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Dai sistemi embedded ai sistemi ciberfisici Prof. F. Fummi

I moderni sistemi ciberfisici

!   From computer (’60-’80): •  General purpose systems for solution

of general problems

!   To digital control systems (’80-’90): •  Systems dedicated to control and

automation

!   To distributed systems (’90-’00): •  General purpose systems and/or

dedicated systems cooperating through the network

!   To embedded systems (’00-): •  Distributed systems integrated in non-

computing objects and in the environment

!   To cyber-physical systems (’10-): •  Embedded systems integrated with

physical processes

Water and Gas security

Irrigation

Climatic Sensors Lights

Video-Control System

audio/video systems

Domestic Appliances

Windows

HVAC control

CPS: Historical perspective

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CPS: the Horizon2020 view

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CPS: What?

!   Like Hanging Gardens •  fragrant plants in

dry climate

!  Computer systems embedded in a non computer system to provide: •  flexibility •  efficiency and •  features

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CPS: Why?

!  To do: •  specific tasks with limited resources meeting real

time constraints

!  To guarantee: •  safety and reliability even in critical situations

•  no power, no communication, high temperature, …

!  To provide: •  advanced features in several aspects of modern

life

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CPS: Where?

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Cyber Physical Systems (I)

! Physical •  Functional

•  Implements some function in the design

•  Interconnects facilitate physical interactions

!   Cyber •  Computation and

communication implement some function

•  Requires a physical platform to communicate/run

•  Cyber-physical –  Physical with deeply embedded computing and

communication

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Cyber Physical Systems (II)

! Examples •  Medical devices and

systems •  Traffic control •  Avionics •  Electric power control •  Defense systems •  Building control

systems for energy efficiency

•  Tracking of goods •  etc.

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Communication

Why are CPS hard?

!   Crosses interdisciplinary boundaries •  Disciplinary boundaries need to be realigned •  Convergence of system, control, SW and communication

engineering

Software Control Systems

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CPS: Design constraints

!   Size and weight •  Hand-held electronics •  Weight costs money in transportation •  Human body cannot eat desktops

!   Power •  Buttery power instead of AC

!   Harsh environment •  Power fluctuation, RF interferences, heat, vibration,

water, …

!   Safety critical and real time operations !   Low costs

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!   HW architecture alternatives •  for a correct HW/SW trade-off

!   SW design skills •  lots of languages continuously extending

!   HW/SW interaction mechanisms •  O.S., MW, HdS for efficient SW development

!   Network infrastructure •  all ES are now networked embedded systems

!   Computation effort estimation •  theory is important when used in practice

!   Join 3C •  computation, control & communication

!   Human Machine Interface •  effective and efficient graphical applications

!   Cognitive and learning technologies •  definition of decision support systems

CPS: Designer knowledge

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!   Horizon 2020 •  The European Research Framework •  The research roadmap from 2014 to 2020

!   Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies •  Information and Communication Technologies

!   A new generation of components and systems •  ICT 1 – 2014: Smart Cyber-Physical Systems •  ICT 2 – 2014: Smart System Integration •  ICT 4 – 2015: Customised and low power computing •  ICT 23 – 2014: Robotics •  ICT 24 – 2014: Robotics •  ICT 30 – 2015: Internet of Things and Platforms for

Connected Smart Objects

CPS: an Opportunity?

270 M€

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