.- ]rkagkpfck rkljrknjatk

FA@RJX, FCJ_N.,Wjcl-drhfakzkah systjns, Ajw [dri5 Hdr`da fa` Brjfgo Wgkjagj ]ubcksojrs (Wtu`kjs ka Gybjrajtkgs6?) 6;?;.

FPCFA, OJARK, Gdnpcjssktí, `ksdr`kaj j futdgrjfzkdaj `k skhaklkgftd, Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, f gurf `k HkfacugfBdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk `jc sfpjrj) 6;?:.

GFRCKAK, LRFAGD, ]rjlfzkdaj , Katjrajt `rjfns. Frgojtypjs, Nytos, fa` Njtofpodrs (6;;<), trf`dttd `f Ck`kf ]jrrkf,Katjrajt `rjfns5 frgojtkpk, nktk j njtfldrj , f gurf `k Nfri Wtjlki, Rdnf-Pdrkad5 Pjcjgdn Ktfckf ZPJP ckbrjrk(Nj`kfndrldsk) 6;;8.






Pjstd ̀ kspdakbkcj su ckgjazf Grjftkvj Gdnndas - ottp5//grjftkvjgdnndas.drh/ckgjasjs/by-ag-a`/2.:/̀ jj`.kt :6 / :2

GFRAJCZPPK, LRFAGJWGD, vdgj@dgunjatd (tjdrkf nd`jraf) , kaAdvkssknd @khjstd Ktfckfad, vdc. \K, Pdrkad5 ZPJP 6;<=,pp. ?<.

GJRZPK, NFZRD, Cf oybrks `jcc‛daaksgjazf j cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí , Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, f gurf `k HkfacugfBdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk `jc sfpjrj) 6;?:.

GDAPFC@D, FCLDAWD, Cf gdatrfttfzkdaj tjcjnftkgf j cf pubbckgf fnnkakstrfzkdaj, Nfaufcj `k `krkttd `jcc'kaldrnftkgf, fgurf `k @fakjcf \fcjatkad, 2 j`., Afpdck5 J`kzkdak Wgkjatklkgoj Ktfckfaj (Nfaufck9 66) 2=66.

GDWPFAUD, ] FWVZFCJ, Audvj tjgadcdhkj j –ldrnf„ `jcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj (prjsjatfzkdaj `k uaf rkgjrgf), K trj gd`kgk `jccfsdgkjtí `jcc'kaldrnfzkdaj5 fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, gdnuakgfzkdak jcjttrdakgoj, gdatjautk fu`kdvkskvk , f gurf `k]fsqufcj Gdstfazd, Rdbjrtd Ufggfrkf j Hkdvfaaf @j Nkakgd, Pdrkad5 Hkfppkgojcck 2==<.

@'DRCFA@D, JCJAF, ]rdlkck gdstktuzkdafck `jcc‛fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, ka «@krkttd `jcc‛kaldrnfzkdaj j `jcc‛kaldrnftkgf¹(2=66).

@JNDAPJWVZKJZ, GOFRCJW-CDZKW, @j c'jsprkt `js cdkx du `u rfppdrt quj cjs cdkx `dkvjat fvdkr fvjg cf gdastktutkda `jgofquj hduvjrajnjat, cjs ndjurs, cj gcknft, cf rjckhkda, cj gdnnjrgj, &g f qudk c'futjur f fedutj `jsrjgojrgojs aduvjccjs lur cjs cdkx rdnfkajs tdugofat cjs suggjsskdaks, lur cjs cdkx lrfagdksjs, & lur cjs cdkxljd`fcjs , 2 vdcc., Hkajvrf5 gojz Bfrrkccdt & lkcs 680?.

@ZAK, HKD\FAAK, vdgj Fnnkakstrfzkdaj `khktfcj, kaJagkgcdpj`kf `jc @krkttd, vdc. K. Faafck, Nkcfad5 Hkullrï 2==8, pp. 67.

JWW, GOFRCJW, Gdnputjr-nj`kftj` Gdnnuakgftkda fa` Ounfa-Gdnputjr Katjrfgtkda , Poj Bcfgiwjcc huk`j td toj pokcdsdpoy dl gdnputkah fa` kaldrnftkda, f gurf `k Cugkfad Lcdrk`k, Nfc`ja, NF5 Bcfgiwjcc ]ub. (Bcfgiwpokcdsdpoy huk`js) 2==0.

LFBBRKNDAPJWFAD, @. J F. NZAFRK, Kc gdadsgjrj `jc sfpjrj. Gdnpcjssktí j pskgdcdhkf gucturfcj, Cf slk`f `jccfgdnpcjssktí, f gurf `k Hkfacugf Bdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk `jc sfpjrj) 6;?:.

LFWWÒ, HZK@D, Wtdrkf `jccf lkcdsdlkf `jc `krkttd, \dc. KKK. Dttdgjatd j Advjgjatd, 7 vdcc., Rdnf-Bfrk5 Cftjrzf (NfauCftjrzf9 607) 2==6.

