04 2013 2014 Comunicazione 1 -> molti: DNS (Domain Name System) e nomi a dominio

7/22/2019 04 2013 2014 Comunicazione 1 -> molti: DNS (Domain Name System) e nomi a dominio

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Ybmvirsmtà ficam Utufm fm Yfmbi 2 Fmphrtmoibtk fm Uemibzi cmurmfmedi 2 Mblkrohtmeh Cmurmfmeh --2 Ekoubmehzmkbi 8 -2 okatm (8) >085-2>086

Vistk fmspkbmnmai su ameibzh Erihtmvi Ekookbs - dttp7//erihtmviekookbs.krc/ameibsis/ny-be-bf/>.9/fiif.mt 8 / >6

Ekoubmehzmkbi 8 -2 okatm7 FBU (Fkohmb Bhoi Uystio) i bkom h fkombmk

8.- Prioissh7 fhaah ‑ekoubmehzmkbi‟ haah ‑fmllusmkbi‟.................................................................................................................................... > >.- Mbtrkfuzmkbi ha FBU ............................................................................................................................................................................................ > 5.- Mbtrkfuzmkbi haah prisibti trhtthzmkbi ............................................................................................................................................................ > 6.- Lubzmkbhoibtk fia FBU ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 9.- Mbtirbit ckvirbhbei fiaa”MEHBB ..................................................................................................................................................................... <

9.8.- Mbtrkfuzmkbi cibirhai hm VAF (Vkp Aivia Fkohmb) ................................................................................................................................ 3 9.>.- Ekubtry Ekfi Vkp Aivia Fkohmbs (eeVaf) ............................................................................................................................................... 3 9.5.- Cibirme Vkp Aivia Fkohmbs (cVAF) ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 9.8.- Mbtirbhtmkbhamzif Ekubtry Ekfi Fkohmb Bhois (MFB EE Vaf) ........................................................................................................... 4 9.>.- M bkom h fkombmk cVAF ‑spkbskrif‟ ........................................................................................................................................................ = 9.5.- M prknaiom fia FBU ....................................................................................................................................................................................... =

9.5.8.- FBU bkb cistmtk fhaa”MEHBB .......................................................................................................................................................... = 9.5.>.- Ohalubzmkbhoibtm k ermombhamtà mblkrohtmeh ................................................................................................................................. = 9.5.5.- Mbtirvibtm sua FBU pir illittk fm prkvvifmoibtm cmufmzmhrm ...................................................................................................... 80

<.- Ma prknaioh prmbemphai fim bkom h fkombmk7 ma ‑eynirsquhttmbc‟ .......................................................................................................... 80

3.- îcmstrhzmkbi fim bkom h fkombmk .................................................................................................................................................................. 88 3.8.- îckai ekoubm ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 88 3.>.- îcmstrhzmkbi fm fkombm VAF ‑MV‟ .......................................................................................................................................................... 88 3.5.- îcmstrhzmkbm fm fkombm VAF ‑IY‟ ......................................................................................................................................................... 85

4.- Xuhamlmehzmkbi cmurmfmeh fia bkoi fm fkombmk i okfhamtà fm tutiah ....................................................................................................... 85 4.8.- Bkoi fm fkombmk i tutiah fia bkoi .......................................................................................................................................................... 86 4.>.- Bkoi fm fkombmk i moprish ....................................................................................................................................................................... 86 4.5.- Ah bkzmkbi fm ‑bkoi fm fkombmk‟ ............................................................................................................................................................ 8<

4.5.8.- Mrrmaivhbzh fia bkoi h fkombmk ..................................................................................................................................................... 8< 4.5.>.- Bkoi fm fkombmk hssmomahtk h ub sicbk fmstmbtmvk tmpmek ......................................................................................................... 83

4.5.>.8.- Bkoi fm fkombmk ? mbsicbh ................................................................................................................................................. 83 4.5.>.>.- Bkoi fm fkombmk ? ohredmk ................................................................................................................................................ 84 4.5.>.5.- Bkoi fm fkombmk ekoi struoibtk fm ekbekrribzh saihai ............................................................................................... 84

4.5.5.- Bkoi fm fkombmk ekoi sicbk fmstmbtmvk htmpmek ........................................................................................................................ 84 4.6.- Ah skauzmkbi aicmsahtmvh7 F. Acs. 50/>009 «Ekfmei fiaah prkprmità mbfustrmhaiº ............................................................................. 8= 4.9.- A”heekcamoibtk fh phrti fiaah cmurmsprufibzh ...................................................................................................................................... >0

4.9.8.- Vrmnubhai fm Virhok 85.80.>003 ................................................................................................................................................... >0 4.9.>.- Vrmnubhai Nhrm >5/=/>080................................................................................................................................................................ >0 4.9.5.- Ekrti fm Ehsshzmkbi >6<>0/>080 ................................................................................................................................................... >8

=.- Yatirmkrm rmoifm7 ai prkeifuri fm rmhssicbhzmkbi k OHP ( Ohbfhtkry Hfombmstrhtmvi Prkeiifmbcs) ............................................. >8 80.- (*) Hpprklkbfmoibtm ........................................................................................................................................................................................ >>

80.8.- HBFHAH.MV i ah ‑ohbkomssmkbi‟ fia FBU (Vrmn. Ehcamhrm, krfmbhbzh 84 hprmai >000) ............................................................. >> 80.>.- HÔHBM.MV i ma ‑ekstk fiaah Cmustmzmh‟ ............................................................................................................................................... >>

88.- Prmbempham rmlirmoibtm ...................................................................................................................................................................................... >5

M phrhcrhlm ivmfibzmhtm ekb ma sicbk (*) ekstmtumsekbk ‑Hpprklkbfmoibtk‟ i pirthbtk skbk kccittk fia

prkcrhooh f”ishoi pir cam stufibtm fm Cmurmsprufibzh i Uemibzi cmurmfmedi, bkb pir cam stufibtm fmUemibzi fim Uirvmzm cmurmfmem punnamem i prmvhtm.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/deed.it




2 Prioissh7 fhaah ‑ekoubmehzmkbi‟ haah ‑fmllusmkbi‟ 2

Vistk fmspkbmnmai su ameibzh Erihtmvi Ekookbs - dttp7//erihtmviekookbs.krc/ameibsis/ny-be-bf/>.9/fiif.mt > / >6

8.- Prioissh7 fhaah ‑ekoubmehzmkbi‟ haah ‑fmllusmkbi‟

Fkpk ubh prioissh mbtrkfuttmvh i fkpk hvir trhtthtk ah ‑ekoubmehzmkbi 8 -2 8‟, ä ma okoibtk fm phsshri haah ekoubm-ehzmkbi ‑8 -2 okatm‟, kssmh haah ‑fmllusmkbi‟. Um trhtth fia ‑siekbfk quhfrhbti‟ biaak sedioh mbtrkfuttmvk7

8 okatm

8 Z8_Z8_ Z8_Z>_

okatm Z>_Z8_ Z>_Z>_

Xuisth lkroh fm ekoubmehzmkbi rmcuhrfh fmvirsm struoibtm tiebkakcmem7(8) Ohss oifmh ‑trhfmzmkbham‟ (cmkrbham, rhfmk, V\):

(>) ‑Bukvm‟ oifmh (smtm win, nakc). M prknaiom cmurmfmem edi sm pksskbk mbsirmri mb quisth ehtickrmh skbk m sicuibtm7(8) Ma lubzmkbhoibtk fia FBU i ma suk ‑ekbtrkaak‟:

(>) M bkom h fkombmk, ah tutiah fim tmtkahrm:

(>) ^ispkbshnmamtà fim rispkbshnmam fim smtm win i ah amnirtà fm isprissmkbi su Mbtirbit.Xuistm tiom shrhbbk trhtthtm emhseubk mb ubh fiaai aizmkbm edi sicumrhbbk.

>.- Mbtrkfuzmkbi ha FBU

Um rmpribfkbk mb quisth sifi haeubm ekbeittm svmaupphtm mb prieifibzh.- a”mbtrkfuzmkbi fia prktkekaak VEP/MP: - ubh sizmkbi fiaah ‑sumti‟ VEP, ekopksth fha FBU, Fkohmb Bhoi Uystio:- m fhtm vmhccmhbk mb ‑pheedittm‟ httrhvirsk ah riti, edi ä ekopksth fh ekoputir ekbbissm trh akrk i mfibtmlmehtm fh ub

buoirk, a”mbfmrmzzk MP.

- cam mbfmrmzzm MP pksskbk ekrrmspkbfiri h ub bkoi fm fkombmk.k Bkoi -2 mbfmrmzzk ? «rmskauzmkbiº fm ub mbfmrmzzk:

k Mbfmrmzzk -2 bkoi ? «rmskauzmkbi mbvirshº.- Ah ekrrmspkbfibzh trh mbfmrmzzm MP i bkom h fkombmk ä ekbtibuth bim riekrf , edi skbk smtuhtm bim fkohmb bhois

sirvirs, oh httibzmkbi7k ub mbfmrmzzk MP puþ kspmthri fmvirsm fkombm:k ub fkombk puþ issiri mbfmrmzzhtk h fmvirsm mbfmrmzzm MP

- haeubi fhti7k 8=45, >5 cmucbk7 Phua Okejhpitrms, Gkb Pkstia i Erhmc Phrtrmci mfihbk ma FBU8:k 8=43, hpprkvhzmkbi fia bukvk sthbfhrf, edi ribfi knskaitk quiaak prieifibti>.

5.- Mbtrkfuzmkbi haah prisibti trhtthzmkbi

A”hrckoibtk fim bkom h fkombmk ä pmuttkstk ekopaissk. Mb sksthbzh keekrri hllrkbthri fmvirsm tiom, haeubm fim quhamskbk cmà sthtm mbtrkfkttm biaah aizmkbi prieifibti.

- Fkohmb Bhoi Uystio

k Lubzmkbhoibtk tiebmek

k Prknaiom cmurmfmem

- Hssicbhzmkbi fim bkom h fkombmk fh phrti fiaa”MEHBB

8 P.\. OKEJHPIV^MU, ^LE 4>8. Fkohmb bhois - Ekbeipts hbf lhemamtis7 Mbtirbit Ibcmbiirmbc Vhsj Lkrei, 8=45.> Mf, ^LE 8056. Fkohmb Bhois - Ekbeipt hbf lhemamtis7 Mbtirbit Ibcmbiirmbc Vhsj Lkrei, 8=43: Mf, ^LE 8059. Fkohmb Bhois -Mopaioibthtmkb hbf Upiemlmehtmkb7 Mbtirbit Ibcmbiirmbc Vhsj Lkrei, 8=43.





2 Lubzmkbhoibtk fia FBU 2


k eeVAF

k cVAF -2 mbtirbhzmkbhamzzhzmkbi (amnirhamzzhzmkbi + ambcuh)

- îcmstrhzmkbi fim bkom h fkombmk fh phrti fia îcmstrhr 7

k Prmbempmk fm lubzmkbhoibtk tiebmek7 «lmrst ekoi, lmrst sirvif º, eynirsquhttmbc

k Filmbmzmkbi fm ricmstrhzmkbi (a”utibti sm rmvkaci ha ohbthmbir pir kttibiri a”mbtisthzmkbi fm ub bkoi h

fkombmk)

k Okfhamtà prhtmeh fm lkrbmturh fia sirvmzmk -2 ekooiremk iaittrkbmek

k fmsempambh fiaah ricmstrhzmkbi

fkombmk MV

nrivi stkrmh

smtuhzmkbi httuhai

fkombmk IY

krmcmbm

ricmoi httuhai

- Vutiah fia bkoi h fkombmk i fmvirsi prknaiohtmedi7

k tutiah fia bkoi -2 prmvhtm

k ekbekrribzh saihai -2 moprisi

- quistmkbm ekoubm

k quhamlmehzmkbi cmurmfmeh

k prkeifurh fm rmhssicbhzmkbi (OHP MEHBB)

k ekbtrkvirsmi cmufmzmk krfmbhrmk

hrnmtrhtk

prkeifuri fm ekbemamhzmkbi strhcmufmzmham

prkvvifmoibtm ehutiahrm.

6.- Lubzmkbhoibtk fia FBU

Mb ohssmoh smbtism, ub eamibt mbtirrkch m bhoi sirvirs pir mbfmrmzzhri ma trhllmek fim fhtm suaah riti.

Ah ‑rmskauzmkbi‟ ficam mbfmrmzzm hvvmibi h phrtmri fhaah ‑rhfmei‟ pir pkm seibfiri bia fitthcamk fiaai rhomlmehzmkbm fiaah ri ti.Ma FBU fmvmfi ak sphzmk akcmek mb fmvirsi zkbi, erihbfk riahzmkbm fm fmvirsk tmpk7

- riahzmkbm cirhredmedi, quhbfk vibckbk ekblmcurhtm7

k hutdkrmthtmvi bhoi sirvirs7 ekbtibckbk mblkrohzmkbm riahtmvhoibti haah zkbh fia fkombmk. Pksskbk is-siri hbedi pmý fm ubk.

k Fiaichtif bhoi sirvirs7 ekbtibckbk mblkrohzmkbm ekbeirbibtm zkbi emreksermtti haa”mbtirbk fm ub fkombmki qumfbm fmpibfkbk fhm sirvirs ‑hutkrmthtmvm‟.

- îahzmkbm ‑mb phrhaaiak‟, quhbfk m bhoi sirvirs vibckbk ‑ripamehtm‟ pir ubh ohccmkri illmemibzh fiaah riti. Ä mbtirisshbti bkthri edi mb ekbsicuibzh fiaa”mberioibtk fiaa”utmamzzk fiaah riti Mbtirbit, h quistm okfiaam fm riahzmkbi

sm skbk hccmubtm hatrm, edi pksskbk issiri ekbsmfirhtm heeisskrm7

- rmekrsmvk7 ä ah riahzmkbi skprh fisermtth, quiaah edi mbtirrkch ma bhoi sirvir fmvirsi vkati smbk h quhbfk vmibi kttibutha”mblkrohzmkbi ekbeirbibti ma amviaak bieisshrmk.







- ehedi7 pir ivmthri rmekrsmvmtà, haeubm sirvir oiokrmzzhbk tiopkrhbihoibti ai mblkrohzmkbm mb okfk fh fhri rmspkstipmý rhpmfi hm eamibt fiaah akrk zkbh fm fkombmk.

Lmcurh 87 Isiopmk fm lubzmkbhoibtk fia FBU5

Ekoi sm puþ vifiri biaa”isiopmk fiaah lmcurh skprh rmpkrthth, ma fkombmk www.cnroph.ckv.hu vmibi prkeisshtk fhmehaekahtkrm iaittrkbmem mb sibsk mbvirsk rmspittk h quiaak bia quhai vmibi aittk fh bkm7

amviaak ‑rkkt‟ -2 ‑.hu‟ -2 ‑.ckv‟ -2 ‑.cnroph‟

Lmcurh >7 Ma FBU (fh7 dttp7//ib.wmjmpifmh.krc/wmjm/Fkohmb[Bhoi[Uystio)

5 NMAA OHBBMBC, FBU Ehedmbc , mb «Mbtirbit Prktkeka Gkurbhaº 8> (>088).


http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/









Lmcurh 57 strutturh cirhredmeh fia FBU6

Pir quhbtk ekbeirbi spiemlmehoibti Mbtirbit, keekrri hpprklkbfmri quhbtk hbtmemphtk biaah siekbfh aizmkbi. Ä virkedi ismstkbk skak 85 rkkt sirvirs, oh ä virk hbedi edi ‑lmsmehoibti‟ bkb sm mfibtmlmehbk ekb 85 ‑ekoputir‟.

Um trhtth pmuttkstk fiaah suffmvmsmkbi ― fkvuth h oktmvm tiebmem ― mb 85 ‑zkbi‟, su ub buoirk tkthai fm ><8 sirvirs.Um rmpkrth fm sicumtk ak sedioh fiaah siekbfh aizmkbi.

