· SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation...

47
Il percorso riabilitativo nel Il percorso riabilitativo nel paziente respiratorio paziente respiratorio www.fisiokinesiterapia.biz

Transcript of  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation...

Page 1:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Il percorso riabilitativo nel Il percorso riabilitativo nel paziente respiratorio paziente respiratorio

www.fisiokinesiterapia.biz

Page 2:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

......ovveroovvero 10 10 buonebuone ragioniragioni per per proporreproporre un un approccioapproccio riabilitativoriabilitativo aiai nostrinostri pazientipazienti

Page 3:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

RIABILITAZIONE RIABILITAZIONE RESPIRATORIARESPIRATORIA

“La Riabilitazione respiratoria ha lo scopo di recuperare i pazienti ad uno stile di vita indipendente, produttivo e soddisfacente ed impedire l’ulteriore deterioramento clinicocompatibile con lo stato di malattia”

Eur. Respir. J. 1992;5:266-75

Page 4:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

FEV

1 (%

FE

V1

(% p

rdprd ))

100100

75 75

50 50

25 25

002525 5050 7575

DisabilityDisability ((relapsesrelapses))

DeathDeathAgeAge ((yearsyears))

NeverNever smokedsmoked

O2O2

MVMV

La BPCO è una patologia evolutiva

DyspnoeaDyspnoea

Page 5:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Muscle

Q CO2

Q O2

Lung

Heart blood

O2 flow

CO2 flow

Expired

inspired

VCO2

VO2

PeriphCircul.

Pulm.Circul.

CO2 prod

O2 consum

Page 6:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

APACHE score

<25

25-40

>40

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Body Mass Index(kg/m2)

>22

18-22<18

Activities Daily Living Age (years)

Cumulat

ive

Prop

ortion

Surv

iving

Follow up time, Days

Four predictors of survival in COPD. Connors et al., AJRCCM 1996; 154: 959-967

0

1 or 2>2

<60

60-75

>75

Page 7:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

AlterazioniAlterazioni nutrizionalinutrizionali

Mm resp.

Mm perif.

Page 8:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

1998:158

Page 9:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

AJRCCM, 2000

Coronell et al, Eur Respir J 2004

Quadriceps endurance in COPD

RidottaRidotta tolleranzatolleranza alloallo sforzosforzo

Page 10:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 171. pp 972–977, 2005

Page 11:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

ForzaForzaMuscoliMuscoliRespiratoriRespiratoriMIP, MEPMIP, MEPridotteridotte

diaframmadiaframma

NormaleNormale BPCOBPCO

caricoforza

diaframmadiaframma

Page 12:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Quality of life and hospital re-admission in patientswith chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseLM Osman et al.

Poor scores of QOL are associated withreadmission for COPD and use of resources such as nebulisers, independentof physiological measures of diseaseseverity.

1997; 52:67-71

Page 13:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 171. pp 446–452, 2005

Patients with frequent exacerbations are more likely to becomehousebound and need targeting in rehabilitation programs.

SGRQ score

Page 14:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

SGRQ score

4 wks 12 wks 26 wks

65

No further exacerbation

Baseline

Further exacerbationwithin 6 months

Health status changes following an exacerbation

Health status changes following an exacerbation

Spencer & Jones. Thorax 2003

Page 15:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

BPCO: BPCO: ilil costocosto economicoeconomico

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Cost x year in US $

Stage I Stage II Stage III

Friedman Chest 1999;115:65Friedman Chest 1999;115:65

Page 16:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

FEV1 < 35%

““COPD HETEROGENEITYCOPD HETEROGENEITY””

PT # 1PT # 158 y58 yFEV1: 28 %FEV1: 28 %

1 2 3 4

PT # 2PT # 262 y62 yFEV1: 33%FEV1: 33%

PT # 3PT # 369 y69 yFEV1: 35%FEV1: 35%

PT # 4PT # 472 y72 yFEV1: 34%FEV1: 34%

Cote et alCote et al

Page 17:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

• B ody Mass index

• O bstruction

• D yspnea

• E xercise

BODE INDEX

Page 18:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

ObesitObesitàà e disordini respiratori e disordini respiratori notturni notturni

SatSat O2O2

Page 19:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

I pazienti non sanno:

Usare i farmaci l’ Ossigeno smettere di fumare

Page 20:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

malattie malattie neuromuscolarineuromuscolari

Hanno forza muscolare ridottaNon sanno tossireRischiano IRC, IRA

Duchenne

SLA

Page 21:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Respiratory Disease

Dyspnoea

Personality Exercise Limitation

EnvironmentMuscle Wasting

Disability

Links between respiratory disease and factors thatimpair QoL

Page 22:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Years

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Change inSGRQScore

(Worse)(Worse)

Threshold of clinical

significance

Weighted RegressionSlope = 3.4 units/year

Worsening health status during timeWorsening health status during time

Page 23:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

i costi umani ed economici sono enormi

Il 10 % dei malati ammessi in TI non vengono svezzati entro 48 h

Page 24:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Weaning and secretionDeconditioning