HJAPKCK, FZRJCKD, vdgj@dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd (`kr. gkv.), kaJagkgcdpj`kf `jc @krkttd, vdc. Faafck, \, Nkcfad5 Hkullrï 2=62,pp. <2;.

HRFUKDWK, FA@RJF, vdgj@dgunjatd kaldrnftkgd (`kr. prdg. gkv.), kaJagkgcdpj`kf `jc @krkttd, vdc. Faafck, KK-2, Nkcfad5Hkullrï 2==?, pp. 0;6.

EFGDBJCCKKWDC@K, F.N. , Rklcjsskdak succf gdnpcjssktí, ka «Audvf Gkvkctí `jccj Nfggokaj¹, a. 0 (2==<).

CFUUFRD, HKDRHKD, vdgjWkstjnf hkurk`kgd, kaAdvkssknd @khjstd Ktfckfad, vdc. _\KK, Pdrkad5 ZPJP 6;8=, pp. 0:;.

CJ NDKHAJ, E.C.,]rdhjttfzkdaj `jccf gdnpcjssktí j gdnpcjssktí `jccf prdhjttfzkdaj , Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, f gurf `kHkfacugf Bdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk `jc sfpjrj) 6;?:.

CDWFAD, N.H.,@krkttd turbdcjatd, ka «Rkvkstf Katjrafzkdafcj `k Lkcdsdlkf `jc @krkttd¹, a. 7 (2==:).






NFKAUJR, I CFZW, Wystjn5 Fa Katrd`ugtkda td Wystjns Wgkjagj, Poj Bcfgiwjcc huk`j td toj pokcdsdpoy dl gdnputkah fa`kaldrnftkda, f gurf `k Cugkfad Lcdrk`k, Nfc`ja, NF5 Bcfgiwjcc ]ub. (Bcfgiwjcc pokcdsdpoy huk`js) 2==0

ND@ZHAD, LRFAGD, vdgj Wkstjnf hkurk`kgd, kaJagkgcdpj`kf Hkurk`kgf Prjggfakvdc. __K_ Rdnf5 Kstktutd `jccfJagkgcdpj`kf ktfckfaf 6;;7, pp. 6.

NDRKA, J@HFR, Cj vkj `jccf gdnpcjssktí, Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, f gurf `k Hkfacugf Bdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk ̀ jc sfpjrj) 6;?:.

] KFADNDRPFRK, \ KAGJAUD, vdgjGd`kgj (stdrkf), kaJagkgcdpj`kf `jc @krkttd, vdc. \KK, Nkcfad5 Hkullrï 6;<=.

WPDAJ, FCCZGVZÏRJRDWFAAJ, Poj Xfr dl @jskrj fa` Pjgadcdhy. Ft toj Gcdsj dl toj Njgofakgfc Fhj (6;;:), trf`dttd`f R. Wgflk,@jsk`jrkd j tjgadcdhkf5 kc prdbcjnf `jcc'k`jatktí ajcc'jrf `k Katjrajt , Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Katjrzdaj)6;;8.

PJZBAJR, HZAPOJR, Rjgot fcs futdpdkjtksgoj systjn (6;?;), trf`dttd `f F. Cf Wpkaf,Kc `krkttd gdnj skstjnf

futdpdkjtkgd, f gurf `k Fcbjrtd Ljbbrfed j Gfrcd ]jaaksk, Nkcfad5 Hkullrï (]ubbckgfzkdak `jccf Lfg ̍ `khkurkspru`jazf, Zakvjrsktf ̍`k Nfgjrftf. Pjstk j trf`uzkdak9 2) 6;;<.

ZRVZOFRP, F., Gdnpcjxkty , Poj Bcfgiwjcc huk`j td toj pokcdsdpoy dl gdnputkah fa` kaldrnftkda, f gurf `k CugkfadLcdrk`k, Nfc`ja, NF5 Bcfgiwjcc ]ub. (Bcfgiwjcc pokcdsdpoy huk`js) 2==0.

\ DALDJRWPJR, O.,Gkbjrajtkgf j` jpkstjndcdhkf5 stdrkf j prdspjttkvj, Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, f gurf `k HkfacugfBdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk `jc sfpjrj) 6;?:.

UFHRJBJCWI[, HZWPF\D, Kc `krkttd nktj5 cjhhj, `krkttk, hkustkzkf, Pdrkad5 Jkafu`k (Jkafu`k Gdatjnpdrfajf9 60) 6;;2.

UJCJA[, N.,Cf hjstkdaj f tjgadcdhkf supjrkdrj j cf hjstkdaj `jccf tjgadcdhkf supjrkdrj, Cf slk`f `jccf gdnpcjssktí, fgurf `k Hkfacugf Bdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk, Nkcfad5 Ljctrkajcck (Gfnpk `jc sfpjrj, gdccfaf `krjttf `f Bdggok j Nfurd Gjrutk) 6;?:.

12-2013-2014-Amministrazione digitale, documento informatico, firme elettroniche

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