Aittir MPv6 hffriss Kaf bhoi Kpirhtkr

H 8=4.68.0.6 bs.mbtirbme.bit \irmUmcb

N8=>.>>4.3=.>08 (smbei Ghbuhry >006: krmcmbhaaywhs 8>4.=.0.803)

bs8.msm.ifu YUE-MUM

E 8=>.55.6.8> e.psm.bit Ekcibt Ekooubmehtmkbs

F 8>4.4.80.=0 tirp.uof.ifu Ybmvirsmty kl Ohryahbf

I 8=>.>05.>50.80 bs.bhsh.ckv BHUH

L 8=>.9.9.>68 bs.mse.krc Mbtirbit Uystios Ekbskrtmuo

C 8=>.88>.5<.6 bs.bme.ffb.oma Filibsi Mblkrohtmkb Uystios Hcibey

D 8>4.<5.>.95 hks.hra.hroy.oma Y.U. Hroy ^isihred Ahn

M 8=>.5<.864.83 bme.bkrfu.bit Hutkbkomeh

G8=>.94.8>4.50 (smbei Bkvionir >00>: krmcmbhaaywhs 8=4.68.0.80)

\irmUmcb

J 8=5.0.86.8>= ^MPI BEE

A 8==.3.45.6> (smbei Bkvionir >003: krmcmbhaay whs8=4.5>.<6.8>)

MEHBB

O >0>.8>.>3.55 SMFI Prkgiet

6 OMAVKB A OYIAAI^, Ekopitmbc FBU ^kkts7 Erihtmvi Fistruetmkb kr Gust Pahmb Fistruetmkb;, Httm fia ekbvicbk svkatksm >008


http://wiki/IPv4

http://wiki/IPv4

http://wiki/VeriSign

http://wiki/University_of_Southern_California

http://wiki/Information_Sciences_Institute

http://c.root-servers.org/


http://wiki/Cogent_Communications

http://d.root-servers.org/


http://wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park

http://wiki/NASA

http://f.root-servers.org/


http://wiki/Internet_Systems_Consortium

http://www.nic.mil/

http://www.nic.mil/

http://wiki/Defense_Information_Systems_Agency

http://h.root-servers.org/


http://wiki/United_States_Army_Research_Laboratory

http://i.root-servers.org/


http://wiki/Autonomica


http://k.root-servers.org/


http://wiki/RIPE_NCC

http://l.root-servers.org/


http://wiki/ICANN

http://m.root-servers.org/


http://wiki/WIDE_Project

http://wiki/WIDE_Project


http://wiki/ICANN


http://wiki/RIPE_NCC



http://wiki/Autonomica


http://wiki/United_States_Army_Research_Laboratory


http://wiki/Defense_Information_Systems_Agency

http://www.nic.mil/

http://wiki/Internet_Systems_Consortium


http://wiki/NASA

http://wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park


http://wiki/Cogent_Communications


http://wiki/Information_Sciences_Institute

http://wiki/University_of_Southern_California


http://wiki/IPv4




2 Mbtirbit ckvirbhbei fiaa”MEHBB 2

Vistk fmspkbmnmai su ameibzh Erihtmvi Ekookbs - dttp7//erihtmviekookbs.krc/ameibsis/ny-be-bf/>.9/fiif.mt < / >6

Lmcurh 67 fmsakehzmkbi fim rkkt sirvirs mb Mthamh9 Lmcurh 97 pkp up sum rkkt sirvirs fm Omahbk

9.- Mbtirbit ckvirbhbei fiaa”MEHBB

Hbedi m fkombm su Mbtirbit skbk skccittm hf ubh cirhredmh fm ‑amviaam‟<7

- Fkombm fm prmok amviaak7 VAF (Vkp Aivia Fkohmb), (is7 ‑.mt‟) mstmtumtm fhaa”MEHBB i hoo mbmstrhtm fhaai îcmstrhtmkb Hutkrmty

- Fkombm fm siekbfk amviaak7 UAF (Uiekbf Aivia Fkohmb) (is7 ‑ubmuf.mt‟), hssicbhtm fhaai îcmstrhtmkb Hutdkrmty hmrmedmifibtm trhomti m ohbtimbir (mbtiroifmhrm ‑ekooiremham‟)

- Fkombm fm tirzk amviaak7 (is7 ‑ohtirmhaifmfhttmek.ubmuf.mt‟) amnirhoibti ekblmcurhtm fh phrti fia tmtkahri fia fkombmk fmsiekbfk amviaak.

Biaai aizmkbm prieifibtm sm ä lhttk eibbk ha rukak fiaa”MEHBB quhai hoombmstrhtkri ficam mbfmrmzzm MP i fim bkom h fkombmk.Mb quisth sifi keekrri hpprklkbfmri quisth siekbfh lubzmkbi. Um rmekrfh edi a”MEHBB lu mstmtumth bia 8==4 pir skstmtumri akMHBH i edi ma suk rukak ä skccittk h ekbeissmkbi qumbquibbhai ― rmbbkvhth bia >00<3 ― fh phrti fia Fmphrtmoibtk fiaEkooiremk ficam Uthtm Ybmtm f”Hoirmeh.

Xum fm sicumtk sm kllrkbk priemshzmkbm mb oirmtk ha smstioh FBU cistmtk fhaa”MEHBB47

(8) Hssicbhzmkbi fim VAF (eeVAF, cVAF)

(>) Mbtrkfuzmkbi (rieibti) fim bkom h fkombmk eeVAF ‑mbtirbhzmkbhamzzhtm‟: (5) amnirhamzzhzmkbi (rieibti) fim bkom h fkombmk cVAF.

9 Fh7 dttp7//www.rkkt-sirvirs.krc (9/5/>086). Ekoi sm vifi, mb Mthamh skbk ekaakehtm fmvirsm sirvirs fm hoombmstrhzmkbi FBU (Omahbk,Vkrmbk, ^koh, Bhpkam), hpphrtibibtm h fmlliribtm rkkt . Pir isiopmk, vifhsm ai sthtmstmedi fia sirvir ‑J‟ fm Omahbk haa”mbfmrmzzk dttp7//j.rkkt-sirvirs.krc/sthtmstmes/omx/fhmay/.

< G. PKUVIA I G.J. Î]BKAFU, ^LE =>0. Fkohmb riqumrioibts7 Bitwkrj Skrjmbc Crkup, 8=46.

3 dttp7//www.btmh.fke.ckv/phci/fkemehbb-hcriioibts.4 Uionrh mbtirisshbti quistk hrtmekak fia ‑Cuhrfmhb‟, mb eum sm fisermvi ah prkeifurh sicumth pir rmbbkvhri pirmkfmehoibti ai e rifib-zmham fm heeissk hm sirvir, GHOIU NHAA, Oiit tdi sivib pikpai wdk dkaf tdi jiys tk wkrafwmfi mbtirbit sieurmty , mb «Vdi Cuhrfmhbº >4Linruhry >086.


http://www.root-servers.org/

http://www.root-servers.org/






9.8.- Mbtrkfuzmkbi cibirhai hm VAF (Vkp Aivia Fkohmb)

M fkombm fm prmok amviaak sm pksskbk fmstmbcuiri mb quhttrk crhbfm ehtickrmi, haeubi fiaai quham dh ubh skttkehtickrmh fmlkrohzmkbi pmý rieibti7

- eeVAF (ekubtry ekfi tkp aivia fkohmb):- MFB eeVAF (mbtirbhtmkbhamzif ekubtry ekfi tkp-aivia fkohmbs):

-

cVAF (cibirme tkp aivia fkohmb):k sVAF (spkbskrif tkp-aivia fkohmbs):k ubspkbskrif tkp-aivia fkohmbs:

- Mblrhstrueturi tkp-aivia fkohmb (.H^PH)=.

Phssmhok hf ubh nrivi hbhamsm fm emhseubh ehtickrmh.

9.>.- Ekubtry Ekfi Vkp Aivia Fkohmbs (eeVaf)

M eeVAF vibckbk hllmfhtm mb cistmkbi h ubh ^icmstrhtmkb Hutdkrmty edi kpirh haa”mbtirbk fm ub krfmbhoibtk sththai. Ai hnnrivmhzmkbm sm nhshbk su quiaai sthnmamti fhaah fmsempambh MUK 58<<, ekb haeubi ieeizmkbm7- YJ (Ybmtif Jmbcfko)7 bia smstioh MUK ismsti mbviei ma CN

- IY (Ybmkbi Iurkpih), fha >00<, bkb ä privmsth fhaah bkrohtmvi MUK.Ukttk quistk prklmak puþ issiri mbtirisshbti rmekrfhri ah cibism fia VAF ‑.ps‟ riahtmvk haah Phaistmbh. A”hssicbhzmkbi

fm thai bkoi h fkombmk ― hvvibuth bia >000 ― ekbsibti fm virmlmehri ekoi hbedi ubh quistmkbi tiebmeh pkssh issiriekbsmfirhth hbedi ekoi hrckoibtk pkamtmek pir hllirohri ah skvrhbmtà fm ub krfmbhoibtk su ub tirrmtkrmk.

9.5.- Cibirme Vkp Aivia Fkohmbs (cVAF)

M bkom h fkombmk ‑cibirham‟ skbk sthtm mbtrkfkttm crhfuhaoibti bia ekrsk fia tiopk i ekrrmspkbfkbk h fmvirsi smcai, fmeum ai pmý ekoubm skbk ‑EKO‟, ‑BIV‟, ‑K^C‟.

Fm sicumtk sm rmpkrthbk m VAF httuhaoibti fmspkbmnmam mb krfmbi erkbkakcmek fm httmvhzmkbi.

Haeubm fm issm sm fmekbk ‑spkbskrif‟ piredí ah akrk mstmtuzmkbi ä hvvibuth su mbtirvibtk fm skccittm prmvhtm (fm sicumtk

skbk mbfmehtm ekb ‑U‟)80

. Hatrm skbk quhamlmehtm ekoi ‑ristrmetif‟ piredí edm am rmedmifi fivi pkssifiri fitirombhtm riqumsmtm(fm sicumtk mbfmehtm ekb ‑^‟).

HBBK Uullmssk Bkti

8=4988 .hrph Fkombmk krmcmbhrmk.eko Fkombm fm ehrhttiri ekooiremhai.ifu Mstmtuzmkbm ifuehtmvi (kccm skak quiaai Y.U.H.) (U*).ckv Ibtm ckvirbhtmvm (skak Y.U.H.) (U*).bit Ibtm edi sm keeuphbk fiaah riti, ekoi cam MUP (mb ambih fm prmbempmk).oma Lkrzi omamthrm (Y.U.H.) (U*).krc Hatri krchbmzzhzmkbm (tibfibzmhaoibti ‑bk prklmt‟)

8=448> .mbt Krchbmzzhzmkbm mbtirbhzmkbham (U*)8=== Bkom h fkombmk rmsirvhtm

.ixhopai

.mbvhamf

.akehadkst

.tist

>008 Bkom h fkombmk mbtrkfkttm pir ekbtrhsthri a”mblahzmkbi fim fkombm ‑.eko‟ .nmz Hllhrm (nusmbiss, mb mbcaisi), ‑mbticrh‟ ma fkombmk ‑eko‟ (U) (^)

= Bkoi h fkombmk cistmtk fh MHBH pir sekpm tiebmem.80

M fkombm ekbtrhssicbhtm ekb ‑U*‟ bhequirk stkrmehoibti ekoi cibirmem if httuhaoibti skbk ekbsmfirhtm ‑spkbskrif‟ piredí hoom-bmstrhtm mb okfk phrtmekahri.88 PKUVIA I ^I]BKAFU, ^LE =>0. Fkohmb riqumrioibts, emt.8> GKB PKUVIA, ^LE 89=8. Fkohmb Bhoi Uystio Utrueturi hbf Fiaichtmkb Mbtirbit Ibcmbiirmbc Vhsj Lkrei, 8==6.







.mblk Mblkrohzmkbm (utmamzzhnmai sibzh ristrmzmkbm) (U)

.bhoi Mbfmvmfum (U) (^)

.ousiuo Ousim (U)>00>

.ekkp Ekkpirhtmvi (U)

.hirk Mbfustrmh fia trhspkrtk hirik (U)

.prk Prklissmkbmstm hllirohtm (kpirhtmvk fha >006) (U) (^)

.gkns ^meireh fm pirskbhai>00< .oknm Viailkbmh oknmai (U)

.eht Fkombmk fiaah ekoubmtà ehthahbh (U)

.trhvia Fifmehtk ha turmsok (U)>004

.hsmh Ekoubmtà phb-hsmhtmeh i phemlmek-hsmhtmeh (U)>00=

.pkst Kpirhtkrm pkstham (mb lubzmkbi fha >00=) (U)

.tia ^icmstrhzmkbi fm buoirm tiailkbmem hsskemhtm hf mbfmrmzzm MP (U)>088

.xxx Ekbtibutm pir hfuatm85

9.8.- Mbtirbhtmkbhamzif Ekubtry Ekfi Fkohmb Bhois (MFB EE Vaf)

Xuisth mbbkvhzmkbi sm heekophcbh haa”mbtrkfuzmkbi fiaah pkssmnmamtà fm utmamzzhri ehrhttirm fmvirsm fh quiaam keemfibtham‑ahtmbm‟. Xuistk smstioh, edi mb rihatà rmshai ha 8==<, ekbsibti fm trhfurri mb ekfmei HUEMM ― ma trhfmzmkbhai sit fm ehrhttirmkeemfibtham ― ubh strmbch halhbuoirmeh YBMEKFI httrhvirsk ub hackrmtok fibkombhtk ‑Pubyekfi‟. Ma riahtmvk ekfmei äehrhttirmzzhtk fhaah strmbch fm ehrhttiri ‑xb--‟86.

Lmcurh <7 haeubm isiopm fm MFB EE VAF (mb phrtmekahri, quiaak mbfmhbk) 89

85 Ah stkrmh fm quistk fkombmk ä pmuttkstk trhvhcamhth pir fmvirsm oktmvm.86 GKDB JAIBUMB, ^LE 94=0. Mbtirbhtmkbhamzif Fkohmb Bhois lkr Hppamehtmkbs (MFBH)7 Filmbmtmkbs hbf Fkeuoibt Lrhoiwkrj 7 Mbtirbit

Ibcmbiirmbc Vhsj Lkrei (MIVL), >080: Mf, ^LE 94=8. Mbtirbhtmkbhamzif Fkohmb Bhois mb Hppamehtmkbs (MFBH)7 Prktkeka , mb (>080): Mf,^LE 94=6. Mbtirbhtmkbhamzif Fkohmb Bhois lkr Hppamehtmkbs (MFBH)7 Nhejcrkubf, Ixpahbhtmkb, hbf ^htmkbhai7 Mbtirbit IbcmbiirmbcVhsj Lkrei (MIVL), >080

89 dttp7//www.mehbb.krc/ib/riskureis/mfb/lhst-trhej/strmbc-ivhauhtmkb-ekopaitmkb


http://www.icann.org/en/resources/idn/fast-track/string-evaluation-completion








Vistk fmspkbmnmai su ameibzh Erihtmvi Ekookbs - dttp7//erihtmviekookbs.krc/ameibsis/ny-be-bf/>.9/fiif.mt = / >6

9.>.- M bkom h fkombmk cVAF ‑spkbskrif‟

Fha 8> cibbhmk >08> ä hvvibuth ubh virh i prkprmh ‑amnirhamzzhzmkbi‟ biaa”hssicbhzmkbi fim VAf. A”MEHBB mblhttm dhhpirtk h edmubqui ah pkssmnmamtà fm cistmri ub VAF, h ekbfmzmkbi fm fmspkrri fm mfkbii strutturi krchbmzzhtmvi i ekbtrk maphchoibtk fm ubh skooh pmuttkstk ekbsmstibti (ekstk httmvhzmkbi $ 849.000, ekstk ohbtibmoibtk hbbuhai ₡ >9.000).

9.5.- M prknaiom fia FBU

Um pksskbk mbfmvmfuhri issibzmhaoibti tri tmpm fm prknaiom mbiribtm ha smstioh fim bkom h fkombmk.

9.5.8.- FBU bkb cistmt k fhaa”MEHBB

Ukbk sthtm svmaupphtm smstiom FBU hatirbhtmvm h quiaak privmstk fhaa”MEHBB8<. Mb quistk sibsk, a”ismstibzh fm FBU ‑hatir-bhtmvm‟ k ‑ekbekrribtm‟ fitirombh ma rmsedmk fm lrhooibthri ah riti, piredí hbfrinni h mbtheehri ah rmskaunmamtà ubmvkeh trhmbfmrmzzm MP i bkom fm fkombmk83.