Inactivity

Page 25:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

• Dare sollievo dai sintomi

• Migliorare la tolleranza all’esercizio fisico

• Migliorare la qualità della vita

• Prevenire e trattare le esacerbazioni

• Prevenire la progressione della malattia

• Prevenire e trattare le complicazioni

• Ridurre la mortalità

Obiettivi del trattamento della BPCO oggi

GOLD 2006

Page 26:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

The The viciousvicious circlecircle of COPDof COPD

SocialSocialactivityactivity

SocialSocialisolationisolation

PhysicalPhysicalactivityactivity DepressionDepression

DepressingDepressinglevelslevels ofoffitnessfitness

ShortnessShortness ofofbreathbreath

DyspneaDyspnea

COPDCOPD

Page 27:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Adegua il piano assistenziale ai bisogni del paziente

Coglie tempestivamente i segni diretti o indiretti della limitazione funzionale

Sfata il concetto di autolimitazione (i pazienti “cronici”imparano a convivere) (disabilità)

Non sottostima i risvolti sociali delle limitazioni funzionali croniche (handicap o non partecipazione)

Cronicità di approccio (non insegue il sintomo)

ASPETTI PECULIARI DELLA RIABILITAZIONE RESPIRATORIA

Page 28:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

• The evidence for improvement in exercise endurance, dyspnea, functional capacity and quality of life is stronger for rehabilitation than for almost any other therapy in COPD, and documentation of its favorable effect on health care utilization is increasing.

• The success of pulmonary rehabilitation stems from its favorable influence on systemic effects and co-morbidities associated with chronic lung disease.

• Since these impairments are present to some extent in all chronic lung disease, pulmonary rehabilitation should be effective in diseases other than COPD.

Page 29:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

decades

Control symptoms and minimize complications

100

50

20

FEV 1

(% o

f pr

edic

ted)

Cognitive and behavioural self-management skills

Honouring patients’ needs and preferences

Palliative care

?

Rehabilitation and integrated care in COPD

Page 30:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

CONCLUSIONE

La riabilitazione intesa come arte, abilità e fisiologia di multiple discipline

trova il suo razionale come strategia:

1. di valutazione e terapia a lungo termine2. atta a ridurre la disabilità

di paz. con malattie respiratorie croniche evolutive

Page 31:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Funziona ?

Page 32:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

ASPETTI PECULIARI DELLA RIABILITAZIONE RESPIRATORIA

•• Individualizzazione• Multisciplinarietà• Continuità di cura nel tempo

ma soprattutto

essa si orienta verso il paziente con patologia cronica ed evolutiva e pertanto viene a cadere il concetto di danno residuo, come conseguenza di evento acuto (IMA, Ictus, Trauma)

Page 33:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

The functional management of chronic lung disease

Impairment Disability Handicap

Damage Reduced Social impactperformance

Lung function Exercise test Quality of lifequestionnaire

Steroids, Exercise Education andbroncodilators, training psychosocialetc. support

Assesment

Therapy

REHABILITATION AIMS

Page 34:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Chi è il candidato ?

Page 35:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Identify patient who needs physiotherapy

• Recurrent chest infections• Difficulties with chest clearance• Inappropriate shortness of breath after

exercise• Abnormal breathing patterns• Inappropriate inhaler technique

Page 36:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Patologie con indicazioni ai PRP

• BPCO• Asma Bronchiale• Fibrosi Cistica• Bronchiectasie• Insufficienza Respiratoria Cronica• Insufficienza respiratoria acuta su cronica• Malattie NM • Post chirurgico• Post TI

Page 37:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Distanza percorsa nel 6MWDHui KP, Hewitt AB (Chest 2003; 124: 94-7)

Tolleranza allo sforzo

Carico massimo raggiunto su treadmillRies Al et Al. (AJCCM 2003; 167: 880-8)

Dispnea

Bauldoff GF et Al. (Chest 2002; 122: 948-54)

Affaticabilità dei muscoli scheletriciO’Donnel AJRCCM 1998

Page 38:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Quality of Life (Short-Form 36)Williams JEA et Al. ( Thorax 2003; 58: 515-8)

Qualità di BenessereRies Al et Al. (Am.J.Crit.Care Med. 2003)

Page 39:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

1998;157:1489-97

Page 40:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 2 4 6 8

rehabilitationeducation

tread

mill

tread

mill

time

(tim

e ( m

inm

in))

monthsmonths of of followfollow upup

Page 41:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Thorax 2001;56:779-784

Page 42:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

N Engl J Med 2004;350:1005-12.

Kaplan–Meier Survival Curves for BODE and according to ATS .

Page 43:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation
Page 44:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

0,05,0

10,015,020,025,030,035,040,045,050,0

phob

ic anxi

etyge

neral

anxie

tyde

pressi

onho

stility

inadeq

uacy

sensi

tivity

sleep

ing pr

oblem

sso

matizati

on

Psychiatric outpatients

Depressed COPD patients

Non-depressed COPDpatients

Psychopathology of respiratory diseases

Wagena et al, 2004

Page 45:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Respir Med (2007), doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2007.07.016

Number: CRF pts 327 vs Non-CRF pts 720

Page 46:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

Respir Med (2007), doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2007.07.016

Page 47:  · SGRQ score . 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 SGRQ score 4 wks 12 wks 26 wks 65 No further exacerbation Baseline Further exacerbation within 6 months Health status changes following an exacerbation

GOLD

Manage Stable COPD• Education• Pharmacologic Treatment

BronchodilatorsGlucocorticosteroidsOther Treatments

• Non-pharmacologic TreatmentRehabilitationRehabilitationOxygen TherapyVentilatory SupportSurgical Treatments

EvidenceA - B

A - BB

A - B - C - D

AAA

??????C