(8) Psiufk-VAF

Um trhtth fm sullmssm edi lkrohaoibti sm hppkbckbk ekoi VAF, oh edi bkb svkackbk lubzmkbi fm mbfmrmzzhoibtk fiatrhllmek MP i edi qumbfm bkb skbk utmamzzhnmam biaah riti Mbtirbit.

- .nmtbit- .esbit

- .ixmt

- .m>p

- .akeha

- .kbmkb

- .kz

- .lriibit

- .uuep

(>) Hatirbhtmvi FBU Uibzh ibtrhri bia oirmtk fia lubzmkbhoibtk tiebmek, sm puþ rmekrfhri edi skbk sthtm ekbeipmtm fmvirsm smstiom ‑hbthck-

bmstm‟ rmspittk h quiaak cistmtk fhaa”MEHBB, pir fmvirsi rhcmkbm7 mfihamstmedi, mfikakcmedi, k iekbkomedi (is7 biw.bit, edilubzmkbh httrhvirsk ub skltwhri eamibt).

- Eismfmhb ^KKV www.eismfmhbrkkt.bit

- Caknha-Hbyehst wmjm.caknha-hbyehst.bit- BhoiEkmb P>P FBU fkt-nmt.krc- OknmaiVAF www.oknmaitaf.eko84

9.5.>.- Ohalubzmkbhoibtm k ermombhamtà mblkrohtmeh

Httheedm ermombham k eibsurh pkamtmeh pksskbk ekoprkoittiri a”ubmthrmità fia smstioh FBU i qumbfm ah emrekahzmkbi fiaaimblkrohzmkbm su Mbtirbit7

- FkU (Fibmha kl Uirvmei)8=:

8< OYIAAI^, Ekopitmbc FBU ^kkts7 Erihtmvi Fistruetmkb kr Gust Pahmb Fistruetmkb;, Httm fia ekbvicbk, emt.83 MBVI^BIV H^EDMVIEVY^I NKH^F, ^LE >4><. MHN Viedbmeha Ekooibt kb tdi Ybmqui FBU ^kkt , >000

84 Iaibek prisibti su dttp7//ib.wmjmpifmh.krc/wmjm/Hatirbhtmvi[FBU[rkkt#Amst[kl[hatirbhtmvi[rkkts (<-5-85)8= U. EDIYBC, Fibmha kl sirvmei hchmbst tdi Fkohmb Bhoi Uystio , mb «MIII Uieurmty & Prmvhey Ohchzmbiº 6, b. 8 (>00<): UHOHBID

^HUVICH^M, O MXNHA UH^MPHB I OKDF LHFAII H ^HUMF, Fitietmkb kl Fibmha kl Uirvmei Htthejs hchmbst Fkohmb Bhoi Uystio YsmbcBiurha Bitwkrjs, mb «Gkurbha kl Ekoputir Uemibeiº <, b. 8 (>00=).


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_DNS_root#List_of_alternative_roots

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_DNS_root#List_of_alternative_roots




2 Ma prknaioh prmbemphai fim bkom h fkombmk7 ma ‑eynirsquhttmbc‟ 2


- FBU pkmskbmbc (mbqumbhoibtk, emkä ohbmpkahzmkbi mbtibzmkbhai fiaah rmskauzmkbi fm ub mbfmrmzzk MP fh phrti fm ubsirvir FBU>0).

9.5.5.- Mbtirvibtm sua FBU pir illittk fm prkvvifmoibtm cmufmzmhrm

M prkvvifmoibtm cmufmzmhrm ― edi rmviahbk hbedi ubh eirth ‑euaturh mblkrohtmeh‟ fh phrti fiaah ohcmstrhturh ― edi

aicmttmohbk m prkvmfirs hf mbtirvibmri sua FBU pkbckbk prknaiom suaa”mfkbimtà fia quhfrk bkrohtmvk rmspittk hm oieehbmsomfiaah riti, ekoi sm ä vmstk biaah ekbtrkvirsmh ‑\hgkbt‟ i mb hatrm ehsm>8.

<.- Ma prknaioh prmbemphai fim bkom h fkombmk7 ma ‑eynirsquhttmbc‟

Prmoh fm prkeifiri, nmskcbh ekopmiri haeubi kssirvhzmkbm mb pubtk fm lhttk. Ekb a”hpirturh ha punnamek fm Mbtirbit, kcbmokfhamtà fm utmamzzk fiaai rmskrsi mblkrohtmedi ä sthth vhcamhth haah rmeireh fm pkssmnmamtà fm slrutthoibtk ekooiremhai. Ekbemþ, mbivmthnmaoibti, sm ä fhtk hfmtk hbedi haah pkssmnmamtà fm hnusm. Xuistk fmpibfi issibzmhaoibti fh fui lhttkrm, ubk‑tiebmek‟, a”hatrk ‑uohbk‟.

(8) ah rhcmkbi tiebmeh ä edi ai rmskrsi mblkrohtmedi, mb quhbtk tham, rmspkbfkbk hbzmtuttk h prmbempm tiebmemfm lubzmkbhoibtk. Vrh quistm prmbempm vm ä quiaak fia ermtirmk erkbkakcmek biaa”ivhsmkbi fiaai msthbzi, ma quhaism puþ isprmoiri biaah lkrouah smbtitmeh7 «lmrst ekoi, lmrst sirvif º>>. Bi ekbsicui edi bia okoibtk mb eumvmibi prisibthth ubh rmedmisth, a”ubmeh ekbfmzmkbi pir ma suk heekcamoibtk ä edi smh amnirh ah rmskrsh fm eum smedmifi fm hssuoiri ma ekbtrkaak. M prknaiom skrckbk quhbfk, siopri pir rhcmkbm tiebmedi, ai oifismoi rmskrsipksskbk issiri ekbtrkaahti iseausmvhoibti fh ub skak tmtkahri. Mb quistm ehsm, mb lmb fim ekbtm ‑ekbtrkaahri‟ ubhrmskrsh mblkrohtmeh smcbmlmeh ‑keeuphri‟ ubk sphzmk akcmek, hbedi pir ub tiopk ‑vmrtuhaoibti‟ mbfitirombhtk.Um pibsm, pir isiopmk, hf ub mbfmrmzzk fm pksth iaittrkbmeh. Pkmedí bkb pksskbk ismstirbi fui mfibtmem, biaokoibtk stissk mb eum sm httmvh ub fitirombhtk ‑heekubt‟, sm mopifmsei fm utmamzzhrak h tuttm cam hatrm utibtm, edipktrhbbk h akrk vkath hpprkprmhrsibi ― tiebmehoibti ― skak quhbfk a”utibti hvrà eisshtk fm utmamzzhrak>5.

(>) Ah rhcmkbi ekbeirbibti ma lhttkri uohbk ä edi ubh rmskr sh mblkrohtmeh pir a”utibti bkb ä skathbtk ubhsirmi fm ekfmem halhbuoirmem edi mfibtmlmeh ub mbsmioi fm rmskrsi i ai fmstmbcui fhaai hatri, oh puþ hs-suoiri ub smcbmlmehtk. Ma bkoi h fkombmk fubqui puþ ekbbkthri ma skccittk edi bi ä tmtkahri k fisermviri maekbtibutk fiaai rmskrsi oifismoi. Fh emþ bi ekbsicui edi hcam mbfmrmzzm puþ issiri httrmnumtk ub vhakri smo-

nkamek i, skprhttuttk, iekbkomek. Pir isiopmk7 ma fkombmk EKAK^.EKO ä sthtk vibfutk bia fmeionri >080pir 590 omah fkaahrm>6.

Haah auei fm quisti prioissi sm puþ ekopribfiri ubh sirmi fm libkoibm edi rmibtrhbk skttk a”isprissmkbi eynirsquht-tmbc , edi puþ issiri trhfktth ekoi ‑keeuphzmkbi hnusmvh fm rmskrsi mb riti‟ i edi puþ rmskavirsm, pir quhbtk mbtirissh mbquisth sifi ― kssmh ekb rmlirmoibtk hm ‑bkom h fkombmk‟ ― mb fui libkoibm7

(8) typksquhttmbc Ah ekbfktth hnusmvh ekbsmsti biaa”hpprklmtthri ficam irrkrm fm nhttmturh ficam utibtm pir ‑fivmhri‟ ma trhllmek h prkprmk vhb-

thccmk (Is7 wwwomerksklt.mt)

>0 ^MEDH^F GKDB OHVVDIS HCH^, Vdi Fkohmb Bhoi Uystio (FBU)7 Uieurmty edhaaibcis hbf moprkvioibts, mb «Uieurmtyº (>00=) Maoieehbmsok fm ehedmbc puþ issiri kccittk fm ‑ohalubzmkbhoibtm‟. Uueeifi quhbfk bia sirvir ekbtibibti mblkrohzmkbm tiopkrhbiiä oiokrmzzhth ubh hsskemhzmkbi trh mbfmrmzzm MP i bkom h fkombmk ‑fmvirsh‟ fh quiaah krfmbhrmh. Ma trhllmek fm ubh fitirombhth zkbh fmfkombmk vmibi eksá mbfmrmzzhtk ‑hatrkvi‟.

>8 FH\MF J^H\IVU, Ybeai Uho7 ml mt ibfs mb .eko, mt”s .simzhnai, SM^IF.EKO >08>.>> Pir hbhakcmh sm pktrinni oibzmkbhri ma nrkehrfk « prmkr mb tiopkri pktmkr mb guriº, hbedi si vm ä ubh fmlliribzh sksthbzmhai7 bia okttkmbcaisi sm fisermvi ma lubzmkbhoibtk tiebmek fia smstioh sibzh prkpkrri ubh iqumvhaibzh trh hbtirmkrmtà erkbkakcmeh i prmohtk cmurmfmek,oibtri biaaa”isprissmkbi ahtmbh ah priliribzh heekrfhth mb nhsi ha ermtirmk tirpkrhai hssuoi ma vhakri fm prmbempmk fm fmrmtt k.

>5 Um ekbsmfirh qum ah ‑lmsmkakcmh‟, sibzh tibiri ekbtk fiaai ‑phtkakcmi‟, kssmh fim ehsm fm heeissk hnusmvk, k ekbtrkvirsmi cmu fmzmham.>6 dttp7//tiederubed.eko/>088/05/>6/ekakr-eko-whs-hequmrif-lkr-590000-tdi-fkohmb-bhoi-tdht-ms. Ma fkombmk sm rmlirmseihf ubh HPP pir sohrtpdkbis edi ekbsibti ah ekbfmvmsmkbi fm moohcmbm trh fmspksmtmvm oknmam ibtrk ma rhccmk fm 890 oitrm. Ah skemitàsvmaupphtrmei dh hequmsmtk hbedi EKAKY^.EKO pir ub mbvistmoibtk tkthai fm 990 omah fkaahrm.


http://techcrunch.com/2011/03/24/color-com-was-acquired-for-350000-the-domain-name-that-is







2 îcmstrhzmkbi fim bkom h fkombmk 2


(>) fkohmb crhnnmbc

Ah ekbfktth hnusmvh ekbsmsti biaah ricmstrhzmkbi fm fkombm haak sekpk fm ‑heehphrrhoibtk‟.

Ma libkoibk fm eynirsquhttmbc pir hbtkbkohsmh ä ma siekbfk. Buoirksi vmeibfi cmufmzmhrmi sm skbk fmnhttuti bim trmnu-bham fm tuttk ma okbfk h phrtmri fha prmok ehsk nhazhtk hcam kbkrm fiaah erkbheh, quiaak ekbeirbibti ma fkombmk oefk-bhafs.eko>9.

H quistk pubtk keekrri pirþ ekopribfiri fmvirsi quistmkbm7(8) Ekoi hvvmibi ah ricmstrhzmkbi fm ub bkoi h fkombmk;(>) Ekoi sm quhamlmeh cmurmfmehoibti ub bkoi h fkombmk;

(5) Xuham rmoifm kllri a”krfmbhoibtk ekbtrk cam hnusm;

3.- îcmstrhzmkbi fim bkom h fkombmk

Ah ricmstrhzmkbi fim bkom h fkombmk hvvmibi siekbfk priemsi prkeifuri edi trhcckbk ah akrk lkbti biaai fmspksmzmkbmiohbhti fh MEHBB.

Fkpk hvir priamombhroibti fisermttk ai rickai ekoubm, em sm ekbeibtrh mb phrtmekahri sua fkombmk ‑MV‟ i sua fkombmk ‑IY‟.

3.8.- îckai ekoubm

Mb ambih fm prmbempmk, ah ricmstrhzmkbi fm ub bkoi h fkombmk (cVAF k eeVAF) privifi edi a”utibti (pirskbh lmsmeh, skc-cittk cmurmfmek fm fmrmttk prmvhtk k ibti punnamek) sm rmvkach hf ub lkrbmtkri fm sirvmzm ma quhai sm keeuph fm mbtirhcmri ekba”hutkrmtà pripksth haa”hoombmstrhzmkbi fia ricmstrk riahtmvk ha VAF riahtmvk ha fkombmk priseiatk. Mb ohssmoh smbtism7

- ma ohbthmbir ä a”mbtiroifmhrmk edi sm heerifmth bim ekblrkbtm fiaah îcmstrhtmkb Hutdkrmty ― ubh skrth fm ekbeissmk-bhrmk ― i sm keeuph fm prkoukviri ah skttksermzmkbi fim bkom h fkombmk, hoombmstrhbfkbi cam hspittm tiebmem(FBU, mbfmrmzzm MP, lhtturhzmkbi)

- ma îcmstrhr (k îcmstrhtmkb Hutdkrmty ) ä ma tmtkahri fia ricmstrk, kssmh fia fhthnhsi mb eum vibckbk hsskemhtm mbfmrmzzmMP i bkom fm fkombmk.

^medmifibti --2 Ohbthmbir --2 îcmstrhtmkb Hutdkrmty

Ä okatk mopkrthbti skttkambihri edi a”mbtisthzmkbi fm ub bkoi h fkombmk ekbsmsti issibzmhaoibti mb ub sirvmzmk edivmibi risk haa”utibti h lrkbti fia phchoibtk fm ub ehbkbi. Fha okoibtk mb eum a”utibti bkb rmbbkvh ah skttksermzmkbi, marhppkrtk sm istmbcui i qumbfm ah rmskrsh vmibi rish fmspkbmnmai pir hatrm utibtm><.

3.>.- îcmstrhzmkbi fm fkombm VAF ‑MV‟

Ah ricmstrhzmkbi fm fkombm skttk ma VFA ‑MV‟ dh rieibtioibti sunmtk ubh bktivkai trhslkrohzmkbi bia phsshccmk fhasmstioh ‑hsmberkbk‟ ha smstioh ‑smberkbk‟. Xuisth ivkauzmkbi, httish fh okatm hbbm, dh rmhaambihtk a”hoombmstrhzmkbi fimfkombm mb Mthamh h quiaah ficam hatrm Phism.

Ä utmai rmpirekrriri ah stkrmh fia îcmstrk MV, edi rmshai mbfmitrk fm krohm ub quhrtk fm siekak. Mblhttm, VAF ‑MV‟ vibbihttmvhtk bia 8=43>3 su rmedmisth haak MHBH fh phrti fm ub cruppk fm rmeirehtkrm fia EB^. Ah ricmstrhzmkbi fim bkom h fkombmk‑MV‟ mbmzmhaoibti vibmvh illittuhth hm rmedmifibtm fh phrti fiaa”mstmtutk EBYEI. Fha 8==3 a”mbekonibzh vibbi hllmfhth haa'Mstm-tutk pir ai Hppamehzmkbm Viaiohtmedi, edi bia >00> sm ubá haa”Mstmtutk fm Ohtiohtmeh Ekoputhzmkbhai lheibfk skrciri a'Mstmtut k

>9 Um trhtth fm ub ehsk edi fmvibbi lhoksk biaah sthoph spiemhamzzhth hbcakshsskbi7 ma cmkrbhamsth fm SMÎF Gksduh Xumttirb ricmstrþma bkoi h fkombmk ohefkbhafs.eko pir fmokstrhri ma prknaioh. mb sicumtk eifitti ma fkombmk haah skemità tmtkahri fia ohredmk mb ehonmkfm ubh fkbhzmkbi fm 5.900 fkaahrm h lhvkri fm ubh seukah, dttp7//www.wmrif.eko/wmrif/hredmvi/>.80/oefkbhafs[pr.dtoa

>< Ä quhbtk sueeissk ha fkombmk OIFMHUIV.EKO, ahsemhtk sehfiri fhm tmtkahrm i ricmstrhtk bia ohrzk >088 fh ubh skemità fia Fiah-

whri, ah Libmemus. Oifmhsit U.p.H. v. Fmfmir Ohfmnh, Libmemus AAE, Ehsi Bk. F>088-8=96, SMPK Hrnmtrhtmkb hbf Oifmhtmkb Eibtir,Hfombmstrhtmvi Phbia Fiemsmkb >08>) Ah ekbtrkvirsmh fmifi krmcmbi h fmvirsi vmeibfi cmufmzmhrmi. Ma 6 linnrhmk >08> vibbi rispmbtk marmekrsk fm Oifmhsit haah SMPK, oibtri ma rmekrsk b. 88=5/8> mbehrfmbhtk mbbhbzm ha Vrmnubhai fm ^koh, sizmkbi MT, vibbi heekatk.

>3 dttp7//www.mhbh.krc/fkohmbs/rkkt/fn/mt.dtoa


http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.10/mcdonalds_pr.html







2 îcmstrhzmkbi fim bkom h fkombmk 2

Vistk fmspkbmnmai su ameibzh Erihtmvi Ekookbs - dttp7//erihtmviekookbs.krc/ameibsis/ny-be-bf/>.9/fiif.mt 8> / >6

fm Mblkrohtmeh i Viaiohtmeh. Uinnibi cam ibtm skprh bkombhtm smhbk sththam, a”httmvmtà i ah cistmkbi fia îcmstrk dh bhturhissibzmhaoibti prmvhtmstmeh>4.

Ah strutturh mbtirbh fiaah îcmstrhtmkb Hutdkrmty mthamhbh irh krmcmbhrmhoibti fupamei7 fh ubh phrti ah Bhombc Hutdkrmty(ma eum sthtutk lu hpprkvhtk bia 8==4), ah quhai fitirombhvh ai rickai fh rmspitthri biaah cistmkbi VAF, fhaa”hatrh ah îcm-strhtmkb Hutkrmty , edi hvivh ma ekopmtk fm kpirhri ekberithoibti sua ricmstrk ficam mbfmrmzzm.

A”httuhai ekblmcurhzmkbi hpmehai fiaa”mbtirbit ckvirbhbei Mthamhbh ä mbviei ‑okbmstmeh‟ i sm mbeibtrh sua ‑îcmstrk‟. Bia

>006 ah îcmstrhtmkb Hutdkrmty rmvibfmeþ a”hutkbkomh rickahoibthri fhaah Bhombc Hutdkrmty , edi pkm, eisshtk ma suk sekpkmstmtutmvk, sm semkasi ma 89 aucamk >009. Haa”mbtirbk fia îcmstrk ä sthth mstmtumth ubh «Ekoomssmkbi pir ai rickai i prkeifuritiebmedi fia ricmstrk fia eeVAF ‑MV‟º (pir nrivmtà ‑Ekoomssmkbi îckai‟), ekb ekopmtm iseausmvhoibti ekbsuatmvm. Mb hatrmtirombm, ma îcmstrk ä hutkbkok i sm rmvkaci haah suh ekoomssmkbi mbtirbh pir rmeiviri phrirm fm ehrhttiri tiebmek.

Ai prmoi rickai, lkrouahti bia 8==3, irhbk okatk ristrmttmvi. Mblhttm7- skak m emtthfmbm mthamhbm pktivhbk rmedmifiri ub fkombmk MV:

- ai pirskbi lmsmedi bkb pktivhbk fkohbfhri ah ricmstrhzmkbi:

- ai moprisi i ai pirskbi cmurmfmedi pktivhbk issiri tmtkahrm fm ub ubmek bkoi h fkombmk.Ma 89 fmeionri 8=== ibtrhrkbk mb vmckri bukvi fmspksmzmkbm iohbhti fhaah Bhombc Huttdkrmty , ekb ai quham sm istibfivh

fm okatk a”honmtk fim rmedmifibtm i qumbfm a”hppitmnmamtà fia fkombmk. Mblhttm7 - pktivhbk ricmstrhri fkombm ‑MV‟ bkb skak cam mthamhbm, oh tuttm m emtthfmbm fiaa”Ybmkbi Iurkpih:

- hbedi ai pirskbi lmsmedi pksskbk ricmstrhri bkom h fkombmk, oh skathbtk ubk:- vibmvhbk iamombhtm m amomtm pir ai moprisi i ai pirskbi cmurmfmedi:

Ma > hckstk >006 ibtrhrkbk mb vmckri ai rickai iahnkrhti fhaah ‑Ekoomssmkbi îckai‟ haa”mbtirbk fia îcmstrk, ai quhambkb sm fmseksthvhbk okatk fhaai prieifibtm.

Ma >4 linnrhmk >003 ibtrþ mb vmckri ma ‑îckahoibtk pir a”hssicbhzmkbi i ah cistmkbi fim fkombm bia eeVAF ‑MV‟, edimbtrkfueivh ah fmstmbzmkbi trh prkeifurh ‑hsmberkbh‟ (hbekrh aichth haah fkeuoibthzmkbi ehrtheih)>= i prkeifurh ‑smb-erkbh‟, edi vibbi rish kpirhtmvh skathbtk pmý fm fui hbbm fkpk, ma >4 sittionri >00=.

Pir ekopribfiri a”mopkrthbzh fiaa”mbtrkfuzmkbi fiaah prkeifurh ‑smberkbh‟ ä mbtirisshbti fisermviri ekoi hvvibmvhah ricmstrhzmkbi fm ub fkombmk ‑MV‟ ekb ah prkeifurh ‑hsmberkbh‟. Mb phrtmekahri7

(8) ma rmedmifibti fkvivh rmvkacirsm ha ohbthmbir (edi kpirhvh su ekbeissmkbi hbbuhai fia îcmstrk):

(>) ma rmedmifibti fkvivh ekopmahri ubh ‑aittirh fm hssubzmkbi fm rispkbshnmamtà‟ (AH^) ekb ah quhai, mopicbhbfksmh rmspitthri ah aicci, ma rickahoibtk fm ricmstrhzmkbi i ah bitmquitti50, skbirhvh ma ricmstrk fh quhasmhsmrispkbshnmamtà.

(5) Ma ohbthmbir mbkatrhvh ha ̂ icmstrk ah rmedmisth fia eamibti, mb lkroh fm okfuak iaittrkbmek(6) A”utibti spifmvh ha ricmstrk ah AH^

(9) Ma ricmstrk prkvvifivh hf httmvhri ma fkombmk.

>4 Elr. F. Acs. 8° hckstk >005, b.>9= C. Y. b. >86 fia 89 sittionri >005, U.K. 890, Ekfmei fiaai ekoubmehzmkbm iaittrkbmedi, Hrt.89,Buoirhzmkbi, hssicbhzmkbi fim bkom h fkombmk i mbfmrmzzhoibtk «8. Ma Ombmstirk ekbtrkaah a'hssicbhzmkbi fm tutti ai rmskrsi bhzmkbhamfm buoirhzmkbi i ah cistmkbi fia pmhbk bhzmkbhai fm buoirhzmkbi, chrhbtibfk edi h tuttm m sirvmzm fm ekoubmehzmkbi iaittrkbmeh heeis-

smnmam ha punnamek smhbk hssicbhtm buoirm i nakeedm fm buoirm hficuhtm. Ma Ombmstirk, hatrisá, vmcmah suaa'hssicbhzmkbi fim bkom h fkombmki mbfmrmzzhoibtk. >. A'Hutkrmtà sthnmamsei ma pmhbk bhzmkbhai fm buoirhzmkbi i ai prkeifuri fm hssicbhzmkbi fiaah buoirhzmkbi biarmspittk fim prmbempm fm knmittmvmtà, trhsphribzh i bkb fmsermombhzmkbi, mb okfk fh hssmeurhri phrmtà fm trhtthoibtk h tuttm m lkrbmtkrm fimsirvmzm fm ekoubmehzmkbi iaittrkbmeh heeissmnmam ha punnamek. Mb phrtmekahri, a'Hutkrmtà vmcmah hllmbedí a'kpirhtkri eum smh sthtk hssicbhtkub nakeek fm buoirm bkb fmsermombm hatrm lkrbmtkrm fm sirvmzm fm ekoubmehzmkbi iaittrkbmeh mb riahzmkbi haai siquibzi fm buoirm fh utmamzzhri pir fhri heeissk hm akrk sirvmzm. 5. A'Hutkrmtà punnameh ma pmhbk bhzmkbhai fm buoirhzmkbi i ai sui sueeissmvi okfmlmehzmkbm if mbticrh-zmkbm, ekb ai skai ristrmzmkbm mopksti fh oktmvm fm smeurizzh bhzmkbhai. 6. A'Hutkrmtà prkoukvi a'hrokbmzzhzmkbi fiaai rmskrsi fm buoi-rhzmkbi haa'mbtirbk fiaa'Ybmkbi iurkpih kvi emþ smh bieisshrmk pir skstibiri ak svmauppk fim sirvmzm phbiurkpim. 9. Ma Ombmstirk vmcmahhllmbedí bkb vm smhbk utmamzzm fiaah buoirhzmkbi bkb ekiribtm ekb ai tmpkakcmi fm sirvmzm pir m quham ai buoirhzmkbm stissi skbk fmsempambhtifha pmhbk bhzmkbhai fm buoirhzmkbi. <. Ma Ombmstirk i a'Hutkrmtà, ha lmbi fm hssmeurhri mbtirkpirhnmamtà ekopaith i caknhai fim sirvmzm,kpirhbk mb ekkrfmbhoibtk ekb ai krchbmzzhzmkbm mbtirbhzmkbham edi hssuokbk fiemsmkbm mb tioh fm buoirhzmkbi, hssicbhzmkbi fm bkomh fkombmk i mbfmrmzzhoibtk fiaai ritm i fim sirvmzm fm ekoubmehzmkbi iaittrkbmeh. 3. Pir a'ispaithoibtk fiaai lubzmkbm fm eum ha prisibtihrtmekak, a'Mstmtutk supirmkri fiaai ekoubmehzmkbm i fiaai tiebkakcmi fiaa'mblkrohzmkbi pristh ah suh ekaahnkrhzmkbi haa'Hutkrmtàº Mb hfio-

pmoibtk h thai fmspksmzmkbi, vifhsm ah Fiamnirh b. ></04/EM^ fiaa”Hutkrmtà pir ai Ekoubmehzmkbm, Pmhbk fm buoirhzmkbi bia sittkri fiaaitiaiekoubmehzmkbm i fmsempambh httuhtmvh, mb C.Y. b. 83> fia >6 aucamk >004, U.K. 848.>= \ifhsm ah ‑aittirh fm hssubzmkbi fm rispkbshnmamtà‟. 50 Um trhtth fm ub mbsmioi fm prieittm fm ‑nukbh ekbfktth‟ iahnkrhtm fhm ‑bhvmchtkrm‟.





2 Xuhamlmehzmkbi cmurmfmeh fia bkoi fm fkombmk i okfhamtà fm tutiah 2


Kccm sua smtk fia îcmstrk ekophri ubh amsth fm îcmstrhrs ha quhai a”utibti puþ rmvkacirsm pir ah ricmstrhzmkbi, edihvvmibi mb okfhamtà ‑smberkbh‟, emkä mb okfk mooifmhtk58.

îcmstrhbt --2 îcmstrhr --2 îcmstrk

3.5.- îcmstrhzmkbm fm fkombm VAF ‑IY‟

A”mstmtuzmkbi fim fkombm ‑IY‟ fivi issiri ekaakehth haa”mbtirbk fiaai hzmkbm mbtrhprisi fhaa”Ybmkbi Iurkpih mb krfmbi ha aherihzmkbi fiaah ‑Ukemità fiaa”mblkrohzmkbi‟.

H tha prkpksmtk, fivkbk issiri oibzmkbhtm m sicuibtm rmlirmoibtm bkrohtmvm7- rickahoibtk YI 355/>00>5>:

- rickahoibtk YI 436/>00655:- rickahoibtk YI 8<96/>00956:

- rickahoibtk YI 8>99/>00359:

- rickahoibtk YI 9<0/>00=5<.

A”Ybmkbi Iurkpih dh fiemsk fm mstmtumri ekoi îcmstrhtmkb Hutdkrmty ah "Iurkpihb îcmstry lkr Mbtirbit Fkohmbs‟ (IY-^mF), hsskemhzmkbi prmvhth sibzh sekpk fm auerk edi sm ä ekstmtumth a”4 hprmai >005 if dh sifi mb Niacmk 53.

Ah rmedmisth fm IY^mf ― ekbsmfirhth ekoi spkbskr fia VAF ― ä sthth hpprkvhth ma >4 hprmai >009.Pir ivmthri libkoibm fm eyirsquhttmbc , a”Ybmkbi Iurkpih hvivh sthnmamtk ubh suffmvmsmkbi mb lhsm fiaa”httmvhzmkbi fia

fkombmk7(8) ‑subrmsi‟, prmoh lhsi rmsirvhth h tmtkahrm fm fmrmttm, h suh vkath suffmvmsh mb fui skttk-lhsm7

h. fha 3 fmeionri >009 ha 3 linnrhmk >00<7 ricmstrhzmkbi rmsirvhth h ibtm punnamem i tmtkahrm fm ohredmricmstrhtm.

n. fha 3 linnrhmk >00< ha 3 hprmai >00<7 ricmstrhzmkbi fm bkom fm fkombmk ekrrmspkbfibtm h fibkombhzmkbmskemham k bkom f”hrti

(>)

‑cibirha ricmstrhtmkbs‟7 fha 3 hprmai >00<, hpirturi fiaah ricmstrhzmkbi ha punnamek. Vuttm M rismfibtm mb YbmkbiIurkpih pksskbk ricmstrhri bkom h fkombmk IY sibzh bieissmtà fm fmokstrhzmkbi fm tmtkahrmtà fmfmrmttm.

4.- Xuhamlmehzmkbi cmurmfmeh fia bkoi fm fkombmk i okfhamtà fm tutiah

Ä ivmfibti edi ma bkoi fm fkombmk ä fmvibutk ub nibi cmurmfmek. Biaak spiemlmek, sm trhtth fm ub nibi moohtirmhai, edipuþ fmvibmri fmvibth kccittk fm bickzm cmurmfmem. Mblhttm a”mbtisththrmk puþ pir isiopmk trhslirmrbi ah tmtkahrmtà hf ub hatrkskccittk, ivibtuhaoibti hbedi h tmtkak kbirksk.

58

Mb rihatà, ubh vkath httmvhtk ub fkombmk ä bieisshrmk edi ah rmskauzmkbi fiaa”mbfmrmzzk MP mb quia bkoi fm fkombmk vibch mbticrhth bimsirvirs FBU. Keekrri pirthbtk httibfiri quhaedi krh ― ubh cmkrbhth ― hllmbedí emþ hvvibch.5> îckahoibtk b. 355 fia >> hprmai >00>, ̂ iahtmvk haah oissh mb kpirh fia fkombmk fm prmok amviaak .iu, mb C.Y.Y.I. 885 A fia 50 hprmai>006, phc. 8.

55 îckahoibtk b. 436 fia >4 hprmai >006, Edi sthnmamsei ai fmspksmzmkbm hppamehnmam haah oissh mb kpirh i haai lubzmkbm fia fkombmk fm prmok amviaak .iu i m prmbempm riahtmvm haah ricmstrhzmkbi, mb C.Y.Y.I. A 885 fia 50 hprmai >006, phc. 60.56 îckahoibtk b. 8<96 fia 80 kttknri >009, Edi okfmlmeh ma rickahoibtk (EI) b. 436/>006 edi sthnmamsei ai fmspksmzmkbm hppamehnmamhaah oissh mb kpirh i haai lubzmkbm fia fkombmk fm prmok amviaak .iu i m prmbempm riahtmvm haah ricmstrhzmkbi, mb C.Y.Y.I. A ><< fiaa”88 kttknri>009, phc. 59.

59 îckahoibtk b. 8>99 fia >9 kttknri >003, Edi okfmlmeh ma rickahoibtk (EI) b. 436/>006 edi sthnmamsei ai fmspksmzmkbm hppamehnmamhaah oissh mb kpirh i haai lubzmkbm fia fkombmk fm prmok amviaak .iu i m prmbempm riahtmvm haah ricmstrhzmkbi, mb C.Y.Y.I. A >4> fia >< kttknri>003 phc. 88.

5< îckahoibtk b. 9<0 fia >< cmucbk >00=, îehbti okfmlmeh fia rickahoibtk (EI) b. 436/>006 edi sthnmamsei ai fmspksmzmkbm hppamehnmamhaah oissh mb kpirh i haai lubzmkbm fia fkombmk fm prmok amviaak .iu i m prmbempm riahtmvm haah ricmstrhzmkbi, mb C.Y.Y.I. A 8<< fia >3 cmucbk>00=, phc. 5.

53 Um trhtth fm ub ekbskrzmk trh FBU Niacmuo (fkombmk .NI, niach), MVV fia EB^ (fkombmk .MV, mthamhbk), MMU (fkombmk .UI, svifisi).







H quistk pubtk keekrri pirþ ekbeibtrhrsm suaah quhamlmehzmkbi cmurmfmeh fia bkoi fm fkombmk if mb phrtmekahri sua okfkmb eum a”mbtisththrmk puþ tutiahrsm.

Keekrri fmstmbcuiri mb ohssmoh smbtism h siekbfh fia skccittk tmtkahri7

(8) Ukccittk cmurmfmek mb quhbtk thai (pirskbh lmsmeh, oh hbedi skccittk cmurmfmek, pirskbh cmurmfmeh, ibti mstmtuzmk-bhai). Mb quistk ehsk ai quistmkbm sm rmskavkbk biaah tutiah fia fmrmttk ha bkoi ekbtrk cam hnusm edi pksskbk issiri

ekopmutm fh phrti fm tirzm.

(>) Moprish ekooiremhai. Mb quisth mpktism sm ibtrh biaai tiohtmedi ekbeirbibtm ma fmrmttk mbfustrmhai.

Fm sicumtk sm ispkbckbk pir skoom ehpm ai quistmkbm cmurmfmedi riahtmvi h emhseub iaioibtk, tibthbfk pkm fm filmbmri ahbkzmkbi fm bkoi h fkombmk httrhvirsk ub pirekrsk cmurmsprufibzmhai edi ekbfuei hf ub rmekbksemoibtk fh phrti fiaaicmsahtkri.

4.8.- Bkoi fm fkombmk i tutiah fia bkoi

Ah ekbbissmkbi pmý mooifmhth sm puþ ekcamiri trh ma bkoi fm fkombmk i ai fmspksmzmkbm fia ekfmei emvmai edi sm keeuphbk

hppubtk fiaah tutiah fia bkoi. Umh ma bkoi h fkombmk, smh ma bkombhtmvk fiaai pirskbi dhbbk mblhttm ubh ivmfibti lubzmkbimfibtmlmehtmvh.

Hrtmekak 3 EE Vutiah fia fmrmttk ha bkoiZM_. Ah pirskbh, haah quhai sm ekbtistm ma fmrmttk haa'usk fia prkprmk bkoi k edi pkssh rmsibtmri pricmu-

fmzmk fhaa'usk edi hatrm mbfinmthoibti bi lheemh, puþ edmifiri cmufmzmhaoibti ah eisshzmkbi fia lhttkaismvk, shavk ma rmshremoibtk fim fhbbm.

ZMM_. A'hutkrmtà cmufmzmhrmh puþ krfmbhri edi ah sibtibzh smh punnamehth mb ubk k pmý cmkrbham Z8>0e.p.e._.

Mb tioh vhai ah pibh sicbhahri ah sicuibti ohssmoh, edi puþ hbekrh issiri ekbsmfirhth quiaah pmý spiemlmeh suaahquistmkbi7

Vrmnubhai Vkrmbk, Fhth7 >5 fmeionri >000, Lkbtm7 Fmr. mblkrohtmeh >008, 95=(bkth fm7 \MVI^NK)Bia ehsk mb eum ub bkoi fm pirskbh vibch ricmstrhtk fh tirzm mb ohahlifi ("fkohmb bhoi crhn-

nmbc") quhai bkoi h fkombmk prissk ah ^icmstrhtmkb Hutdkrmty Mthamhbh sm hppameh ah tutiah fia bkoi privm-sth fhaa'hrt. 3 e.e. Prisuppkstm fiaah tutiah skbk ma lhttk fiaa'usurphzmkbi i ma pricmufmzmk iekbkomek kokrhai edi bi puþ firmvhri h fhbbk fia tmtkahri fia bkoi.

Um trhtthvh fia ehsk ekbeirbibti ma fkombmk HAIUUMHOI^W.MV, bia quhai ma Cmufmei sm ä ekblkrohtk haa”kpmbmkbi siekbfkeum a”usk fia bkoi hatrum ä mbfinmtk hbedi si bkb vm ä virh i prkprmh usurphzmkbi (kssmh7 utmamzzk fia bkoi ekoi si lkssima prkprmk, emkä ‑hpprkprmhzmkbi‟), oh vm ä ub utmamzzk hnusmvk mb quhbtk ekoubqui bi firmvh ub pricmufmzmk hbedi skathbtkokrhai.

4.>.- Bkoi fm fkombmk i moprish

A”moprish ekbsmsti biaa”isiremzmk fm ub”httmvmtà iekbkomeh54.

Mb ohssmoh smbtism, a”krfmbhoibtk cmurmfmek tutiah ah amnirtà fm moprish if ha ekbtiopk ah ekrrittizzh fiaah ekbekrribzh,kssmh ah ‑quhamtà‟ fia oirehtk.

Ma edä mopameh ah pkssmnmamtà fm mfibtmlmehri ekb eirtizzh m skccittm iekbkomem, m akrk prkfkttm i sirvmzm.

Uu mbtirbit, ivmfibtioibti, ma prknaioh bkb ä pmý thbtk ekaaichri skccittm h ‑eksi‟, quhbtk haai mblkrohzmkbm edi amrmcuhrfhbk, qumbfm sm pirfi ah fmoibsmkbi ohtirmhai fia "prkfkttk", k quiaah pirskbhai fia "sirvmzmk", i sm ibtrh mb ubhfmoibsmkbi moohtirmhai.

^maivhbk tri bueaim bkrohtmvm7

54 Hrt. >04> EE Mopribfmtkri «Ä mopribfmtkri edm isiremth prklissmkbhaoibti ub'httmvmtà iekbkomeh krchbmzzhth ha lmbi fiaah prkfuzmkbik fiaak sehonmk fm nibm k fm sirvmzm º.







(8) Fmrmttk fiaah ekbekrribzh

Hrtmekak >9=4 Httm fm ekbekrribzh saihai.ZM_. Liroi ai fmspksmzmkbm edi ekbeirbkbk ah tutiah fim sicbm fmstmbtmvm Z>9<5 ss., >9<= ss._ i fim

fmrmttm fm nrivittk Z>946 ss._, ekopmi httm fm ekbekrribzh saihai edmubqui78) ush bkom k sicbm fmstmbtmvm mfkbim h prkfurri ekblusmkbi ekb m bkom k ekb m sicbm fmstmbtmvm aicmttm-

ohoibti ushtm fh hatrm, k momth sirvmaoibti m prkfkttm fm ub ekbekrribti, k ekopmi ekb quhasmhsm hatrkoizzk httm mfkbim h erihri ekblusmkbi ekb m prkfkttm i ekb a'httmvmtà fm ub ekbekrribti 5=:

>) fmllkbfi bktmzmi i hpprizzhoibtm sum prkfkttm i suaa'httmvmtà fm ub ekbekrribti, mfkbim h fitirom-bhrbi ma fmserifmtk, k sm hpprkprmh fm pricm fim prkfkttm k fiaa'moprish fm ub ekbekrribti 60:

5) sm vhai fmritthoibti k mbfmritthoibti fm kcbm hatrk oizzk bkb ekblkroi hm prmbempm fiaah ekrrit-tizzh prklissmkbhai i mfkbik h fhbbiccmhri a'hatrum hzmibfh Z8839_68.

Hrtmekak >9== Uhbzmkbm.ZM_. Ah sibtibzh edi heeirth httm fm ekbekrribzh saihai bi mbmnmsei ah ekbtmbuhzmkbi i fà cam kppkr-

tubm prkvvifmoibtm hllmbedí bi vibchbk iamombhtm cam illittm Z><00_.

Hrtmekak ><00 ^mshremoibtk fia fhbbk.ZM_. Ui cam httm fm ekbekrribzh saihai skbk ekopmutm ekb fkak k ekb ekaph, a'hutkri ä tibutk ha rmshrem-oibtk fim fhbbm Z>065_.

ZMM_. Mb thai mpktism puþ issiri krfmbhth ah punnamehzmkbi fiaah sibtibzh Z8>0 e.p.e._.ZMMM_. Heeirthtm cam httm fm ekbekrribzh, ah ekaph sm prisuoi.

(>) Fmrmttk mbfustrmhai

mb phrtmekahri, ah tutiah fim ‑sicbm fmstmbtmvm‟ fiaa”mopribfmtkri7(8) fmtth, k bkoi ekooiremhai (edi sm fmstmbcui fha bkoi fiaa”mopribfmtkri i fhaa”moprish ekoi skccittk cmurmfmek) (>) mbsicbh, bkoi edi mbfmvmfuh ah sifi fkvi sm svkaci a”httmvmtà fiaa”moprish: (5) ohredmk, iaioibtk edi ekbtrhffmstmbcui7

h. M prkfkttm fiaa”moprish (e.f. ‑ohredmk fm lhnnrmeh‟) n. M sirvmzm rism (e.f. ‑ohredmk fm sirvmzmk‟)

e. Ai oirem vibfuti ekoi ekooiremhbti (e.f. ‑ohredmk fm ekooiremk‟).

Hrtmekak >9<5 Fmtth.ZM_. A'mopribfmtkri Z>04>_ dh fmrmttk haa'usk iseausmvk fiaah fmtth fh aum priseiath.ZMM_. Ah fmtth, ekoubqui smh lkrohth, fivi ekbtibiri haoibk ma ekcbkoi k ah smcah fiaa'mopribfmtkri,

shavk quhbtk ä fmspkstk fhaa'hrtmekak >9<9 Z>9<<: >>8 trhbs._.

Hrtmekak >9<6 Okfmlmehzmkbi fiaah fmtth.

ZM_. Xuhbfk ah fmtth ä ucuhai k smomai h quiaah ushth fh hatrk mopribfmtkri i puþ erihri ekblusmkbiZ>9=4b. 8_ pir a'kccittk fiaa'moprish i pir ma aukck mb eum quisth ä isiremthth, fivi issiri mbticrhth k

okfmlmehth ekb mbfmehzmkbm mfkbii h fmlliribzmhrah Z>9<4_.ZMM_. Pir ai moprisi ekooiremham Z>8=9_ a'knnamck fiaa'mbticrhzmkbi k okfmlmehzmkbi spitth h edm dhmsermttk ah prkprmh fmtth bia ricmstrk fiaai moprisi mb ipkeh pkstirmkri Z>844_.

Hrtmekak >9<4 Mbsicbh.ZM_. Ai fmspksmzmkbm fia prmok ekooh fiaa'hrtmekak >9<6 sm hppamehbk haa'mbsicbh.

5= Ekbekrribzh ‑ekbluskrmh‟. 60 ‑Fibmcrhzmkbi‟ if ‑hpprkprmhzmkbi fm pricm‟. 68 ‑Eahuskah cibirhai‟.






Vistk fmspkbmnmai su ameibzh Erihtmvi Ekookbs - dttp7//erihtmviekookbs.krc/ameibsis/ny-be-bf/>.9/fiif.mt 8< / >6

(5) Fmrmttk f”hutkri

Ä pkssmnmai edi haa”mbtirbk fia ekfmei DVOA fiaai phcmbi vibchbk utmamzzhti fiaai ‑phrkai edmhvi‟ phrtmekahrm ha lmbi fmohbmpkahri ma pksmzmkbhoibtk fim smtm win sum oktkrm fm rmeireh.

Ma fmsekrsk ä okatk ekopamehtk i shrà hpprklkbfmtk mb sicumtk.

4.5.- Ah bkzmkbi fm ‑bkoi fm fkombmk‟

Fm sicumtk sm prkpkbi ubh rmekstruzmkbi edi bkb tmibi ekbtk fia pirekrsk stritthoibti erkbkakcmek, nibsá fm ubh skrthfm libkoibkakcmh akcmek-cmurmfmeh ha eum ekopmoibtk vm ä ah quhamlmehzmkbi bkrohtmvh.

Mb ohssmoh smbtism, ah cmurmsprufibzh sm ä sedmirhth su quhttrk pksmzmkbm6>7

(8) mrrmaivhbzh cmurmfmeh fia bkoi fm fkombmk mb quhbtk thai,(>) rmaivhbzh cmurmfmeh fia bkoi fm fkombmk mb quhbtk thai, oh ekoi ‑sicbk fmstmbtmvk‟ tmpmek, if mb phrtmekahri7

h. hssmomahnmai haa”mbsicbh n. hssmomahnmai ha ohredmk

(5) rmaivhbzh ekoi smbckak iaioibtk fiaah ekbfktth fm ‑ekbekrribzh saihai‟:

(6) rmaivhbzh cmurmfmeh fia bkoi fm fkombmk ekoi ‑sicbk fmstmbtmvk htmpmek‟. A”krmibthoibtk privhaibti ä pkm sthtk pksmtmvmzzhtk fha Aicmsahtkri.

4.5.8.- Mrrmaivhbzh fia bkoi h fkombmk

Um ekbsmfirhbk krh ai fiemsmkbm ioissi mb Mthamh.(8) VIUIK.MV, Vrmnubhai fm Nhrm, >6.3.8==<65

\h rispmbtk ma rmekrsk ix hrt. 300 e.p.e., prkpkstk fh ubh skemità ekooiremhai edi ahoibtm a'utmamzzkmbfinmtk fiaah prkprmh fibkombhzmkbi skemhai, fh phrti fm hatrh skemità, ekoi "fkohmb bhoi" mfibtmlmeh-tmvk fm ub "smtk" Mbtirbit, mb quhbtk, bkb hvibfk thai bkoi ah lubzmkbi fm mfibtmlmehri ma skccittk ediak utmamzzh, fmlitth ma pirmekak fm ekblusmkbi .

(>) UHNIBH.MV, Vrmnubhai Lmribzi >=.<.>000 mb quisth fiemsmkbi ä sthth bichth tutiah mb nhsi ha lhttk edi ma fkombmkbkb ä hatrk edi ubk struoibtk fm ripirmoibtk fm rmskrsi mblkrohtmedi, ekb ah skah lubzmkbi fm siopamlmehri ah"bhvmchzmkbi"66. A”krfmbhbzh fia Vrmnubhai fm Lmribzi hlliroh7

«Mb sksthbzh, ah ekrrmspkbfibzh ohredmk-fkombmk, bkb ä ub nibi hsskautk, bkb ä ub vhakri hssk-autk i, skprhttuttk, bkb ä ub prmbempmk pksmtmvhoibti shbemtk bia bkstrk krfmbhoibtk .. Xuistk cmufmei äekbvmbtk edi cam hspittm kpirhtmvm, tiebmem i akcmem prkprm fia Fkohmb Bhoi Uystio privhachbk suaa'utmamtàedi ah smbckah moprish puþ rmehvhri fhaah ekrrmspkbfibzh bkoi-fkombmk: edi tham hspittm kpirhtmvm, tie-bmem i akcmem hssmomambk pmý ma fkohmb bhoi hf ub mbfmrmzzk edi h ub sicbk mfibtmlmehtmvk fm ub skccittkº

(5) NAHYPYBJV.MV, Vrmnubhai fm Iopkam >5.88.>0007

«Ah cmurmsprufibzh edi sm ä keeuphth fiaah ohtirmh bicam uatmom hbbm (eksá ekoi ah sehrsh fkttrmbhrmbvibuth) bkb dh hbekrh rhccmubtk ub krmibthoibtk ekbekrfi mb krfmbi haah bhturh fia fkohmb bhoi,prisuppkstk lkbfhoibthai pir mbfmvmfuhri ma tmpk fm tutiah fh hfktthri. Privhaibtioibti ma fkohmbbhoi ä sthtk phrmlmehtk ha ohredmk k quhbtk oibk haa'mbsicbh if ä sthth rmtibuth hppamehnmai ahbkrohtmvh fm eum ha ^.F. >8 cmucbk 8=6> b. =>= i ah bkrohtmvh ekfmemstmeh mb ohtirmh fm ekbekrribzhsaihai.

6> Xum sm fmstmbcukbk pir ohccmkri edmhrizzh quhttrk pksmzmkbm, oibtri haeubm hssmomahbk ai mpktism (8) i (5)7 A. ̂ IBBH, Ma fmrmttk mbfustrmhaibiaah riti Mbtirbit7 bkom fm fkombmk, ekbtrhllhzmkbi i ekbekrribzh saihai , M bukvm ekbtrhttm biaah prhssm emvmai i ekooiremhai, \ka. M.Hccmkrbhoibtk, Vkrmbk7 Ytit (Ma fmrmttk prmvhtk biaah cmurmsprufibzh, ekaahbh fmritth fh Phkak Eibfkb) >004, p. >8

65 Vrmn. Nhrm, krfmbhbzh fia >6 aucamk 8==<, mb «Ma Lkrk Mthamhbkº (8==3), phrti M, phcc. >58< ss., i mb «Hbbham mthamhbm fia fmrmttk f'hutkri,fiaah euaturh i fiaak spitthekakº (8==4), phc. 9>> ekb bkth fm E. I. OH]^.66 Vrmn. Lmribzi, krfmbhbzh >= cmucbk >000, mb Fmr. mblkrohtmeh >000, <3> (bkth fm7 UHOOH^EK), Fmr. mbfustrmhai >000, 558 (bkth fm7NIAAKOYBBK).







Vhai phrmlmehzmkbi bkb hpphri issiri ekrritth i bkb puþ issiri ekbfmvmsh fh phrti fm quistkcmufmehbti issibfk ahophbti ah fmlliribzh ismstibti trh ma ohredmk (ehrhttirmzzhtk fh vhrm tmpm fm sicbmcrhlmem edi pksskbk lkrohri mblmbmti ekonmbhzmkbm), edi tutiah ma prkfkttk fm ubh moprish, hf ma fkohmbbhoi edi puþ issiri lkrohtk skathbtk fh aittiri k buoirm i edi ekstmtumsei iseausmvhoibti ub mbfm-rmzzk tiaiohtmek edi ekbsibti fm rhccmubciri ma smtk fh quhasmhsm phrti fia caknk. Mb Mbtirbit mblhttm bkbismsti haeub ekblmbi tirrmtkrmhai i tutti ai moprisi i cam ibtm fia okbfk dhbbk mbtirissi hf kttibiri ubfkohmb bhoi pir pktiri issiri rhccmubti ekb ah stissh lhemamth fh kcbm utibti edi smh lkrbmtk fm tiai-lkbk (lmssk, eiaauahri k shtiaamthri) i fm pirskbha ekoputir.

Ma fkohmb bhoi pirthbtk bkb tutiah mb haeub okfk ma prkfkttk hzmibfhai.

Ai ermtmedi edi sm pksskbk oukviri h quisti sibtibzi skbk fui7

(8) vmibi pirsmbk bichth ah lubzmkbi mfibtmlmehtmvh fia fkombmk, edi ä mbviei ah suh rhcmkb f”issiri.(>) sm hrrmvh h bichri sksthbzmhaoibti vhakri cmurmfmek bkb thbtk ha bkoi fm fkombmk, quhbtk haah pkssmnmamtà fm

tutiah fiaah ekrrittizzh fiaai mblkrohzmkbm mb ^iti.

4.5.>.- Bkoi fm fkombmk hssmomahtk h ub sicbk fmstmbtmvk tmpmek

4.5.>.8.- Bkoi fm fkombmk ? mbsicbh

Em skbk haeubi fiemsmkbm edi tibthbk ub”hzzhrfhth hbhakcmh trh ‑tirrmtkrmk‟ i ‑sphzmk vmrtuhai‟, hssmomahbfk ma bkoi fmfkombmk haa”mbfmrmzzk ‑vmrtuhai‟7

(8) NHBEKPKUVH.MV, \HCAMH.MV, ̂ HEEKOHBFHVH.MV, Vrmnubhai fm Okfibhh. Krfmbhbzh ix hrt. 300, >4/3/>000, rispmbtk rmekrsk fiaai Pkstin. Krfmbhbzh su rieahok, >5/4/>000 rivkeh prieifibti prkvvifmoibtk ehutiahrie. Uibtibzh fm oirmtk >4/6/>006

Ma bkoi h fkombmk ä hssmomahnmai haa'mbsicbh, piredí svkaci a'mfibtmeh lubzmkbi fm ekbtrhffmstmbcuirima aukck vmrtuhai mb eum a'mopribfmtkri kllri m prkprm prkfkttm k sirvmzm ha punnamek 69.

(>) HOHFIYU.MV Vrmnubhai fm Omahbk, 80.0<.=36<,

Ma "fkohmb bhoi" edi dh quhaedi hllmbmtà ekb ah lmcurh fiaa'mbsicbh, mb quhbtk ma smtk ekblmcurh maaukck vmrtuhai kvi a'mopribfmtkri ekbthtth ma eamibti lmbk h ekbeaufiri ekb issk ma ekbtrhttk 63.

Ah phrtmeiaah edi mbfmeh ma "tkp aivia fkohmb bhoi" (m.i. mt) fivi rmtibirsm prmvh fm httmtufmbi fmstmbtmvhmb quhbtk riahtmvh haah oirh akehamzzhzmkbi cikcrhlmeh fiaa'iahnkrhtkri 64.

(5) MVHAMHKBAMBI.MV, Vrmnubhai fm Mvrih, 8=.03.00

(6) OKFIBHKBAMBI.MV, Vrmnubhai fm Okfibh, 08.04.00

(9) OMUUMVHAMH.MV, Okfibh >5.9.>000

Ma bkoi h fkombmk, hsskavibfk hf ubh lubzmkbi fmstmbtmvh fiaa'utmamzzhtkri fia smtk, puþ issiri hssm-omahtk haa'mbsicbh. Pirthbtk, quhbfk vmibi ushtk ub bkoi h fkombmk ucuhai hf ub'mbsicbh cmà utmamz-zhth, ma ekblamttk ä rickahtk fhaah fmspksmzmkbi fm eum haa'hrt. >9<4 e.e. 6=

69 Vrmnubhai Okfibh >3 sittionri >006, mb ‑Fmr. mblkrohtmeh‟ >009, >48 (bkth fm7 FI OH^WM)6< Vrmn. Omahbk, krf.= cmucbk 8==3, mb "Fmrmttk fiaa'mblkrohtmeh i fiaa'mblkrohzmkbi", h eurh fm C. HAPH, (8==3), phc.=99.63 Vrmnubhai Omahbk 5 cmucbk 8==3, mb ‑Cmur. mt.‟ 8==3, M,>, <=3 (bkth fm7 PI]^KB)64 Vrmnubhai Omahbk 5 cmucbk 8==3, mb ‑Cmur. mt.‟ 8==3, M,>, <=3 (bkth fm7 PI]^KB).6= Vrmnubhai Okfibh >5 ohccmk >000, mb ‑Fmr. mblkrohtmeh‟ >000, <<9.







4.5.>.>.- Bkoi fm fkombmk ? ohredmk

(8) Vrmn. ^koh 80 linnrhmk >006, CHFM, >009, >>9 (6400)90.

4.5.>.5.- Bkoi fm fkombmk ekoi struoibtk fm ekbekrribzh saihai

Umb fhaai krmcmbm fiaak slrutthoibtk ekooiremhai fiaah ^iti sm skbk virmlmehti mpktism fm utmamzzk fia bkoi fm fkombmk ekbma lmbi fm lhashri ah ekbekrribzh.

Um pksskbk fhri haeubm isiopm mbtirisshbtm7(8) (8==6) OV\.EKO987 ub fmpibfibti fiaa”iomttibti tiaivmsmvh ousmehai hvivh ricmstrhtk ma bkoi fm fkombmk fia

suk fhtkri fm ahvkrk, utmamzzhbfkak pir ma suk smtk fm bktmzmhrmk sehbfhamstmek9>. Mb quistk cmufmzmk ma bkoi fm fkombmkä isprisshoibti iqumphrhtk h tiaipdkbi buonir obiokbmes95:

(>) (8==6) JHPAHB.EKO967 ak sekpk spiemlmek fiaah ricmstrhzmkbi fia fkombmk irh prkprmk quiaak fm serifmthri a”mstm-tuzmkbi ekbekrribti:

Um rmpkrth mb oirmtk ubh sibtibzh phrhfmcohtmeh mthamhbh.

(8) HAVH\MUVH.MV99, Vrmnubhai fm Cibkvh 8===7 a'utmamzzk fia fkombmk mb lubzmkbi fm ‑hcchbemhoibtk‟ haah bktkrmitàfia oktkri fm rmeireh "hathvmsth.eko" ä sthth shbzmkbhth hm sibsm fiaa'hrt.>9=4 aittirh 8 e.e., ekoi ekbekrribzhekbluskrmh. Ma Cmufmei bkth edi a”keeuphbti hnusmvk, fkpk hviri eisshtk a'utmamzzk fia fkombmk su mbvmtk fia tmtkahrifia ohredmk, ohbtibivh prissk ah ^.H. ah quhamtà fm hssicbhthrmk fia bkoi fm fkombmk, mopifibfk a”hssicbh-zmkbi ha aicmttmok tmtkahri:

4.5.5.- Bkoi fm fkombmk ekoi sicbk fmstmbtmvk htmpmek

(8) BHYVMAYU.MV9<, Vrmn. Pisehrh =.8.8==3, Fmr. mblkrohzmkbi i mblkrohtmeh, 8==3, =9>, sm hppameh ma prmbempmk fm riah-tmvmtà fiaah tutiah. Ma cmufmei hpphri mb crhvi fmllmekatà, i ekopibsh phrzmhaoibti ai spisi fm cmufmzmk, mb eum sm

rmcitth ma rmekrsk prisibthtk fh ub hcibti punnamemthrmk ekbtrk ub prkvmfir pir saihai ekbekrribzh, mb nhsi h7 (8)ohbehbzh fm pirmeuauo mb okrh, (>) fmlittk fm hllmbmtà fim sittkrm: (5) ohbehbzh fm krmcmbhamtà fia ohredmk "bhutmaus".

(>) PK^VHPK^VIUI.MV, Vrmn ^koh >.4.8==3, Lkrk mt. 8==4,-M, =>5: Oh prkprmk ah skomcamhbzh fiaai httmvmtà iekbk-omedi ekopkrth a”hssmomahzmkbi fia fkombmk haah tutiah fia ohredmk mb ubh fmvirsh krfmbhbzh, sua fkombmk PK^-VHPK^VIUI.MV93: fh bkthri edi ma rmekrribti, edi kttmibi tutiah, hvivh ricmstrhtk ub fkombmk smomai94.

90 Oibzmkbhth mb E.U.O., Ma ekfmei fiaah prkprmità mbfustrmhai ^koh 83-84 sittionri >003, Bkom h fkombmk i tutiah fiaah prkprmitàmbfustrmhai mb Mbtirbit bia e.p.m. Ciriomh Ehshnurm, Cmufmei fiaah sizmkbi p.m.m. fia Vrmnubhai fm Bhpkam

98 Otv bitwkrjs Mbe., v. Hfho Eurry , Ybmtif Uthtis Fmstrmet Ekurt, U.F. Biw ]krj. >4 kttknri 8==6, (4<3 L. Uupp. >0>).9> Otv Bitwkrjs, h Fmvmsmkb kl \mheko Mbtirbhtmkbha, Mbe., vs. Hfho Eurry , Bk. =6 Emv. 5>38 (AOO), Ybmtif Uthtis Fmstrmet Ekurt, U.F.Biw ]krj. >4 kttknri 8==6.

95 Mb YUH irh ekbsuitufmbi ― lkrsi krohm bkb trkppk fmllush ― isprmoiri m buoirm hbedi ekoi sueeissmkbm fm aittiri, pirthbtk aimoprisi tibfkbk hf utmamzzhri ah sueeissmkbi fm thstk fh prioiri ekoi sicbk fmstmbtmvk: fubqui ah ekblusmkbi biaah fmcmthzmkbi fiaahsirmi fm puashbtm ä pubmth ekoi ekbtrhllhzmkbi fm ohredmk. Pir isiopmk sm vifh ma ehsk Hoirmehb Hmrambis Mbe. v. H. 8-400-h-o-i-r-m-e-h-b Ekrp., <>> L. Uuppa. <35 (BF Maa.8=49).

96 Bia 8==6, ma fmrittkri fiaah Prmbeitkb ̂ ivmiw , seukah prmvhth, ricmstrþ ma fkombmk mbtisthtk h ub mstmtutk ekbekrribti, Jhpahb IfuehtmkbhaEibtir , mbsiribfk mblkrohzmkbm serifmthbtm, mbkatri fmedmhrþ fm hvirak lhttk skak pir fmspittk bim ekblrkbtm fia fmrittkri fiaah Jhpahb, E.I. OH]^, M fkohmb bhois i m fmrmttm sum sicbm fmstmbtmvm7 ubh ekismstibzh prknaiohtmeh , mb «Hbbham mthamhbm fia fmrmttk f'hutkri, fiaah euaturhi fiaak spitthekakº (8==<), p. >58 b. 56 Pir hpprklkbfmoibtm, Vdi Prmbeitkb ^ivmiw Ohbhcioibt Ekrp vs. Uthbaiy D. Jhpahb Ifu-ehtmkbha Eibtri, Atf. (=6 Emv.8<06 (OCE) (U.F.B.], lmaif Ohred =, 8==6).

99 Vrmn. Cibkvh Uiz. M\ emv., krfmbhbzh 8> kttknri 8===, mb «Fmrmttk fiaa'mblkrohzmkbi i fiaa'mblkrohtmehº (>000), phc.568.9< Vrmn. Pisehrh, krfmbhbzh = cibbhmk 8==3, mb «Fmrmttk fiaa'mblkrohzmkbi i fiaa'mblkrohtmehº (8==3), phc. =9>.93 Vrmn. ^koh siz. M, krf.> hckstk 8==3, mb "Fmrmttk fiaa'mblkrohzmkbi i fiaa'mblkrohtmeh", h eurh fm C. HAPH, (8==3), phc.=<8.94 "PK^VH-PK^VIUI.MV", kokbmok fiaah tisthth ifmtkrmhai ehrtheih cistmth.






Vistk fmspkbmnmai su ameibzh Erihtmvi Ekookbs - dttp7//erihtmviekookbs.krc/ameibsis/ny-be-bf/>.9/fiif.mt 8= / >6

(5) PIYCIKV,MV Prit. \hafhcbk >3.9.8==4, Cmur. mt. 8==4, M, >, 8439, Vrmn. \meibzh <.3.8==4. Cmur. mt. 8==4, M, >56>

(6) OMUUMVHAMH.MV, Vrmn. ̂ iccmk Iomamh, >=.9.>000.

M bkom h fkombmk, hsskavibfk ubh lubzmkbi fmstmbtmvh fiaa'utmamzzhtkri fia smtk, skbk hssmomahnmam hm

sicbm fmstmbtmvm fiaa'moprish. Pirthbtk, quhakrh vibch ushtk ub bkoi h fkombmk ucuhai hf ub ohredmkricmstrhtk, ma ekblamttk vh rickahtk mb nhsi haai bkroi ekbeirbibtm ma ohredmk 9=.

(9) EH^PKMBV.MV, Vrmn. ^koh =/5/>000<0, rmcittk fiaah rmedmisth fm mbmnmtkrmh i ekopibshzmkbi fiaai spisi fm cmufmzmk,hllirohbfk ah bhturh fm sicbk fmstmbtmvk mb riahzmkbi haah lubzmkbi svkath bia sittkri iekbkomek<8, fm mbfmvmfuhzmkbifiaah httmvmtà ekbbissh, i bichbfk ah sussmstibzh fm rmsedmk fm ekblusmkbi mb nhsi haah fmvirsmtà tirrmtkrmhai fiaoirehtk, i mb nhsi haah bhturh "finkai" fia ohredmk, firmvhbti fhaah hsskemhzmkbi fm isprissmkbm cibirmedi. Ma ehskä rmaivhbti piredí m fui bkom fm fkombmk skbk ishtthoibti mfibtmem, oh pkstm su amviaam fmvirsm, i piredí sm hllirohah tirrmtkrmhamtà fiaah tutiah fia ohredmk, eksh edi biaah îti pirfi sibsk, ekoi vifriok, pir fmstmbcuiri fuihttmvmtà iekbkomedi biaak stissk sittkri.

(<) VIEDBK\MFIK.EKO<> prisibth fkohmb crhnnmbc ubmtk h "eahssmeh" ekbekrribzh saihai, mb quhbtk ma tirzk, shb-zmkbhtk, sm lh hssicbhri ub fkombmk mfibtmek pir UAF h ub ohredmk ricmstrhtk, prkpkbibfk haa'mbtirbk fia smtk,ekoi si lkssi prkprmk, ma prkfkttk hatrum.

(3) MBH.MV<5 ma prkvmfir ä fmedmhrhtk rispkbshnmai fiaah vmkahzmkbi fia ohredmk i fiaah ekbekrribzh saihai piredí, biaahmpktism fm ohredmk rmbkohtk, ekblmcurh bicamcibzh ah lkrbmturh fm suppkrtk tiebmek h ub skccittk edi phaisioibtiekopmi ub maaiemtk7 hvrinni fkvutk heekrcirsm fiaa'maameimtà fiaah ekbfktth fia ekbvibutk.

(4) Bia ehsk LAKÎBEIKBAMBI.MV<6 ma fkombmk fm UAF ekrrmspkbfi haah fibkombhzmkbi skemhai fm ubh pirskbhcmurmfmeh, ma cmufmei bi mbmnmsei a'usk, edi hssuoi hviri ehrhttiri mbfmvmfuhbti, krfmbh ah punnamehzmkbi sua smtk iah ekoubmehzmkbi7 «hm cistkrm fiaah îti edi dhbbk ekbeissk a'utmamzzk fia smtkº (bkthri a”isprissmkbi hsskauth-

oibti ‑htiebmeh‟).

4.6.- Ah skauzmkbi aicmsahtmvh7 F. Acs. 50/>009 «Ekfmei fiaah prkprmità mbfustrmhaiº

Ma Ekfmei fiaah prkprmità mbfustrmhai dh rmskatk ah fmsputh fkttrmbhai i cmurmsprufibzmhai ekb haeubi fmspksmzmkbm <9, if mbphrtmekahri7

- a'hrt. 8>, ekooh 8, aitt. e) e.p.m iseaufi edi pksshbk ricmstrhrsm ekoi ohredm pir ohbehbzh fm bkvmtà quim sicbmmfibtmem k smomam h fkombm hzmibfham:

Hrt.8> Bkvmtà8. Bkb pksskbk ekstmtumri kccittk fm ricmstrhzmkbi ekoi ohredmk f'moprish m sicbm edi haah fhth fia

fipksmtk fiaah fkohbfh7 Z…_

9= Vrmnubhai îccmk Iomamh, 50 ohccmk >000, ‑Fmr. mblkrohtmeh‟ >000, <<4<0 Vrmn. ^koh krfmbhbzh = ohrzk >000, mb «Fmrmttk fiaa'mblkrohzmkbi i fiaa'mblkrohtmehº (>000), phc. 5<0.<8 Ma fkombmk ekbekrribti irh EH^PKMBV.OUB.EKO.<> Vrmn. \irkbh, krf.>9 ohccmk 8===.<5 Vrmn. ^koh, krf.>> ohrzk 8===, mb "Fmrmttk fiaa'mblkrohzmkbi i fiaa'mblkrohtmeh", h eurh fm C. HAPH, (>000), phc. <<, ekb bkth fm

P.UHOOHÊK.<6 Vrmn. Bhpkam, krf.>3 ohccmk >000.<9 F. Acs. 80 linnrhmk >009 b.50 (mb Uuppa. krfmbhrmk b. >4 haah Chzz. Yll., 6 ohrzk, b. 9>). - Ekfmei fiaah prkprmità mbfustrmhai, h bkrohfiaa'hrtmekak 89 fiaah aicci 8> fmeionri >00>, b. >35.






Vistk fmspkbmnmai su ameibzh Erihtmvi Ekookbs - dttp7//erihtmviekookbs.krc/ameibsis/ny-be-bf/>.9/fiif.mt >0 / >6

n) smhbk mfibtmem k smomam h ub sicbk cmh' bktk ekoi fmtth, fibkombhzmkbi k rhcmkbi skemhai, mbsicbhi bkoi h fkombmk ushtk biaa'httmvmth' iekbkomeh, k hatrk sicbk fmstmbtmvk hfktthtk fh hatrm, si h ehushfiaah mfibtmth' k skomcamhbzh lrh m sicbm i fiaa'mfibtmth' k hllmbmth' lrh a'httmvmth' f'moprish fh quistm isirem-thth if m prkfkttm k sirvmzm pir m quham ma ohredmk i' ricmstrhtk pkssh fitirombhrsm ub rmsedmk fm ekblusmkbipir ma punnamek, edi puk' ekbsmstiri hbedi mb ub rmsedmk fm hsskemhzmkbi lrh m fui sicbm. Z…_

- a'hrt. >> e.p.m. iseaufi edi pkssh hfktthrsm ekoi fkombmk hzmibfhai ub sicbk smomai haa'hatrum ohredmk:

Hrtmekak >> Ybmthrmità fim sicbm fmstmbtmvm8. Ä vmithtk hfktthri ekoi fmtth, fibkombhzmkbi k rhcmkbi skemhai, mbsicbh i bkoi h fkombmk fm ub

smtk ushtk biaa'httmvmth' iekbkomeh k hatrk sicbk fmstmbtmvk ub sicbk ucuhai k smomai haa'hatrum ohredmk si,h ehush fiaa'mfibtmtà k fiaa'hllmbmtà trh a'httmvmtà fm moprish fim tmtkahrm fm quim sicbm if m prkfkttm k sirvmzmpir m quham ma ohredmk ä hfktthtk, pkssh fitirombhrsm ub rmsedmk fm ekblusmkbi pir ma punnamek edi puþekbsmstiri hbedi mb ub rmsedmk fm hsskemhzmkbi lrh m fui sicbm.

>. Ma fmvmitk fm eum ha ekooh 8 sm istibfi haa'hfkzmkbi ekoi fmtth, fibkombhzmkbi k rhcmkbi skemhai,mbsicbh i bkoi h fkombmk fm ub smtk ushtk biaa'httmvmth' iekbkomeh k hatrk sicbk fmstmbtmvk fm ub sicbkucuhai k smomai hf ub ohredmk ricmstrhtk pir prkfkttm k sirvmzm hbedi bkb hllmbm, edi ckfh biaak Uthtk fmrmbkohbzh si a'usk fia sicbk sibzh cmustk oktmvk ekbsibti fm trhrri mbfinmthoibti vhbthccmk fha ehrht-tiri fmstmbtmvk k fhaah rmbkohbzh fia ohredmk k rieh pricmufmzmk hcam stissm.

- a'hrt. 884, ekooh <, e.p.m. sthnmamsei edi ah ricmstrhzmkbi fm ub bkoi h fkombmk hzmibfhai ekbeissh mb vmkahzmkbifiaa'hrt. >> e.p.m. k mb ohah lifi, pkssh issiri rivkehth k trhslirmth fhaa'hutkrmtà fm ricmstrhzmkbi ha rmedmifibti:

Hrt.884 ^mvibfmeh<. Uhavk a'hppamehzmkbi fm kcbm hatrh tutiah, ah ricmstrhzmkbi fm bkoi h fkombmk hzmibfhai ekbeissh

mb vmkahzmkbi fiaa'hrtmekak >> k rmedmisth mb ohah lifi, puþ issiri, su fkohbfh fiaa'hvibti fmrmttk, rivk-ehth kppuri h aum trhslirmth fh phrti fiaa'hutkrmtà fm ricmstrhzmkbi.

- a'hrt. 855 e.p.m. privifi a'mbmnmtkrmh fiaa'usk fia bkoi fm fkombmk hzmibfhai.

Hrt. 855. Vutiah ehutiahri fim bkom h fkombmk8. A'Hutkrmtà cmufmzmhrmh puþ fmspkrri, mb vmh ehutiahri, katri haa'mbmnmtkrmh fiaa'usk biaa'httmvmth' iekbk-

omeh fia bkoi h fkombmk maaicmttmohoibti ricmstrhtk, hbedi ma suk trhslirmoibtk prkvvmskrmk, sunkrfmbhb-

fkak, si rmtibutk kppkrtubk, haah pristhzmkbi fm mfkbih ehuzmkbi fh phrti fia nibilmemhrmk fia prkvvifm-oibtk.

4.9.- A”heekcamoibtk fh phrti fiaah cmurmsprufibzh

4.9.8.- Vrmnubhai fm Virhok 85.80.>003

Ma "fkohmb bhoi" ä ub mbfmrmzzk halhbuoirmek fha pubtk fm vmsth fiaai rickai fm "bhombc ", oibtri fhapubtk fm vmsth cmurmfmek ä ub "sicbk htmpmek " edi mbfmeh ubh httmvmtà ekrrmspkbfibti h quiaah edi vmibiisiremthth haa'mbtirbk fia smtk riahtmvk<<.

4.9.>.- Vrmnubhai Nhrm >5/=/>080

Pkstk edi7 h) ma bkoi h fkombmk "mnurrhek.eko" prkfuei ekblusmkbi ekb m ohredm ekoubmthrm "Nurrh-ekbambi" i "Nurrhek", mb rhcmkbi fiaa'ivmfibti hsskbhbzh ambcumstmeh i fiaah ekmbemfibzh trh m prklmam ficamutibtm fim sirvmzm kllirtm fhm rmspittmvm tmtkahrm: n) ma "pirmeuauo mb okrh" fivi rmtibirsm "mb ri mpsh", vh mbmnmtkmb vmh ehutiahri a'usk, mb quhasmhsm lkroh i okfk, fia prifittk bkoi h fkombmk, lmsshbfk ubh pibhai pirkcbm sueeissmvh vmkahzmkbi i fmspkbibfk ah punnamehzmkbi fia fmspksmtmvk su ub quktmfmhbk akehai <3.

<< Vrmnubhai Virhok, 85 kttknri >003, ‑PXO‟ >004, 8, 35 (s.o.) (bkth fm7 Lusek ) <3 Vrmnubhai Nhrm, >5 sittionri >080, ‑Lkrk mt.‟ >088, 8, M, >64





2 Yatirmkrm rmoifm7 ai prkeifuri fm rmhssicbhzmkbi k OHP (Ohbfhtkry Hfombmstrhtmvi Prkeiifmbcs) 2


4.9.5.- Ekrti fm Ehsshzmkbi >6<>0/>080

Bia pirmkfk hbtirmkri haa'ibtrhth mb vmckri fia ekfmei fiaah prkprmità mbfustrmhai (f.ac. 80 linnrhmk>009 b. 50), hbedi hm bkom fm fkombmk (fm smtk Mbtirbit) fivi hppamehrsm, sinnibi sm trhttm fm sicbm fmstmb-tmvm htmpmem, ma r.f. >8 cmucbk 8=6> b. =>=, issibfk issm struoibtm httrhvirsk eum heeifiri, biaa'honmtk fmmbtirbit, hf ub vhstk oirehtk ekooiremhai fm fmoibsmkbm caknham edi ekbsibtkbk fm mfibtmlmehri ma tmtkahrifia smtk win if m prkfkttm i sirvmzm kllirtm ha punnamek, kbfi tham bkom rmvistkbk ubh virh i prkprmh ehph-emtà fmstmbtmvh, mb quhbtk, siekbfk ah httuhai ekbeizmkbi suaah bhturh i suaah lubzmkbi fia ohredmk, bkb sm

amomtmbk hf mbfmehri ah prkvibmibzh fia prkfkttk k fia sirvmzmk, oh svkachbk ubh lubzmkbi punnamemthrmh isuccistmvh edi dh ah lmbhamtà fm httrhrri ma ekbsuohtkri, mbfueibfkak haa'hequmstk<4.

=.- Yatirmkrm rmoifm7 ai prkeifuri fm rmhssicbhzmkbi k OHP (Ohbfhtkry Hfombmstrhtmvi Prkeiifmbcs)

Keekrri virmlmehri quham rmoifm hnnmh h fmspksmzmkbi ekaum ma quhai m btibfh ekbtisthri a”hssicbhzmkbi fm ub bkoi hfkombmk edi smh hvvibuth h lhvkri fm tirzm, i edmifiri edi ma oifismok bkoi h fkombmk cam vibch trhslirmtk.

Issibzmhaoibti vm skbk fmvirsm struoibtm pir isiremthri m prkprm fmrmttm7

(8) cmufmzmk krfmbhrmk(>) hrnmtrhtk

h. rmtuhai (rmoifmk fm vhakri cmurmsfmzmkbhai)

n. mrrmtuhai (ekbtiopahtk biaai AH^ fim fkombm MV, riahtmvhoibti haai prkeifuri ‑hsmberkbi‟ fm ricmstrhzmkbi). (5) prkeifurh ixtrhcmufmzmhai (HF^)Ma smstioh fim bkom h fkombmk ä smbckahri piredí ekbtmibi ubh spiemlmeh rickahoibthzmkbi okatk hvhbzhth mb tioh fm

HF^ ( Hatirbhtmvi Fmsputi ̂ iskautmkb). A”MEHBB fha >6 kttknri 8=== prkpkbi mblhttm hm ohbthmbir i hm tmtkahrm fm fkombm haeubifmrittmvi ― ah Ybmlkro Fkohmb Bhoi Fmsputi îskautmkb Pkamey ― i ubh spiemlmeh prkeifurh fm ekbemamhzmkbi ― ai ûais lkrYbmlkro Fkohmb Bhoi Fmsputi îskautmkb Pkamey ― edi pksskbk issiri sediohtmzzhti ekoi sicui7

(8) ma rmekrribti sm rmvkaci ha FÛP (Fmsputi îskautmkb Uirvmei Prkvmfir ) prisibthbfk rmekrsk i riahtmvh fkeuoib-thzmkbi:

(>) ma FÛP mbkatrh ah fkohbfh ha tmtkahri fia bkoi h fkombmk, mbvmthbfkak h fmlibfirsm, fipksmthbfk ai prkprmiripamedi ibtrk >0 cmkrbm:

(5) ma FÛP, rheekath ah fkeuoibthzmkbi fiaai phrtm, bkombh ma ekaaicmk ficam ispirtm (Phbia):(6) ma Phbia, ibtrk m sueeissmvm 86 cmkrbm puþ fiemfiri mb fui okfm7

h. rispmbciri ma rmekrsk.n. heekcamiri ma rmekrsk7 ma ricmstrk puþ ehbeiaahri k trhslirmri ma fkombmk, shavk edi ma rismstibti rmekrrh haah

ohcmstrhturh bim sueeissmvm 80 cmkrbm.Krh, keekrri ekopribfiri quham smhbk m ermtirm fm cmufmzmk biaai vmeibfi mb kccittk siekbfk ai OHP fm MEHBB.Issibzmhaoibti, vm skbk tri riqumsmtm edi ah fkohbfh fm tutiah fivi pkssifiri pir issiri heekath i qumbfm hllmbedí smh

fmspksth ah ehbeiaahzmkbi k ma trhslirmoibtk fia bkoi h fkombmk (hrt. 5)7(8) Bkoi h fkombmk mfibtmek k ekblkbfmnmai ekb ub ohredmk ricmstrhtk su eum ma rmekrribti vhbth fim fmrmttm:(>) Ohbehbzh fm fmrmttk k mbtirissi cmurmfmehoibti tutiahnmai mb riahzmkbi ha fkombmk:(5) Ma bkoi h fkombmk ä sthtk ricmstrhtk i vmibi ushtk mb ohah lifi.

Hm lmbm fiaah vhauthzmkbi fiaah ohahlifi (pubtk 6 prieifibti), fivi issiri prkvhth ubh trh ai quhttrk sicuibtm emrek-sthbzi (hrt. 6)7

(8) ak sekpk prmbemphai fiaa”hequmstk fia bkoi h fkombmk ä quiaak fm eifirak ha rmekrribti k hf hatrm ekb ub utmai ekbsmfi-rivkaoibti supirmkri haa”isnkrsk fim ekstm fm ricmstrhzmkbi:

(>) ma fkombmk ä sthtk ricmstrhtk pir privibmri ah ricmstrhzmkbi fia bkoi h fkombmk fh phrti fia aicmttmok tmtkahri fm ubohredmk:

(5) ma fkombmk ä sthtk ricmstrhtk prmbemphaoibti pir fhbbiccmhri a”httmvmtà fia ekbekrribti:(6) ma fkombmk ä sthtk ricmstrhtk mbtibzmkbhaoibti pir hpprklmtthri fiaah bktkrmità fia ekbekrribti, httrhibfk cam utibtm fm

Mbtirbit sua prkprmk smtk win erihbfk ekblusmkbi ekb ma ohredmk hatrum.

<4 Ehsshzmkbi emvmai siz. M, 5 fmeionri >080 b. >6<>0, mb ‑îf. Cmust. emv. Ohss.‟ >080, 8>.





2 (*) Hpprklkbfmoibtm 2

Vistk fmspkbmnmai su ameibzh Erihtmvi Ekookbs - dttp7//erihtmviekookbs.krc/ameibsis/ny-be-bf/>.9/fiif.mt >> / >6

Ai rickai riahtmvi haai prkeifuri fm rmhssicbhzmkbi fitthti fha îcmstrk ‑MV‟ skbk amivioibti fmvirsi.(8) ma rmekrribti fivi prisibthri ha îcmstrk ubh ‑kppksmzmkbi‟ ha ohbtibmoibtk fia fkombmk. Xuisth ä ubh ekbfm-

zmkbi fm hoomssmnmamtà fiaah prkeifurh fm rmhssicbhzmkbi:(>) ma ̂ icmstrk ekoubmeh ha tmtkahri fia fkombmk ah sussmstibzh fiaa”kppksmzmkbi, mbvmthbfkak h prisibthri ai prkprmi

fmlisi:

(5) sueeissmvhoibti, quhakrh ai phrtm bkb rmekrrhbk ekbsibsuhaoibti hf ub hrnmtrhtk, puþ issiri mbtrkfktth ahprkeifurh fm rmhssicbhzmkbi7h. «Ah prkeifurh fm rmhssicbhzmkbi dh ak sekpk fm trhslirmri a”hssicbhzmkbi fia bkoi h fkombmk h edm bi dh

ma fmrmttk quhakrh ma rieahohbti prkvm edi ma îcmstrhbti bkb hnnmh tmtkak haa”usk k haah fmspkbmnmamtà cmurmfmehi edi ma bkoi h fkombmk smh sthtk ricmstrhtk i ohbtibutk mb ohahlifiº<= :

n. «Ekbfmzmkbi bieisshrmh pir mbtrkfurri vhamfhoibti ah prkeifurh fm rmhssicbhzmkbi ä edi ma bkoi h fk-ombmk smh sthtk privibtmvhoibti kccittk f”kppksmzmkbi fh phrti fiaak stissk skccittk edi dh mbtibzmkbifm mbtrkfurri ah prkeifurh fm rmhssicbhzmkbi. Ah prkeifurh fm rmhssicbhzmkbi puþ issiri mbmzmhth skak fhskccittm ekoubmthrm. Puþ issiri hatrisá mbtrkfktth mb bkoi prkprmk i pir ekbtk fm pirskbh lmsmeh k cmurmfmehbkb hpphrtibibti haa'Ybmkbi Iurkpih puredí smhbk ivmfibzmhtm cam hutkbkom tmtkam fia rieahohbti oifmhbti prkvi fkeuoibtham º30.

e. «Ekbfmzmkbm pir kttibiri ah rmhssicbhzmkbi fm ub bkoi h fkombmk skbk fh ub ahtk, edi edm ak dh skttkpkstkh kppksmzmkbi vhbtm ub fmrmttk suaak stissk i, fhaa'hatrk, edi ma îcmstrhbti bkb hnnmh haeub fmrmttk k tmtkak habkoi h fkombmk i edi ak stissk smh sthtk ricmstrhtk i ohbtibutk mb ohahlifi. Ukttk ma prmok prklmak, hvibfkmbtibzmkbi fm httmvhri ubh rmhssicbhzmkbi, ä bieisshrmk virmlmehri si sm pkssh fmokstrhri ah tmtkahrmtà fm ub prkprmk fmrmttk sua bkoi h fkombmk edi sm mbtibfi skttkpkrri h thai prkeifurh (pir isiopmk, fmrmttm fm prk- prmità mbtiaaittuhai kf mbfustrmhai, quhai ohredm, fmrmttk f”hutkri, fmrmttk haah fibkombhzmkbi i rhcmkbi sk-emhai, haah fmtth, haa”mbsicbh, ha bkoi prkprmk i ekcbkoi), bkbedí ai emreksthbzi fm ohah lifi mb eum maîcmstrhbti hvrinni ricmstrhtk i ohbtibutk ma bkoi h fkombmk fm mbtirissiº38.

80.- (*) Hpprklkbfmoibtm

Um pksskbk oibzmkbhri fui uatirmkrm isiopm edi ohbmlisthbk m prknaiom fiaah tutiah fim bkom h fkombmk.

80.8.- HBFHAH.MV i ah ‑ohbkomssmkbi‟ fia FBU (Vrmn. Ehcamhrm, krfmbhbzh 84 hprmai >000)

Um bktm ah sueeissmkbi erkbkakcmeh7- 84/88/8===, bktmzmh fiaah ekstmtuzmkbi fiaah skemità "Hbfhah YOVU s.p.h."- >>/88/8===, fkohbfh fm ricmstrhzmkbi fia ohredmk ‑hbfhah‟ fh phrti fm Vmseham U.p.h.

- 8>/8>/8===, hssicbhzmkbi fia fkombmk HBFHAH.MV h skccittk edi vhbth ub ‑priusk‟ fia ohredmk rmcuhrfhbtiahophfi pir ispksmzmkbm fha 8==<, oibtri ma rmekrribti (Vmseham U.p.H.) kttmibi ekoubqui a”hssicbhzmkbi fm hatrmfkombm fhaah ^H, "hbfhahs.mt" i "hbfhahuots.mt".

- Ma skccittk edi sm suppkbi filrhufhtk, issibfk prkvmfir, ksthekah ah vmsmnmamtà fia smtk ekrrmspkbfibti ha fkombmkekbtrkvirsk. Mblhttm, issibfk cistkri fm ekbbissmkbm h Mbtirbit, Heeiss Prkvmfir , cam utibtm edi sm ekbbittivhbk

httrhvirsk m sirvmzm "tmsehambit.mt" bkb pktivhbk ekaaichrsm ekb ma fkombmk "hbfhah.mt" mb quhbtk m bhoisirvirs fiacistkri bkb irhbk vkauthoibti hccmkrbhtm, mopifibfk edi lkssi hsskemhtk ma fkombmk haa'mbfmrmzzk akcmek fia smtk.Vhai ekbfktth mbtrkfuei ubh crhvi fmserhsmh haa'mbtirbk fiaah îti, if ä eibsurhth fhaah Bitmquitti. Ma cistkri rm-okssi a'ksthekak skak fkpk mbcmubzmkbi fiaah ^H.

- Mb kcbm ehsk, ma cmufmei ekblmcurh ah ohahlifi fia rismstibti i prkvvifi h lhvkri fia prkvmfir.

80.>.- HÔHBM.MV i ma ‑ekstk fiaah Cmustmzmh‟

<= Pubtk 6.>.> Uekpk, prkeifurh fm rmhssicbhzmkbi.30 6.>.5 Prisuppkstm pir a”mbtrkfuzmkbi fiaah prkeifurh, prkeifurh fm rmhssicbhzmkbi.38 Pubtk 6.>.6 \irmlmeh fim fmrmttm sua bkoi h fkombmk, prkeifurh fm rmhssicbhzmkbi.





2 Prmbempham rmlirmoibtm 2


Nrivmssmok rmhssubtk fim lhttm7- 8==37 ma smc. Aueh Hrohbm, mopribfmtkri nirchohsek fm Vrivmcamk, ricmstrh HÔHBM.MV pir prkoukviri ma suk tmonrm-

lmemk.- 8==4, >> kttknri, Cmkrcmk Hrohbm ― stmamsth ― emth mb cmufmzmk a”hssicbhthrmk pir kttibiri ah rmhssicbhzmkbi fia fk-

ombmk.- >005, 5 ohrzk, Cmkrcmk Hrohbm kttmibi ah ekbfhbbh fia ekbvibutk

- Aueh Hrohbm fmedmhrh ak semkpirk fiaah lhoi3> i prkpkbi hppiaak35 - >006, Aueh Hrohbm rmbubemh hcam httm mb Hppiaak i eifi h tmtkak crhtumtk ma fkombmk haah Cmkrcmk Hrohbm UpH36.

- >003, Aueh Hrohbm mbvkeh fm bukvk ak semkpirk fiaah lhoi39

- >00=, ohrzk, Aueh Hrohbm edmufi a”hzmibfh piredí sedmheemhtk fhm finmtm pir ai spisi aicham «Pir ma smtk Mbtirbitekb ma ekcbkoi fm lhomcamh, Cmkrcmk Hrohbm dh fhtk h Aueh 890.000 iurk, oh hbbm fm prkeissm, spmich a”ukok, skbkeksthtm ma trmpak. Aueh Hrohbm fmei fm issiri sedmheemhtk fhm finmtm i edi lrh pkedi sittmohbi ah nhbeh ak oittirà mboizzk h ubh strhfh, pmcbkrhbfkcam ehsh i ahnkrhtkrmkº3<

88.- Prmbempham rmlirmoibtm

Oifmhsit U.p.H. v. Fmfmir Ohfmnh, Libmemus AAE, Ehsi Bk. F>088-8=96, (SMPK Hrnmtrhtmkb hbf Oifmhtmkb Eibtir,Hfombmstrhtmvi Phbia Fiemsmkb >08>).

HCH^, ^MEDH^F GKDB OHVVDIS, Vdi Fkohmb Bhoi Uystio (FBU)7 Uieurmty edhaaibcis hbf moprkvioibts, mb «Uieurmtyº(>00=), pp. 0-808.

NHAA, GHOIU, Oiit tdi sivib pikpai wdk dkaf tdi jiys tk wkrafwmfi mbtirbit sieurmty , mb «Vdi Cuhrfmhbº >4 Linruhry>086.

NKH^F, MBVI^BIV HÊDMVIEVYÎ, ^LE >4><. MHN Viedbmeha Ekooibt kb tdi Ybmqui FBU ^kkt , >000.

EDIYBC, U., Fibmha kl sirvmei hchmbst tdi Fkohmb Bhoi Uystio, mb «MIII Uieurmty & Prmvhey Ohchzmbiº 6, b. 8 (>00<),pp. 60-69.

JAIBUMB, GKDB, ^LE 94=0. Mbtirbhtmkbhamzif Fkohmb Bhois lkr Hppamehtmkbs (MFBH)7 Filmbmtmkbs hbf FkeuoibtLrhoiwkrj 7 Mbtirbit Ibcmbiirmbc Vhsj Lkrei (MIVL), >080.

---, ^LE 94=8. Mbtirbhtmkbhamzif Fkohmb Bhois mb Hppamehtmkbs (MFBH)7 Prktkeka , mb « (>080).

---, ^LE 94=6. Mbtirbhtmkbhamzif Fkohmb Bhois lkr Hppamehtmkbs (MFBH)7 Nhejcrkubf, Ixpahbhtmkb, hbf ̂ htmkbhai7 Mbtirbit

Ibcmbiirmbc Vhsj Lkrei (MIVL), >080.

J^H\IVU, FH\MF, Ybeai Uho7 ml mt ibfs mb .eko, mt”s .simzhnai, SMÎF.EKO >08>.

OHBBMBC, NMAA, FBU Ehedmbc , mb «Mbtirbit Prktkeka Gkurbhaº 8> (>088).

3> dttp7//pubtk-mblkrohtmek.mt/609=03/PM/Nrivm/semkpirk-fiaah-lhoi-aueh-hrohbm.hspx 35 dttp7//pubtk-mblkrohtmek.mt/636300/PM/Biws/hrohbm-vs-hrohbm-cuirrh-ekbtmbuh.hspx. 36 dttp7//haisshbfrkrkbedm.bit/>006/aueh-hrohbm-eifi-h-tmtkak-crhtumtk-ma-bkoi-h-fkombmk-h-cmkrcmk/

39 dttp7//www.winohstirpkmbt.krc/biws/hrohbm.mt-aueh-hrohbm-prkbtk-h-semkpirk-fiaah-lhoi-pir-rmhviri-ma-suk-fkom-bmk[p50398.dtoa

3<dttp7//www.macmkrbk.mt/nirchok/erkbheh/akehai/>00=/80/84/>64<3<-aueh[hrohbm[hrribfi[edmufi[tmonrmlmemk[bierkak-cmk[hbbubemh[lmbi[fiaa[httmvmth.sdtoa#


http://punto-informatico.it/405907/PI/Brevi/sciopero-della-fame-luca-armani.aspx



http://punto-informatico.it/474700/PI/News/armani-vs-armani-guerra-continua.aspx



http://alessandroronchi.net/2004/luca-armani-cede-a-titolo-gratuito-il-nome-a-dominio-a-giorgio/



http://www.webmasterpoint.org/news/armani.it-luca-armani-pronto-a-sciopero-della-fame-per-riavere-il-suo-dominio_p30751.html











2 Prmbempham rmlirmoibtm 2

OH]^, E.I. , M fkohmb bhois i m fmrmttm sum sicbm fmstmbtmvm7 ubh ekismstibzh prknaiohtmeh , mb «Hbbham mthamhbm fia fmrmttkf'hutkri, fiaah euaturh i fiaak spitthekakº (8==<).

OKEJHPIV^MU, P.\., ^LE 4>8. Fkohmb bhois - Ekbeipts hbf lhemamtis 7 Mbtirbit Ibcmbiirmbc Vhsj Lkrei, 8=45.

---, ^LE 8056. Fkohmb Bhois - Ekbeipt hbf lhemamtis7 Mbtirbit Ibcmbiirmbc Vhsj Lkrei, 8=43.

---, ^LE 8059. Fkohmb Bhois - Mopaioibthtmkb hbf Upiemlmehtmkb7 Mbtirbit Ibcmbiirmbc Vhsj Lkrei, 8=43.

OYIAAI^, OMAVKB A, Ekopitmbc FBU ^kkts7 Erihtmvi Fistruetmkb kr Gust Pahmb Fistruetmkb;, Httm fia svkatksm h >008.

PKUVIA, G. I G.J. ^I]BKAFU, ^LE =>0. Fkohmb riqumrioibts7 Bitwkrj Skrjmbc Crkup, 8=46.

PKUVIA, GKB, ^LE 89=8. Fkohmb Bhoi Uystio Utrueturi hbf Fiaichtmkb Mbtirbit Ibcmbiirmbc Vhsj Lkrei, 8==6.

^HUVICH^M, UHOHBID, O MXNHA UH^MPHB I OKDF LHFAII H ^HUMF, Fitietmkb kl Fibmha kl Uirvmei Htthejs hchmbst FkohmbBhoi Uystio Ysmbc Biurha Bitwkrjs, mb «Gkurbha kl Ekoputir Uemibeiº <, b. 8 (>00=), pp. >5->3.

^IBBH, A., Ma fmrmttk mbfustrmhai biaah riti Mbtirbit7 bkom fm fkombmk, ekbtrhllhzmkbi i ekbekrribzh saihai , M bukvm ekbtrhttmbiaah prhssm emvmai i ekooiremhai, \ka. M. Hccmkrbhoibtk, Vkrmbk7 Ytit (Ma fmrmttk prmvhtk biaah cmurmsprufibzh, ekaahbhfmritth fh Phkak Eibfkb) >004.

04 2013 2014 Comunicazione 1 -> molti: DNS (Domain Name System) e nomi a dominio

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Transcript of 04 2013 2014 Comunicazione 1 -> molti: DNS (Domain Name System) e nomi a dominio